"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food," as said by Hippocrates nearly 2,500 years ago, is receiving
renewed interest in the health enhancing role of specific foods or physiologically-active food components, so-called
functional foods (Hasler,1998).The urbanization has a strong adverse effect on the dietary pattern in old age women who
are lacking awareness about functional food.The awareness on functional foods is very use full in old age women who
have clinical diseases.Thus,the current study is targeted on educating old age women which will have an effect on food
habit for better health.The teaching aid used in the awareness is a colorful leaflet.The awareness on functional foods
among women educated were evaluated through questionnaire before and after the leaflet distribution and the results
were statistically analyzed.
Context:To promote better health and to help reduce the risk of diseases through the emerging fields of functional foods
and nutraceuticals as a concept of nutrition,this originated in Japan.To emphasis on the Hippocrates saying,"Let food be
your medicine and medicine be your food".
The purpose of this study was to aware people regarding consumption of functional food to improve their lifestyle.To
identify the need for information related to functional foods among older women (40-60 years old) and to assess
awareness and perceptions of health claims on self-made functional food.
Study Design:The Pre-test and post-test study was planned to evaluate the awareness of functional foods among old age
women who were suffering with clinical diseases in Bhopal city of Madhya Pradesh.
Results:The mean scores obtained by the selected women on the awareness on functional foods before and after leaflet
demonstration was found significant in Pair t -test.
Conclusions: The attempt to distribute a leaflet was observed to be a beneficial tool in inculcating awareness since
majority of the participants changed their dietary pattern as they have changed their routine breakfast.


A small open economy model is constructed with endogenous markups and labor market frictions to investigate the dynamic and steady-state efiects of increased product market competition. Additionally, we endogenize labor supply along the extensive margin. We flnd that a deregulation shock lowers slightly the steady-state unemployment rate, stimulates consumption, raises the wage rate and yields welfare gains. Yet, we show that the unemployment rate increases strongly in the short-run and the size of flrms decreases in the long-run. Additionally, we let the number of flrms to adjust sluggishly by introducing a cost of entry. In contrast with Blanchard and Giavazzi [2003], the unemployment rate adjusts non-monotonically: (i) it increases flrst as the marginal beneflt from search is higher, and (ii) it decreases once employment rose enough. Finally, we consider an open economy consuming a foreign good and exporting whole production, assuming that exports are price-elastic. We flnd that the terms of trade deteriorate, employment fall and the unemployment rises in the long-run as long as the price-elasticity of exports is smaller


\s=b\Fifty children and adolescents were found to have gallstones at Children's Hospital of Buffalo (NY) during a period of 10 years. The mean (\m=+-\SD)age was 12.2 \m=+-\6.2 years, with 21 boys and 29 girls. The majority of patients could be catego- rized into four groups: hemolytic disease (18 patients), parenteral nutrition (eight patients), adolescent pregnancy (seven patients), and idiopathic (10 patients), while seven patients had a variety of other etiologies. Right upper quadrant pain was the most common symptom (32 patients), followed by jaundice (15 patients), vomit- immunodeficiency,8 and parenteral nu¬ trition.9 In this study, we discuss all patients having gallstones diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Buffalo (NY) from 1979 to 1989 to determine the clini¬ cal presentation, method of diagnosis, and modality of treatment in regard to the different age groups and factors as¬ sociated with the development of gallstones. PATIENTS AND METHODS All charts of inpatients and outpatients with gallstones diagnosed radiographically or surgically at Children's Hospital of Buffalo from 1979 to 1989 were reviewed. Sonogra- phic diagnosis of gallstones was based on the presence of mobile echogenic foci in the gall¬ bladder lumen or in the region ofthe gallblad¬ der fossa. Acoustic shadowing was not re¬ quired for sonographic diagnosis because it is not always present when the foci are small.10 Roentgenographic diagnosis of gallstones re¬ quired calcifications in the right upper quad¬ rant to be present in more than one view. Patients with previous biliary tract surgery, acalculus cholecystitis, and biliary tract dis¬ ease without proven gallstones were exclud¬ ed from our study. Fifty patients met the criteria ofthe study. Patients were characterized by age, associ¬ ated conditions, clinical presentation, labora¬ tory studies, method of diagnosis, therapy, and outcome. A univariate analysis was con¬ ducted looking for a correlation between age, race, sex, clinical presentation, laboratory studies, therapy, and factors associated with gallstones by 2 analysis. RESULTS


We propose a formal de vice for the encoding of relations holding between le xical units of natural languages, based on the concept of le xical function introduced by Meaning-T ext theory. Because the language traditionally used for encoding le xical functions is not fully specifi ed from a formal point of view, we propose a ne w language which we belie v to be computationally tractable. Moreo v r, this formal language allo ws us to gi ve a formal basis to the traditional language and to fi ll its gaps. 1 Intr oduction The concept of LEXICAL FUNCTION was introduced some 35 years ago ( o olkovskij & Mel' ‹ uk 1965) to describe two types of relations holding between lexical units (= lexemes 1 ) of a natural language: semantic deri vations and base-collocate relations. A formal language for describing these relations by means of le xical functions has been de veloped and used extensively in lexicographic descriptions found in E XPLANATORY C OMBINATORIAL D ICTIONARIES (ECDs) — see Mel' ‹ uk & Zholkovsky (1984) (for Russian) and Mel' ‹ uk et al. (1999) (for French). However, the formal bases of the ECD ENCODING of lexical functions have never been made totally explicit, leaving researchers with a formal device that seems loose from both a computational and conceptual point of vie w. We believe it is essential to address this issue as the concept of lexical function itself has pro ved to be particularly suited for applications in computational le xicography (see Heid 1996, F ontenelle 1997) and natural language processing (see Iordanskaja et l. 1996). The alternati ve encoding we propose is computationally tractable and mak es explicit the inner value and role of le xical functions in natural language, thus making it easier for Meaning-T ext outsiders to understand and manipulate them. Because it makes explicit all formal properties of le xical relations, we hereafter refer to the proposed for malism as the EXPLICIT ENCODING . Section 2 introduces some basic terminology and notation that will be used in the remainder of this paper . Section 3 presents the e xplicit encoding and Section 4 proposes a formal defi nition of the ECD encoding, describing it relati ve to the explicit encoding.


Because the scanning point cloud of the packing box is a bottom-free cuboid shape, the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm cannot realize the registration of the scanning point cloud and the CAD model, thus cannot realize the error detection of the box shape. To solve this problem, this paper presents a registration algorithm of the incomplete point cloud with shape error and the CAD model. Firstly, a method of the quaternion-based surface normal vector alignment is proposed for the initial registration. Then, to achieve fine registration, a new Attribute Surface Labelling (ASL) method is proposed to establish the nearest neighbor set of point cloud to improve ICP algorithm. A registration experiment of packing box point cloud is conducted at last. According to the experiment, the algorithm proposed in this paper can realize fine registration between the incomplete point cloud with shape error and its standard CAD model, as well as detect error of its 3D shape.


In the project management course at the University of Minnesota, Civil Engineering students are learning the vocabulary and concepts for managing projects, engineering economics and writing together. Often they have difficulty seeing the connections between the actions involved in managing projects and their writing assignments. We present our strategies for coordinating concepts and connecting writing assignments to action. We include examples of assignment guidelines that we have developed and refined over time, explicit links from the writing assignment to the project management process, and a discussion of our successes and challenges as we work across disciplines and try to present the information in an integrated manner.


Geopolymer concrete has better mechanical property and environmental advantages than ordinary Portland concrete. Different amount of fly ash, Ca, Mg and the proportions of mixing ingredients are researched in this paper. Contrast by mixing different ratio of calcium to magnesium (Ca-to-Mg) into the geopolymer concrete, the mechanical property was researched. The compress experiment was fulfilled, moisture reduction was measured. The experimental results show modified geopolymer concrete with Mg/Ca can enhance the ability of water retention. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete enhanced when ratio of Mg-to-Ca was 1:1. The peak compressive strength of geopolymer concrete reached 43.7MPa when MgO and slag occupied 133% fly ash. Slag can obviously improve the mechanical properties of the geopolymers. Modified proper ratio of Ca-to-Mg can improve mechanical performance of the geopolymer gels by 52%-1461%.


In the Skagerrak there are 261 ship wrecks which have been identifi ed as potentially polluting wrecks. Twenty of these are located close to the Swedish coast, within the Vastra Gotaland County. The majority of the potentially polluting wrecks originate from the Second World War, hence many are heavily corroded and some are already leaking oil. In Sweden this problem has been discussed now and then since the mid seventies, yet there is no legislation regulating the liability for preventive actions to avoid future oil spills from the actual wrecks. This pre-study highlights potentially polluting wrecks in the Skagerrak, but the problem is present along the rest of the Swedish coastline. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of a national database over recognized potentially polluting wrecks. Present salvage technology allows for offl oading the oil onboard the wrecks, but the remediation operation can be very expensive (about 20-250 million SEK per wreck). This cost has to be compared to the socioeconomic consequences occurring in case of a sudden leak of the corresponding amount of oil along the coast. To ensure that the environmental benefi ts of a remediation are economically justifi ed, it is of great importance to initially conduct a detailed wreck assessment which in addition to verifi cation of the amount and type of oil onboard, also ascertains that wreck stability will allow remediation. The cost of such an assessment ranges from 0.5-2 million SEK per ship wreck. To fi nance both ship wreck assessment and remediation of wrecks where no owner can be held responsible, establishment of a fund similar to that intended for remediation of contaminated land sites could be used. Additionally, the formation of a national competence centre to support the fund, gather knowledge in the fi eld of ship wreck assessment and remediation and coordinate actions is recommended.


