The first Notice given to the Royal Society of this extraordinary Child, was a Letter communicated by Mr. Philip Miller, F. R. S. to the President, inclosing one he had received from the Rev. Mr. Almond, Minister of the Parish.


in recent years have led to the development of new mines around existing production centres, such as the Bushveld Complex, as well as renewed exploration activity for Pt–Pd deposits in new areas and in unconventional geological settings. This special issue of the Applied earth science section of IMM Transactions contains papers presented at the session '21st Century Pt–Pd deposits' held as part of the twenty-fifth Annual meeting of the Geological Society's Mineral Deposits Studies Group at the University of Southampton, England, in January, 2002—together with an earlier submission by Dr. L. Cabri, who was unfortunately unable to be present at the meeting. The event was sponsored and supported by Anglo Platinum, the British Geological Survey, the IMM, Lonmin, Minmet and Rio Tinto. Abstracts from the meeting, including some contributions on platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization that are not presented as papers here, were published in the September–December, 2001, issue of the Applied earth science section of IMM Transactions. Exploration for PGE in the United Kingdom has taken place sporadically since the late 1960s, and the opening review paper by Gunn and Styles gives an excellent summary of known or suspected PGE mineralization in Britain. The settings include the Unst ophiolite in Shetland, alkaline ultramafic complexes in northwest Scotland and the Carboniferous–Permian basins of southern Scotland and Devon. In layered intrusions and basaltic lava feeder complexes such as Noril'sk the PGE often show associations with massive sulphides and/or chromitite and most PGE exploration remains geared to locating new deposits in similar settings. Cabri et al. describe the mineralogical distribution of Pd, Ru and Rh in the disseminated sulphide ores of the Noril'sk 1 layered intrusion and highlight the significant fraction of PGE hosted in solid solution by various sulphides. Kinnaird et al. undertook an isotope study of PGE-bearing chromitites in the Bushveld Complex and present convincing evidence for sudden, short-lived enrichment in initial 87Sr/86Sr in the interstitial plagioclase that crystallized along with the chromitite. They suggest that injection of new basic magma, coupled to simultaneous contamination by granophyric roof magma, triggered precipitation of chromite and the subsequent collection of PGE into these layers. However, sulphide–chromite associations are not universal. The area of the Bushveld Complex likely to see the greatest expansion in PGE production in the near future is the Northern Limb, which contains the Platreef, where Anglo Platinum currently operates the world's only large-scale open-pit platinum mine. Armitage et al. present the first detailed account of the geology and mineralogy of the Platreef at Sandsloot mine. The Platreef is very different from other deposits in the Bushveld Complex. It is both sulphideand chromite-poor, with widespread evidence for fluid activity, contains abundant low-temperature platinum-group minerals (PGM) and shows development of PGE-rich skarn lithologies in the Platreef footwall. An unusual, intrusion-hosted style of Cu–Pd mineralization from the Legris Lake Complex in Canada is described by Pettigrew and Hattori. The ore zone is a sulphidepoor leucogabbro situated within zones of intense magmatic brecciation that appears to have formed from an evolved magma after significant removal of olivine and clinopyroxene. Similarly exotic Pd–Au mineralization hosted by apatite–olivinite and pyroxenite occurs at Eurasia Mining's Baronskoye prospect in the central Urals. Potter presents an enlightening case study of the exploration programme that led to the discovery and understanding of this deposit. There is also increasing evidence for structurally controlled, sulphide-poor epigenetic PGE mineralization. S, ener and co-workers review the geology of three high-grade Au–Pd deposits from Australia and Brazil. They highlight the structural and geochemical similarities between them and suggest that these deposits might represent a new class of PGE deposit associated with the Fe oxide–Cu–Au deposit group. The mineralogy of the PGE in such deposits is explored by Cabral et al., who describe palladian gold and other Pd-rich PGM found associated with the hematite and jacutinga-style gold of the Gongo Soco iron mine in Brazil. Many magmatic PGE deposits have a thick cap of oxidized mineralization, which is usually discarded as waste. Evans considers the potential for mining and processing this potentially high-grade oxidized ore. Taking the oxidized ores of the Main Sulphide Zone in the Great Dyke as an example, he describes the oxidized mineralogy and reviews a number of metallurgical schemes for processing this type of material. The final paper, by Rudashevsky et al., outlines new hydroseparation technology and its application to a PGE-bearing chromitite from the Niquelândia intrusion in Brazil. The hydroseparator appears to offer a major improvement over conventional polished sections in representative sampling of the PGM population.


This article presents a simple example that illustrates the key differences and similarities between the Fisherian, Neyman-Pearson, and Bayesian approaches to testing. Implications for more complex situations are also discussed.


Objective: To analyze the effect of vitamin D administration on vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) expression and angiogenesis number during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in pregnant Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methodology: This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design. Lameshow's sample size formula was used with random sampling method. Twenty eight female Wistar rats were divided into 2 control groups (C+7 and C+14) and 2 experimental groups (E+7 and E+14). Their pregnancy was synchronized, 30g/mm force closed coil spring was given between their incisors and 1st left maxillary molar. Vitamin D (0.2mg/kg) was given every 3 days to E+7 and E+14. Maxillary bone of all groups was extracted. Angiogenesis number was examined by means of Hematoxylin Eosin staining while VEGF expression was examined with Immunohistochemistry staining. Mann-Whitney and analysis of variance with Tukey HSD post-hoc test (p 0.05). Results: The lowest angiogenesis number was found in C+7 (11.11 ±5.95) and the highest was found in E+14 (23.83 ±7.10). Significant difference was obtained between C+7 and E+14 (p =0.003, p 0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D administration did not significantly increase VEGF expression and angiogenesis number in OTM of pregnant rats.


Prolonged vase life of a cut flower sorely depends on the post-harvest treatment and handling given to it. There are many factors both biological and man-made that result in shorter vase life and reduction of quality of rose cut stems. A laboratory experiment was carried to evaluate the potential of post-harvest treatments Biox 5000 (chlorine dioxide) and HTH (calcium hypochlorite) on the quality and potential of prolonging vase life of Frisco rose cultivars. The experiment was arranged as a 3A—2 factorial laid in a completely randomised design (CRD). There were 6 treatments replicated 3 times to give 18 experimental units. The 2 factors were postharvest solution and hydration period. The postharvest solution factor had 3 levels: Biox solution, HTH solution and tap water whilst the hydration period factor had 2 levels: 2 hours and 4 hours. Numbers of fully open, half open, stems at bud stage, stems with botrytis spores and bent neck stems were recorded and evaluated. There were significant differences (P0.05) on number of half open stems and stems that remained at bud stage. It was concluded that Biox 5000 had an effect on stem straightness, disease incidence and petal openness. Recommendations of Biox 5000 at 200 ml were advised to be used as a standard post-harvest treatment to maintain quality and vase life of Frisco rose cultivar.


Reader's dilemma I work in a surgical ward where several beds are being occupied by long stay medical patients, leaving no room for our planned admissions. Since our ward manager left, a succession of different staff has been trying to rectify the situation, but no one seems sure what to do. I hate telling patients their surgery is cancelled and I believe the patients are at an increased risk of infection. I want to do something about this, but I feel afraid to make any suggestions in case I get it wrong.


Purpose. This study investigated the temperament and character pattern and implicit or explicit association for the risk internet gaming disorder in young adults.

Methods. (1) 500 male middle school students were surveyed for psychological factors and compared these in at-risk internet gaming group with low risk group. (2) Using implicit association test and internet game expectancy scale, cognitive aspect was assessed for the relationships between explicit internet game expectancy, implicit internet game expectancy, and the level of internet game addiction.

Results. At risk internet gaming group was associated with increased odds of high novelty seeking, harm avoidance, self-transcendence and low persistence factors. The explicit positive internet game expectancy and the levels of game addiction, and the implicit positive internet game expectancy and internet game behaviors had a significant positive relationship in young adults.

Conclusion. Internet gaming disorder has similar patterns of other substance user's temperament and character. The result of study for cognitive aspect suggested that low levels of the explicit negative expectancy about the outcome of internet game use or higher levels of the implicit positive expectancy tend to engage in more internet game behavior and high levels of the explicit positive internet expectancy may be more vulnerable to internet game addicts.


The Design Method,which is based on controlling settlement principle, is generally Applied to buildings less than 8 storys and piles with diameter less than 25cm. The Jiading District Post Office Building in Shanghai is a 10-storey building with pile of diameter 650mm. The authors of this paper have successfully applied reducing settlement pile foundation to this building, thus paved way for the future application of it. This paper discusses the theory of reducing settlement pile foundation and the application in foundation design. Some calculation results are also discussed and suggestions for the design of reducing pile foundation settlement are made.[


We study the detection error probability associated with balanced binary relay trees, in which sensor nodes fail with some probability. We consider N identical and independent crummy sensors, represented by leaf nodes of the tree. The root of the tree represents the fusion center, which makes the final decision between two hypotheses. Every other node is a relay node, which fuses at most two binary messages into one binary message and forwards the new message to its parent node. We derive tight upper and lower bounds for the total error probability at the fusion center as functions of N and characterize how fast the total error probability converges to 0 with respect to N. We show that the convergence of the total error probability is sub-linear, with the same decay exponent as that in a balanced binary relay tree without sensor failures. We also show that the total error probability converges to 0, even if the individual sensors have total error probabilities that converge to 1/2 and the failure probabilities that converge to 1, provided that the convergence rates are sufficiently slow.


