Numerous studies confirm the effectiveness of mouthwashes on the viability of microorganisms that produce gingivitis and halitosis, but little is known about their influence on the oral environment. The objective of the following work was to analyze In vivo and In vitro the effect of mouthwashes on total non-stimulated saliva. We worked with saliva from healthy individuals. For In vivo study, samples were collected before and after oral rinsing at different times (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). For the In vitro assay, the saliva was incubated with equal volume of the rinse solution at 37 ° C with shaking at different times (1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes). PH was determined immediately collected samples. Subsequently they were centrifuged and determined salivary flow and total proteins. Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was performed only in the In vivo assay. The results showed that fluoridated rinses hardly alter oral physiology through salivary flow, pH and total proteins. The combination of sodium fluoride / xylitol produced greater stimulation of salivary flow. The mixture of essential oils caused an increase in salivary flow and pH, reduced the total protein content, evidencing by SDS-PAGE that those involved were particularly those of medium and low molecular weight. Chlorhexidine due to its high substantivity, significantly increased salivary flow and pH In vivo. In vitro, outside the oral environment, the rinses studied had a similar effect on total proteins. Rinses used frequently altered VARGAS, C. F.; KOSS, M. A. & LÓPEZ, M. E. Acción inmediata de los enjuagues orales en la saliva. Int. J. Odontostomat., 11(3):339-346, 2017.


State of charge (SOC) is one of the most important parameters in battery management systems, as it indicates the available battery capacity at every moment. There are numerous battery model-based methods used for SOC estimation, the accuracy of which depends on the accuracy of the model considered to describe the battery dynamics. The SOC estimation method proposed in this paper is based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and nonlinear battery model which was parameterized using extended laboratory tests performed on several 13 Ah lithium titanate oxide (LTO)-based lithium-ion batteries. The developed SOC estimation algorithm was successfully verified for a step discharge profile at five different temperatures and considering various initial SOC initialization values, showing a maximum SOC estimation error of 1.16% and a maximum voltage estimation error of 44 mV. Furthermore, by carrying out a sensitivity analysis it was showed that the SOC and voltage estimation error are only slightly dependent on the variation of the battery model parameters with the SOC.


The potential flow of fluid around a circular cylinder, which is located mid-way between two parallel walls, is a seemingly simple problem that evokes the recurring interest of hydrodynamicists. But previous investigators report quantitatively differing numerical results, with some differences exceeding 15%. This note reports the application of a refined finite element technique to this problem in an attempt to resolve these differences.


. Guava is susceptible to various phytopathogenic fungi that could be associated with canker diseases. In Pakistan, farmer's economy is heavily affected by this devastating disease. One of the several strategies to managing it is to develop canker disease resistant guava varieties. For the complete understanding of the associated pathogen and its detailed characterization are required. In this study, Neopestalotiopsis spp accessions of Fungal Molecular Biology Culture Collection UAF (FMB-CC-UAF) isolated from canker affected guava plants were investigated to find genetic diversity among them based on ISSR markers. Eleven (11) ISSR primers were used to analyze eight (8) Neopestalotiopsis accessions. Genetic variation among these fungal accessions were estimated using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based genetic diversity analysis and Nei's genetic diversity. Among them FMB-Guv-JF2 and FMB-Guv-JF7 showed 13.01% genetic difference to each other. However, the maximum genetic distance was estimated to be 82.32% between FMB-Guv-B2A and FMB-Guv-B1. Generated dendrogram revealed the grouping of investigated fungal accessions into distinct clusters with considerable genetic diversity. It is also supported by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) which showed dispersed pattern of these fungal accessions indicating diverse genetic base.


A 31 year old lady was admitted with worsening of right sided hemiparesis, on a background five month history of mild right upper limb weakness, and upper limb sensory ataxia. MRI revealed a longitudinally enhancing intrinsic cord lesion from C2-C7 with severe cord expansion, raising initial suspicion for ependymoma. Inflammatory aetiology was considered due to multiple areas of involvement, with T2-weighted signal change within the cervical and thoracic spine, and brain. CSF revealed 4 mononuclear cells, normal protein, normal CSF-serum glucose ratio, T lymphocyte predominance on histology, and no neoplastic cells on flow cytometry. Testing for tuberculosis was negative, including CSF, and extensive imaging did not reveal malignancy. Aquaporin-4 antibodies were positive, and the patient showed marked improvement to intravenous steroids and oral taper, with significant radiological resolution at two months. This case highlights an unusual presentation of NMO, with progressive history over five months, and unusual radiological findings, including severe cord expansion. Positive aquaporin-4 antibody and excellent clinical and radiological response to immunosuppressive therapy confirmed the diagnosis. We took this opportunity to review the clinical presentation and MRI findings in 31 of our five year NMO patient cohort (26 aquaporin-4 antibody positive, 3 anti-MOG positive and 2 seronegative).


Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is considered as a versatile coating material that finds a variety of mechanical and biomedical applications, including endoprosthesis and dental implants [1]. It provides mechanical robustness and cell-compatibility at the same time. Therefore, DLC has been extensively researched for achieving high hardness, low friction, high wear resistance to make it more sustainable [2]. Furthermore, DLC coatings are antithrombogenic and noncytotoxic. Consequently, they are being critically explored for various in-vivo and in-vitro biomedical applications ranging from orthopaedic applications to cardiovascular as well as neural interfacing agent. As such, DLC coatings has been certified as biocompatible in both in vitro and in vivo studies due to their strong C-C bonding environment [3,4].


In twentieth-century intersections of China and Asia with the United States, translations did more than communicate meaning across politicized and racializing differences of language and nation. Instead, transpacific translation breached the regulative protocols that created those very differences of cultural value and meaning. The result saw translators cleaving to the sounds and shapes of poetry to imagine a translingual "likeness of form" but not of meaning or kind. At stake in this form without meaning is a new task of equivalence. As a concept, equivalence has been rejected for its colonizing epistemology of value, naming a broken promise of translation and false premise of comparison. Yet in veering from those very ways of knowing, the writers studied in this book theorized a poetic equivalence, negating the colonial foundations of the concept to discover the power of translation in surprising places. Igniting aporias of meaning into flashpoints for a radical literary translation, the book's immanent readings narrate accounts of poetic equivalence across the iconoclastic poetics of American modernist Ernest Fenollosa, the vernacular experiments of Republican-era China's central reformer Hu Shih, the trilingual musings of modern Chinese writer and Los Angeles expatriate Eileen Chang, the unfinished work of the Asian American transmedial artist Theresa Cha, and a post-Tiananmen elegy by the contemporary Chinese poet Yang Lian. The conclusion returns to the deconstructive genealogy of recent debates on translation and untranslatability, displacing the convention of radical alterity for a no less radical equivalence.


Three fractional-order transfer functions are analyzed for differences in realizing (1 + α ) order lowpass filters approximating a traditional Butterworth magnitude response. These transfer functions are realized by replacing traditional capacitors with fractional-order capacitors ( Z = 1 / s α C where 0 ≤ α ≤ 1) in biquadratic filter topologies. This analysis examines the differences in least squares error, stability, − 3dB frequency, higher-order implementations, and parameter sensitivity to determine the most suitable (1 + α ) order transfer function for the approximated Butterworth magnitude responses. Each fractional-order transfer function for ( 1 + α) = 1 . 5 is realized using a Tow–Thomas biquad a verified using SPICE simulations.


The article shows that the year 2020 taught us a lot and opened our eyes to a number of issues. However, it was precisely the Covid situation and the then announced pandemic that allowed many of us to slow down our pace of life a little and take a broader look at the world around us. The author, a well-known variety vocal teacher, reflects on the possibility of training vocal in an online format, while realizing such an essential component of the educational process as mentoring, and shows that the mentoring function is a necessary part of vocal lessons. It can be realized both through the choice of the repertoire and through communication between the teacher and the student. Vocal classes provide such an opportunity in the best possible way, since individual communication involves the transfer of one's own worldview to the students, who perceive both the idea of the beautiful, and form their own technical singing skills, as well as build their own picture of the world following the teacher.


The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a growth accelerant for lotus rhizomes. The growth accelerant is prepared from the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 0.5-1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1% of calcium chloride, 0.02-0.06% of fulvic acid, 0.005-0.02% of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.005-0.02% of 6-benzylaminopurine, equal to or smaller than 0.002% of a-naphthlcetic acid, 0.2% of alcohol of which the concentration is 95%, and the balance of water. The invention further discloses a method for promoting the breeding of lotuses by using the growth accelerant for the lotus rhizomes. The growth accelerant for the lotus rhizomes and the method for promoting the breeding of the lotuses have obvious promoting effects on the planting of lotus roots and the growth of the lotus rhizomes, the growth accelerant is small in volatility, is nontoxic, and generates no pollution to the environment.


