Abstract The objective was to determine the effect of liming on the net ammonification and nitrification in the field of 26 acid soils during the first year after application. The soils ranged from pH 4.4 to 6.0 and were limed to a target pH of 6.7. The 26 sites were located in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Soils were limed in the spring, fallowed and sampled in the next spring. The content of NH4 +‐N plus NO3 ‐‐N in the 0–15 cm layer of the non‐limed treatments varied from 6 to 48 Hg/g (average of 26), while the limed treatment varied from 14 to 89 μg/g (average of 40). The increase in ammonification was negatively related to soil pH and positively related to soil total N (R=0.66**). The proportion of NH4 +‐N in the mineral‐N varied among the non‐limed samples, but it was not related to soil pH. The same was true among the limed samples. This field study suggests that for at least a year after liming both the increase of mineral‐N, and variation in nitrification, may complicate crop behavior...


The past decade has witnessed an explosion of information regarding the role of the central nervous system in the development of obesity and the influence of peripheral, hormonal signals that modulate CNS regulation of energy homeostasis. A Journal of Physiology Symposium held in Washington, DC in association with the 2007 Experimental Biology meeting focused on recent work defining central neural mechanisms that mediate ingestive behaviour and the central effects of peripheral hormonal signals that modulate feeding. A crowd estimated at 500 was treated to a series of talks by leaders in the field who discussed state-of-the-art data and models regarding the brain as an initiator of obesity and as a target organ of peripheral feedback signals that regulate feeding behaviour.

The opening speaker, Dr Barry Levin, provided a very informative and entertaining overview of his work that some obesity-prone individuals have an inborn reduction in their ability to sense and respond to inhibitory signals from adipose stores and other organs which ordinarily limit their intake of energy when in excess of metabolic needs (see Levin, 2007). Furthermore, the physiological processes which drive all of us to seek and ingest food and limit energy expenditure during periods of negative energy balance provide an irresistible drive to regain lost adipose stores in weight-reduced obese individuals. This provides a potential basis for the well-recognized difficulty of maintaining weight loss. For this reason, prevention of obesity and the identification of factors that promote the development of neural pathways which enhance the sensitivity to negative feedback signals from the periphery should be a major focus of research.

Dr Mary Dallman spoke next and presented a very interesting and compelling case for peripheral signals, specifically glucocorticoids and insulin, as modulators of the central pathways that regulate ingestive behaviour (see Dallman et al. 2007). Glucocorticoids act primarily in a feed-forward fashion on brain to activate CNS pathways that implement wanting appropriate to physiological needs. Thus, depending on the available conditions, elevated glucocorticoids may augment the behavioural desire to run, fight or feed. Although glucocorticoids stimulate intake of chow, fat and sucrose, insulin appears to sculpt calorie-associated desires toward foods high in fat, acting through hepatic branch afferents of the vagus nerve. Conditions of reduced food allowance and chronic stress excite glucocorticoid-augmented central neural networks that may ultimately lead toward ultimate abdominal obesity. This provides a potential link between stress and obesity.

Dr Gregory Morton presented a creative use of gene targeting and viral gene therapy to rescue leptin-receptors in the arcuate nucleus of Koletsky rats that lack leptin receptor protein (see Morton, 2007). Growing evidence suggests that hypothalamic areas that respond to a variety of peripheral signals regulate food intake, energy expenditure and endogenous glucose production. Therefore, in response to a reduction in energy stores or circulating nutrients, the brain initiates responses in order to promote positive energy balance to restore and maintain energy and glucose homeostasis. In contrast, in times of nutrient abundance and excess energy storage, key hypothalamic areas activate responses to promote negative energy balance (i.e. reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure) and decreased nutrient availability (reduced endogenous glucose production). Accordingly, impaired responses or 'resistance' to afferent input from these hormonal or nutrient-related signals would be predicted to favour weight gain and insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Finally, Dr Steven Heymsfield reviewed the development program for MK-0557, a highly selective and potent antagonist of the NPY5 receptor by the Merck Research Laboratories. About one decade ago it became clear that the neuropeptide Y-5 receptor is involved in food intake regulation, with agonism increasing intake. Merck launched an intensive programme leading to the discovery of MK-0557 (an NPY5R antagonist). The successful preclinical work was followed by PET and pharmacokinetic studies in humans that supported safety and receptor occupancy. A short-term positive proof of concept weight loss study then led to a large long-term series of clinical trials which ultimately demonstrated that the antagonist resulted in minimal weight loss. Many lessons in neurobiology and drug development can be learned from this progression of studies.

The overall goal is that the understanding of how and why certain individuals gain weight and the central mechanisms that make it difficult to sustain weight loss might lead to therapeutic potential to prevent the process, rather than deal with its consequences in already obese individuals. Insights into the central neural networks that regulate food intake and how these networks are modulated provide a very promising avenue towards achieving these goals.


Abstract The purpose of the present research is to investigate model mixed boundary value problems (BVPs) for the Helmholtz equation in a planar angular domain Ω α ⊂ ℝ 2 {\Omega_{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{R}^{2}} of magnitude α. These problems are considered in a non-classical setting when a solution is sought in the Bessel potential spaces ℍ p s  ( Ω α ) {\mathbb{H}^{s}_{p}(\Omega_{\alpha})} , s > 1 p {s>\frac{1}{p}} , 1 < p < ∞ {1<p<\infty} . The investigation is carried out using the potential method by reducing the problems to an equivalent boundary integral equation (BIE) in the Sobolev–Slobodečkii space on a semi-infinite axis 𝕎 p s - 1 / p  ( ℝ + ) {\mathbb{W}^{{s-1/p}}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})} , which is of Mellin convolution type. Applying the recent results on Mellin convolution equations in the Bessel potential spaces obtained by V. Didenko and R. Duduchava [Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 443 2016, 2, 707–731], explicit conditions of the unique solvability of this BIE in the Sobolev–Slobodečkii 𝕎 p r  ( ℝ + ) {\mathbb{W}^{r}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})} and Bessel potential ℍ p r  ( ℝ + ) {\mathbb{H}^{r}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{+})} spaces for arbitrary r are found and used to write explicit conditions for the Fredholm property and unique solvability of the initial model BVPs for the Helmholtz equation in the non-classical setting. The same problem was investigated in a previous paper [R. Duduchava and M. Tsaava, Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in arbitrary 2D-sectors, Georgian Math. J. 20 2013, 3, 439–467], but there were made fatal errors. In the present paper, we correct these results.


Designing parcel experiment structures for field experiments is labour and time consuming. By planning parcel experiments on the PC, labour requirements are reduced considerably. Furthermore, information available from other PC applications can be incorporated. Digital planning data are the basis for automating the experimental facility. On the one hand they can be used to guide the tractor with the plot drill using automatic steering systems. On the other hand, starting seeding at the beginning of a parcel can be triggered by the electronic control system.


There were investigated the features of the course of bronchial asthma in the patients with burdened allergic anamnesis with different Arg16Gly genotypes of the β2-adrenergic receptors gene. The analysis of the association of polymorphisms of investigated genes with features of allergic anamneses was conducted and it was found a correlation dependence of IgE level from concomitant allergic pathologies. During the study it was found the prevalence of Arg / Gly (42.57 %) heterozygous option and Gly / Gly (43.56 %) homozygous option of ADRβ2 receptor gene, and also it was confirmed the impact of burdened allergic anamnesis on the realization of asthma in children.


A new method is developed for allocating the changing use of skills among final demand growth, trade and technological change. In a multi-sector framework the skills content of intermediate and capital goods purchased is captured through input-output data. Technological change is measured through the changing use of labour, within the sector and in its purchased inputs. Three skill levels are identified from detailed occupations. Domestic demand growth (employment-creating) and technological change (labour-saving) both show marked skill-bias. The effects of trade are small. Most strikingly, the services sector generates high-skilled even more than low-skilled jobs, and new employment through supply chains. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.


Innovation is a change that unlocks new value. It is a saying that a need is pre-requisite of innovation. Now-a-days a need is originated by the biggest force called competition. Competition left you no choice other than going for innovation. It may be any form like product strategy, marketing strategy or may be in any business operation. Innovation can easily quantifiable in product or manufacturing industry, it is proving it by giving modified product, new versions of basic model or altogether new concept. Product innovation goes hand in hand with technology. Service sector has good scope to bring innovation in practice, but the real challenge is to maintain it for long time and even not imitable. In tourism, innovation can be translated into two broad categories; one can find new places or re-positioning of the old one. But in tourism the new wave is by the farmers. Here farmers have played the role of innovators. They have not found new places, not even re-positioned any monument or historical place. They have made an extra use of available resources they have. The research carried out to find out the need and acceptability of the innovation in tourism named as 'agri-tourism' The author has narrated the new practice in tourism by two case studies along with empirical research to know its acceptance. The samples chosen are the visitors of agri-tourism places nearby Pune city area, the number of sample is 150.


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a preservative size of the head tube, including the size of the first production, sandblasting, the outer size of the first anti-rust treatment, the size of the first inner processing, outer coating, test storage step, according to this manufacturing method of processing out of the tube beautiful appearance, as products, a high internal stability of the size of the head structure, can be more resistant to chemical erosion of media, can be waterproof outer layer, rust prolonged 2-3 times, the life of the tube, the tube connecting convenient, safe, environmental pollution, but also in the improvement of existing manufacturers, without adding equipment, economical and practical, to promote strong, suitable for mass production.


