The production of new gauge bosons is a standard benchmark for the exploration of the physics capabilities of future colliders. The √ s = 100 TeV Future Hadron Collider will make a major step in our ability to search for and explore the properties of such new states. In this paper, employing traditional models to make contact with the past and more recent literature, we not only establish in detail the discovery and exclusion reaches for both the Z ′ and W ′ within these models but, more importantly, we also examine the capability of the FHC to extract information relevant for the determination of the couplings of the Z ′ to the fermions of the Standard Model as well as the helicity of the corresponding W ′ couplings. This is a necessary first step in determining the nature of the underlying theory which gave rise to these states.


Fourteen physico-chemical parameters, diversity and abundance of phytoplankton of fresh water Nagartas dam have been studied during December 2007 to November 2008. Phytoplanktonic observations were recorded monthly. The physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, Turbidity, TDS, pH, FreeCarbondioxide, TH, Phosphates, Sulphates, Nirates, Chlorides, Free Ammonia, DO, BOD, COD were also evaluated.


Abstract : Because of the thermal insulating nature of the Kevlar-49 fiber epoxy resin composite material used in the blast hardened S-280 electrical shelter with the blast hardened wall and roof construction of the shelter, the shelter will survive the recommended nuclear thermal radiation levels. However, since the thermal environment precedes the blast environment and the Kevlar material is an integral part of the walls and roof, the blast hardness of the shelter is dependent on the effects of the thermal environment on the exposed Kevlar material. Samples of the Kevlar material were exposed to several simulated nuclear thermal radiation environments. The analysis of the effects of these environments on the material show that the following effects will occur at the recommended thermal hardening level of the shelter: (a) transient flaming of the exposed surface for the duration of the environment, (b) the exposed layer of the multi-layered material will char and break and debond from the adjacent layer, and (c) the maximum increase of the back surface temperature will be less than 108C. (Author)


The Evolution of Human Voice (France, period 1940-2019) The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of vocal characteristics over time. As part of a scientific collaboration with the INA, we had access to audio-video recordings of vox-po ps acquired for television broadcasts between 1940 and 2019. This data allowed us to analyze the voices of 779 speakers and to follow up the evolution of different acoustic parameters (i.e., F0mean, F0min and F0max F0sd) over 80 years. Statistical analyses were conducted for each sex decade per decade. They revealed that while males' voices remained relatively stable over time, women's has remarkably evolved to get significantly closer to men's. Results are discussed in the light of different concepts, both cultural and evolutionary. They support the hypothesis of a masculinization of women whose origin is to be found in the conjunction of both biological and environmental factors. MOTS-CLÉS : Phonétique, Évolution, Voix humaine, Fréquence fondamentale


To reduce the environmental impact of its non-electrified lines, JR East started to develop a diesel hybrid system in 2000 and went on to develop a fuel cell hybrid system. After having validated the diesel hybrid system for two years using a test car, JR East launched the world's first commercial service of diesel hybrid train in 2007. This article presents the concepts underlining the development of hybrid systems at JR East, explaining the systems' configurations, control methods, and their respective approaches to utilizing multiple energy sources efficiently.


Recent first‐principles calculations have proposed that bulk sound speed (VΦ) decreases at the perovskite (Pv) → postperovskite (PPv) transition. Yet some measurements suggest an increase in VΦ at the PPv transition in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and NaMgF3. Our new measurements on NaMgF3 up to 50 GPa under quasi‐hydrostatic stress conditions reveal that the VΦ of PPv remains lower than that of Pv near the PPv transition, consistent with a first‐principles study on NaMgF3. Combined with similar observations in (Mg,Fe)SiO3, MgGeO3, and CaIrO3, our result on NaMgF3 suggests that the VΦ decrease is a robust trend in the PPv transition and is controlled more by crystal structure than by chemical composition. Our finding also strengthens the proposal that the elastic properties of PPv can explain the small P‐wave increase across the D″ discontinuity and the anticorrelation between the VΦ and S‐wave velocity anomalies in the D″ region.


This study investigates the strain based shape estimation approach for the purpose of three dimensional deformation measurements of the general shaped structures during the operation. A displacement-strain relation on the basis of a modal approach is revised to be applied on the general shaped structures with finite-element method. The optimization process of the sensor placements is proposed based on the observability grammian. The proposed shape estimation approach as well as the optimization process is validated by the numerical simulations of beam deformation. As an example of a general shaped structure, the shape estimation approach is performed for the wind turbine blade model. The results show good agreement demonstrating the potentials of the proposed shape estimation approach for the general shaped structures.


Reviews the payment environment and "proliferation" of new payment services on the market. Highlights the cost reduction benefits to financial institutions of cash replacement. Defines the scope of digital money as encompassing both electronic purse money and software money. The fundamental differences in basic philosophy, design principles and technical choices of the variety of approaches to electronic cash are evaluated. Three key directions are identified to accelerate the take‐up of digital money. Urges that the regulatory regime necessary to ensure financial integrity of non‐bank issuers is developed without stifling innovation and competition or consumer confidence. EU commission directives and the findings of a multinational alliance of banking institutions are reviewed and recommendations given for new electronic purse products. Pinpoints several useful lessons which have been learnt from electronic purse experiences to date.


Source localization using channel energy measurements of distributed sensors has been well studied, but assumes the target not to move significantly during both the communication between the sensors and the calculation. We want to estimate the trajectory of a moving target, which passes through a sensor field. The sensors are simple in the sense that they can only measure the received signal strength (RSS), but no angular information; nor do they know the target source level. The target moves significantly between measurements, and communication between sensors only takes place at long intervals relative to the target motion. To reduce communication load, we suggest each sensor first processes its measurements locally and transmit only some aggregate value(s). Based on a free-space propagation model, we find each sensor should locally estimate three parameters to fully characterize its observations, namely the maximum measured amplitude, the corresponding time index and the speed with which the target signal fades, e.g, the time difference between the maximum and its 6 dB point. Based on two sensors, this allows us to reconstruct the target trajectory with only two possible mirror ambiguities, which could either be handled by a higher layer tracking algorithm as false alarms or resolved via a third sensor.


Fabulously stylish French Kitty is back in a new adventure - this time, she travels to exotic Hawaii for a wedding, some shopping, and, of course, romance.


A challenging new mode of learning or experiencing this history is through computer games, particularly interactive online gaming and historical simulation gaming. These games are often presented as based on "real events", involving "real people and places", and of course "real battles." Maps, chronologies, biographies and "official sources" add to this reality. Indeed, the authenticity of games may be considered as important as the quality of its graphics, player options and sound effects. Advertisements promoting military computer games cite the role of military advisors, including advice and support from the US Department of Defence, in ensuring the accuracy of the games and their proximity to reality.


The discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation and constitutive JAK activation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has radically changed the landscape of these disorders, not only triggering new diagnostic criteria but, more importantly, offering new therapeutic avenues. In 2012, results with ruxolitinib


In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in robots' tactile sense, which enables safer, more reliable and accurate human-robot communication for the future society. So far, we have developed a capacitive type tactile sensor network system for implementing a large number of sensors with MEMS-CMOS integration technologies [1-3, 9]. Considering practical use for the robot, multiple kind sensors in addition to numerous sensor distributions are necessary in terms of accurate object recognition and wide coverage of sensor requirements such as high-sensitivity, large dynamic range, high-reliability and low-cost. Thus, we proposed a sensor platform with dedicated CMOS-LSIs [6], which can utilize three types of sensors: on-chip temperature, off-chip capacitive and resistive tactile sensors. The CMOS-LSI is well designed for integration with MEMS. This paper describes the first implementation results of the multiple kind sensors with the CMOS-LSIs. We successfully constructed the multi sensor system, which has the temperature sensor, capacitive and resistive type force sensors.


In recent studies, we found that Numb is involved in oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells; however, its function on ER stress‐induced apoptosis in proteinuric kidney disease remains unknown. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of Numb in urinary albumin‐induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKCs). In this study, we demonstrate that incubation of HKCs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in caspase three‐dependent cell death. Numb expression was down‐regulated by BSA in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Knockdown of Numb by siRNA sensitized HKCs to BSA‐induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Numb protected HKCs from BSA‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, BSA activated CHOP/PERK signaling pathway in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner as indicated by increased expression of CHOP, PERK, and P‐PERK. Furthermore, knockdown of CHOP or PERK significantly attenuated the promoting effect of Numb on BSA‐induced apoptosis, while overexpression of CHOP impaired the protective effect of Numb on BSA‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Numb plays a protective role on BSA‐induced apoptosis through inhibiting CHOP/PERK signaling pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Therefore, the results from this study provides evidence that Numb is a new target of ER‐associated apoptotic signaling networks and Numb may serve as a promising therapeutic target for proteinuric diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 163–171, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Packed with frightening facts about the vile Viking invaders and their Saxon enemies, this book takes a look at history - with the nasty bits left in.