To find a more effective teaching method, the acceptance of migrant brides from China, Vietnam, and Japan of Korean history was investigated using the survey method. Four types of teaching methods were investigated. Before participating in the survey, migrant brides from Vietnam preferred the cramming teaching method (CTM), and those from China and Japan favored an audiovisual teaching method (ATM). However, after experiencing four types of teaching methods for a week—the CTM, ATM, comparative-history teaching method (CHTM), and discussion teaching method (DTM)—participants from Vietnam indicated the highest preference for ATM, whereas those from Japan and China preferred CHTM. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that a comparative-history teaching method is most effective for teaching migrant brides from countries with a history of recurrent cultural conflicts with Korea.


Taking 60 series passenger car tire with different section width as study object,the influence of tire contour design parameters including R1(radius of the first arc of tire tread),R2(radius of the second arc) and h(arc height of the tire crown) on the tire footprint was investigated by finite element analysis method.The results showed that,the bigger the R2 and h values were,the better the tire footprint was.The optimum R1 was approximately 3 times of the section width,and the preferred h value was 8 or 8.5 mm.This study could provide a reference for the optimization of passenger car tire footprints.


The linear vertex-arboricity of a graph G is defined to the minimum number of subsets into which the vertex-set G can be partitioned so that every subset induces a linear forest. In this paper, we give the upper and lower bounds for sum and product of linear vertex-arboricity with independence number and with clique cover number respectively. All of these bounds are sharp.


Received: April 11, 2019 Accepted: May 12, 2019 Published: May 31, 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 3 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2019.2.3.12 Landscape is used as a tool to bring to the fore the reverberations of the past and is employed as a vehicle for cultural interrogation and native evaluation. What is imperative in the analysis of Caribbean poetry, is the heightened attention that is placed on the natural landscape of the islands. This paper discusses how landscape is manipulated and presented as the frame for the search for identity which the speaker in Notebook of a Return to a Native Land grapples with. Cesaire, or more specifically, the speaker, uses landscape both metaphorically and literally to evaluate and define identity. Studying the complexities of Landscape is not a new feat with regards to A Notebook of a Return to a Native Land, however this paper takes it a step further as to situate landscape as the binding force of all other branches of thought that the speaker presents in the poem. KEYWORDS


Summary A strategy for automatic time-picking using results from the stationary discrete wavelet transform (SDWT) as an input to the STA/LTA (short-term-average over long-term-average) filter is proposed. This strategy is compared against four other published methodologies using both synthetic and real data. The compared methodologies are the standard STA/LTA filter using energy as characteristic function (CF), STA/LTA filter using a CF that takes into account the derivative of the input trace, the modified energy ratio function, and the SDWT using the square of the first scale. The comparisons observed in this work suggest improved results when using methods based on the SDWT.


February 1922 was to be a momentous month for Ireland's philatelic and literary history.1 On February 1, the day before the publication of James Joyce's Ulysses, a press notice appeared from J. J. Walsh, the new Postmaster General of the Irish Free State and former 1916 fighter, calling for designs "of a symbolic character" for the Free State's first postage stamps.2 On the 11th, a Dublin correspondent reported that armed guards were watching over the stamps that would serve in the interim, British stamps featuring King George V overprinted with the inscription Rialtas Sealadac na hÉireann 1922 (Provisional Government of Ireland 1922) (Cooke 38). That same day, James Joyce wrote to Sylvia Beach about his concerns that Ireland's postal transition would impact mailing copies and notices of Ulysses: "I think all Irish notices ought to be sent out as with a new Irish postmaster general and a vigilance committee in clerical hands you never know from one day to the next what may occur."3 On the 17th, following their escort by armed guards to the GPO, the first overprinted Free State stamps "denoting drastic political changes" and "of great interest to philatelists" were issued to the public and to collectors worldwide (see Figure 1).4 As a columnist for the Irish Times would later ask rhetorically,


