We investigated the effect of characteristics of raw Al2O3 powder on the synthesis of AlN by the carbothermal reduction-nitridation method, in which CaF2 was added as a catalytic material. Four types of Al2O3 powders were selected. An Al2O3/C molar ratio of 0.29 was fixed, and the amount of CaF2 was varied from 3 to 30 wt%. The carbothermal reduction-nitridation was conducted from 1350° to 1450°C in N2 flow. The nitridation rate tended to increase with decreasing particle size of raw Al2O3 and was found to depend on the Al2O3 synthesizing method. The particle sizes of the synthesized AlN increased somewhat with increasing reaction temperatures. However, even though different particle sizes of Al2O3 powders were used, AlN powders synthesized under the same conditions exhibited almost the same particle size, round shape, and narrow size distribution. From XRD analysis, CaO·6Al2O3 and CaO·2Al2O3 were identified as intermediate compounds during these reactions. The above phenomena suggest that the synthesis mechanism of AlN powder by carbothermal reduction-nitridation of Al2O3 with CaF2 addition was the nitridation of the intermediate compounds through the liquid phase of the system CaF2-CaO·6Al2O3-CaO·2Al2O3.


Diabetes is a growing epidemic world wide, a rise of 250 million diabetics is expected by the year 2010 globally [1]. The perplexing feature of this end organ disease is its polygenicity. Diverse and complex mechanisms are involved at molecular level in the evolution of this endocrine disorder. Insulin resistance 10-20 years prior to actual manifestation of the disease has been postulated [2, 3].


Abstract Sequence analysis using reflection seismic integrated with borehole data documents the evolution of the Northern New Guinea Basin. The data reveal the Piore and Sepik Basins, two present-day sub-basins of the Northern New Guinea Basin, to have been depositionally contiguous during the Miocene. Both sub-basins are floored by a complex Paleogene basement assemblage that includes fragments of a volcanic arc and sporadic occurrences of Bliri Sequence sediments. The overlying Miocene Sepik Sequence baselaps and consists of shallow marine to pelagic carbonates and axially transported slope systems which thin northward. A Late Miocene relative fall in sea level is recorded by a basin-wide unconformity. The subsequent Pliocene uplift of the Bewani-Torricelli Mountains along the active Northern New Guinea Fault System sagitally separated the two basins, segmenting the North New Guinea Basin into the Sepik Basin to the south and the Piore Basin to the north. The segmentation is recorded within the Wewak Sequence sediments, as a Bewani unconformity. The post Bewani unconformity Piore Basin experienced north to south tilting toward the Bewani-Torricelli Range, accelerated subsidence in the south, and gradual uplift in the north culminating in the Quaternary emergence of the Oenake Range. Northward prograding fluvial-deltaic systems initiating from the Bewani-Torricelli Mountains deposited the Wosera Sequence within the Piore Basin. In comparison, the Sepik Basin experienced a southward tilting away from the Bewani-Torricelli Mountains with the Wosera Sequence sediments recording west to east prograding systems which vertically grade from marine slope to deltaic to fluvial depositional environments. Proximal to the Northern New Guinea Fault Systems, both basins are overprinted by a variety of wrench fault style structures. The resulting basement-penetrating faults may afford potential hydrocarbon pathways from depth for the observed surface oil seeps, among apparent thermally immature source rocks.


The flow structure inside a pressure swirl atomizer is investigated using high-speed shadowgraphy tech niques and computational fluid dynamics tools. The hollow cone spray properties are detected using Pha se Doppler Particle Analyzer. The experimental and numeri cal results are analyzed and compared. The aircore inside the pressure swirl atomizer is visualized at high t emporal and spatial resolutions with the high-speed shadowgraphy system. The images captured are analyzed quantitatively with a developed image processing tool. The analyses reveal strong fluctuations of the airc ore diameter. Three dimensional and two dimensional axisymmetric-swirl models are used for the numerical study performed with ANSYS-FLUENT software. Unsteady, two phase laminar flows are computed using the volume of fluid method. Three-dimensional and t wodimensional numerical simulations also predict stro ng oscillations of aircore diameter near the base o f swirl chamber. In addition, a two-component Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer is employed to investigate the s pray properties.


In article some questions connected with possibility of contest of the requirement about payment of a tax as the individual tax and legal act are considered. The author analyzes activity of tax authorities and possibility of contest of requirements of data of bodies about collecting tax payments at the corresponding violations. The offer on differentiation of such concepts as "the repeated requirement" and "the specified tax requirement" is put forward.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an excellent candidate for introducing effective pinning centres and at the same time enhancing the upper critical field of MgB2. We report on the use of a low intensity ultrasonication as a method of dispersion of CNTs into precursor magnesium and boron powder. The ultrasonication improved homogenous mixing of CNTs with the MgB2 matrix. Ultrasonication of CNT doped MgB2 resulted in a significant enhancement in the field dependence of critical current density. The density of the sample increased due to the improved adherence between CNTs and MgB2 matrix. CNTs donate carbon that is substituted for boron in MgB2.


Competent employees are the greatest assets of any organisation. The proficiency of employees plays a vital role in the context of the diverse challenges faced by the contemporary organisations. Talent management, employee engagement and employee retention have become the key concerns of HRD professionals. This is of greater relevance in the banking organisations, being a highly HR intensive sector. In order to maintain and develop their competencies, the employees should have an open mind for learning and change. This proactive approach can be generated by providing adequate opportunities as well as motivation for the employees by fostering a supportive and favourable climate for learning in organisations. This paper is an attempt to analyse the influence of the HRD climate existing in banks on the learning orientation of the employees.


Two of the most important tasks in coal mines are to improve efficiency and to increase production besides keeping safety constantly in mind.In order to obtain these goals,mine mechanization is required.Mine mechanization needs high levels of investment and should therefore be studied carefully before final decisions about mechanization are made.When analysizing the potential for mechanization the following,rather imprecise,factors should be considered:seam inclination and thickness,geological disturbances,seam floor conditions,roof conditions,water at the working face and the extension of seams.In our study we have used fuzzy logic,membership functions and created fuzzy rule-based methods and to considered the ultimate objective:mechanization of mining.As a case study,the mechanization of the Takht coal seams in Iran was investigated.The results show a high potential for mechanization in most of the Takht coal seams.


The lead in of basketball training methods in college basketball elective classes can combine practice with theory. The students can have more time to practice. Their ability of actual combat can be promoted and they become more active in learning.


The purpose of this study is to provide basic data of scientific
personnel management for productivity improvement of construction
project. The type of the on-site works for this measurement study
is divided into productive, auxiliary, and non-productive work.
By means of Work Sampling technique, one of work measurement
technique, the productivity was measured.


The hierarchical hub covering facility location problems are applied to distribution systems, transportation, waste disposal, treatment services, emergency services and remote communication. The problems attempt to determine the location of service providers' facilities at different levels and specify their linking directions in order to reduce costs and to establish an appropriate condition in distribution network. By utilizing these problems, the present paper attempts to allocate "capacitated" option to each provider service and consequently establish and choose the best possible condition, so that demands centers are rationally and effectively guided by service providers' centers and their request never remains without response. To do this, the model "the capacitated single allocation hierarchical hub median location problem" is developed, created and provided. In addition, considering of the increasing demand, modulating choices are addressed in order to fulfill the future needs and to impose uncertainty in decision making in the results. To validate the model, we used IAD data, which the results confirm its consistency.


In academic sphere there are numerous tools for controlling and regulating its working and ethic codes are placed among the most important vehicles in this process. It is also claimed that, these codes have significate effects on academic publishing. Moreover, the line between the right and wrong applications of these codes related to the publishing, sharing among scientific community, regulating, and using of the scientific works and publications is too thin and mostly depends on subjective interpretations in practice. And, the violation of these codes whether consciously or unconsciously by scholars or scientific community may result to the breaking of trust at personal, national, institutional, and scientific levels. Academicians' information levels and scientific ethic codes tendencies effect their research performance in whether positive or negative terms. In this paper, the perceptions and tendencies of academicians at Ataturk University, Erzurum in Turkey related to the scientific ethical codes are aimed to examined and the factors leading to the violation of these codes in academic publishing are aimed to revealed by depending on both the scholars' interpretations and literature in terms of concepts as plagiarism, unfair authorship, hypothesis problems, slicing, duplication.


The system described in this paper applies hidden Markov technology to the task of recognizing the handwritten legal amount on personal checks. We argue that the most significant source of error in handwriting recognition is the segmentation process. In traditional handwriting OCR systems, recognition is performed at the character level, using the output of an independent segmentation step. Using a fixed stepsize series of vertical slices from the image, the HMM system described in this paper avoids taking segmentation decisions early in the recognition process.


In ancient China there was a type of collective-sharing story,handed down from generation to generation.The story of the White Snake is a typical example:a typical victim of circumstance,a literary metaphor,re-narrated and re-explained from generation to generation.Because of the differences in life experiences and circumstances of each generation,it is re-narrated and re-explained differently,which deepens the understanding of the plight of human kind universally,and is instilled in the blood of national spirit.


