This preprint specifies and defines all terms, properties, relationships and axioms of ThingFO (Thing Foundational Ontology) v1.3, which is a slightly updated version of its predecessor, ThingFO v1.2. It is an ontology for particular and universal Things placed at the foundational level in the context of a five-tier ontological architecture named FCD-OntoArch (Foundational, Core, Domain and instance Ontological Architecture for sciences). Figure 2 depicts its five tiers, which entail Foundational, Core, Top-Domain, Low-Domain and Instance levels. Two guidelines and three rules that guide the placement and constraints of ontologies in this ontological architecture are documented in a separate section. Each level is populated with ontological components or, in other words, ontologies. Ontologies at the same level can be related to each other, except at the foundational level, where only the ThingFO ontology is found. In addition, ontologies' terms and relationships at lower levels can be semantically enriched by ontologies' terms and relationships from the higher levels. ThingFO and ontologies at the core level such as ProcessCO, SituationCO, among others, are domain independent or neutral. ThingFO is made up of three main concepts, namely: Thing, Thing Category, and Assertion that represents human expressions about different aspects of particular and universal Things. Figure 1 shows the conceptualization of ThingFO specified in the UML language. Note that annotations of updates from the previous version (v1.2) to the current one (v1.3) can be found in Appendix A. Figure 1. ThingFO v1.3: Foundational Ontology for Things, which is placed at the foundational level in the ontological architecture depicted in Figure 2. Annotations of updates from the previous version (v1.2) [11] to the current one (v1.3) can be found in Appendix A. ThingFO v1.3 by Luis Olsina (January, 2022) Figure 2. Allocating the ThingFO component or module in the context of the five-tier ontological architecture so-called FCD-OntoArch (Foundational, Core, Domain and instance Ontological Architecture for sciences) [5, 11]. ThingFO and ontologies at the core level such as SituationCO [10] and ProcessCO [2, 3] are domain independent or neutral. Thing Component – ThingFO v1.3's Terms Term Definition Thing (synonym: Particular Thing, Object, Entity, Instance, Individual) Class or type of a perceivable or conceivable object, or its individuals of a given particular world. Note 1: A Thing as a class represents and implies unique individuals or instances, not a universal category. Therefore, a particular Thing results in instances, whereas a universal Thing (i.e., a Thing Category) does not result in instances, at least with the valuable meaning of individual in a given particular world. Note 2: A Thing is not a particular Thing without its Properties and its Powers, so "things, properties and powers all emerge simultaneously to form a unity" ... "Things, properties and powers are necessary and sufficient for the existence of this unity" [1]. Note 3: A Thing cannot exist or be in spatiotemporal isolation from other Things in a given particular world. In other words, a target Thing is always surrounded by other context Things, in any particular situation. Note 4: In contrast to a particular Thing, that is, a particular class or subclass, the individuals of a class or subclass are not instantiated by further entities. Note 5: A subclass of a particular Thing as a particular class can be represented at any lower level of the ontological architecture (depicted in Figure 2) except at the Instance Ontological Level, where only particular individuals are or exist. See Rule #3, in the "Guidelines and Rules" Section. ThingFO v1.3 by Luis Olsina (January, 2022) Property It refers to the intrinsic constitution, structure, or parts of a particular Thing. Note 1: A Property is one member of the triad that conforms the unique identity named Thing. Note 2: A Property, which is one member of the triad that conforms a particular Thing can be seen as another particular Thing in another situation with its own Properties and Powers. Power It refers to what a particular Thing does, can do or behave. Note 1: A Power is one member of the triad that conforms the unique identity named Thing. Note 2: According to Fleetwood "Powers are the way of acting of a things' properties; powers are a things' properties in action" [1]. Also, he states that "Things have properties, these properties instantiate [...] acting powers, and this ensemble of things, properties and powers cause any events that might occur". Thing Category (synonym: Entity Category, Universal Thing) Class or type that represents a category that predicates on particular Things conceived by a human being's mind for abstraction and classification purposes. Note 1: A Thing Category does not exist, is or can be in a given particular world as a Thing does. Conversely, it may only be formed or developed mentally by human beings. Note 2: A Thing Category as universal does not result in instances –at least with the valuable meaning of individualbut rather can be represented by more specific subcategories of universal Things. Assertion (synonym: Human Expression) Class or type that represents a positive and explicit statement or expression that somebody makes about something concerning Things, or their categories, based on thoughts, perceptions, facts, intuitions, intentions and/or beliefs, conceived with an attempt to provide current or subsequent evidence. Note 1: The part of the previous definition that indicates "...about something concerning Things..." means, for example, about the substance, structure, behavior, relations, situations, quantity, quality, among other aspects of Things. Note 2: The part of the previous definition that indicates "...statement or expression that somebody makes..." means that a concrete human being –as a particular Thingdefines or conceives Assertions. Note 3: In order to be valuable, actionable and ultimately useful for any science, an Assertion should to a great extent be verified and validated by theoretical and/or empirical evidence. Note 4: An Assertion and its instances can be represented and modeled by means of informal, semiformal or formal expressions and specification languages. Note 5: ISO 21838-1 [4] defines the term "expression" as "word or group of words or corresponding symbols that ThingFO v1.3 by Luis Olsina (January, 2022) can be used in making an assertion". Assertion on Particulars It is an Assertion that somebody makes about something of one or more particular Things. Assertion on Universals It is an Assertion that somebody makes about something of one or more Thing Categories. Action-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the interaction and happening of Things since acting Powers cause any events that might occur. Note 1: Particular Things can interact to each other, just as a Thing can act upon itself. See axioms A2 and A3. Note 2: Interrelated Things interact to each other conforming particular situations, i.e., specific circumstances, episodes and events that are of interest for an intended agent. Note 3: Interactions among Things both target entities and context entities in particular situations can be abstracted in generic situations. Allotment-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the assignment of something, which implies the assignment of a Thing to itself or to other Things. Note: For example, a particular resource (method, tool, person, etc.) is assigned to a task in a particular situation. Or, the specific amount of time a person gives him/herself to do an assignment. Or, the specific amount of time a professor gives their students to take a test. Behavior-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the Power, which represents the capability and responsibility that a particular Thing has and/or exhibits. Note: Behavior can be specified for particulars and can also be generalized for universals. Constraint-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the specification of restrictions or conditions imposed on Things, Properties, relationships, interactions or Thing Categories that must be satisfied or evaluated to true in given situations or events. Note: Constraint-related Assertions can be specified for both particulars and universals. Intention-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the aim to be achieved by somebody. Note 1: The statement of an Intention-related Assertion considers the propositional content of a goal purpose in a given situation and time frame. Note 2: Intention-related Assertions can be specified for both particulars and universals. Quality-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the requirements and constraints to be specified regarding the quality (distinguishing characteristic, attribute, or statement item) for a Thing and possibly related entities, which may be evaluable. Note 1: Quality (cost, etc.) requirements and constraints can be specified for a particular Thing in terms of its Properties or Powers, or in terms of both as a whole. ThingFO v1.3 by Luis Olsina (January, 2022) Note 2: Quality requirements and constraints can be specified for particulars and can also be abstracted or generalized for universals. Quantity-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to the countable, measurable and evaluable aspect of a Thing and possibly related entities, which can be specified by means of symbolic or numerical expressions. Note 1: Qualities of Things can be measured, evaluated and analyzed by specifying Quantity-related Assertions and strategies as resources. Note 2: A quantity or a relationship between quantities can be formalized, for instance, by mathematical, statistical or logical expressions. Note 3: Quantity-related Assertions can be specified for both particulars and universals. Relation-related Assertion It is an Assertion related to logical or natural associations between two or mo


A two-dimensional relativistic Vlasov model for a multi-computer environment was developed to address the particle acceleration process in phase space, including situations relevant to forward Raman scattering (FRS) and plasma beatwave acceleration (PBWA). Attention was focused on its accuracy, stability, efficiency properties, and implementation facilities on massively parallel computers. The two-dimensional Vlasov code has been adapted to optimally use the particular parallel architecture of the T3D or T3E computer (both processor's specifications and node-to-node communications). Results obtained on a 64-node Cray T3D clearly show the details of particle acceleration in phase space, including very low density regions where particles-in-cell (PIC) codes simply run out of calculation particles. On the other hand optimization obtained on the T3D architecture leads to a CPU time of 9.5 ?s per time step, per particle, per processor indicating that one processor on the Cray C94 computer is equivalent to 20 processors on the T3D computer. Finally, we note that the Vlasov code is able to achieve high parallel efficiency with scalability of order 2.


The changes in the libraries field of Sumy region at the 90s of XXth – beginning XXIth century are explored in this article. Тhe major problems of the establishments of libraries in Sumschina in the new socio-economic conditions of independent Ukraine and the mainstream activity of development are analyzed here. The role of libraries in the field of patriotic and humanistic education of the population is shown. The attempts to optimize the libraries work in low funding conditions are exposed. The special attention is paid to the implementation of modern information technologies in the library work. Also the article contains recommendations on ways to further libraries developing.