The onset of a flow instability (OFI) determines the minimum flow rate for cooling in the flow channels of a nuclear fuel assembly. A test facility was constructed with full-scale models (length and diameter) of annular flow channels incorporating many instruments to measure heat transfer and pressure drop with downflow in the annulus. Tests were performed both with and without axial centering ribs at prototypical values of pressure, flow rate and uniform wall heat flux. The axial ribs have the effect of subdividing the annulus into quadrants, so the problem becomes one of parallel channel flow, unlike previous experiments in tubes (upflow and downflow). Other tests were performed to determine the effects if any of asymmetric and non-uniform circumferential wall heating, operating pressure level and dissolved gas concentration. Data from the tests are compared with models for channel heat transfer and pressure drop profiles in several regimes of wall heating from single-phase forced convection through partially and fully developed nucleate boiling. Minimum stable flow rates were experimentally determined as a function of wall heat flux and heat distribution and compared with the model for the transition to fully developed boiling which is a key criterion in determining the OFI conditionmore » in the channel. The heat transfer results in the channel without ribs are in excellent agreement with predictions from a computer model of the flow in the annulus and with empirical correlations developed from similar tests. The test results with centering ribs show that geometrical variations between the channels can lead to differences in subchannel behavior which can make the effect of the ribs and the geometry an important factor when assessing the power level at which the fuel assembly (and the reactor) can be operated to prevent overheating in the event of a loss-of-coolant-accident (LOCA).« less


Elementary analytical extremal statistics arguments are used to analyze the possibility of quantum Griffiths effects in nearly critical systems with overdamped dynamics, such as arise in conventional theories of metallic quantum criticality. The overdamping is found to strongly suppress quantum tunneling of rare regions, leading to superparamagnetic rather than quantum Griffiths behavior. Implications for theories of non-Fermi-liquid behavior in heavy-fermion materials are discussed.


This paper presents a mathematical model for a novel synthetic gene regulatory network. The aim of this circuit is to behave as a bistable switch for in vivo delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) which can induce RNA interference (RNAi) of a target mRNA. Through the mathematical analysis performed here, it will be shown how the circuit can be controlled to induce sustained expression of a shRNA, with a transient input of two different inducer molecules.


Abstract Background: The relationship between blood levels of nitric oxide (NO)‐related compounds in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) and degree of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not yet been described.


Complexation of fluoride ions by the addition of lime and alum to fluoridc-spiked tap water was investigated at varying pH values through the Jar-test technique. The results obtained indicate that the optimum pH for higher complexation of fluoride ions with alum-floc will range from 5.8 to 6.3 depending upon the amount of fluoride present in the solution. Hydrogen bonding on polynuclear complexes of partially hydrolyzed Al(III) as well as physical sorption of F - ions on Al (OH) 3(s) floes by Van der waal's forces are the possible mechanisms for F - ion removal from water.


There are federal and state limits on the maximum tractor-trailer- payload combination and individual axle loads permissible on US highways. These can generally be considered as two sets, i.e., legal-weight and overweight limits. The number of individual shipments required will decrease as the capacity of the spent nuclear fuel cask increases. Thus, there is an incentive for identifying readily available minimum-weight tractors and trailers capable of safely and reliably transporting as large a cask as possible without exceeding the legal gross combination weight (GCW) of 80,000 lb or selected overweight GCW limit of 110,000 lb. This study identifies options for commercially available heavy-duty on-highway tractors and trailers for transporting proposed future loaded spent nuclear fuel casks. Loaded cask weights of 56,000 and 80,000 lb were selected as reference design points for the legal-weight and overweight transporters, respectively. The technical data on tractor and trailer characteristics obtained indicate that it is possible to develop a tractor-trailer combination, tailored for spent nuclear fuel transportation service, utilizing existing technology and commercially available components, capable of safely and reliably transporting 56,000 and 80,000-lb spent nuclear fuel casks without exceeding GCWs of 80,000 and 10,000 lb, respectively. 4 figs., 14 tabs.


Background: Saudi Health Information Survey reported that diabetes affects 13.2% of the population while 16.3% are borderline, also obesity affects 28.7% of the population. Diabetes has a major impact on health and quality of life. whereas, early control of type 2 diabetes also reduces the risk of mortality. Aim: we aimed to explore the prevalence and the most important determinants of diabetes among a sample of Saudi obese adults and discover the reliability and validity of the CANRISK scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 390 obese, adult Saudis attending the 9th Olive Festival in Al-Jouf region, KSA using CANRISK questionnaire and blood sugar testing was carried out. Results: There was statistically significant association between diabetes and participants' age (p 0.05). The risk of having diabetes was increased 3.7 times for the older age group (64-74 years) in comparison to the younger group with a steady risk increase with advanced age (AOR=3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.4). The risk of having pre-diabetes or diabetes was high in 72%, moderate in 22.5% and low in only 5.5% of the studied sample. Conclusion: Prevention strategies need to address the differential risks for diabetes among the expected high-risk groups and consider them as targets for clinical and public health action.


The Biological and Molecular Analysis of a Tick-Encoded Serine Protease Inhibitor (S6) and its Role in the Feeding Cycle of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (L) (Acari: Ixodidae.) (August 2010) Katelyn Cox Chalaire, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Albert Mulenga Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a large superfamily of proteins that regulate critical proteolytic pathways by inhibiting serine proteases. Tick-encoded serpins are thought to play a vital role in the feeding process. To determine the relationship of Amblyomma americanum serpin 6 (S6) to tick feeding regulation, this study attempted to define the biological significance of this molecule through transcription and protein expression profiles, biochemical characterization of recombinant s6 (rS6), and the effects of in vivo post-transcriptional gene silencing on blood meal acquisition and fecundity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that S6 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in unfed and partially fed ticks through the initial 5 days of the feeding period. S6 mRNA abundance in dissected tick organs showed a 3.7, 3.4, and 1.7fold upregulation from 24 h to 96 h in the salivary gland (SG), midgut (MG) and the carcass (CA) remnant after removal of SG, MG respectively before downregulating at 120 h. Native S6 protein is downregulated in response to tick feeding, with correlation between transcription and protein expression profiles only consistent from the unfed to 48 h. Similarly, S6 protein


Aromatic 13C chemical shifts are reported for a number of ortho‐substituted anisoles. Quantitative determination of the substituent chemical shift (SCS) effects of the methoxy group with a fixed coplanar conformation on aryl carbon nuclei was achieved using experimental and theoretical methods. The experimental values were compared with those calculated through the use of the additivity, and a systematic departure from additivity was found for carbon nuclei in ortho positions. Ortho‐SCSs were found to be non‐equivalent, and the ortho effect on the carbon cis to the fixed methoxy moiety was more shielding than in anisole. The IGLO (Individual Gauge for Localized Orbitals) method was used to calculate the SCSs. Experimental and theoretical trends obtained for the influence of the side‐chain conformations on chemical shifts are in very good agreement with each other, and with recent results obtained by solid‐state NMR.


The colloid-SEM method, a modified Bitter method using SEM, has been applied to observations on perpendicular magnetic recordings. The recording media were vacuum-evaporated Co-24.0 wt%Cr films of about 2000 A in thickness with recording densities of 150 to 300 kBPI. It is found that in order to obtain clear recorded patterns a magnetic field less than 500 Oe must be applied perpendicularly to the film plane during the deposition of a magnetite colloidal solution. Recorded patterns obtained by this method are shown and conditions for better patterns by the colloid-SEN method are suggested.


T he financial costs incurred by families of children with cancer have been widely studied, as summarized and further studied by Limburg et al. [1] in this issue of Pediatric Blood and Cancer. Even the most elusive component, out-of-pocket expenses, has been investigated, with estimates ranging from one quarter to one half [2] of the total costs. The approximation depends in large part on estimates of loss of income during and after the cancer experience, which obviously are difficult to measure and quantify with respect to the duration of lost income and yet are critical to determine utility scores that can be used as weights on survival data to compute quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) [3]. Limburg et al. study the latter aspect and have as their main positive finding that ''although many parents temporarily leave their jobs after their child's diagnosis, the large majority (80%) were able to return to work when they choose to.'' The former observation (returning to work) was consistent with prior reports. Among full or part-time employed parents, 64% of mothers and 16% of fathers that answered their questionnaire left their job after their child's diagnosis. The latter observation (going back to work when they wanted to), however, may be an over extrapolation of the data in that the study did not assess how difficult it was to return to work. Returning to work after an extended absence may not be as easy as implied, in that 3–5 years elapsed between diagnosis and the time of survey in 74% of the parents and 6–9 years in 16% of the parents. How soon the parents were able to return to work and the obstacles encountered were not evaluated. Their study is reassuring in that the proportion of parents who were eventually able to manage on salary alone after their child's diagnosis and treatment actually increased from, 55–75%, after their child's cancer therapy. Several limitations of the study were not discussed by the authors:


In the field of tuberculin therapy for children, there were periods of enthusiasm and disappointment, and so far not a single method has been developed, nor the form of its use, nor dosage. Tuberculin therapy by rubbing in equal parts of tuberculin and lanolin (Petrushka, Medovikov, Kressling) has not given us tangible results.


The aim of this chapter is to develop Associative Neural network based Quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model for estimation and prediction of surface tension of organic compounds using molecular descriptors derived from molecular structures. A set of 116 organic compounds which includes 48 alkanes, 31 alcohols, 20 amines, 14 alkenes and 3 aldehydes as data series are selected for the present study. Unsupervised forward selection (UFS) strategy is used for descriptor selection from the large set of descriptors using E-DRAGON software and six descriptors are selected. The selected descriptors are used as input data for training and testing the Associative neural network. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental surface tension of organic compounds. The results are cross-validated by Leave-one-out (LOO) procedure.


Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) are measured for the (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution with x = 0.22 to study its luminescence properties. PL result shows that the material exhibits visible luminescence at around 1.87 eV (663 nm) with a broad emission band even at room temperature. The origin of luminescence mechanism can be attributed to the radiative recombination of the electrons bound to donors and the holes bound to acceptors. The investigation from the integrated PL intensity and TRPL as a function of temperature indicates that the activation energy for thermalizing the electrons bound to a donor dominates the luminescence behavior in the (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution.


We consider alternating-offers bargaining between a buyer and a seller in a dynamic matching model where the appearance of a third party triggers a Bertrand -type competition between the identical agents. In the continuous-time limit, Nash' axiomatic bargaining solution holds only if buyers' and sellers' matching rates are equal. Otherwise the equilibrium sharing rule assigns a greater fraction of the surplus to the party facing less immediate threat of competition. This suggests that not only the reservation values but also the partition rule according to which the surplus is divided should be treated as endogenous in bilateral matching models. JEL Classification: D40, D43, D83.


Development policy is analyzed by liberal models in terms of bargaining transactions between interest-maximizing actors and by the dependency perspective in terms of the internalized requirements of worldwide capital accumulation. Both approaches assume the working of capitalist rationality in dependent nations. In contrast, a focus on productive relations, class alliances, and political coalitions reveals the constraints on developmental policies in nations built around the partial development of capitalist productive forces and occupying a subordinate role in the international division of labor. Analysis of the Venezuelan auto policy during the Pérez administration (1974–79) shows the relations constituting socially defined actors and the structures underlying the policy bargaining process. It posits that in Venezuela there is a growing disjuncture between the internationally conditioned requirements of capital accumulation and the locally based demands of social reproduction; that the common interest of state and bourgeoisie in maintaining the rentier basis of the economy shapes the direction and extent of industrial development; and that circulation of petrodollars has absorbed production as a phase of circulation. The struggle between state and transnational corporations over local engine manufacture, and the tension between import substitution and export promotion, concealed an underlying conflict between rent appropriation and capital accumulation.


In the present paper, we study a three-step iterative scheme to approximate the fixed points of Hardy and Rogers generalized non-expansive mappings. Some weak and strong convergence results are proved for such mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Further, it is showed numerically that the considered iterative scheme has a better speed of convergence than some known and leading schemes for generalized nonexpansive mappings. The results of this paper are the refinement and generalization of several relevant results in the literature.


Simple Summary Our goal was to analyze the financial needs of patients with urological cancer on the basis of online crowdfunding campaigns. In our report, we included 2126 individual campaigns fundraising for prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer. We specified the detailed financial needs of uro-oncologic patients, campaigns' characteristics and the factors associated with campaigns' success and high fundraising. Our work showed that, with the constantly increasing costs of medical care, patients are looking for funding from online communities including seeking funds for alternative therapies. Overall, these data point to a wide spectrum of patient needs for urologic cancer care as well as identifiable factors influencing campaign success. Abstract Background: we aimed to characterize the financial needs expressed through online crowdfunding for urologic cancers. Methods: the data used in this study came from the online crowdfunding platform GoFundMe.com. Using an automated software method, we extracted data for campaigns related to urologic cancers. Subsequently, four independent investigators reviewed all extracted data on prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer. We analyzed campaigns' basic characteristics, goals, fundraising, type of treatment and factors associated with successful campaigns. Results: in total, we identified 2126 individual campaigns, which were related to direct treatment costs (34%), living expenses (17%) or both (48%). Median fundraising amounts were greatest for testicular cancer. Campaigns for both complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (median $11,000) or CAM alone (median $8527) achieved higher fundraising totals compared with those for conventional treatments alone (median $5362) (p < 0.01). The number of social media shares was independently associated with campaign success and highest quartile of fundraising. Conclusions: using an automated web-based approach, we identified and characterized online crowdfunding for urologic cancer care. These findings indicated a diverse range of patient needs related to urologic care and factors related to campaigns' success.


A cocoon is dried under low temperature (60˚C or lower) conditions, rather than the conditions where the temperature is higher than 100˚C which has been employed conventionally for the production of a raw silk from a cocoon.  Further, the boiling of a cocoon is carried out by employing a vacuum infiltration treatment at a low temperature (a subatmospheric pressure treatment), rather than a high-temperature treatment at 100˚C or higher or a treatment with hot water having a temperature around the boiling point which has been employed conventionally.  As an alternate cocoon boiling method, a combination of the swelling of sericin with an alkali and the penetration of hot water into a cocoon layer by using a surfactant, an enzyme or the like is carried out.  The silk reeling is carried out at a lower temperature than that has been employed conventionally. As a result, it is found that a raw silk can be produced from a cocoon of a silkworm that expresses a foreign gene without deteriorating the properties of a foreign protein contained in the cocoon of the silkworm.


The earth-rock cofferdam on deep overburden is the main study object. The cofferdam filling and dam excavation process were numerical simulated using FEM code ANSYS .Main research focused on stress and deformation characteristic of cofferdam and concrete cutoff wall during completion and excavation process.Analysis showed that displacements of cofferdam and cutoff wall distribute well in x, y, z directions with acceptable magnitude, stress characteristic values are less than design standard. The results indicate that cofferdam and cutoff wall are safe and stable both in construction and operation.


Summary

Psychoanalysis is approached from the perspective of linguistics. It is argued .hat analysis is concerned with a type of communication different in nature and logic from that of the natural sciences. The characteristics of analytic language are illustrated by comparing poetry and psychoanalysis. Transference is discussed as a special type of metaphor; ambiguity is seen as an intrinsic aspect of aesthetic language; wholeness is held to be a goal of both therapy and the arts. The relevance of this view to recent findings in neurophysiology and ethology is discussed.


Indanone dibenzo-24-crown-8 has been synthesized in the condition of polyphosphoric acid(PPA) catalyst and solvent and cinnamic acid as acylating agent and dibenzo-24-crown-8 being acylated.The products are characterized by IR,MS and elements analysis.


In a 12 week experiment the effect of graded levels of soaked sesame seed meal (SSM) as a source of methionine on the performance of laying hens was investigated. In a completely randomized design, 200 black Australorp pullets aged 20 weeks were allotted to 5 isonitrogenous diets with 4 replicates of 10 birds per diet. Sesame seed meal (SSM) replaced soyabean meal (SBM) weight for weight at 0.00, 12.50, 37.50 and 50.00% in diet 1 (control), 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The control diet contained synthetic methionine which was removed with the introduction of SSM in the other diets. The results showed a significant (P 0.05) on the while blood cell count, but packed cell volume was significantly (P<0.05) lowered on the 50.00% and haemoglobin concentration, serum protein, albumin and globulin above 12.50% levels of replacement. These results suggest that replacing SBM with SSM at 12.50% in the diet of laying hens will meet their methionine requirement without adverse effects on performance and health status.


Human abnormal action is an active issue in the computer vision domain. Most of the current approaches rely on spatio-temporal feature. A great deal of work has been done to show the feature with good performance, but expensive computation. There are some applications with low requirements for human abnormal action detection. We propose a new simple but low computational human abnormal action detection method for that applications. First, static images are extracted with equal interval along time. Then, images are divided into patches and use distance transformation to get feature vectors. Normal action patches are classed and represented by cluster centers. Experiments are conducted on the well known KTH dataset and a video dataset we recorded to show the efficacy of the proposed method.


ABSTRACT The concept of the personalization of politics has become increasingly popular when studying current political systems. Despite the growing scholarly interest in the personalization of politics in the European Union, the institutional sphere of politics has remained rather neglected. The aim of this article is to evaluate whether there is a personalization of politics at the institutional level of the European Commission (EC). Based on quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the documents that govern the functioning of the EC (since the early 1990s), this article finds that in general, it is possible to observe a tendency towards adopting more personalized reforms in the EC. Moreover, personalized reforms clearly led to enhancing the role of the EC President. This article supplements previous findings by concluding that in many cases, the enhancement of the President's position has taken place at the expense of the College as a whole.


The food of half of the world's population, about 3.7 billion people, depends directly on the production of synthetic fertilizers. These chemicals provide the soil with the amount of nitrogen needed for crops to reach the levels of production required to feed the world. We have reached a degree of dependence that, without fertilizers, half the planet would not have to eat. The consumption of these compounds already exceeds 100 million tons per year and the consequences of this excess are generating diverse and serious environmental problems, making of modern agriculture an unsustainable practice. In this context, leguminous plants (peanut, peanuts, peas, soybeans, alfalfa, etc.) take a leading role in agriculture, as they are able to obtain nitrogen through an elegant biological mechanism known as nitrogen fixing symbiosis, making unnecessary the use of fertilizers for their growth. For this reason, the United Nations has proclaimed 2016 as the International Year of Legumes (http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/en/). The present article aims to publicize the importance of this initiative through a historical view of the nitrogen problem in agriculture, taking as a central axis the biological nitrogen fixation.