The PISA-study in the German newspaper 'Handelsblatt' : A study of the news coverage of the study in a financial newspape


The World Health Organization estimates that each year over half a million women in developing countries die because they lack access to safe effective and affordable reproductive health services. In response to these and other striking statistics the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development created a Programme of Action to make reproductive health (RH) care more available. Consequently many donor agencies governments and non-profits have amplified their RH activities and placed more emphasis on supplying the drugs medical supplies and other commodities necessary for improving RH care. When planning for RH care many programs lack critical information on current treatment practices a reliable needs assessment and realistic cost data - all are essential for estimating the cost of running a functional RH program in a particular setting. The Cost-Estimate Strategy (CES) tool helps acquire and analyze such information for budgeting planning and policy purposes. (excerpt)


Scaling clusters is no longer the only struggle in moving towards exascale in HPC. While scaling components such as the network and file systems is a widely accepted need, monitoring, on the other hand, is often left behind in the procurement of these large systems. Monitoring is often quite an afterthought that is expected to be incorporated in existing infrastructure. While that often works for small systems, even petascale systems are starting to push the capabilities of monitoring infrastructure and their ability to collect and analyze complete system wide logs. The need and desire to do more cross-component relations will only get more complex with scale. Preparing for monitoring an exascale class machine is no small task.This paper presents the current redesign of our commodity monitoring infrastructure, the upgraded sub-system monitoring for Trinity, and ideas and concepts for moving towards exascale class monitoring.


The Department of Energy has proposed a rulemaking process to set minimum standards for the efficiency of gas ranges under the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA). The Gas Research Institute is compiling information on annual household range gas usage in order to prepare a response to the proposed rulemaking. The data base from the Northern Illinois Gas residential load study provides recent information (data taken from 1990 through 1992) over a comprehensive study of household types and appliance and user characteristics (150 variables noted for each household). The stated Objective is to study the Northern Illinois Gas residential load study data base and to evaluate its effectiveness in predicting annual household gas usage.


We report an interface engineering approach to achieve a self-compliance controlled and forming-free switching in ReRAM devices based on MgO switching layers. The proposed devices showed scalability in self-compliance current with low set and reset voltages as the interfacial layer thickness was increased. The devices showed write endurance up to 1000 cycles under self-compliance controlled switching and demonstrated potential for ultra-fast switching with low switching energies. The mechanism behind self-compliant switching is explained and supported with capacitance-voltage measurement. We believe that these devices will not require compliance current limiting transistors which will allow massive densification of these devices.


Biometrics is the science of human recognition by means of their biological, chemical or behavioural traits. These systems are used in many real life applications simply from biometric based attendance system to providing security at a very sophisticated level. A biometric system deals with raw data captured using a sensor and feature template extracted from raw image. One of the challenges being faced by designers of these systems is to secure template data extracted from the biometric modalities of the user and protect the raw images. In order to minimize spoof attacks on biometric systems by unauthorised users one of the solutions is to use multi-biometric systems. Multi-modal biometric system works by using fusion technique to merge feature templates generated from different modalities of the human. In this work, a novel scheme is proposed to secure template during feature fusion level. The scheme is based on union operation of fuzzy relations of templates of modalities during fusion process of multimodal biometric systems. This approach serves dual purpose of feature fusion as well as transformation of templates into a single secured non invertible template. The proposed technique is irreversible, diverse and experimentally tested on a bimodal biometric system comprising of fingerprint and hand geometry. The given scheme results into significant improvement in the performance of the system with lower equal error rate and improvement in genuine acceptance rate.

http://www.astrj.com/pdf-64062-4879?filename=A SCHEME FOR TEMPLATE.pdf


We present a theoretical study of ionization of the hydrogen atom due to an XUV pulse in the presence of an IR laser with both fields linearly polarized in the same direction. In particular, we study the energy distribution of photoelectrons emitted perpendicularly to the polarization direction. By means of a very simple semiclassical model which considers electron trajectories born at different ionization times, the electron energy spectrum can be interpreted as the interplay of Intra and Intercycle interferences. The intracycle interference pattern stems from the coherent superposition of four electron trajectories giving rise to (i) interference of electron trajectories born during the same half cycle (Intrahalfcycle interference) and (ii) interference between electron trajectories born during the first half cycle with those born during the second half cycle (Interhalfcycle interference). The intercycle interference is responsible for the formation of the sidebands. We also show that the destructive interhalfcycle interference for the absorption and emission of an even number of IR laser photons is responsible for the characteristic sidebands in the perpendicular direction separated by twice the IR photon energy. We analyze the dependence of the energy spectrum on the laser intensity and the time delay between the XUV pulse and the IR laser. Finally, we show that our semiclassical simulations are in very good agreement with quantum calculations within the strong field approximation and the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation.


The basic causes of loss of vakuf property and the failure of many vakufs in the past were: enemy operations from neighbouring territories, fires, and other elemental disasters, usurpations and agrarian reforms, as well as weakness in the organization and management of vakuf.The establisher of a vakuf provided, as a rule, sufficient material means for the normal functions of their endowments. If these means became with time insufficient, help came from other vakifs.It happened that two or more vakufs would join their means for the purpose of making an endowment for efficient. In the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation the State took over many functions of the vakuf as part of its social, humanitarian, cultural or communal programme. Vakufs were not the only institutions that cared for social necessities. The establishing of a Central Vakuf Endowment in accordance with the new time and new necessities, make possible new actions of larger significance, but these possibilities were not completely used.After the Second World War, and in the conditions of socialist construction the social community became bearer of all activities of a social character. Religion was separated from the State, and the activity of the religious communities and of their institutions was subordinated to the constitution and the regulations of the Basic Law concerning Religios Communities. On the basis of general regulations of nationalisation the property of religious communities that did not serve according to constitution the jobs and necessities of these communities was nationalized. A considerable number of the vakufs profitable properties was nationalized. But, at the same time, by the Basic Law of Protection and Use of Cultural Inheritance a great number of vakuf building nationalized or not was protected and restored, among which some, although very significant culture and historical monuments, were in a State of ruin.The building of new and restoration of existing buildings as well as necessities in the diaspora, are provided for by the efforts of the whole Islamic community. New collective vakufs have successfully replaced individual ones. New sources of financing are: Organized collecting of zekjat, sadekai-fitr, kurban's skin, membership and other contribution which provide the necessary means for the most necessary needs of the community.


Objective To establish consummate clinical nursing pathways on cardiac pacemaker insertion patients.Methods A total of 64 patients were randomized into two groups,namely experimental group and control group with 32 patients in each group.The patients in control group received only routine nursing,and the patients in experimental group received systematic nursing intervention according to the clinical nursing pathways on the basis of routine nursing.The hospital days,medical costs,incidence rate of complications and the satisfaction degree of patients were observed.Results The hospital days,medical costs,and incidence rate of complications of experimental group were lower and the satisfaction degree of patients of experimental group were higher than the control group.Conclusion The satisfaction degree of patients could be raised and the quality of care could be improved by enforced clinical nursing pathways on cardiac pacemaker insertion patients.


The genetic stock composition of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) samples from the 2013 U.S. Gulf of Alaska (GOA) trawl fishery for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) was prepared to estimate stock-specific harvests. Genetic samples were collected in 2013 from Chinook salmon taken as bycatch in this fishery predominantly from NMFS statistical areas 620, 630, and 640. Samples were genotyped for 43 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers and the results were estimated using the available coastwide baseline of SNP markers for Chinook salmon. While sample sizes varied widely and did not achieve the 10% target used to sample bycatch in the Bering Sea, by using a stratified estimator weighted by stratum-specific bycatch, it was possible to estimate the stock composition of the bycatch with acceptable accuracy and precision for NMFS statistical areas 620, 630, and 640, areas which comprised 84% of the bycatch in 2013. Based on the analysis of 693 Chinook salmon bycatch samples, the proportions of reporting groups were determined to be as follows: British Columbia (43%), U.S. West Coast (42%), coastal Southeast Alaska (11%), Northwest GOA (3%), and others (< 1%). No stock composition estimates are provided for statistical areas 610 or 649 due to the small size of the bycatch or the limited number of available genetic


Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the arteries of the extremities has been reported few times in the literature. The clinical significance of FMD relates to the consequences of interruption of arterial blood to the tissues. We report here the second case of FMD of the brachial artery and discuss the failure of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, in the therapy of this disorder. A review of the pertinent literature is included.


ABSTRACT This study was implemented to investigate the diurnal biochemical changes that occur in Ceratophyllum demersum in four growth habitats under in situ experiments. The results showed that compared to the other treatments, the open-flow treatments had the highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration that occurred with the acceleration of antioxidant activity at midday, mainly due to the independent effect of irradiance and flow movement. The plant diurnal H2O2 and antioxidant activity rhythms had varying fluctuations, and peroxidase (POD) activity showed a rapid response to oxidative stress. The increase in POD activity followed a more similar pattern aligned with H2O2 synthesis, while catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were dominant in the late hours of the day. The ability of this species to successfully grow in these habitats is related to the adaption of the diurnal cycles of antioxidant activity according to flow and irradiance changes.