We investigate the effect of channel aspect ratio on the flow performance of a newly introduced spiral-channel viscous micropump. An approximate 2D analytical solution for the flow field, which ignores channel curvature but accounts for a finite wall height, is first developed at the lubrication limit. A number of 3D models for spiral pumps with different aspect ratios are then built and analyzed using the finite volume method. Numerical and analytical results are in good agreement and tend to support one another The results are compared with an approximate 2D analytical solution developed for infinite aspect ratio, which neglects the effect of side walls, and assumes uniform velocity distribution across the channel width. The error in this approximation was found to exceed 5% for aspect ratios less than 10. Pressure and drag shape factors were introduced to express the effect of the pressure difference and boundary velocity on the flow rate at various aspect ratios for both moving and stationary walls


Objective: We investigated independent predictors of post-concussion syndrome after mild head injury. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2007, 66 consecutive patients were diagnosed as post-concussion syndrome among 331 patients with mild head injury admitted to our neurosurgical department. We reviewed retrospectively the medical records and analyzed baseline and socioeconomic data including age, sex, current smoking, alcohol consumption, level of education, employment status, marital status and types of injury. Using multivariate analysis, we evaluated possible factors associated with post-concussion syndrome after mild head injury. Results: The incidence of post-concussion syndrome after mild head injury was 19.9%. Patient's unemployed state was significantly higher among patients with post-concussion syndrome than in the control group (39.4% versus 23.4%, respectively, p=0.008) and the victims of traffic accident were more frequent among patients with post-concussion syndrome than in the control group (81.8% versus 55.1%, respectively, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that unemployed state (odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-4.32, p= 0.008), divorced state (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.06-4.00, p=0.034) and the victims of traffic accident (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.0911.34, p<0.001) are independently associated with post-concussion syndrome after mild head injury. Conclusion: Our result indicated that the victims of traffic accident, unemployed state and divorced state may be independent predictors of postconcussion syndrome after mild head injury. (J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2008;4:31-36)


We have proposed waveguide-type optical circuits for recognition of optical QPSK symbols. The contrast ratio is theoretically discussed and the noise tolerance is numerically clarified.


This paper deals with the quantum-mechanical states of dipolar crystals with two equivalent magnetic ions per unit cell, with or without the presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field. The method used is an extension of the Niemeijer-Meijer method which is based on the classical Luttinger-Tisza approach. The approximation used is that the expectation values of the spin operators, and the spin correlations, are periodic with respect to lattice translations along one crystallographic direction and double lattice translations along the other crystallographic directions. Thus, the problem is reduced to finding the minima of an effective Hamiltonian in the space of wave functions describing a cluster of eight magnetic ions. The eight-spin-wave functions are constructed by using the theory of irreducible representations of the translation and inversion group. The method developed here is applied for the calculation of the ground state of dypsprosium trichloride hexahydrate, the results of which appear in the following companion paper.


T he term developmental dyslexia ("specific reading retardation") refers to an unexpected difficulty in reading in children and adults who otherwise possess the intelligence, motivation, and schooling considered necessary for accurate and fluent reading. The concept has had a chequered career, with debates about its definition, origin, and causes, and indeed about its validity as a distinct entity. Increasingly, however, psychological and epidemiological investigations have lent it respectability and there are strong indications that genetic influences are at work. It is thought to affect between 4 and 7% of children, usually equivalent to a retardation of some 18–24 months in reading relative to expectation. A growing consensus highlights problems with phonological processing as a core deficit in the disorder, hence the focus on phonology in the majority of remedial programmes. The phoneme is the smallest identifiable unit of spoken or heard language, individual phonemes being assembled together in the construction of words. An important task in learning to read appears to consist in appreciating the correspondence between such phonemes and their equivalent representations ("graphemes") in written language. A search is now afoot for possible physiological underpinnings to the condition, and in this, brain imaging has come to make a major contribution, as outlined below.


In her seminal essay on the subject of photography, Susan Sontag (4) suggests that while the written word can never pretend to be anything but an interpretation, photography provides the illusion of transparency and can trick us, concealing the photographer's hand and the ways it is 'haunted by tacit imperatives of taste and conscience'. In this editorial note, we reflect on the relationship between photographs and ethnographic accounts, photographers and ethnographers, and photographic and ethnographic subjects.


This study was conducted on wine consumers to explore their behavioral characteristics concerning their drinking frequency of wine, wine selection factors, and difficulties in selecting wines. Data were collected during February 19th 2014 to April 20th 2014. Respondents were students who were taking classes about wine at a University located in the Gyeonggi-do area. Prior to the analysis, wine consumers were classified based on frequency of consumption: those who consumed wine less than once a month were classified as "Tell me consumers", whereas those who consumed wine once or more a month were classified as "Engage me consumers." The wine selection factors of the two groups were as follows: 'label aspect', 'taste and aroma', 'use purpose', and 'price and recommendation'. Regarding 'label aspect' and 'use purpose', there were significant differences between the two groups. Regarding difficulties in selecting wines, "Tell me consumers" mentioned the following: 'experience', 'price', and 'food pairing'. "Engage me consumers" mentioned the following: 'ability to identify new wines' and 'tastes of others who drink with or oneself'. Classifying domestic wine consumers and their behavioral features of drinking frequency of wine can be used for market segmentation of wine consumers.


By using the alkyl polyglycoside of sweet potato starch and citric acid as the starting materials,a kind of anion surfactant alkyl polyglycoside citric acid ester salt(APG-EC) was synthesized through esterification and neutralization reaction over supported three unified acid by catalyst.The optimum conditions were as follows∶ m(alkyl polyglycoside of sweet potato starch)∶m(citric acid)=4∶1,the degree of vacuum is 0.040 MPa,the reaction temperature is115 ℃,dosage of catalyst is 1.0%.The structure of APG-EC was characterized by IR spectrum.Physico-chemical properties of APG-EC were measured.The results showed that the critical surface tention(γcmc)of APG-EC is 31.9 mN/m.The critical micelle concentration of APG-EC is 5×10-3 g/L.The hydrophile lipcphile balance is 18.The average stability is 5 and difference show stability is 5 5 5 in hard water.Properties were compared with the alkyl polyglycoside of sweet potato starch.It showed that the stability in hard water boosted up clearly.


In order to be able to perform a Spectrum Sensing in a reliably manner we must take in consideration a physical fading model which will fit with the reality presented. In this work we analyze the energy detection characteristics over a generalized fading channel, modeled by the κ-μ distribution. Admitting the noise power estimation error, the worst-case of the probabilities of miss detection and false-alarm, due to the noise uncertainty, are derived under the spectrum utilization constraint. An optimal threshold selection is presented in order to allow the energy detector to operate in regions of low SNR. Field measurements are used to investigate in practice the usefulness of the κ-μ fading channel in cooperative spectrum sensing scenarios. Comparisons are performed against Rice fading model where it is possible to notice a great advantage in using the κ-μ distribution to describe the fading channel.


Based on time-domain analytical expression to pulsed eddy current field of a ferromagnetic pipe, a least squares inverse problem, between the calculated and measured values of induced voltage, is established to determine the wall thickness, conductivity, and relative permeability. And then, the coupling relationship among parameters in the inverse problem is investigated. Furthermore, the inverse problem is reestablished and the method for calculating the relative variation of wall thickness is proposed via taking the ratio of the inversion results between two testing points. Finally, the experiment results on a steel tube indicate that inversion results are independent on the initial value, and can effectively suppress the influence of the magnetic permeability variation, thus the reliability of the thickness testing get improved. Based on the above, a noncontact pulsed eddy current testing method is presented for measuring the relative wall thickness of ferromagnetic pipes. It can be used for nondestructive evaluation of wall-thinning corrosion of in-service coated ferromagnetic tube.


As one attempts to investigate the development of this subject he is overwhelmed with a mass of literature written upon the ethmoid and is made cognizant of the fact that for the past fifty years otolaryngologists have found this subject an interesting and puzzling one, and that while there has been some progress made in the development of the nonoperative treatment, there is still much to be desired. Jonathan Wright once said that he hoped or believed that the time would come when there would be no operative work done on the accessory sinuses, and I sincerely hope that his prophecy may be realized, but with our present understanding and treatment of this condition I feel that the millennium is still far away. Hence I do not feel that I should be apologetic for this paper, but rather that I am offering for discussion a subject which is of common interest and will be so as long as we have rhinologists and the rhinologists have patients. However, within the past fifteen or twenty years, we have had the advent of some excellent investigators who have given of themselves unsparingly that we might better understand the anatomy of the ethmoid and have devised for us some excellent operations, both intranasal and external, for the relief of this condition when it becomes operative.