Between the years 1973–1977, 152 male patients from 28 participating Veterans Hospitals with histologically proven nonresectable cancer of the pancreas were randomized in a two‐arm study. The treated group was to receive combination chemotherapy with 5‐FU and CCNU, and the controls were to receive no chemotherapy. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, amount of weight loss, extent of histologically proved metastases, and operation performed. In the treatment group, drug therapy was begun between 10 and 60 days postoperatively. Intravenous 5‐FU, 9 mg/kg, was administered on five consecutive days, and CCNU, 70 mg/m2, was given orally on the first day of each course. In the absence of toxicity, the course was repeated every six weeks for life; 146 drug courses were given. The incidence of toxicity was not great. One or more toxic reactions were reported for one‐third of the drug courses administered, but for the most part, these were mild. The most frequent toxic reaction was vomiting in 17% of the courses, and hematologic toxicity—primarily leukopenia—in 15% of the drug courses. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect on survival from drug treatment in the group as a whole or in any subgroup analyzed. The median survival of the control group was 3.9 months, and of the drug‐treated group, 3.0 months.


The course of leukemia produced by Friend leukemia virus (FLV) in male and female BALB/c mice was compared in conventionally-reared (CR) and germfree (GF) mice. Hematologic and pathologic studies showed that whereas the disease process in CR mice was severe and resulted in death of the mice within a period of 2 to 3 months, few or mild symptoms appeared in GF mice. However, when GF mice were stimulated with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), mortality from FLV challenge was markedly increased but without typical symptoms of a leukemic process. Immunologic assays showed that FLV completely inhibited the spleen plaque-forming cell response to SRBC in CR mice. This indicates that GF mice may not possess the "target cell" for FLV, and that this "target cell" is probably a precursor to antibody-producing cells.


Recently, many in vitro studies have reported that MbtH‐like proteins are very necessary for the adenylation of amino acid by adenylating enzymes present in the biosynthetic machineries of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). However, in vivo studies on mbtH‐like genes are somewhat controversial since their mutants still produce the target compounds. Here, we report unambiguous evidence of the crucial role of MbtH‐like protein in the biosynthesis of NRP based on in vivo study of vancomycin producer, Amycolatopsis orientalis. Deletion of mbtH‐like gene (vcm11) in the vancomycin biosynthetic gene cluster completely abolished production of vancomycin and its complementation strain showed almost full recovery of vancomycin production. As a result, we propose that the mbtH‐like gene is a good genetic engineering target to increase the yield of NRP, as verified by increased vancomycin production (by 60 and 80%) upon overexpression of cognate (Vcm11) as well as noncognate (CloY) MbtH‐like proteins.


Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients would benefit from a safe and effective tool to detect early-stage, regional lung disease to allow for early intervention. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe, non-invasive procedure capable of providing quantitative assessments of disease without ionizing radiation. We developed a rapid normalized T1 MRI technique to detect regional lung disease in early-stage CF patients. Materials and Methods: Conventional multislice, pulmonary T1 relaxation time maps were obtained for 10 adult CF patients with normal spirometry and 5 healthy non-CF control subjects using a rapid Look-Locker MRI acquisition (5 seconds/ imaging slice). Each lung absolute T1 map was separated into six regions of interest (ROI) by manually selecting upper, central, and lower lung regions in the left and right lungs. In order to reduce the effects of subject-to-subject variation, normalized T1 maps were calculated by dividing each pixel in the absolute T1 maps by the mean T1 time in the central lung region. The primary outcome was the differences in mean normalized T1 values in the upper lung regions between CF patients with normal spirometry and healthy volunteers. Results: Normalized T1 (nT1) maps showed visibly reduced subject-to-subject variation in comparison to conventional absolute T1 maps for healthy volunteers. An ROI analysis showed that the variation in the nT1 values in all regions was #2% of the mean. The primary outcome, the mean (SD) of the normalized T1 values in the upper right lung regions, was significantly lower in the CF subjects [.914 (.037)] compared to the upper right lung regions of the healthy subjects [.983 (.003)] [difference of .069 (95% confidence interval .0322.105); p = .001). Similar results were seen in the upper left lung region. Conclusion: Rapid normalized T1 MRI relaxometry obtained in 5 seconds/imaging slice may be used to detect regional early-stage lung disease in CF patients. Citation: Dasenbrook EC, Lu L, Donnola S, Weaver DE, Gulani V, et al. (2013) Normalized T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Regional Lung Function in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73286. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073286 Editor: Amit Gaggar, University of Alabama-Birmingham, United States of America Received April 13, 2013; Accepted July 18, 2013; Published September 25, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Dasenbrook et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P30-DK027651 and CTSA-UL1TR000439, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (DASENB10A0 and KONSTA03Y2), and Seimens Medical System. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: Dr. Flask received technical support from Siemens Medical Systems. The authors declare that this relationship does not alter their adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: email@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.


III.—THE CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY OF NEW JERSEY. By HKINRIOH EIES and H. B. KUMMEL, assisted by G. N. KNAPP. Vol. VI of the Final Eeport of the State Geologist. Trenton, New Jersey, 1904. Eoyal 8vo; pp. xxvii, 548. Plates and maps, Ivi; figures in text, 41. I this Eeport a very full and complete description of the various clay deposits in the State of New Jersey is given, and their origin, modes of occurrence, physical and chemical properties are discussed in considerable detail. It also contains a large amount of definite and practical information relating to the economic value and the various methods of manufacture suitable to the different kinds of clays, which makes it a reliable work of reference for all those engaged in this industry. The clay deposits worked belong to various formations. In the northern part of the State there are extensive beds of late Glacial age apparently laid down in lake basins or estuaries by streams issuing from the margin of the great ice field which covered northern New Jersey. Cliffs of clay on the Atlantic coast and terraces bordering the river valleys, 30-50 feet above tide, are referred to the same period. The clay beds are frequently overlain by stratified sand and gravel, and in some places by glacial till. Of the clays of the Tertiary formation may be mentioned those near Bridgeton, which are regarded as of Upper Miocene or Pliocene age on the evidence of plant remains in the associated sandstones. The most important clay deposits in the State are of Lower Cretaceous age, and are known as the Earitan or Plastic Clay series. They are of considerable thickness, and they extend quite across the State from Perth Amboy to Trenton, and thence down the Delaware Eiver. They were probably laid down in an estuary; the only fossils found in them are a few shells of brackish-water character. The beds vary from a white to steel-blue fireclay of considerable economic importance to black sandy clay used for ordinary bricks. A great drawback to working these clays is the thickness of the gravels and, in places, glacial drift, bv which they are often capped. These Lower Cretaceous clays rest on beds of Triassic age. Several excellent maps and numerous illustrations greatly add to the value of this Eeport.


The present article is concerned with issues of influence of anthropogenic factors influence of environmental change on health status of the population. An analytical material illustrates the period for last 5 years.


We show how the $\tau$-cluster morphism category may be defined in terms of the wall-and-chamber structure of an algebra. This geometric perspective leads to a simplified proof that the category is well-defined.


The increasing complexity of data-processing systems forced the design methodologies to move to a higher abstraction level (Shin, Gerstlauer, Dömer & Gajski, 2008) than the traditional register-transfer level (RTL). In the 2000s the so-called electronic system level (ESL) paradigm was evolved including the system level description languages, such as SystemC, SystemVerilog and the high-level synthesis (HLS) tools, such as SystemCrafter and Catapult-C, which are able to transform an algorithmic model into a gate level description (Casseau & Le Gal, 2012; Kim & Liu, 1995). However, at the design process of the instruction set processors the HLS method cannot be used efficiently because the main structure of the microprocessors does not fits well with the data-processing model of the digital signal processing systems, which HLS is optimized for. Presently, the architecture description languages (ADLs) are the high-level tools of instruction set processor design. These languages can describe the functionality of the system on the behavioral level but, as opposed to the languages used in the HLS method, they can describe the structure of the system as well in the same model. Even in case of ADLs designers usually have to deal with significant restrictions in terms of microarchitecture and they are not able to model application-specific functional units with dedicated functionality. In this article we present a novel approach of register-transfer level hardware modeling based on a new hardware description language called Algorithmic Microarchitecture Description Language (AMDL), which combines the advantages of HLS-based and ADL-based design approaches. It provides an algorithmic-style design entry and in the same time it makes possible to manage the exact register-transfer level structure of the designed system. The article is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a brief overview of concept of high-level synthesis and architecture description languages and presents the HDL representations of the register-transfer level models, which play a considerable role in the hardware synthesis methodologies. Section 3 gives a detailed presentation of a novel hardware modeling language including its scope and objective, language constructs, model structure and design examples. Finally, Section 4 presents a case study consisting of two applicationspecific instruction set processors, which were designed with the proposed design method.


AIM:To investigate the biological characteristics of keratinocytes derived from different parts of the human skin and discuss an optimal seed for the construction of tissue engineered skin.METHODS:The human keratinocytes were harvested from the different parts of human male skin such as foreskin,scalp,trunk and limbs(aged 25-35 years).The keratinocytes were cultured in K-SFM serum free culture medium in vitro.The growth kinetic characteristics were studied by cell growth curve and the 3H-TdR incorporation was employed to measure the DNA metabolism.The cell cycle was determined with flow cytometry.RESULTS:For the DNA metabolism and cell proliferation,there was no clear difference between scalp and foreskin groups(P0.05).The same results were got from trunk and limbs groups(P0.05).The difference was significant between the groups of scalp and foreskin and the groups of trunk and limbs(P0.05).The percentage of cells in S phase of scalp and foreskin groups was much higher than that of trunk and limbs groups.CONCLUSION:It might be better to take the keratinocytes from scalp or foreskin as the seeding cells to construct the tissue engineered skin.