We are presenting a comparative study regarding the improvement of the correct classification rate of an artificial intelligence application designed to recognize the class identity of psychedelic amphetamines based on the similarity of their ATR-FTIR spectra. For this purpose, the most relevant absorptions were first selected by using a metaheuristic, i.e. a genetic algorithm (GA). The latter is a type of evolutionary algorithm (EA) that mimics the natural selection process and which is recommended especially for improving classification models and optimizing searching procedures. Regression models were built with the original spectral dataset, representing the absorptions measured at 1869 wavenumbers, and with the dataset formed by the absorptions measured at the 187 wavenumbers selected as being the most significant by the genetic algorithm. Both models were tested by using the K-Nearest Neighbors and the Random Forest procedures. Several classification figures of merit were determined and compared for these two cases. The results indicate that the GA wavenumber selection leads to a significant improvement of the classification accuracy.


Measurements of oxygen consumption and heart rate showed that the range of variation in metabolic rate for any given heart rate in fish is too wide for any significant correlation to be used as a measure of metabolism as in some other vertebrates. By defining the maximum oxygen pulse a precise relationship can be established between maximum metabolic rate and heart rate. From field measurements of heart rate by telemetry useful information can be gained on metabolic rates.


In this issue, Neale et al. (1) present a calculation of the free energy to bind an antimicrobial peptide to a lipid bilayer using molecular dynamics simulations. This in itself is not unusual: many groups have used simulations to explore similar systems, and several have attempted to derive the binding thermodynamics. What is exceptional (and disturbing) about this article is the sheer computational effort required to get a good answer. Although Neale et al. (2) use a state-of-the-art Hamiltonian replica exchange technique, their results show that equilibration requires an astonishing 4 ms per simulation window. Worse yet, the results show that the error is not randomly distributed. Rather, the estimated free energy of binding becomes systematically more favorable as the runs are extended, suggesting that what we are seeing is an elongated relaxation process as opposed to simple improvements in statistical accuracy. These last two concepts are often conflated, but long relaxation times can cause quite different symptoms in a simulation from simple statistical error. This is best understood by considering the expected value of some property Ahyi computed from the simulation. If the main concern is simple statistical uncertainty, then we know two things:


Objective:To observe the effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia on establishing venous access.Methods:Selected 50 ASA cases at stage Ⅰor Ⅱwith age 3~10 years old.Established venous access after sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia,and observed the disappearing time of eyelash reflex and pain reflex,time for venous access establishing,success rate of one puncture,hemodynamic change,and adverse reaction etc.Results:The disappearing time for eyelash reflex was(44.1±4.7)s,the disappearing time for pain reflex was(68.5±3.8)s,time for venous access establishing was(24.4±2.1)s,and success rate of one puncture was 100%.After sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia,mean arterial pressure and heart rate were lower than the basic value before anesthesia(P0.05).Blood oxygen saturation was 100%,and no obvious adverse reaction occurred.Conclusion:Venous access can be established successfully under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia before pediatric operation.It is effective anesthesia with high success rate of one puncture,stable hemodynamics and little adverse reaction.


Guangdong's industrialization has greatly fostered its economic development,and has brought forth rural urbanization as well.And then the contradiction of the interest rights of Waijia'nv(females who gets married in out of their hometown),which has become an important factor of the instability of urbanized countries in Guangdong,has come into being.This paper first lists phenomena of this contradiction,then analyses the causes of it,and puts forward that the solution to this contradiction needs various countermeasures.


This volume offers the perspectives of such thinkers as Richard M.Merelman, Judith Torney-Purta, Henry M.Levin, Richard G.Niemi, Roberta S.Sigel, and Stanley A.Renshon. The book is divided into five sections. Part 1 relates political socialization to the functioning of democracy. Part 2 presents three different models for the acquisition of political attitudes and behaviours. In Part 3, the institutional context of political socialization is discussed. The role new movements play as socializers forms the focus of Part 4. And two concluding chapters in Part 5 extend the concerns of this book beyond childhood into responsible adult citizenship. "Political Socialization, Citizenship Education, and Democracy" can be used as a supplemental text in courses on foundations of education, educational psychology, sociology of education, as well as political science. It should be of interest to researchers in those areas, and social scientists in general.


A series of tests was conducted to measure the failure strengths of notched polymethylmethacrylate tensile specimens in air and n-propanol. Tests were conducted on specimens which had been subjected to creep stresses of various magnitudes and for different times. The resulting data indicate that two opposing factors contribute to the fracture strength in n-propanol. The presence of fluid during crack propagation increases the nominal fracture failure stress. Diffusion of the fluid into the polymer produces crazing resulting in the provision of a preferential crack path and consequent lowering of the fracture strength. The former mechanism dominates at small pre-stresses or at short creep times, resulting in an increase in strength in n-propanol over that in air. However, the latter mechanism is dominant at higher creep stresses and longer creep times with a resulting decrease in strength in n-propanol compared to that in air.


under the new economy,innovation has become the new trend of the development of industry in twenty-first Century. Build a regional economic growth depend only on the various elements of innovation is not enough,the key is to form an innovation network system,the various elements of innovation in network organic cooperation,coordinated development. Knowledge network university,research institutions,enterprises can not only help get new knowledge transfer knowledge,but also between interactive University,research institutions and enterprises two knowledge subsystem synergy innovation effect. This paper mainly discusses the national innovation system of Industry-Academy-Research cooperation mechanism and support strategy.


We introduce the concepts of cohering and de-cohering power of quantum channels. Using the axiomatic definition of coherence measure, we show that the optimizations required for calculations of these measures can be restricted to pure input states and hence greatly simplified. We then use two examples of this measure, one based on the skew information and the other based on $l-1$ norm, we find the cohering and de-cohering measures of a number of one, two and n-qubit channels. Contrary to a view at first sight, it is seen that quantum channels can have cohering power. It is also shown that a specific property of a qubit unitary map, is that it has equal cohering and de-cohering power in any basis. Finally we derive simple relations between cohering and de-cohering powers of unitary qubit gates and their tensor products, results which have physically interesting implications.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of decision rule, minority discrepancy from the majority, minority sex, and groupmember sex on the minority's ability to influence group members in a mock-jury deliberation of a monetary award in a civil negligence case. The mixed-sex groups deliberated under either a unanimous or majority decision rule, and were composed of 4 or 5 naive group members and a confederate (either male or female), who expressed a minority opinion that was either high or low in discrepancy from other group members. The results showed that a minority's influence is related to the interactive effects of decision rule and minority's discrepancy from the majority, such that minority influence was greatest under the combined conditions of a unanimous decision rule and low minoritymajority discrepancy, and least under a non-unanimous decision rule and low discrepancy. High discrepancy, regardless of decision rule, was associated with intermediate levels of minority influence. Although group members were influenced equally by male and female minorities, group members of both sexes perceived the female minority as less influential than the male minority. Implications for the legal and social influence literatures are discussed. ACTIVE MINORITIES AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE CHAPTER


In order to better understand the mechanisms that lead to resiliency in natural systems, to support decisions that lead to greater resiliency in systems we effect, and to create models that will utilized in highly resilient systems, methods for resiliency analysis will be required. Existing methods and technology for robustness analysis provide a foundation for a rigorous approach to resiliency analysis, but extensions are necessary to address the multiple time scales that must be modeled to understand highly adaptive systems. Further, if resiliency modeling is to be effective, it must be contextualized, requiring that the supporting software will need to mirror the systems being modeling by being pace layered and adaptive.


Transmission of secure data through the communication spectrum is major issue in current scenario. To ensure the security of the data, many techniques and algorithms were evolved in which the cryptographic techniques are most powerful. Through cryptographic algorithms, the conversion of plain text into unintelligible form made it more secure and protect data from unauthorized users. The proposed scheme focus on the block cipher substitution method that encrypts the given text into blocks. In this paper, our proposed method extends such that, the user given plain text is divided into blocks that are fed to the AES Rijndael encryption process, converted to unreadable format. Each character of the block is then shifted into ASCII value which is, in turn formulated into equivalent color code. Thus, the final encrypted text is in image format which make available for more enrichment to the data. The AES algorithm is chosen for its quick and legible conversion of data. Our proposed method is very flexible technology for 256 ASCII values that is converted into 256 color code. KeywordsBlock cipher, Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Color Substitution, AES Rijndael Algorithm.


We introduce semantic-enabled clone detection, as an approach that emphasizes on importance of the token semantics during the pattern matching for clone detection. This approach can be realized using Semantic Web and its support for knowledge modeling. While the Semantic Web has found wide acceptance in various application and research domains, it still lacks the same acceptance in the source code analysis domain. In this paper we focus on how the Semantic Web and its support for semantic modeling and knowledge retrieval can be applied towards source code clone detection and search. We discuss both, open challenges in the source code clone detection domain, as well as both theoretical and practical aspects on how the Semantic Web can address some of these challenges.


Summary 1. The results of mouse serum level studies are presented in terms of total and unbound antibiotic concentrations. DOOTC administered at one-half the oral dosage of MOTC, TC, and DMCT produced higher and longer lasting total and unbound drug concentrations than the latter antibiotics. 2. It is suggested that the previously reported chemotherapeutic superiority of DOOTC over these drugs results from the achievement and maintenance of superior unbound drug levels. 3. The more efficient oral absorption of DOOTC over the other tetracyclines (3.5-4.5 times) in the mouse was demonstrated by comparing cummulative urinary excretion ratios obtained after oral and intravenous drug administration.


A Quality Control (QC) test suitable for routine daily use has been developed for video based on-line portal imaging systems. It is designed to test for acceptable performance in high contrast spatial resolution. A phantom consisting of five sets of high-contrast rectangular bars with spatial frequencies of 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.75 lp/mm is used for the test. A critical frequency fc for which the square wave MTF is 50% is used as a 'go/no go' decision level for passing the test. Data obtained during a one month period were used to determine fc. The test is shown to provide an automatic and objective measure of the system's imaging performance and is a useful QC tool for routine clinical work.