In this paper, the accidental release of hydrogen from cryogenic liquid storage tank and the subsequent consequences are studied including hydrogen cold cloud, fire ball, jet fire, flash fire, and vapor cloud explosion. The cold effect, thermal effects and explosion overpressures from the above consequences are evaluated using IGC and TNO harm criteria. Results show that for instantaneous releases of liquid hydrogen, the sequence of harm effect distances is that vapor cloud explosion>flash fire>cold cloud> fireball. For continuous releases of liquid hydrogen, the sequence of harm effect distances is that vapor cloud explosion>jet fire>flash fire>cold cloud. The vapor cloud explosion is the leading consequence of both instantaneous and continuous releases and may be used for the determination of safety distances of a liquid hydrogen tank. Besides, the harm effect distances of liquid hydrogen tank are compared with those of compressed hydrogen storages with equivalent mass. Results show that the liquid hydrogen storage may be safer than 70MPa gaseous storage in case of leak scenario but may be more dangerous than 70MPa storage in case of catastrophic rupture. It is difficult to tell which storage is safer from a consequence perspective. Further investigation need to be made from a standpoint of risk, which combined both consequences and the likelihood of scenarios. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In order to make hydrogen-powered vehicles to travel as long distance as the gasoline-powered vehicles, more hydrogen needs to be carried onboard. Liquid hydrogen can be stored and transported in much larger quantities than compressed hydrogen and may be considered as an alternative storage for hydrogen vehicles. Hydrogen vehicles such as buses require longer range capabilities and longer hours of operation and in these applications liquid hydrogen may be considered as an attractive storage. Despite the fact that the high complexity of the storage and refilling systems makes it more suitable for large amounts or long distances, automobile producers like BMW and GM applied liquid storage technology in their hydrogen cars, internal combustion engines and fuel cells, respectively. Besides issues with hydrogen boil-off, liquefaction, weight, volume and tank cost need to be addressed, safety issue are also a critical concern for use of liquid hydrogen. Compared with compressed hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen has much lower storage pressure. Thus the risk caused by high pressure can be reduced. However new hazards such as cold effects are introduced by cryogenic hydrogen release with extremely low temperature. The safety issues on cryogenic liquid hydrogen for on-board hydrogen storage need further investigation. This paper studies the accidental release of hydrogen from cryogenic liquid storage tank and calculates the subsequent consequences such as hydrogen cold cloud, fire ball, jet fire, flash fire, and vapor cloud explosion. The cold effect, thermal effects and explosion overpressures from the hydrogen consequences are evaluated. The harm effect distances of liquid hydrogen tank are also compared with those of 70MPa compressed hydrogen storage with equivalent mass. The term" harm effect distances" used in this paper is based on harm criteria in IGC ref. 75/07/E[1], in which the severity of consequences can be defined at two levels: harm criteria and no harm criteria. As to people, an approximation value of 1% probability of fatality to a general population for "harm" and 0.1% probability of fatality for "no harm" are suggested.


Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have demonstrated high optical and electrical properties, even better than those of indium tin oxide thin films, and are expected to be a next generation transparent conducting electrode (TCE). Enhanced electrical and optical properties are achieved when the diameter of the AgNWs in the network is fairly small, i.e., typically less than 30 nm. However, when AgNWs with such small diameters are used in the network, stability issues arise. One method to resolve the stability issues is to increase the diameter of the AgNWs, but the use of AgNWs with large diameters has the disadvantage of causing a rough surface morphology. In this work, we resolve all of the aforementioned issues with AgNW TCEs by the electrodeposition of Ag onto as-spin-coated thin AgNW TCEs. The electrodeposition of Ag offers many advantages, including the precise adjustment of the AgNW diameter and wire-to-wire welding to improve the junction conductance while minimizing the increase in protrusion height due to the overlap of AgNWs upon increasing the diameter. In addition, Ag electrodeposition on AgNW TCEs can provide higher conductance than that of as-spin-coated AgNW TCEs at the same transparency due to the reduced junction resistance, which generates superior figure of merit. We applied the electrodeposited AgNW network to a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cell and compared the device performance to a device with a standard sputtered transparent conducting oxide. The cell fabricated by the electrodeposition method showed nearly equal performance to that of a cell with the sputtered transparent conducting oxide. We expect that electrodeposited AgNW networks can be used as high-performance and robust TCEs for various optoelectronic applications.


This paper investigates heat transfer and freezing rate of meat undergoing different freezing regimes. Experimental work was carried out on raw beef slices undergoing freezing by salt bath immersion, indirect contact plate freezing, liquid nitrogen immersion and liquid nitrogen spray freezing. The temperature distribution through each sample was measured using thermocouples fixed at different locations. A simple liquid nitrogen spray freezer was designed and built for these tests. Freezing rate influences ice crystal size and therefore the quality of the product after thawing. To predict the freezing time of these foods, a mathematical model based on finite differences was built and solved using MATLAB. The simulated results are compared with the experimental measurements conducted with different methods of freezing.


The Author, of National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan, discusses theoretical investigations of wave-excited ship vibrations (springing) in regular waves and confused seas. For deterministic analysis, a step-by-step approach is linked with the transfer matrix technique for determining the springing response in regular waves. The main advantage of the transfer matrix technique is its systematic formulation, and one of the major features of the step-by-step approach is its generality. This approach can be used to tackle the sinusoidal or non-periodic vibration problems. Through the application of the present approach the effects on springing of vibratory deflection, ship motions, and the time rate of change of sectional added mass (dm'/dt) are also studied. For statistical analysis, the ship behaviour in confused seas has generally been predicted with "short-term" springing response in most of the existing information. This "short-term" value, which is obtained by combining the deterministic analysis results and wave spectra, cannot be the basis of ship design since it cannot predict the probabilistic maximum springing response over the ship's lifetime. For practical application, the "short-term" value needs to be extrapolated into the "long-term" value. This further step has been completed in the present paper. For a ship in regular waves, the influence on springing of the key parameters such as draught, ship speed, and heading angle is also examined, and the theoretical explanation for the trend of springing response to each influencing factor is presented.


This study draws on data from the IEA Civic Education Study to provide a secondary analysis of selected latent dimensions identified for their potential to demonstrate the extent to which Australian students' civic attitudes support the development of social capital. Four latent dimensions are examined using item‐by‐score maps and Australian students' item frequencies. This methodology is able to show empirically the level of endorsement of the items that make up the latent dimensions considered to be important for the development of social capital. In general, Australian students have positive attitudes towards conditions supporting social capital formation but significant gender differences are identified for two of the latent dimensions. At the same time, the study also identifies a minority of students who have negative attitudes towards conditions supporting social capital. The implications of these results for civic education are discussed, including the use of single sex classes where different emphases can be highlighted to meet specific gender needs.


ZnZrO/Mg-Si-ZSM-5 tandem catalysts enable CO2 hydrogenation to para-xylene (PX) with PX selectivity up to 28% and a proportion of PX in xylene up to 84%. SiO2 and MgO modification increases the PX selectivity by reducing the Brønsted acid sites and reducing the pore size of the zeolite.


The paper points out the necessity for textbook construction in higher vocational colleges in terms of fostering students?talents. It believes that higher vocational math textbooks construction is a basic and key project to realize the achievement in the field, also puts forward the relationships between knowledge and capacity which are to be coped with in the process of setting up the textbooks. At the same time, the paper illustrates the coordination between teaching process and social practice, the bilateral tasks of knowledge teaching and techniques fulfillment.


Tawarruq is one of the sharia transaction schemes that can be used as an alternative for parties needing cash urgently. The scheme is a way for related parties to avoid usury activities. In Sharia financing, this contract was developed by ulema to adapt to society's sociological and economic development over time. The results of this study are manifested in Islamic financing agreements. Bai' al-inah and tawarruq are two types of financing in sharia economic law. However, tawarruq seems to be still in the debate whether it is allowed or prohibited, while bai' al-inah is forbidden because of the nash hadith which forbids it. In traditional societies, this scheme is applied between individuals, whereas today it has begun to be applied in Islamic financial institutions, especially abroad. One of the obstacles faced in implementing this scheme is the lack of public understanding due to the limited literature on this scheme, especially the literature in Indonesian.


Rachel serves as a liaison between the many organizations and leaders in Kansas City with an interest in the ultra high-speed Google Fiber project and the Google Fiber team. She will talk about the Google Fiber Project - why Google is doing this, why they selected Kansas City for their first fiber-to-the-home network, what this might mean for the community, and the current status of the project. She will also touch on how STEM education -- including computer science -- can bolster infrastructure growth and innovation around the world.


4006 Background: Some studies in patients with resected pancreatic cancer have suggested that expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) may be predictive of improved survival from gemcitabine but these have either been based on retrospective non-randomized studies or in one study the principal treatment was chemoradiation. The samples collected from the adjuvant ESPAC1/3 randomized trials have provided a unique opportunity to assess to REMARK standards the therapeutic predictability of hENT1 in patients undergoing resection for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Tissue Microarrays (TMAs) were prepared using paraffin embedded tumor specimens from patients randomized to gemcitabine or 5FU/Folinic acid in the ESPAC-1 and -3 trials. Cores were given an H-Score depending on the level of staining with the 10D7G2 anti-hENT1 antibody. Groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: Scores were obtained for 176 gemcitabine treated and 176 5FU treated patients. The...


We have carried out a comprehensive analysis of all Betelgeu se calibration observations obtained to date with the HRC. Betelgeuse is undetected in al l of the individual observations as well as cumulatively. We find that the expected exposure ti m for detection is> 1 Ms for aimpoint observations for both HRC-I and HRC-S, and therefo re recommend discontinuing them. We also find that the predicted count rate due to the UV/o ptical flux is sufficient to have already resulted in a detection for observations carried ou t over the thin filter regions at large offaxis angles of the HRC-S. The non-detections therefore sugg est that the out-of-band response must be decreased, by a factor < 0:3. We also recommend consolidating the observations over the outer wing plate into a single one at an off-axis angle of −250.


Solution equilibria and relevant stability constants for M(II)-pyridoxine (PN)(A) [M(II) = Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)], and M(II)-PN(A)-imidazole containing ligands (B) [B = imidazole (him), benzimidazole (bim), histamine (hist), and l-histidine (his)] in aqueous solution have been determined by a pH metric method at 310 K and I = 0.15 M NaClO4. The complexation model for each system has been established by the MINIQUAD-75 program. The probable binding mode in the binary and ternary species was discussed based upon the derived stability constants. The concentration distributions of various species formed in solution were evaluated. The stability of ternary complexes follows the Irving–Williams order of metal ions, which was quantitatively (Δ log K, log X, and % RS) compared with their corresponding binary complexes. In terms of the ligands (B), the stability of the complexes follows him > bim > hist > his. The molecular geometry of the complexes formed in solution between the ligands and M(II) was determi...