Toxic elements in the safety of medicinal plants Alinia-Ahandani E , et al. 63 Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion. 2022; 8(2): 62-8 " " " " " " 2. Materials and Methods " " 3. Results and Discussion


This research deals with the rule of benefiting from the common share and its effects on transaction contracts; this research has been presented in five sections. In the first, I explained the commons and its causes with mentioning their types. In the second, I knew the effects of commonality in companies and demonstrated the dispute of jurists regarding the requirement of communality in the profit of the company. The third came indicating the effects of common property in mortgage, including the doctrine of the jurists in that and their evidence and what was mentioned in the discussions, indicating the most correct saying of the scholars. On the fourth, I explained the provisions of common lease between two partners. The fifth section included the doctrines of jurists in the endowment of one of the partners share of the public domain, explaining the evidence of jurists in that and what was mentioned in the discussions and indicated the most correct in it; then it was concluded with a conclusion that included the most important results and recommendations.


In Japan, the year 2019 was also the first year of the new Reiwa imperial era, as a new Emperor ascended the throne and the Heisei era came to an end following the Imperial Succession. Here, we review the world economy, the Japanese economy, the world steel industry and the Japanese steel in 2019, including the long-term perspective. In the world economy, a higher growth rate had been foreseen in 2020, but downward corrections in growth rate predictions continued.1) During the last several years, a composition of globalism vs. nationalism has become apparent in various forms, including the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, popularly known as Brexit, the birth of the Trump presidency in the United States and the emergence of populist parties Europe shaken by the issue of immigration.2) Economically, a similar trend can be seen in the confrontation between free trade and protectionism. Brexit, which British voters approved in a referendum in 2016, became a reality in January 2020 based on the results of the British general election in December 2019, and no change can be seen in the "America First" philosophy of President Trump, who continues to promote domestic and international policies prioritizing America's national interests. Following a speech by U.S. Vice President Pence in October 2018, which has also been called "the declaration of a new Cold War",3) the struggle for hegemony between China and the United States moved into a new phase of full-scale, multifront competition. In trade friction between the two countries, agreement was reached in the first phase of negotiations in December 2019,4) but the future course is still impossible to predict. On the other hand, while the effects of the trade war between the United States and China remain as an uncertainty, the U.S. delayed implementation of sanctions against China4) and movement toward a Brexit with a withdrawal agreement (as opposed to a "no-deal" Brexit) had been assumed. In light of those developments, the underlying tone of slowdown in the global economy is expected to have bottomed out in 2019.1) According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF),1) a growth rate of around 1.6% is estimated/predicted for the advanced nations in both 2019 and 2020, and high economic growth rates are also forecast for the emerging economies and developing nations. Based on this outlook, an increase in the world economic growth rate is predicted for 2020. Although the economic growth rate of the world as a whole is predicted to increase from +2.9% in 2019 to +3.3% in 2020, a possible downturn in growth is a concern, considProduction and Technology of Iron and Steel in Japan during 2019


Crossed molecular beams have been used to study rotationally and vibrationally inelastic scattering from the (7/sup 2/, K' = 0) and the (0/sup 0/, K' = 0) levels of /sup 1/A/sub u/ (S/sub 1/) trans-glyoxal in collision with H/sub 2/. The center-of-mass collision energy was approximately 80 meV (650 cm/sup -1/). Laser excitation was used to select each of the initial vibrational levels with rotational states limited to J' = 0--10, K' = 0. Dispersed fluorescence was used to monitor quantitatively the final rotational and vibrational levels populated in single collision scattering. Vibrationally inelastic scattering from each initial level has an absolute cross section large enough to allow the process to be observed easily with resolution of accompanying ..delta..K rotational state changes. Although many final vibrational levels are energetically accessible and in principle observable, only those reached by +- 1 quantum changes in the lowest frequency mode, the OHC--CHO torsion ..nu../sub 7/, are seen. From the initial level 7/sup 2/, the cross sections for ..delta..upsilon/sub 7/ = +1 and ..delta..upsilon/sub 7/ = -1 are nearly identical, mirroring the symmetry of UP and DOWN vibrational transitions recently observed in I/sup *//sub 2/ inelastic scattering from H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, and He.more » The total cross section for pure rotationally inelastic scattering from 0/sup 0/ is about nine times larger than that for rovibrationally inelastic scattering, whereas the two cross sections are nearly equivalent for 7/sup 2/.« less


In order to solve problems of taking traditional mechanical bearing to bear the shaft, a novel bearingless switched reluctance motor with hybrid stator poles is proposed in this paper. The rotor needs only one bearing for rotating and constraining the axial movement. The other end can move freely in the radial direction. But it is balanced with the radial force produced by the motor. The proposed motor can generate a constant suspending force independent of rotor position only using small current excitation. And torque control can be naturally decoupled form suspending force control. In order to realize steady suspension, a model for radial force is introduced and used to design the controller. In the control scheme, simple PID method and hystersis current controllers are employed. Experimental results show the validity of proposed methods.


The current voltage (I-V) data of inhomogeneous Schottky contact are simulated over wide temperature range assuming discrete Gaussian distribution of barrier heights and considering thermionic emission diffusion (TED) theory. The diode parameters are extracted by fitting of simulated I-V data into TED current equation. The temperature dependence of derived barrier parameters like barrier height and ideality factor and activation energy plots are discussed. The effect of various aspects of discrete distribution of BH is discussed in this paper.


children affected by SCD face several hardships caused by raising a child afflicted with this disease. However, parental knowledge about SCD and challenges faced by families of children with SCD have not been assessed in Rwanda. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge on sickle cell disease among parents of children affected by SCD and to identify their experiences while caring for affected children. Materials and methods: A qualitative method using thematic analysis was used. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews with thirteen parents from one referral hospital with Pediatric hematol- ogy clinic in Rwanda. Results: Thirteen caregivers including eleven mothers and two fathers participated in the study. Two broad themes were identified: knowledge and understanding of SCD, and experiences and hardships. The majority of parents had some knowledge of SCD but most of them had no knowledge of inheritance pattern of SCD. Prior to the diagnosis being made, all parents had never heard of SCD and they had misconceptions about the condition of their children. Parents face several challenges including persistent psychosocial distress and practical hardships caused by SCD. This study also revealed coping strategies used by parents. Conclusion: This study showed that parents had some knowledge of SCD with gaps of inheritance pattern. Families of children affected by SCD face several burdens including nutrition for the affected child, pov-erty and persistent emotional distress. Raising awareness of SCD among the public, availing premarital screening program for high risk people and providing social support for affected families would help to mitigate the impact of this disease. The authors do not declare any conflict of interest Introduction: Sickle cell anaemia as drepanocy- genetic blood related in which red blood cells form an cresent (sickle) or abnormal shape. This genetic disease is due to a change in the beta globin chain of glutamic acid amino acid) is replaced by valine (a non – polar) amino acid. This genetical change reduces the binding of haemoglobin for oxygen. At the low oxy-gen level the mutant haemoglobin, known as sickle haemoglobin (Hbss). Medicinal plants have been used in Indian folk medicine in the remedy of sickle cell anaemia by inhibiting sickling. This work was therefore aimed at screening the antisickling study of the aqueous extract of stems of T. Cardifolia and fruits of T.bellirica used in the Indian herbal medicine. Objective:- The present study investigates the preliminary screening of secondary metabolites of aqueous extracts of T. Cardifolia(stems) and T.bellirica(fruits) and invitro antisickling test (sickling reversal test). Materials and methods: Standard methods of phytochemical analysis of T. Cardifolia(stems) and T.bellirica(fruits) and sickling reversal test (invi-tro antisickling test), stems of T. Cardifolia,fruits of T.bellirica and Hbss blood samples etc. Results: Screening of secondary metabolites (bioactive molecules) and sickling reversal test were carried out using standard methods. The phyto-chemical screening indicated the presence of secondary metabo- lites (bioactive molecules) viz - alkaloids,flavonoids,phenols, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides etc. The results of antisickling reversal test that T. cardifolia(stems) and T. bellirica (fruits) exhibited potential antisickling property. Conclusion: The percentage of sickle cells of untreated Hbss was statistically significant higher than treated Hbss. The percentage of sickle cells decreased on the addition of aqueous extract of T. cardifolia stems and T. bellirica fruits on induced Hbss blood, which indicates the reversal of of Hbss blood to normal biconcave shape due to the presence of bioactive molecules, which have sickling reversal (anti-sickling property) and anti haemolytic properties. Purpose: Thalassemia remains a public health problem in Tunisia. The difficulties in setting up a prevention program can be explained in part by negative social representations and the general public's ignorance of this disease. This study examined the health literacy (HL) of Tunisian secondary school students regarding thalassemia as well as their emotional and behavioral attitudes towards this disease and preventive measures. Materials and methods: This is a quantitative study; a cross-sectional survey was conducted among Tunisian youths (n = 182; male 23,3 %, female 76,7 %). Data collection took place in two public secondary schools.Students aged 17 to 19 completed a paper and pencil questionnaire and described their knowledge level about Thalassemia, their affective and behavioral attitudes as well as their estimates of hereditary transmission


The affecting factors of the detecting method of the anti-fogging properties of films, such as the environmental temperature, the temperature of water bath, the angle of the film with horizontal plane and the distance of the water level to the film, were discussed all-sidedly, providing basis and standard for the evaluation of the anti-drop property of plastic film.