This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: February 5, 2018, Accepted: February 9, 2018 *Corresponding Author: Basavraj Nagoba https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-3777 Tel: +91-09423075786, Fax: +91-02382-227246, E-mail: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0017 • Korean J Fam Med 2019;40:278-279


In this paper we present a tilting micro mirror with a large mirror surface of up to 2.5 mm x 1.0 mm and a large rotation angle of +/- 10° as needed for optical projection displays. The mirror is driven by vertical comb-drive actuators which are realized by a combination of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and a buried mask to provide selfalignment of the stator and rotor fingers in a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. Measurement results are shown for various realized mirror designs.


The utility model relates to a foundation ditch with concealed columns and soil-nailing support, which aims at solving the problems that the displacement of the foundation ditch side slope top is large and the supporting force of the soil-nailing wall panel is weak when the foundation ditch is dug in the soft soil area of the urban area, and comprises a ditch body which is dug on a foundation andis surrounded by side slopes, wherein concealed columns are arranged on the side slope body in the longitudinal direction, and concrete nails are arranged on the side slopes in the transverse direction; the concealed columns are of a perforated mudjack pile, and the perforated mudjack pile is formed by throwing break stones into a reinforcing steel bar cage and then pressing in cement grout; the reinforcing steel bar cage adopts a threaded reinforcing steel bar as a main bar, reinforced bars are arranged along the length direction, and a helical hoop bar is arranged outside the main bar; the top part of the concealed column is provided with a crown beam; a rod body of the concrete snail adopts a steel pipe which is divided into three sections; the front end which is one third of the steelpipe and the middle part which is one third of the steel pipe are respectively and fixedly connected with a threaded steel to be used as an agnail, and a grout filling eye is drilled on the front end;and the agnail is arranged in a helical way. The foundation ditch is applicable to the support of the foundation ditch which is formed and dug on the soft soil stratum in the urban area.


We study the polarized parton distribution functions (PPDFs) from recent experimental data at the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximation in the fixed-flavor number scheme. In this analysis, we can compare our results with experimental data such as very recent COMPASS data. It would be very worth to study the PPDFs parametrization form when we want to use this new COMPASS data in QCD analysis on polarized proton structure and parton distribution functions.


Using a unique data set on companies' defaults provided by a consortium of 31 banks, this paper gives new insights into the determinants of the workout-loss-given-default (W-LGD): losses based on the cash flows observed between the default and the resolution times.As between 1997 and 2010, 18% of defaulted facilities involved no losses; we develop a logistic model to study the likelihood of incurring or not a loss. We find that pre-default variables (borrowers' and facilities' characteristics) are main drivers. Then, through multivariate regressions based on the whole sample and the sample restricted to the loans with non-zero LGDs, we discover the prevalent effects of post-default factors (factors that occur after the default).We explain W-LGDs by means of: the degree of redeployability/liquidity of companies' assets, conflicts of interest between (un)coordinated banks and their borrowers, bank strategic (re)actions when they draw their loan contracts and the impact of macroeconomic conditions. We find evidence that W-LGD is pro-cyclical.


Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate physicochemical properties of protein concentrate from skipjack tuna roe by a cook‐dried (boiled or steamed‐dried) process, and to evaluate their food functional properties. The yields of boil‐dried concentrate (BDC) and steam‐dried concentrate (SDC) prepared from skipjack tuna roe were 22.4 for BDC and 24.4% for SDC. Their protein yields were 16.8 and 18.4%, respectively. In terms of major minerals of the BDC and SDC, sulfur (853.2 and 816.6 mg/100 g) exhibited the highest levels followed by potassium, sodium and phosphorus. The prominent amino acids of roe protein concentrates (RPCs) were Glu, Asp, Leu and Val. The BDC and SDC showed a higher buffer capacity than egg white (EW) at the pH‐shift range. The pH‐shift treatment significantly improved the water holding capacities of RPCs, except pH 6. But they had a low solubility across the pH‐shift range. The foaming capacities (104%–119%) of BDC and SDC were significantly lower than those of EW (p < .05), and their foam stabilities were not observed. Emulsifying activity index (m2/g protein) of RPCs and EW was 2.3 for BDC, 11.1 for SDC and 18.0 for EW. RPCs in the food and seafood processing industries will be available as egg white alternative protein sources and will be available as ingredients of surimi‐based products in particular.


The railway Lines of Anyang steel Company belong basicly to the heavy railway or grade - 1 railway. The main switch types should be 3 kinds;60 - 7,60 - 9 - AT,50 - 9. According to different demands of traffic amounts, different railways are applided.


The invention discloses a method for analyzing a social network event and a device for analyzing the social network event. The analyzing method comprises the following steps of capturing the social network event and the relevant text information; matching the social network event with data in a historical event knowledge base, and judging whether to be a new event; if the social network event is the new event, matching vocabularies in the text information with data in an emotional perspective classification model database, thereby acquiring classified opinions for describing the social network event; learning the social network event, the text information, and the classified opinions. Through the method, the classified opinions of the new social network event can be automatically identified.


Combination therapy with an immunomodulator [IM] is recommended by ECCO guidelines for patients with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with infliximab [IFX]. Combination therapy reduce anti-drug antibody (ATI) formation. Maintenance of adequate trough IFX levels is also known to reduce ATI formation.

 We hypothesised that the use of proactive TDM in patients receiving IFX monotherapy would result in equivalent therapy outcomes compared with patients receiving IFX in combination with an immunomodulator. A pilot study using proactive TDM was undertaken at our unit with IFX and ATI levels, assessed at trough, in all IBD patients receiving IFX. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of proactive IFX TDM on IFX therapy outcome. Baseline demographics, IFX dosing schedules and use of concomitant immunomodulators were documented. The study primary endpoint was time to infliximab discontinuation in IFX monotherapy and combination therapy groups.

 109 IBD patients receiving IFX with proactive TDM assessment were included. Median age, 36 years, 46% were female and, 36% UC., 37% and, 67% of patients were receiving IFX combination and monotherapy respectively. There was no significant difference in mean time to drug discontinuation between IFX combination and monotherapy groups, 2.33 [95% CI, 2.2–2.5] versus, 2.32 [95% CI, 2.0 –, 2.6] years respectively, p = 0.63. ATI concentrations [median] did not differ significantly between IFX combination and monotherapy groups, 2.9 AU/mL versus, 11.6 AU/mL, p = 0.54. In a multivariate analysis disease activity [p=0.005], low IFX levels [p=0.01] and elevated ATIs [p=0.001] were all independently associated with IFX discontinuation. There was no association between the use of IFX combination therapy and rates of IFX discontinuation, p=0.42.

 Infliximab persistence, which is a proxy for successful therapy outcome, was similar in IFX monotherapy and combination therapy groups when proactive TDM was utilised. In the absence of concomitant immunomodulatory therapy, proactive TDM may improve IFX monotherapy outcomes, by maintaining higher IFX concentrations.


The authors carried out an ENT study about the effects of the RME,pointing out with objective tests the improvements of both respiratory and auditive functionality.


PRISM is a probabilistic programming language based on Prolog augmented with primitives to represent probabilistic choice. PRISM is implemented using a combination of low level support from a modified version of B-Prolog, source level program transformation, and libraries for probabilistic inference and learning implemented in the imperative language C. More recently, developers of probabilistic languages working in the functional programming paradigm have taken the approach of embedding probabilistic primitives into an existing language, with little or no modification to the host language, primarily by using continuations: captured continuations represent pieces of the probabilistic program which can be manipulated to achieve a great variety of computational effects. In this talk, I will describe an approach based on delimited control operators recently introduced into SWI Prolog. These are used to create a system of nested effect handlers which together implement a core functionality of PRISM—the building of explanation graphs—entirely in Prolog and using an order of magnitude less code. In addition, other declarative programming tools, such as constraint logic programming, are used to implement several tools for inference, such as the inside-outside and EM algorithms, lazy best-first explanation search, and MCMC samplers. By embedding the functionality of PRISM into SWI Prolog, users gain access to its rich libraries and development environment. By expressing the functionality of PRISM in a relatively small amount of pure, high-level Prolog, this implementation will hopefully facilitate further experimentation with the mechanisms of probabilistic logic programming and extensions to new modelling features.


Speech language classification is an important direction in the field of machine learning. In order to further improve the effect of speech classification, this paper propose a new speech language classification algorithm based on multiple-instance learning with negative instance cleaning, namely NUMI-Biased SVM algorithm. Firstly, extract MFCC features from speech files, regarding each file as an instance bag, and every speech frame as an instance. Secondly, adopt PU learning algorithm to clean negative instances in positive bags to reduce their impact on classification. Finally, multiple-instance learning algorithm is used to classify the speech files. Experiments show that, compared with the SVM algorithm and multiple-instance SVM algorithm, NUMI-Biased-SVM has achieved significant improvement in classification performance.


Research on consumer perception of fish water at morning markets Panam city of Pekanbaru had been done in february to april 2018 in morning markets Panam city of Pekanbaru. The purpose of this research to know consumer perception of fish water based characteristics and consumer behaviour in identifying the attributes of fish water. The data collection had done by observation, interviews and recording then data measured using a likert scale and descriptive analysis.The attribute of the fish water in the morning market at Panam its very good. It is seen at the price, offered, The convenience of consumers, and the distance that must be taken by the consumers. Is not to far away. The quality of the fish marketed is in accordance with the wishes of the costumers. It can seen from the form of the fish that is marketed, ranging from the condition of the meat, the situation of scales and the color of the gills. Keyworsd : Perception, Consumers, Fish Water, Morning markets Panam


Combined with ship model experiments, the relevant features of the resistance and seakeepng performance of super shallow draught ships are described for actually designed ships and the solution of the problems in design is given.