This paper presents the super-twisting algorithm (STA) direct power control (DPC) scheme for the control of active and reactive powers of grid-connected DFIG. Simulations of 5 KW DFIG has been presented to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in the presence of uncertainties with respect to vector control (VC). The proposed controller schemes with fixed gains are effective in reducing the ripple of active and reactive powers, effectively suppress sliding-mode chattering and the effe This paper presents a comparative study of two approaches for the direct power control (DPC) of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based on wind energy conversion system (WECS). Vector Control (VC) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The simulation results of the DFIG of 5 KW in the presence of various uncertainties were carried out to evaluate the capability and robustness of the proposed control scheme. The (SMC) strategy is the most appropriate scheme with the best combination such as reducing high powers ripple, diminishing steady-state error in addition to the fact that the impact of machine parameter variations does not change the system performance. cts of parametric uncertainties not affecting system performance.


On the 27th January 2014, the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) announced that Peter Nigel Snee had appeared before Westminster Magistrates Court to face a charge under section 188 of the Enterprise…


This chapter focuses on the German IPO market from 1997 to 2015. More specifically, it provides a descriptive overview of the IPO activities in Germany in the last two decades, and analyzes the IPO market's dependence on the yearly return and turnover of the German stock market. It shows that most IPOs and highest volumes were observed during the dot-com bubble phase (1997–2000) and that the German IPO market's liquidity shows a stable development in the last years after the subprime crisis. The results of the regression analyses show that the IPO market activity strongly depends on the overall stock market turnover. But the stock market returns play a subordinated role for the IPO market liquidity in Germany.


Thero are fewer pl-iysicians in Finland t.han in the Scandinavian countries, 1 t o 1400 inhabitants. This indicates a,n obvious short>age of physicians in this country. There itre 112 pediat,ricians in Finland, 56% of which arc: men. Sixty of those (43%) are in Helsinki, and only 26 (39 yo) live outside the three biggest cities of Helsinki, Turkn and Tampere. Of the pediatricians $ are engaged in hospital work, f in preventjive medicine and 13 are mainly engaged in private practice. There are a t present 20 t,raining posh a t university hospitals and the period of req~iiretl training i s between 3 to 4 years. In addition to this a complete training program is provided by the Helsinki City Pediatric Hospit,al (Aurora) and t,he biggest of the cent>ral hospitals, that a t Tampere. Partial training can be obtained at some central hospit,als whore the number of pediatric beds exceeds :t certain minimum and tho chief pediatrician fulfils requirements of academic standing. Of such partial training posts t,here are a t present, 15. To complet,e their pediatric training, physicians from these places have to serve for some time at) a university pediatric department,. Before final certification everybody has to pass an exa.mination. Under prc-sent, circumst>ances 6 t o 7 pediatricians qiialify yearly. Whcn t,hr passibilities of t'he partially t raining hospitals are fully used an addit>ional 5 will qualify yearly. At the moment 18 pcdiitt,ric posts are vacant, and several new ones will bc established in t.ho near fut,nre. Presnming t'hat as before, of pediat'ricians will go into hospital work these vaca.nt posts can be expected t'o be filled after about. 5 years. Considering a11 fact,ors t'hc number of working petliatiicians in Finland in 1980 shoiiltl btx about 260, which would be enough to fulfil t.hc needs of the hospit'als but, not, of thc ot'her sectors of pediatrics not at, least, 7vit.h the present, scope of training programs.


SUMMARY MESSAGE: Although there is some evidence to suggest that cranberry protects against urinary tract infections, the literature is conflicting and strong scientific validation is missing. There is, however, minimal risk in the consumption of cranberry products and they may be a suitable alternative to low-dose antibiotics in urinary tract infection prophylaxis.


Inelastic cross sections ({sigma}) and analyzing powers (A) for states in {sup 14}C have been measured from {theta}{sub lab} = 19.5{degrees} to 47.5{degrees} with 200 MeV polarized protons. Angular distributions of protons leading to excited states at E{sub x}=6.09 (1{sup -}) , 6.59 (0{sup +}), 6.73 (3{sup -}), 7.01 (2{sup +}), 7.34 (2{sup -}), 8.32 (2{sup +}), 11.7 (4{sup -}), 15.2 (4{sup -}), and 17.3 (4{sup -}) MeV have been extracted from the data. The results are compared to DWIA calculations using formfactors from electron scattering and different effective interactions. Comparisons for the 4{sup -} stretched transitions at 15.2 and 17.3 MeV indicate that the isoscalar spin-orbit and/or the isoscalar tensor parts of the Franey-Love interaction are too strong.


This thesis offers views on the resident interests and participation in energy refurbishment processes by qualitatively analysing nine thematic resident interviews. Urban areas and buildings largely contribute to energy consumption and carbon emissions. The ageing building stock across Europe offers a window of opportunity for large scale energy refurbishments. Urban sustainability and participatory planning, the framework theories of this thesis, are both threaded by the lack of social focus, reflected in the lack of residential focus in housing refurbishments. Residents' main interests include economic reasoning, quality of life, and energy and environment. Economic reasoning includes concern of costs, interest in energy bill savings and stable living costs, and property value increase, indicating a rising market demand. Quality of life includes building condition, comfort, visual aspects, ease of maintenance, interest in technology, and preference on either shared or private systems. Environmental motivations vary and seem to correlate with one's faith in the effect of individuals and communities in solving climate issues. Good process practices facilitating trust include: activation of different information channels when refurbishments are approaching, personal and technical planning support, and a strong house strategy communicating residents the justifications and their areas of interest. Neighbourhood examples motivate residents and help them plan their own projects. As refurbishments make residents more proudly develop their houses and neighbourhoods, resident ambassadors can be used to replicate the experiences. Sharing and networking are already in place, but lack of promoting the sense of community may hinder such development. Existing co-planning reflects residents' strong position as stakeholders. Differences in participation power are found between housing cooperative boards and other residents. The boards dominate planning, justifying it with technical expertise and the difficulty of including everyone. This is accepted if an open communication culture is on place, as house meetings offer other residents a place to get informed and participate in decision making. The idea of including residents into planning is emerging. Participation benefits include residents offering good ideas, gaining knowledge, and achieving a stronger sense of community. Information and inclusion make residents more engaged to the development, speeding up decision making. A process model for participatory refurbishments is presented. Apart from the resident drivers active in house and neighbourhood levels, four challenging resident groups are identified: the unsocial, the objectors, the uninformed, and the unheard. Resident segmentation offers a good tool for identifying motivators to engage residents, as well as identify their needs as project participants.


Studies were undertaken to identify the key factors affecting air exchange rates in typical Australian piggery buildings in order to predict and control ventilation/air exchange rates and potentially emission of airborne pollutants from piggery buildings. One hundred and sixty piggery building were included in the study and air exchange rates were monitored in the buildings using a CO2 mass balance method between Autumn of 1997 and Autumn of 1999. The characteristics of the buildings and ventilation systems used were documented to identify the roles of these factors in influencing air exchange rates. A general linear model (GLM PROC) statistical procedure was used to predict the effects of engineering features of livestock housing on ventilation rates. A mean air exchange rate of 22.8/h was measured across all buildings. Air exchange rates were primarily affected by the type of ventilation system used, height (size) of ventilation openings, stocking density (kg/m3), length, width and height of the buildings. There was no statistically significant difference between winter and summer ventilation rates. The high ventilation rates in winter are potentially compromising the thermal control capacity of piggery buildings. However, very high ventilation rates are required in summer to keep temperatures under control. The study findings aided developing strategies for the industry to improve ventilation control.


The diagonal ensemble is the infinite time average of a quantum state following unitary dynamics. In analogy to the time average of a classical phase space dynamics, it is intimately related to the ergodic properties of the quantum system giving information on the spreading of the initial state in the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. In this work we apply a concept from quantum information, known as total correlations, to the diagonal ensemble. Forming an upper-bound on the multipartite entanglement, it quantifies the combination of both classical and quantum correlations in a mixed state. We generalize the total correlations of the diagonal ensemble to more general $\alpha$-Renyi entropies and focus on the the cases $\alpha=1$ and $\alpha=2$ with further numerical extensions in mind. Here we show that the total correlations of the diagonal ensemble is a generic indicator of ergodicity breaking, displaying a sub-extensive behaviour when the system is ergodic. We demonstrate this by investigating its scaling in a range of spin chain models focusing not only on the cases of integrability breaking but also emphasize its role in understanding the transition from an ergodic to a many body localized phase in systems with disorder or quasi-periodicity.


The utility model relates to a highly precise pressure durability test instrument for a easy-open can cover, which comprises a control box, a bottom support, and a cover holding member. The bottom support is embedded on the upper end surface of the control box, the cover holding member is embedded coaxially onto the upper opening of the bottom support for the sealing. A plurality of press boards are all arranged on the upper end surface of the control box on the outside of the cover body holding member. The end portion of each press board is pressed onto the upper end surface of the cover holding member, the air pipe embedded on the bottom of the bottom support is respectively connected with the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve in the air path system in the control box. The test instrument is characterized in that a bracket is mounted on the upper end surface of the control box, an upper pressing block for the cover is coaxially provided inside the cover holding member, a micro-switch mounted on the end portion of the bracket is suspended above the upper pressing block of the cover body, the output end of the micro-switch is connected with the coil of a relay; the normally closed contact of the relay is connected with the control end of the air inlet valve, the normally opened contact is connected with the control end of the air outlet valve. According to the utility model, artificial interference is not needed, when the air inlet valve stops working, the value of the pressure currently displayed can be recorded, and the result of the test is high in precision.