The influence of nanoparticles MgO and SiO2 in epoxy resin on the changes of the time to breakdown and the complex permittivity have been measured. The parameters of internal partial discharges in the cavity of the epoxy resin and its mixtures with nanoparticles by the Galvanic method have been studied. Phase Resolved Partial Discharge Analyzer was used to characterize the partial discharge measurements. Nanoparticles significantly affected on the time of breakdown. The MgO filler had negative and surface treatment of SiO2 filler had a positive influence on time to breakdown. Frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity were measured within the frequency ranges from 1 mHz to 1 MHz by a capacitance method. The 1 wt.% nanoparticles caused the decrease of the complex permittivity. At the measurement of the temperature dependence of the imaginary permittivity and dissipation factor α-polarization was observed.


Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (Tartary buckwheat) is an annual dicotyledonous pseudo cereal of the Polygonate family [1]. It can grow under low input conditions and be adapted to marginal lands with harsh environments [2], and it is cultivated mainly in southern China, northern India, Bhutan, and Nepal [4]. Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn is one of the main minor grain crops and important medicinal crops rich in flavonoids over the world. Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn has a great efficacy to reduce hypoglycemia hypolipidemic, even can be used to support the prevention and treatment of diabetes, high blood fat, hypertension and other diseases because of inutrient— rich and it's rich in flavonoid. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn due to its effects on the yield and quality of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. Starch physicochemical characteristics represent the important parameters of Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn quality.


Mr=304.39, monoclinic, P2Jn, a =7.558(2), b=8.894(3), c=25.256(10)A, fl= 93.86 (4) °, V= 1694 (1) A 3, Z= 4, Dx= 1. 194 (2) g cm -3, 2(Mo Ka) = 0.71069 A, /t = 0.8 cm -1, F(000) = 656, T= 293 K, R = 0.066 for 1518 observed reflections. (4): Mr=405.37, mono- clinic, P2Je, a= 19.269 (4), b=8.995 (2), e= 13.170 (3) A, fl=108.42(2) ° , V=Z166(1)A 3, Z= 4, D x = 1.243 (2) g cm -3, 2(Mo Ka) = 0.71069 ~ /~ = 3.0 cm -~, F(000) = 856, T = 293 K, R = 0.064 for 2237 observed reflections. Both compounds are axial 2-alkoxy-trans- 1-oxadecalins with approximate (+sc,+sc) conformations at the acetal centre. The exocyclic C-OR bond lengths are equal within l a: 1.411 (6) for (3), 1.406 (6)A for (4). These values would not be predicted by extrapolation of our previous linear correlation between bond length and reactivity in axial tetrahydropyranyl acetals (Jones & Kirby (1979). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 288-2891 but are consistent with a Morse function with a substantial linear region.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is seen at a higher frequency in many national and ethnic groups in areas of current or former malaria endemicity. A screening programme undertaken to evaluate the gene frequencies for this deficiency in the highly inbred South Indian population of Karnataka revealed that of the 5140 neonates screened, 7.8% were G6PD deficient with no correlation between the reported level of inbreeding and enzyme deficiency. An interesting finding was the equal number of male (198) and female (207) individuals, with G6PD activity of less than 3 IU. The possible implications of this finding with regard to the expression of G6PD gene is discussed.


The year 1999 was a year of many troubles; there were no natural disasters, but man-made misfortunes came one after the other. And the direct source of these man-made misfortunes was the handling of the Falungong. If it had not been for the Falungong incident, the United States might not have bombed the Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia; and if the government had displayed sufficient toughness when dealing with the embassy bombing incident, Taiwan's Lee Teng-hui would not have jumped on the bandwagon with his "two states theory." As it turned out, when Jiang Zemin began to deal with the embassy bombing with an overly light and casual attitude, Lee Teng-hui believed that his opportunity had arrived. And so, a constant stream of incidents took place one after another in China, starting in the spring of 1999. Objectively speaking, if someone else besides Lee Teng-hui had been in power in Taiwan, that person would also have taken the gamble, as Lee Teng-hui had done. This was a heaven-sent opportunity—and Lee Teng-hui had found Jiang Zemin's weak spot. What better time to make his gambit? And so, Lee Teng-hui's "two states theory" came out in the open.


The protection of human rights is one of the main obligations a state has in order to fulfill its duties. Therefore, the right of freedom of expression shall be protected, especially because it relates directly to the defense of the democratic of a society. Although there are different points of view regarding an issue, especially same-sex marriage, the state is obligated to stay neutral towards public opinions. Consequently, public opinions might end up transforming into hate speech which creates an even larger confrontation within people and the state. This is why, the state must establish fair limits for human rights. Finally, it is essential to understand that promoting tolerance is the most important aspect to safeguard the rights of people to freely speak their minds in order to exercise their right of freedom of speech.


Here we study the expression and influence of IL-10 during murine influenza infection. We find that IL-10 has a minimal impact on the outcome of sub-lethal infection but that IL-10-deficient mice display dramatically increased survival compared to wild-type mice when challenged with lethal doses of virus. Administration of IL-10 receptor blocking antibodies to wild-type mice results in a similar survival advantage. Increased survival in the absence of IL-10 does not correlate with increased cellular responses, or with decreased viral titers but does correlate with improved lung function and increased expression of Th17-associated cytokines during the peak of infection.
 Our studies identify highly activated, lung-resident virus-specific CD4 T cell effectors that co-produce IFNγ as the major source of IL-10 during primary influenza infection and we show that autocrine IL-10 production by responding CD4 T cells is critical in dampening influenza-specific Th17 responses.
 Finally, we show that transfer of virus-specific Th17-polarized CD4 T cell effectors can protect wild-type, B cell-deficient, and T cell-deficient mice against lethal influenza challenge. We further show that Th17-polarized effectors employ novel mechanisms of protection against influenza distinct from previously established modes of protection employed by Th1-polarized CD4 T cells. Our results thus show that production of IL-10 is detrimental during high-dose primary influenza challenge, and furthermore, suggest an unexpected protective role for virus-specific Th17 CD4 T cell effectors.


The initial thicknesses of the original rock layers can be restored by various fish head boudins.Furthermore,we can analyze the linear strain in Z and X axes of the strain ellipsoid of the original rocks by the layer thicknesses.In this article, a method for estimating the viscosity ratios of adjacent competent layers was derived from the Strain Differential Refraction Rheology Gauges.An application trial was made for two specimens of fish head boudins from the Tieshan area,Daye,Hubei province.We obtained the viscosity ratios of two adjacent fish head boudin hornfels layers in marble matrix,which are 3.07 and 0.75,respectively.


Objective To explore the value of heart rate turbulence in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 200 patients who was clinically diagnosed as angina pectoris were divided into CHD group (100 patients) and control group (100 patients) based on the findings of coronary angiography (CAG). All the patients received 24-hour Holter monitoring. Parameters including turbalence onset (TO), turbalence slope (TS), and ST-T change were noted. The sensitivity, specificity,and positive predictive value of TO, TS, and ST-T change for diagnosis of CHD were compared between the two groups. Results TO was equivalent to ST-T change for diagnosis of CHD, but the specificity and positive predictive value of TS were markedly higher than that of ST-T change (97% vs. 62% and 90% vs.63.1%). Conclusions Turbalence onset and turbalence slope can be an new indicator for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and may even have a higher dignostic value than ST-T change.

Key words:
Heart rate turbulence;  ST-T change;  Coronary heart disease


and that equality holds if and only if D is a disk. This isoperimetric inequality is perhaps the most beautiful inequality in geometry. In the hope of generalizing (1) one can ask the following question. Are there any surfaces that satisfy (1)? There are two natural candidates for this question: flat surfaces and minimal surfaces. A flat surface is, by definition, a two-dimensional surface with flat metric. Therefore a flat surface can be obtained from a generalized domain in R with some identifications along the boundary. Then, does every flat surface satisfy the isoperimetric inequality (1.1)? To this very natural question one can easily find a counterexample: a long cylinder. Let ABCD be a rectangle in R. Then identifying the parallel sides AD and BC gives rise to a cylinder. Identifying the sides decreases the circumference of the rectangle, thereby causing the isoperimetric inequality (1.1) to fail if AD is sufficiently longer than AB. Being locally area minimizing and having zero mean curvature, minimal surfaces in R are thought of as generalized planes. Therefore it has long been conjectured that minimal surfaces should satisfy (1.1) as well. In this note we will prove the isoperimetric inequality for some flat surfaces. And we will see how the isoperimetric inequality for some minimal surfaces in R can be derived from that of the associated flat surfaces.


Snehana karma (Oleation therapy) used in the preoperative of shodhana (purification) karma. Generally, sneha is administered in an increasing manner for 3 to 7 days or till the appearance of proper oleation features. Oleation acts in every respect of the processes to bring dosha to koshtha and bring utklesha of the dosha. Oleation therapy is the main preparatory procedure to be performed before purification. Acharya Charaka has described a lot of about snehana karma.
Keywords: Snehana karma, abhyanga karma, oleation therapy, shodhana, panchakrma.


With reference to the recent achivements about the structure, spectra and kinetics of light-harvesting complex (LHC II) in PS Il of higher plants, a four-level model was provided to simulate the energy transfer process from LHC II to the reaction center. On the basis of this model, a set of rate equation was established. Analysis of its algebra solution led to a general picture of energy transfer process in LHC II of higher plants and the strong interaction among pigment molecules in this process. Based on the spectra, kinetics and biological structural data providing some information of energy transfer path and energy dissipation mechanism, it has been found that energy transfer mainly happened between the pigments whose energy level was most closely adjacent, the loss of energy had a close relation to the process of energy transfer and tended to increase with the decrease of energy level. The protective mechanism of antenna system was also discussed.