The invention discloses a detection method for the acid resistance of a paint. The detection method comprises the following steps: pretreating a test plate with a coated paint film; coating the bottom edge of a hollow circular pipe with a lubricant; putting the surface, coated with the lubricant, of the hollow circular pipe on the center of the test plate on which a rubber ring is laid; sucking a prepared sulfuric acid solution into the hollow circular pipe; fixing the hollow circular pipe on the test plate and sealing the upper part of the hollow circular pipe; then maintaining the hollow circular pipe at a certain temperature and then carrying out standing at room temperature; removing the hollow circular pipe and the rubber ring; cleaning the test plate through flushing and drying water spot in a soaking manner; and observing the surface of the paint film to determine the acid resistance of the paint. The method can accurately test acid corrosion resistance of the paint film, precisely simulate the practical usage environment of the paint, and predicate potential risks; and the method is applicable to detection and evaluation of the acid resistance of automotive coatings and the acid resistance of paint films on coiled materials, buildings, bridge constructions and like exposed to the outside for a long time.


This essay compares and contrasts the legacies of two prominent politicians who are important figures in the history of democratization in their respective countries, in order to explore the link between political culture and democratization. These are the seventh American president, Andrew Jackson (in office 1829-1837), and the current Turkish prime minister, Tayyip Erdogan (2003-present). Both Jackson and Erdogan emerged from humble backgrounds, claimed to represent the people and their interests against the established elite, and faced systemic obstacles on their way to political power. Jackson's innovative contributions to modern democracy were the creation of a party press and the spoils system in public appointments. These served his ultimate political purpose, which was to create equal economic opportunities for the American people. In contrast, Erdogan has rooted out almost every vestige of opposition in the mass media and is using the spoils system in the service of his ultimate political purpose, which is to re-Islamize Turkey. Arguably, these differences reflect the cultural obstacles to the formation of liberal democracy in contemporary Islamic societies.


A technique has been developed for Japanese speech synthesis‐by‐rule to control the rhythm of synthetic speech sounds to which little attention has been given so far. In Japanese speech sounds, syllables are generally believed to be the basic elements of the rhythm, with each syllable sound pronounced almost isochronously. It was found through listening tests that there is an important portion in a syllable for recognizing the syllable and the positioning of that portion determines the rhythm. The portion was termed auditory perceptual timing point (APTP) and was determined for each syllable in listening tests. Most APTPs were found near the voice onset, which closely agreed with the result obtained by Sato [H. Sato, Trans. Comm. Speech Res., ASJ, S77‐31, 1–8 (1977)]. The rhythm pattern was, in principle, determined by the number of morae in individual words and the syntactic structure of an input text, though further investigation is necessary to construct detailed rules. It has been confirmed that the q...


Dissolved in disinfecting solution and water dry powder compositions that can provide a solution. The solution has a pH of from 0.6 to 7, (a) 0.01 to 6 mass% of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, (b) of 0.01 to 4% by weight total weight basis of the concentration of the solution comprising at least one component selected from cyclic carboxylic acids and aromatic alcohols. Cyclic carboxylic acid is preferably 2-furan carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. Furthermore, the solution preferably contains at least one C6~C12 alkyl diphenyl sulfonate surfactant and nonionic surfactant. Further components optionally include anionic surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, a cationic sequestering and buffering agents.


Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery is a rare condition. In the Indian literature, the case reported by Rogers (1908) of a dilatation of the artery with atheroma seems to he the only case. Scott (1934) was able to collect 89 cases from literature between the periods of 1836 and 1934. Wahl and Gard (1931) reported a case of aneurysm of the pulmonary artery in a girl aged 19. In this case symptoms dated from birth. Pre-operative diagnosis was mitral stenosis and mediastinal tumour, no pulsation on screen. Hsemoptysis was present, blood Wassermann was negative. E.C.G. showed right side preponderance. X-ray therapy had no effect on tumour masses. The case was observed for 27 months. Definite signs of heart failure at rest developed with clubbing of the fingers. Bulging of the manubrial area increased and the patient complained of a dull pain in the same area and hsemoptysis with constant cough. The case was operated upon, and the tumour exposed and incised. Blood gushed out and the patient died. Autopsy showed wide


Relativisitic electron precipitation (REP) events occur when beams or bunches of relativistic electrons of magnetospheric origin enter the Earth's atmosphere, typically at auroral latitudes. REP events are associated with a variety of space weather effects, including production of transitional and bremsstrahlung radiation, catalytic depletion of stratospheric ozone, and scintillation of transionospheric radio waves. This study examines the intensities of xrays produced at airliner, manned balloon, and space reuseable launch vehicles (sRLVs). The monoenergetic beam is modeled in cylindrical symetry using the paraxial ray equation. Bremsstrahlung photon production is calculated using the traditional SauterElwert crosssection, providing xray emission spectra differential in energy and angle. Attenuation is computed for a planestratified standard atmosphere, and the loss processes include photoionization, Rayleigh and Compton scattering, electronpositron pair production, and photonuclear interaction. Peak altitudes of electron energy deposition and bremsstrahlung xray production were calculated for beams of energies from 1 MeV through 100 MeV. The altitude peak of bremsstrahlung deposition was consistently and significantly lower that that of the electron deposition due to the longer mean free paths of xrays compared to electrons within the atmosphere. For example, for a nadirdirected monoenergetic 5 MeV beam, the peak deposition altitude was calculated to be 42 km, but the resulting bremsstrahlung deposition peaked at 25 km. This has implications for crew and passenger safety, especially with the growth of the space tourism industry. A survey of results covering the 1100 MeV spectrum for the three altitude ranges of interest will be presented.


The house of the SEVEN gables is a metaphor become a novel. Using Max Black's terms, the frame of this metaphor is the house; the focus is, primarily, the human body: "The aspect of the venerable mansion has always affected me like a human countenance, bearing the traces not merely of outward storm and sunshine, but expressive also of the long lapse of mortal life . . . that [has] passed within" (5). Its "timbers were oozy, as with the moisture of a human heart" (27); it has an "impending brow" (28), a "skeleton-frame" (136), a "throat" (224), a "battered visage" (81), and "an inner heart" (294). "This heavy-hearted old mansion" (219) is capable of sighing (15) and shivering (224), suffers "the rustiness and infirmity of age" (20), and has a memory "full of rich and somber reminiscences" (27). However, as the traces on its "exterior face" (294) indicate, the house is the body as text: its traces could "form a narrative" (5), fill a . . . folio volume" (6). Inside, "the old structure of our story" (27), "the old house of our narrative" (144) has "walls . . . lugubriously frescoed" with "traditions" (83); walking its "foot-worn passages" recalls "stories, . . . passages of family history" (240). Moreover, the human body may be seen as a text in the same terms, as is the case with Clifford's "furrows—with their record of infinite sorrow, so deeply written across his brow, and so compressed, as with a futile effort to crowd in all the tale" (138). In its complexity, the metaphor of house/body/text becomes a symbol, a symbol of narrative representation—a symbol aware of its "criti-


One mission of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is to affect pollution prevention and waste minimization surrounding operations at their Plutonium Facility. Efforts are underway and technologies are being deployed to capture the actinide at the source thereby reducing the amount of nuclear material leaving the facility as transuranic waste. Traditional processing alternatives for decontamination, such as strong acid leaching and surface brushing have not achieved the desired recovery efficiencies for plastic or non-actinide metal matrices. Much of the nuclear material present is fixed in the matrix, and is not susceptible to recovery with surface cleaning techniques. In addition, the relatively large secondary waste volumes associated with the acid leaching have persuaded LANL to evaluate alternative recovery methods. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and testing of a prototype chemical decontamination and co-precipitation process installed at the Los Al amos Plutonium Facility that is based on the patented TechXtract{reg_sign} system developed by Active Environmental Technologies Inc. (AET). The technology was enhanced under a PRDA contract awarded by DOE in 1997.


Passive immunotherapy has become a prominent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many different neurological disorders. Antibodies can be targeted to the pathogenic proteins of diseases such as Alzheimer's (e.g., beta‐amyloid and phosphorylated tau), Parkinson's (e.g., alpha‐synuclein), and multiple sclerosis (e.g., CD20 marker on B cells). However, delivery of antibodies to the central nervous system (CNS) following systemic administration is significantly impeded as a result of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and blood‐cerebrospinal‐fluid barriers (BCSFBs). The intranasal route has been hypothesized to circumvent the BBB and BCSFBs and allow entry into the brain via extracellular pathways along cranial nerves and the perivascular spaces (PVS) of cerebral blood vessels (Thorne et al. Neuroscience 2004 & 2008; Lochhead et al. J. Cereb. Blood Flow & Metab. 2015). Here, we demonstrate the potential of intranasal delivery as a non‐invasive strategy to bypass the BBB and BCSFBs to rapidly target full length immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the CNS. Quantitative distribution studies of radiolabeled IgG in the CNS of anesthetized rats revealed that intranasal delivery achieved significantly higher antibody levels in both the CNS and CSF compared to systemic delivery at doses resulting in matched blood exposure via either route. Additional experiments exploring the intactness of radiolabeled IgG in the brain following intranasal delivery were conducted to identify the biochemical conditions necessary for IgG intactness in vivo. Finally, by utilizing fluorophore‐labeled IgG, we provide direct evidence of intranasal IgG transport along perineural and perivascular pathways that directly connect the nasal mucosa to CNS target sites. Our results suggest olfactory and trigeminal nerve‐associated perineural channels provide direct pathways to the olfactory bulbs and brainstem, respectively. Once within the brain, further distribution along perivascular spaces of cerebral blood vessels is capable of transporting IgG to widespread regions of the brain. Our findings highlight that the intranasal route can provide a non‐invasive, direct, and rapid method for targeting antibodies to the CNS, bypassing the BBB and BCSFBs in a way that merits further consideration for the treatment of neurological diseases.


