Rationale and Objectives: Post-COVID condition (PCC) is associated with long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in PCC examines the brain metabolism, connectivity, and morphometry. Such techniques are not easily available in routine practice. We conducted a scoping review to determine what is known about the routine MRI findings in PCC patients. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was searched up to 11 April 2023. We included cohort, cross-sectional, and before–after studies in English. Articles with only advanced MRI sequences (DTI, fMRI, VBM, PWI, ASL), preprints, and case reports were excluded. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and PRISMA Extension tools were used for quality assurance. Results: A total of 7 citations out of 167 were included. The total sample size was 451 patients (average age 51 ± 8 years; 67% female). Five studies followed a single recovering cohort, while two studies compared findings between two severity groups. The MRI findings were perivascular spaces (47%), microbleeds (27%) and white matter lesions (10%). All the studies agreed that PCC manifestations are not associated with specific MRI findings. Conclusion: The results of the included studies are heterogeneous due to the low agreement on the types of MRI abnormalities in PCC. Our findings indicate that the routine brain MRI protocol has little value for long COVID diagnostics.


Insertion of an olefin into a metal-carbon bond is a fundamental and a reasonably well-known process in d- and f-transition metal organometallic chemistry. It is generally assumed that coordination of the olefin to the metal center is a prerequisite to insertion, though no olefin complexes of an f-transition metal have been isolated, in contrast to the enormous number of olefin complexes of the d-transition metals as well as the monovalent coinage metals. Recently the eta/sup 6/-arene and eta/sup 2/-acetylene complexes (Me/sub 6/C/sub 6/)Sm(AlCl/sub 4/)/sub 3/ and (Me/sub 5/C/sub 5/)/sub 2/ Yb(MeC identical with CMe) have been characterized showing that neutral ..pi..-complexes of the lanthanides can be isolated. The authors have observed that the bent, base-free compound (Me/sub 5/C/sub 5/)/sub 2/Yb initiates the polymerization of ethylene, though not that of propylene or styrene, the mechanisms of which is unknown though it presumably involves an eta/sup 2/-ethylene coordination complex. These studies encouraged us to try to isolate an olefin complex of an f-transition metal. In order to isolate such a complex, they postulated that an olefin with sterically small electron-donor groups rather than electron-withdrawing groups would maximize the Lewis basicity of the olefin donor orbitals. One way of creating such an olefinmore » is to use a Pt(0) complex with ethylene, (eta/sup 2/-C/sub 2/H/sub 4/)Pt(PPh/sub 3/)/sub 2/; the olefin is electron rich since Pt(0) is a good ..pi..-donor.« less


The physical-mathematical model of scattering radiative transfer in spherical geometry atmosphere is described. Multiple scattering and reflection of radiation form surface axe considered and two reflection models: ideal mirror and isotropic axe analyzed. Some formulas for singlescattering approximation and al algorithm for calculations of multiple scattering radiation by Monte-Carlo technique axe described in details. The main characteristics of a computer code realizing this model are considered. The system of some tests for examination of radiation code work are suggested.


The development characteristics and the current situation for digital substation technology are presented.The integrated automation system of 110kV substation is analyzed,and the practical application on digital substation technology is also given.


This information deals with the necessity of working out an effective system of informing the population with all-round assistance of those specialists working on radiocontaminated territories.


This paper deals with a study directed to shortening the time interval in which emergency services are warned via the incident rooms immediately after an incident has occurred on the Dutch arterial road system. While currently most reports of incidents are made by cellular phone or highway emergency telephone, elements appear in this phase that can conspire to impede rapid response. The study provides a preferred design for location marking which is better adapted to incident management.


In its Gallery essays, Environmental History has yet to examine the visual culture of scientific data. Joshua Howe corrects this oversight with a wonderful essay on the Keeling Curve, first made famous by Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth and now one of the most iconic images of scientific data worldwide. According to Howe, the Keeling Curve, that upward sloping oscillating line that documents global warming, tells two distinct narratives—one seemingly natural, the other cultural. Just as important, Howe reminds environmental historians that scientific data, whether presented visually in graphs, charts, or tables, can be read as cultural evidence much like historical photographs, works of art, or handwritten diaries.


State-of-the-art, prospects, and challenges of next-generation optical access technology based on tunable lasers are discussed. These considerations can also be applied to various backhaul and mobile fronthaul applications since these have similar characteristics and requirements, and have to share at least part of the optical distribution networks. Potential advantages of tunable lasers over competing approaches (e.g., seeded reflective transmitters) include higher bit-rate × reach products and better tolerance to reflections in the fiber plant. Today, the main issue is still the lack of available low-cost tunables with sufficient tuning range and launch power. However, significant progress has been made in the last few years to bring such lasers closer to commercialization. In this paper, we will review low-cost tunable laser approaches and report on latest technical results. We will also give an overview on current standardization activities and give an outlook on next-generation optical access, backhaul and fronthaul networks which also support active-site consolidation.


The purification of chlorogenic acid(CA) from sunflower seed meal with four kinds of commercial macroporous resins was studied.Results showed that HPD400 is the optimal resin owing to its bigger adsorption ratio and bigger desorption ratio. The adsorption characteristics of HPD400 resin were studied. It was found that the best conditions are adjusting CA concentration 2 mg/ml in sample at pH 3.0 and taking 40% ethanol at pH 6 as eluent.


The aim of the present article is to order to design an operational discipline program for the improvement of the operational processes of the main five workover activities that the Atina Energy Services company developed during 2018, more specifically in the Casabe Field located in the Upper Magdalena Valley Basin. For this purpose, it was necessary to review the flash reports where it was possible to identify that the main activities carried out during 2018 were; tubing in single and double; installation, testing and uninstallation of BOP (Blowout preventer); sand cleaning with a sand pump, and the installation as well as uninstallation of Horse Head. Considering the mentioned data, the technical operability of the equipment involved in these operations was verified and as a result its correct operation was validated. After, the availability and quality stages were developed, leaving the necessary formats and control mechanisms for the correct application of the communication and compliance stages, based on the technical guide of operational discipline of the Pemex company.


Anne Dotter, Ph.D. American Studies Program, May 2009 University of Kansas This dissertation analyzes the cultural translation performed by French film distributors – whom I call transcultural intermediaries in the process of marketing Hollywood teen-girl films, perceived in France as a uniquely American product. This visual brokering alters the representation of teenage girls so as for the construction of the French audience for teen-girl films to be possible. In the process of translating promotional artifacts, the teen-girl is inscribed within the French antiamericanism discourse, an unwitting act of resistance to the cultural hegemony Hollywood represents abroad. My analysis contributes to conversations in cultural and media studies as well as in transnational feminism by showing how young women's bodies bear the brunt of commercial and national feuds across borders through advertisement. This project challenges the assumption among teen-film scholars that there are universal teenage values; questions the disciplinary separation between film and marketing of films; elaborates on the works of scholars who see transnational exchanges on various levels as leading to hybridizations of cultures without defining the meanings emerging from this hybridization; finally, helps better understand the mechanism of gender identity construction using translation as the bridge between decoding and re-encoding, thereby critiquing the stereotyping of teen-girls as they are reinvented to fit local cultural imaginaries.


Robust stability of a class of Hopfield neural network model with parameter perturbations and multiple time-delay is analyzed by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional and sector conditions.The sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of equilibrium point is given.By the definition and properties of matrix norm,a corollary expressed in the form of norm is derived.An estimating method of the domain of attraction for equilibrium point is obtained.The simulation results have proved the effectiveness of the conclusions.


The origin of DNA axis curvature in complexes of the catabolite activator protein with DNA is studied using multiple molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the free and protein-bound forms of the DNA. The results are compared to available solution and crystal structure data. The MD simulations reproduce the experimentally observed bend in DNA and indicate that ∼40% of the bending observed in the complex is intrinsic to the DNA sequence, whereas ∼60% is induced on protein binding. The MD provides a model for the dynamical structure of the DNA free in solution and for ligand-induced bending.


This is our legacy to our children? A "porn generation"? I was talking with a sweet young 14-year-old girl the other day. She was depressed. "All the boys I've been friends with at school, really friends with, they're now acting so inappropriately."


The apparent second-order rate constants (k N ) have been dissected into the microscopic rate constants (i.e., k 1 and k 2 /k -1 ) associated with the reactions of Y-substituted phenyl cinnamates (5a-g) with piperidine and morpholine on the assumption that the reactions proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a change in the rate-determining step (RDS). The k 1 value is larger for the reactions with the more basic piperidine, and increases with decreasing the basicity of the leaving aryloxides. However, the k 2 /k -1 ratio is almost the same for the reaction of 3,4-dinitrophenyl cinnamate (5a) with piperidine and for that with morpholine, which is not possible if the reactions proceed through a stepwise mechanism. Thus, the aminolysis of 5a-g has been proposed to proceed through a concerted mechanism. The activation parameters (ΔH‡ and ΔS‡) have been measured for the reactions of 3,4-dinitrophenyl benzoate (la) and cinnamate (5a) with morpholine from the kinetic study performed at 5 different temperatures in 80 mol % H 2 O/20 mol % DMSO. The reaction of 5a results in a lager enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡) but a less negative entropy of activation (ΔS‡) than that of la.


In the realm of painting,coloring is an important category in expressiveness and expounding the individuality and nature of the creator.It has a certain active role for cultivating students' sense of coloring in painting to earnestly study the nature and law of coloring.