The following result is known [2]: T3. Let Clt C2, C3 be three circles of equal radii r that pass through a common point 0. Let px be the other intersection of C2 and G3; define p2 and p3 similarly. Then p1( p2, p3 lie on a circle of radius r. This result suggests a chain of theorems, something like Clifford's chain [1]. We state the next two links in the chain: Tt. Let Cj, G2, C3, Ci be circles of equal radii r on a common point 0. By T3, the three concurrent circles Clf C2, C3 determine a circle 04 of radius r; call its centre p4'. Define p / , p2', p3' similarly. Then Pi'> • • •' P4' tie on a cwck of radius r. T5. Let Clt..., C5be circles of equal radii r on a common point 0. By Tit the four concurrent circles C1 04 determine a circle C5" of radius r; call its centre p5". Define p / ' , . . . , p4" similarly. Then p / ' , . . . , p5" lie on a circle of radius r. The chain continues indefinitely. These assertions have remarkably easy proofs by elementary linear algebra. In each case, let the common point 0 be the origin. Let a,be the centre of circle Ct. Since the circles C1; C2>... all have radius r and all pass through 0, their centres av a2>... lie on the circle C of radius r with centre 0.


ABSTRACTThis text was analyzed and investigated the morphological character, production time and germination characteristic of seed that collect in Chungnam, in order to offer the basic informations for slope restoration and revegetation using Indigofera amblyantha of wild shrub. Legume was cylindrical type and length 31.5mm, width 2.5mm, and seed number of per legume was full ripe 5.5, unripe 0.9. Seed was elliptical type and length 2.4mm, width 1.7mm, and weight of 1,000 seeds was 5.9g. Because seed matured within December and next year January, optimum time of seed production was in mid of January. In the treatment H 2 SO 4 of 15 minutes, seed germination rate was the highest as 91.0%, and seed germination time (days) was the shortest as 6.7 days. Seed germination time by temperature was the shortest from 25°C. Therefore, seed germination of Indigofera amblyantha was very useful in the treatment H 2 SO 4 of 15 minutes from 25°C temperature.Key Words:Fabaceae, Shrub, Seeding, Temperature and H


An important role robust multivariable control design could play in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) was discussed in Part I. In this part, by completing the HEV dynamics, we shall show designing a two-input two-output (TITO) robust controller, using cutting-edge design software of mixed-μ synthesis, for the challenging application of torque management of the hybrid electric vehicle subjected to uncertain parameters and strong coupling interactions between internal combustion engine and integrated electric motor. Our designed control system provides guaranteed stability- and performance robustness for the HEV torque management plant subject to parametric uncertainties (such as combustion lag, rotational moment of inertia and damping), unmodeled complex-valued uncertainty (due to fueling and ignition delays), unmeasurable exogenous plant disturbance (e.g. vehicle load), sensor noises and estimation errors. Simulation results verify that robust multivariable control system designs could significantly help in production of hybrid electric vehicles by significant reduction in cost, risk and time-to-market.


of the present investigation was to design, optimize and characterize the gastro retentive floating levofloxacin tablets and perform in-vivo evaluation using radiographic imaging. The floating tablets were prepared by using polymers i.e hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC-K4M) and carbopol-940 individually and in combination by nonaquous granulation method. All the Formulations were evaluated for swelling index (S.I), floating behavior and in-vitro drug release kinetics. The compatibility study of levofloxacin with other polymers was investigated by FTIR, DSC, TGA and XRD. Results from FTIR and DSC revealed no chemical interaction amongst the formulation components. The optimized formulation (F11) showed floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT) swelling index (S.I) of 60 sec, >16h and approximately 75 %, respectively. Moreover, F11 showed zero order levofloxacin release in simulated gastric fluid over the period of 6 h. X-ray studies showed that total buoyancy time was able to delay the gastric emptying of levofloxacin floating tablets in rabbits for more than 4 hours. In conclusion the optimized formulation (F11) can be used for the sustained delivery of levofloxacin for the treatment of peptic ulcer.


Mount Putuo is one of China's four famous Buddhist mountains.The temple architectural layout represented by Puji Temple,Fayu Temple and Huiji Temple falls into the palace-style and the local-style dwelling houses respectively.The temple architecture as a carrier of the Buddhist culture and the solemn,profound and elegant sense resulting from engraving show that both of the styles contain the symbolic meaning of prostrating oneself in worship and detaching oneself from reality There are a lot of rock carvings on Mount Putuo,which mostly reflect the content of worshipping Buddha and developing and expanding Buddhist scritures or of praising beautiful scenery.The dignified and splendid calligraphy on rocks is in harmony with the atmosphere of the Buddhist Kingdom.


Objective To report the clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling after the implantation of a self-developed, biomechanically optimized, two-stage thoracic stent system named Fabulous. Background Given the efficacy of the PETTICOAT concept, the benefits of Fabulous and the behavior of remodeling in different segments need further investigation. Methods This is a prospective and multicenter study. From 2017 to 2019, 145 patients (mean age, 56.6 years; 88.3% male) from 14 centers were included in this cohort. The clinical results and core laboratory results were from a central electronic data capture system. Computed tomographic angiography was performed preoperatively, 1 month, 6 months and yearly thereafter and was used for volumetric analysis by 3mensio (Bilthoven, The Netherlands). After the 1-year follow-up, 97.2 and 87.6% of the clinical and imaging results of the eligible patients were available. Results Both stent grafts and bare stents were successfully delivered in place in 100% of the patients. The 30-day mortality and 1-year freedom from all-cause mortality were 2.1 and 96.6%, respectively. The incidence of entry flow was 11.7% at 30 days and 6.2% at 365 days. No cases of stent-induced new entry (SINE) or reintervention were observed. After the 1-year follow-up, the true lumen/overall volume ratio reached 88%. The following subdivided segment volume changes were recorded: stent graft segment TL +56%; FL −92%, bare stent segment TL +32%; FL −75%, and there were no significant changes in the visceral segment. Conclusions These outcomes indicated that there were favorable clinical benefits of Fabulous stent system. This device achieved a low short-term mortality and a low incidence of reintervention. In addition, patients undergoing Fabulous stent system implantation showed remodeling both on descending aorta and on the distal aorta. The volume changes in the TL and FL varied in the different segments. The long-term follow-up is still ongoing.


Galidesivir (BCX4430) is an adenosine nucleoside analog broadly active in cell culture against multiple RNA virus families, and active in animal models of viral diseases associated with Ebola, Marburg, yellow fever, Zika, and Rift Valley fever. Current studies demonstrated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the first‐in‐human evaluations of galidesivir as intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) formulations. Two double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging studies were conducted enrolling 126 healthy subjects. Study 1 evaluated the safety and tolerability of IM galidesivir over single day dosing, single day dosing ± lidocaine, and 7‐day dosing with lidocaine. Study 2 evaluated the safety and tolerability of single ascending doses of IV galidesivir. Safety and tolerability were evaluated via clinical and laboratory monitoring. The plasma concentration–time profile of galidesivir at doses 0.3 to 10 mg/kg IM was characterized by rapid absorption, an initial rapid distribution and clearance phase, and an extended terminal elimination phase. The initial rapid distribution and extended terminal elimination were mimicked in the profile of galidesivir at doses 5 to 20 mg/kg IV. No fatal events or related serious adverse events were reported. No clinically significant dose‐related trends in laboratory values, vital signs, electrocardiograms, or echocardiograms were noted. Galidesivir was safe and generally well tolerated.


Aims: We performed this study in order to improve diagnostic accuracy of the follow-up
protocol after a treatment for preinvasive cervical disease, at the same time reducing the
number of overtreated patients.
Patients and methods: One hundred and fourteen patients were followed up after conization
for CIN3 and/or AIS at 3-6 month, 9-12 month and 18-24 month intervals, then yearly. The
follow-up consisted of cytology, colposcopy with biopsy if needed and HPV testing. The endpoint
of the study was a secondary treatment due to a high suspicion of resdidual/recurrent
disease or disease free period of at least 24 months.
Results: The median follow-up time was 41 months (5-72 months). In predicting
residual/recurrent disease cytology had a specificity of 88.9%, sensitivity of 100%, PPV of
33.3% and a NPV of 100% whereas HPV had a specificity of 76.9%, sensitivity of 100%,
PPV of 21.4% and a NPV of 100%.
Conclusion: According to our results both tests can be used as a primary follow-up tool after
conization. The choice should depend on a socio-economic aspect. In our setting the HPV test
should be done only in those patients with a positive smear any time during follow-up as the
point of decision for a second treatment. With this approach we could considerably decrease
the number of reoperated patients and co-morbidities.


Thermal insulation of solid rocket motor casing is necessary to overcome the catastrophic breakdown during the rocket propellant combustion. In our study, a comprehensive review on different types elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSMs) such as polyurethane, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and nitrile rubber was conducted. Various types of fillers are added to the EHSMs to enhance their thermal, mechanical and ablative performances. The charring phenomenon, which offers a means of protection to the virgin polymer layer from direct flame, as well as the synergetic effect, that may occur between fillers and polymer matrices, were studied. All different methods and machines used for manufacturing EHSMs are described in detail. Moreover, the different techniques used to characterize the EHSMs are discussed. Last but not least, the empirical models that relate the thermal insulation performance to the filler concentration are presented.


Several prominent economists have underlined that actors are often concerned about the well-being (or feelings) of others. It seems 'homo oeconimicus' is selfish/rational and acts like a Good Samaritan at the same time. But being a Good Samaritan and deciding about somebody else's property is not a big deal. The aim of this study is to observe endowment heterogeneity in the case of a risky financial decision. Ownership and endowment effects were measured through using within-subjects design, i.e. two gambling situations were offered to subjects. Firstly, they should assess risks and allocate their own property. Secondly, they had to decide on behalf of one of their friends. This paper does not provide a theoretical summing up, but focuses on empirical findings. Using game experiment it was found that ownership plays a role in explaining the outcome of a risky financial situation.