Purpose of reviewThis review describes the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of neutropenia in patients with hepatitis C. Recent findingsMild-to-moderate neutropenia is increasingly recognized as the hepatitis C population has caused increased cirrhosis. Multiple mechanisms for the neutropenia have been postulated, with recent evidence pointing toward a combination of hypersplenism, autoimmunity, and direct viral infection of bone marrow cells. Advances in antiviral therapy are associated with worsened neutropenia and dose modification. Severe neutropenia is underreported and is generally not associated with increased rates of infection. SummaryAlthough neutropenia is common in hepatitis C patients it generally has a benign course and may not prohibit antiviral therapy.


We present a lattice study of a four fermion theory, known as N mbu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) theory, via Wilson fermions. Four fermion interactions natura lly occur in several extensions of the Standard Model as a low energy parameterisation of a more fun damental theory. In models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking these operators, at an effective level, are used to endow the Standard Model fermions with masses. Furthermore these operators, when sufficiently strong, can drastically modify the fundamental composite dynamics by, for example, turning a strongly coupled infrared conformal theory into a (near) conformal o ne with desirable features for model building. As first step, we study spontaneous chiral symmetr y breaking for the lattice version of the NJL model.


The paper tells the process that property of land,including its properietary and authority of management,has developed demanding power of surplus value and controling power of management.It says that symmetry of the ones affects land economy of rural area on the basis of Hartmar's theory of the completenessless lease,and makes property of land divide the economical property and the political property of land,expounding relation of them,at the same time,it also translated property of the one into model of mathematics to prove theory of the one correcct or not according to the positive method.


One of the limitations in the use of ceramics in critial applications is due to the presence of microcracks, which may arise from differential thermal expansion and phase changes, among others. Acoustic emission signals occur when there are abrupt microdeformations in a material and thus offer a convenient means of non-destructive detection of microcracking. Examples of a study of acoustic emission from microcracking due to anisotropic thermal expansion in low thermal expansion single phase ceramics such as niobia and sodium zirconium phosphate ceramics and due to phase changes in zirconia and superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x ceramics are piesented, together with the case of lead titanate ceramics, which exhibits both a phase change (paraelectric to ferroelectric) and an anisotropic thermal expansion. The role of grain size on the extent of microcracking is illustrated in the case of niobia ceramics. Some indirect evidence of healing of microcracks on heating niobia and lead titanate ceramics is presented from...


The integration level of RFICs has exhibited dramatic progress during the last decade. For example, Si-based single-chip GSM/GPRS/DCS/PCS, WLAN, Bluetooth and DECT transceivers have all been reported in the past few years. The next major milestone for integration will be the single-chip RF-system-on-a-chip (i.e. "RF-SoC") product that supports multi-band multi-standard cellular standards (such as UMTS/GSM/GPRS/CDMA2000) with the wireless personal-area-network (PAN) and wireless-local-area-network (WLAN) features. To achieve this high level of RFIC integration, one has to choose radio circuit architectures that require a minimal number of external components, together with a judicious selection of the IC technology for implementation. Recent design trends on highly integrated wireless RFIC transceivers are reviewed, with emphasis on the RF-SoC performance trade-offs impacted by the chip-level architectural selection and the device-level technology choice. The major roadblocks to single-chip radio RFIC designs are briefly discussed.


A 29-year-old Japanese woman suffered from cough along with pruritic eruptions on the scalp and neck several hours after using two kinds of hair dye, first hair dye A (HD-A) followed by hair dye B (HDB) on the same day. The cough gradually worsened with dyspnoea appearing after 4 days, and she was treated in the emergency department. Although she had hair dye-induced dermatitis since the age of 27, she continued to dye her hair. Her medical history included allergic rhinitis and childhood asthma, but no atopic dermatitis. She was referred to our hospital for skin tests. HD-A and HD-B are oxidative hair dyes consisting of colour and developer solutions which contain hydrogen peroxide. The colour solution of HD-A contained toluene-2,5-diamine (p-toluenediamine [PTD]) and that of HD-B contained p-phenylenediamine (PPD). An open test and scratch test with PPD 1% pet., HD-A, and HD-B (separately tested "as is" including colour solution, developer, ready-to-use product as well as colour solution mixed with developer) showed no wheal or erythema after 15 minutes. Subsequently, the scratch test materials were removed while the materials of the open test were allowed to dry. In addition, a closed patch test with PPD 1% pet. was performed. Five hours later, pruritus appeared at the sites of the open and closed patch test. After 16 hours, the patient developed hoarseness, pharyngeal symptoms, and dyspnoea. We removed all test materials and administered corticosteroids intravenously. On day (D) 2 and D3, the open test was strongly positive for PPD and colour solution of HD-A (Table 1, Figure 1) and the 16-hour closed patch test was strongly positive to PPD. Furthermore, the 15-minute scratch test yielded a positive reactions at 16 hours, D2, and D3 (ie, infiltrated erythema) to the colour solutions of HD-A and HD-B.


This paper investigates whether teenagers are educationally advantaged if their parents are educators, using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Great Britain and Ireland from 2000. Examining whether teachers' children do better at tests of reading ability, the results show that children whose fathers teach at third level or whose mothers teach at second level do better. The paper also shows that teenagers are more likely to be helped with their schoolwork if their mothers are educators. The evidence tends to suggest that where teenagers benefit from a parent as a teacher it is through specific assistance from the mother and a more general effect from the father.


Objective To evaluate the biodistribution of 99Tcm labeled ethylenedicysteine (EC)-deoxyglucose(DG) in normal mice and S180 sarcoma bearing mice. Methods 48 normal mice and 48 S180 sarcoma bearing mice were divided into 8 groups and fasted more than 8 h before the injection of 99Tcm-EC-DG. 5, 15, 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h after the injection of 3.7 MBq 99Tcm-EC-DG, 96 mice each were sacrificed by cutting the carotid artery. Selected tissues were excised and weighed, and the radioactivity was counted. The ratios of tumor to blood, muscle, lung and liver were calculated respectively. Meanwhile, 5 mice were imaged after the injection of 18.5 MBq 99Tcm-EC-DG at each time sequence and T/NT ratios were also calculated. Results The %ID/g of all selected organs were decreased rapidly in 1 h except blood. The ratios of tumor to blood, muscle and lung gradually increased after the injection, and all reached above 1.0 at 4 h. The imaging showed that the radioactivity of tissues surrounding tumor were decreased gradually after the injection, and the tumor site was clearly visualized at 4 h. Conclusion 99Tcm-EC-DG can be used as an imaging agent for glucose metabolism of tumor.


In general the study of lower dimensional situations is motivated by the fact that in the simpler setting we can learn useful things which can be applied to four-dimensional problems. Moreover, there are possible physical applications: The high-temperature behavior of four-dimensional field theories is governed by their three-dimensional analysis (Gross et al., 1981; Dese et al., 1982). Interesting condensed matter phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect and high-T~ supercondictivity appear to involve planer gaugetheoretic dynamics. Introducing anyons in (2 + 1)-dimensional physics created a new point of contact between solid-state physics and particle physics. Anyonic superco'ndictivity presents a candidate for the explanation of the superconditing properties observed in certain materials at high temperature. The effective potential for a field theory as introduced by Euler, Heisenberg, and Schwinger is very useful in the study of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Unfortunately, an exact computation of the effective potential involves an infinite number of Feynman diagrams (Coleman and Wienberg, 1973), This is a difficult task, especially when several interactions are present.


Abstract In this article, a definition of a b ( α n , β n ) {b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})} -best approximations of b ( α n , β n ) {b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})} -hypermetric spaces over Banach algebras is given. Our objective is to prove the concept of extension of fixed point theorems in n n -ary orthogonal b ( α n , β n ) {b}_{\left({\alpha }_{n},{\beta }_{n})} -hypermetric spaces over Banach algebras.


This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Thien FCK, De Luca S, Woods RK, Abramson MJ. Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001283. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858. CD001283.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration


The relevance of the topic is due to the need to solve the scientific problem of substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of shering economy as a form of interaction of business structures. The purpose of the article is the theoretical justification, the development of scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for the development of the shering economy in the Republic of Crimea. The subject of the study is the shering economy as a new economic model. An analysis of the types of shering developed in the Crimean region was carried out. The reasons that caused seasonal fluctuations in the tourism and recreational sphere of the Crimean region were determined, and the negative impact of seasonality on the functioning of the tourism and recreational sphere was also considered. The article provides a justification for the prospects for the development of one of the forms of sharing economy - colivating - in the Republic of Crimea. The advantages of the development of the shering economy include: great opportunities for small entrepreneurs, more efficient use of resources, organization of additional jobs, increased speed of searching for the necessary goods and services, and greater choice, no need for personal contact, positive impact on the environment, the creation of a new quality control system based on consumer feedback, developing social ties in the process of finding the right things and services. The work proposed to use cottage villages and miniboarding houses located in the region for colivings. Comparative characteristics of different temporary means of accommodation are given. The practical significance of the results is that the developed provisions and recommendations can be used by entrepreneurial business structures in the tourism and recreation sector to reduce the seasonality of functioning.