Most wireless protocols and algorithms proposed in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are evaluated and compared by using simulations. The impacts of various simulation parameters are noticeable. However, the effects of the mobility model do not attract many attentions until recently. The random waypoint (RWP) mobility model, due to its simplicity, is one of the most often deployed mobility models in simulations. But it implicitly introduces many defects such as average speed decaying and un-uniform node distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel mobility model, general ripple mobility model (GRMM), to reduce the above mentioned problems in RWP. Furthermore, GRMM can provide another great feature, diverse average speed (DAS), to generate different average speed mobility patterns easily within the same speed range. Simulation results have shown that GRMM can simultaneously achieve uniform node distribution and diverse average speed


Abstract This essay addresses the unlikely but profound synergy between Arnold Schoenberg and Lou Harrison. Despite their personal rapport and mutual interests in visual art, they held antithetical beliefs about the nature of musical composition. Schoenberg maintained that a composition was the presentation of a metaphysical "Idea." Harrison saw composition as the process of systematically gathering and assembling resources and techniques. After studying with Henry Cowell and Schoenberg, Harrison displayed a fascination with musical resources that led him to compose twelve-tone works using disparate compositional tools. A 1937 piano piece combines Schoenberg's methods of variation with Cowell's and Seeger's techniques of "dissonation." The "Conductus" from the 1942 Suite for Piano, a work inspired by Schoenberg's Suite für Klavier, op. 25, explores all twelve prime forms of the row in light of Cage's square-root form. A nontonal 1944 string quartet ends on a triad like Schoenberg's Ode to Napoleon, op. 41. In the 1950s Harrison rejected the aims of the total-serialist movement and found his own voice in just intonation instead. By the 1980s all vestiges of twelve-tone technique disappeared from his pieces; however, analogous serial techniques resurfaced in his paintings. Thus Harrison retained deep respect for Schoenberg as a composer, teacher, and friend.


S. M. Jia, L. Miao (email@example.com): Applied Technology College, University of Science and Technology of Liaoning, Anshan City, China. C. J. Wu: Sheet design quality division of manufacturing management department of Angang Steel Co., Ltd, Anshan city, Liaoning province, China. D. Xu: College of Materials Science and Engineering, High quality Cold heading steel Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Handan City, China. According to the production practice of 14 tons flat ingot, the influence of heat preservation measures on solidification state of ingot head is analyzed by the software ProCAST. The results show that the heating riser and electromagnetic heating riser delay the cooling of molten steel in the ingot head, but these heating risers have little effect on the temperature of the middle and lower parts of the ingot. Due to the different influence of corner heat transfer, the solidification time of molten steel in wide side is longer than that in narrow side. In comparison, the solidification time of the ingot head with electromagnetic heating riser is the longest.


Objective: To compare the growth curves based on measurements of body weight for male and female infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with those of male and female controls. Methods: The data were drawn from a large case control study of SIDS carried out in New Zealand between 1987 and 1990. Results: The mean birthweight for the cases was 3049 g and for the controls 3526 g. The mean growth curves for the male and female controls were close to the 50th centile of growth charts used in New Zealand. The growth curve for the male cases diverged from that of the controls, being closer to the 25th percentile. The differences between the female cases and controls were less pronounced. The differences in weekly weight increments derived from the curves for the cases and controls for nine 4‐week periods were not statistically significant after taking into account race, manner of feeding and maternal smoking for any 4‐week period. Conclusions: SIDS cases were lighter at birth, but their growth velocity was normal postnatally.


Before the early 20th century, people living in rural areas typically enjoyed better health than those in urban areas. Today, however, a distinct rural health disadvantage is well documented (Cosby et al. 2008; Cossman et al. 2010; James 2014). Explanations for this reversal in the rural-urban health gap vary, but differential access to medical care is often assumed as one possible causal mechanism. In this Statistical Brief, we used data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC), pooled for the years 2014 and 2015, to examine three core measures of ambulatory care access across the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): the percentage of people uninsured, the percentage without a usual source of care, and the percentage reporting unmet need for medical care, dental care, or prescription drugs. Unless otherwise noted, all differences discussed in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better.The Rural-Urban Continuum Codes divide counties into three metropolitan (metro) and six nonmetropolitan (non-metro) categories. In this Brief, metro counties are stratified into the three standard groups based on population of their metro areas (greater than 1 million, between 250,000 and 1 million, and less than 250,000). Non-metro counties are collapsed into four categories based on proximity to a metro county (i.e., "adjacent" versus "non-adjacent" counties1) and two urban population size groups (counties with urban populations of 20,000 people or more and those with fewer than 20,000).


Objective To investigate the effect of Shutangbao on cardiac muscle structure in mice with diabetes mellitus. Methods The mouse models with diabetes mellitus were set up by injecting alloxan in abdominal cavity, after the blood sugar elevating, the mice were treated with Shutangbao orally every other day, one month continuously. At the terminal of the experiments, the mice's blood was collected to measure their blood sugar. The pathology changes of the myocardial slices were observed under optical microscope. Results The blood sugar decreased significantly after taking the medicine in the treatment group and was significantly lower than that in the diabetes group (P0.05); the myocardial vessel injury recovered quickly. Conclusions Shutangbao could protect the myocardial vessels of the mice with diabetes mellitus, and had better effectiveness in treating diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy.


The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of a suggested image compression system. The scheme of the proposed system utilizes Tap 9 /7 wavelet transforms to decompose the image signal, and then uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and uniform quantization; to compress the approximate coefficients. The detail coefficients are coded by hierarchical uniform quantization, and then the original and modified Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) methods were applied on each color band separately. At the end some spatial coding steps were applied on List of Significant Pixels (LSP) like Run Length Encoding (RLE) and Shift Coding to gain more compression. The test results indicate that the modified compression scheme shows a good performance aspect in addition to its simplicity.


The echolocation transmission beam pattern of a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) was measured in the vertical and horizontal planes. A vertical array of seven broadband miniature hydrophones was used to measure the beam pattern in the vertical plane and a horizontal array of the same hydrophones was used in the horizontal plane. The measurements were performed in the open waters of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, with the whale performing a discrimination task. The width of the beams in both planes were similar to those of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and broader than those of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The major axis of the vertical beam was directed slightly downwards between 0° and −5°, in contrast to the +5 to 10° for Tursiops and Delphinapterus. The beam in the horizontal plane was directed forward. Differences in the fatty structure of the melon of Pseudorca, Tursiops, and Delphinapterus could explain differences in the elevation angle of the vertical beam...


Platinum is a widely used electrode material in electrochemistry. For many applications like conductometric and amperometric sensors a high effective surface area over the geometric surface area is desired. This is usually realized by electrodeposition of platinumblack on individual devices. For electrochemical sensors made by thin film technology, such a step is preferably performed on-wafer. Even if galvanic deposition is possible on whole wafer, platinum black is too fragile to sustain the necessary cleaning step after the dicing. In this contribution we have studied alloy formation between aluminum and platinum as a method to increase the surface area. Alloy formation in thin film processing is often subject of concern as it can have disastrous effects on the functioning of the devices. During the processing of electrochemical sensors we were also confronted with the problems of alloy formation between aluminum and platinum. However, we found that when platinum had been in contact with aluminum at relatively mild conditions there was a beneficial effect on the sensors' characteristics. Analysis showed that this was caused by an increase of the surface roughness. In contrast to platinum-black the material is as robust as normal thin film platinum. Thin film layers of platinum and aluminum were subsequently deposited on an oxidized silicon substrate. Platinum thickness was varied while the aluminum thickness kept constant (large excess of aluminum). Anneal temperatures up to 400°C were investigated. After the anneal the remainder of the aluminum was etched away, exposing the Pt/Al alloy. Because of the light-brownish color, and in analogy to platinum-black, the term platinum-brown is introduced. The samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrodes produced according to this method were characterized with cyclic voltammetry. Alloy formation starts at a relatively low temperature of 150°C and should not be performed at temperatures higher than 250°C. At higher temperatures the material becomes resistive and SEM-images reveal the presence of cracks. Roughness factors were determined from the hydrogen desorption region of the cyclic voltammogram. Values as high as high as 50 were observed (ideally smooth polycrystalline platinum having a roughness factor of 1). The cyclic voltammogram of platinum brown is almost exactly the same as of thin film platinum, only now the current is much higher, see Fig. 1 and 2. The chemical resistance was not tested extensively, but seems comparable to normal thin film platinum, while samples annealed at temperatures above 250°C were readily attacked in KOH solutions. EDS analyses on the TEMsamples showed that Al diffuses into the Pt-layer. In Figure 3 a SEM picture is presented of the surface of platinum brown annealed for 23 h at 200°C. For comparison, in Figure 4 the surface of resistive platinumbrown, annealed for 1h25 at 300°C, is presented; cracks can be seen on the surface. Figure 1. Cyclic voltammogram of thin film platinum electrode (1 M H2SO4; vs. Hg/HgSO4; 100 mV/s).