Purpose To determine effectiveness of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent LASIK following PK and had over 1 year of follow-up data. Results Twenty-six patients (26 pairs of eyes) underwent LASIK following PK. Mean age of the patients at the time of LASIK was 40.7 years (range, 26 to 72 years). Following LASIK, the mean cylinder was reduced by 2.4 diopters and mean reduction of cylinder after LASIK was 65.4% from the preoperative values at the last follow-up visit. Uncorrected visual acuity became 20 / 50 or better in 69.2% of the eyes after LASIK. Best-corrected visual acuity became 20 / 50 or better in 73.1% of the eyes after LASIK. All of them were intolerable to contact lenses before LASIK. After LASIK, 6 pairs (23.1%) did not need to use contact lenses and 18 pairs (69.2%) were tolerable to using contact lenses or spectacles. There were no significant endothelial cell density changes 12 months after LASIK (p = 0.239). Conclusions LASIK is effective in the treatment of astigmatism following PK and increases contact lens and spectacle tolerance.


The intent of this paper is to induce local governments to issue a more sophisticated regulation plan of the underground markets at which drugs, weapons, and women are offered for sale. The New York City's prostitution and drug related issues, considered in this paper, are similar in nature to the issues of every large city in the world. The alarming statistics of crimes in New York City are also identical to the statistics of any over a million population city within the states where the criminal syndicates are uninterruptedly inhabiting peaceful and healthy communities. As a well developed country, United States is better off educating its citizens rather than continuously correcting their behavior. From the offered in this paper premises, it follows that the nationwide integrated prevention plan is necessary to precaution family members and community leaders of danger that awaits morally uneducated females.


related. Were one to take a similar sampling in another socio economic environment, such as a private Honolulu high school, one might find another pattern. About one-fourth of all high school stu dents in Honolulu are enrolled in private high schools, many of which have hefty tuition rates. The parents who pay for their single or ethnically mixed children perceive that they are providing their child ren with middle class values and opportunities. The entire class struc ture of Ha waii has, in fact, undergone dramatic changes since the end of World War II when J apanese-American soldiers returning from that war demanded a share in the educational, political, and economic power structure which had been dominated by Caucasians for more than one hundred years. As other immigrant and racial groups h ave become established (such as Pilipinos), the children and grandchild ren have entered the power structure. Thus , generational lines also affect the social structure. Ha waii is an intriguing social laboratory . The interested researcher will want to see not only Social Process in Ha waii, the j ournal that reports on research in ethnicity, community, and social structure, but will also want to see Peop le and Culture of Ha waii: A Psychocultural Profile, ed. John F. McDermott, Jr. , et. al. (1980).


Studies of micro-cutting have so far largely been carried out on single-phase materials. Due to the size effect, the workpiece material microstructure can have a significant influence on the cutting force, chip formation and surface quality. Previous investigations have shown that hard particles in materials such as aluminum alloy can play a significant role in the generation of defects such as cracks and voids on the work surface. This paper will examine the extent of the problem during the micro-cutting of Al6061 T6 and propose how it can be mitigated.


This paper has discussed the optimization of waste drainage system with pressurized pumping station,built a math model, and put forward an effective optimizing method and programmed the system. Finally by instantiation and comparison from a practice, we have found that the result is satisfying.


According to the characteristics of mountain rivers,this paper discusses the general methods of embankment reconstructions in urban sections of mountain rivers to improve the urban landscape.Methods based on the concept of combining both ecology and the landscape include the expansion of waterfront space,ecological construction,rehabilitation,and molding of the riparian landscape.Using the reconstructed embankment project of the Yi River in Luanchuan as an example,the systematic reconstructions were conducted vertically and horizontally to create the green river corridors and riparian landscape nodes,and to determine the final locations and the shapes of the embankment in urban areas.The results indicate that all functions of the waterfront space have been greatly promoted and the waterfront landscape in urban sections has been improved by the reconstructed embankment project of the Yi River.


The article systematizes data about the number of St. Petersburg foreign population in the first half of the 18th century, for the first time cites quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the religious, national and social composition of its foreign diaspora. The materials for the statistical reconstruction were the results of the analysis of the St. Petersburg Catholic and Protestant parish registers and the foreigners' databases created on the basis of these church books. To identify demographic structures, the authors used the methods of descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of statistical indicators, and to determine the number of foreigners ("inozemtsy"), they used the method of reconstructing values using constant coefficients expressing the ratio of the adult believers' number to the sum of church rites for a certain time period. As a result, they found that the greatest concentration of foreigners (at the level of 10-13%) in St. Petersburg was observed in the Petrine era, and under Anna Ioannovna and Empress Elizabeth Petrovna their share fell to 6-7%. The number of foreigners was a relatively constant value and amounted to about 4 thousands adult men and women at the end of the reign of Peter the Great, and about 4-5 thousand people of both sexes in the 1730s and 1740s. As parts of the foreign population, the authors separately took into account groups of Germans, French, Italians, Poles, Dutch people, Finns, Swedes, Armenians, Tatars, and other nationalities. The authors publish the results of a special study, during which the size of various religious groups of St. Petersburg residents was determined - such as Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, believers of the Armenian Apostolic Church. They substantiate the conclusion that initially it was not Germans, as is traditionally considered, but Swedes and Finns that prevailed among the foreigners of St. Petersburg, and only by the middle of the 18th century the Germans became the most common group of foreigners, accounting for about half of their number. The largest social stratum of the foreign population in the city was the craft-working (future petty-bourgeois), they included masters and apprentices of the guild craft, artisans, all kinds of civilian specialists and persons who were in service. In the 1730s, this layer of Petersburgians incorporated about three thousand foreigners of both sexes, they made up a significant percentage of the commercial and industrial population of the city and strengthened the stratum of Posadsky residents. Turning to the questions of the socioprofessional composition of the St. Petersburg foreign society of the first half of the 18th century, the authors came to the conclusion that the confessional factor affected the choosing of the type of activity by foreigners.


Cellulosic-pulp-reinforced cement sheets are produced in large scale for more than 25 years. This followed studies that had focused on the fibre and matrix characteristics, and on their composite behaviour, solving to a limited extent the problems arising from fibre-matrix incompatibility and deterioration due to alkali attack. In spite of that, much has yet to be done in terms of providing a material with properties competitive with those of asbestos cement, mainly considering their long term performances. Current research on cellulose-pulp reinforced cement composites concentrates on evaluating the deterioration mechanisms, the treatment methods and the modelling of the effects of these mechanisms on the physical, mechanical and micro-structural aspects of the material. Interfacial adhesion governs the mechanical behaviour and many physical properties of composites. Therefore, it is a key issue when focusing on durability, since the deterioration mechanisms and the treatment methods exert direct influences on the fibre-matrix interface. Direct assessment of adhesion strength by pull-out tests on fibres generally shorter than 2 mm in cellulose-cement composites presents practical difficulties. Also, direct application of the equations derived from the composite's micromechanics to this type of cement composites, as produced by the vacuum-dewatering process, and containing high volume fractions of curly fibres would be problematic. Fortunately, a significant amount of data is available in the literature regarding the physical and mechanical behaviour of cellulose-cement composites of a variety of compositions and produced under similar conditions. This allows establishing mutual correlations. This is used as reference framework for the design of the cellulose-cement compositions tested by the authors. The outcomes reveal this approach a valuable tool in comparative studies on the mechanical behaviour of cellulose-cement composites dealing with effects of treatment methods, deterioration mechanisms and processing parameters.


With the development of social economics and the adjustment of the industrial structure, entrepreneurship education is paid much attention all over the society. Consequently, vocational schools should carry out entrepreneurship education to satisfy the demands of market economy for the talents, to promote students to have a scientific outlook on development, to gear up vocational education to adapt the needs of future scientific development, as well as to advance students' ego lifelong development. Meanwhile, vocational schools should develop the entrepreneurship education by means of creating entrepreneurship atmosphere, building the distinctive entrepreneurship curricula, strengthening the construction of the entrepreneurship teaching faculty team, and providing chances for entrepreneurship education practice communication, etc.


(1) There are no indexes at all. The two substantial and comprehensive articles by L.-P. in the Sitzungsberichte of the Vienna Academy, for 1973 (285, 3) and 1974 (298, 3), 'Index Grammaticus zu den griechischen Inschriften Kilikiens und Isauriens' (I—II), provide the necessary dialectal and other details, and reference is frequently made to these, but those articles can only be utilised together with the present work in a library that can provide both the Sitzungsberichte and the Denkschriften of the Vienna Academy, or has individual copies of these items (and also eventually the relevant volume of TAM). It would have been far more satisfactory to attach the normal indexes including, naturally, an Index Nominum to this volume. (2) There is no concordance with the previously published inscriptions, which form 145 out of a total of 174 items. (3) There are no maps. Instead, the reader is referred (p. 115) to the sketch-maps of routes in MAMA VII and VIII and the Turkish 1:200,000 map. The boundaries of Lycaonia are those marked in the aged map in CIL, III (Tab. II) which, we are told, 'is available in every institute of ancient history'. Not so, I suspect, the Turkish map. (4) There is only a handful of sketches (from Heberdey and Wilhelm's Skizzenbucher; Wilhelm's longhand copies contain fine examples of his most elegant cursive Greek hand; once seen, never forgotten) (pp. 117-28) and a few photographs (Taf. I-IV: the squeeze on Taf. 1, no. 4 is back to front); consequently for the majority of items, which consist of detailed discussions of the palaeography of individual lines or groups of lines, the reader is left with no means of checking the claims made. Since the texts of inscriptions previously published are only by exception given in full, one is left with a feeling of remoteness from reality. These deficiencies apart (of which the last can probably only in part be laid at L.-P.'s door) the volume is prepared with great care, and the conjectures advanced, though frequently encumbered with too many palaeographical minutiae and trivialities, often seem convincing. In other instances she has to admit that she can only offer alternative and uncertain solutions to those already advanced. Within her own field L.-P. is fully master of the evidence, and her examination of the texts will be of value to those working on similar material; but those of her observations that touch on wider considerations suggest that she is not generally familiar with inscriptions (and institutions) outside her own region.