Objective To investigate the protective effect of myocardial preconditioning with propofol alone vs propofol and adenosine against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Twenty-one mongrel dogs of either sex weighing 11-16 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 7 each) : group A I/R; group B propofol + I/R and group C propofol + adenosine + I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine and intermittent i.v. boluses of thiopental, intubated and mechanically ventilated. The chest was opened and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was occluded for 60 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group B propofol was infused at 5.6 mg·kg-1·h-1 for 30 min before I/ R whereas in group C adenosine 0.1 mmol was injected at the root of aorta 10 min before I/R in addition to propofol infusion. Left cardiac catheter was placed in left ventricle via left common carotid artery for MAP and left ventricular pressure monitoring. ECG, BP, HR, CVP, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure (LVSP, LVEDP), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were monitored. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP= DBP - LVEDP) and heart rate-pressure product (RPP= HR×SBP) were calculated. Regional wall motion (RWM) of the ischemic myocardium was scored. Results Ischemic ECG changes ( S-T segment elevation, abnormal T and arrhythmia) developed immediately after occlusion of LAD artery. LVEDP was significantly increased while CO, SV, EF, CPP and RPP were significantly decreased after LAD artery was occluded as compared to the baseline values in group A. Preconditioning with propofol alone or propofol combined with adenosine attenuated the hemodynamic changes induced by I/R. RWM score was significantly increased after LAD artery occlusion and was significantly lower in group B and C than in group A.Conclusion Propofol preconditioning can protect myocardium against I/R injury but adenosine combined with propofol does not enhance the protective effect.


The use of fuse save schemes to avoid sustained outages due to temporary faults is well known in the utility industry. The scheme is limited in application due to fault current levels fuse speeds and relay-breaker speeds. This paper describes application of electronic sectionalizers to overcome these limitations and the results of implementation of such a scheme


Abstract This article discusses Whiteness as a systemic oppression and critical Whiteness as a theory and practice that challenges cultural neutrality and the othering of non-White people. The authors consider a particular form of White identity from the context of a postcolonial society, that of Aotearoa New Zealand. Following a brief review of the transactional analysis literature on oppression—specifically, the work of the radical psychiatrists (Steiner and others) and other authors on cultural scripting (Drego and Mazzetti), the article offers a critical transactional analysis of different aspects of Whiteness in terms of transactions, ego states, scripts, and games.


Cyclization of one of two cyclic bisamides (III and IX), followed by reduction and successive methylation, gave our expected bis-coclaurine derivatives, one of which was identical with O-methyloxyacanthine, namely natural obaberine (I).


We investigate static, planar, solutions of Einstein-scalar gravity admitting an anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacuum. When the squared mass of the scalar field is positive and the scalar potential can be derived from a superpotential, minimum energy theorems indicate the existence of a scalar soliton. On the other hand, for these models, no-hair theorems forbid the existence of hairy black brane solutions with AdS asymptotics. By considering a specific example (an exact integrable model which has the form of a Toda molecule) and by deriving explicit exact solution, we show that these models allow for hairy black brane solutions with non-AdS domain wall asymptotics, whose extremal limit is a scalar soliton. The soliton smoothly interpolates between a non-AdS domain wall solution at $r=\infty$ and an AdS solution near $r=0$.


The closed-form exact solution of the plane elasticity problem is used to provide the in-plane stress distribution for the vibration problem. A proper procedure using the Ritz method is developed for solving the latter problem for clamped, simply supported, or free boundary conditions. Compressive buckling loads for each symmetry class are determined as a special case as the frequencies decrease to zero with increasing compressive force


of the Lettsomian Lectures, by Mr Jonathan Hutchinson, continued from p. 94. Relationship of Tertiaries to Secondaries.?As illustrating that these two stages are not so distinct as the older doctrines taught, the following case is cited. A young man, aged 21, too young for it to be likely that he had ever syphilis before, was admitted into the London Hospital. He had still the remains of a hard chancre, and was covered with a papular rash, which was ulcerating in places!, He was infected four months previously. He died suddenly. The necropsy showed gummata in both testicles, in the spleen, and in the heart, death having been caused by the softening and ulceration of the latter. Here we have conditions which are usually counted tertiary, occurring before the primary ones have had time to disappear. The exceptional character of this case is only in the circumstance that the patient died, and thus afforded an opportunity for the demonstration of conditions which are probably present, but unsuspected in many others. The gummata of the early period are small and numerous; those of the later one are large, and often few in number, or are single. The Position of Rupia.?It is a mistake to consider rupia as definitely a tertiary symptom. It almost invariably begins within a year of the chancre, and often much earlier; and if met with later, it is almost always in cases in which it has resisted treatment and lasted for long. The mistake as to its proper position has arisen from a too easy acceptance of the dogma, that everything that EDINBURGH MED. JOURN., VOL. XXXII.?NO. II. 2 A


The scaling of updraught velocities over a wide range of surface temperatures is investigated in simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium with a cloud‐system resolving model. The updraught velocities increase with warming, with the largest fractional increases occurring in the upper troposphere and for the highest percentile updraughts. A plume model approximately reproduces the increases in updraught velocities if the plume environment is prescribed as the mean profile in each simulation while holding the entrainment and microphysical assumptions fixed. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) also increases with warming in the simulations but at a much faster fractional rate when compared with the square of the updraught velocities. This discrepancy is investigated with a two‐plume model in which a weakly entraining plume represents the most intense updraughts, and the environment is assumed to adjust so that a more strongly entraining plume has negligible buoyancy. The two‐plume model suggests that updraught velocities increase with warming at a lower fractional rate than implied by the CAPE because of the influence of entrainment on both the mean stratification and the updraughts themselves.


Socialist open-doors theory with Chinese Characteristics was initiated by the second generation central group leadership with Deng Xiaoping at the core.It has been constantly enriched and developed by the third generation central group leadership with Jiang Zemin at the core and by the new generation central group leadership with general secretary Hu Jintao at the core.It feeds on Marx and Engels' ideology of "open socialism",Lenin's idea of peaceful diplomacy and "concession" principle,and Mao Zedong's idea of opening-up.


The nature of the mixed phosphates present in coatings produced by the action of phosphoric acid on a clean steel surface has been investigated. It has been shown that the coating composition changes with time of exposure to atmospheric oxygen. The role of oxygen in the reaction mechanism is discussed.


DnaB helicase is a ring-shaped hexamer of 300 kDa that is essential for replication of the bacterial chromosome. ThednaB gene from Thermus aquaticus was isolated and cloned, and its gene product was expressed and purified to homogeneity. A helicase assay was developed, and optimal conditions forT. aquaticus DnaB activity were determined using a forked duplex DNA substrate. The activity required a hydrolyzable nucleoside triphosphate and both 5′- and 3′-single-stranded DNA tail regions. Under conditions of single enzymatic turnover, the lengths of the 5′- and 3′-single-stranded regions were varied, and 6–10 nucleotides of the 5′-single-stranded tail and 21–30 nucleotides of the 3′-single-stranded tail markedly stimulated the unwinding rate. These data suggest that DnaB from T. aquaticus interacts with both DNA single-stranded tails during unwinding and that a greater portion of the 3′-tail is in contact with the protein. Two models are consistent with these data. In one model, the 5′-single stranded region passes through the central hole of the DnaB ring, and the 3′-tail makes extensive contact with the outside of the protein. In the other model, the 3′-single-stranded region passes through the DnaB ring, and the outside of the protein contacts the 5′-tail.


This paper investigates the scattering and absorption of scalar waves satisfying the equation φ;μ;μ=0 in the Schwarzschild metric. This problem has been previously considered by Hildreth. We find, for a Schwarzschild mass m, the following cross sections in the zero‐frequency limit for s‐waves: σ(absorption) = 0, dσ/dΩ ≃ [c + ⅓(2m) ln (2mω)]2, where c is a constant of order m. These results disagree with the previous calculation. We exhibit a method of solution for the equation. Its limiting (Newtonian) form, with suitable identification of the coefficients, is the problem of Coulomb scattering in non‐relativistic quantum mechanics. By demanding coordinate conditions which for large l allow the usual Coulomb results in a partial‐wave expansion, we are able to define a partial‐wave cross section. The (summed) differential cross section for small frequencies inherits the logarithmic behavior of the s‐wave part, which is the only contribution explicitly calculated. (The l ≠ 0 contributions and the behavior of...


A large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition (LVCSR) system was developed and evaluated. To evaluate the system, a Japanese business-newspaper speech corpus was designed and recorded. The corpus was designed so that is can be used for Japanese LVCSR research in the same way that the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus, for example, is used for English LVCSR research. Since Japanese sentences are written without spaces between words, a morphological analysis was introduced to segment sentences into words so that word n-gram language models could be used. To enable the use of detailed word n-gram (n/spl ges/3) language models, a two-pass decoding strategy was applied. Context-dependent (CD) phone models and word trigram language models reduced the word error rate from 80.2% to 10.1% (an error reduction of about 88%). This result shows that CD phoneme modeling and word trigram language models can be used effectively in Japanese LVCSR.


It is clear that plea bargaining has become the primary method for criminal case disposition in the United States. It also is likely that defense attorneys, like other courtroom work group actors, generally benefit from such an expedited system of justice. What is less clear, however, is the degree that they may feel stressed by getting too much of a good thing. This article presents data that suggest that judicially created "no-trial option" environments rank among the highest of potential stressors confronting public defenders. Apart from the strong general effects such environments have on defenders, regression analyses suggest that such environments tend to moderately exacerbate defender-client and defender-prosecutor conflicts as well.