The aim of the study was to identify chronotypes and to quantified their impact on the physical activity of the adult population (skDP) and college students (skVS). The objective of this study was a skDP group (n = 81, age = 50,6±11,7 years old; body height = 1,66±0,06 m; body weight = 68,4±12,0 kg; BMI = 24,7±4,1 kg/m2) and a skVS group (n = 50, age = 21,0±1,4 years old; body height = 1,72±0,08; body weight = 66,6±14,5 kg; BMI = 22,5±3,7 kg/m2). The identification of chronotype was carried out questionnaire of Smith, Reilly, Midkiff (1989) and by physical activity questionnaire. The relevant chronotype and the physical activity of the respondents was identified on the basis of the achieved score according to the set point scale. To compare the correlation relationships between variables we used nonparametric Spearman ́s test (rs) and for median dependence we used sme U-MannWhitney test. Statistical significance was assessed at the level of significance of variables at a value of p > 0,05. The results showed that in the skDP group of 53 respondents leaned towards the morning chronotype (65.4%), 26 respondents were neutral chronotype (32.1%) and 2 respondents leaned towards the evening chronotype (2.5%). In the skVS group we identifieds 6 respondents of morning chronotype (12%), 41 respondents of neutral chronotype (82%) and 3 respondents of evening chronotype (6%). In the skDP group we found a significant correlation relationship (rs = 0.23, p < 0.04) between chronotype and the physical activity. In the skVS group we Slovak Journal of Sport Science 3 (2018) 1: found an insignificant negative correlation relationship (rs =-0.05, p > 0.76). By comparing morning chronotypes and physical activity we found out an insignificant differences between skDP-r group and skVS-r group (U = 88.5; Z =1.778; p > 0.075) with low significance (r = 0.23. By comparing neutral chronotypes and the physical activity between the skDPn and skVS-n group we noticed a significant differences (U = 376, Z =-2.028, p < 0.043) with low significance (r = 0.25). INTRODUCTION Chronotype represents the timing of physiological, biochemical, psychological and physical variables that are closely related to the sleepwake cycle. Chronotype is controlled by central clocks stored in the suprachiasmatic nulcleus of the hypothalamus and is determined by genetical, environmental and by social factors especially by day light. People are generally daily creatures, which means that they are active during the day. However, individual differences often occur between individuals. The individual chronotype also determines the timing of the switching of hourly genes in cells called peripheral clocks. According to the individual chronotype the whole time system of the body is timed out by both central and peripheral hours.(Nováková et al. 2013). Physiological processes in people with different chronotype have a significant impact between biological and social hours. The natural light mode in different areas is known to affect human performance. (Jančoková, 2018). Identification of chronotype in humans is determined by the timing of the secretion of melatonin or by sleep. It can be reliably identified through standardised questionnaires used in different countries of the world. Conducted studies across geographical areas of the globe agrees that the distribution of chronotype in the population is almost Gaussian (Bendová, Červená, 2016). Authors dealing with the identification of chronotype classyfied people in to many different views. Authors dealing with the identification of chronotype sort people in different respects. Currently the most frequently used classification of chronotype for the morning type (called lark) is the type of person who is more active in the early stage of the day. The evening type (called owl) is a type of person who is more active mostly in an afternoon. According to Caciho et al. (2009) is morning type and Slovak Journal of Sport Science 3 (2018) 1: evening type opposite ends of the continuum to which individuals are assigned with respect to their preferred time for cognitive and physical activities. In chronobiology we recognize another type of chronotype so-called the balanced type or neutral type which does ́not have any time prefrerence to a specific time of the day. With above mentioned classification agrees the majority of authors for example: Horne, Ostberg (1976); Reilly et al. (2007); Harada et al. (2011); Muro et al. (2011); Adan et al. (2012); Roenneberg (2012); Waterhouse, Fukuda, Morita (2012); Jančoková et al., 2013; Levandovski (2013); Vitale et al. (2013); Díaz-Morales et al. (2014); Adan (2015); Loureiro, GarciaMarques (2015); Vančová, Pivovarniček, 2016(a,b); Leone et al. (2017); Fuhr (2017), Montaruli et al. (2017); Jančoková, 2018) and others. Research dealing with surveyes on the chronotype population state that chronotype in the ontogenetic development of an individual changes and it is influenced by exogenous factors (Lange a Radler, 2011). Children are the morning types in puberty they begins to outweigh towards evening type and by the end of the adolescence they can move up to the late evening type, but there are also exceptions to that. To similar results attain authors like (Randler, 2011; Simpkin et al., 2014; Nimrod, 2015; Rahafar et al., 2017). Research on chronotype preference in college students population indicates that this group tends to be a neutral type of the chronotype in particular because they do not have a fixed study schedule and the teaching takes place in the morning, in the afternoon and sometimes during the evening hours (Hagenauer, Ku, Lee, 2011; Werner et al., 2012; Kondrátová, 2018). Fernandes-Mendoza et al. (2010) in their study pointed out neutral type of the chronotype in the population. Paine et al. (2006) found that the morning and evening preference is independent of race, gender, socio-economic status, indicating that it is a stable characteristic of an individual studies have followed diurnal changes in the various parameters of the movement and which can be better clarified by endogenous factors. Most of the previously published scientific sports activities as well as how to achieve the performance. The term "diurnal" corresponds to the light stage of the day, by in contrast the term "nocturnal" means "night". It is known that many physiological parameters related to the physical acticvity or sports activity of a person during the day Slovak Journal of Sport Science 3 (2018) 1: fluctuate both at rest and during an effort. Many research shows a link between chronotypes and physical activities. Many authors emergins from carried out the studies note that monitoring individuals show a preference to sports and physical activities with the achievement of best performance over a period of time during the day (Bird, Tarpenning, 2004; Edwars et al., 2005; Jančoková a kol. (2011); Randler, 2011; Aloui et al., 2013; Montaruli et al., 2017 a ďalší). Reilly, Waterhouse (2009) and Kantermann et al. (2012) but they point out that during the day the performance and vigilance of a person changes depending on the time from getting up from the bed (the biological need for sleep to ensure homeostasis) but also from circadian rhythm. With similar implications also agrees Pivovarniček (2009) which complements the need to respect physiological regularities of biological rhythms. Based on the findings of Roenneberga et al. (2007), adolescents have two peaks of higher performance from 10. to 12. AM and between 16. and 18. PM. According to Barbosa, Albuquerque (2008) this is related to chronotype, because the morning types are exceled from 6-14 AM and the drop occurs from 14-22 PM. Vitale, Weydah (2017) examined the impact of physical activity and chronotype. They came to the conclusion that the physical activity in the morning chronotype showed the highest performance compared to the evening and neutral type. Randler (2011) pointed to the correlation between the morning type and the physical activity. This article is a part of the grant task VEGA 1/0583/18 Chronobiology as potentiality of improvement of population quality of life and lifestyle.


DURING a three-week visit to British Guiana in March 1960, three species of Cotingidae of differenit genera were briefly studied: the White Bellbird (Procnias alba), the Greenheart Bird (Lipaugus cineraceuts), and the Calf or Capuchin Bird (Perissocephalus tricolor). There has been little published on the behavior of these species. For British Guiana, Chubb (1921) draws on the works of Schomburgk (1848), Quelch (1890), Beebe (1910), and Brown (1876), and gives a description of some of the calls and the habitats. The Cotingidae are a family so diverse in appearance and size, that any similarities in their habits and social organization are of interest. Some similarities were found, although more problems were discovered thani solved. But, in view of the scant knowledge of the family, unsolved problems seem worth recounting. It will be helpful occasionally to compare the belhavior of the Cotingidae studied in British Guiana with that of the Bearded Bellbirdl (Procnias averanio) at present being studied in Trinidad (B. Snow, unpublished). Th-is species is higlhly sexually dimorphic, with the female cryptically colored. TIhe male, a spectacular mainly black ancl white bird, devotes all his time to calling from a territory in the forest in which he also feeds. The call is very louid and far reaching and advertises his presenice to the female and possible rivals. When the female is ready to mate, she visits the male in his calling territory. Copulation takes place on a special branch after a preliminary ritualized display by the male. There is no other contact between the sexes, the female undertaking all nesting activities by herself, usually at some distance from the males' calling territories. The adult males appear to b)e slightly sociable anid prefer a calling territory withiin earshot of another male. The immature males are more sociable, and two or three will call within 16 imieters of each otlher.


Thank you very much for downloading new electronic pathways videotex teletext and online databases. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this new electronic pathways videotex teletext and online databases, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Previous research and literature related to nursing roll in stroke rehabilitation stresses that the nurses have a central roll in the rehabilitation process. This central roll implies that the nurse throw education, guidance and emotional support can facilitate that the patients recognise their ability to perform self-care activities. The aim of this interview study was to explore what rehabilitation and nursing care implies for patients with stroke. Data was obtained from eleven patients at two stroke rehabilitation wards, analyzed with content analyze. The result shows that the patients experienced a possibility for an independent life, and nurse's mode of care as diffuse. They asked for more of personal dialog with the nurse. It is important that nurses change their manner, becomes more distinctive in their mode of care if nurses rehabilitative function are going to be fulfilled.