The sensitivity estimation of reservoir is the foundation of researching reservoir damage mechanism and decreasing reservoir damage.It is also a basis for effective development of oil fields.Ansai oilfield belongs to low porosity and low permeability oil fields.Its main developing zone,Chang 6 oil layer,has the characteristic of low porosity,poor permeability and strong heterogeneity.In this paper,the sensitivity evaluation experment of Chang 6 reservoir in ansai oilfield was carried out by combining the geologic feature and reservoir characteristic of this area.Lab evaluation tests indicate that Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield has the feature of middle to high velocity sensitivity,weak water sensitivity,weak brine sensitivity,moderate acid sensitivity and weak to moderate alkali sensitivity.


In the process of implementing a construction project, it is necessary to meet numerous requirements imposed on investors by regulations related to broadly understood environmental protection, which are significant for the vast majority of investment processes. For obvious reasons, the environment, understood as all natural elements, is not subject to geopolitical division principles. Therefore, the issue of international cooperation between states in the field of environmental protection is becoming increasingly important. One of its major tools is the procedure for transboundary environmental impact assessment in the Polish legal order. The article presents regulations applying to the strategic environmental impact assessment and verification of the environmental effects of project implementation. The complex nature of the indicated regulations, as well as their nonuniform application by entities issuing administrative decisions may directly contribute not only to delays in implementing an investment project, but also to a significant increase in its costs. It should also be remembered that strict compliance with these requirements is a necessary condition for the participation of Community funds in the implementation of a specific project.


Diesel particulate filters are good tools in gas emission reduction (and also particulate matters) in addition to noise reduction. In this paper the effect of soot layer on both transmission losses and noise reduction factor is studied. It is clear that for both hot and cold conditions the transmission losses with the existence of soot layer are greater than those without soot layer existence, since the soot layer is considered here as a new medium or a new component that increases sound absorption and consequently increases the sound transmission losses.


Objective To investigate narcotic analgesics in elderly patients safety application.Methods 2009 years from January 2012 to December in our hospital during surgical treatment of 556 cases of elderly patients medical records of the review analysis,focuses on analyzing the postoperative narcotic analgesic drugs dose,mode and related complications situation.Results Different medicine way with the incidence of complications is no statistical significance(P0.05),the incidence of complications in patients with different age paragraph no statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion The establishment of reasonable narcotic analgesic drug dose and strengthen the monitoring,in elderly patients with postoperative implementation epidural space small dose of morphine analgesia has quite a clinical application value.


Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is classically related to higher occurrence of thromboembolic events, especially stroke, particularly in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, risk factors for stroke in patients with CCC but no atrial fibrillation have not been well established.

 We aimed to assess the relationship between left ventricular (LV) structure and function, as evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), with stroke in individuals with CCC.

 We prospectively collected data from 141 patients with CCC who underwent CMR from October 2009 to December 2013 and who were thereafter followed for a median period of 6.8 years. The outcome was the occurrence of stroke during the follow-up period. The only exclusion criteria were history of previous stroke, AF or use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) at the time of CMR. CMR-derived LV parameters were: LV ejection fraction (LVEF), extension of LV myocardial fibrosis, assessed by late gadolinium enhancement, and presence of LV apical aneurysm. LVEF was classified as follows: (I) normal ≥55%; (II) mid-range <55% and ≥40%; and (III) reduced <40%. Age and gender were covariates in the adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.

 Of the initial 141 CCC participants, 25 subjects were excluded due to previous stroke (n=2), history of AF (n=11), or use of OAC (n=12). The remaining 116 individuals had a mean age of 56±14 years, 51% women. Normal, mid-range and reduced LVEF were found in 48 (41%), 43 (37%), and 25 (22%) patients, respectively. Myocardial fibrosis was detected in 79 of 111 (71%) subjects in whom the detection method was feasible. The extension of LV fibrosis was evaluated as a median of 4.6% [interquartile range: 0–10]. LV apical aneurysm was identified in 36 (31%) patients. During the follow-up (median 6.8 years), stroke was reported in 9 participants. In the univariate analysis, reduced LVEF was significantly associated with higher risk of stroke compared to normal LVEF (HR: 9.2, 95% CI: 1.8–48.4), while there was no significant difference between mid-range and normal LVEF (HR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.2–8.2). The association of reduced LVEF and stroke remained significant in the multivariable model, adjusted for age and gender (HR: 12.6, 95% CI: 1.9–83.2). Kaplan-Meier curves are presented in figure 1 (logrank p-value <0.001). Neither the extension of LV myocardial fibrosis (HR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1) nor the presence of LV apical aneurysm (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.5–7.2) was related to higher risk of stroke.

 In patients with CCC, reduced LVEF assessed by CMR, but not LV fibrosis or presence of apical aneurysm, was a significant predictor of stroke.

 Type of funding source: None


Books and websites on sustainable cities and communities. Information from DI Library on informal citations and when to cite, as well as an example citation for a web page


On August 31, 1988, the first full-scale, hypervelocity projectile of tactical mass and flight configuration was launched successfully from the U.S. Green Farm 90-mm electromagnetic railgun. Advances since that "first" in the ability to use electric energy to supply either part of the propulsive force (i.e., part electrical energy and part chemical energy) or all of the propulsive force to gun-launch lethal projectiles have successfully resolved most critical issues. This paper provides an archival overview of that progress by reviewing the development and test results of five (5) full-scale, hypervelocity projectile prototypes and twelve (12) integrated launch package combinations that have been successfully interfaced and launched from: the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Tasks B and C, the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) Green Farm and Great Britain's Defense Research Agency (DRA) Kirkcudbright 90-mm, 9-MJ electromagnetic railguns; the ARDEC/USMC 17/spl times/39-mm, 0.23-MJ electromagnetic railgun; the United Defense 30-mm, 0.3-MJ electrothermal-chemical gun; and the Diehl GmbH 30-mm, 0.3-MJ liquid-electrothermal gun. In addition, several unique hypervelocity projectiles that were developed and launched from two-stage light gas guns and advanced conventional powder guns, in support of electric gun-launched projectile development, are included for subject completeness.


Food diversification based on local food is one of the alternative efforts in anticipating foodcrises. Basically, the food consumption patterns of the population will generally be different andchange over time, where youth have a strategic role in the future. Therefore, this study aims torecord the current preference of a potential substitute for rice. The research was conducted inthe area of the Banau College of Agriculture and Entrepreneurship, West Halmahera Regency,North Maluku. The results of the study indicate that there has been a change in the pattern ofyouth staple food consumption from local foods such as sago to rice. Based on consumptionpatterns, only some youths make sago a staple food. Rice is still the main preference of youthas staple food in everyday life. While sago is the second priority as a staple food in the menu ofyouth consumption patterns. There are several factors that cause changes in consumptionpatterns, including: 1) development policies and food policies on one food commodity, namelyrice; 2) Conversion of sago forests into paddy fields; 3) public perception of sago; and 4) theculture of eating rice brought by transmigrants. Therefore, systematic efforts are needed fromboth the government, the private sector and the community to achieve food security. The localgovernment is expected to be able to promote food diversification programs. The private sectorcan develop local food (sago) into derivative products that can be accepted by the widercommunity, such as noodles, bread, flour, cakes, etc. From the community side, efforts todiversify can be started from the family by diversifying daily staple foods. Society as thesmallest unit in a country has an important role in the success of food diversification.


Based on the information generated at GM R&D Center, six SMC formulations were developed and produced by SMC suppliers and subsequently molded into automotive body panels for powder primer application readiness tests. The panels were evaluated in the lab for shrinkage, moisture absorption, adhesion to the conductive coating, and powder application. Based on the results, all six formulations were approved for plant trials. The trials took place in Shreveport and Lordstown assembly plants. It was noted that the use of infrared heating to bake the powder is detrimental to SMC as it causes rapid heating of SMC substrate, resulting in a high flux of moisture in a short period of time. It was also learned that the experimental conductive coating improves the powder prime capability of SMC and allows powder priming after an extended exposure to the plant environment.


Under the influence of the pre-Qin political strategists,there were a large group of capable officials and advisors good at commenting on the state's spatial situation in society of the West Han Dynasty. By summarizing the lessons from the downfall of the Zhou and the Qin Dynasty,these officials and advisors brought forward their representative spatial perception based on the spatial situation of the current society and helped the rulers work out a series of policies as regards the basic fact of powerful central government and weak local governments to strengthen centralism and improve the relationship between central and local governments. The law of growth and change of cities in the West Han days revealed the contemporary level of spatial perception and imperial control of space. And the essential reason for development of cities resulted just from the central power's control and possession of local space and proved an agreement between theory of regional space and the state's practice of controlling space.