This study aimed to verify the application of silicon in hydroponics and influence the production and postharvest of lettuce cv. Lucy Brown in refrigerated environment and minimally processed. The first experiment was conducted hydroponic production with increasing concentration of silicon (0, 28, 56 and 84 mg L ) using as source of potassium silicate, and assessed for fresh weight, dry weight, silicon and macronutrients content. In the second experiment, lettuce grown in hydroponics with silicon (conditions of the first experiment) were stored at 8 °C, 80 ± 3% RH and 22°C, 80 ± 3% RH, and evaluated, weight loss, firmness, chlorophyll, soluble solids and titratable acidity contents , pH, activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. In the third experiment, after producing hydroponic lettuce were subjected to minimal processing, packaged, stored at 3 °C, 85 ± 3% RH and evaluated every four days for the levels of O2 and CO2 in packaging, soluble solids, and titratable acidity, and chlorophyll, firmness and activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. The concentration of 84 mg L of Si provided greater absorption of silicon and fresh weight for lettuce. Old leaves had higher silicon content compared to new leaves. The association of the dose of 84 mg L of Si with temperature of 8 °C promoted greater firmness of leaves, lower weight loss and low activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes during the period. The concentration of 84 mg L silicon increased firmness of the leaves and kept constant the concentration of chlorophyll in minimally processed lettuce conserving its life for 16 days.


Objective: Jatropha curcus belonging to the Family, Euphorbiaceous commonly known as physic nuts. It is well known herb all over the world. J.curcas oil is not edible and is traditionally used for manufacturing soap and other medicinal applications. It is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. This review is based on focusing on the biodiesel production from the plant Jatropha curcas . Methods: Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas seed oil involved three steps include extraction of oil from the seed, acid-catalyzed transesterification, and base-catalyzed transesterification, each of which is well-known and widely-utilized in today's biodiesel industry The produced bio diesel was characterized to obtain its physicochemical parameters such as flash point, pour point, cloud point, viscosity and density. Results: The results obtained from the calculation of the yield of oil extracted revealed 54% of oil could be obtained from the


Nutrition is one of many factors that affects milk yield in dairy cows. Increasing the protein concentration in the supplement increases milk yield of cows receiving grass silage based diets (Huhtanen et al., 1995). Gross margins for purchased feed per litre milk produced can be reduced by decreased feeding of purchased concentrates and replacement with cheaper home-produced roughages (Browne et al., 1995). In the Western Cape, oat silage is often used in combination with lucerne hay or wheat straw in the feeding of dairy cows (Muller & Botha, 1998). No information is available concerning the ideal combination of oat silage and lucerne hay for dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to determine the production performance of lactating dairy cows receiving varying levels of oat silage and lucerne hay and to determine the maximum level of oat silage that can be included in the diet without impairing the performance of cows.


Wavelet analysis is a mathematical technique used to represent data or functions. The wavelets used in the analysis are functions that possess certain mathematical properties, and break the data down into different scales or resolutions. Wavelets are better able to handle spikes and discontinuities than traditional Fourier analysis making them a perfect tool to de-noise noisy data. Traditional applications of wavelets have focused on image compression and analysis, but they are also being used to analyze time series, biological processes, spectroscopic data of chemical compounds, seismic signals for earthquake prediction, and atmospheric data for weather prediction. SAS began introducing tools to perform wavelet analysis in version 8.2. This paper introduces some of the basic concepts of wavelet analysis, and how to perform wavelet analysis with SAS IML. INTRODUCTION In this paper, signal data refer to data with some type of time or spatial relationship. The majority of signal data we encounter in practical situations are a combination of low and high frequency components. The low frequency component is somewhat stationary over the length of the signal data. An example of a low frequency component is a moving average in a time series, or a constant background color in a photograph. High frequency components are jump discontinuities or noisy pieces of the signal, such as outliers in a time series or a shift from the background to a person's face in the photograph. Wavelet analysis employs two functions, often referred to as the father and mother wavelets, to generate a family of functions that break up and reconstruct a signal. The father wavelet is similar in concept to a moving average function, while the mother wavelet quantifies the differences between the original signal and the average generated by the father wavelet. The combination of the two functions allows wavelet analysis to analyze both the low and high frequency components in a signal simultaneously. Image analysis has been the application of choice for wavelets. In 1995 the FBI had roughly 200 million fingerprint records stored as inked impressions on paper cards, which they wanted to convert to digital form. Each card required 10 MB of storage space based on a resolution of 500 pixels per inch with 256 levels of gray-scale, which meant that the FBI needed 2,000,000,000 MB or 2,000,000 gigabytes worth of storage space. An algorithm based on wavelets was chosen as the FBI standard for fingerprint image compression, because it yielded compression ratios between 15:1 and 20:1 with minimal loss of image quality. A compression ratio of 20:1 meant that only 100,000 gigabytes of space was needed, and while this was still a large amount of memory it was a substantial savings. The new JPEG-2000 image compression standard is also based on an algorithm that uses wavelets, and has a compression ratio of 20:1. Image analysis is not the only area of application for wavelet analysis. Wavelets can be used in the analysis and modeling of other types of signal data. Chemists are using wavelets to help reduce the number of potential predictors and improve the modeling of spectroscopic signals [4]. Statisticians and mathematicians are using wavelets to analyze time series [2, 10], and scientists are using wavelets to study the breathing patterns of newborn babies [1]. The basic concepts of wavelet analysis are accessible to those with some exposure to linear algebra and calculus. General introductions can be found in [1, 7] and on numerous web-sites, while more mathematically detailed introductions can be found in [3, 5, 9]. This paper will scratch the surface of wavelet analysis theory, and present an example of performing wavelet analysis with SAS. A VERY SHORT REVIEW OF LINEAR ALGEBRA The set of vectors {v1, v2, ..., vk} is linearly independent if the only solution to the equation c1v1 + c2v2 + ... + ckvk = 0 is c1 = c2 = ... = ck = 0. A nonempty set of vectors {v1, v2, ..., vk} is a basis for a vector space V if it is linear independent, and every vector in V can be expressed as a linear combination of v1, v2, ..., vk. The vectors (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), and (0, 0, 1) form a basis for the space of all vectors in R, because they are linearly independent and any vector (x, y, z) can be written as the linear combination x(1, 0, 0) + y(0, 1, 0) + z(0, 0, 1) = (x, y, z). Furthermore, the set {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)} is orthonormal, because the inner product of any two of the vectors is zero, and the norm of each vector is one. These are the standard definitions and examples most readers probably encountered in their first course on linear algebra. The same definitions that apply to the set {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)} in R also apply to sets of functions in more complex vector spaces. For example, the set of functions {1, t, t, t} is a basis for the space of all polynomials of degree 3 or less. Posters NESUG 18


The aim of this paper is applying the linguistic term and linguistic variables to picture fuzzy information. In this article the multiple attribute group decision making is considered. First we develop the picture linguistic averaging aggregation operators based on new operation on picture fuzzy information. For the (MCGDM) problems with picture linguistic information, we define a score index and accuracy index of (PLNs), and prefer a technique to the correlation among the two (PLNs). Simultaneously, some operation laws for (PLNs) are defined and the related properties are studied. Further, some aggregation operators are developed: picture linguistic weighted averaging (PLWA), picture linguistic ordered weighted averaging (PLOWA), picture linguistic hybrid averaging (PLHA) operators


Ov20 is a major antigen of the parasitic nematodeOnchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness in humans, and the protein is secreted into the tissue occupied by the parasite. DNA encoding Ov20 was isolated, and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Fluorescence-based ligand binding assays show that the protein contains a high affinity binding site for retinol, fluorescent fatty acids (11-((5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino)undecanoic acid, dansyl-dl-α-aminocaprylic acid, and parinaric acid) and, by competition, oleic and arachidonic acids, but not cholesterol. The fluorescence emission of dansylated fatty acids is significantly blue-shifted upon binding in comparison to similarly sized β-sheet-rich mammalian retinol- and fatty acid-binding proteins. Secondary structure prediction algorithms indicate that a α-helix predominates in Ov20, possibly in a coiled coil motif, with no evidence of β structures, and this was confirmed by circular dichroism. The protein is highly stable in solution, requiring temperatures in excess of 90 °C or high denaturant concentrations for unfolding. Ov20 therefore represents a novel class of small retinol-binding protein, which appears to be confined to nematodes. The retinol binding activity of Ov20 could possibly contribute to the eye defects associated with onchocerciasis and, because there is no counterpart in mammals, represents a strategic target for chemotherapy.