This paper shows perfect security analysis of BB84 protocol under four kinds of eavesdropping strategies. BB84 protocol has been proved to be unconditionally secure even using the Duan-guo probabilitic quantum cloning machine. It is shown that the quantum bit error rate which Alice and Bob estimated after sifted key reduces to 20.7% in the Duan-Guo probabilitic cloning scheme. The quantum key distribution of BB84 protocol is simulated on the computer at the end of the paper.


The surfaces of soft polyurethanes (with elastic moduli of 7 and 50 MPa) treated by plasma immersion ion implantation were studied; the materials became hard and wrinkled. The characteristics of the modified surface (modulus, roughness, wave and fractal parameters, linear deformation) and the cross-sectioned layer were studied in relation to the treatment regime and the modulus of the polymer. A hypothesis that the wrinkling was solely caused by thermal expansion was checked but rejected. The cross-section of the treated material had a hard part of a certain thickness and a transition zone. The elastic modulus of the hard part was estimated by the finite element method. A comparison of the obtained thicknesses with calculations by TRIM software indicated that the latter gave underestimated results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45983.


The mythological Yellow Emperor has long been familiar to students of early Chinese literature as the patron or alleged author of texts and thus as the origin of important knowledge. This article explores how the Yellow Emperor could be used to organize information in the compilation of heterogeneous texts. I argue that the manuscript text Shiliu jing from the early Han tomb three at Mawangdui derives chronological order from the narrative framing as dialogues between the Yellow Emperor and his interlocuters. The chronological order becomes visible in part through the different titles used for the Yellow Emperor. The recognition of the paratextual function of the Yellow Emperor narrative not only orders the heterogeneous material compiled in the text but also provides additional interpretive cues.


GF-3 is the Chinese Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite mission with scientific and commercial applications, which will be launched in 2016. The ortho-rectification image combined with the DEM data can only be satisfied with the applications of the high resolution radar image, the data quantity with wide-breadth also put forward higher request to the automation processing. The Reverse-Range-Doppler method was used to ortho-rectified the SAR image of GF-3 satellite based on the Range-Doppler model in this paper. It not only ensures the correction precision, but also simplifies the iteration steps about DEM data, and improves the efficiency of automatic processing.


This study analyzes and interprets both spatial and economic data regarding the Alaskan cruise market between 1994 and 2003. Eight research questions guide the research effort toward providing a better understanding of variations occurring in ship size, ship age, number of passengers, cruise line participation, embarkation and debarkation ports, ports-of-call, visits to scenic sites, and passenger fares. The status, trends, and future prospect for Alaskan cruising, based on substantial growth identified, bode well for the Alaskan geographic cruise market.


Introduction. This article presents the results on the detection rate of occupational diseases (OD) among health workers for an 18-year period (2000-2017) in the North-West Federal District (NWFD). The purpose of the study is to study the structure and dynamics of occupational diseases in medical workers during periodic medical examinations, to assess the effectiveness of the system of periodic medical examinations (PME), and to suggest ways to improve their effectiveness. material and methods. A retrospective analysis of archival data from 2000-2017 was performed on occupational morbidity of health care workers according to the materials of the North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health and regional centers of occupational pathology of subjects of the North-West Federal District (N = 259), the average age of the surveyed is 46.1 ± 11.8 years, of which 231 (89%) women, 28 (11%) men, 80 surveyed (30.9%) have the status of a doctor, 124 (47.9%) - nurses and 55 (21.2%) - laboratory technicians, nurses, etc. Results. During the study period from 2000 to 2017 among the medical workers of the NWFD, 259 primary OD cases were officially identified. At the same time, the effectiveness of PME in medical workers was established to be very low. More than 7.2% of patients with OD signs were identified upon the fact that the patient actively sought medical attention. Even the system of clinical examination of the working population (where there is no explicit task to actively detect the OD signs) has a performance index by 3% higher than the PME. Conclusion. The problem we have touched upon is probably related to a complex of both medical (features of the organization of the PME system) and social factors (subjective assessments of the patient with respect to the prospect of benefits or negative effects in terms of continuing their professional career after official registration of the OD) in order to establish more accurately long laborious research.


Graphene, a single atomic layer of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, is attracting much attention owing to its very interesting physical properties. Graphene can be formed in a most industrially practical way through epitaxial growth of graphene on surfaces of SiC crystals, which can be conducted on epitaxial films. The challenge for graphene on cubic SiC/Si (GOS) production is its inclusion of defects, which is related to the to the large lattice mismatch (~20%) present between the cubic SiC film and the Si substrate. This large lattice mismatch induces a significant tensile stress accumulated in the SiC film. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the residual stress in the cubic SiC film and the quality of GOS. As a result, the correlation of the quality of epitaxial GOS is negatively correlated with the residual stress of the cubic SiC films grown on the Si substrates. This has been systematically demonstrated by use of a series of cubic SiC films formed on Si(110) substrates with varied residual stress. The formation of graphene on cubic SiC on Si(110) substrates is divided into two steps. The first step, the heteroepitaxy of cubic SiC consists of a buffer-layer formation at 600°C followed by formation of the cubic SiC thin film. After the cubic SiC growth, graphene was formed on the SiC surface as the second step by annealing the sample at 1250°C in vacuo. The residual stress of the cubic SiC film and the grain size of graphene were estimated with Raman-scattering spectroscopy while the crystallinity of the cubic SiC film was evaluated by x-ray diffraction, as shown in figure 1 and 2. In figure 3, the result shows that the more the residual stress is reduced the better the GOS quality it becomes. In particular, use of the rotated epitaxial film of cubic SiC formed on Si(110) substrate, which gives the lowest residual stress, is found to produce a graphene with one of the best quality ever obtained in GOS. It is understood that the residual stress of cubic SiC somehow influences the quality of the cubic SiC film, which serves as the template for the epitaxy of GOS. The revealed GOS quality improvement opens new opportunities for the mass production of high-performance GOS-based electronic devices.


This issue contains poetry and visual poetry from Carol Watts, Daniel Sluman, David Caddy, Edwina Attlee and Sasha Valeri Millwood, Iain Britton, James Brookes, Ira Lightman, Mark Burnhope, H.E. Spencer, James Byrne, James Wilkes, Ken Edwards, Nancy Gaffield, Ken Taylor, Patricia Debney, Peter Hughes, Amy Cutler, Rick Crilly, Iain Britton, Mendoza, and Verity Spott along with fiction from Lucy Sheerman, and essays by Sian Ede, Ian Brinton, Elinor Cleghorn. ALSO artwork from Emmy Verschoor (cover image), Kate Powell, thequietscribe, and Holly Henderson.


This chapter explores how, in the final stages of The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics, Heidegger demonstrates the manner in which we can travel upstream from the metaphysical quagmire of our situation in order to access deeper and more essential knowledge of the human, metaphysics, and physis. To facilitate this move, Heidegger considers it necessary to review what has been garnered from the study of our contemporary situation and its expression through the media of Kulturphilosophie and biology. The chapter argues that Heidegger's hope throughout the lecture course has been that, by coming to know the essential distinctions that arise in these fields in all their superficiality, we will enable ourselves to go deeper into the attunement of profound boredom, and eventually to replace the contemporary opposition between life and spirit with a more primordial understanding of the human and its status within physis.


In this work we discuss outflow boundary conditions for blood flow simulations in the circle of Willis in a patient-specific case, where the patient has an aneurysm and severe atherosclerosis. For this case, we demonstrate that commonly used resistance outflow boundary condition based on normal physiology yields a significantly different blood flow division in the media and anterior arteries than what is measured with ∗e-mail:email@example.com †e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com ‡e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com §e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com ¶e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com


The compounds Rb3Sb2Br9, Rb3Sb2I9, Rb3Bi2Br9, Rb3Bi2I9, and Tl3Bi2Br9 were synthesized and their crystal structures determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compounds Rb3Sb2Br9, Rb3Sb2I9, and Rb3Bi2I9 crystallize in the Tl3Bi2I9 type of structure (space group P21/n, no. 14). Rb3Bi2Br9 and Tl3Bi2Br9 crystallize in a new but closely related type of structure (space group P21/a, no. 14). Both structure types feature characteristic double layers comprising corner-sharing EX6 octahedra. The space groups are set in a way that the stacking direction of the layers is the [001] direction. The group-subgroup relations to cubic perovskite ABO3 are discussed. Differences between M3E2X9 types are attributed to distortions of the underlying MX3 close packing. Depending on the atomic size ratio, the distortions are quantified by an order parameter.


A holistic assessment of the EU Justice Scoreboard throughout all its editions reveals an undergoing metamorphosis from a non-binding descriptive tool to a more powerful governance instrument. As a consequence, the Scoreboard has multiple spillover effects within and outside of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Ergo, the question arising is if the quality of the data provided justifies this transformation and the growing importance of the instrument for the future. A thorough analysis of the Scoreboard casts doubt on this.