Objective To investigate the clinical effects of mosapride combined with vitamin B1 and bifid triple viable powder in treatment of functional constipation.Methods A total of 120 patients with functional consitpation who were admitted to our hospital between August 2010 and December 2011 were randomly divided into study group and control group.The study group was treated with mosapride combined with vitamin B1 and bifid triple viable powder,while the control group only with mosapride.Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared.Results The cure rate of the study group was 91.67%,with an overall efficacy rate of 98.33%,while it was 76.67% of the control group,with an overall efficacy rate of 86.67%.The cure rate and overall efficacy rate of the study were better than those of the control group.The differences were statistically significant(χ2=5.07,5.89,P0.05).The recurrence rate of the study group was 16.67%,which was significantly lower than the 35.00% of the control group.The difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.26,P0.05).Loose stools occurred in 2 cases in the study group,1 case in the control group.Abdominal pain was found in one case in the control group.The incidence rates of adverse reactions of the two groups showed no significant difference(χ2=0.70,P0.05).The liver and kidney functions were not found abnormal in both groups.Conclusion Mosapride combined with vitamin B1 and bifid triple viable powder is effective in the treatment of functional constipation with lower recurrence rate and more safety.Thus it is worthy of wide clinical application.


The authors have studied, since 1967, the antidepressant effects of lithium carbonate, and the impression was gained that it is effective on depression of a mild or moderate severity.lB The authors have also compared, under double-blind controlled conditions, antidepressant effects of lithium with those of imipramine. Lithium carbonate 150 mg: imipramine 25 mg were used and the antidepressant effects were compared, during five weeks, with the result of no significant defference between two drugs. In other words, about 62% and 80% of the patients improved after three and five weeks of medication, and specific lithium responders were not found from any clinical and bio-genetic points of view. In the lithium treatment, 84% of the patients showed some side effects. Among them dry mouth, fine tremor, polyuria, pollakisuria, and headache were most frequently observed, but they decreased after three weeks of lithium treatment. About 30% of the patients showed anorexia and nausea, which persisted for one to five weeks.li


In order to protect traditional residential buildings effectively,the relationship between protecting traditional residential buildings and improving the living conditions of the residents should be handled correctly.Multiways of protection are introduced.It is thought that the spirit of traditional residential culture should be carried on in the design of modern residential buildings.


A detailed analysis of the dialogue Sophist shows that the distinction between philosopher and sophist sketched there by Plato is possible by tracing a distinction between dialogue and argument , in which the difference between the recourse to appeararice and the demand of objectivity plays an important role. This distinction, on the other hand, is supported by some main ideas of later Plato's ontology.


In this paper we develop the concept of Usage Control (UCON) that encompasses traditional access control, trust management, and digital rights management and goes beyond them in its definition and scope. While usage control concepts have been mentioned off and on in the security literature for some time, there has been no systematic treatment so far. By unifying these three areas UCON offers a promising approach for the next generation of access control. Traditional access control has focused on a closed system where all users are known and primarily utilizes a server-side reference monitor within the system. Trust management has been introduced to cover authorization for strangers in an open environment such as the Internet. Digital rights management has dealt with client-side control of digital information usage. Each of these areas is motivated by its own target problems. Innovations in information technology and business models are creating new security and privacy issues which require elements of all three areas. To deal with these in a systematic unified manner we propose the new UCON model. UCON enables finer-grained control over usage of digital objects than that of traditional access control policies and models. For example, print once as opposed to unlimited prints. Unlike traditional access control or trust management, it covers both centrally controllable environment and an environment where central control authority is not available. UCON also deals with privacy issues in both commercial and non-commercial environments. In this paper we first discuss access control, trust management, and digital rights management and describe general concepts of UCON in the information security discipline. Then we define components of the UCON model and discuss how authorizations and access controls can be applied in the UCON model. Next we demonstrate some applications of the UCON model and develop further details. We use several examples during these discussions to show the relevance and validity of our approach. Finally we identify some open research issues.


The manuscript presents a dataset useful to train machine learning models for LULC mapping and the methods and results it presents are original and sufficiently well explained. However the manuscript would benefit from a clearer focus on the scope and limitations of this training dataset. For instance, both the title and the abstract do not contain 'training' and do not obviously point to the type of data that are presented. Some of the technical choices should be better justified (e.g. why not using the standard Land Cover Classification System as the basis to derive consensus between different land cover and legends; why not including the LCCS-based types from the MODIS land cover; some of the LULC categories are not defined, e.g. broadleaf cropland). The manuscript should more openly discuss the limitations and weaknesses of the dataset including on the methods applied for data validation and on the potential applications of the dataset – for instance it is not immediately obvious if the dataset could support machine learning methods to detect LULC changes with complete transition matrixes. Particularly for the classes with lowest purity – defined as the combined consensus spatially and temporally across products, if would be useful to add to the discussion some insights on what classes cause confusion and reduced consensus. I believe this (ancillary information) may be included as part of classification efforts. This information could be enriched by I recommend the publication of the manuscript after major revision – see my specific comments and suggestions in the attachment.


In this paper, a novel method for the evaluation of the surface fatigue strength of a stainless-steel component is proposed. The use of stainless steel is necessary indeed, whenever a component has to work in a particularly aggressive environment that may cause an oxidation of the component itself. One of the major problems that affect stainless-steel components is the possible wear of the antioxidant film that reduces the antioxidant properties of the component itself. One of the main causes that can lead to wear is related to the surface corrosion that occurs every time two evolving bodies are forced to work against each other. If the antioxidant film is affected by surface fatigue problems, such as pitting or spalling, the antioxidant capacities of this type of steel may be lost. In this context, it is, therefore, necessary to verify, at least, by calculation that no corrosion problems exist. The method proposed in this activity is a hybrid method, numerical-theoretical, which allows to estimate the surface fatigue strength in a very short time without having to resort to finite element models that often are so complex to be in contrast with industrial purposes.


In this article I begin by discussing the persistent problem of relations between educational inequality and the attainment gap in schools. Because benefits accruing from an education are substantial, the 'gap' leads to large disparities in the quality of life many young people can expect to experience in the future. Curriculum knowledge has been a focus for debate in England in relation to educational equality for over 40 years. Given the contestation surrounding views about curriculum knowledge and equality I consider the thinking of two philosophers, Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas, and their work on justice, to trouble the curriculum framework and discourse of knowledge promoted through the policy text of The Importance of Teaching: The Schools White Paper (2010) and later associated policy reforms to the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) curriculum in England. The Schools White Paper aims to make the curriculum more challenging to students by introducing tight controls in terms of the assessment framework and curriculum knowledge. I argue that, when considered through Derrida's perspective on language and meaning and Levinas' view on the ethical responsibility for the other, the reforms present obstacles to the search for a just curriculum. I look to the work of Sharon Todd and Paul Standish for a re-imagination of curriculum as or through relations in the light of Derrida's and Levinas' philosophies.


My first venture in teaching Wordsworth with the help of visual aids came in 1960, when, with an NDEA grant and an active and imaginative English camera man, I collected footage for a half-hour black-and-white sound film--a basic introduction to Wordsworth's life and works, with scenes that included Cocker mouth, Hawkshead, Cambridge, the Simplon Pass (from an old print), Blois, Alfoxden, Tintern, Grasmere, Coleorton, Rydal Mount, Blea Tarn, and the Duddon. Black and white proved surprisingly effective, especially for scenes of vi sionary dreariness, and the results satisfied the Government: tests indicated that viewers learned significantly more factual information from the complete film than from the sound track alone, though (necessarily) the pictures were related only by association, not by direct representation, to the subject matter of the sound track and the test questions based on it. 1


In this paper we will try to represent in mathematical form some of the characteristics of a Post-Fordist economic system. In particular, we will focus on the theory of distribution, and on the role of income. We will try to identify the process that led to the crisis of Fordism by modifiyng the Ricardian framework presented in Pasinetti 1966. Rent in Fordist system of production is linked to the diminishing returns. In Post-Fordist production process we will assume a law of formation of (immaterial) rent related to increasing returns .


An apparatus, comprising: a conductive element, the conductive antenna element is configured to receive and form a non-conductive areas between the conductive member and the base member; and a switch, said switch having a first closed configuration and a second opening configuration, the first closed configuration across the non-conductive area is configured to couple the conductive member to the base member and providing a first electrical current path having a first length and a first resonance frequency, the second open configuration is configured to provide a second current path having a second electrical length and a second resonance frequency, said second resonance frequency lower than the first resonance frequency.


The use of aluminum as matrix material for coatinuous fiber reinforced composites has been investigated for over 20 years, with varying degree of sticcess: industrial applications of these materials remain very limited. This paper describes the development of a practical method of producing new net shape, selectively reinforced, components with good mechanical properties in both unreinforced and fiber containing regions and relates this development to previous work illustrating the potentials and the limitations of continuous fiber reinforced aluminium based composite materials.


To the Editor: Katz et al. [1] should be complimented for a very interesting presentation of a neuromuscular syndrome that has been increasingly recognized in neuromuscular clinics.

We make the following comments. First, from our experience with several patients with a myopathic dropped head syndrome (DHS) who presented with similar clinical and pathologic findings as those noted by Katz et al., there is frequently, in addition to neck extensor weakness, mild weakness of other muscles, especially in the shoulder girdle region. However, because the neck extensor weakness is predominant and so severe, this mild degree of weakness in other muscle groups is frequently difficult to appreciate and may only be demonstrated on quantitative isometric muscle strength …


Using cuttage was conducted the study on drought resistance indications and physiologic reaction of 6 poplar varieties in leaf water,net photosynthate,transpiration rate.The soil moisture content was determined in normal growth,inhibiting growth and death periods.Quantitative evaluation was made for drought resistances of every variety of poplar,which provide scientific basis for spreading anf application of the varieties.