The article studies motivation principles of the IKEA company, including the importance of work being done, recognition and awarding the results, trust in employees, their unity and consolidation, possibility to study, develop and be promoted and absence of short-term optional programs for executives. Special attention is paid to the most important element of the motivation system, i. e. its sound corporate culture, whose components (encouraging mission statement and corporate values) are as  significant for employees as the system of material incentives.  Research findings allow us to estimate the efficiency of key factors of the company successful development – the motivation system and  corporate culture of the IKEA company and provide an opportunity to use its advanced experience by Russian trade companies.


This introduction to the special issue of JPRiTLE on Advancing Healthy Communities through Tourism, Leisure, and Events is aimed at inspiring a healthy communities research agenda in our field. The authors argue advancing healthy communities/cities ought to be at the core of what we do as tourism, leisure, and events (TLE) scholars. Accordingly, this introductory article endeavours to advance healthy communities as a line of research by encouraging TLE scholars to forward the World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter for health promotion and assist in the exploration of public values for healthy communities. In so doing, the authors provide readers with background about the healthy communities movement and offer direction in terms of how research can build healthy communities through evidence-based policy.


In this work, energy efficient ROM is being designed using Kintex 7 which is able to scale down the circuit to 28 nm. For Testing the ROM compatibility, ROM is operated on operating frequencies (10GHz, 15GHz, 20GHz, 25GHz ) .Whenever capacitance is scaled down from 15pf to 5pf, there is I/O power and total power reduction but it is observed that there is no reduction in Clock power, and a very small reduction in leakage power. FPGA is an Integrated Circuit that comprises of input/output buffer, programmable interconnect structure and an array of configurable logic blocks, which featurisms fast prototyping and consumer configurability which gives the advantage of short turnaround time( i.e. time required from start of process till a functional chip is obtained).10MBits of on chip Memory is being provided on Xilinx FPGA in 36Kbits blocks, which supports dual port operation. Stub Series Terminated Logic (SSTL) is an Input/output standard which is selected because it avoids the transmission lie reflection and overall power dissipation. The purpose of Voltage scaling is to reduce leakage power. When capacitance of output load is scaled from 50pF to 5pF, there are 32-37% saving in I/O Power, 0-0.1% Leakage Power saving, there will be a 1-5% saving in Total Power. This design is implemented on Kintex-7 FPGA using Xilinx ISE & Verilog. The technique of Frequency Scaling has been used to reduce the leakage power consumption within the range of 80% to 44.8%, consumption in total power in range of 45.8% to 21.36% and the reduction in Junction temperature range is from 3.5% to 1.6% for 10GHz frequency.


Structural conflict of legal culture is an objective and universal social phenomenon.In the formality,the conflict presents as disharmony between system legal culture and idea legal culture in the contemporary China.In essence,it presents a tense status between the values of rule by man and rule by law.Structural conflict of legal culture doing harm to construction of harmonious society occurs because of many reasons.The chief reason is the conflict on the traditional legal culture and modern legal culture.In order to eliminate the conflict,some measures such as establish of good law,supremacy of law,fair jurisdiction and legal education should be done.Thus,we can establish harmonious legal culture and promote the progress construction harmonious society.


Abstract The glutamic acid residue at the active center of bovine carboxypeptidase B was labeled with α-N-bromoacetyl-d-[5-14C]arginine and the alkylated protein was hydrolyzed with pepsin. A 14C-labeled peptide fraction was isolated in a 52% yield by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 followed by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. Compositional and end group analysis, in addition to enzymatic hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases A and B, aminopeptidase M, and trypsin, suggest the following amino acid sequence: Thr-Phe-Glu-Leu-Arg-Asp-Lys-Gly-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Phe. A comparison with the glutamic acid-containing sequence at the active sites of carboxypeptidases A and B revealed nearly complete homology.


The films studied were grown at the temperature T<inf>d</inf>= 160 °C and doped by boron (B) and phosphorus (P) by incorporation of diborane (B<inf>2</inf>H<inf>6</inf>) and phosphine (PH<inf>3</inf>), respectively, in gas mixture used for the deposition. For B-doped films changing boron concentration in gas phase C<inf>B</inf>gas from 0.04% to 0.06%, resulted in changing electrical characteristics: conductivity activation energy E<inf>a</inf> and room-temperature conductivity σ<inf>RT</inf> from E<inf>a</inf>=0.32 to 0.52 eV and σ<inf>RT</inf>=10𢄤4 to 10−7 Ω−1 cm−1, respectively, suggesting compensation of electronic conductivity of the films. Further increasing C<inf>B</inf>gas from 0.06% to 0.14% caused a reduction of E<inf>a</inf> from 0.52 to 0.31 eV and increasing of σ<inf>RT</inf> from 10−7 to 10−4 Ω−1 cm−1. Similar behavior of electrical properties with boron incorporation has been reported in the B-doped Ge:H films deposited at T<inf>d</inf>=300°C in [1]. The P-doped films show continuous change in activation energy ranging from E<inf>a</inf>=0.32 to 0.18 eV and room temperature conductivity ranging from σ<inf>RT</inf>=2.3×10−4 to 1.8×10−2 Ω−1 cm−1 with P incorporation. Thus effective B- and P-doping of Ge-Si films deposited at T<inf>d</inf>=160 °C has been demonstrated.


The network-level pavement management system of the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) is known as the Network Optimization System (NOS). For input, KDOT manually collects data on cracking severity and extent on its network annually. In this study, pavement surface images were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact of AASHTO provisional standard PP 44-01 for asphalt-surfaced pavement-cracking data collection on NOS. The study covered approximately 262 km (164 mi) of in-service bituminous and composite pavements in Kansas. Nearly 50,000 images of the pavement surface were obtained for manual and automated evaluation of pavement condition. Two different processes of image analysis were compared with existing results from the KDOT annual survey. Transverse and fatigue crack severity and extent were manually interpreted following KDOT crack-rating algorithms for all sections. In addition, the sections were analyzed with an automated crack identification procedure following PP 44-01. The images corresponding to approximately a 5% sample rated by KDOT were identified. Comparative data were available for a manual distress survey on 5% samples (by KDOT) and image-based manual and automated interpretation on the 5% and 100% samples. Statistical analysis shows good agreement between the 5% sample and 100% sample results from the manual survey and image-based manual interpretation, respectively, for both crack types. This implies that a 5% pavement sample is adequate for describing crack severity and extent in NOS. Severity of fatigue cracks from the images was more difficult to rate, probably because of the descriptive nature of severity levels in the NOS algorithm. Agreement between the results from the manual image analysis on both 5% and 100% pavement samples and the KDOT manual survey is acceptable. However, the automated image analysis technique following the provisional AASHTO standard tends to overestimate severity of cracking.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] BLENDED LEARNING EXISTS at the intersection between traditional face-to-face instruction and online learning, although to what extent each component is employed is open to interpretation. The ratio between offline and online instruction can vary widely from school to school, but both elements must be present in order to qualify as true blended learning. Such programs continue to gain traction among K-12 school administrators, but the transition to a hybrid model presents challenges to teachers, administrators, and students alike: How do you quantify hybrid instruction in order to meet state mandates? What are the most affordable, yet high-quality, sources of online content? Which are the best ways for teachers to mentor children in this new paradigm? These are just a few of the tough questions that astute K-12 ed tech leaders are finding some strategic ways to answer. Some answers may sound obvious. As an example, Sheryl Abshire, chief technology officer for the preK-12 Calcasieu Parish Public Schools in Lake Charles, LA, says "We have a key anchor requirement in our district, and I'm telling you it has served us well: You can't teach online unless you have been taught online." Other answers aren't so inflexible. In the advice that follows, Abshire and other experienced educators share their key ideas and discoveries for achieving success in a hybrid environment. 1) Assess Student Learning Goals Through Collaboration Since schools traditionally measure student progress by seat time, a model in which part of the learning happens outside the classroom presents new challenges, requiting districts to figure out both how to assure that learning is really taking place and how to stay accountable to state systems. One solution: Bring stakeholders at the school together regularly to collaborate on how students are progressing. Elaine Manicke, principal of Rio Rancho Cyber Academy in Rio Rancho, NM, and her team build this collaboration right into their schedule. They meet every Friday to review the previous week's student activities, catalog specific student goals achieved, and ensure that all the activities teachers and students undertake are documented in order to meet all the mandates. "We have a governance model that provides for collaboration among all the parties involved," she says. [ILLISIBLE EN SOURCE ORIGINALE.] 2) Set Ground Rules With Vendors The backbone of any hybrid environment is its learning management system, which school districts usually look to third-party companies to provide. But just because you're handing off some aspects of your program doesn't mean you hand over all the reins to it at the same time. Even the CEO era company that offers such off-the-shelf programs says it is important for schools to maintain control of their own initiatives. "The only way you can change the climate in your school district is by owning the initiative and empowering your teachers to teach in a hybrid environment," says Jed Friedrichsen, CEO of Blendedschools.net, which sells courses, software, and related PD for blended learning. "Look toward teaching your own students, and doing it your way." When choosing a vendor, look for ones that are responsive to your specific needs and those of your students, advises Manicke. One key element is quick retrieval of data for all users. Heidi Parnell, program manager of the Rio Rancho Cyber Academy, says her district's first LMS provider took up to two weeks to process grade changes, which caused some in the district to lose enthusiasm for the program. A change in vendors. however, rekindled their dedication. Specifically, the new vendor provided educators, students, and parents with separate system log-ins, allowing them to share documents and information among themselves. "That information is being shared with all stakeholders now," Parnell says. …


Dr. Sally Knipe, Course Coordinator, Bachelor of Education (Middle Schooling) at Charles Sturt University has been teaching undergraduate students in this program for six years. When Charles Sturt University introduced a learning management system, Interact she, with the faculty's educational designer, Miriam Edwards worked together in developing new teaching strategies. The result was a greater emphasis on blended learning with studentcentred approaches engaging students in both face-to-face and online learning. Two examples of such strategies are described in detail; The 'open wiki exam' and 'debating issues of adolescence'. Both occur within EED114: Transitions in middle schooling; a first year undergraduate subject. They employ authentic assessment tasks, collaborative work practice and social networking opportunities while providing a sustainable model for future teaching.