English promoters and settlers were active participants in the settlement of the numerous islands adjacent to the continental Americas. During the two centuries after 1600, English men and women, operating under the auspices of chartered companies, proprietary groups, or the Crown, established thirteen separate island colonies: Bermuda, Barbados, the four Leeward Island colonies of Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Kitts, and Jamaica during the first six decades of the seventeenth century; the Bahamas in the early eighteenth century; the Virgin Islands in the 1750s; and the four ceded islands of Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent, and Tobago just after the Seven Years' War. Two of these island colonies, Bermuda and the Bahamas, were in the Atlantic, the rest in the West Indies. Later, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, the British acquired St. Lucia from the French and Trinidad from the Spanish. Every polity answered directly to the metropole. If the Leeward Islands had a common governor, each of the four islands also had its own lieutenant governor and a local system of governance with exclusive jurisdiction over the island's internal affairs. Unlike the Atlantic islands of Bermuda and the Bahamas, which were of marginal economic or strategic importance within Britain's larger American empire, the early West Indian settlements had, by the late seventeenth century, become the nation's most valuable American colonies.


The requirements of interactive drafting systems are presented. Databases are outlined and a specific implementation for a drafting system oriented towards the production of drawings for buildings is described. The data in this database can be simply generated from direct input to the drafting system or from the output of a design system. An example is given.


General information, serving as background to this paper, may be found in J. Dawe and W. Lord's Functional Business Communication (Prentice Hall) and the two-volume Handbook of Technical Writing Practices, edited by Stello Jordan (Wiley Publishing Co.). More useful were my discussions with Harry Baumer, in charge of the Purchasing Department at the University of Florida, who interested me in the subject and provided sample documents for my study.


In this paper, through analyzing the basic structure and working principle of electric load simulators, the mathematical model of simulators is established and the mechanism of superfluous torque is analyzed. An integrated control strategy combing repetitive control and PID control is proposed in this paper. The repetitive control is used to improve the steady state characteristics of the system, and PID control is to improve the dynamic characteristics. The simulation results show that the control method is effective to restrain superfl uous torque and improve steady precision and dynamic performance of the system.


Taras Bondar & Iryna Holoviichuk Purpose : elucidation of the motives and interests of adolescents regarding forms of physical activity in health and recreation facilities. Material & Methods: in a sociological study, adolescents aged 10–15 years participated in children's health and recreation facilities. Results: in the process of analyzing the survey data, it was found that for adolescent boys, regardless of age, in the exercise and sports, the existence of certain rules and boundaries is very important, which affects their interest and motivation. For girls, on the contrary, the existence of rules and boundaries is a factor that reduces the interest in physical exercises. The presence of emotional coloring and a variety of motor modes, on the contrary, stimulate girls' creativity and imagination, which leads to their enjoyment of motor activity. Conclusions: in the process of analyzing the survey data, the diversity and non-standard interests of adolescents in physical education and sports and the gender characteristics of their motivation were established. The identified need for the development of organizational and managerial technologies that will take into account the interests and motives of adolescents, with the aim of their active involvement in motor activity.


Scientific and objective evaluation on the safety operation of underground mine scraper is able to effectively reduce the probability of accidents caused by personnel,equipment,environment,and management factors,improve the safety level of underground mine scraper operation.An ANP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied,and the personnel,equipment,and management system involving the scraper operation are taken as the research subject.A systematic analysis on various safety elements concerning the scraper operation is conducted and the practical situation of certain metal mine is combined with.Then an overall evaluation index system for the scraper operation is established,and the weights for the indexes of first and second classes are determined.The results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation indicate that the operation of target layer-underground mine scraper is unsafe and appropriate measures need to be take in order to reduce the risk factors of dangers.The research results verify that the method is both scientific and effective,and is able to be applied to the risk control and management concerning underground scraper operation.


Reaction of [PdCl2{NH2CH(Me)Ph}2]1 with AgCIO4(1 : 2) gave a solution containing an orthopalladated complex 2. Addition to this solution of neutral ligands or NaBr led to isolation of the complexes [Pd{C6H4[CH(Me)NH2-2]}(L2)]CIO4[L = pyridine 3a, L2= cycloocta-1,5-diene(cod)3b or 2,2′-bipyridine 3c] or [{Pd{C6H4[CH(Me)NH2-2]}(µ-Br)}2]4, respectively. Reaction of 4 with PPh3 or Tl(acac)(Hacac = acetylacetone) gave [Pd{C6H4[CH(Me)NH2-2]}Br(PPh3)]5 or [Pd{C6H4[CH(Me)NH2-2]}(acac)]6, respectively. Complexes 1, 4 and 5 can be obtained optically pure by using (R)-(+)- or (S)-(–)-α-methylbenzylamine as starting material. The solid-state crystal structures of 3b and R-5 were determined at low temperatures. In both complexes the palladium atom adopts the usual square-planar co-ordination. The major angular distortion is associated with the small bite of the chelating ligand (80.8 and 81.2°, respectively). The weaker trans influence of the cod ligand in 3b accounts for ca. 0.02 A longer Pd–N and Pd–C bonds in R-5 than in 3b. Short contacts between the perchlorate anion or bromo ligand in 3b or R-5 with the amino group (N ⋯ O 3.06 or N ⋯ Br 3.41 A, respectively) probably represent hydrogen bonds.


The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation in September 2013 are as follows.The polar vortex stretches and splits with its main body located at Western Hemisphere and blocking emerging to the north of Caspian Sea.The Northwest Pacific subtropical high is stronger and more westward extended than normal.The monthly mean precipitation amount is 69.3 mm,which is 6.1%more than normal.There are a series of notable autumn rainfall processes over western China while moderate-to-severe drought appears in northern Henan with precipitation less than 20%of normal.The monthly mean temperature is 16.8℃,being 0.2℃ higher than normal.There are 2 large-range heavy rainfall processes over China,and one of them is related with tropical cyclone.There are 8 tropical cyclones generated in the Northwest Pacific,among which Usagi(1319) is the strongest typhoon that lands at the east coast of Guangdong Province in the recent 40 years.17 provinces(regions,cities) suffer from severe wind and hail disasters.Central and eastern China is hit by haze.


On the basis of Reissner's mixed variational theorem, a unified formulation of finite layer methods is developed for the quasi-three-dimensional thermal buckling analysis of simply-supported, sandwich piezoelectric plates embedded with a functionally graded elastic core, the material properties of which are considered to be thicknessand temperature-dependent. The plate is subjected to a uniform temperature change and open-/closed-circuit boundary conditions on the lateral surfaces. The material properties of the functionally graded elastic core are assumed to obey the power-law distributions varying through the thickness coordinate of the core according to the volume fractions of the constituents. The effective material properties are estimated using the Mori-Tanaka's model. The accuracies and convergence rates of the finite layer methods with various orders, as used for expanding the elastic and electric variables in the thickness direction, are assessed by comparing their solutions with the threeand two-dimensional ones available in the literature.


Lepchas are the original inhabitants of Sikkim, India. The Lepchas are of mongoloid stock and some anthropologist trace their origins to Mongolia or Tibet. However, the Lepchas themselves have no such history of migration in their traditional knowledge. They believe themselves to be the natives of the Sikkim and even consider Mt. Kanchenjunga as the abode of their ancestors. This study is based on Material culture of the Lepcha. Material culture is tangible and ponderable object produced or used by humans like clothes, ornament, kitchen utensils, tools, machineries. Aim of this study is to know the material culture of Lepcha people and to know what are the changes coming in their material culture along with cause and effect of such changes. In this paper it will be further revealed that traditional material culture used by Lepcha people are vanishing gradually. Material culture are surviving in their society just as an antique souvenir of the past. Though there are also some types of material culture which are still in use. Due to various reasons mainly due to contact with other culture we can see change in their traditional culture materials.Tourism, modernization, acculturation are some reasons for change.
Key words: Material culture, Tangible, Change, Modernization, Acculturation.


This paper presents an analysis of the intermodulation (IMD) distortion products that appear in a dual one-switch-zero-voltage-switching (1SW-ZVS) resonant inverter. The converter switching frequencies, and therefore output power for each burner, are currently not independent of each other consequently audible noise appears. With this analysis and the increased operation frequency range obtained with silicon carbide (SiC) devices, audible noise can be avoided while maintaining the variable frequency control and reducing the number of EMI filters as one can be shared by two or more inverters. This work enables to establish the simultaneous operation and SW (Square Wave) control for different output power settings. This is important for the future generation of cooking appliances based on multiple mini-inverters.


The paper takes advantage of logistic model, to research developmental tendency of the possessive quantity of durable consumer goods in Benxi,(such as :TV set)and to predict the needful quantity of durable consumer goods in Benxi in near future years.


Purpose
Despite the popularity of the Computational Thinking (CT) paradigm and the call for broad social diffusion of CS fundamentals, the authors argue that the concept is inherently limited and limiting and does not sufficiently convey an understanding of how to enable people to create with computational technologies. The authors suggest an alternate paradigm, procedural creativity, that calls for the development of conceptual creative spaces governed by procedurally generative principles. The authors also call for game development to be the focus of procedural creativity pedagogy.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors first discuss the limitations of the CT paradigm, focusing, in particular, on the issue of abstraction and representation as opposed to execution and action. The authors then define procedural creativity in more detail. Following that, they discuss the use of game development as pedagogy, with a focus on Margaret Boden's notion of conceptual creative spaces.

Findings
CT is limited because it focuses overly on solutions to computational "problems", because it is tied too closely with economic concerns and because it focuses on abstraction at the cost of action. Procedural creativity, on the other hand, focuses on the individual's capacity for personal expression with the computer and on the generative capacity of code in action. Game development is in ideal platform for procedural creativity because it emphasizes the development of creative domains and conceptual spaces.