We investigate the problem of maximizing the number of processors in a massively parallel computer when the degree of the internal nodes and the diameter of the network are physically constrained. The solution we propose for this problem is a fat-tree with processors at the leaves. The basic building block of this fat-tree is a two-level fat-tree. This two-level fat-tree is obtained >from complete sets of mutually orthogonal Latin Squares. As an application of this approach, we describe a novel interconnection network in which each internal node of the fat-tree is a ring. These rings are constructed using the integrated circuit QR0001 Data Stream Controller Interface, produced by National Semiconductor. Restricted to at most 16 interfaces per ring and to a network diameter of at most four, the resulting interconnection network has 51,984 processors. 1 Introduction Interconnection networks for massively parallel computers have been studied in depth during the past few years 1, 5, 10, 15]. Interconnection networks with a multi-ring topology have not, however, been fully investigated , although they have been found to be well-suited for high-performance parallel architectures 11], and multiple rings have been used to synthesize general topologies 9]. The design of a multi-ring interconnec-tion network must take into account physical limitations on the number of interfaces that can be accommodated on an individual ring and on the diameter of the network. We distinguish between two types of interfaces, those that provide access to a processor and those that act as a switch. The function of a switch is to allow transfer of data from one ring to another. Given the physical limitations of the particular communication medium, the question we ask is: How can multiple rings be connected in a multi-ring interconnection network so as to maximize the number of processors? The issue of how the numbers of switches and rings increase with the number of processors is also examined. We address the above question for interconnection networks, in general, and for a network based on the integrated circuit QR0001 from National Semiconductor, in particular. QR0001 is a high-speed communication switch with a data transmission rate of 180 MBytes/sec. It has been designed to accommodate a maximum of 16 interfaces on a ring with a maximum network diameter of four. The performance of the network depends heavily on the speed of the switches. QR0001 has high speed at low cost and is an option to …


A kinetic spectrophotometric study has been performed on the reactions of p-nitrophenyl benzenesulfonate (PNPBS) with m-chlorophenoxide, p-chlorophenoxide, phenoxide, p-methylphenoxide and p-methoxyphenoxide ions in DMSO–H2O mixtures at 25.0 °C. Systematic variation of the DMSO content showed that the second-order rate constants (k2) changed only moderately upon addition of DMSO up to 20 mol% for reaction of p-chlorophenoxide, phenoxide and p-methylphenoxide. On the other hand, the rates of reaction for all of the phenoxide ions studied increased markedly in solvent compositions greater than 40 mol% DMSO. The nature of the transition state (TS) for these reactions was probed via Bronsted-type linear free energy relationships (LFERs). Traditional Bronsted-type plots (method 'A'), in which the remote substituent on the aryloxide was varied and the solvent composition was held constant, were constructed for the reactions of the phenoxides with PNPBS in each of the following solvent compositions: 40%, 50%, 70% and 90% DMSO by mole. Novel Bronsted-type plots (method 'B'), in which variation in phenoxide pKa, was imparted through solvent changes while the remote substituent was held constant, were also constructed for the reactions of each of the five phenoxide nucleophiles. Method A yielded a set of lines whose slopes (βnuc values) decreased steadily from 0.75 in 40 mol% DMSO to 0.60 in 90 mol% DMSO. Method B yielded a single straight line, βnuc= 0.60, with satisfactory linearity for all data points (r2= 0.995, 95% Cl =±0.021 ), although closer examination suggested slight curvature with βnuc varying from 0.54 for p-CH3O to 0.66 for m-Cl. These results point to a discrepancy in the traditional view that Bronsted-type LFERs can be directly translated into a TS structure. Considerations based on the Marcus equation suggest that linearity in a Bronsted-type plot may result for a set of reaction series with differing intrinsic barriers provided that ΔG#0 varies linearly with ΔG0.


This paper utilizes asymptotic expansions of the Edgeworth type to investigate alternative forms of the Wald test of nonlinear restricti ons. Some formulae for the asymptotic expansion of the distribution of the Wald statistic are provided for a general case that should include most econometric applications. When specialized to the simple cases that have been studied recently in the literature, these formulae are found to explain rather well the discrepancies in sampling behavior that have been observed by other authors. It is further shown how the corrections delivered by Edgeworth expansions m ay be used to find transformations of the restrictions that accelerate covergence to the asymptotic distribution. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.