Objective To study the efficacy and mechanisms of blockade of ICOS/B7RP-1 pathway to induce immune tolerance in treatment of rat chronic allograft nephropathy.Methods Orthotopic kidney transplantation was performed following the procedure of Kamada with our modification.All of experimental rats were divided into three groups:group A,isograft group;B,control group(CAN group);C,anti-ICOS antibody group(intraperitoneal injection of anti-ICOS antibody,2 mg/kg twice weekly).The pathological changes were observed at the 4th,8th and 12th week post-transplantation by HE,PAS and Massoa When the transplanted rat survival time exceeded 6 months,CD25 + /CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were tested by using fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis(FACS).The immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect localization and expression of ICOS in transplant kidney and spleen of the recipients.Results The pathological changes of CAN in control group were significant,and the score according to Banff Standards in control group was higher than in other groups.Anti-ICOS treatment led to a significant decrease of chronic rejection lesions.The population of CD25+ /CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in group C(13.5 %)was higher than that in group A(9.1 %)(P<0.05).The expression of ICOS in transplant kidney and spleen of the recipients in group C was down-regulated as compared with group B(P<0.01).Conclusion Blockade of ICOS-B7RP-1 with anti-ICOS-antibody to induce immune tolerance may attenuate remarkably the development of CAN,and the mechanisms may be the redistribution of ICOS in the spleen of recipients and a high population of CD25+ /CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood.

Key words:
ICOS; Chronic allograft nephropathy; Rats


described earlier (5, 6). Cytokines IL-4 and IFN-c released by PBMC in supernatants were measured by ELISA using antibody pairs and standard kits (Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA). The Wilcoxon signedrank test was used for statistical analysis. The PPD priming dose-dependently increased the IFN-c production as measured by both RT-PCR (P,0.05 at 1 and 10 mg/ ml) and ELISA (P,0.01 at 1 and 10 mg/ml) in patients and controls (Fig. 1). The PPD priming decreased the mRNA expression of the Th2 cytokines (IL-4: P,0.01 and IL-13: P,0.05 at 10 mg/ml) and IL-4 production by ELISA (P,0.05 at 10 mg/ml) in patients. The inverse association of mycobacterial infections and atopy has been shown in animal models (4). Our observations on decreased IL-4 and IL-13 responses and increased IFN-c response are in line with these studies, implying that both human and mice cells, in vitro and in vivo, are applicable to testing of Th-cell-modulating properties of microbial components. In SIT, the bene®cial outcome has been associated with induction of Th1 and suppression of Th2 responses (2). The ®rst step in development of microbial adjuvants for intensi®cation of SIT is easily performed by the described in vitro method.


ABSTRACT The main cleanup of an oil spill originating from a late-season oil well blowout in the Beaufort Sea would take place in the spring. It is at this time that the oil trapped in and under th...


Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can give rise to interesting physics, from spin Hall to topological insulators, normally in condensed matter systems. Recently, this topical area has extended into atomic quantum gases in searching for artificial/synthetic gauge potentials. The prospects of tunable interaction and quantum state control promote neutral atoms as nature's quantum emulators for SOC. Y.-J. Lin {\it et al.} recently demonstrated a special form of the SOC $k_x\sigma_y$: which they interpret as an equal superposition of Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings, in bose condensed atoms [Nature (London) \textbf{471}, 83 (2011)]. This work reports an idea capable of implementing arbitrary forms of SOC by switching between two pairs of Raman laser pulses like that used by Lin {\it et al.}. While one pair affects $k_x\sigma_y$ for some time, a second pair creates $k_y\sigma_y$ over other times with Raman pulses from different directions and a subsequent spin rotation into $\pm k_y\sigma_x$. With sufficient many pulses, the effective actions from different durations are small and accumulate in the same exponent despite that $k_x\sigma_y$ and $\pm k_y\sigma_x$ do not commute. Our scheme involves no added complication, and can be demonstrated within current experiments. It applies equally to bosonic or fermionic atoms.


Entertainment television has long been fascinated with violence and murder. This paper examines presentations and explanations of murder in three popular prime-time television justice programs – NYPD Blue, Law and Order, and The Practice – and compares these mediated presentations with images presented by official statistics and established research findings. The potential implications of these television presentations on viewer knowledge and understanding are discussed. The findings suggest that murder is presented fairly accurately such that viewers should come away with a basic understanding of the nature and circumstances surrounding murder, although they are likely to be somewhat misled that violence is common. In addition, the explanations offered for the commission of murder are heavily individualistic, precluding an adequate sociological understanding of murder by ignoring important social factors.


The effects of influent COD and ammonia nitrogen mass concentration on alteroating oxic-anoxic shortcut nitrification-denitrification were studied specially in some experiments carried on a sequencing batch reactor(SBR).The(following) results show that: Real-time control parameters and removal efficiency were not(influenced) by different influent COD and ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in biological nitrogen removal process via(alternating) oxic-anoxic shortcut nitrification-denitrification,and the operation of whole system was stable.However,aeration time was changeable with various COD and ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in influent.More time duration for the nitrification was needed,if ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in influent was much high.Nitrification and denitrification were whole finished because of using real-time control strategies,and ammonia and nitrite were not detected in effluent of SBR.Therefore,it shows that there is strong ability resisting the change of influent COD and ammonia in alternating oxic-anoxic shortcut nitrification-denitrification process,and the system is stable when using real-time control strategies controls the process for nitrogen removal.


Through out the paper, two questions will be answered. The first question is, which are the countries that contribute largely to Taiwan FDI? The second question the paper is going to explore is what are the factors that draw FDI into Taiwan. According to the current literature on FDI in other countries, the determinants of FDI are relative market size, relative labor cost, distance and literacy rate. Three versions of the empirical model were estimated. They are Pooled regression model, Fixed Effect (FE) model, and Random Effect (RE) model. Throughout the three models, the relative market size hypothesis was consistently proved to be a key determinant of FDI in Taiwan.


This study was undertaken to analyse and evaluate the nature and quality of emotional intelligence in learners with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), and to investigate whether their emotional intelligence was enhanced, and whether the symptoms and behaviour of these learners improved, after exposure to a programme on emotional intelligence. Learners with ADD were identified from within a larger group of Grades 4 and 5 learners. The whole group was exposed to a programme on emotional intelligence and the results were examined and compared qualitatively. At the beginning of the study, the learners with ADD displayed an inaccurate appraisal of their emotional intelligence as being at a higher level than that of their peer group. After exposure to a programme on emotional intelligence, these learners were able to accurately appraise their emotional intelligence. The results of this study indicate that the symptoms and behaviour of learners with ADD are improved after exposure to a programme on emotional intelligence. The enhancement of emotional intelligence, therefore, appears to be related to the symptoms and behaviour of learners with ADD. Keywords: Attention Deficit Disorder, emotional intelligence, education and emotional intelligence, PATHS programme


In order to incorporate various writing styles or fonts in a character recognizer, it is critical that a large amount of labeled data is available, which is difficult to obtain. In this work, we present a semi-supervised SVM based framework that can incorporate the unlabeled data for improvement of recognition performance. Existing semi supervised learning methods for SVMs work well only for two-class problems. We propose a method to extend this to large-class problems by incorporating a participation term into the optimization process. The proposed system uses a Decision Directed Acyclic Graphs (DDAG) of SVM classifiers, which have proven to be very effective for such recognition problems. We present experimental results on three different digits dataset with varying complexity, as well as additional multi-class datasets from the UCI repository for comparison with existing approaches. In addition we show that approximate annotations at the word or sentence level can be used for evaluation as well as active learning to further improve the recognition results.


5G has been widely deployed, and more key technologies of 5G are in the process of being standardized. It plays an important role in promoting the aspects of the internet of vehicles, smart homes, etc. However, due to its limitations, 5G technology cannot meet the technical requirements of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), smart industry, intelligent traffic system (ITS), and other new application scenarios in the 2030s. A large number of technology researches and standard studies about 6G have also been proposed. The potential technologies of 6G, such as reflecting surface (IRS) and Terahertz (THz), are proposed to solve the current constraints of 5G. This comprehensive study will explain the evolution process of wireless communication networks from the first to the sixth generation and compare the key performance indicators between 4G, 5Gand 6G. Moreover, we will introduce some main application scenarios of 5G and 6G and some key technologies of 5G and 6G.