Originality/value
This paper offers a challenge to the CT status quo and presents a novel way forward for understanding computation as a creative practice.


This paper is concerned about the wheel slip measurement of the anti-lock braking system (ABS). The wheel slip must follow the desired wheel slip; for this purpose multiple sliding surface controller (MSSC) based on disturbance observer (DO) is used. DO is integrated with sliding mode controller (SMC) to strengthen the overall performance of the system by estimating the lumped uncertainties that are present in the system. The performance of the suggested scheme is testified in MATLAB/simulink with experimental set up of ABS by considering different cases for tracking the slip ratio.


The subject matter of the article is methods that allow solving the problem of uncertainty in the process of constructing decision support systems for air traffic controllers for special cases in flight. The goal is the analysis and justification of the choice of mathematical tool for constructing a DSS model of an air traffic controller. The tasks are: analysis of a number of well-known methods of data mining, namely: evolutionary algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic and Bayesian networks from the point of view of the appropriateness of their use in constructing mathematical models of decision support systems for air traffic controllers in case of special cases in flight. The methods used are: methods of analysis and synthesis of complex information systems, methods of simulation and statistical modeling. The following results were obtained. It has been established that the most effective way to build a DSS model of an air traffic controller is to use a Bayesian network tool. It is a promising probabilistic tool, that allows you to simulate complex hierarchical static and dynamic systems. This is due to the fact that, in contrast to the currently popular "black box" models, the Bayesian network provides an understandable explanation of the findings, has a logical interpretation, makes it possible to take into account the uncertainties of a parametric, static and structural nature and, which is especially important, is based on fundamental provisions of the theory of probability, which has been developed for more than one century. Conclusions. The direction of further research is the construction of a DSS model of an air traffic controller using Bayesian networks and probabilistic programming technology


We have observed second-harmonic generation from AlxGa1-xN multilayers in reflection geometry and measured the ratio between two elements of the second-order susceptibility tensor.


INTRODUCTION Chylous fistulas are a relatively uncommon yet potentially serious complication of operative procedures of the neck. A case is presented of a patient who developed a highoutput chylous fistula (producing more than 2000 mL of fluid in 24 hours) after a left, extended radical neck dissection. This occurred despite an apparently successful attempt at intraoperative repair with thoracic duct ligation. Conservative measures were initially applied to manage the fistula, without success. This prompted a return to the operating room for definitive surgical management in which a new technique of repair was successfully employed.


The claims about biochar or industrial charcoal being a solution to the climate crisis due to its alleged ability to enhance fertility of soil are considered to be false. It is suggested that the industrial production of biochar, the huge areas of land needed for its use and its doubtful results need to be taken into account before considering its use.


1901 ISSN 1743-5889 10.2217/NNM.13.171 © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd Nanomedicine (2013) 8(12), 1901–1903 "Why is there such an increased interest in solid lipid nanoparticles? What makes the solid lipid nanoparticulate system promising for the treatment of skin infections? The answer lies in the advantages that solid lipid nanoparticles possess over other lipidic or nonlipidic drug delivery systems."


In a method and apparatus for determining the height of a plurality of spatial positions on a surface of a specimen, a light beam is projected on the surface. The light beam has a sinusoidal spatial pattern in at least two directions perpendicular to an optical axis of the light beam, and which is moved to different spatial pattern positions. The surface is scanned along said optical axis in different scanning positions. A fixed relationship between a moving distance between subsequent spatial pattern positions, and a scanning distance between subsequent scanning positions exists. The light reflected by the surface is detected in scanning positions with the spatial pattern having corresponding spatial pattern positions. From the detected light for each spatial position of the surface, an envelope curve of intensity values corresponding to scanning positions is determined. A maximum of the envelope curve and its corresponding scanning position being representative of the height of the spatial position of the surface is selected. The spatial pattern is moved in a sequence of 2n steps (n > 2) in a first and a second spatial direction over a distance of 1/4 and 1/n pattern wavelength, respectively.


By approximating the centrifugal term in terms of a new approximation scheme, we solve the Schrodinger equation with the arbitrary angular momentum for the Manning–Rosen potential. The bound state energy eigenvalues and the unnormalized radial wave functions have been approximately obtained by using the supersymmetric shape invariance approach and the function analysis method. The numerical experiments show that our approximate analytical results are in better agreement with those obtained by using the numerical integration procedure than the analytical results obtained by using the conventional approximation scheme to deal with the centrifugal term.


Nowadays, manufacturing plants should be agile to changes their production mix plan based on dynamic demands. Here, layout design significantly could impact on manufacturing efficiency. When the flows of materials between departments embed variability during the planning horizon, this problem is known as the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP). This paper extends such problem with considering multiple transporters, which commonly are used for transportation tasks among facilities. Hence, we extended the classical DFLP objective function in such a way that could encounter total combined rearrangement, material handling and transporting costs. Firstly, the relevant mathematical model is presented and then hybrid metaheuristic algorithms based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)and genetic algorithm (GA)presented to solve such problem efficiently. To achieve reliable results, a Taguchi's design of experiments is applied to calibrate initial parameters. Also, a few small-sized problems are solved using the CPLEX software. Analysis of the results shows that the proposed hybrid PSO algorithms have good solution quality according to the objective function and CPU time rather than hybrid GA and proved the effectiveness of this algorithm on the set of test problems.


Of the Social Audit Findings On Non-Negotiable of EGS District :Cuddupah Mandal :Rayachoti Year :null Month :null 7 --> EGS implementation is going on well. 77 --> It is serious situation. 7 --> EGS implementation is not as it should be and requires action to be taken. TA --> Technical Assistant. PM --> Post Master. FA --> Field Assistant. S.N o Village Name No Contractor No Machine ry Wor k Qual ity Pay me nts (Co rre ct) Paymen ts (Timely ) Deman d for Work being facilitat ed and met EGS Functionaries Performance Field Assista nt Post Mast er 1 Chennamukka palle 7 7 7 7 --7 7 2 D.abbavaram 7 7 7 7 --7 7 3 Gorlamudiveedu 7 7 7 7 --7 7 4 Katimayakunta 7 7 7 7 --7 7 5 Madhavaram 7 7 7 7 7 -7 7 6 Pemmadapalle 7 7 7 77 --77 77 7 Sibyala 7 7 7 7 -77 (38) 77 7 8 Varigapapireddyg ari palli 7 7 7 7 --7 7 9 Yandapalle 7 7 7 7 -77 (60) 7 7


Conflicts between labor and capital are direct embodiment of social basic contradiction.Dissolving labor-capital contradictions and conflicts effectively and promoting its harmonious development are the primary goal and upmost task in legal construction of society.To construct coordinating mechanism in labor-capital relations,it is important to establish a practicable tripartite mechanism of bargaining and negotiating,which focus on the interests' gaming between labor and capital,to highlight employers' consciousness of social responsibilities,to bring governments' managing and serving functions into full play,and to form a grass-roots-based linkage mechanism in rapid and effective settlement of disputes between labor and capital.So,harmonious labor-capital relations could be promoted and stable society could be achieved.


Two-bladed turbines offer a promising opportunity for rotor cost savings, especially considering the ongoing growth trend in rotor size. An increased chord and airfoil thickness of a two-bladed turbine's blade results in potential structural improvements caused by a rapidly growing second moment of area. Compared to a three-bladed turbine's blade, the blade structure would theoretically require less material, while withstanding 50% higher flapwise loads. An analytical method of progressive structural scaling for three-dimensional rotor blade structures, based on equal material stresses, is introduced to calculate the modified structural thickness properties of the two-bladed turbine's blade. It simplifies the airfoil-shaped structure to a thin-walled rectangle, utilizes a fixed initial flapwise load factor, and scales the edgewise loads proportionally to the required blade mass. To evaluate the validity of this analytical approach, a progressively scaled and an iterated 20 MW two-bladed turbine's blade are examined with finite element analyses for static loads. The outcomes are then compared to corresponding analyses of a three-bladed turbine's reference blade. Overall, the static stress comparisons at different blade positions show good agreement with the analytical results. Nevertheless, the buckling analyses performed reveal stability issues, which subsequently will lead to a readjustment of the blade mass.


Conventional distribution systems are radial in nature and use time-coordination for protection against disturbances. However, the recent trend of installing embedded distributed generation (DG) has raised concerns regarding disruption of radial nature of existing distribution networks and thus disturbing the coordination of the protective devices. A protection scheme using power electronics switch is proposed in this paper. The scheme ensures the restoration of original radial nature of the system. It is based on the principle of disconnecting DGs before the recloser or any of the fuse has chance to operate. It does not require major protection system upgrade. Developing an approximate fuse model accurate enough to be able to simulate its protective function was a part of this research. Simulations are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDCTM software.


Objective To investigate the liver functional changes induced by selective bile duct embolization to explore the feasibility of the embolization for treatment of cholangiocareinoma. Methods Absolute ethanol or cyanoaerylate was used for selective bile duct embolization in New Zeal- and white rabbits.Liver functional and histological changes were determined.Results Atrophy, shrunken volume and harder texture were observed in the embolized lobe 30 d after the embolization. Microscopy showed that the liver lobe structure was destroyed,hepatocytes died,connective tissue significantly proliferated and inflammatory cells soaked in the embolized lobes.Proliferation of hepato- cytes,large hepatocyte volume and density and extension of the portal branches were the major his- topathologieal changes in the non-embolized lobes.Transient elevation of serum aminotransferase level was noted.Repeated measurement test revealed that the effect on aminotransferase in the cyanoacry- late embolization group was lower than that in ethanol embolization group(P0.05).Conclusions Selective bile duct embolization induces atrophy of the embolized lobes and compensatory hypertrophy of none-embolized lobes of the liver.Cyanoacrylate is safer and more effective than absolute ethanol.