In the framework of the Olympus and Italsat satellites experiment, the Politecnico di Milano carried out a campaign aiming to measure brightness temperatures at different frequencies and to estimate some quantities, as water vapour (V), liquid water integrated content (L) and atmospheric attenuation, related to absorption phenomena of interest for radio propagation studies.


Objective To discuss amplification and mutation about the rpsL and rrs gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance of streomycin.Methods Using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to indect the rpsL、rrs gene and using the inversedirection nucleotide probe spot hybridize assay to indect the rpsL、rrs gene mutation of the 23 sensitive cases,32 resistant cases,and 25 sputum samples of tuberculosis patients.Results The positive rate of gene amplificate of all the 23 sensitive cases,32 resistant cases are 100%,the positive rate of the rpsL and rrs gene in 25 sputum samples is 72% and 56% respectively ;the mutation rate of gene rpsL is 4.3%,65.6%,50% respectively;the mutation rate of gene rrs is 0,12.5%,7.2% respectively.Conclusion The gene mutation rate of the resistant cases are higher than the sensitive cases.The inversedirection nucleotide probe spot hybridization assay is convenient,quick and sensitive that can provide the basic according in clinical application.


in an odd number n -1_3 of space dimensions and those operators equivalent2 to On. These are the so-called trivial operators, and the famous "Hadamard conjecture"3 claims that all Huygens' operators are trivial. Examples to the contrary show that this conjecture cannot be completely true (see [2]-[7]); it is, however, valid for real Huygens' operators with constant principal part in 4 independent variables. This result, which was first established by Matthisson [8], plays a decisive role in our present considerations. In this note we will show that there is a sense in which Hadamard's conjecture is essentially correct for operators of the form


This Community Partnership Program (PKM) partner is the Socialization of Child Friendly Schools in MAN Malakaji, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The problems are:  (1)  The stakeholders' lack of awareness to work together to create child-friendly schools. (2) Teachers still do not understand in detail the concepts  and programs of Child-Friendly Schools, so their implementation is still not effective. The methods used are: lectures, demonstrations, discussions, questions and answers with colleagues through the Zoom Meeting application. The results achieved were (1) partners were very enthusiastic about the socialization, marked by the number of participants and questions asked, (3) partners really needed socialization and understanding of Child Friendly Schools which was shown by the spirit of participation and curiosity, (4) Quality improvement understanding and mastery is ensured. contrary to the concept of the Child-Friendly School Program (SRA).


Based on the RF technology to improve the quality and the security in mining,prevent the mine disaster,a mining logistics management system is designed and developed based on the RFID.Using the mining logistics management system design scheme of wireless EF not touching RFID,it can recognize automatically for the target in distance of well to deal with not touching information in different states(moving or static).The real-time management can be achieved by recognizing and getting the static and dynamic information of miners and materials.Through the application of the coal,mine safety-accident has been fallen by 96%,it reduces the safety-accidents and liability accidents effectively,and reaches the effect of preventing mining disaster.


The handaxe is an iconic object in European prehistory. The first discovery (a flint handaxe) was in 1679 in the Grays Inn Road in central London, followed in the late 18th century by the pioneering work of John Frere at Hoxne (Suffolk, eastern England, Fig. 1; Frere, 1800). In the next century, Jacques Boucher de Perthes (1847) made important discoveries of handaxes in the gravels of the River Somme around Abbeville (northern France). His work inspired a distinguished group of British visitors, namely Hugh Falconer, Joseph Prestwich, John Evans and John Lubbock (later Lord Avebury), whom he convinced that these artefacts were manufactured by primitive humans who lived at the time when the gravels were being deposited (see Bridgland and White, 2015). This established an Anglo-French collaboration that continues to this day and is reflected in this Special Issue. Key contributions in the 19th and 20th centuries to the study and understanding of handaxes were made on both sides of the English Channel. In France, Gabriel de Mortillet (1883) was the first to establish nomenclature for these characteristic implements, followed by Victor Commont (1906, 1908), who established the importance of St-Acheul, in the Somme valley, eventually the type locality for the handaxe industries. Subsequent work by FranS cois Bordes (1961) erected an influential typological classification of handaxe varieties. In England (see Bridgland and White, 2015), Derek Roe (1968a, b) made an exhaustive study of handaxe occurrences and variability, while John Wymer (1968, 1985, 1999) also documented find-spots, particularly in fluvial contexts, and was responsible for his own typological classification. There is no doubt that handaxes remain a source of fascination for Palaeolithic archaeologists and Quaternary scientists alike. They have been known by different names: in France as 'limande', 'hache', 'coup de poing' and 'biface', and in England as 'implement', 'palaeolith' (a term that must also be applied to cores and flakes) and 'biface', the last being much favoured in recent decades as a descriptive term that made no reference to use and was applicable in both countries. However named, they nevertheless form part of a group of tools commonly referred to as large cutting tools that are frequently (but not always) bifacially worked (Goren-Inbar and Sharon, 2006). Furthermore, handaxes can be made on a wide range of raw materials, including numerous different rock types (e.g. flint, quartz and quartzite and volcanic products such as basalt and andesite), as well as bone. Many questions remain as to the purpose of handaxes (e.g. Keeley, 1980; O'Brien, 1981), the reason for their variable morphologies and possible evolution of this material culture (e.g. Roe, 1968a; White, 1998; Hodgson, 2015, and references therein) and the technological and cognitive capacities of their makers (Gibson and Ingold, 1993, and references therein; McNabb and Ashton, 1995). The long-standing and generally accepted view, and one widely supported by modern experimental evidence, is that handaxes were general-purpose implements for skinning and butchering animal remains, as well as for cutting and shaping wood (Oakley, 1961; Bordaz, 1970; Ohel, 1987). The collection of papers presented here stems from a conference organized in Paris (19–21 November 2014) on 'European Acheuleans. Northern v. Southern Europe: Hominins, technical behaviour, chronological and environmental contexts', which aimed to address the key issues outlined in the title of the meeting. However, the purpose of the papers in this Special Issue is not to explore the handaxe from a techno-typological viewpoint (a topic to be explored in a forthcoming sister Special Issue in Quaternary International, presenting additional papers from the conference) but rather to provide a state-of-the-art view on the chronology and palaeoenvironments of the earliest handaxe makers in Europe, with a view to understanding key evolutionary trends in the hominin lineage, patterns of occupation and aspects of behaviour. Here, by way of an introduction, we summarize the origin and dispersal of the Acheulean, from its beginnings in Africa through its initial spread in India and western Asia, to its eventual arrival in Europe. The 'Movius Line' dichotomy between western and eastern Europe (the former with handaxes and the latter without) is still current but much debate and controversy surrounds the timing of the first appearance of handaxes in the west. The current chronological framework for the earliest Acheulean is then reviewed for western Europe, drawing largely on multiproxy evidence from long fluvial sequences. Finally, individual papers in the Special Issue are summarized with respect to the new contributions that they make to our understanding of Acheulean occupation, palaeoenvironments and behaviour.


: A nonlinear electric transport and switching to a negative resistance state is one of typical electric-field-induced phenomena in correlated electron materials, while their mechanisms are generally difficult to solve. In the present study, we apply the terahertz-radiation imaging method to an organic ferroelectric, α -(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 [BEDT-TTF: bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] and investigate the nature of its negative resistance phenomenon. When the negative resistance state is produced, the ferroelectric order is melted in an elongated region with the width of ∼ 100 μ m and that region grows along the direction inclined by about 40 ° from the b axis with the increase of nonlinear current. A comparison of the terahertz radiation intensity with the current magnitude revealed that the melted region forms a conducting path. We interpreted the diagonal growth of the conduction path by taking into account the anisotropy of the intermolecular transfer integrals.


The retrieval method based on natural language has been used in many database system.This paper present a retrieval model based on natural language according to pattern database system features.This paper also spell out a series of issues about how to convert natural language into SQL sentence.


In Lynch syndrome, urothelial cancer is the third most common cancer, following colorectal and endometrial cancers. Little is known, however, about the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in Lynch syndrome.


Economic voting is one of the most studied aspects of electoral behaviour. The dominant view is that sociotropic economic considerations are more important to voters in national elections. However, other research suggests that utilitarian motivations are key to understanding support for the EU. An EU integration referendum offers the opportunity to explore whether and when sociotropic or utilitarian motivations are more important in determining vote choice. The unusual combination of two successive referendums in Ireland on the Lisbon Treaty, either side of the global financial crisis, provides the ideal opportunity to test these assumptions. Using data from two post-referendum surveys, we demonstrate that the economy mattered in both referendums but that different economic motivations drove vote choice in each, with sociotropic motivations more critical as a result of the global financial crisis. Our study has implications for economic voting and referendums and demonstrates that context is crucial in determining a voter's economic motivations in a plebiscite.


Morton Feldman was always on the lookout for non-musical art works that he could use to stimulate his compositional process. Later in his career the iconic Modernist writer Samuel Beckett become such a model. This paper explores the hunch that Feldman's narrative process in the long works of his final period resembles the strategies used by Beckett in his famous mid-century novels. The essay specifically makes a comparison between Beckett's novel Molloy (1947) and Feldman's Triadic Memories (1981). Classic Beckett characteristics such as aimlessness, uncertainty, disintegration, and paralysis are shown to operate as well in Triadic Memories. The analysis graphs the main musical motifs onto a time chart to illustrate how they appear, disappear, and then reappear in ways that prevent predictability.