Two years ago, numerous articles began to appear in the news media predicting that a surge of new data center development would overwhelm the U.S. electric power supply. That power crisis never materialized, probably for three reasons: many of the data centers that were planned were never built, many of the ones that were built ran at low occupancy rates, and those that filled up drew much less power than anticipated. The potential remains, however, that a future wave of data center development could bring on such a crisis. As the U.S. economy improves, consumers are likely to demand more Internet-based services. Furthermore, the amount of power drawn by the electronic equipment installed in data centers has been continually increasing. If these trends continue, existing data centers could fill up with equipment so power-dense that they stress on-site infrastructure, as well as local transmission and distribution systems. Although such stresses might lead to some local service disruptions, they will likely be short-lived, as new technology will improve the efficiency of virtually every energyconsuming system found in data centers, including servers, digital storage, and air conditioning. One early example of such a technology is a new Internet server that allows data centers to pack in eight times as many servers without pushing up their electric bills. Other more efficient technologies are sure to follow. The Great Data Center Power Crisis During the summer of 2000, articles began to appear in the U.S. news media reporting extremely high power capacities either being installed at data centers or being planned for data centers under development. For example, Verton (2001) described a proposed 2.3-million-square-foot (ft) campus containing numerous data centers in Virginia that planned to install its own 250-megawatt (MW) gas-fired power plant. If completed, this facility would exhibit a power density of 100 W/ft. Ernst (2000) reported on a 344,000-ft facility under construction in Tukwila, Washington, that would be capable of drawing 105 MW, or about 300 W/ft. To put the estimated power densities of these reported facilities into perspective, the EIA (1998) reported that in 1995, the average commercial building drew 5.4 W/ft. The general conclusion of these articles was that a massive surge of growth in the data center sector was going to overwhelm the U.S. power supply system. One typical article (Hall 2001) stated that "the growth of the Internet is also to blame for the destabilization of the nation's electric power infrastructure." However, with the possible exception of several months in California, such a power crisis never materialized, and many utilities were actually surprised by how little load growth the data center sector actually exhibited. For example, in early 2001, Austin Energy, the city of Austin's municipal power utility, braced itself for 100 MW of new data-center load, but only 6 MW actually materialized (Duncan 2002). Information and Electronic Technologies: Promises and Pitfalls 7.233 There were probably three major factors that contributed to such low actual load growth. First, most of the data center projects planned in 2000 and 2001 were probably never built. In April of 2001, Mahedy, Cummins, and Joe (2001) revised their August 2000 projections of data center square footage for year-end 2001 down by 34 percent. Probably, even these revised projections were not realized. The stock prices of many major players in the data center sector began to drop precipitously in midto late 2000, such that the market capitalization of many of these companies fell by more than 90 percent. These companies largely responded to the decline by canceling new projects. Second, many of the data centers that were built were lightly occupied. Grubb and Ellis (2001) reported telecom real estate vacancy rates higher than 30 percent in most major markets. Lehman Brothers (2001) estimated that as of mid-2001, out of 5.4 million ft of speculative data center space that was under construction and not yet ready to be leased, only 18.5 percent had been spoken for by prospective customers. Tier 1 Research estimated that only about 31 percent of finished data center space was occupied by early 2002 (Miller 2002). Third, the data centers that did fill up drew less power than anticipated. In a typical study, Mitchell-Jackson (2001) reported that just the computer room floor area in one data center exhibited a power density of 33 W/ft. Although a "power crisis" did not come to pass in the data center industry in 2001, power-related problems will likely place a good deal of stress on both the data center and the electric utility industries sometime in the near future. It's unlikely that these problems will lead to the sort of crisis scenarios discussed above, but they could certainly lead to regional episodes that stress both local data center and utility companies. What the Future Holds There are three reasons to believe that future conflicts driven by escalating data center power demands are possible, if not likely. First, as the U.S. economy rebounds, consumer demand for Internet-based services is being spurred on. Indeed, even as the Internet stock bubble deflated, the number of Web users and the amount of traffic continued to rise. For example, one Web pioneer who studied traffic at the 19 largest Internet carriers concluded that over a one-year period ending in April 2001, Internet traffic had doubled every six months (Miller 2001a). A recent Business Week article drew parallels between the Internet bubble and a similar financial crash that afflicted the British railroad industry in 1847. Although railroad traffic in Britain leveled off for about a year, it grew steadily afterwards for several decades. Apparently, this pattern is characteristic of new, soon-to-be-dominant infrastructure technologies, and this sequence is evidently playing out in the Internet industry as well (Hof and Hamm 2002). There is already some evidence that the shakeout in the data center industry is over. In early 2002, a Palo Alto company sold two data centers constructed by Exodus, the world's largest data center developer and operator. Exodus filed for bankruptcy protection and was purchased soon afterward. Those two centers sold for about half of what it cost Exodus to build them. That's far better than the pennies-on-the dollar valuations at which distressed data centers sold for just year before (Malik 2002). Second, several major companies are attempting to sell computing, digital storage, and other information technology amenities over the Web as though they were a public


cornering. Fig. 6.5 shows the layout of a common instrument differential unit using bevel gears. They are available in very small sizes expressly for mechanical computation. Alternative forms use spur gears in a somewhat similar manner to the above or as an epicyclic layout. More detail is given in Mabie and Ocvirk (1958) and in Murray (1948). The design of differential gear trains is usually discussed in texts on general machine design. Trylinski (1971) also is relevant. Differential gear mechanisms can add unlimited angular excursions. Addition and subtraction


The present invention is to provide a battery pack case for large size from the medium-sized battery module obtained by stacking a plurality of chargeable and dischargeable battery cells or unit modules ( 'unit cells') are incorporated, the unit cell as it can flow in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the one unit cell to the opposite side from the side of the refrigerant battery module for cooling the refrigerant inlet port and the refrigerant discharge port, the upper part of the pack case and lower the disposed in opposite directions, the pack case, respectively, the flow area ( "refrigerant discharge portion from the refrigerant inlet port to the coolant discharge port from the flow region (" refrigerant inflow portion ") and the battery module to the battery module ") is formed with a top of the battery module along the upper edge of the refrigerant inflow section The inner surface facing the edge portion, the distance between the upper edge portion of the inner surface and the battery module has a structure to reduce in the direction of the opposite edge end of the refrigerant inlet portion.


What is narrative identity? In an article I published in this journal two years ago, I defined it as "the notion that what we are is a story of some kind." Before investigating its social and somatic sources, I added that I regarded this idea as "counterintuitive and even extravagant." James Phelan liked my characterization of narrative identity enough to quote it twice in an article of his own in Narrative last October. In that "Editor's Column," Phelan praises the British philosopher Galen Strawson for "his overall effort to debunk the narrative identity thesis" as "both effective and salutary" (209). As the lead-in to his commentary on Strawson, Phelan casts me as the apostle of narrative identity, and it would seem to follow, accordingly, that my views have been "debunked" by Strawson. As Phelan concludes, I'd be guilty-along with Oliver Sacks, Jerome Bruner, and others-of "reducing the numerous and complex relations between the self and one's narratives about the self to a single [narrative] model" (210). When I finished reading the "Editor's Column," I didn't recognize myself in Phelan's "Eakin," not surprisingly because Phelan quotes me selectively to suit his own agenda, a protest against what he calls "narrative imperialism," "the impulse by students of narrative to claim..,. more and more power for our object of study and our ways of studying it" (206). So to set the record straight at the outset, permit me to run the entire passage in which Phelan found his cue. In what follows, I reflect on Oliver Sacks's observation that "it might be said that each of us constructs and lives a 'narrative', and that this narrative is us, our identities" (110, emphasis original):


: There has been a recent years tendency for replacing traditional supply chain data identifying and collecting systems with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies. There are different RFID solutions on the market and it is crucial to choose the solution that best suits the set of goals and desired scenarios. The choice of solution depends on a whole range of different factors and criteria. The present paper develops multi-criteria evaluation models based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) approach. There are no papers in the literature that solve the mentioned problem in this way, on a real example. Three RFID solutions are defined referring to different data identification levels in supply chains, namely: product level, level of packaging and the level of the pallet. Solutions are evaluated, and rated in relation to four criteria: investments, costs, participants' visibility and participants' privacy protection in supply chains. Developed models are tested and applied via a case study conducted in the Serbian market. The model is an excellent basis for decision-making in practice and for researchers in the literature, while with certain modifications, it can be used for other similar problems.


This issue of the policy forum focuses on a theme that has become dominant on the policymakers' agenda since the global financial crisis: How to conduct monetary and fiscal policies in an environment characterised by low interest rates and concerns over fiscal sustainability.


Among the most advanced and sophisticated methods for state analysis of an atmospheric system is the four dimensional variational data assimilation. The numerically challenging task of this approach is the development and application of the adjoint model components. For tracer transport in fluid dynamics accuracy of numerical advection schemes is vital. It is even more important for applications in space-time variational data assimilation with adjoint model version. We propose novel straightforward and efficient approach - artificial source term method - for adjoint advection solver development. It has several benefits compared to traditional adjoint model building technique. One of the attractive features of the new approach is that it reuses existing advection solver code, thus resulting into significant reduction of time needed for adjoint solver development. The stability, accuracy and convergence of the adjoint schemes are investigated. The method is implemented and evaluated for the linear advection equation on the sphere in the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model (ICON). Adjoint solvers developed by the conventional and the methods are compared against each other on a collection of standard advection test cases and variational data assimilation test cases developed here. The advantages of the artificial source term method is especially obvious in case of monotonic advection equation solvers, granting, e.g. absence of oscillations and nonphysical negative concentrations.


In light of the deficiency of conventional method of data processing of hydraulic turbine characteristics,an improved back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm is proposed to process the hydraulic turbine characteristic data.For the BP neural network algorithm,it is not necessary to build up the concrete functions expression; the known discrete data can be fitted by this way. The calculation results of this model are compared with those of the model based on cellular automata principle. The calculation results prove that the model for hydraulic turbine characteristics based on improved BP neural network algorithm is effective and can be used to run of hydraulic turbine.


15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is a lipid-oxidizing enzyme that is involved in cell cycle regulation. To evaluate the effect of 15-LOX on reproduction, we studied transgenic mice that overexpress 15-LOX. The transgene was introduced over the genetic background of the low density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice (LDL-R–/–) and reproduction was compared to LDL-R–/– mice. We found a lower pregnancy rate in the 15-LOX/LDL-R–/– mice as compared to the LDL-R–/– mice (62.74 vs. 79.1%, p < 0.01). Additionally, a remarkably higher number of resorptions per pregnancy was found in the 15-LOX/LDL-R–/– mice (16.7 vs. 3.27%, p < 0.001) and it was accompanied by a significantly higher activity of the 15-LOX enzyme in these resorptions as compared to other tissues. These findings may implicate a role for 15-LOX in the development of spontaneous abortions.