The article describes the main issues related to the provision of quality of laboratory tests aimed to diagnose tuberculosis and monitor the efficiency of its treatment in the Russian Federation. It speculates on the organization of laboratory diagnostics at all stages, in the laboratories of TB services. Some high priority activities for certification of laboratories have been offered.


Marine aggregates were examined for the first time in the hydrated state using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Sample preparation consisted of fixation followed by rinsing with distilled water to remove excess salts and fixative. Aggregates were continuously observed at resolutions comparable to conventional scanning electron microscopy through stages of hydration, from completely immersed to desiccated. Because no metallic coating is required, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) can be used to analyse rapidly constituent elements occurring at low concentrations with no spectral interference. Subtle differences in mineral particles were seen in both EDXS spectra and in direct observation of relative hydration, reflecting apparent differences in mineralogy. ESEM enabled examination of effects of desiccation and rehydration on individual particles composed primarily of hydrated polymer and eliminated dehydration artefacts in delicate organisms.


In this work it is proposed an analysis of the foremost inertial measurements to take into account for the estimate of the lean angle in two-wheeled vehicles. As it is well-known, the roll angle is a crucial variable in the dynamic of a two-wheeled vehicle, since it greatly affects the behaviour of the tire-road contact forces, especially in the lateral direction. Hence, the capability of providing a real time and reliable measure of such quantity allows to evaluate the dynamic properties of the vehicle and its tires and represents the enabling technology for the design of advanced ABS systems and stability control systems. The aim of the analysis proposed in this work is to identify which are the inertial measurements (accelerations and angular rates) that are strongly related to the lean angle and that can be used to estimate it in a urban path. Ideally, the measured lateral acceleration and the vertical angular velocity are the only crucial variables to estimate the tilt angle of a motorcycle, but in a real condition characterized by the presence of slopes, banks and variable speed, also the longitudinal measurement axis becomes relevant.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Striatal molecular imaging of presynaptic markers of nigrostriatal neurons has been developed and implemented to investigate the pathophysiology of parkinsonian disorders, including idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). For people with PD in particular, one goal was for these imaging tools to permit objective measurements of disease severity, potentially independently of the vagaries of clinician-based rating scales and the symptomatic effects of concomitant drug therapy. To this end, several different classes of radiotracers for PET or SPECT imaging have been developed, including those that target the membranous dopamine transporter (DAT) that resides on presynaptic terminals.


Nowadays organized crime is considered as a real threat to the security of any country, but in particular, to the security of countries with fragile democracies that do not have any strength, tradition or experience to effectively deal with it. In this regard, for Balkans, this phenomenon is considered as the main threat to the security of each country and the region in general and in particular for our country Kosovo. Despite the progress achieved, the creation of institutions since 1999 had three transitions; UNMIK period 1999-2008, the declaration of independence on February 17, 2008 and the arrival of new EULEX mission in 2009 that was made to build a new future through integration process in the European Union, in the eyes of the international community our region is still considered quite fragile and challenging. The events of 1990-1999 in former Yugoslavia created great difficulties not only for the new states but also in the actual integration developments that these countries aim not to lose the chance to refute another infamous epithet as "organized crime haven". In this epithet may have doses of exaggeration, but the truth for these last 20 years is that, while all kinds of industries in the region have failed, there is a thriving new "industry", working day and night in full capacity: industry of organized crime.


Excerpt Gram-negative bacteria, variously calledHerellea, Mima polymorpha, Bacterium anitratum, Moraxella, B5W, Diplococcus mucosus, andNeisseria Winogradskyi, have been reported frequently as caus...


The potential role of education attained after the age of 50, for example, vocational training or recreational courses, in cognitive reserve has been unexplored. We examined the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between late life education (LLE) and global cognitive function in older adults.


Attribute-based communication is an interesting alternative to broadcast and binary communication when providing abstract models for the so called Collective Adaptive Systems which consist of a large number of interacting components that dynamically adjust and combine their behavior to achieve specifc goals. A basic process calculus, named AbC, is introduced whose primary
primitive for interaction is attribute-based communication. An AbC system consists of a set of parallel components each of which is equipped with a set of attributes. Communication takes place in an implicit multicast fashion, and interactions among components are dynamically established by taking into account\connections" as determined by predicates over the attributes
exposed by components. First, the syntax and the semantics of AbC are presented, then expressiveness and effectiveness of the calculus are demonstrated both in terms of the ability to model scenarios featuring collaboration, reconfiguration, and adaptation
and of the possibility of encoding a process calculus for broadcasting channel-based communication and other communication
paradigms. Behavioral equivalences for AbC are introduced for establishing formal relationships between different descriptions
of the same system.