Urban planning is a lengthy and settled process, the results of which usually emerge after several years or even decades. Therefore, for a proper urban design of cities, it is necessary to use parameters that are able to predict and gauge the potential long-term behaviour of urban development. In the tourist towns of the Mediterranean coast, long-term design is often at odds with the generation of business profits in the short term. This paper presents the results of this phenomenon for an interesting case of a Spanish Mediterranean coastal city created from scratch in the 1960s and turned into a tourist destination, which today is hypertrophied. La Manga del Mar Menor in the Region of Murcia every year reaches a population of more than 250,000 people during the summer, with only a few thousand in winter. This crowded environment with an asymmetric behaviour submits annual progressive impoverishment in its economic return. This questionable profitability is the result of a misguided urban development, and its results are analysed through the evolution of the land market and the resulting urbanization in the last 50 years using a GIS methodology.


Correction for 'Facile synthesis of water soluble silver ferrite (AgFeO2) nanoparticles and their biological application as antibacterial agents' by Hani Nasser Abdelhamid et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 34594–34602.


Main cables are the chief bearing components of suspension bridges.In order to ensure the safe service life of the suspension bridges,the cables must be specially painted.This paper deals with some schemes of wrapping and painting protection for main cables.The problem of engineering had been solved successfully by a series of quality requirement measures.


Following the basic medical description, each chapter presents a section labelled Psychological Sequelae. For example, a patient who develops diabetes is described as often experiencing a profound sense of sadness and loss, mood swings, anger, and lowered selfesteem. Studies show that psychosocial factors affect blood sugar indirectly by patient compliance and directly by neuroendocrine effects. Blood sugar levels, in turn, may affect emotional sta te . Cogni t ivebehavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to improve coping, treatment compliance, and control of blood glucose.


The determination of Gd,Y,Zr and Ag in rare-earth-magnesium alloy by ICP-OES is proposed. The optimum conditions of experiments are obtained by acidity experiment,interference experiment,precision and recovery experiment. The method is simple and reliable,meeting the need of the scientific research and production.


For a bounded, symmetric and circled domain D in C , considered as the unit ball of some Jordan triple system V , we give Koppelman-Leray and Cauchy-Leray formulas. These formulas supply us integral operators for solving the equation ∂u = f when f is a closed (0, q) form with coefficients in C(D). These operators, constructed by the help of the generic norm of V , are invariant by some Lie subgroup in the group of biholomorphic transformations of D and the solutions obtained satisfy an estimation of growth at the boundary. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32M15, 32F20.


Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of electric pulse combined with the cyclophosphamide in the S180 sarcomas transplanted subcutaneously in KM(KunMing) mice.Methods The S180 sarcomas was transplanted in 41 KM mice.Then they were divided randomly into 4 groups to receive different treatment(Control group,cyclophosphamide only,electric pulses only,electric pulse combined with cyclophosphamide).The KM mice were weighed and tumor volume were calculated.Results The tumor was tumid in different degree and had crust on the surface after the electrochemotherapy.The tumor decreased and disappear finally.The tumor from mouse treated by electrochemotherapy had much less vasculature on the surface,compared with that from the control group.Conclusion It suggests that the electrochemotherapy has a marked therapeutic effect in the S180 sarcomas transplanted subcutaneously in KM mice and it may be an important therapeutic method for the subcutaneous tumor.


In this paper, position dependent heteroepitaxial growth of polycrystalline cubic-silicon carbide (3C-SiC) film on Si (100) substrate was demonstrated by using hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) as a single source precursor for both Si and C. Hydrogen (H2) and propane (C3H8) were used as a carrier gas and for carbonization, respectively, and a two-step growth process was adopted. The heteroepitaxial growth of cubic-SiC film occurred at 1350 � C via an atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) in a horizontal cold-wall quartz tube reactor. The as-grown sample was cut into pieces according to the color of the grown film as observed by the naked eye and their thicknesses were measured using an ellipsometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed to see the surface morphology of the different samples of the grown film, respectively, and to confirm their cubic (3C) symmetry and crystalline nature, the structural and optical characterization were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL). The position related variation in crystallinity, thickness and quality of the grown film was observed and found to be decreased from upstream end to down-stream end. Hence, the growth of a film depends on the position from up-stream end to down-stream end in a horizontal cold-wall APCVD reactor.


The compound [Cu2(L)Cl2][H2L =N,N′-bis(3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropyl)oxamide] has been prepared and characterized by means of structural and magnetic measurements. The crystals are triclinic, space group P, with a= 6.630(1), b= 7.443(1), c= 9.702(1)A, α= 95.38(1), β= 102.72(1), γ= 101.12(1)° and Z= 2. The structural unit comprises one independent copper ion bonded to one half of a trans-oxamidate ligand and one chloride ion. Two centres of symmetry lead to a polymeric molecule. The copper ions are in distorted square-pyramidal environments and the basal co-ordination sites are occupied by O,N,N' donors from the trans-oxamidate ligand and by a chloride ion. The fifth contact occurs with the chloride ion of an adjacent asymmetric unit. The nearest-neighbour Cu ⋯ Cu distance is 3.2989(9)A and a remarkably acute angle is found at the bridging chloride[79.02(3)°]. The magnetic properties of the compound are well reproduced by the dimer model with pairwise interactions, owing to the overwhelming importance of the oxamidate bridge in determining the exchange coupling interactions [J= 409(3) cm–1]. The EPR spectra, however, indicate that the compound intimately behaves as an alternating chain.


The utility model relates to a gas pressure detection circuit for an automobile tire, which comprises an ABS (anti-lock braking system) speed sensor, a monitoring operation module electrically connected with the ABS speed sensor and a display module electrically connected with the monitoring operation module, wherein the ABS speed sensor is used for outputting sine waves or square wave signals with the frequency which is directly proportional to vehicle speed during driving or sliding of an automobile; the monitoring operation module is used for processing the signals outputted from the ABS speed sensor and generating tire gas pressure state; and the display module is used for displaying the tire gas pressure state. By adopting the gas pressure detection circuit, the real-time detection of gas pressure of the automobile tire can be realized, and safe driving of the automobile can be ensured.


ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur in approximately 200,000 patients per year. Studies indicate that lung endothelium plays a significant role in ALI. The authors' recent in vitro studies demonstrate a novel mechanism of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD)–induced protection against gram-positive (pneumolysin, PLY) and gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) toxin–induced lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effect of β-NAD against LPS-induced ALI in mice. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle, β-NAD, LPS, and LPS/β-NAD. After surgery, mice were allowed to recover for 24 hours. Evans blue dye–albumin (EBA) was given through the internal jugular vein 2 hours prior to the termination of the experiments. Upon sacrificing the animals, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and the lungs were harvested. β-NAD treatment significantly attenuated the inflammatory response by means of reducing the accumulation of cells and protein in BALF, blunting the parenchymal neutrophil infiltration, and preventing capillary leak. In addition, the histological examination demonstrated decreased interstitial edema in the LPS/β-NAD specimens, as compared to the LPS-only specimens. The mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in the LPS group treated with β-NAD compared to the LPS-only–treated group. β-NAD treatment down-regulated the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that β-NAD could be investigated as a therapeutic option against bacterial toxin–induced lung inflammation and ALI in mice.


Vocational education has gained support and endorsement from the Obama Administration as a way to advance the American public in economic and social prosperity in this coming age. Time and resources are crucial as traditional and adult learners seek the skills they need for competitive employment. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the predictive relationship between learning and study strategies and academic performance (GPA) among first semester vocational adult learners and vocational traditional learners. The participants for this study were selected from a convenience sample of vocational college students at a northwestern, rural, four-year college with an academic and vocational division. The sample included traditional learners, students between the age of 18 to 24 years-old and adult learners who completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) during Spring 2013, Fall 2013, Spring 2014, and Fall 2014 vocational student success enrollment interviews. Adult learners included students who were 25 and older, and younger students who had adult responsibilities such as full-time employment or dependents. LASSI subscale scores were matched with corresponding first semester cumulative grades and demographics. Two multiple regression analyses were conducted on the predictive relationship between subscales of the LASSI and GPA for Vocational Adult Learners and Vocational Traditional Learners. As a result, it was identified that there were no predictive relationships between subscales of the LASSI and GPA for Vocational Adult Learners or Vocational Traditional Learners. This study failed to reject both null hypotheses.


The invention provides a composite hinge device, and relates to a combination thereof by the portable terminal having the hinge unit, and its object is to each touch-sensitive display and a lower and an upper unit having a composite hinge means to the lower and upper units in the front mediated each other by configuring the mobile terminal by connecting so as to be able to rotate while the upper unit is sliding relative to the lower unit, so the user and corresponding to the use of a mobile terminal touch-sensitive display unit smartphone mode, a notebook mode and tablet (tablet) PC mode can be used as a state and what to meet the user's needs, this object biaxial hinge means the upper unit is provided each rotatably connected to both sides one end of the lower unit and the upper unit so as to be able to rotate with respect to the lower unit and, once inserted on the other side to the other end of the biaxial hinge unit Information to as a connecting link which is provided rotatably, is once fixed is inserted into the inner surface of the central portion of the connecting link bar, the other end is fixed inserted into the other end with a second receiving groove each formed on both sides of the upper unit upper unit are connected links 180 comprising the hinge means being provided to enable providing the pressing force to the upper side unit during the rotation, the biaxial hinge means and the connecting link as hinge means connect connecting the upper unit and the lower unit power supply and information u for the bar, and out one is achieved by a portable terminal having a composite hinge device and its complex hinge device comprising a wiring cable to be provided for.