We present a method that enhances the rendering speed of z-buffer algorithm using temporal coherence between two contiguous frames on fixed viewing conditions. Conventional z-buffer algorithm stores depth value for each pixel on a view plane while rendering some polygons, then it determines the visibility of the remaining polygons based on the stored depth values. If we can get color and depth information for some polygons without rendering, it is possible to generate an image by rendering only the remaining ones. In case of high frame rate, we can find the fact that sets of static polygons of the two contiguous frames are almost the same. This temporal coherence enables us to get the color and depth information of static polygons efficiently. Our algorithm stores color and depth information of static polygons and reuses it for generating the next frame. This method can be easily implemented since it does not require complex data structure and modification for conventional z-buffer algorithm. Also it is adequate for hardware implementation.


This paper considers causal discovery between discrete and continuous variables based on additive noise model. In many database, some fields are discrete while others continuous. However, the previous notion assumes that all the variables are either discrete or continuous. In this paper, we prove that for discrete (m values) and continuous variables X,Y , causality X → Y cannot be identified for m = 2 under regular conditions, and conjecture that X → Y can be identified for m ≥ 3, and that Y → X can be identified for any m. Several experiments support those properties successfully. Furthermore, using R, the program language, we implemented causal discovery between X ="month" and Y ="average temperature" in the data provided by the US National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office.


Accurate modeling of the effects of nutrient and activity variables on blood glucose can make a major impact in reducing the complications of diabetes for insulin dependent type 1 and 2 diabetics. These models can be used to design feedforward controllers that can revolutionize blood glucose control. However, to achieve this objective, there are several critical issues in measurement, data collection, and modeling that need to be resolved. This work discusses and presents solutions to resolving these issues.


In the current highly uncertain environment where the traditional macro-policy mix is considered less effective in supporting aggregate demand, two features of the systemic crisis are critically relevant in defining the composition of an appropriate fiscal stimulus. One such is pertinent to the successful resolution of the financial crisis as a precondition for achieving sustained growth, in the sense that the solution to the problems of the financial system should always precede the solution to the macroeconomic imbalances. Another such is pertinent to the issue of policy diversification as a means to boost demand, in the sense that fiscal tools should work in conjunction with monetary instruments in a policy accommodation scheme. With respect to the necessities underpinning governments with less troubled economies and no budgetary rules, optimal or generalised fiscal packages might be effective. With regards to the depressive characteristics of the Greek economy in which the root of the problem is structural in nature and to a lesser extent a bubble symptom, fiscal policy can serve as a bridge and drive the economy towards a higher equilibrium path with more employment. In this direction, adopting a rather moderate fiscal stimulus, including productive spending and well targeted measures, might be economically efficient and politically feasible since both economic targets can be accomplished so that short-term recovery can save the economy from its deadly recession while preserving the medium-term sustainability of public finances.


lcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a Aclinical syndrome that was classically characterized by increasing jaundice, hepatomegaly, fever, neutrophilia, and an aspartate aminotransferase (AST):alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio of >2. It is a major cause of liver-related hospitalizations in those with a history of heavy alcohol consumption and is also a leading etiology associated with recurrent hospitalizations. Unfortunately, despite its clinical relevance, there are many gaps in knowledge related to this syndrome that represent barriers to the development of effective preventive surveillance, early detection, and therapeutic strategies. This article summarizes the gaps in knowledge and identifies research priorities to fill these gaps (Table 1).


Japan has kept on learning foreign cultures for thousands of years without interruption.However,foreign cultures and culture carriers which had played great impact on Japan's history,became the objects of challenge or attack for Japan one after another.Japan's foreign cognition implicated a logic from "attacking barbarians","learning from barbarians" to "overtaking barbarians".In the process of confronting with foreign cultures,Japan competed with them,learned from them and stried to surpass them.Japanese,a nation good at learning foreign cultures,is not law-abiding and god-fearing.The power complex is the inner drive-force for Japan's foreign cognition and action.Driven by the power complex,Japan expanded overseas in history.


The analysis and determination of centralization ty pes in the organizational decision-making processes is the main theme of this article. In this sense, an emerging proposition was obtained from literature r eview: there are two kinds of centralization (strategic and operative). It was co ntrasted and confirmed through an empirical study with a sample of large Spanish f irms. Cronbach' s alpha test and a t-test were applied in order to guarantee rel iability and validity of the measurement scale. Finally, a factor analysis was a pplied to the obtained data.


Chemical sensors are analytical systems for the evaluation of compound- or ion-specific or - selective signals produced by specific or selective chemical reactions taking place at the interface between the chemically modified sensor surface and the substrate. The well known electrochemical sensing schemes have greatly contributed that sensors are considered now as the 'third supporting pillar of analytical chemistry' besides chromatography and spectroscopy. The aim of this paper is to describe the novel capabilities of chemical modified IR-transparent fibers as chemical IR-sensors for the on-line analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons and organic compounds in aqueous solutions and gaseous mixtures, glucose, and sucrose in aqueous solution as developed in our laboratory. Moreover, the relative merits of this new method wil be depicted in comparison to other sensing techniques. Optical fiber sensors are novel analysis systems, based on molecular spectroscopy in the UV/VIS/IR-range. They benefit from the tremendous development in the field of optical fibers, an offspring of the telecommunication industry and the electronic revolution during the last few years. With the development of new materials besides the well known quartz fibers for the UV/VIS/NIR-range the optical window for fiber optic sensors was enlarged from 0,2 to 20 micrometers recently. The fiber length was increased recently to up to 2 meters for silver halides and approximately 10 meters for chalcogenides. New applications for environmental, food, and clinical sensing as well as process analysis are the driving force for modern research in IR-optical fiber sensors using mainly sapphire (Al2O3), chalcogenide (As-Se-Te) and silver halide (AgBr/AgCl) fibers and flow injection analysis (FIA) systems. Few representative examples for each of the various optical sensor types will be presented. Particular attention will be given to the use of silver halide fibers for the simultaneous determination of traces of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water and to FIA-systems for the process analysis of beverages.


In 1543 Luther published his infamous On the Jews and Their Lies. His main arguments can be divided into four major parts. In the first part, Luther attacked what he considered the Jews' "false boasts," mainly their lineage and covenant of circumcision. In the second part, he debated key biblical passages. Third, he focused on the grossest medieval superstitions concerning the Jews are the focus of the third part. The fourth, and final, part included Luther's recommendations for actions concerning the Jews. For the purposes of this paper, the fourth part of this treatise will be primarily examined. It contains the most evidence for Luther's antiSemitic views, and the Nazis quoted Luther most often from this section. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol9/iss1/4 Constructing the Past 1 The Darker Side of Martin Luther Emily Paras If we wish to find a scapegoat on whose shoulders we may lay the miseries which Germany has brought upon the world-I am more and more convinced that the worst evil genius of that country is not Hitler or Bismarck or Frederick the Great, but Martin Luther. -Reverend William Ralph Inge, 1944. Martin Luther is remembered as one of the most famous religious figures in history, considered to be the founder of Protestantism. However, there was a lesser known side of him, one that was dark and full of hatred. Unknown to popular knowledge, Luther wrote a treatise in 1543 titled On the Jews and Their Lies. In this 65,000-word document, he repeatedly attacks the Jews. The consequences of this treatise were far reaching, even extending into the present day, as his writings continue to be reproduced in pamphlets by neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic groups. More devastating, his writings were circulated during the most horrifying event of the 20th century: the Holocaust. Hitler himself named Luther as one of history's greatest reformers in his novel, Mein Kampf. How much did Luther's writings affect Hitler and the Nazis? This paper will serve as evidence of how difficult it is to accurately recount past events, especially ones that involve unpleasant aspects of world history. I will examine this topic using primary sources written by Luther and Hitler and official documents concerning the International military tribunal at Nuremburg to explore Luther's influence on Hitler. Secondary sources such as books written by Peter Wiener, Eliot Wheaton, and Daniel Goldhagen, will also be considered in order to compare my findings to those of other scholars.


In terms of sheer numbers, Russian naval power has diminished considerably since the end of the Cold War. However, following the collapse in Russian defence spending in the 1990s and early 2000s, there have been marked increases in recent years. This has allowed for substantial reinvestment and a revival of naval capability.


Nature-friendly approaches for crop protection are sought after in the effort to reduce the use of agrochemicals. However, the transfer of scientific findings to agriculture practice is relatively slow because research results are sometimes contradictory or do not clearly lead to applicable approaches. Common scab of potatoes is a disease affecting potatoes worldwide, for which no definite treatment is available. That is due to many complex interactions affecting its incidence and severity. The review aims to determine options for the control of the disease using additions of micronutrients and modification of microbial communities. We propose three approaches for the improvement by (1) supplying soils with limiting nutrients, (2) supporting microbial communities with high mineral solubilization capabilities or (3) applying communities antagonistic to the pathogen. The procedures for the disease control may include fertilization with micronutrients and appropriate organic matter or inoculation with beneficial strains selected according to local environmental conditions. Further research is proposed to use metagenomics/metabolomics to identify key soil–plant–microbe interactions in comparisons of disease-suppressive and -conducive soils.