In two earlier papers dealing with the hyperfine structures in the spark spectrum of iodine (Part I (Tolansky 1935) and Part III (Tolansky and Forester 1938)), the partial analysis of a large number of lines has been reported. The basis of the analysis made in Part III was the multiplet classification given by Lacroute (1935), according to which the lines reported in Parts I and III belong largely to the (4S) and (2D) systems, intercombinations being rare. If this classification is correct, certain anomalies arise in the interpretation of the hyperfine structures, as already discussed in Part III.


of the complete health data recording plan, facilitating not only efficient working in the pathology department, but also active collaboration with the different departments in the hospital, as well as other allied health institutions and primary care centers. Promoting an appropriate use of the existing health IT standards on data representation and messaging, coding and communication [Health Level Seven (HL7), Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM)] is the main goal of the Integrating Healthcare Enterprise initiative. Open groups lead all these initiatives, where pathologists are most welcome. These standards will define, in fact, the pathology imaging, the data workflow and the overall tracking for all types of samples, from gross specimens and tissue sections to flow cytometry, and genomics and other -omics. Unfortunately, the number of pathologists who participate in these International groups is still very low. There is a lot of work to do in standardization, not only from the IT side (e.g. display resolution or color calibration), but also from the pathology side (specimen processing, sectioning, staining and, of course, interpretation). All these aspects should be addressed if we plan to validate the image processing and the machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis systems [3] . Meanwhile, new image pattern recognition and classification methods and multiplexing (the ability to show Pathologists have always been open to incorporate the most efficient technologies to conduct their responsibilities in diagnosis, research and education. The conventional light microscope has played a pivotal role in pathology for more than a century. However, the introduction of digital pathology, frequently referred to as whole-slide imaging (WSI), is rapidly changing this scenario. These terms, that encompass a major change in the area, emerged in the medical literature at the beginning of the 21st century [1, 2] associated with the advent of the WSI scanners. The concept of digital pathology refers to the use of information technology (IT) in pathology aiming to support the creation, processing, analysis, sharing and exchange of information, including images and data. This single topic issue contains a number of reviews and original papers dealing with WSI, image analysis, 3D imaging and data management. One of the most frequently cited concepts in this issue is 'integration', since nowadays the success of any digital pathology initiative can only be guaranteed if all the necessary components of the project are considered in conjunction and all of them are fully interoperable. The basic components of a WSI system are slide scanners able to create digital reproductions from whole glass slides, connected to the laboratory information system. However, Bueno et al. [3] remind us that digital pathology is not only connecting scanners to the laboratory information system. Instead, a WSI system should be a part


The complete radiometric analysis of a fluorescent opaque sample is described. Conventionally, the spectral analysis of reflected radiation from a non-fluorescent opaque object is made by comparing the radiation reflected from the sample under study, with that from a near-perfect reflecting diffuser, dispersing the radiation either before or after reflection. This approach using one monochromator cannot provide a complete analysis of the radiometric properties of a fluorescent substance. The NPL Spectrofluorimeter described here has been developed to tackle this problem. The instrument uses two monochromators to enable the fluorescent radiation to be separated from the reflected radiation and to allow the spectral distribution of fluorescent emission to be studied, for a given excitation. Three types of spectrofluorimetric measurement are possible enabling the sample to be characterized in terms of a set of radiance factors, or in terms of its excitation and emission spectra, and permitting the behaviour of the sample under any stated illuminant to be predicted.


Consideration of objects of various fields of knowledge has shown that isomerism is a general scientific concept. Examples illustrating its manifestation in heterogeneous equilibria thermodynamics and chemical technology are given.


A single-stage electrostatically focused image intensifier with fibre-optic windows (Mullard type XX 1050) is used as a preamplifier of light produced in the X-ray phosphor and is lens-coupled to a four-stage magnetically focused image intensifier (EMI type 9694). This system combines good light-collection efficiency with high sensitivity for detection of weak diffracted X-ray beams. It makes possible the viewing by standard television equipment of moving X-ray lattice moire interference fringes produced by the superposition of separate but simultaneously Bragg-reflecting crystals.


The Cooking of History presents a complex, erudite portrait of the making of ''Afro-Cuban religion'' over the last three centuries as an object of study and a religious ''tradition'' by a host of social agents—religious experts, anthropologists, journalists, state agents—driven by variously situated agendas, entitlements, dislocations, and relocations. These agendas are masterfully traced by Stephan Palmié, allowing readers to follow the convoluted genealogies of the study and practice of Afro-Cuban religion. He shows how these genealogies have emerged by distinctively highlighting the role of Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States as well as their respective imaginaries in shaping the labor of expert practitioners-cum-entrepreneurs and anthropologists-cum-practitioners. In this process, Palmié has also considerably raised the bar of reflexivity in the fields of history, anthropology, and social theory. One of the more potent imaginaries engaging these various actors in their shared debates, wars, alliances, and competitions in this book is the idea of ''origins.'' African, Africanity, and Africanization or rather Yorubanization, and Cuban or Cubanness appear as key modifiers and players in these arguments. They appear and disappear in Palmié's account as productive fata morganas that reflect on and shape the racial/ethnic politics of and for culture and religion. Of all the actors in this process, Palmié concedes that religious practitioners are vital to the cookery, both aware of, and partners in, the constructions of Afro Cuban religion, ''though their predicaments are somewhat different than ours'' (7). Indeed, the audience for Palmié's narrative seems to be fellow historians and anthropologists, given the prescriptive subtitle ''How Not to Study AfroCuban Religion'' and the frequent use of ''we'' and ''our'' in describing the ethnographic interface with religious practices throughout the text. No doubt I've been interpellated as an anthropologist who has produced historical and


This paper focuses on the tracking control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with consideration of both time-varying input delay and output constraints. By introducing an auxiliary signal, which is based on the finite integral of the past control values in the design procedure, an adaptive controller is proposed to compensate for the effect of input delay and to handle various uncertainties. Meanwhile, an asymmetric time-varying barrier Lyapunov function is employed in the controller design to ensure the output constraint satisfaction. The stability analysis utilizing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals reveals that the proposed adaptive controller guarantees a uniformly ultimately bounded tracking performance and the time-varying output constraints are never violated. Two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


This paper reports on experiments in which high-energy (65.35 keV) X-rays were used to record the detailed diffuse diffraction patterns of a number of ceramic materials. The methodology has enabled a greater q-range to be explored (up to sintheta/lambda approximately 0.97) than is possible with laboratory-based experiments, with better q-space resolution and increased sensitivity, thus allowing previously unseen detail in diffraction patterns to be recorded. In all, 11 sections of data have been collected for Ca-CSZ, eight for Y-CSZ and six for wüstite.


In Today's world there is an availability of "always-on" communication which shows how people have tremendous interest in interacting socially. In particular sociologist has a question whether there is any access of face-to-face interaction through Bluetooth which may increases or decreases the access in smart phones. Previously a process triangulation was used which used to search for a definite position i.e. if the person are in proper distance or not? Furthermore complications arise by the fact that whether we can increase the distance from (1-1.5m) to wide variety of distance. GPS and Wi-Fi were the existing approaches which failed to encounter the requirement of elasticity and accurateness. In this paper the proposed system is an estimation model to determine the distance between the different environments using RSSI value of Bluetooth. Just like" We Chat" app in smart phones we can search friends in and around 10m and have a face-to-face interaction without the help of Internet. Even using the proximity estimation you can lock your computer when we go out. It locks on one of your Bluetooth devices which are paired to the machine. When you walk away from the computer the device automatically gets disconnected and the computer is locked after a timeout.


The invention concerns compounds of formula (I) wherein: R1 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a CF3 group; R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; n and n' each independently represent 0 or 1;* represents the binding positions; A represents N or CH; X represents a sulphur or oxygen atom; R4 and R5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a (C1-C6) alkyl group, as well as their salts or solvates. The invention also concerns a method for preparing said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.


Coal gangue recognition of top coal caving is one of the important links in the process of intelligent coal mine construction. However, the recognition accuracy of this technology in practical application is still challenging, because the recognition model is not perfect in the following aspects: 1) the filtering scale is not suitable for signal noise reduction;, 2) the selected features have no obvious difference in vibration signals of coal and gangue; and 3) the overall relevance of the model input data to the target classification is insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to establish a coal gangue recognition model with effective filtering, feature extraction and classification capabilities, which can adaptively carry out purposive feature extraction while retaining relevant information to improve the recognition accuracy. Firstly, hierarchical filtering (HF) method was proposed. Secondly, an effective information correlation fusion based coal gangue recognition model (EICF-coal gangue recognition model) was established by coupling wrapper feature selection method and recognition algorithm. Then, 2223 groups of vibration impact tests were carried out on the coal gangue mixture with gangue content of 0 to 50%, and two kinds of coal gangue recognition sample sets of "caving category" and "shutdown category" were established. Finally, coal gangue recognition experiments were carried out on 9 hierarchical filter sample sets by coupling wrapper and 5 recognition algorithms. Under the combined effect of the HF method, wrapper feature selection method and Stacking, coal gangue recognition accuracy reaches 99%. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the EICF-coal gangue recognition model.


A superhydrophobic surface with self-cleaning properties can be fabricated with a combination of both low surface energy and the proper surface roughness. In this paper, the possible effects of structural parameters of weft knitted fabrics were applied to produce surface roughness while a fluorocarbon compound was coated on the surface in order to generate low surface energy. In addition, to create dual surface roughness on the polyester fibers, chemical etching with alkaline hydrolysis and application of nanoparticles were investigated. The water repellency of the treated samples was evaluated by 3M, tilting angle and contact angle hysteresis. Comparison of a smooth polyester film and the knitted fabrics showed that various knitted structures and stitch densityhad a great effect on superhydrophobicity. Polyester alkaline hydrolysis efficiently roughened the surface and after the fluorocarbon coating, remarkable improvement in repellent properties was observed. Thus, there was no necessity to use nanoparticles.