Collins, M.E., Manchester, S.R. & Wilde, W. 2012. Fossil fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Messel biota, Germany.Abhandlungen der Senckenberg Gessellschaft fur Naturforschung, 570, 251 pp. ISBN 978-3-510-61400-4 This book presents a survey of the extensive fruit and seed collection found at the Middle Eocene Messel site. The first part of the book is dedicated to a few introductory chapters about the site, geologic setting, age control of the sedimentary sequence and taphonomy of the fossil remains. It is worth pointing out that unlike many lacustrine deposits in which fruits are preserved as impressions, most of the Messel plant macrofossils are preserved as remnants of the original plant material.


A tunable passively mode-locked fiber laser with cylindrical vector beams (CVB) generation in a linear cavity was presented. The mode-locking mechanism is based on the nonlinear multimode interference effect of the graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF). The Sagnac loop mirror works as a filter. An ultra-broadband long-period fiber grating (UBLPFG) with a high conversion efficiency < 90% from 1004 nm to 1068 nm is used to covert fundamental mode to higher-order modes. The laser can achieve a continuously tunable wavelength range from 1032.344 nm to 1042.556 nm by changing the reflection spectrum of the Sagnac loop mirror thermally. When the laser operates at the central wavelength of 1042.556 nm, the output pulse trains have a period of 92.08 ns with pulse duration of 1.15 ns. The slope efficiency of the laser is about 4.73% with the mode-locking threshold of 167.7 mW. The purity of the radially and azimuthally polarized beams is measured to be higher than 93.8%.


This book presents the papers given at a conference on metals. Topics considered at the conference included microhardness measurements in a scanning electron microscope, copper precipitations, microstructure, torsional fatigue fractures, deformation, the effects of non-metallic inclusions on stepwise cracking behavior of line-pipe steels, the metallography of iron and potassium chlorate powders, the metallography of kovar/glass/thermite interfaces, and carbon dioxide corrosion of steel.


Vertical MOSFET, with: defining a semiconductor body having a source region and defining a substantially planar first surface and a drain region and a substantially planar second surface, the first surface and the second surface are substantially parallel and non-coplanar; a gate region formed in the semiconductor body near the second surface; and a via which is formed within the semiconductor body at least partially between the first surface and the second surface and coupled to the gate area.


The presented new technology for complex recovery of rare metals,precious metals and other valuable elements is:at first,separate precious metals gold and silver with other elements such as antimony,bismuth,tellurium,etc;then extract them separately.The recovery of gold and silver is more than 94%,recovery of antimony bismuth and tellurium is more than 90%.Quality of products:gold and silver concentrated for more than 30 times,the purity of anti mony oxide,tellurium dioxide and sponge bismuth reaches more than 98%,96%and 42% respectively.


The Smith chart, while being a very useful graphical tool for the analysis and design of high-frequency circuits, is subject to manual interpretation errors. A normalized impedance and admittance chart (Y-Z Smith chart) represented by a neural-network-type distributed computing system is developed for design automation. Two examples showing the use of such a neural network to design an impedance matching circuit are presented.<<ETX>>


our reports, height is a sensitive index of past social and nutritional factors and both these are strong determinants of respiratory health. We also refer in our report to an earlier study that had failed to detect any excess mortality in a large cohort of ex-textile workers.4 Schilling argues that the evidence from the survey of ex-cotton workers does not exclude the possibility that a small subgroup of textile workers develop a "pronounced loss of lung function and accompanying disability." While no epidemiological or other evidence can ever exclude such a possibility with certainty we would, at the least, ask that the evidence from all these studies is considered together.


The utility model provides a cover board of a bus duct, which comprises a cover board body, wherein the outer surface of the cover board body is smooth; the cover board further comprises strengthening ribs; two strengthening ribs are arranged on the inner surface of the cover board body; and connecting holes are respectively opened on the two strengthening ribs. The cover board of the bus duct has the beneficial effect that the bus duct provided with the cover body is high in integrated intensity, high in level of protection and good in thermal diffusivity.


This study aims to explore how work disengagement (WD) is affected by employees' perceptions of distributive injustice (DI). It also investigates the mediating roles of workplace negative gossip (WNG) and organizational cynicism (OC). Responses were received from the full-time employees of category (A) travel agencies and five-star hotels operating in Egypt. WarpPLS 7.0 was used to run a PLS-SEM analysis on the 656 valid responses. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between employees' perception of distributive injustice and work disengagement level; in addition, there is a positive relationship between perception of distributive injustice and workplace negative gossip and organizational cynicism. Results also reported positive relationships between workplace negative gossip, organizational cynicism, and work disengagement. Furthermore, findings showed that workplace negative gossip and organizational cynicism mediate the relationship between distributive injustice and work disengagement. Some groundbreaking investigations were conducted as part of the research. Research on how DI affects WNG, OC, and WD is still lacking. In terms of contextual significance, an empirical investigation of the relationship between these factors in hotels and travel companies is unavailable. By empirically examining these connections in the context of Egyptian hotels and travel agencies, the current study has filled a gap in the literature on tourism and hospitality, human resources management, and organizational behavior.


Promotion is an activity undertaken by the company to provide information about a product that is a mix of promotions such as sales promotion and personal selling. In this study the author has the purpose of writing is knowing what sales promotion used by Quantum Stores to market their products, know the relationship between sales promotion with the proceeds, and know how much in uence the promotion of the results of Quantum Stores ualan Desc. In this study the results can be obtained cost relations campaign by the results of Quantum Stores Desc ualan product showed a strong and positive relationship is shown by the results of calculation of the correlation coecient (r) = 0.70 and the regression equation: y = 211.7 +1.6 X1 + 1 , 1X2 and the results of calculation of coecient of determination is equal to 70


Conventional wisdom regarding nonpro t rms is that they are ine cient, due to the absence of a pro t motive. However, the costs and product quality realized by pro t-taking rms is determined by how well those rms deal with a host of internal incentive and information issues. A similar approach to the study of nonpro t organizations has not been attempted. This paper undertakes such an investigation, centered on the problem of providing incentives for members of a team to provide e cient e ort. Holmstrom(1982) showed that the introduction of a budget-breaker, or principal, into a team allowed for the provision of such incentives where it would otherwise be impossible. A similar result obtains for a nonpro t team, but the role of principal differs from that found in pro t-taking teams. It is shown that any of; donors, government regulators, or Trustees can ful ll this role in a nonpro t team. One implication of this is that nonpro t rms may indeed pay employees less than otherwise identical employees lling identical posts in pro t-taking rms.


This situation is usually treated with Insulin, the hormone responsible for the transfer of sugar from the bloodstream to fat or muscle. This however leads to several illnesses. For example Alzheimer's disease prevalence in Diabetes type 2 patients may be related to the Insulin based treatment [1]. Diabetes patients treated with Metformin, a drug which doesn't contain Insulin, showed normal rates of Alzheimer's prevalence which actually led to this drug being tested for its role against AD [2]. And treatment of Alzheimer's disease with the hormone opposing Insulin's action, Glucagon, actually shows very promising results [3-5].


The optimized geometry of the 6-silylcyclohexadienyl radical calculated by the energy gradient method with the STO-3G basis set shows that the radical has a distorted ring structure with the energy minimum at 4.3° of out-of-plane angle.


The technical task according to the present invention is to provide an upper-limb exoskeleton structure allowing more natural movements therewith and a safe operation by resolving the singularity issue. To that end, a method for controlling the upper-limb exoskeleton structure according to the present invention is characterized by vertically moving the shoulder joint of the upper-limb exoskeleton structure, and additionally tilting the shoulder joint in order to position the singularity point exhibited by the exoskeleton outside the area of range of possible motions by the upper limbs. Representative drawing figure 4


Synopsis A stratigraphical and geochemical investigation of Silurian age K-bentonites from the Central and Southern belts of the Southern Uplands of Scotland indicates temporal differences in both the prevalent type of magmatism and possible tectonic settings. The data support current evidence of peralkaline to high-K subalkaline within-plate volcanicity during Llandovery times. However, new analyses of Wenlock age K-bentonites from the Raeberry Castle Formation in the Southern Belt indicate a predominantly calc-alkaline volcanic arc source for these ash deposits. This Wenlock age volcanism coincides with a pause, or slowing down, in subduction prior to closure of the Iapetus Ocean during the Late Silurian times.


We present the general discussion on the inflection point inflation with small or large inflaton fields and show the effects of reheating dynamics on the inflationary predictions. In order to compare the model predictions with precisely measured CMB anisotropies and constrain the inflation models, the knowledge of the reheating dynamics is required. Inflection point inflation extended to the trans-Planckian regime can accommodate a sizable tensor-to-scalar ratio at the detectable level in the future CMB experiments.


Research in offline Arabic handwriting recognition has increased considerably in the past few years. This is evident from the numerous research results published recently in major journals and conferences in the area of handwriting recognition. Features and classifications techniques utilized in recent research work have diversified noticeably compared to the past. Moreover, more efforts have been diverted, in last few years, to construct different databases for Arabic handwriting recognition. This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent developments in Arabic handwriting recognition. The article starts with a summary of the characteristics of Arabic text, followed by a general model for an Arabic text recognition system. Then the used databases for Arabic text recognition are discussed. Research works on preprocessing phase, like text representation, baseline detection, line, word, character, and subcharacter segmentation algorithms, are presented. Different feature extraction techniques used in Arabic handwriting recognition are identified and discussed. Different classification approaches, like HMM, ANN, SVM, k-NN, syntactical methods, etc., are discussed in the context of Arabic handwriting recognition. Works on Arabic lexicon construction and spell checking are presented in the postprocessing phase. Several summary tables of published research work are provided for used Arabic text databases and reported results on Arabic character, word, numerals, and text recognition. These tables summarize the features, classifiers, data, and reported recognition accuracy for each technique. Finally, we discuss some future research directions in Arabic handwriting recognition.