In recent years, reduced corneal biomechanics have been identified as an important element in the pathogenesis of various corneal diseases. The biomechanical characteristics of a connective tissue such as strength and resistance against mechanical stress are indispensable prerequisites to maintain regular shape and function of that tissue. Intra- and intermolecular cross-links between collagen molecules are essential elements of these biomechanical properties.


The present study contributes to the extant literature on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) by furthering our understanding of how and when mergers of equals (MOE) transactions are likely to dissolve ...


Controlled tuning of the whispering gallery modes of GaN/InGaN microdisk cavities is demonstrated. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) tuning is achieved at room temperature by immersing the microdisks in water and irradiating with ultraviolet laser. The tuning rate can be controlled by varying the laser excitation power, with a nanometer precision accessible at low excitation power (approximately several μW). The selective oxidation mechanism is proposed to explain the results and supported by theoretical analysis. The tuning of WGMs in GaN/InGaN microdisk cavities may have important implications in cavity quantum electrodynamics and the development of efficient light emitting devices.


We report the discovery of a high CO (J = 3-2)/CO (J = 1-0) ratio gas with an arclike distribution ("high-ratio gas arc") surrounding the central star cluster of the supergiant H II region NGC 604 in the nearby spiral galaxy M33, based on multi-J CO observations of a 5′ × 5′ region of NGC 604 conducted using the ASTE 10 m and NRO 45 m telescopes. The discovered "high-ratio gas arc" extends to the southeast-northwest direction with a size of ~200 pc. The western part of the high-ratio gas arc closely coincides with the shells of the H II regions traced by Hα and radio continuum peaks. The CO (J = 3-2)/CO (J = 1-0) ratio, R3-2/1-0, ranges between 0.3 and 1.2 in the observed region, and the R3-2/1-0 values of the high-ratio gas arc are around or higher than unity, indicating very warm (Tkin ≥ 60 K) and dense (n ≥ 103-104 cm-3) conditions of the high-ratio gas arc. We suggest that the dense gas formation and second-generation star formation occur in the surrounding gas compressed by the stellar wind and/or supernova of the first-generation stars of NGC 604, i.e., the central star cluster of NGC 604.


Adding modern vein care to his cosmetic surgery practice was a synergistic move that helped Colin E. Bailey, M.D., maintain fiscal equilibrium even in the most unsettling economic times, he says.


Greenness index has been proven sensitive to vegetation properties for multispectral and hyperspectral imaging. However, most controlled microclimatic cultivation chambers are equipped with low-cost RGB camera for crop growth monitoring. The lack of camera credentials specially the wavelength sensitivity of visible band provides added challenge in materializing greenness index. The proposed method in this study compensates the unavailability of generic camera peak wavelength sensitivities by employing genetic algorithm (GA) to derive a visible band triangular greenness index (TGI) based on green waveband signal normalized TGI model called gvTGI. The selection, mutation and crossover rates used in configuring the GA model are 0.2, 0.01 and 0.8 respectively. Lettuce images are captured from an aquaponic cultivation chamber for 6-week crop life cycle. The annotated and extracted gvTGI channels are inputted to deep learning models of MobileNetV2, ResNetl01 and InceptionResNetV2 for estimation of photosynthetic growth signatures at canopy scale. In predicting cultivation period in weeks after germination, MobileNetV2 bested other image classification models with accuracy of 80.56%. In estimating canopy area, MobileNetV2 bested other image regression models with $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ of 0.9805. The proposed gvTGI proved to be highly accurate on estimation of photosynthetic growth signatures by using generic RGB camera, thus, providing a low-cost alternative for crop phenotyping.


In a fluctuating medium, whether of quantum, thermal, or non-thermal origins, an interaction is induced between external objects that modify the fluctuations. These interactions can appear in a vast variety of systems, leading to a plethora of interesting phenomena. Notable examples of these include: 1. like-charge attraction in the presence of multivalent counterions; 2. Ludwig–Soret effect in charged colloids; 3. mass renormalization of moving defects in a phononic background and moving metallic objects in electromagnetic quantum vacuum; 4. dissipation due to motion-induced radiation. Another related class of problems corresponds to stirring the media by dynamic deformations of the embedded bodies and benefiting from the back-reaction of the stirred media for force generation, such as force generation in swimming. The fluctuation-induced forces are statistical in nature, and this could make their measurements very difficult, because the actual value of the force might deviate most of the time from the p...


Objective:To investigate the morbidi ty,epidemic characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in Tongwei.Methods:A total of 564 local residents who were over 35 years old and had lived in the village for more than 5 years were selected and surveyed by a questionnaire. Results:A total of 564 local residents were identified, the average age was(58.02 ±12.473)years;The prevalence rate of hypertension was 59.4% in this area; No significant differences were found in the prevalence rate of hypertension between male and female(χ2=0.79,P0.05),and the significant differences were found in the prevalence rate of hypertension between difference age group;Age,smoking;drinking;salt and cardiovascular diseases were risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions:Tongwei is a high prevalence area of hypertension,The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with the raised of age. The prevalence of hypertension in Tongwei is higher than the average level of Chinese population,and hypertension has become amajor health problem for Tongwei inhabitants.


We present a modification of the Chemical Mass Balance model commonly used for apportioning pollutants measured at a receptor site to particular sources, given profile data from these sources. The standard Effective Variance model is included as a special case. We present a package of estimation methods for these models; a 'robustness option' is highlighted. A simulation study is carried out to compare and contrast the various approaches.


The Ln(III) complexes with picrate ligand, [Sm(Pic) 2 (H 2 O) 6 ]Pic.6H 2 O, 1, and [Ho(Pic)(H 2 O) 7 ](Pic) 2 .3H 2 O, 2, have been synthesized and their crystal structures are analyzed by X-ray diffraction methods. Complex 1, crystallizes in the monoclinic P2 l /n space group and complex 2 in the triclinic P-1 space group. In complex 1, two picrate ligands coordinate to the Sm(III) ion, one of them in the bidentate fashion. There are one picrate anion and six water molecules in the crystal lattice. The nine-coordinated Sm(III) ion forms a slightly distorted tricapped trigonal prism. In complex 2, only one picrate ligand coordinates to the metal ion as a monodentate. There are two picrate anions and three water molecules in the crystal lattice. The eight-coordinated Ho(III) ion forms a distorted bicapped trigonal prism. Based on the results of the TG-DTG and DSC thermal analysis, it was analyzed that the lanthanide picrate complexes 1 and 2 are thermally decomposed in three distinctive stages, the dehydration, the picrate decompositions; and the formation of the metal oxide.


This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement of two high-Q micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) varactors suitable for 20-60 GHz applications. The varactors are composed of a movable bridge placed in a shunt configuration on a coplanar waveguide line. The first design is an extended tuning range varactor showing a capacitance ratio of 1.46. The second design demonstrates a discrete-position varactor with a capacitance ratio of 1.90. Both designs result in a tuning voltage of 18-25 V and an excellent quality factor of 95-100 at 34 GHz (C=80 fF). The very high resonant frequency of the varactors makes them suitable for applications at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.


Abstract In this paper we examine the links between economic governance, viewed as thestructure and practice of economic policy-making and management, and povertyelimination efforts. By examining the qualitative and historical links making up theeconomic governance-poverty nexus in South Korea, we extend the line of researchbroached by Evans and Rauch (1999) to consider the relation of Korea's capacities foreconomic governance to the incidence of poverty and inequality there.Based primarily on field interviews with past and present officials in the economic andsocial bureaucracy, as well as with relevant academics and civil society associations,this research finds that with democratisation, and particularly during the Kim YoungSam administration (1993-97), the growing flirtation with neo-liberal economics (forvarious reasons and from various sources) resulted in the abandonment of strategiceconomic planning, and with it, the further marginalisation of concerns with inequalityand social welfare within the economic bureaucracy. More specifically, therestructuring of the economic bureaucracy over the 1990s—first with the demise of theEconomic Planning Board and the subsumption of some of its functions within theMinistry of Finance and Economy and second with the breakdown of that ministry in1998—led to a decline in support for progressive, social welfare ideas from within theeconomic bureaucracy. While the issues of inequality and welfare forced their way ontothe government's agenda during the economic crisis (as a result of risingunemployment), this effort was politically driven by the President and was not a'normal' and thus stable feature of the country's system of economic governance.Consequently, the future direction that Korea takes with regards to economicgovernance and poverty is likely to revolve around the ability for policy-makers andsocial welfare advocates to significantly develop the notion of 'productive welfare' (orother 'third way' notions) through a broad based policy dialogue that can achieveconsensus and support by all those involved in economic governance.The structure of the paper is as follows: We begin by briefly examining the country'srecord on poverty from the 1960s through to the present day. We then turn to examinethe state's institutional capacities for economic governance, detailing the historicalevolution of Korea's institutions. This institutional historiography is meant to informthe penultimate section where we present an analysis of the effects Korea's system ofeconomic governance may have had on its poverty reduction efforts in the yearsimmediately following the Asian Financial Crisis in late 1997. Finally, we concludewith some of the general issues that arise from analysis the economic governance-poverty nexus.