Preface - David Bindman Introduction: 1. From text to image: William Hogarth and the emergence of a visual culture in eighteenth-century England - Frederic Ogee 2. Hogarthian frames: The new eighteenth-century aesthetics - Peter Wagner Part One: Hogarth's empiricism 3. Matters of fact: Virtual witnessing and the public in Hogarth's narratives - John Bender 4. Je-sais-quoi: William Hogarth and the representation of the forms of life - Frederic Ogee 5. Hogarth's 'Living Machines of Nature' and the theorisation of aesthetics - Michel Baridon 6. Representations of time in Hogarth's paintings and engravings - Peter Wagner Part Two: Oberserving modern life 7. William Hogarth's enraged musician and the cries of London - Sean Shesgreen 8. The view across the City: William Hogarth and the visual culture of eighteenth-century London - Mark Hallett 9. 'This Truly Natural and Faithful Painter': Hogarth's depiction of modern life - Diana Donald Part Three: Hogarth and Christian typology 10. Hogarth's Marriage A-ja-Mode: The dialectic between precision and ambiguity - Werner Busch 11. The excessive Jew in A Harlot's Progress - David Solkin 12. Some thoughts on Hogarth's Jew: Issues in current scholarship - Ronald Paulson List of works cited List of illustrations Index


In recent years, Chinese population life expectancy has continued to increase, but mental health problems have become increasingly prominent. In order to study the impact of mental health on labor participation, this paper uses the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 to empirically analyze the impact of mental health factors on the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people in China over 45 years old. The results show that mental non-health tendency has a significant negative effect on the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people in China. In the regression of gender heterogeneity, the negative impact of mental non-health tendency on men is more significant than that of women. In the regression of urban-rural heterogeneity, the group living in rural areas is more negatively affected by the mental non-health tendency.


In 1969 and 1972 Australia adopted a highly distinctive approach to equal pay. Its unusual characteristic lay in its incorporation in Australia's system of wage determination. This reform was advantageous to women in paid work but key ambiguities emerged as to how the right to equal pay would be claimed in areas of highly feminized work. In 1993 the right to equal pay was introduced in statute and conjoined to a test of sex discrimination, a construction that was ineffective, particularly in the context of a decentralizing wages system. State jurisdictions in Australia developed innovative responses to this impasse that were founded on the concept of undervaluation. These approaches addressed a persistent flaw in rights-based approaches, the requirement for women to demonstrate they are the same as men to claim equality. These approaches, although currently proscribed, demonstrated that particular constructions of rights-based discourses can be effective if connected to the underlying dynamics of gender pay inequity and grounded in the instruments of industry and minimum wage determination.


The quantum capture times in high-speed single- mode self-organized quantum-dot (QD) lasers with 15-30 mA, and small-signal modulation bandwidth 4.5 GHz, have been estimated from high frequency electrical impedance measurements. The effective carrier capture times, determined from this relatively simple measurement technique, vary in the range of 20-40 ps, depending on bias current, and are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The results suggest that carrier capture, not damping, may prove to be the limiting factor in the modulation bandwidths of QD lasers.


Implementation of Curriculum forms a crucial part of teacher's activities carried out for students in school, this is very vital to meet up with the demands of education and needs of society. It is carried out to help students to understand the discoveries and other definite activities around them. Implementation of literacy curriculum development is all about working with the acquiring skills, applied, practiced and socially situated for learning and teaching processes. The purpose of the study is to examine the concept of implementation of literacy curriculum developed to determine international positive school, the factors guiding implementation literacy curriculum development and the importance of implementation of literacy curriculum development to influence international positive school in the country. Specifically, the study reviews the factors influencing implementation of literacy curriculum development and studies that influence teaching and learning in schools. This study is significant because literacy curriculum development as correlates to international positive schools and well-being would inspire students' education to be respected and recognized globally. It would also equip students with quality education. It would expose students to knowledge that could handle future challenges of life. It would also serve as opportunity for social interaction among teachers and students from various countries. The conclusion drawn for the paper is that literacy curriculum development should be seen as an avenue which could attract international positive schools and well-being of the students, country and the world at large. It would help to find solution to educational problems by incorporating new developments in the nation's school system. It promotes educational linkages among nations. There would be healthy interaction among teachers and students which would contribute greatly to the effectiveness of teaching and learning in the classroom.


Creation of jobs outside of agriculture is one of the biggest challenges that confront the policymakers trying to achieve 'faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth'. The Indian economy has been growing at unprecedented rates but it has been characterized by jobless growth and informalization of job opportunities in the organized sector. The paper tries to inquire into the reasons for jobless growth in India during the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), with the objective of providing policy recommendations to the government to increase employment. This is achieved by assessing structural changes in employment in India over the past decade and conducting gender-wise employment comparisons along with comparison with other developing countries. The paper finds factors such increase in investment in technology and automation, increased reliance on high skilled labor, sectoral inefficiencies, labor market rigidities behind India's recent jobless growth. It is recommended that the government set up institutions to provide training to unskilled workers so as to absorb them in the formal sector. Further the government must undertake campaigns to increase awareness about girl child education to reduce female unemployment. Institutions should be set up that primarily focus on review of education and skill development to align the needs of workers with those of big businesses. It is also recommended that the government move towards relaxing some of the rigid labor laws in the Indian labor market.


Across a student's lifetime, their world will change and change again. They're likely to see industry reshaped, medical advancements, and huge changes to technology. In their own life too, they will begin school, transition to further education or work, move out of home, begin or end relationships, maybe have children, and retire from work. To navigate this ever-shifting world, young people will need to be adaptable. But is this something you can teach? And what kind of difference can being more adaptable make?


I find myself in a dilemma-the peculiar dilemma of the Black scholar who must explain and legitimize his interest in investigating the Black side of the question. The role is clear in the fields of history, sociology and psychology. We admit to Black Art, Black Music, Afro-American Literature and even highbrows are tolerant of the concept of Black Economics. But in the area of English literature the field is clouded with snobbery. The authors here are inviolate, untouchable, uncorrupted by the evil eye of bigotry and racial prejudice. The art of the British moves serenely on the larger reflection of man, truth to nature, a slice of life, the imitation of human action, thought and feeling. The British are untainted with any undue pre-occupation with the Black situation. Man is man in general in British literature, and his color and culture mere accidents, not worth scholarship in light of the greater question of his universality. Norman Verrle McCullough warns us in his suspiciously erudite book, The Negro in English Literature,1 that probing into the race concept in English Literature is often symptomatic of the disease of Negrophobia. In his chapter, "Shakespeare and the Man of Colour," he tells us authoritatively that the idea of race "though probably only incidental to Shakespeare and the Elizabethan, has been magnified to major proportions; but this reaction is doubtless the result of modern-day Negrophobia."2 But my predicament is real. I am Black. I am preparing to write a Ph.D. dissertation in an area of English literature which I appreciate, admire and love. Yet, I am paralysed to devote two hundred pages of research to fields that do not intimately concern my world, my obsession-and I admit it is an obsession-with securing and containing my Black identity.


Antimicrobial peptide(AMP) is an integral part of the innate immune system in living organisms that protect hosts from invading pathogenic microorganism.AMPs have strong antimicrobial activity against a wide-range of species,including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,fungi,and viruses.In order to overcome the problem of resistance,cationic antimicrobial peptides are currently being considered as a potential alternative for antibiotics.This review focuses on the mechanism and application of the antimicrobial peptides and discusses the design of molecular targeted antimicrobial peptides.


Due to the complexity of the practical environment, many distributed multi-agent systems can be described by the fractional-order dynamics. This paper investigates the convergence of fractional-order discrete-time multi-agent systems with a leader. It is shown that such system can achieve convergence depending on the sampling interval h, the fractional-order α as well as its interconnection topology. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to verify the results.


An experimental investigation was conducted to study the influence of pitch of helical grooves on condensation heat transfer performance on vertically oriented copper tubes. The condensation heat transfer coefficient of bare as well as grooved copper tubes of various pitches ranging from 2.54 mm to 22.4mm were studied. The investigation revealed that copper tube with groove pitch ≤ 6.35 mm has an adverse effecton the heat transfer performance in comparison to bare copper. The helical groove with pitch > 6.35 mm showed improvement in heat transfer coefficient. The helical groove with pitch 8.47 mm showed a maximum enhancement of 68.4% in condensation heat transfer coefficient at ∆T = 40°C.