2. Surfaces, categorized as sky-plane, floor-plane, wall plane, and miscelaneous, are recorded by photo-tracings. Sky and floor planes generally indicate only the silhouette-form. Wall planes (generally building facades), show the major surface quality – window pattern, cornice lines, or shadows. The size – analysis of the surfaces is by percentage (roughly estimated) of the total photo-print field occupied, in each of the above categories.


The impact of User Generated Content (UGC) on higher-education marketing is an entirely untouched area of marketing research, therefore the current study aims to better understand how widely disseminated this content is among students, how they perceive this content and its impact upon their university, as well as what kinds of students are drawn to participate in and consume this content. A sample of 238 university students at a large public institution were surveyed regarding their engagement with UGC content associated with their school, the reasons for their interest in this content, and the ways in which it may effect their perception of the institution.


We analyse the existent methods of cryptographic defence for the facsimile information transfer, consider their shortcomings and prove the necessity of better information protection degree. The method of information protection that is based on presentation of input data as images is proposed. We offer a new noise-immune algorithm for realization of this method which consists in transformation of an input frame by pixels transposition according to an entered key. At decoding mode the reverse transformation of image with the use of the same key is used. Practical realization of the given method takes into account noise in the transmission channels and information distortions by scanners, faxes and others like that. We show that the given influences are reduced to the transformation of the input image coordinates. We show the algorithm in detail and consider its basic steps. We show the possibility of the offered method by the means of the developed software. The realized algorithm corrects curvature of frames: turn, scaling, fallout of pixels and others like that. At low noise level (loss of pixel information less than 10 percents) it is possible to encode, transfer and decode any types of images and texts with 12-size font character. The software filters for information restore and noise removing allow to transfer fax data with 30 percents pixels loss at 18-size font text. This percent of data loss can be considerably increased by the use of the software character recognition block that can be realized on fuzzy-neural algorithms. Examples of encoding and decryption of images and texts are shown.


Real-time, wideband (>1 GHz) analog signal processing is experimentally demonstrated utilizing electro-optical devices and spectrally selective optical materials. Broadband signals are processed directly at S-band and X-band carrier frequencies without any down conversion.


Management of waste from hospitals, other health care facilities and health-related research laboratories, is not a new issue now, it has gained increased attention in recent years. There are certain issues which are not given weightage in due course of development. The world is now facing the problem of environment pollution, which is now a major issue. They have created the problems which may lead to the very human existence. One of these issues is bio medical waste which should not be ignored now. Unfortunately, the management procedures and practices in many Asian countries the facilities, mentioned those in other, do not have an appropriate methodology. Having recognized the need for improvement already in the late 1970s, particularly with respect to the hazardous component of the waste, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe has convened a special working group of experts to prepare a short manual of good practice, conducted training courses at the request of national health authorities, supported and cosponsored conferences and, in co-operation with other organizations concerned, is planning to prepare and publish a handbook for worldwide use. These laid down the very first impression of the handling the waste generated by the hospitals.


In this paper,design and development of comfort woven fabric are discussed.Plain and twill weave mixed fabric is designed and developed by use of PTT and moisture absorbing and sweat releasing fiber yarn.Properties of the fabric such as elastic recovery,crease softness,absorption,moisture permeability,absorbency and quick drying property were tested and analyzed.The result shows: Fabric of comfort stretch and better moisture absorbing and sweat releasing can be developed by use of PTT and moisture absorbing and sweat releasing fiber to meet comfort dressing requirement of consumers.


The concept of quality of social services may have different meanings. The paper deals with the meanings in the European Union. The text contains an overview of the activities of European networks and projects and a view into the preparing document Voluntary quality framework for social services. The conclusion assesses the appropriateness of this concept for the Czech Republic.


Regularization by denoising (RED) is a widely-used framework for solving inverse problems by leveraging image de-noisers as image priors. Recent work has reported the state-of-the-art performance of RED in a number of imaging applications using pre-trained deep neural nets as denoisers. Despite the recent progress, the stable convergence of RED algorithms remains an open problem. The existing RED theory only guarantees stability for convex data-fidelity terms and nonexpansive denoisers. This work addresses this issue by developing a new monotone RED (MRED) algorithm, whose convergence does not require nonexpansiveness of the deep denoising prior. Simulations on image deblurring and compressive sensing recovery from random matrices show the stability of MRED even when the traditional RED diverges.


Objective: It has been proposed that neutrophil infiltration and free radicals may be the important prime events that lead to gastric mucosal damage induced by meloxicam (Melox). Enzymatic antioxidants (catalase CAT or superoxide dismutase SOD) and intercellular adhesion molecule (anti-CDIIa or anti-ICAM-1) acts as a potent antioxidant, and is capable of preventing neutrophil infiltration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of free radicals and neutrophils infiltration in acute gastric damage induced by the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug; meloxicam. Methods: Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups (8 rats for each group):- group 1: normal control group; groups 2, 3 & 4: Melox groups that received 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg B.W., respectively; groups 5 & 6: Melox/anti-ICAM-1 and Melox/anti-CDIIa treated groups, respectively at i.v. dose of 1mg/Kg B.W. 1 h before Melox oral administration (20mg/Kg B.W.); groups 7 & 8: Melox groups that pre-received SOD and CAT at s.c. dose of 5000 U/Kg B.W., respectively, 30 min before Melox administration; groups 9 &10: Melox groups that received oral dose of 20mg/Kg B.W. SOD and CAT inhibitors (diethylthiocarbamate DTC & 3-aminotriazole 3-AT, respectively), 1 h prior to Melox administration. Gastric mucosal injury (lesion index), lipid peroxidation expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, SOD level, CAT level and glutathione concentration (GSH) were measured and compared between the groups. Results: Oral administration of Melox caused acute gastric erosions and an increase in MPO activity and gastric TBARS content. It also decreased SOD activity and GSH level. Preadministration of CAT, SOD or anti-cellular adhesion molecules significantly restored all the changes near to the control values. The linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between different Melox doses and the extent of gastric lesion index, MPO activity and TBARS levels. However, a negative correlation between Melox doses and GSH was noticed. Conclusion: The decrease in both SOD and CAT activity and the depletion of mucosal GSH contributed to the pathogenesis of Melox-induced gastric mucosal damage. Furthermore, the decrease in antioxidant activity and changes in glutathione homeostasis in gastric mucosa may also responsible for the pathogenesis of Melox-induced gastric injury. It can also be concluded that, Melox causes gastric lesion in rats that was attributed to neutrophil infiltration as evident by elevation in MPO activity. Therefore, we propose that further merit studies be performed to demonstrate clearly the advantages of preferential or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors versus other NSAIDs.


Gallium Arsenide alloy has been grown successfully by single zone computerized furnace. The grown alloy have been crushed and deposited on glass substrate by flash evaporation technique with substrate temperature of 473 K, the film thickness was about 340 nm, the films annealed at 573 K for different duration times of annealing in the range of 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The experimental percentage concentrations of Gallium and Arsine are 0.48 and 0.52 respectively. X-ray diffraction spectra show that the as deposited film was amorphous. Amorphous film has the highest value of activation energy and the electrical conductivity, which they decreased after increasing duration times of annealing. Thermoelectric power measurements show that all prepared films are n-type. Thermal energy has decreased by increasing the duration times of annealing. The smallest value achieved by amorphous film. The hopping energy increased by increasing the duration times of annealing and the highest value has achieved by amorphous film.


effect of the WBC count. In both cases, complications occurred with the development of marked WBC count elevations a few days after initiating the cytokine treatment in clinically well individuals. These cases suggest that an acute elevation in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte count can promote acute sickle cell complications. Alternatively or additionally, G-CSF–induced changes in granulocyte function, such as increased adhesiveness, might have played a major pathogenic role in the above cases since leukocyte adhesion appears to contribute to the pathophysiology of sickle cell vaso-occlusion.7 Thus, in the absence of infection, dehydration, or other clinically important conditions, a large number of adherent polymorphonuclear leukocytes might have precipitated the fatal vaso-occlusive event described above. The present case supports the concept that granulocytes play, or can play, an important role in acute complications of sickle cell disease. The importance of granulocyte number, versus functional characteristics, remains unknown, but understanding the role of granulocytes in acute sickle cell events might provide insights for new therapeutic intervention in this disease. Pending a better understanding of the pathophysiology of vasoocclusion, patients with sickle cell disease should receive G-CSF with great caution. Brian K. Adler, Donna E. Salzman, Matthew H. Carabasi, William P. Vaughan, Vishnu V. B. Reddy, and Josef T. Prchal


In the case of Tiffany company prosecuting eBay company,The base,in which the court of US judges that the network service provider should undertakes the trademark assisting tortuous liability,has reasonable learning ability,namely it knew or knew more about the infringing act of the third side in detail,and not only there is the infringing act learned in general.If it knew or knew about and continued to provide the service for provider then it should undertake the tortuous liability.Otherwise it is unnecessary to undertake the tortuous liability.But it has a mind to turn a blind eye for the infringing act of the third side then it should still undertake the tortuous liability.The judging of case results in important effects for network trade development of US.At present,there is the difference between tortious liability undertaking in network service provider of our country.This adjudicate has a certain mirror significance for our country.


Vives rejects poetry and fiction involved because they are contrary to the truth. However he frequently uses fiction to accomplish different aims, such as attracting the attention of the disciples, or presenting directly and plastically ideological schemes of some difficulty, or discrediting more deeply those he has censored. Perhaps by means fiction Vives gives out too his humor sense, and satisfies his desire for mere literary creation.