A constructive procedure is presented for designing low rank detectors which maximize the divergence between hypotheses about the covariance structure of Gaussian signals. The detectors are constructed from the eigenstructure of a "signal-to-noise ratio" matrix. We show that the unity eigenvalues of this matrix provide no information about the covariance structure and the rank of the detector may be reduced with no performance penalty. More generally, we show that in certain situations, small eigenvalues may provide more information for discrimination than large eigenvalues. This leads to a systematic procedure for reducing the rank of a quadratic detector. Several examples are discussed.


Volatile oils (aromatic essences) have been well known since ancient times, both as food flavors and as a treatment solution for sanitary and cosmetic purposes. In order to highlight the content in the volatile oils and their composition, a number of fresh aromatic plants have been studied, as: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare), all originated from the organic crops of the Hofigal Company. Essential oils were obtained by using the water vapor extraction technique, while for the identification of volatile oil components was used gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental results present the volatile oil content of the studied aromatic plants and also the important and specific chemical components of each volatile oil. Likewise, the soils used for plants growth have been analyzed for organochlorine content by using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (ECD). The concentration of these organic compounds is below the maximum allowable limit established by specific law (Order no. 756/1997) for soils of Romania. These volatile oils from organic sources will be used as raw materials for obtaining food supplements and cosmetics products.


Amphion is a generic Knowledge Based Software Engineering (KBSE) system that targets scientific subroutine libraries. It was developed at NASA Ames' Computational Sciences Division. Amphion has proven useful for experts in the space science domain. One of the current challenges is to apply the system to different domains, educational settings, and the Internet. In order to assess the applicability of Amphion for educational settings, educators have been invited to try the system and to collaborate with the Amphion team. This paper describes the results of one such collaboration, which involved the development of educational web sites supported by Amphion-generated materials.


Background: The purpose of the present paper was to identify the predictive factors for survival for out‐born infants born between 23 and 24 weeks of gestation.


Abstract This article attempts to engage in a preliminary twinned study of the foreign policy styles of Mahathir bin Mohamad and Lee Kuan Yew within the framework of 'modernizing Southeast Asian foreign policies'. Modernization is a process of immense multidimensional displacement in economy, society, political system, attitudes towards politicians, identities, work, and consumption. As such the onus falls upon their leaders to either mitigate change or productively awaken their followers to embrace a new mode of thought. Both Lee and Mahathir have however chosen to engage in the foreign policy of intellectual iconoclasm featuring the narrative of 'productive shock', manufactured nationalist logics, elitist policy-making and elaborate self-propaganda.


Random invariant manifolds are geometric objects useful for understanding complex dynamics under stochastic influences. But these random objects are difficult to be visualized geometrically or computed numerically. The current work provides a perturbation approach to approximate these random invariant manifolds. We first discuss the existence of a random invariant manifold for a class of stochastic evolutionary equations. Then, we approximate the random invariant manifold by the invariant manifold of a new system with smooth colored noise (i.e., integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes). The convergence in a pathwise Wong-Zakai sense is shown.


This paper illustrates a LCL-filter design for a high power DCDC converter such as a buck boost converter for a battery charging application. The filter is used to reduce load current fluctuations in order to increase the quality of the charging current. It can be used in applications with high requirements on the load currents. A DCDC converter with a LCL filter can also be used to investigate different battery types. It can be used to charge and discharge the battery with a defined reference current. A charging current with very low fluctuation allows charging of a battery with defined current form. This can be used to implement electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and allows investigation of different battery types in order to estimate different battery states such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH) or State of Function (SoF) of any battery type.


The invention relates, on the one hand, to a machine element (6), for example a motor spindle or an electromechanical drive unit, with integrated, internal cooling system (8) and, on the other hand, to a closed cooling circuit (24) with corresponding machine element (6). According to the invention, the cooling takes place with a special coolant (4). The coolant (4) is a dispersion containing at least one Phase Change Material (PCM).


Teaching is traditionally considered one of the most stressful of occupations. Lack of experience, training, and working with children with behavior problems represent variables shown to increase teachers' stress. Research also demonstrates teachers' stress can reduce their performance and also might lead to negative attitudes (Greenglass & Burke, 2003). The magnitude of concerns of teachers in war zones, however, greatly exceeds those typically discussed.  Identification of psychological needs of teachers and students during crises is necessary in order to minimize future teaching and learning challenges (Sommers, 2002). During war, teachers and children both struggle through immense trauma. In this time of enhanced struggles, it is critical teachers concern themselves with effectively managing classrooms of often-traumatized children who have a right to a quality education (Brody & Baum, 2007). In the past, few studies however, focused specifically upon the emotional well-being and difficulties of teachers in war zones (Sumner, 2005; Ramos, 2010, Sharifian, 2017). This is clearly the case in describing Syrian teachers working and living inside the war zone.


Iodo(trifluoromethyl)phosphine, F3CP(H)I, can be prepared by the reaction of iodine with F3CPH2, or by exchange between F3CPH2 and F3CPl2 with which it is in equilibrium. Chlorine reacts with F3CPH2 to give F3CP(H)Cl, (F3CPH)2, and HCl. Replacement reactions of iodine in F3CP(H)I with silver(I) and mercury(II) halides lead to the preparation of mixtures containing F3CP(H)Cl and of pure F3CP(H)Br. With Ag[CN] and Hg[CN]2, F3CP(H)I gives (F3CP)4 and F3CP(CN)2 respectively; in the latter case there is evidence for a mercury–phosphorus intermediate. The diphosphane (F3CPH)2 can be prepared by reduction of F3CP(H)I with mercury or by its reaction with SbF3, CdF2, or NaF. Reactions between all possible pairs of compounds F3CPX2–F3CPY2(X or Y = F, Cl, Br, I, H, or CN) give the mixed species F3CP(X)Y, characterised by n.m.r. spectroscopy, in all cases except when X = F and Y = H, I or CN, although the reaction is often more complex than simple exchange. The vibrational spectra of F3CP(H)X and F3CP(D)X (X = Br or I) have been analysed in terms of group vibrations.


The present invention relates to a airway obstruction device (80), a frame structure (86); and provided with; a flexible membrane arranged in the frame structure on the (112). Frame structure (86) is occlusive device (80) together are capable when advancing into the airway contraction, when deployed into the airway is expandable and to form a rigid structure, Furthermore, there is a possible re-contraction as may allow air flow out of the airways. Flexible membrane (112) blocks the intake air so that can block the air flowing into the lung segment which communicates with the airway. Occlusion device (80) by re shrink further, by being withdrawn proximal direction through the catheter can be removed even after expansion into the airway.


Milli-structure components are classified as a component group for which the size is between macro- and micro-scales, i.e., less than about 20mm and larger than 1mm. That the biggest difficulty in design and manufacturing of deep drawing die for milli-component is to align the centers of punch and die has been presented on the basis of analysis,which has been solved by orienting and aligning through the blank holder and using of active punch.


Since the 21st century, embedded software products have been pervasive in the world we live in, however, this emerging industry is facing many challenges due to its own unique characteristics which distinguish it from non-embedded software development. The other hand, agile software development methods are adopted by organizations worldwide at an increasing speed. It seems meaningful to explore to apply agile methods to embedded software development and in this paper a systematic review was conducted to supply an initial guide to the researchers and industrial readership.


After the Spring Festival in 2020, the teaching work across the country has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. How to solve the problem of "suspended class, ongoing learning" is in front of the teaching staff.Meanwhile, with the investment and construction in the field of education in China, informatization has been widely applied and can be used as a variety of online teaching tools.According to the actual needs of online teaching of "Introduction to UAV System" course, combined with the characteristics of this course, this paper first constructed the teaching platform of "DingTalk + WeChat + E-mail". At the same time, focusing on the teaching process of "online lesson preparation + online teaching + online homework + online test", the specific characteristics and detailed practices of pre-class preparation, classroom organization, after-class consolidation and unit test are expounded in depth.In the teaching organization, I organized online teaching meetings for many times, listened to students' opinions and Suggestions, and organized online examinations for students after the end of the chapter, and analyzed the test results. Finally, the author points out the problems in online teaching, such as insufficient accumulation, inadequate response and inadequate supervision, and puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions.


Fermentation conditions of producing alkaline protease strain H-1 from geothermal field was optimized through single test. Effect of nitrogen sources, pH, temperature on production of alkaline protease was studied. It showed that the optimized producing temperature, pH, inorganic nitrogen sources and organic nitrogen sources was 40℃, pH8.0, ammonium sulfate and Soybean meal.