Previous investigations have shown that the phosphorescence from native DNA is not the sum of the emission from the individual nucleotides.1 . 2 In this note we shall present evidence from electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical emission studies which shows that the observed emission from UV-irradiated DNA is from the thymine moieties. Because thymine only phosphoresces when it loses its N1 proton (pK = 9.8), these results are consistent with an effective transfer of this proton from thymine to adenine during emission. All measurements reported were made at 770K on samples dissolved in a 1:1 ethylene glycol-water glass. Concentrations used for making optical measurements were in the range 10-3-10-4 M. For ESR measurements the concentrations ranged from 3 X 10-4 M to 3 X 10-2 M. Optical emission measurements were made using Bausch and Lomb 0.5-meter grating monochromators for both excitation and emission. The light was modulated at 150 cps and phase-sensitive detection was used to observe the signal. A Varian Associates X-band spectrometer with 100 kc/s modulation was used for the ESR measurements. For excitation in the microwave cavity an Osram 200-watt high-pressure Hg lamp was used with an aqueous NiSO4 filter. With the exception of poly rAU and poly dAT, at least three different samples from different sources were used for all of these measurements. At 770K, neutral pH, the purine nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) have long-lived triplet states which phosphoresce.3 4 The pyrimidine nucleotides thymidine monophosphate (TMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP) show no phosphorescence at neutral pH. In DNA, the observed phosphorescence bears little resemblance to either of the two purine nucleotides for, as shown in Figure 1, the DNA emission is less intense, redshifted, and less structured than the purines. Measurements of the triplet-state lifetimes show that native DNA has a 0.3-sec decay time compared with 2.3 sec for AMP and 1.3 sec for GMP. From Figure 1 we estimate the quantum yield of phosphorescence of DNA to be --0.2 per cent compared with -2 per cent for GMP. As part of an attempt to understand these observations, measurements were carried out on synthetic polynucleotides which serve as models for DNA and RNA. Among the systems studied was poly rAU which is a double-stranded polymer with Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding between the adenine and uracil bases. In this system, where the adenine and uracil bases alternate in a single strand, the observed emission resembled that of uridine at pH > 10 where the N1 proton is removed


Pulse rate and rhythm are indicators of the health of a human's blood circulation. Being able to detect one's pulse rate and rhythm in an emergency situation could be the difference between life and death. The work presented in this paper is preliminary work on algorithms that will equip a robot with the necessary skills to assess a human's pulse. Algorithms for pulse detection and the calculation of beats per minute (bpm) and Pulse to Pulse Interval (PPI) are presented and used to classify if a heart rate is normal, bradycardic, or tachycardic. Furthermore PPI is used to determine if the pulse rate is regular or in a form of arrhythmia. The results in this paper show that pulse was successfully detected and a subjects bpm calculated using a trough detection method. Furthermore the system proved to be capable of classifying the pulse as being regular or arrhythmic.


The first part of this paper deals as main topic with the particles found in engine oils, their origin, their type, composition and properties. By this, a first impression of the possibilities for early failure detection and avoidance of failures should be given. A partition is made into particles as part of the engine and particles from the outside (different particles). On the last their influence on the lifetime of bearings is discussed. Finally the possibilities of particle seperation are mentioned. In a second part, in one of the next issues, the author reports about his longtime experience using particles for early failure detectionin by laborotary investigations. Main topics are particle separation, counting and microscopy including X-ray element analysis. Finally the new topicality of the methods mentioned are shown in this context.


Americans are disconnected. The FCC estimates about 22 million Americans today do not have access to broadband. 1 However, the FCC's broadband data are notoriously inaccurate and severely under-represent the number of Americans without access to the internet or with access to only one ISP. 2 Independently gathered data suggest the true number of Americans without broadband is closer to double the federal government's estimate. 3.


Electric discharges of several megawatts were applied, at 77 K, to propelling devices made of Y123 superconducting layers and thin insulating layers. During the discharges, the devices were strongly pushed in the direction opposed to the electron flow. The layered devices were apparently propelled by their emission of a momentum-bearing flux of an unknown nature. This flux weakly accelerated distant irradiated matter and created several physical effects not yet reported. The emitted beam had no electric charge, and traveled through materials without apparent absorption or dispersion, at a speed much greater than 1% the speed of light. The kinetic energy transferred by the propelling momentum of the devices to external masses, were proportional to the square of the electric energy of the discharges. No known effects were found which could explain these phenomena.


ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and ego defense style among 130 college students. Cluster analysis results facilitated the identification of groups of adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and non-perfectionists. The researchers found that identified maladaptive perfectionists used significantly more immature ego defense styles than adaptive perfectionists. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Evidence is presented disproving the previously suggested formation of stable semiquinone esters during the oxidation of the sulphuric acid esters of leuco vat dyes (1). Under appropriate conditions it appears most likely that the leuco compound which may be produced by hydrolysis of the original ester will disproportionate to yield the vat dye and a compound at a lower oxidation level than the leuco compound.


THIS study analyzes the acoustic planform method as an alternative to using the equation of Ffowes Williams and Hawkings for predicting transonic and supersonic rotor noise. The studied method avoids the singularity encountered when the noise source travels towards the observer at sonic velocity. It introduces the necessity for computing acoustic planforms and integrating over them. Results are presented for a rotating, rectangular, monopole surface with supersonic tip velocity. These computations show a decrease in peak acoustic pressure as the tip speed increases beyond a critical supersonic Mach number. The results provide an explanation for some experimental data and some guidelines for proceeding on to the prediction of actual rotor noise.


Governments and businesses are becoming ever more interested in the production and capitalisation of knowledge, so much so that the 'knowledge economy' is now regarded as the paradigm of economic progress. This has significant implications for teaching and research generally, and for the IS community in particular. This paper provides a brief analysis of general developments in higher education to provide a context for discussing the developments specific to IS. Stakeholder analysis is then used to identify the main responsibilities and pressures placed upon the IS academic community. Using the stakeholder analysis as a set of 'requirements' that the IS academic community must balance, several ways in which IS teaching and research can better contribute value to the various stakeholder groups are identified. Throughout the paper, several 'policy level' recommendations are made that could lead to the IS community being better able to manage the pressures exerted by different stakeholder groups and, consequently, being more able to address a broad range of commercial and social issues.


With the development of the NPM and public sector reforms, a new model of PA- citizens relationship in public management is addressed. The scholar's attention to verify and overcome the gaps in PA-citizens relations for a more effective quality in public service delivery is increasingly relevant, but quality policy programs implementation for a more integrated citizen-centered service is still poorly developed. At the first glance the continuous improvement of implementation programs dealing with citizen-centered service and the quality-oriented practices in Italy and Romania seems quite fragmented. The argument sets the general framework for assessing quality service, exploring the causal relationships between administrative performance in terms of transparency and citizen' satisfaction within the public administration, through the analyses on a fist stage projects implementation and instruments of evaluation institutionalization. The paper presents a first initial overview on the current quality policies, paradigms and projects for delivery of government services for a citizens/customer development approach through a more integrated, easy-to-access and personalized services and generates also, possible guidance in methods in carrying reforms, tools and mechanisms of evaluation.


Internal waves (IWs) are broadly distributed globally and have significant impacts on offshore engineering and underwater navigation. The prediction of IW propagation is a challenging task because of the complex factors involved. In this study, a machine-learning model was developed to predict IW propagation in the Andaman Sea. The model is based on a back-propagation neural network trained by 1189 IW samples, including the crest length and the peak-to-peak distance of IWs, extracted from 123 Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and 33 Ocean Land Color Instrument (OLCI) images acquired from 2015 to 2019 and corresponding ocean environment parameters. Using the leading wave crest within an IW packet as input, we ran the model to forecast the IW locations and compare them with satellite observations. The average root-mean-square difference between the model-forecasted and satellite-observed IW leading crest after one tidal cycle was 3.21 km. The corresponding averaged correlation coefficient was 0.95 and the average Fréchet Distance was 11.46 km. We reiterated the model run over two tidal periods and obtained similar statistical results, indicating the robustness of forecasting IW packets. We find that reducing the time step helped to improve forecasting accuracy. The influence of input errors and seasonal variations on model results are discussed and an analysis shows that the initial propagation direction introduced to the model is necessary for cross-propagating IW patterns. Comparisons with the Korteweg-de Vries equation results show that the developed model has better performance and is more robust.


Appreciation of the beauty of Chinese tradiational drawing go through the process of interlization,fineness,complication,while being of human being changing and evoluing of Chinese tradiational culture.It goes through "being similar in form","lifelike","lively spirit","prospect of soul" the four main forms.


[Extract] Dramatic losses of forest and biodiversity across the Asia-Pacific region are a great cause for concern. The region's tropical ecosystems are under immense pressures, be it from conversion to exotic plantations in Indonesia and
Malaysia or intense demand for wildlife products in
Vietnam and China. The fragmentation and disturbance
of natural vegetation by proliferating road networks and
other infrastructures is seriously affecting many sensitive
species, especially those that are slow-reproducing, large-
bodied or range-restricted. Such changes are already altering seed dispersal, pollination and other key forest processes, making it even more difficult to predict the future impacts of climate change.