This study examines the growth and physiological characteristics of Hopea odorata growing under waterlogging condition. H. odorata was selected as it is widely planted as urban landscape tree species which experienced some growth stresses. Two waterlogging treatments and a control were designed. Forty 5-year old saplings each were subjected to waterlogged condition for 30 days which were then allowed to recover for a further 30 days as Treatment 1 (T1) and waterlogged condition for 60 days as Treatment 2 (T2). Aboveground and belowground biomass including leaf area was determined before and at 30 and 60 days of study. The net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate per unit leaf area (EL) and leaf to air vapour pressure deficit (�˚ W) were assessed weekly for 60 days. The results showed that there were no significant differences between treatments for all growth attributes. There were also no significant reductions of these attributes found within treatments throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, no significant effects were observed in gas exchange variables. The results demonstrate that severe waterlogged condition did not affect the physiology of H. odorata. These findings add to the increasing evidences that H. odorata is a flood as well as a pollution tolerance species that ensuring it to survive and grow well in urban areas by regulating the partitioning strategies.


In Vitro Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Turkish Coffee and Instant Coffee on Glucose Metabolism in Cow Liver Tissue
Coffee consumption has been reported to reduce fasting plasma glucose levels. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of aqueous coffee extracts on hepatic glucose metabolism. Cow liver homogenate was used in the assays. After adding glucose, homogenates were incubated with Turkish coffee and instant coffee extracts (5%, 15%, 25% w/v) and then, glucose concentrations were measured within 2 h intervals for 4 hours.


Postsecondary level remediation has recently received a great deal of attention with the public questioning the efficacy of spending money on remedial classes, and scholars questioning whether such courses are effective in helping students graduate. The California State University (CSU) system has responded to the challenge of remediation by creating an Early Assessment Program (EAP). The authors discuss the EAP's strengths and weaknesses, questioning whether testing students is the best route to overcoming the problem of remediation.


Multilayer optical coatings are widely used on the surface of optical components to enhance the transmittance of light in certain spectral regions while reducing it in other regions. Discrepancies between the measured and predicted spectral performance of optical components with such coatings can primarily be attributed to deposition errors and uncertainties in the refractive indices of the materials used for these coatings. Our simulation uses two-dimensional transmission line modelling to evaluate the transmittance of light at a given angle of incidence through multilayer coatings deposited on a substrate material. We perform a number of Monte Carlo simulations to obtain statistical information about the tolerance of the coating performance to systematic and random uncertainties in deposition thickness, refractive index and operating temperature. We present the posterior distributions of the deviations from the nominal performance that result from the propagation of each of these uncertainties for a number of hypothetical scenarios. We find that these uncertainties have the potential to cause significant differences between the designed and achieved performance. Our results indicate that the sensitivity of each layer to the various sources of uncertainties can vary on a case-by-case basis. With the aid of accurate manufacturing recipes and uncertainty amplitudes from commercial manufacturers, this simulation can provide a proficient tool to predict variations in the performance of multilayer optical coatings used in exoplanet spectroscopy.


[Abstract] Eastern Siberia is an immense region which is covered by permafrost and larch dominated forest, with ecosystem playing an important role in regulating global climate through changes in water, carbon and energy cycle. Taiga-tundra boundary ecosystem in northeastern Siberia is one of most striking ecosystem not only because it covers an immense region but also because it is very sensitive to environmental change under Arctic amplification. It is therefore important to understand how this boundary ecosystem will change in future. For this better understanding, it is necessary to understand controlling factors on larch trees growth and distribution. Larch growth exhibits difference not only among the sites but also among the years. Among the sites, high soil moisture and low N availability are expected to limit larch growth. Among the years, high soil moisture, cloudiness and high air temperature are expected to limit larch growth. During the growing season of each year from 2009 to 2013, field observations and samplings were conducted to measure photosynthesis, tree size, nitrogen (N) content, and isotopic ratios in larch needle and stems as well as environmental factors including topography, soil moisture and soil N at four sites, different in trees density and


The aim of a bidirectional quasi single-stage converter (QSSC) for low-voltage energy storage systems that are grid-connected is to reduce the power conversion stage of the dc-dc converter, which results in improved overall efficiency. The QSSC configuration relies on a modified modulation strategy due to the unequal dual dc port (upper and lower dc ports) voltage. The control for ensuring that the dual dc port voltages are equal is presented in this paper. When the lower dc port is varied in response to battery voltage, another is controlled to track in response to the lower dc port, so that the voltage ratio between the upper and lower dc port is always equal to one. Furthermore, power sharing in a dual dc port is equal, which means that a dc-dc converter automatically operates at 50% of the battery power. Thus, the existing modulation can be used and the power stage conversion of the dc-dc converter can be decreased. The proposed control for the QSSC is verified with simulation results.


Introduction: Prognosis of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is generally thought to be favorable. However, the initial presentation can be accompanied by various fatal complications and currently available outcome data are sparse. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine short-term and long-term mortality in a large cohort of patients with TTC. Methods: A total of 177 patients presenting with TTC were matched for age and gender with 177 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Clinical follow-up was conducted with a standardized telephone follow-up and all events were centrally adjudicated. Results: Follow-up was available in 96.6% of patients after a median of 3.4 years. During the follow-up period, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in TTC patients as compared to the matched STEMI cohort (25.0% versus 16.1%, relative risk [RR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 2.39, p=0.04). Cardiovascular mortality did not differ between the study groups. 28-da...


A series of fast neutron‐irradiated GaAs samples (neutron fluence range of 2×1015–2.5×1017 cm−2) has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra at 9 GHz exhibit a broad (∼1 kG) Lorentzian singlet at g≊2.09 superimposed on the AsGa quadruplet. The singlet intensity scales linearly with neutron fluence as does that of the quadruplet. The presence of this new defect has not been reported in as‐grown GaAs known to have large concentrations of AsGa defects. EPR measurements at 35, 159, and 337 GHz indicate that the singlet linewidth increases with the microwave frequency.


Theoretycal results on the magnetization and susceptibility of a Heisenberg diluted antiferromagnet in the square lattice are given. The models considered have two exchange constants (J1-J2 and J1-J3) of which the second is much smaller than the first (lopsided models). Cluster statistics for clusters with up to 5 spins is given. A procedure to account for the contribution to the magnetization of clusters with more than 5 spins is described.


Often designated as "le poete de la parole parlee", Jacques Brault, author of a substantial and rigourous work dealing with poetry, language, writing and art, is one of the most significant modern writers of Quebec. In our literature, rare are the figurative expressions inventing their own trajectory and rarer still is the emblematic used to evoke simultaneously the essence of a generation, a work, a writer, a style. The expression "la parole parlee" says it all.


Research archives are the factual record of research activities.A good management and use of the archives are important for improving hospital's research management and for shifting the research results into products and services.This article discusses the necessity of electronic management of research archives,and introduces the practice and experience of such an endeavor in our hospital,in hope of providing a reference for archives managers.


Obtaining chemical information from the buried interface of an organic coating is not straightforward. In this paper, for the first time, atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is used to probe the chemical interactions at the metal oxide/polymer interface. AFM-IR is a novel technique that provides chemical spectra with spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limits. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on aluminum oxide was chosen as a model system. Two different approaches were used: a thin-layer approach and a cross-section approach. The thin layer confirmed the validity of the AFM-IR to look at the buried interface by comparison with results from the literature. Additionally, with a line scan, the exposed interfaces obtained from cross sections of thick coatings on aluminum substrates were analyzed. A semiquantitative analysis of the spectra from the line scan allowed to identify the chemical contribution coming from the polymer/metal oxide interfaces.


The present work has a character of theroretical and instrumental review and aims to provide an introduction to giftedness thematic. First, we reviw the test and scales used most frequently to identify gifted childrens and teens, and the main strategies to talent education, like grouping, acceleration or enrichment. Also, are briefly described instrumental studies and intervention programs conducted by this research team in our context. Finally, it's presented a sinthetic overview of the problem of talent in South America, as well as the actions taken and planned recently to talent education form the


Several methods have been proposed for the measurement of the magnetic losses in electrical steel sheet under the condition of rotating flux. The method considered here is based on a determination of the fied quantities and makes use of square-shaped samples and an air gap between the pole faces and the sample. We earlier reported the magnetic field analysis result by finite element method. In this paper we report the measurement method of rotational power loss and the result.