A simple zonally averaged hemispheric model of the climate system is constructed, based onenergy equations for two ocean basins separated at 30° latitude with the surface fluxes calculatedexplicitly. A combination of empirical input and theoretical calculation is used to determine anannual mean equilibrium climate for the model and to study its stability with respect to smallperturbations. The insolation, the mean albedos and the equilibrium temperatures for the twomodel zones are prescribed from observation. The principal agent of interaction between thezones is the vertically integrated poleward transport of atmospheric angular momentum acrosstheir common boundary. This is parameterized using an empirical formula derived from amultiyear atmospheric data set. The surface winds are derived from the angular momentumtransport assuming the atmosphere to be in a state of dynamic balance on the climatic timescalesof interest. A further assumption that the air–sea temperature difference and low level relativehumidity remain fixed at their mean observed values then allows the surface fluxes of latentand sensible heat to be calculated. Results from a radiative model, which show a positive lowertropospheric water vapour/infrared radiative feedback on SST perturbations in both zones, areused to calculate the net upward infrared radiative fluxes at the surface. In the model's equilibriumclimate, the principal processes balancing the solar radiation absorbed at the surface areevaporation in the tropical zone and net infrared radiation in the extratropical zone. Thestability of small perturbations about the equilibrium is studied using a linearized form of theocean energy equations. Ice-albedo and cloud feedbacks are omitted and attention is focussedon the competing effects of the water vapour/infrared radiative feedback and the turbulentsurface flux and oceanic heat transport feedbacks associated with the angular momentum cycle.The perturbation equations involve inter-zone coupling and have coefficients dependent on thevalues of the equilibrium fluxes and the sensitivity of the angular momentum transport.Analytical solutions for the perturbations are obtained. These provide criteria for the stabilityof the equilibrium climate. If the evaporative feedback on SST perturbations is omitted, theequilibrium climate is unstable due to the influence of the water vapour/infrared radiativefeedback, which dominates over the effects of the sensible heat and ocean heat transport feedbacks.The inclusion of evaporation gives a negative feedback which is of sufficient strength tostabilize the system. The stabilizing mechanism involves wind and humidity factors in theevaporative fluxes that are of comparable magnitude. Both factors involve the angularmomentum transport. In including angular momentum and calculating the surface fluxes explicitly,the model presented here differs from the many simple climate models based on theBudyko–Sellers formulation. In that formulation, an atmospheric energy balance equation isused to eliminate surface fluxes in favour of top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes and meridionalatmospheric energy transports. In the resulting models, infrared radiation appears as astabilizing influence on SST perturbations and the dynamical stabilizing mechanism found herecannot be identified. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999.t01-3-00002.x


The three component words in this title have for long been key concepts in anthropological and cultural studies which are noted for lack of unanimity on the definitions of the terms. Jack [John Rankine] Goody (born 1919) one of the world's most distinguished anthropologists, first visited Ghana in 1950 to observe public ceremonies of initiation among LoDagaa (Northwest Ghana) during which the Bagre (a mythical narrative) was often recited during the initiation rituals. Goody has interacted with this genre since then, and the present title is a further exploration in the field against the postulations of the "Functionalist" (Brinisilaw Malinowski 1884–1992 and his ilk) and "Structuralist" (Claude Levi-Strauss and his proponents) interpretations of "oral literature." The essays brought together in this nine-chapter volume comprise previously published stuff and hitherto unpublished bits by the iconic Goody who has uniquely contributed over the past 60 years or so to a better understanding of the subject matters in anthropological and humanistic studies. Chapter 1 "Religion and Ritual from Taylor to Parsons: the Definitional Problems" (pp. 13–40) reviews the discourse on the dichotomy between the sacred and the profane as adumbrated by anthropologists and cultural theorists, such as Edward Burnett Tylor, Talcott Parsons, and the French sociologist, Emile Durkheim; the last arguing in terms of religion being a unified system of beliefs and practices. Chapter 2 "Oral Literature" (pp. 41–57) problematizes the issue of designating standardized "oral forms" or "oral genres" (lecto-oral) as literature, after all the inherent quality of literature involves literacy, that is, a written, alphabetic mode. The oral genres discussed here in detail include myth, legend, folktales, songs, folk drama, and historical recitations. Chapter 3 "The Anthropologist and the Audio Recorder" (pp. 58–63). Chapter 4 "Oral Creativity" (pp. 64–69) examines how this phenomenon is often thrown into some relief by the presence of a "textual" form, a transcribed version that "replaces the creative heterogeneity of the myth with an authoritarian [and perhaps authoritative] orthodoxy" (p. 63). Chapter 5 "The Folktales andCultural History" (pp. 70–83) is a critique of the view that culture is "an undifferentiated whole," according to the French cultural historian R. Danton who also argues that folk tale is an example of "primitive thought." Chapter 6 illustrates the characters of animals, humans, and gods in Northern Ghana, specifically in the oral narratives of the acephalous LoDagaa, and the Gonja tribe which has been remarkably influenced by Islam. (pp. 84–94). Chapter 7 "The Bagre in all its Variety" (pp. 95–116) examines the secret association and the long recital that goes by the name in all its diverse lecto-oral. Chapter 8 "From Oral to Written: An Anthropological Breakthrough in Story-Telling" (pp. 117–152) reviews five aspects of the "literary" form. Chapter 9 "Writing and Oral Memory: The Importance of the "lecto-oral" (pp. 162–64) discusses how written forms, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs Vol. 32, No. 3, September 2012, 411–418


Ultrasound technology is deployed in a variety of scientific and engineering applications predominantly in liquid media. The use of ultrasound in gaseous environments has not yet reached the same level of maturity especially in the context of industrial measurements. The present study focuses on fundamental investigation of propagation properties of airborne acoustic waves and their interaction with solids. For this purpose, the scattering behavior of ultrasonic waves from rigid spheres is examined. Four different sphere radii a are studied, being 0.001, 0.1, 1 and 100 times the wavelength λ . The geometry is a 2D-axisymmetric enclosure with the sphere placed in the center of the z− axis. The model is based on the Convected Wave Equation, Time Explicit interface which features the discontinuous Galerkin method to solve the set of linearized Euler equations due to its capability to handle large-distance propagation problems in a memoryefficient way. To verify the results, the simulations are compared with an analytical model for rigid scattering from a sphere. In addition, a mesh convergence assesment was performed. Analytical and numerical results show perfect agreement laying the groundwork for improved acoustic simulations that include loss mechanisms.


Background The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of the modified balloon assisted coiling (mBAC) technique in endovascular treatment (EVT) of ruptured wide-necked aneurysms (WNAs) to avoid stent placement in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods The local neurointerventional radiology database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent EVT due to ruptured WNAs by the authors. According to the EVT technique performed, the study sample was divided into 3 groups: conventional BAC, stent assisted coiling (SAC), and mBAC. The patient demographics, aneurysm features, technical and clinical complications, aneurysm occlusion grades, morbidity, and mortality rates were comparatively analyzed. Results This study involved a total of 113 patients who had ruptured WNAs. The mBAC technique was performed on 26 aneurysms (23 saccular and 3 fusiform) in 26 patients to avoid acute phase stenting. The mean continuous balloon inflation time was 7.1 ± 2.12 min. The initial and follow-up angiographic and clinical outcomes were better in the mBAC group than in the SAC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The mBAC technique offers a prolonged, continuous balloon inflation time during the whole coiling process in the treatment of ruptured WNAs. The mBAC technique has the potential to obviate the need for SAC in patients who are candidates for stenting during the acute phase of SAH, and it might be considered a safe and effective endovascular approach with low complication rates and good angiographic and clinical outcomes.


ABSTRACT Library leaders can conduct their own Site Security Assessment of their library facilities, without needing to use a security consultant.


It is commonly assumed, when considering the movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen through waxy coatings applied to fruits and vegetables as a preservative measure, that the movement of water vapor, as measured by loss in weight, is an index of the efficiency of the coating in impeding the movement of all gases. This obviously is not necessarily so, and some direct method of measuring the permeability of such coatings to oxygen and carbon dioxide would be of value in studying the behavior of fruits and vegetables which have been waxed to increase their storage life. This has been accomplished, using a small cucurbit fruit as a test object, by determining the effect of the coating upon the composition of gases in the internal cavity.


Physical soil crusts will form on most soils during and after rainfall, which has important impacts on hydrological and erosion processes by affecting soil pore structure. However, the soil pore characteristics of physical crusts of two typical erodible soils (quaternary red clay [QRC] and granite red soil [GRS]) in southern China are still unclear due to the limitations of objective and accurate quantitative methods. We scanned physical crusted (structural crust [SC] and depositional crust [DC]) soil samples from the QRC and GRS at various slopes using X‐ray computed tomography, and extracted and analysed soil pore characteristics using two‐ and three‐dimensional indexes. The averages of the two‐dimensional pore indexes, that is, pore number, porosity, circularity, and equivalent diameter across the four soil sample types were 116–205, 4.83%–8.31%, 0.83–0.87, and 0.19–0.28 mm, respectively, indicating the characteristics of a large number of small pores with nearly circular shape. The mean values of pore number and circularity were significantly smaller for the structural crust samples than the depositional crust samples, and the porosity and equivalent diameter were significantly larger for the structural crust samples than the depositional crust samples. The three‐dimensional pore indexes also differed among the four soil sample types, where the mean fractal dimension and surface area values for QRC were 2.62 and 1959.77 mm2, respectively, which were significantly larger than those for GRS (2.52 and 1457.97 mm2). The pore number and circularity decreased, the equivalent diameter increased, and the surface area and connectivity density increased initially and then decreased with the slope, mainly due to differences in the run‐off and sediment process, and crust formation process on slopes with different gradients. The results provide a scientific basis for the objective quantification of physical soil crusts to facilitate further studies on physical crusts affect run‐off and sediment processes.


The effect of ultrasound irradiation on MoO<inf>3</inf> and MoS<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles is investigated. Under ultrasonic irradiation, spherical-like MoO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles are obtained, while bulk-like MoO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles were prepared without ultrasonic irradiation. The changes in the physicochemical properties of MoO<inf>3</inf> are investigated by X-ray power diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). Then MoS<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles are synthesized by the reaction of sulfur powder (S) and ultrasonically prepared spherical-like MoO<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles in a hydrogen atmosphere at a heating temperature of 620°C. Tribological experiments emphasize the important role played by these MoS<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles in providing excellent lubricating performance.