Palu Grand Mall construction project is a large-scale construction projects that use different types of materials with large amounts. Therefore, the planning and control of the appropriate material to be very important. The purpose of this study was to determine how the   process of planning and control of material and to determine the size of the procurement quantity of material from the two methods of inventory control consists of methods Lot For Lot and Economic Ordering Quantity method that provides the most optimal total costs in construction projects Palu Grand Mall. The method used in this thesis is descriptive photograph and methods Material Requirement Planning (MRP) consist of methods Lot For Lot (L4L) and the Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ). The results revealed that, in the process of planning and controlling materials on construction projects Palu Grand Mall is the starting material requirements planning, material selection and proceed with the selection of suppliers of materials. Once that is done the booking and purchase of materials. Then the material receipt and storage of materials. The last process in the release of material to the construction site. Planning material procurement inventory control method provides a theoretical optimum total cost of inventory is a combined method of EOQ method and method L4L. The measure of the quantity of material procurement is a 5066 D19 iron rod, iron rods O10 number 58 591, iron rods D22 number 6638, beam 5/7 number 415 m3, and multiplex sheet 2903 with a total cost of inventories of Rp3.488.366, -. Keywords: material, process planning and control, MRP


One general requirement in the construction of symbol manipulators and automatic programming systems is the need to scan a line of information, usually from left to right, and to break down or subdivided this line into words, phrases or some form of subgrouping. Assuming a natural or free form was allowed in the composition of the line, it will be necessary to examine in sequence each character of the line and, depending on the syntactical rules in force, accumulate characters into a word until a separator is recognized. For example, consider breaking down AX, BX, CX on the basis of the comma.


Computer modeling of the 32-GHz traveling-wave tube (TWT) for the Cassini Mission was conducted to explain the anomaly observed in the spectrum analysis of one of the flight-model tubes. The analysis indicated that the effect, manifested as a weak signal in the neighborhood of 35 GHz, was an intermodulation product of the 32-GHz drive signal with a 66.9-GHz oscillation induced by coupling to the second harmonic'signal. The oscillation occurred only at low- radiofrequency (RF) drive power levels that are not expected during the Cassini Mission. The conclusion was that the anomaly was caused by a generic defect inadvertently incorporated in the geometric design of the slow-wave circuit and that it would not change as the TWT aged. The most probable effect of aging on tube performance would be a reduction in the electron beam current. The computer modeling indicated that although not likely to occur within the mission lifetime, a reduction in beam current would reduce or eliminate the anomaly but would do so at the cost of reduced RF output power.


Abstract Workflows are activities involving the co-ordinated execution of multiple tasks performed by entities, in the enterprise environment. Workflow systems support the encoding and execution of workflows. A workflow management system is proposed, in which a considerable attention is paid on the utilisation of the services provided by the underlying flexible database formalism. Flexible database formalisms must permit the modelling of trends, seasonality (periodicity), cyclic variations of trends and irregular activities (no predictable patterns) in the enterprise environment This paper will be restricted in workflow management system design, and activity scheduling, in a post relational environment whereas relational operators, utilise paths (links between domains), in order to express interdependencies between activities. Keywords : Temporal Activities, Time Model, Temporal Activities, and Temporal Workflows 1. INTRODUCTION Workflow Management systems improve business process by integrating information, from more than one domains, directly or indirectly related with a specific enterprise function. In a non-stable and changing business environment, there is a critical need to become more competitive, by controlling the flow of information throughout the enterprise in a timely manner. Many business activities have restrictions such as a constrained duration, dates of resubmission, maximum and minimum duration of an activity. Typically time violations increase the cost of a business function, because they introduce some kind of exception handling [1]. Existing workflow management systems offer limited support for management and representation of activities with constrained or infinite duration. The latter includes periodical and recurring activities [2] with either known or known unknown frequency of reoccurrence. Therefore a workflow management system should provide information about an activity, its calendric restrictions, and the time requirements about the activity. This paper presents a temporal post relational environment that utilises the concept of lattices and hierarchies for the support of the major components defined within a workflow environment. In representing activities, encoding seasonality and trends a temporal model and representation at the database level is required and thus is proposed. The way that parallel and conditionally executed activities are related through the dimension of time, is defined and presented.


Based on some problems of the methods that are used to analyze power quality issues,a kind of artificial neural networks,ADALINE,and its new algorithm for analysis of power quality were presented.The new algorithm has the advantages of being simply calculated and easily implemented through hardware.The simulation results of voltage quality disturbances detection and frequency tracking show that the new ADALINE and its algorithm can be applied to the precise analysis for power quality.


Drive trains of vertical roller mills are usually equipped with heavy duty gearboxes with a horizontal input shaft and a vertical output shaft. Increasing mill sizes bring the existing gearbox concepts to their limits, however. This, and the demand for higher reliability and lower costs, has forced gearbox manufactures to develop new gearbox concepts. In this article, an innovative new gearbox concept that meets all the demands of the latest mill generation is presented.


Photocurrent is generated during the photooxidation of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants (NPE-n; n = 1, 5, 7, 9 and 10), precursors of 4-nonylphenol (NP), on illuminated TiO2/OTE electrodes on which TiO2 semiconductor particles were immobilized by a pasting (PA), a sol–gel (SG), or both techniques (HY). The photooxidative process of NP and NPEs was examined by absorption spectroscopic methods monitoring the cleavage of the benzene ring moiety, and by the evolution of CO2 gas. The kinetics of photooxidation and the magnitude of the generated photocurrent scaled with the length of the ethoxyl side-chain for NPEs where n = 0, 1, 5, 7 and 10. The relative order of adsorption of NPEs on the positive TiO2 surface was predicted from calculated partial negative point charges of all the C and O atoms in the NPEs using molecular orbital methods. Both photodegradation and photocurrent generation were enhanced for the NPE-9 substrate using the HY TiO2/OTE electrode compared to the PA and SG electrodes. Although, biodegradation of NPEs yields NP in rivers, no formation of NP was observed during the photooxidation of NPE-9 because of predominant opening of the benzene ring. Photooxidation of NPEs is facilitated under an applied bias of +0.3 V and scales with the number of ethoxylate groups.


A heat pump is a kind of energy saving equipment. It can effectively improve the grade of low temperature renewable and waste energy. Because of the increasing demands for higher temperature energy in many industrial processes and other fields, the development and research of high temperature heat pumps have been becoming more and more pressing and significant. This paper briefly summarizes the development status in two aspects: the development of working fluids and system features and characteristics of different cycle types.


In this paper we propose and analyse from the computational complexity point of view several new variants of nondeterministic Turing machines. In the first such variant, a machine accepts a given input word if and only if one of its shortest possible computations on that word is accepting; on the other hand, the machine rejects the input word when all the shortest computations performed by the machine on that word are rejecting. We are able to show that the class of languages decided in polynomial time by such machines is PNP[log]. When we consider machines that decide a word according to the decision taken by the lexicographically first shortest computation, we obtain a new characterization of PNP. A series of other ways of deciding a language with respect to the shortest computations of a Turing machine are also discussed.


The transport of material through the atmosphere is an issue with wide ranging implications for fields as diverse as agriculture, aviation, and human health. Due to the unsteady nature of the atmosphere, predicting how material will be transported via Earth's wind field is challenging. Lagrangian diagnostics, such as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), have been used to discover the most significant regions of material collection or dispersion. However, Lagrangian diagnostics can be time consuming to calculate and often rely on weather forecasts that may not be completely accurate. Recently, Eulerian diagnostics have been developed which can provide indications of LCS and have computational advantages over their Lagrangian counterparts. In this paper, a methodology is developed for estimating local Eulerian diagnostics from wind velocity data measured by a fixed wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) flying in circular arcs. Using a simulation environment, it is shown that the Eulerian diagnostic estimates from UAS measurements approximate the true local Eulerian diagnostics, therefore also predicting the passage of LCSs. This methodology requires only a single flying UAS, making it more easy to implement in the field than existing alternatives.


In a recent paper by N.K. Bose and J.F. Delansky (ibid., vol.36, no.3 p.454-8, 1989), S. Dasgupta's result (Proc. IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, p.2062-63, Los Angeles, CA, Dec. 1987) has been extended to study the robustness of positive complex (PC) rational and strictly positive complex (SPC) rational properties for a complex interval rational function. The results on robustness of the PC (SPC) property are considerably advanced. It is proven that the PC (SPC) property of the specific 32 extreme members of the set, which are a subset of the 64 extreme members, can guarantee the PC (SPC) property of the set. In addition, the proof presently conducted is simple due to the utilization of a set of well-formulated notations about robust complex interval strictly Hurwitz polynomials. The 32 versus the 64 extreme members in this case is, indeed, the counterpart of the 8 versus the 16 extreme polynomials in the analysis of boundary implications for complex interval strictly Hurwitz polynomials. >


Standard description and evaluation of watermelon germplasm resources and data acquisition were the precrequisite for evalution,sharing and utilization of germplasm. Detailed explanations were made for some confusable characteristics (Cotyledon colour,Stability of cotyledon colour,Leaf attitude,Petiole attitude,Type of leaf incisions and series of leaf incisions)and some characteristics hard to describe(Fruit shape,Over colour pattern of fruit surface and Flesh colour). And data acquisition method were summarized. The report was to provide some reference of characteristics description of watermelon germplasm resources and data acquisition for the researchers.


To realize a more accurate fitting and error evaluation for a rotating paraboloid in an arbitrary position, a new fitting and error evaluation method based on the geometrical characteristics of the paraboloid is presented for rotating paraboloid in arbitrary positions. The proposed method is named the 'geometric iterative optimisation algorithm'. First, the initial reference vertex, focus and initial profile error of the measured rotating paraboloid are obtained based on coordinate transformations and the least-squares method, and a reference paraboloid is established by using the reference vertex and focus. Second, two regular hexahedrons are collocated by taking the reference vertex and focus as datum points, and the initial profile error as the side length. Eight auxiliary vertexes and focuses (that is, the vertexes of two regular hexahedrons) are obtained. Using the auxiliary vertexes and focuses, a series of auxiliary paraboloids defined by the auxiliary vertexes and focuses are established. Third, reference profile error and auxiliary profile errors of the measured rotating paraboloid are calculated by considering the reference paraboloid and the auxiliary paraboloids as ideal paraboloids. Fourth, the reference points are changed or the side lengths of the hexahedron are decreased by comparing the the reference profile error and the auxiliary profile errors. The minimum zone fitting and evaluation for the paraboloid profile are realized by repeating the above process. The principle and steps involved when using the proposed method to solve the rotating paraboloid profile error are described in detail, and mathematical formulas are presented. The simulation results show that this method can obtain not only accurate results but it is also stable.