The rabbit has been commonly used for experimental syphilis since Bertarelli (1906) first inoculated this species with Treponema pallidum. Three years earlier, Metchnikoff and Roux (1906) had succeeded in making the monkey the first animal successfully inoculated with the disease. However, but for isolated and notable exceptions (Neisser, 1906, 1908; Turner and Hollander, 1957), few subsequent studies of experimental syphilis have been performed in the primate. Because of interest in the clinical problem of sero-negative ocular and neurosyphilis (Smith, 1964, 1965; Smith, Singer, Moore, and Yobs, 1965; Smith and Taylor, 1965), here defined as late syphilis in which serum reagin tests are non-reactive but which can be detected by specific treponemal tests, a study of experimental syphilis in the primate was begun in this laboratory in 1963. During the past 3 years, the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) and the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) have been found to be especially suitable species for ophthalmological investigation (Smith, Singer, Reynolds, Moore, Yobs, and Clark, 1965; Taylor, Smith, and Singer, 1965). These small primates are inexpensive, hardy in nature, and safe as a laboratory animal. They possess obvious advantages over the rabbit in having fundi quite similar to man, and in not having laterally placed eyes, an important point when studying pupillary function. The owl monkey has larger eyes and has hence been preferred for anterior segment technical reasons, but the fundus of the squirrel monkey is more like that of man (Smith, Reynolds, Rane, and


Cemented backfill is an important contribution to ground support, particularly in high stress conditions. The
rate at which strength, and more importantly stiffness, increases with time after placement of backfill is
crucial to the safe and reliable use of this technology, but is an area that is currently poorly understood. The
importance of the interaction between fill type, binder and water used during the hydration process and their
impact on the rate of gain of stiffness and strength is highlighted. The principle of effective stress is critical
to understanding how pore pressures generated during placement and consolidation of backfill affects the
loads on barricades used to retain the newly-placed fill. Based on laboratory and in-situ experimental work,
a constitutive model has recently been developed at the University of Western Australia that considers
strength and stiffness gain with hydration time, self-desiccation and the effect on pore pressures in the fill. A
comparison of pore pressures developed during the staged filling of a stope is used to illustrate the
versatility of the model when incorporated into a finite element package. The utilisation of this model
enables the choice of fill and binder combination to be optimised, and provides greater certainty in the use of
cemented backfill in high stress conditions.


Vocational education is survivor:in the viewsight of survivorship,vocational education pay attention to sensible people,and connect people's survivor with nature,society,history and culture;vocational education is life:vocational education base itself on people's daily life,face to people's future life and and walk up to possible life;the vocational education value in the view of survivorship don't avoid its tool and utility nature,but it pay more attention to peoples' survivor meaning and value pursuit.


The growth of out-of-town shopping in Britain provides a challenge to those who manage town and city-centre shopping areas. This article outlines some of the strategies currently being employed to modernise and enhance central shopping schemes and discusses some of the issues and problems associated with such strategies.


The invention relates to a suction type water catcher which comprises a shell, a controller and absorption columns, wherein the left end and the right end of the shell are respectively provided with an air suction port and an air exhaust port; the shell is internally provided with a plurality of absorption columns; the absorption columns are connected with the controller; a water outlet is formed on the lower part of the shell; and each he absorption column comprises a magnetic press plate, an absorbent material, a miniature water outlet pipe and an electromagnet, wherein the miniature water outlet pipe is internally provided with the electromagnet connected with the controller, the magnetic press plate is arranged outside the miniature water outlet pipe, and an interval between the magnetic press plate and the miniature water outlet pipe is filled with the absorbent material. The suction type water catcher can completely catch and timely exhaust the moisture evaporated in a vacuum chamber under the condition that no refrigerating unit is provided. The suction type water catcher has the advantages of no noise, small volume, low cost and low energy consumption, and has strong scientific research value and practical value.


The generation of secondary convection, following an earlier episode of convection, within a heavy‐rain‐producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) along a Mei‐Yu front in eastern China on 6–8 July 2013 is studied based on convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting simulations. The initiation of the secondary convection is found to be directly linked to the downward development of a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) spawn by the MCS. In the early and mature stage, the MCV center is located at the middle troposphere; it descends gradually with time as the parent MCS began to decay, with the associated convection transitioning from deep to shallow convection. The descent of the MCV occurs in response to the lowering of the maximum diabatic heating within the convective system, which increases positive potential vorticity down below. When the MCV reaches the lower troposphere, it becomes coupled with the prefrontal southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ). The confluence of the MCV rotational flow with the LLJ notably enhances the convergence on the southern flank of the MCV, where the secondary convection is triggered and swapped through the southeastern flank of the MCV. Unlike that found in the MCV of the U.S. Central Plains, the cold pool produced by the Mei‐Yu frontal MCS is rather weak and shallow and appears to play only a minor role in promoting convection. The balanced isentropic lifting by the MCV circulation is also weak, although the MCV circulation does help localize the secondary convection.


This article provides an overview of a mother-tongue education project for the Ju|'hoansi of Nyae Nyae in Namibia—the village schools. These schools are the only places in southern Africa where an Indigenous San community has access to mother-tongue education for 3 years; and are, thus, an important example in the region. However, there are some daunting challenges that still hinder the transition of Ju|'hoan children to the mainstream government schools in Grade 4. Working conditions for the teachers and principal are also extremely difficult and often overlooked by outsiders who are involved. Written by the Ju|'hoan principal of the village schools and a researcher who has been involved in the area for over 10 years, this article describes the original goals of the village schools when they were initiated, and highlights key points in their process over the past 15 years, including successes and ongoing challenges.


In this paper an improved method for measuring the radiation efficiency of small devices is introduced. The method is based on Wheeler's principle of measuring the antenna impedance within two controlled environments: free space and a closed metallic box. An extended equivalent circuit is introduced, that gives an exact description of the behavior of the small device within the metallic box. This model is the basis for the determination of the radiation efficiency, independent of the size of the box and the location of the device within the box. In the next part of the paper, a concept for an integrated up-to-date multiband antenna for a GSM mobile phone is presented. The characterization of the radiation efficiency by the above mentioned method proves the new way to characterize the efficiency. WHEELER'S METHOD The radiation efficiency rad η describes the losses within the antenna structure. It is defined by the ratio of the radiated power Prad over the power Pin going into the antenna terminal [1]:


Abstract Better bibliographic control of full-text titles in aggregated databases is desperately needed. Martin conducted a survey to gather data on the range of approaches to providing access to these electronic titles. The results indicated staffing levels are inadequate for this task; technical services staff are universally struggling to find satisfactory solutions. Martin provided examples of collaborative efforts that promote shared records for electronic resources.


Internet of Things (IoT) application utilizes devices with limited hardware resources such as the wireless sensor network application and devices with sufficient hardware resources such as satellite applications. The main challenge is to design a lightweight encryption algorithm to be implementable on devices with limited hardware resources in IoT applications. This work proposes a lightweight encryption algorithm with the provision of protection against the side-channel and nonce misuse attack. The lightweight encryption algorithm utilizes an AES like rounds architecture with reduced rounds to reduce area consumption and high-throughput provision. Its implementation of software and hardware validates the lightweight encryption algorithm. The lightweight encryption algorithm provides similar avalanche effects, as shown by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The lightweight encryption algorithm utilizes sub-algorithms for the randomization of Initialization Vector (IV) and the generation of randomizing keys for every ciphertext. The encryption algorithm is compared with the recent implementations for resource comparison and security analysis.


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Self-heating characteristics of a complex nickel-copper sulphide ore stockpile containing pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite have been investigated through continuous monitoring of its inner temperature over a 7-month period (May to December). Variation of external weather parameters such as air temperature, dew point, wind velocity, air humidity and atmospheric pressure are reported. The inner temperature of the stockpile varied from 10.5°C to 44°C. One reason for the maximum temperature to be relatively low is related to lack of reactive surface area since amount of fines in the stockpile is limited. The inner temperatures indicated significant fluctuations due to rapid changes in ambient conditions, particularly the outside temperature, which ranged from -5°C to 32°C. Despite an apparent parallelism between these two types of temperatures, occasional occurrences of rapid decrease in the ambient temperature while the stockpile was still in a self-heating mode were notable. These rapid cooling effects on the stockpile had a retardation effect on trends of increasing inner temperatures. Regular rain showers that the stockpile area received may have also played a role in dissipation of heat, especially when the stockpile experienced a heavy rain. The loss of pentlandite recovery due to stockpile oxidation was about 6.2% compared to 4.0% for chalcopyrite. These losses have been attributed to over-oxidation of these minerals primarily based on development of ferric hydroxy oxide species such as goethite and precipitation of hydroxides of various metal species mobilized as a result of oxidation. Interestingly, floatability of pyrrhotite has been enhanced by stockpile-oxidation. Thus, the flotation selectivity shifts in favour of pyrrhotite for the oxidation case. This behavior was attributed to metal-activation and elemental sulphur/polysulphide formation due to oxidation of the sulphide part of these sulphide minerals. Relative amounts of hydrophilic to hydrophobic species on the surfaces are responsible for observed bench scale behavior.


In the demand restricted economy, great changes have taken place in China's residents consumption psychology and consumption behavior. The current consumption of urban and rural residents in China has presented a series of new change laws. Only analyzing and researching seriously the trend of residents consumption and giving active play to the promoting and guiding effect of consumption on production can bring production and consumption into a healthy circle.


Based on the Laffer's Curve theory,the single-object static best tax rate point will be changed for developing the regulation sector,multi-object of dynamic tax rate.It provides a new exploration space for us to realize the production structure optimization and the regulation extend. On this basis,it was proved that the Intrinsic relations and characteristics of Income maximization of GDP,personal sector and public sector are impossible simultaneously to achieve the maximization at any same tax rate points.