In national and international management guidelines physical therapy (PT) is a recommended treatment for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Based on multiple systematic reviews, concluding that supervised exercise therapy and exercise promotion is an effective and safe PT treatment option in patients with IA, recommendations in particular endorse active PT treatment. In order to monitor and enhance the quality of PT in clinical practice, knowledge about its delivery, including its active content, is needed.To assess the use, frequency, duration and content of PT in patients with IA.In this cross-sectional, national study a link to an electronic questionnaire addressing people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases was published between December 2020-July 2021 by the Dutch Arthritis Foundation via their website, newsletter and various social media. It comprised questions on demographic and health characteristics, the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels (EQ5D5L) and 29 questions on the usage of PT currently and/or in the past 12 months and, if applicable, the duration, frequency and content of the PT treatment. The content of PT was categorized into exercises (active aerobic, muscle strengthening, range of motion and/or functional exercises), manual treatment, physical modalities and counseling/education. Only data from patients self-identifying as diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and/or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) were used for the current study.A total of 267 people with RA (mean (SD) age 54 (12) years, 96% female) and 104 people with axSpA (age 47 (13) years, 88% female) (10 patients with both diagnoses) completed the questionnaire. More than 90% were treated by a rheumatologist; the mean (SD) EQ5D5L of people with RA was 0.62 (0.2) and of axSpA 0.59 (0.2). 172 RA respondents (64%) reported the use of PT related to their RA (162 individual PT, 1 group PT, 9 both individual and group PT). In axSpA, the rate was 87 (84%; 77 individual PT, 2 group PT, 8 both individual and group PT).Of those reporting individual PT treatment, the duration was long-term (> 3 months) in 134 (89%) and 70 (89%) of the respondents with RA and axSpA respectively, with a duration of more than 2 years in 67 (44%) and 38 (48%). In all users of individual PT, the mean frequency was once per week or less in 116 (77%) of the RA and 63 (80%) of the axSpA patients. Proportions were based on number of respondents to questions on individual PT.Concerning the content of individual PT, and taking into account both short-term and long-term use, for active exercises, the proportion of patients reporting aerobic, muscle strengthening, range of motion or functional exercises ranged from 40-66% in RA and 24-73% in axSpA patients. Regarding manual treatment, the proportions were 61% and 58%, in RA and 73% and 72% in axSpA for massage and passive mobilizations, respectively. With respect to physical modalities (passive), the modality most frequently mentioned were kinesiotaping and dry needling (40 and 25% and 43 and 32% in RA and axSpA). For counseling/education, exercises to perform at home (70 and 78%) and physical activity (PA) promotion (48 and 49%) were most often reported in both RA and AxSpA.Long-term use of PT is common in patients with RA and AxSpA. Apart from active treatment modalities (exercises) and promoting recommended PA, passive treatment options appear to be relatively often used. The results must be interpreted with caution, as the respondents may not constitute a representative sample of the IA population, yet warrant further research.Acknowledgements:This work was supported by the Dutch Arthritis Society [ReumaNederland], the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy [KNGF] and The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development [ZonMw].None declared


Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common and progressive cardiovascular disease with developmental origins. How developmental errors contribute to disease pathogenesis are not well understood.


A pro-p-group is a CF group if all (except possibly the first) of its lower central series factors have order p. We describe a construction for a class of just-infinite CF pro-p-groups with fixed coclass. Based on that, we observe that the class of infinite CF pro-p-groups is comparatively large within the class of all just-infinite pro-p-groups of fixed coclass.


Review on RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2, 24kDa), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


VISTTA (Visibility Impairment due to Sulfur Transport and Transformation in the Atmosphere) is a program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to study the effect of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric visibility. During the winter and summer of 1981, plume measurement programs were conducted in the vicinity of the Kincaid power plant near Springfield, Illinois; the Labadie power plant near St. Louis, Missouri; the La Cygne power plant near Kansas City, Missouri; the Magma copper smelter near San Manuel, Arizona; the Phelps-Dodge copper smelter near Douglas, Arizona. This report presents a data base collected during the 1981 VISTTA field program that can be used for plume visibility model evaluation. Specific data from nine sight paths through the Kincaid power plant plume on 20, 24, and 25 February 1981, the Labadie power plant plume on 24 and 29 August 1981, and the San Manuel smelter on 8 September 1981.


Arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in algae was mostly carried out in a medium that contained far higher nutrient concentrations than that in natural freshwaters. The obtained results might have limited environmental validity and result in a failure to describe authentic arsenic biogeochemical cycles in natural freshwater systems. To validate the assumption, arsenic accumulation, and biotransformation in common bloom forming Microcystis wesenbergii was performed under a high nutrient concentration in BG11 medium (N = 250 mg/L, P = 7.13 mg/L), and adjusted low nutrients that mimicked values in natural freshwaters (N = 1.5 mg/L, P = 0.3 mg/L). The growth rate and maximum M. wesenbergii cell density were much lower in the high nutrient set, but more inhibition was shown with increasing ambient iAs(V) concentrations both in the high and low nutrient sets. The proportion of intracellular contents in total arsenicals decreased with increasing iAs(V) concentrations in both high and low nutrient sets but increased with incubation time. Intracellular iAs(III) was not found in the high nutrient set, while it formed high concentrations that could be comparable to that of an extracellular level in the low nutrient set. M. wesenbergii could methylate arsenic, and a higher proportion of organoarsenicals was formed in the low nutrient set. Lower intracellular MMA(V) and DMA(V) concentrations were found in the high nutrient set; contrarily, they presented a higher concentration that could be comparable to the extracellular ones in the low nutrient set. The results demonstrated that different nutrient regimes could affect arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in M. wesenbergii, and low nutrient concentrations could inhibit the excretion of iAs(III), MMA(V) and DMA(V) out of cells. Further investigations should be based on natural freshwater systems to obtain an authentic arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in cyanobacteria.


The author analyzes the changes of Asian man basketball pattern and the reasons of Asian else man basket-ball's rising by Guangzhou Asian Games and Asian championship.After Guangzhou Asian Games,we must be consciousness、develop good qualities and add to the short,the aim is to obtain the pass of the London Olympic Games.


Ionising radiation applied in the thera-py of tumour diseases, are inducing for-mation of various DNA damages. This can interact with DNA molecules and evoke alkaline ionisation and this is the direct effect or through radiolysis of water molecules present in the cell and this is the indirect effect. The molecular structure of water breaks down radiolysis under the influence of radiation. As a result of the water radiolysis, a ve-ry aggressive hydroxyl radical ( •• OH) ari-ses. Numerous experimental data show that the hydroxyl radical is considered to be the main active form of oxygen responsible for the majority of DNA damages. The •• OH radical attack upon DNA generates a whole range of DNA damage, among these modified bases. Some of these modified DNA bases ha-ve a considerable potential to damage the integrity of the genome. And the ri-se in the number of derivatives is the consequence of this process. Some of these lesions may lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and reproductive cell de-ath. Reaction with the chromatin DNA induces single and double-strand breaks in DNA. The free radicals generating in the direct neighbourhood of chromatin can lead to the creation of DNA-pro-tein cross-link. Occurence of such damages leads to disorders of the chromatin structure, which can influence the processes of repair, replication and transcription of DNA in both normal cells and tumour. It is supposed that on-ly the damage of coding places in DNA can make a lethal damage of a cell. Mo-reover, it is considered that parts of DNA devoid of nuclear proteins are most sensitive to damages caused by ionising radiation.


Chapter 1 Remembering Variable Histories Chapter 2 Planning the Past in Port Royal Chapter 3 Tourists Love Pirates Chapter 4 Discovering African Port Royal Chapter 5 A Private Community in the Public Eye


The non-Nernstian behavior of zirconia-based electrochemical cells with various metal oxide electrodes for 0-500 ppm C1-C4 hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide was studied in the presence of 10% oxygen at 600°C. The cell using an In 2 O 3 electrode exhibited a largely negative electromotive force (emf) for propene but gave moderately negative emfs for hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The addition of 0.1 wt% MnO 2 to the In 2 O 3 electrode significantly improved the selectivity of the parent electrode for propene over hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The negative emf of the cell using the MnO 2 -containing In 2 O 3 electrode for the hydrocarbons became enhanced as the carbon number of the hydrocarbon increased, the C-C linkage was unsaturated, and the chain structure was branched. This enhanced effect, as well as the addition effect of MnO 2 , was discussed on the basis of the measurements of the polarization curves of the MnO 2 -containing In 2 O 3 electrode for the hydrocarbons and oxygen and the nonelectrochemical oxidation of the hydrocarbons by oxygen. In addition, the MnO 2 -containing In 2 O 3 electrode for the hydrocarbons was compared with an Au electrode with respect to sensitivity to the hydrocarbons and reproducibility of the sensing properties.


If the pupil is trained to think of the position of any digit of a number with reference to the units digit, he will have no difficulty in answering such questions as the following: " By what power of 10 must the number -0638 be multiplied so as to bring the first significant figure into the units place ?" " By what power of 10 must we divide 7382-7 so as to bring the first significant figure into the units place 1"; or in understanding that " the characteristic of the logarithm of a number whose first significant figure is k places to the left (or right) of the units digit is k (or — k)." In establishing this rule, we simply assume that the logarithm of a number whose first significant figure is in the units place (and which therefore lies between 1 and 10) lies between 0 and 1. Assume for example that 7-382 ^lO;


This paper primarily discusses the measurement of partial discharge (PD) phenomena and clustering in the defect pattern of a cross-linked polyethylene power cable joint. First, a high-speed data acquisition and pretreatment were performed for PD electrical signals at a sampling rate of 20 MS/s. The crucial characteristic signals were reversed to reduce the calculated amount of noise. A characteristic matrix was created according to the resulting dynamic error of chaos synchronization. The characteristic parameters were extracted using the fractal theory. Finally, the extension theory was used to develop a diagnostic system and anti-interference test. A comparison with the existing Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method revealed that the two characteristics extracted from the chaos synchronization results using the fractal theory were recognized at a higher pattern recognition rate by employing the extension theory. The proposed method can extract crucial information concerning PD as a defect in power cable joints.