The invention discloses a novel genistein alkylamine compound (I), pragmatically acceptable salt of the novel genistein alkylamine compound, a preparation method of the novel genistein alkylamine compound and use for preparing related disease medicaments for treating or/and preventing neurodegeneration of the genistein alkylamine compound. The neurodegenerative diseases comprise but not limited to vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinsonism disease, Huntington disease, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) related Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuropathic pain, glaucoma, and the like. In the formula, Ar is expressed as any one of the structural units shown in (A) to (C), and n equals to 1 to 2.


The present investigation deals with the removal of the lower portion of a glued laminated column in an existing uranium industrial processing plant in Saskatchewan, Canada. The lower 8 m of the column was eliminated to avoid transmission of high dynamic magnification forces created from installing a new rod mill in the crushing area of the plant. The construction details of transferring and securing the building column loads to the adjacent concrete wall and new steel trestle are examined. Some design aspects of a new built-up girder and other supporting elements are discussed. A summary of the construction procedure employed is given, which would be extremely valuable in similar structural alteration or rehabilitation jobs for old industrial plants. The construction of a new mill and the structural alterations were carried out during the spring of 1984. Since then, the new mill and the existing structure have performed satisfactorily. Key words: shearing existing column, rod mill, rehabilitation, built-...


The "N1+(de)+N2"modifier-head construction can be bifurcated:typical possessive association and atypical possessive association.This artcle studied the different forms,such as the Metaphor in possession construction,grammarticalization of denotative.


The growing energy demand in developing nations has triggered the issue of energy security. This has made essential to utilize the untapped potential of renewable resources. Grid connected PV systems have become the best alternatives in renewable energy at large scale. Performance analysis of these grid connected plants could help in designing, operating and maintenance of new grid connected systems. A 100 kWp photovoltaic grid connected power plant commissioned at J.B Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana is one of the largest solar power plants with the site receiving a good average solar radiation of 4.97 kW h/m2/day and annual average temperature of about 27.3 degrees centigrade. In this study the solar PV plant design aspects along with its annual performance is elaborated. The various types of power losses (temperature, internal network, power electronics, grid connected etc.) and performance ratio are also calculated. The performance results of the plant are also compared with the simulation values obtained from PV syst and PV-GIS software. The final yield (YF) of plant ranged from 1.96 to 5.07 h/d, and annual performance ratio (PR) of 86.12%. It has 17.68% CUF with annual energy generation of 142.14 MW h/Annum.


The purpose of this study is to apply a local heat treatment (LHT), in-situ, on the weld bead, using a defocused Yb: YAG laser beam on a continuous regime, in order to reduce residual stresses and decompose the brittle a' martensite, into a lamellae and fine β phase. Laser scan experiments were firstly performed on a commercially pure titanium grade 2, with a wide range of parameters, in order to provide a "heat treatment window" without titanium melting. After optimization of the processing parameters, to obtain a sufficient width and depth for the scanning zone, experiments have been performed on a β-treated, fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V sheet. For each processing experiments, the decomposition of a', was studied based on metallographic cross sections. A local heating with a minimum energy density at 700 J.cm-2, has a sufficient effect to destabilize a', while for an energy density at 1000 J.cm-2 , a diffusional transformation take place, with the formation of Widmanstätten microstructure. Finally, these optimized conditions were applied on a full penetration Ti-6Al-4V welds. The results of the LHT will be described in terms of the microstructural changes observed in the welded zone and hardness evolution.


White clover (Trifolium repens) is a valuable pasture component that is frequently present in insufficient quantity for optimal animal nutrition. Several methods of reintroducing white clover into a permanent pasture without conventional tillage were investigated. Three seeders (Hunter, Vredo and a conventional seed drill), two white clover cultivars (Sacramento, and Sonja), two pasture pre-treatments (a hard spring grazing or grazing plus light harrowing) and two defoliation regimes (grazing or mowing) were used to determine optimal seedling establishment conditions. Defoliation treatments were used as a method of investigating pasture improvement experiments. Measurements were taken to determine proportion of white clover present and total herbage mass.

Plots renovated using a Hunter drill had the highest white clover content in the months immediately after renovation. Subsequently pre-treatment method appeared to have no significant effect on herbage mass or species composition. The proportion of white clover in plots sown with the cultivar Sacramento was frequently higher than that in plots sown with the cultivar Sonja, but, overall, herbage production of cultivars was not different.

Mowed plots had higher herbage production and tended towards a greater white clover content than grazed plots. Compaction of the surface to a depth of 10 cm in the grazed plots may have been a factor in the observed difference in herbage production. Regardless of management, within two years white clover content was similar among all treatments, including controls.


In this article, I trace and critique the discourse of "The Superweapon Peace"—the long-standing and enduring idea that weapons of radical destructiveness, both nuclear and non-nuclear, can force an end to war by rendering it too destructive to contemplate. The Superweapon Peace, I argue, is constituted by three elements. The first is an assumption of war as a controllable and resolvable problem. Within this formulation, superweapons function as disincentivizers, "solving" war by raising its destructive cost to an unendurable level. For all its intuitive appeal, this logic is flawed, grounded in a certitude of control that fails to comport with empirical reality. The second element of The Superweapon Peace is utopian ambition. Its proponents hold that through the threat of mass violence, war can be overcome in a fundamental sense. This, I argue, gives license to a ruthless consequentialism at odds with conventional morality, which restricts the use or threatened use of violence against those not liable to such an end. The third and final element of The Superweapon Peace is silver-bullet thinking, which frames the superweapon as the most effective, and likely only, method by which to eliminate or significantly mitigate large-scale armed conflict. This mode of thinking has overly narrowed the scope of possibility regarding alternative remedies to war. The Superweapon Peace, I ultimately conclude, is a false promise, giving license to modes of thinking and action that imperil rather than facilitate peace.


Over the last twenty years fundamental changes have taken place in this society that have altered the social landscape of this country and entrenched the grounds of its nationhood, making clearer the nature of Englishness as an exclusive form, forbidden for many. A series of economic policies, pursued for political as well as fiscal ends, have actively impoverished the bottom third of our society. De-industrialization and new technologies have been used to create conditions of employment that have disempowered the working-class. Certainly areas like South Yorkshire, South Wales and industrial Scotland have seen formerly proud working communities slide into confused, atomized, isolated ways of living based in low wages and state benefit amidst rising crime rates and drug and alcohol-related social problems that are clearly indices of a general change in the communities' former way of life. A sense of what all this might mean is elucidated by looking at a locality that exemplifies the changes that have occurred. The South Yorkshire town of Rotherham was heavily hit by the economic changes of the late 1970sand 80s and its recent history manifests many of the consequences of these changes. Deindustrialization and economic restructuring meant a decline in the number of available jobs and thus increases unemployment. In October 1980 the unemployment rate was estimated to be 8% in Rotherham, compared with the national rate of 5.5%. The highest levelsof unemployment were recorded in January 1986, when 24,580 people were registered as unemployed, an unemployment rate of 23.5%. At that point the national unemployment rate was 13.9%. The late 1980s saw a reduction in the numbers of unemployed nationally, and by July 1990 the national figure stood at 6.4% whilst Rotherham's unemployed numbered 12,017, or 12.8%. In January of 1992 unemployment in the area had risen to 14.7% and rose again to 15.6% in January of 1993, when 14,980people were officially registered as unemployed. Furthermore, Rotherham has one of the highest rates of long-term unemployment in the country. The link between high unemployment and a low wage economy and poverty are clear in reports like the following:


As distributed databases expand in popularity, there is ever-growing research into new database architectures that are designed from the start with built-in self-tuning and self-healing features. In real world deployments, however, migration to these entirely new systems is impractical and the challenge is to keep massive fleets of existing databases available under constant software and hardware change. Apache Cassandra is one such existing database that helped to popularize "scale-out" distributed databases and it runs some of the largest existing deployments of any open-source distributed database.In this paper, we demonstrate the techniques needed to transform the typical, highly manual, Apache Cassandra deployment into a self-healing system. We start by composing specialized agents together to surface the needed signals for a self-healing deployment and to execute local actions. Then we show how to combine the signals from the agents into the cluster level control-planes required to safely iterate and evolve existing deployments without compromising database availability. Finally, we show how to create simulated models of the database's behavior, allowing rapid iteration with minimal risk. With these systems in place, it is possible to create a truly self-healing database system within existing large-scale Apache Cassandra deployments.


The M96 group is examined at 21 cm to study the galaxies' neutral hydrogen content and to search for evidence of interactions that might help explain the origin of the large intergalactic H I feature found there. M96, an Sab spiral, has 90 percent of its H I concentrated outside of the central bright optical disk - possibly captured intergalactic gas. The ringlike distribution of the intergalactic gas may be shaped by interactions with M96. An extremely faint dwarf irregular galaxy was also found. Questions about the distance and membership of the M96 group are addressed. It is shown that many previous group catalogs must be in error. A mass-to-light ratio of less than 30 is found for the M96 group. A number of previous estimates are inflated by inclusion of background galaxies. 58 refs.