From the sixties onwards, there exists an increasing interest on the burn-out risk that professionals working with human suffering experience. This paper is about a research carried out in three institutions involved in healing social and physical damage in children and adolescents. A qualitative methodology was used, based on Glasser & Strauss grounded theory. Eight professionals from the mentioned institutions were interviewed. It turned out that all i acknowledged being at mental health risk, displaying some differences in their experiences. Also, all mentioned that sharing experiences in a group conversation was their main strategy for mental self-care.


This paper sets up a mathematical model for adjusting and controlling macroeconomics via three rates through analyzing development status of Chinese macroeconomics. Correlations among macroeconomic indices and three rates are verified by regression analysis, a beneficial matrix has been set up according to practical experience, weight coefficients are built up due to contributions of different indices to macroeconomics, and finally an objective function is provided to seek optimal solutions of combinatory. The decision we have obtained may not be optimal because we have not got enough data and have not considered how to minimize macroeconomic risk occurred in the change of three rates. Hence the decision is optimal under certain conditions and is only a reference to decision-makers. As macroeconomics status changes continuously the beneficial matrix and weight coefficients must be modified along the time in order to form a dynamic decision.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical and imaging features of metastatic melanoma to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA).

DESIGN
A case series study with world literature review.

SETTING
House Ear Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif.

PATIENTS
Three cases of metastatic CPA tumors operated on at the House Ear Clinic.

INTERVENTIONS
All patients underwent surgical removal of CPA metastatic melanoma.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Survival and duration of disease-free interval are reported.

RESULTS
Two patients died of melanoma within 5 months of diagnosis and resection of CPA melanoma metastases. One patient survived for 5 years after undergoing total resection of an isolated CPA melanoma metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging features were not uniform.

CONCLUSIONS
Metastatic melanoma to the CPA should be suspected in patients with a history of melanoma and a rapid progression of audiovestibular or facial nerve symptoms. Surgical removal of solitary metastases to the CPA may be valuable in patients without other melanoma focus; however, the long-term prognosis for patients with CPA melanoma is grim.


The thermal diffusivities and thermal conductivities of powders, especially PMMA-coated silicon carbide, at various temperatures, have been tested by two different dynamic methods, the water-bath method and the laser-heated method. The thermal conductivity data found by these two techniques are found to be consistent with each other. A Review of the Two Techniques A Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), DSC-7 made by the Perkin-Elmer Company, has been used [l] to measure the heat capacities at various temperatures for all of the powders used. The heat capacities of the powders were found to be functions of temperature. The specific heats of all the powders are found to be the same as those of the corresponding solids. The thermal conductivities of powders are measured by an unsteady state method with two water baths of small temperature differences[1,2,3]. The range of the temperatures investigated, limited by the boiling point of water in the water-bath method, was mainly from 30-90°C, i.e. below the sintering temperatures of the powders. During the process of raising the temperature, sometimes bubbles of air were seen to adhere to the outside surface of the sample tube which obviously decreases the rate of the transfer of heat. The authors found that the formation of air bubbles may be avoided by the addition of some soap solution into the water baths to decrease the surface tension of the water used. Only small changes in temperature, typically 10°C, are used. This is necessary to account for the temperature dependent thermal properties at the powder beds. As the temperatures used during the SLS process are not limited to the ambient temperatures, a laser-heated method [5,6,7] was adopted to study thermal conductivity at the higher temperatures. This technique uses a laser to heat the surface of a sample powder bed while a thermocouple at a certain depth inside the powder bed records the rise of temperature against time. Figure 1 shows the basic experiment. The powder bed is contained in a 1 inch diameter by 5 inch long glass tube. The bed temperature is maintained at the desired temperature by a 675 watt Tempco Co. coil heater (MHS1255BL02). That is controlled by a pulsed DC output temperature controller (Omega CN76120). The pulsed output is used to switch a solid state relay connected a the heater AC power line. The powder samples completely fill the sample tube. The center temperature, 1 cm below the bed surface, is measured with a thermocouple. The tube is wrapped with thin aluminum foil and placed inside the coil heater.


The influence of dry-etching (D/E) damage during the source/drain (S/D) electrode etching process on the electrical properties of a bottom-gate In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor (TFT) was investigated by varying the thickness of the etch-stop layer (ESL). For a thicker ESL of 200 nm, electrical properties of the TFTs with S/D electrodes formed by dry and wet-etching were comparable. However, an anomalous increase in apparent field-effect mobility (μFE) was observed from the TFT with the S/D-D/E process with thinner ESL. Experimental and device simulation results clarified that the current flow line in the channel and an effective channel length were strongly influenced by the carrier density of the low-resistive region formed at a back-channel region, which was induced by the S/D-D/E damage through ESL.


Punch biopsy specimens of the leg and elbow revealed dilated, ectatic vessels in the superficial dermis with no associated inflammation or fibrinoid necrosis. The epidermis was normal with typical basket weave appearance of the stratum corneum, and no spongiosis was present. Results from laboratory tests, including complete cell blood count, complete metabolic panel, anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies, were within normal limits. The patient's clinical picture and histopathologic and laboratory findings were consistent with a diagnosis of generalized essential telangiectasia (GET). The patient was initially prescribed doxycycline, 100 mg twice per day, with no clinical improvement. Subsequently, she was treated once with pulsed-dye laser therapy with slight improvement. She declined further treatments.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the level of intracellular calcium ion concentration (i) in cerebral cells in rat after ischemic treatment for 3 days, to recommend the detailed methods to determine the i of cerebral cells by Fura-2/AM and to discuss the mechanisms of increased i after cerebral ischemia in rat's cerebral cells. Methods: 20 healthy Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and treated group. The cerebral ischemia model was made by the four improved vessel occlusion in rats. The sham operated rats were control. Fura-2/AM was used to determine the intracellular calcium ion concentration( i ) of cerebral cells in rats after ischemic treatment for 3 days. Results: i of control group was (262.83±90.12)nmol/L and treated group was (371.39±89.00)nmol/L. To compare them by t-test showed a significant and statistical increase of the i (P0.05). Conclusions: The level of intracellular calcium ion concentration (i ) in rat's cerebral cells after ischemic treatment for 3 days increases significantly.


Titanium supported gallium containing CdSe films have been prepared using electrodeposition technique. The photoelectrochemical characterization of these Ti-(CdGa)Se films has been carried out on the basis of their photoelectroconvertibility and photoaction spectral studies. Current voltage behaviour of the electrodeposited films was also investigated to construct Tafel plots for the purpose of electrochemical corrosion.


The charming tale of a young girl, Lily, who lives alone in her bland paper world until she meets an excitable blob of ink, Blot. At first, Lily doesn't know what to make of him, but they quickly become friends as he literally brings color to her life.


Parenn is the typical generalization of the Dyck language to multiple types of parentheses. We generalize its notion of balancedness to allow parentheses of different types to freely commute. We show that balanced regular and [Formula: see text]-regular languages can be characterized by syntactic constraints on regular and [Formula: see text]-regular expressions and, using the shuffle on trajectories operator, we define grammars for balanced-by-construction expressions with which one can express every balanced regular and [Formula: see text]-regular language.


One of the key quantities for accessing the present thermal state of a planet is measuring its planetary heat flow. It yields information about tectonic and magmatic processes and is essential to resolve the thermal evolution. Upcoming in situ measurements are designed to log the temperature and thermal conductivity in the upper 5 m of the Martian regolith. In a previous study it was shown that a determination of the planetary heat flow is feasible if the annual mean
temperatures in the subsurface can be determined by, e.g., extending the measurement period over at least a full Martian year.
So far, modelling has been done for a homogeneous fine- or coarse-grained regolith without regarding isolated rock or ice bodies within the regolith which are expected to disturb the heat flow seriously. A 2D numerical modelling approach gives a first impression of how heterogeneities could affect temperature logging and planetary heat flow. For the simulations
we have used material properties that correspond to
those of similar terrestrial rock.


We describe here an extremely quick and simple method of processing nitrocellulose filter lifts of bacteriophage A libraries from agar plates. Screening lambda libraries involves making duplicate filter lifts of the phage plaques from agar plates, denaturing the phage DNA and fixing it onto the nitrocellulose filters. entails M NaCI to denature the DNA, neutralisation finally baked in


Normal development and function of the male reproductive tract begins in the zygote where the X and Y chromosomes establish the genetic sex and direct the sequential evolution of gonadal and phenotypic sex in the fetus (Chapter 16). Under normal circumstances, gonadal and phenotypic sex agrees with chromosomal sex; however, abnormalities of sexual phenotype and function can arise from various defects during development. Beyond the sex chromosomes, disorders of male sex differentiation, development and function can result from single gene mutations. The analysis of these disorders has been highly informative in defining the genetic and molecular determinants of sex development and reproductive function (Fig. 1).


PURPOSE: A main relay monitoring apparatus and a method thereof for an environment friendly vehicle are provided to reduce costs and simplify a system by monitoring the fusion of the main relay without using an additional separate circuit. CONSTITUTION: A main relay monitoring apparatus of an environment friendly vehicle comprises a main battery(110), a main relay(120), an inverter(130), and a controller(200). The main battery stores a high voltage. The main relay controls the voltage output of the main battery. The inverter supplies a driving voltage to the motor by converting a voltage supplied through the main relay from the main battery into AC voltage. The controller forcibly discharges a voltage which is charged in a DC link capacitor after cutting off the main relay by an ignition off. The controller determines the existence of fusion of the main relay by comparing the voltage of the main battery and an input voltage of the inverter. [Reference numerals] (150) Engine; (200) Controller; (AA) On/off; (BB) Ignition off