An analysis of the policy of Edward I after the conquest of Wales in late 13th century and of main features of Welsh law is presented. The forming of the system of "indirect" administration of the colonies is discussed.


This chapter will assess the role and contribution of the African Commission and national legal institutions to the development of the legal standards set out in the African Charter. There have been further developments in the regional human rights system of Africa, including the transformation of the OAU into the African Union (AU), as part of which an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights has been established to provide judicial oversight on the implementation of the Charter. As a treaty that creates legally binding obligations in international law, it is fair to argue that the Charter seeks to guarantee legal rights and so making it a convenient starting point in the assessment of the legal tools and resources available to the Commission in the performance of its work. The Charter sets out entitlements that guarantee individual and group rights under the umbrella of the law.Keywords: African Charter; African Commission; African union (AU); human rights; international law


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of Tetrandrine on the scar-collagen matrix contraction stimulated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta).

METHODS
The scar-derived fibroblasts were suspended in a solution of collagen matrix, and TGF-beta, they were associated to form a scar model in vitro. The influence of tetrandrine on the contraction indexes was observed.

RESULTS
Tetrandrine plays a blocking action in the scar-collagen matrix contraction stimulated by TGF-beta, which was in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSION
This function of tetrandrine could be responsible for the anti-scar mechanism.


G a l e n was a Greek from Pergamon, a city in Asia Minor famous for its temple for the god of healing, Aesclepius. He was born approximately AD 130 and died in Sicily approximately AD 200. His father was an architect. Galen began his education in Pergamon under the best teachers and moved on to Smyna, Corinth, and finally Alexandria, where he remained for 1 1 years. Alexandria was the second largest city in the Roman Empire and the center of Greek culture. It had a distinguished tradition of medical education and the largest library in the world. At 28 years of age, Galen returned to Pergamon, where he was appointed the physician to the gladiators. As may be expected, in this position he had considerable surgical experience. After a few years, he moved to Rome to set up a practice. After struggling for a few years, he returned to Pergamon, only to be recalled to Rome by the emperor Marcus Aurelius to be his personal physician. Galen remained in Rome the rest of his life, although it is thought that he travelled extensively. Galen made many original observations in anatomy and physiology. He wrote extensively, but only a portion of his works have survived. The classic article that has been selected for this symposium is taken from one of his greatest works, The Usefulness of Parts of the Body (De usu partium). Galen's description of the spine with many of his other works, became the authoritative reference on the subject and remained so, becoming fossilized, for the next 1500 years. Galen was strongly influenced by Aristotle, who thought, "Nature does nothing in vain." An echo of this is found in the famous Bridgewater Treatises, that is, Charles Bell's The Hand, Its Mechanism and Vital Powers as Evincing Design, 1837.


OBJECTIVE
. To evaluate how the level of evidence perceived by an international panel of experts was concordant with the level of evidence found in the literature, to compare experts perceived level of evidence to their appropriateness scores, and to compare appropriateness criteria for colonoscopy between experts and an evidence-based approach.

DESIGN
Comparison of expert panel opinions and systematic literature review regarding the level of evidence and appropriateness of colonoscopy indications.

PARTICIPANTS
European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy multidisciplinary experts from 14 European countries.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Concordance and weighted kappa coefficient between level of evidence as perceived by the experts' and that found in the literature, and between panel- and literature-based appropriateness categories.

RESULTS
Experts overestimated the level of published evidence of 57 indications. Concordance between the level of evidence perceived by the experts and the actual level of evidence found in the literature was 36% (weighted kappa 0.18). Indications for colonoscopy were reported to be appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate by the experts in 54, 19, and 27% of the cases, and by the literature in 37, 46, and 17% of the cases. A 46% agreement (weighted kappa 0.29) was found between literature-based and experts' appropriateness criteria.

CONCLUSIONS
Experts often overestimated the level of evidence on which they based their decisions. However, rarely did the experts' judgement completely disagree with the literature, although concordance between panel- and literature-based appropriateness was only fair. A more explicit discussion of existing evidence should be undertaken with the experts before they evaluate appropriateness criteria.


ABSTRACT Despite being governed as an integral part of the Indian Empire for over 50 years, it is commonplace for historians to consider Myanmar/Burma as a distinct entity beyond what is usually taken to be South Asia. This is a heuristic separation indulged by both scholars of colonial India and colonial Burma and is in part a legacy of the territorial assumptions of Area Studies. Recently new geographic frameworks – particularly the Indian Ocean, Eurasia and Zomia – have begun to undermine the basis of this artificial division. Building on these insights, this essay argues that the apparent distinctiveness of the Burmese experience of the Raj might be a useful problem for historians of colonial India to think with.


Studies have been carried out using gamma -spectrometric techniques to determine the natural radioactivity in lime and cement fabricated in China and their associated radiation hazard. The mean values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 26.1, 21.2, and 114.3 Bq kg -1, respectively in lime, 20.8, 18.3, and 111.2 Bq kg -1, respectively in limestone, and 39.7, 34.3, and 189.0 Bq kg -1, respectively in cement. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries. The radium equivalent activities (Raeq), representative level index (I gamma r), external hazard index (Hex) and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated and compared with the internationally approved values. The Raeq and I gammar values of all studied samples are below the internationally accepted values. The values of both internal and external hazard indices are less than unity. The use of lime and cement in construction of dwellings is considered to be safe for inhabitants


We present an efficient high-precision numerical approach for the Davey-Stewartson (DS) II equation, treating initial data from the Schwartz class of smooth, rapidly decreasing functions. As with previous approaches, the presented code uses discrete Fourier transforms for the spatial dependence and Driscoll's composite Runge-Kutta method for the time dependence. Since the DS equation is a nonlocal, nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a singular symbol for the nonlocality, standard Fourier methods in practice only reach accuracies of the order of $10^{-6}$ or less for typical examples. This was previously demonstrated for the defocusing case by comparison with a numerical approach for DS via inverse scattering. By applying a regularization to the singular symbol, originally developed for D-bar problems, the presented code is shown to reach machine precision. The code can treat integrable and non-integrable DS II equations. Moreover, it has the same %complexity numerical complexity as existing codes for DS II. Several examples for the integrable defocusing DS II equation are discussed as test cases.
In an appendix by C.~Kalla, a doubly periodic solution to the defocusing DS II equation is presented, providing a test for direct DS codes based on Fourier methods.


Examining the problem of the enginemotor and emotional development of children with the problems in the intellectual development, the determinate directions of research work were by us. Their essence consists in development and creation of conditions for the development of basic motions and to on their basis contribute to the formation of engine skills, and to also carry out the comparative analysis of the physical preparedness of children with the problems in the intellectual development with the level of the development of physical abilities with the children without the deviations in the development. The results of a study showed that the systematic occupations on the formation of the engine habits and the development of physical abilities in children with the problems of the intellectual development, contribute to the development of basic engine actions and to an improvement in the motor coordination. Development of physical abilities showed that in children with the problems in the intellectual development the power abilities are well developed, but other indices of physical preparedness very low and do not correspond to age. We concluded according to the results of a study that the instructions and of training the children with the problems in the intellectual development must be tasks: the development of the personal activity of children, the formation of the habits of adequate behavior and contact with those surrounding, the formation of the bases of engine experience and the step by step formation of engine skills in combination with the development of physical abilities.


Speech Delivered By Prof. W. O. Ellis, Vice-Chancellor Of KNUST At The Opening Ceremony Of Africa Region Of IFLA Event On Tuesday, 11th February, 2014 At 10.00am In The Great Hall Conference ROOM – KNUST, Kumasi


Disclosure of information makes it easy for the public to obtain information anytime and anywhere. New solutions for access control and monitoring of archives are urgently needed to keep things safe. Archival institutions as guarantors of the availability of information are expected to provide solutions and new ideas for developments in the implementation of national archives. Archiving in developed countries on blockchain technology is something new. The purpose of this research is to find out the advantages of blockchain technology in archiving and hope that readers or researchers benefit from Blockchain Technology research in archiving, which can be used for other research. Data collection techniques used the literature review method systematically and uses the VOSviewer application in this study and the findings of journal articles sourced from Scopus in 2017-2022.


Extrusion process is a compressive forming process for pruducing product of limited length and continuous extrusion process used to produced continuous profiles with a high extent of accuracy. The essential process parameters in the extrusion process are wheel velocity and extrusion ratio which influence the properties of the extruded product mechanically as well as metallurgically. In this study, aluminium rods are used for continuous extrusion on commercial extrusion set up TBJ 350 for feedstock diameter of 9.5 mm at different wheel velocities and extrusion ratios using different die size. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness and percentage elongation of the extruded feedstock at different wheel velocity and extrusion ratio are assessed by performing the tensile and hardnesstest. A numerical model has also been developed to predict the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the extruded feed stocks. Using the response surface methodology, modelling is carried out based on two factor three-level central composite rotatable designs. The developed model has been validated using the ANOVA technique. A 95% confidence level was obtained from the predicted mechanical properties for the numerical model.