Three sunflower genotypes (M 734, Rumbosol 91 and V2000 variety) enriched with 0.5% of urea (U); 0.5% of calcium carbonate (CC); 0.5% of urea plus 0.5% of calcium carbonate (U + CC); commercial bacterial inoculate (BI); and without any additive, used as control silage (T) were ensiled in PVC silos and opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days to determine the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA), lignin and dry matter in vitro digestibility (DMIVD). The Rumbosol 91 genotype silage showed higher NDF, ADF and lignin than V2000 and M734 genotypes. The additives did not promote changes in the cell wall constituents. No statistical differences among silages of the genotypes for DMIVD were observed during the fermentative process. The DMIVD at 56 days were 51.0, 49.1 and 48.9% for silage of M734, V2000 and Rumbosol 91 genotypes, respectively. No difference between silages with additives and control (T), during the fermentative process for DMIVD was observed. The additives did not improve sunflower silages. The genotypes showed similar in vitro digestibility, and the Rumbosol 91 genotype showed high compound of cell wall constituent.


Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used to treat hypertension. Most ARBs are metabolized by CYP2C9. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between sex, polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genes, and the pharmacokinetics of losartan, valsartan, candesartan, and telmisartan. The study population comprised 246 healthy volunteers from seven single-dose clinical trials: 64 from two candesartan studies, 43 from a telmisartan study, 36 from a losartan study, and 103 from three valsartan studies. DNA was extracted from blood samples and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 (CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3, CYP2C8*4, CYP2C8*5) and CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3) genes were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sex only affected telmisartan pharmacokinetics, since women showed a higher telmisartan C max than men (590.5 6 75.8 ng/ml versus 282.1 6 30.8 ng/ml; P £ 0.01). CYP2C9 variants were associated only with losartan pharmacokinetics: the half-life of losartan was higher in CYP2C9*3 allele carriers (3.1 6 0.4 hours) than in volunteers with the wild-type genotype (2.3 6 0.1 hours) ( P £ 0.05). CYP2C8 polymorphisms were associated only with valsartan pharmacokinetics, since *2 allele carriers showed faster clearance (1.07 6 0.57 l/h · kg) than those with the wild-type genotype (0.48 6 0.72 l/h · kg; P £ 0.01) and carriers of the *3 allele (0.35 6 0.49 l/h · kg; P £ 0.001). These results suggest that genotypes for CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 are relevant to the pharmacokinetics of losartan and valsartan, respectively, but not the pharmacokinetics of candesartan or telmisartan.


This research aims to estimate shallow water depth using Worldview 3 satellite imagery and dual-channel models in Karimunjawa waters, Central Java – Indonesia. To build dual-channel models, we used spectral data that had been validated in the field. Twenty-three depth data were recorded synchronous to the spectral data used in forming the semianalytical dual-channel models. Twelve models were tested using 633 depth data with a non-linear model using multiple polynomial regression analysis degrees 1 and 2. This research has shown that the proposed model has been confirmed to improve depth accuracy. Models using blue and green channels of Worldview 3 image result in good accuracies especially for estimating depths with interval from 5 to 20 meters with RMSE of 1,592 meters (5–10 meters), 2,099 meters (10–15 meters), and 1,239 meters (15–20 meters). The wavelengths of two channels have a low absorption rate to penetrate deeper waters than other wavelengths. The research also finds out that there are still models that meet the IHO standard criteria.


Abstract The determination of heights for vertical control purposes has been performed successfully by the hydrostatic technique many times in the past under conditions where the line was laid in a body of water with its ends at approximately the same level. The possibility of a more general application such as to the measurement of height differences under conditions in which the line is subject to variable and extreme environmental conditions is discussed. It is concluded that a hydrostatic heighting system might be developed capable of measuring, for example, height differences of up to 10m in hydrostatic lines up to 1000 m in length, with an accuracy of 1 nun or better.


Abstract This comparative case study illuminates communicative strategies arising in contact between two migrant clients, 'Maria' and 'Suda', and their caseworker at the Norwegian welfare office. Suda and Maria mobilize bureaucratic, digital, and linguistic abilities as part of their health literacies to manage in-person contact, institutional websites, letters, and digital bureaucracy. Additionally, they collaborate with their Norwegian spouses to navigate the complex communicative situation at the welfare office and actively bring up this brokering strategy to increase their social and linguistic authority vis-à-vis their caseworkers. Combining Bourdieusian symbolic power with epistemic stance, and drawing on observations and interviews, I investigate how power and responsibility are negotiated between the women and their caseworkers. In their interactions, brokering strategies function as social capital in several ways, enabling the women to access institutional services, and reassuring their caseworkers that the women have sufficient literacy resources to gain access. I discuss the dual nature of brokering strategies as capital, but also as a factor that may reproduce structural vulnerability, and argue for better understanding of brokering as a health literacy strategy.


Introduction to marine resources was one professional course of marine science,enviroment,ecology,earth science disciplines in many universities. And it was offered as a public optional course in many universities containing marine subject. The paper analyzed the status of the course of introduction to marine resources. Then based on the teaching practice,the paper explored the course positioning,content of courses and teaching technique,the aim was to provide the reference and the basis for the curriculum constrouction.


Music is a very important part of national culture, and also an important intangible cultural heritage. In the contemporary era of rapid economic development and increasingly prosperous exchanges between China and the west, the inheritance and promotion of national music has attracted unprecedented attention and become an important topic in the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China. Starting from the context of intangible cultural heritage, this paper analyzes the key points of inheritance and promotion of national music in the context of intangible cultural heritage, hoping to contribute to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China.


A photovoltaic generator exhibits nonlinear voltage-current characteristics and its maximum power point varies with solar radiation and cell temperature. A Dc/Dc power converter is used to match the photovoltaic system to the load and to operate the PV (photo voltaic) cell array at maximum power point. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a process which tracks one maximum power point from PV array input, varying the ratio between the voltage and current delivered to get the most power it can. There are different techniques proposed with lot of algorithms are being used in the MPPT controller to extract the maximum power. It is very difficult for the photo voltaic designers, researchers and academic experts to select a particular MPPT technique for a particular application which requires the background knowledge and comparative features of various MPPT algorithms. This paper will be avaluable source for those who work in the photo voltaic generation, so its objective is to review the main MPPT algorithms in practice and analyzes the merits and demerits with various factors.


Chaetomium globosum ND35 was colonized inside the seedling plants of chestnut,and its effects on seedling height,root system and flowering amount of chestnut seedlings were studied.The results indicated that ND35 had no significant influence on seedling-height growth of chestnut,but had significant influence on growth of laterals and capillary root and flowering time of chestnut.The colonization activity of ND35 in plant tissue of chestnut seedlings was related to temperature.


This edited collection of chapters showcases original and interdisciplinary ethnographic fieldwork in a range of international settings; including studies of underground pub life in North East England; Finnish hotels; and bio-scientific institutions in the Amazonian rainforest. Informed by John Law's concept of ethnographic "mess," this book makes a unique, empirically-informed, contribution to an understanding of the social construction of knowledge and the role that ethnography can and does play (Law, 2004). It provides a range of colourful snapshots from the field, showing how different researchers from multiple research environments and disciplines are negotiating the practicalities, and epistemological and ethical implications, of "messy" ethnographic practice as a means of researching "messy" social realities.


The influence of atomic interaction strength between solid wall and fluid on the flow around a nanoscale circular cylinder was numerically probed with the molecular dynamics method. The results show that when the flow velocity is 2.2 and Reynolds number is 23, vortices are periodically formed behind the circular cylinder at the nanoscale, and go through the development and shedding. With the weakening of wall-fluid interaction between cylinder surface and fluid atoms, the vortex shedding period decreases, the Strouhal number increases, the weak wall-fluid interaction is beneficial for increasing vortex shedding frequency. It reveals that the length of time-averaged vortex behind the nanoscale cylinder decreases slightly with the decrease of wall-fluid interaction. Furthermore, the fluid density and velocity are symmetrically distributed along the central axis of nanoscale cylinder. As the wall-fluid interaction decreases, the binding force of cylinder surface to the fluid atoms decreases, which results in the decrease of the minimum value of fluid density in the upper right and lower right regions near the cylinder. And, the argon fluid is more prone to occur velocity slip on the cylinder surface, the corresponding velocity near the cylinder surface increases significantly.


Objective To know the disinfection performance of electrolysis-type ozone air-purifying disinfector.Methods Simulated on-the-spot and on-the-spot test methods and instrument method were used to determine the disinfection efficacy and ozone concentration of this air-purifying disinfector.Results In a 20 m3 aerosol chamber,operation of the ozone air-purifying disinfector for 5 min generated ozone 2.1 mg/m3 in air and operation for 30 min generated ozone 50.7 mg/m3.In a 60 m3 closed room,the ozone concenteration was 10.7 mg/m3 after operation of the disinfector for 30 min and decreased to 0.13 mg/m3 after natural attenuation for 70 min or opening the window for ventilation for 15 min.In a 20 m3 aerosol chamber,operation of the disinfector for 30 min eliminated over 99.96% in average of artificially contaminating Staphylococcus albus in air.In a 60 m3 closed room,operation of the disinfector for 30 min eliminated over 93.00% in average of natural bacteria in air.Conclusion The electrolysis-type ozone air purifying disinfector can produce high concentration of ozone in a short time and has good efficacy in killing S.albus and natural bacteria in indoor air.


In this paper we will present the results of our survey on economic freedom, and its impact on economic growth in the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic Croatia. To measure economic freedom we will use The Index of Economic Freedom published by the Heritage Foundation in cooperation with the Wall Street Journal. Our basic assumption is  that increase of the economic freedom, will lead to the real GDP growth. We find that economic freedom have strong, but different impact on GDP growth for both countries