Modern therapeutic views on the pathogenesis of acne indicate the role of permanent inflammation and expand the arsenal of medicines and combined techniques necessary for the successful treatment of this chronic skin disease. The complex process of immune inflammation in acne with the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines is due to the interaction of trigger factors and factors of innate immunity. It was found that C. acne is able to interact with markers of increased immunity, such as Toll-like and protease-activated receptors. Based on a detailed analysis of the literature in search systems like PubMed, eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, it was found that one of the key roles in inflammation in acne belongs to matrix metalloproteinases. Thus, C. acnes are involved in many processes in the pathogenesis of acne, including inflammation, hyperkeratosis and hyperproduction of sebum, which necessitates its eradication and is an important component of complex therapy. Minocycline (Minolexin) is a highly effective drug for the treatment of moderate to severe forms of acne, including a low-dose regimen, and is included in the European Treatment Guidelines. Minocycline is considered the most powerful inhibitor of MMP, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and a high level of lipophilicity, quickly penetrates the lipid layer of the bacterium and intensively accumulates in the sebaceous glands.


During the period covered by this instalment of our list, the accomplishments of the North West Company, both in geographical exploration and in the realization of profits were great. It consolidated its position in the fur-rich Athabasca district and, with a few posts along Mackenzie River, began to draw in the furs of that immense territory. Its traders invaded not only the western part of Rupert's Land but even Hudson Bay itself. The Hudson's Bay Company rose only slowly to the challenge of its formidable rival, but, gradually, it began to adopt new policies and new techniques and to meet the North West Company on its own grounds and on its own terms. Finally, after a bitter struggle that was almost the destruction of both companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1821, effectively absorbed the North West Company in a coalition that gave the older company greater strength than ever and a wider monopoly than Prince Rupert had thought of.


To explore Shanxi's energy conservation two general models, namely the industrial structure evolution-energy consumption relating model and industrial structure evolution-GDP energy intensity relating model are constructed. The analyzing results are salutary. First, the coefficient of industrial structure evolution-energy consumption is high, but that of the industrial structure evolution-GDP energy intensity is low. Secondly, it is necessary to change the industrial structure of Shanxi because high energy intensity is mainly caused by heavy industries. Key ways today to improve energy efficiency cover three major issues: highly decreasing the energy-intensity production, coordinating the remaining enterprises and adjusting the industrial structure to realize high value added and high energy efficiency.


Abstract : An increase in the number of people with chronic medical conditions who seek care from the health care industry has occurred during the past few years. As a response to the needs of these patients, the AFMS offers inpatient and outpatient care. Unfortunately, the AFMS is oriented toward inpatient and outpatient care as a discrete, acute illness modality. There appears to be a schism where acute care is offered and chronic care is required. By chronic care is meant a flexible mix of health and social services that allows the patient to function independently in his/her activities of daily living. This flexible mix lies beyond the alternatives of hospitalization and outpatient care. It can be called Home Health Care. There is no formal Home Health Care Program in the AFMS. It is the purpose of this problem-solving project to determine whether there is a need for Home Health Care as a component of the services now provided in the AFMS facility. There are numerous chronic medical conditions among patients eligible for care from the AFMS. In this paper, the adult patient with a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus will serve as a representative of chronic medical conditions.


This study describes an in-vitro assay for estimating numbers of Candida albicans adherent to mouse intestinal mucosa. No significant differences were observed in the capacity of C. albicans to adhere to genetically distinct mouse strains nor in the binding ability of three C. albicans strains. Chitin soluble extracts, prepared from chitin isolated from C. albicans or from chitin obtained commercially, inhibited adhesion of the yeasts to duodenal tissue by 48% and 43%, respectively.


The increasing trend towards mixed-critical systems, in which applications with different levels of criticality coexist and interact on the same platform, calls for fault-tolerant hardware platforms. On the other hand, due to the demanded performance in such systems, network-on-chips are employed to interconnect several computation resources. Consequently, the detection and localization of faults in the communication and computation resources becomes a challenge, if a high number of shared resources (e.g., routers, physical links) are used. This paper proposes a new hardware architecture for run-time fault detection and localization in mixed-criticality networks-on-chips. The proposed architecture detects the transient and permanent faults in the network and distinguishes between faults of different resources. The fault detection and localization mechanisms have been evaluated using Gem5 simulation and example scenarios.


The solution of problems involving the propagation of discontinuities and other singularities for hyperbolic partial differential equations by means of progressing wave expansions is discussed in the book by Courant(l). He also refers to the work of Hadamard, Friedlander, Ludwig and others on this subject. More recently, Ludwig (2), Lewis(3) and others have considered 'uniform' progressing wave expansions for various problems. These expansions are valid in regions where the standard expansions are not suitable and they can be re-expanded in the standard form outside these regions. Examples of such regions are given by envelopes of bicharacteristic curves or, equivalently, caustics and by shadow boundaries such as occur in diffraction problems. In each of these regions, which we term 'transition regions' different types of uniform expansions are required.


Cork University Press. Paperback. Book Condition: new. BRAND NEW, Models for Movers: Irish Women's Emigration to America, Ide O'Carroll, Models for Movers: Irish Women's Emigration to America is a unique collection of Irish women's oral histories spanning three waves of twentieth-century emigration to America in the 1920s, 1950s and 1980s. By combining a critical analysis of conditions for women in Ireland with women's own accounts of life at the time, the author Ide B. O'Carroll highlights the sheer necessity of...


This article reflects on the violence and aggression that manifests itself in the human being both individually, as well as, collectively. The cen tral idea is that human beings are always seeking explanations for its violent behavior, even creating an ethics that would justify and morally orient such incredible destructive attitude.


This instrument has been devised in order to facilitate the correction of the observed volume of a mass of gas, measured at any common temperature and pressure, to the volume the gas would occupy if measured under standard conditions. A reading of the instrument furnishes a number which serves for the making of this correction, and stands instead of readings of the barometer and of the thermometer, and a reference to a table of the tension of aqueous vapour at different temperatures. The instrument consists of two small glass tubes standing side by side; the one is open above, having been drawn out and bent down-wards to exclude dust; the other tube terminates in a bulb whose Capacity is about four and a half times that of the tube. The two tubes are connected below by means of caoutchouc tubing with a small cylinder containing mercury, closed above by a leather cap, which can be pressed down by a button attached to a screw moving m a fixed socket W hen the screw and button are lowered the mercury rises in both tubes. The ends of the tubes and the reservoir of mercury are contained in a square box, upon the bottom of which they rest and whose top carries the socket in which the screw turns. At the back of the box is a wooden upright which supports the tubes The tube which terminates in a bulb is graduated and figured so as to m ark the capacity of the bulb and tube, down to each line of graduation.


We explore the efficacy of modern machine learning methods for the task of modeling sepsis progression. We applied a novel imputation and feature selection scheme based on signal processing technology and our medical expertise. We compared the performance of several approaches including neural networks, sparse quantile regression, and baseline classification algorithms such as random forest and SVMs. Among all the experimented methods, CNN-LSTM neural network performed the best with the full test utility score of the challenge being 0.076. We conclude that the application of neural network, random forest, sparse quantile regression, neighborhood algorithms, and naive Bayes classifiers yields superior performance with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. [Team: Sepsis ReSepsion]


The operation of motorways dates back to 1973 with the inauguration of the first Istanbul Strait Bridge in Turkey. Today, about 2100 km of the motorway network is in operation including two suspension bridges. Tolling is the primary Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implementation on the motorway network. Turkey is a pioneer country in its region in terms of tolling implementation. Six million payment devices are in circulation. Traffic management and traveler information systems, which are integrated to tolling systems, are put into service in recent years. Various features of motorway electronic tolling systems will be described in this paper. Interoperability achievement of toll systems, integrated toll and traffic management systems, cashless payment progress and future objective will be presented.


The utility model relates to a protective jacket for an electronic product. The protective jacket is used for being sleeved at the periphery of the electronic product to protect the electronic product. The protective jacket comprises a first sheath and a second sheath, wherein the first sheath surrounds the periphery of the electronic product, the second sheath surrounds the periphery of the first sheath, and the hardness of the second sheath is larger than that of the first sheath. Compared with the prior art, the protective jacket for the electronic product has the advantages that the sheathes with different soft and hard degrees are formed by the combined first sheath and second sheath and are combined to the periphery of the electronic product step by step, so that the sheathes can be easily installed on the electronic product and difficulty fall, and the electronic product can be well protected.


Objective To establish a carotid stenosis model which is convenient for evaluating the hemodynamics of stenosis arteries. Methods By using suture,we bound the carotid arteries with plastic tubes in different calibers to establish the carotid stenosis model in various degrees,and then to evaluate the stenosis with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and the hemodynamics with transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Results In the DSA results(CCA criterion),the light was 30%,the moderate 59%,the severe 84%; In TCD results,we could clearly detect the hemodynamics before and after establishing the models and the pulsatility index(PI) and resistance index(RI) both reduced after establishing the models except the proximal of the severe. But in all models we could find that in the proximal of stenosis the blood velocity reduced and the PI and RI increased; in the spot of stenosis,the blood velocity increased while the PI and RI reduced; in the distal of stenosis,the blood velocity,PI and RI also reduced. Conclusion Using our method we can establish a stenosis model quickly,stably and the hemodynamics are convenient to be detected. These models are more ideal to evaluate the hemodynamics in the carotid stenosis.


We characterize high quantum efficiency double GaAs/InGaP heterostructures used in semiconductor laser cooling. To identify potential samples for laser cooling, measuring the nonradiative recombination rate coefficient is necessary. We describe a technique called power dependent photoluminescence measurement, which when combined with timeresolved photoluminescence lifetime determines the nonradiative recombination coefficient.