This paper is written in order to shed light on the complex relationship between the innovation and competitiveness. Innovation is the end of a supply process, know-how and processing. It is also the beginning of an exploitation process, which may lead to improve the frm performance, namely its competitiveness. This recursive process of knowledge supply, processing and exploitation includes the value chain innovation. In the operation phase, innovation both in the products and in the process, contribute positively on the company performance.


At present, science and technology are widely used in modern logistics industry, and the realization of intelligent logistics scheduling and warehousing has also become a research hotspot. However, the logistics distribution environment is becoming more and more complex, and the logistics distribution tasks facing it are becoming more and more burdensome. This article designs an intelligent logistics equipment scheduling platform based on the cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT), integrating information such as cargo source information, vehicle source information, and product introduction. In this paper, an improved Maximum-Minimum ant colony algorithm (MMAC) is designed to solve the logistics vehicle routing problem, an intelligent vehicle scheduling problem that introduces weight factors is proposed, and the effect of related parameter settings on the algorithm performance is analyzed. Overall, using the algorithm proposed in this paper to allocate order tasks, the total running distance of the system still shows a downward trend, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm in the task allocation of intelligent logistics equipment scheduling platform. Based on warehousing logistics, this paper studies and models the scheduling problem in intelligent warehousing, divides the scheduling problem into two parts: task allocation and path planning, and conducts modeling and analysis respectively. The convergence speed of genetic algorithm is relatively fast, while the convergence speed of ant colony algorithm (AC) is relatively slow, but it can get more accurate results. After comparing these three algorithms, in terms of overall convergence speed, the optimized scheduling algorithm proposed in this article is slow, but relatively optimal results can be searched.


In a retrospective observational study of the French Pharmacovigilance Database, serious cutaneous reactions associated with protein kinase inhibitors were reviewed between January 2008 and December 2010. The database received 409 notifications of serious adverse reactions involving orally administered protein kinase inhibitors. These notifications represented 606 serious adverse reactions during the study period. In these reports, the majority of patients were male (61.7%), with a mean age of 61.0 years (range = 4-94 years). Serious adverse reactions were mostly related to skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (19%), followed by respiratory problems (11.4%) and gastrointestinal disorders (10.4%). The 115 serious cutaneous serious adverse reactions involved 94 patients of which 63% were male and 37% were female with a mean age of 62.6 years (range = 13-89 years). For most of these reactions, the indication of use was labeled (89%). No drug interactions were reported. Serious cutaneous serious adverse reactions were responsible for initial or prolonged hospitalizations in 52 cases (55%) and in 2 cases, induced life-threatening situations (eg, angioedema related to everolimus and dasatinib). Mortality was associated with a serious cutaneous reaction related to erlotinib and sorafenib. Mean times to onset of various cutaneous serious adverse reactions ranged from 11.5 to 58.5 days, with the shortest time to onset recorded for angioedema (75 minutes) and the longest observed with xerosis (1 year). Of the serious cutaneous reactions reported to the database, 64.9% of the cases had favorable outcomes. Withdrawal of the drug occurred in 61.1% of the reported cases. The majority of protein kinase inhibitor–related serious cutaneous reactions reported to a French postmarketing surveillance database were labeled and commonly reported in the literature. Protein Kinase Inhibitors ["Erlotinib," "Geftinib," "Imatinib," "Nilotinib," "Dasatinib," "Sunitinub," "Sorafenib," "Pazopanib," "Lapatinib," "Everolimus"] Faye E et al (E Bondon-Guitton, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Medicale et Clinique, Equipe de PharmacoEpidemiologie INSERM U 1027, Faculte de Medecine de L'Universite de Toulouse, 37 allees JulesGuesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Spontaneous reporting of serious cutaneous reactions with protein kinase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69:1819–1826 (Oct) 2013


As the world's economy is transforming from conventional to sustainable mode, bio-economy will play an important role in this transition. The development of sustainable bio-economy is the great challenge in different parts of the world. For this purpose, adequate visions, strategies, and policies are required. Therefore, this chapter deals with the adequate visions, key strategies, and important policies for the development of sustainable bio-economy. Some case studies also presented where these visions, policies, and strategies are already implemented.


This guide was developed to assist families and professionals working with people having severe disabilities to improve the overall quality of life these individuals experience. An introduction contrasts new attitudes (such as emphasizing ind_vidual strengths and personal control and autonomy) with existing practices which often focus on students' inabilities, continually "prepare" students, and replace the individual's choices with "expert" decisions. A section on defining quality lifestyles for students with dual sensory loss considers basic assumptions about quality of life, defining basic needs, identifying individual preferences, and the quality of life approach. This approach is further discussed in a section which offers guidelines for evaluating current policies and practices and for developing and implementing programs. For use of educators and parents, two tables offer specific suggestions to promote quality of life at the preschool, elementary, and secondary levels. Another section stresses the key role of families in fostering five quality of life outcomes: choice, competence, respect, community presence, and community participation. The final section describes the relationship of programs for students with disabilities to Kansas programs for the improvement of education for all students.


TWO GROUPS OF PEOPLE, ONE OF INEXPERIENCED AND ONE OF EXPERIENCED DRIVERS, WERE SUBJECTED TO UNEXPECTED SKIDDING IN A SPECIAL VEHICLE. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE OF PULSE RATES. RESULTS SHOWED THAT BOTH INEXPERIENCED AND EXPERIENCED DRIVERS ARE SUBJECTED TO SIMILAR STRESSES DURING AN UNEXPECTED SKID, BUT THAT IF THE SKID IS EXPECTED THE EXPERIENCED DRIVER HAS AN ADVANTAGE. THE PULSE RATE OF EXPERIENCED DRIVERS DURING AN EXPECTED SKID WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT OF INEXPERIENCED DRIVERS.


Experimental data suggest that the spectral density of the radio refractivity, N, exhibits a strong dependence on stability (Richardson's number, Ri) at the low frequency range and a weak dependence on stability at the high frequency range. Furthermore, the average spectral decay of N was found to be in reasonably good agreement with the "−5/3" law; however, significant departures from this law were observed depending upon the frequency range considered. In fact, systematically smaller spectral decays were observed at low frequencies and larger decays at high frequencies.


Objective To study the neuroendoscopic anatomy of operative fissures in sellar region via pterional keyhole approach, providing an anatomical basis for neuroendoscope-assisted microneurosurgery (EAM) via this approach. Methods A total of 15 cadaveric heads were dissected via pterional keyhole approach and the anatomical structure of the five operative fissures were studied with neuroendoscope. Results Microanatomy of the operative fissures in sellar region was observed well by neuroendoscope, especially the minute structures, such as the superior hypophyseal artery (SHA)and the perforating arteries, backside hidden but important structures of which were inspected with angle endoscope "bypassing" the nerves or arteries. Conclusion An endoscope can be applied to enlarge the visible field of microsurgical anatomy in sellar region via peterional keyhole approach microsurgery.The neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery can reduce intraoperative distraction of brain tissues and focal vessels or nerves in skull bottom, and complications to improve the efficacy of microsurgery in sellar region.

Key words:
Pterional approach;  Keyhole approach;  Sellar region;  Neuroendoscopic anatomy


Abstract : An apparatus is described which can be used to make physiological studies of algae, study their growth, development, behavior of the biomass, photosynthetic productivity, especially as dependent on the intensity of basic ambient factors (light intensity, carbonic acid concentration, bubbling intensity and others). It may also be used to compare the physiological evaluations of the productivity of newly selected natural and scientifically selected types and forms, make physiologico-biochemical and other experiments with algae. (Author)


In hard real time systems tasks must meet their deadlines under guarantee Soft real time tasks may miss deadlines occasionally as long as the entire system can provide the speci ed quality of service In this paper we investigate the hard and soft real time performance of sorting algorithms and compare it to their average performance We show in which way the adequacy of an algorithm depends on the demanded performance criterium hard soft or non real time The results provide a guideline to select the right sorting algorithm for a given application


This paper presents a deep learning approach for sound events detection and time-delay direction-of-arrival (TDOA) for localization, which is also a part of detection and classification of acoustic scenes and events (DCASE) challenge 2019 Task 3. Deep residual nets originally used for image classification are adapted and combined with recurrent neural networks (RNN) to estimate the onsetoffset of sound events, sound events class. Data augmentation and postprocessing techniques are applied to generalize the system performance to unseen data. Direction of sound events in a reverberant environment is estimated using a time-delay direction-ofarrival TDOA algorithm. Using our best model on validation dataset, sound events detection achieves F1-score of 0.84 and error rate of 0.25, whereas sound source localization task achieves angular error of 16.56 degree and 0.82 frame recall.


Triazole is an important organic compound.In this article,we synthesised 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives with click chemistry.A microwave-assisted three-component reaction was used to prepare a series of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles from corresponding sodium azide,alkynes and benzene sulfonates via CuI catalyzed.Controling microwave power 65~80 W,temperature 50~75℃,the reaction was completed in 15 min,the yield of 81%~94%.The structure of new products(e~p) was confirmed by IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、DEPT、HR-MS、elementary analysis.The results indicated that the reaction simple and under mild conditions,and it was environmentally friendly.


Abstract   The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the sports community as well. Despite the vast majority of athletes experiencing mild symptoms, potential cardiac involvement and complications have to be explored to support a safe return to play. Accordingly, we were aimed at a comprehensive echocardiographic characterization of post-COVID athletes (P-CA) by comparing them to a propensity-matched healthy, non-COVID athlete (N-CA) cohort. One hundred and seven elite athletes with COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled after an appropriate quarantine period and formed the P-CA group (23±6 years, 23% female). From our retrospective database comprising 425 elite athletes, 107 age-, gender-, body surface area-, and weekly training hours-matched subjects were selected as a reference group using propensity score matching (N-CA group). All athletes underwent a comprehensive clinical investigation protocol comprising 2D and 3D echocardiography. Left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volumes (EDVi) and ejection fractions (EF) were quantified using dedicated softwares. To characterize LV longitudinal deformation, 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) and the ratio of free wall versus septal longitudinal strain (FWLS/SLS) were also calculated. In order to describe septal flattening (SF – frequently seen in P-CA), LV eccentricity index (EI) was measured. P-CA and N-CA athletes had comparable LV and RV EDVi (P-CA vs N-CA; 77±12 vs 78±13mL/m2; 79±16 vs 80±14mL/m2, respectively). P-CA group had significantly higher LV EF (58±4 vs 56±4%, p<0.001) and GLS (−18.2±1.8 vs −17.6±2.2%, p<0.05). Eccentricity index was significantly lower in P-CA (0.89±0.10 vs 0.99±0.04, p<0.001), which was attributable to a distinct subgroup of P-CA athletes with a prominent SF (n=34, 32%), further provoked by inspiration. In this subgroup, the eccentricity index was markedly lower compared to the rest of the P-CA group (0.79±0.07 vs 0.95±0.07, p<0.001). In the SF subgroup, LV EDVi was significantly higher (80±14 vs 75±11 mL/m2, p<0.001), while RV EDVi did not differ (82±16 vs 78±15mL/m2). Moreover, the FWLS/SLS ratio was significantly lower in the SF subgroup (0.92±0.09 vs 0.97±0.08, p<0.01). Interestingly, P-CA athletes with SF experienced fatigue (17 vs 34%, p<0.05) or chest pain (0 vs 15%, p=N/A) less frequently during the course of the infection; however, the presence of a mild pericardial effusion was more common (41 vs 12%, p<0.01). Elite athletes following COVID-19 showed distinct morphological and functional cardiac changes compared to a propensity score-matched control athlete group. These results are mainly driven by a subgroup, which presented with some echocardiographic features characteristic of constrictive pericarditis (septal flattening, lower FWLS/SLS ratio, pericardial effusion). Follow-up of athletes and further, higher case number studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance and potential effects on exercise capacity of these findings. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Post-Covid athlete with SF


Introduction An Historical and Political Profile of Four States An Overview of Fifteen Elections, 1976-80 Political Context and Issues Campaign Expenditures The Campaign I - Media Intensive Campaigns The Campaign II - Grass Roots Activity Voting Behavior Confusion and Rationality on Ballot Question The 1982 Elections High Spending, Old Issues Revisited, and the Nuclear Freeze Conclusion


Abstract : A multi-year effort was conducted to investigate the impact on human cognitive and physical performance capabilities resulting from the introduction of a new Army command and control vehicle with modernized digital communications systems. This was a joint effort by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory in partnership with the Directorate of Force Developments at the U.S. Armor Center and School at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and the U.S. Army Operational Test and Evaluation Command at Alexandria, Virginia. Literature searches and background investigations were conducted, and a model architecture based on a taxonomy of human performance was developed. A computer simulation design and methodology was implemented with these taxonomic based descriptors of human performance in the military command and control domain, using a commercially available simulation programming language. A series of computer models was written and results were developed that suggest that automation alone does not necessarily improve human performance.


Professional education and labour have been nationally deregulated in the past decades. On the EU-level there is, however, a dynamic integration and re-regulation away from 'hard tools' and a growing importance of 'soft regulation'. The aim of this article is to study the development of methods for integration concerning professional education and work, taking into account the role of EU authorities as well as professional bodies, which are increasingly organised on an EU-basis. This is performed by using architects and psychologists as case studies illustrating contrasted situations. The concept of integration is covering processes as regulation, standardisation and networking. On the EU-level, there is an integration and re-regulation of professions by a European elite participating in federations with great potential for professional integration. Their opportunity structure has increased at the same time as the regulation has turned into mere soft standardisation with bottom-up participation rather than top-down, hard regulation.


The crystal structure, chemical composition, and rare earth content of yttrium-- beryllium minerals of the datolite group were investigated. (C. E.S.)


Catalytic FeCl 3 in acetic acid has been employed as a cost-effective, low-toxicity reagent for the removal of butane 1,2-diacetal protecting groups under mild conditions.


Autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations can be rewritten as systems of first order ordinary differential equations and one of the dependent variables chosen as a new independent variable. Some of the variables are eliminated to give a mixed system of first and second order equations for which the determination of point symmetries can be automated without having to make an Ansatz on the detailed structure of the symmetry. Because the coefficient function for the original independent variable appears only as its derivative in the reduced system, symmetries which are nonlocal in this variable become local symmetries of the reduced system and can be computed algorithmically.


The main aim of this article is to present a general panorama of different disciplines which have shown interest in the study of reading as an intersubjective and intrasubjective activity. Some of the questions which have been formulated from the theoretical frameworks are shown, as are the main findings. Social and cognoscitive dimensions are considered fundamental for conceptualizing and researching reading in a more complete and complex way.


Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) are a commercially important class of thermoplastic elastomers, which have an inherent nanostructured morphology. This chapter introduces thermoplastic polyurethanes before summarizing the benefits of introducing various types of nanofillers using various processing methods and highlighting the engendered properties and performance. A detailed discussion of the influence of nanofillers on TPU morphology is provided, as well as a section on biomedical applications and nanofiller toxicity.


To solve the yield reduction and quality brought by continuous cropping,promote sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production,the change of microbial community structure on flue-cured tobacco soil rhizosphere in the different cropping systems was studied.The results showed that the similarity of flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping system in two and five years was higher for bacterial community structure.There were big differences for bacterial community structure with 'soybean-maize-flue-cured tobacco' and 'maize-soybean-flue-cured tobacco',while 'soybean-wheat-flue-cured tobacco' was middle.As for fungi community structure,the 'soybean-wheat-flue-cured tobacco','soybean-maize-flue-cured tobacco' and 'maize-soybean-flue-cured tobacco' were highly similar.The flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping system in two and five years was changed and the continuous change of 5 years was bigger.Therefore,the micro-organisms community structure of flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping,especially the change of rhizosphere fungi community structure may play an important role occurred in flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.


The dynamic change and spatial–temporal distribution of vegetation coverage are of great significance for regional ecological evolution, especially in the subtropics and tropics. Identifying the heterogeneity in vegetation activities and its response to climate factors is crucial for projecting ecosystem dynamics. We used long-term (2001–2018) satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) datasets and climatic factors to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation activities in an experimental area in Guangdong Province (China), as well as their links to changes in temperature (TEM), relative humidity (HUM), precipitation (PRE), sunshine duration (SUN), and surface runoff. The pruned exact linear time change point detection method (PELT) and the disturbance lag model (DLM) were used to understand the detailed ecological coverage status and time lag relationships between the EVI and climatic factors. The results indicate the following. (1) At the whole regional scale, a significant overall upward trend in the EVI variation was observed in 2001–2018. More specifically, there were two distinct periods with different trends, which were split by a turning point in 2005. PRE was the main climate-related driver of the rising EVI pre-2005, and the increase in TEM was the main climate factor influencing the forest EVI variation post-2006. (2) A three-month time lag effect was observed in the EVI response to relative humidity. The same phenomenon was found in the sunshine duration factor. (3) The EVI of farmlands (one type of land use) exhibited the largest lags between relative humidity and the sunshine duration factor, followed by grasslands and forests. (4) The comprehensive index of surface runoff could explain the time lags of vegetation activities, and the surface runoff value showed an apparently negative relationship with the vegetation coverage change.


In reflecting on how the psychoanalytic determination of groupness (as per Wilfred Bion) is carried out, the author first attempts a brief theoretical clarification of the term as it is understood in the field of group psychoanalysis. He seeks to demonstrate that when using the somewhat ambiguous term we should take care not to confuse the extension of psychoanalysis to the empirical domain of the group, on the one hand, with the « metapsychology » of the subject's internal groupness, understood as a level of analysis concerning the familial context of the primary bonds, on the other.


Grassland
utilization situation and the interrelations among grasslands, animal husbandry, cropping
and forestry was discussed based on the natural characteristics in Yulin. The resource
superority and obstacle factors of sustainable development for grassland resources were
discussed. In order to safeguard and utilize the grassland resources scientificly, some
developing strategies were proposed: (1) Establish new relation between agriculture and
animal husbandry according to the principle of system theory; (2) Establish permanent forage
grass bases and apply rotational grazing; (3) Recover the vegetation by replanting, to raise
livestock grazing capacity; (4) Establish balance among water, grass and livestock; (5)
Strengthen grassland scientifice research and advanced technology extenssion; (6) Establish
supervisory and information system of animal husbandry production.


This chapter develops and defends an unrestricted inferentialist theory of the meanings of logical constants. Unlike restricted inferentialism, unrestricted inferentialism puts no constraints on which rules can determine meanings. The foundations of inferentialism are also discussed, including various types of holism and the distinction between basic and derivative rules. In order to develop and defend a detailed inferentialist theory of logic, this chapter provides an inferentialist account of the "logical" constants, solves Carnap's categoricity problem for the meanings of logical constants, and provides inferentialist approaches to both the psychology and metaphysics of logic. Finally, the chapter briefly discusses the challenge to unrestricted inferentialism posed by tonk and related types of bad company. Building on the foundation provided by Part I (chapters 1-2) of the book, this chapter provides a freestanding development and defense of logical inferentialism.