Abstract We have discovered that the extracted juice of unripe astringent persimmon fruit, designated as "kakishibu" or "shibuol," has an extremely high affinity for uranium. To develop efficient adsorbents for uranium, we tried to immobilize kakishibu (persimmon tannin) with various aldehydes and mineral acids. Persimmon tannin immobilized with glutaraldehyde can accumulate 1.71 g (14 mEq U) of uranium per gram of the adsorbent. The uranium accumulating capacity of this adsorbent is several times greater than that of commercially available chelating resins (2–3 mEq/g). Immobilized persimmon tannin has the most favorable features for uranium recovery; high selective adsorption ability, rapid adsorption rate, and applicability in both column and batch systems. The uranium retained on immobilized persimmon tannin can be quantitatively and easily eluted with a very dilute acid, and the adsorbent can thus be easily recycled in the adsorption-desorption process. Immobilized persimmon tannin also has a high aff...


The study was carried out in a test group of six partially gastrotomized human volunteers by the urinary excretion method and results obtained were compared with a control group of nine healthy human volunteers. Both groups received three riboflavin solid dosage forms with two different dosage regimens in a crossover design. The observed data were fitted to a two compartment model by using the PKP Ⅱ (2) digital computer program on a microcomputer for both dosage regimens for each subject.A significant difference in the amount of excretion of riboflavin was found between the two groups, urinary recovery of riboflavin was lower in the test group than in the control group (P0.01). In comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters, Ka was significantly greater and Tmax was significantly less in the test group than in the control group, but no statistically significant difference in the values of β was observed.These differences are attributed to gastric emptying rates as well as the dissolution rates of the dosage forms.These results suggest that it is practically possible to increase the bioavailability of persons after partial gastroctomy by administering rapid release preparations or by multiple dosage regimen,


With the advent of parallel systems, opportunities for efficiency exist that have yet to be exploited, especially in the area of garbage collection. In this paper, a parallel generational garbage collection algorithm is presented that extends previous work by exploiting opportunities for parallelism in the garbage collection process itself. A prototype implementation of the parallel generational collector was developed and its execution simulated to determine its efficiency. For a certain class of programs, the parallel generational collector performed up to 67% less copying than a parallel copy collector and reduced elapsed times up to an additional 12%; corresponding reductions in overhead for the ongoing program were also observed.


I. PRINCIPLES OF LABORATORY MANAGEMENT. 1. Organizational Structure. Elaine Brett. 2. Leadership Styles. Ellen Hope Kearns & Elaine Brett. 3. Management Function. Randall Lambrecht & Marie Cato. 4. Managerial Problem-Solving and Decision-Making. Vicki Freeman. II. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. 5. Human Resource Guidelines & Regulations. Christine Walters. 6. Job Analysis, Work Description, and Work Groups. Janet Hall/Jean O'Malley. 7. Performance Evaluation and Professional Development. Lani Barovick/Denise Harmening. 8. Education and Training: Practical Tips for Educators and Trainers. Denise Harmening. III. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT. 9. Fundamentals of Financial Management. Paul Griffey. 10. Healthcare Reimbursement. Jeanne Donnelly. 11. Cost/Benefit Analysis. Janet Hall. 12. Budget Preparation and Justification. Irina Lutinger. IV. OPERATIONS. 13. Compliance Issues: CLIA, OSHA, CAP/JCAHO. Sharon Ehrmeyer/Ronald H. Laessig. 14. Process Designs, Work Flow, and Staffing. Sandy Brown. 15. LIS (Laboratory Information System). Ann Tiehen. 16. Marketing Concepts. Michael Kurtz. 17. Career Planning. Denise Harmening.


Colesevelam lowers LDL cholesterol levels a small amount (7 to 16 percent) when used alone and provides additional cholesterol lowering when added to statin therapy. It has a slightly beneficial effect on HDL cholesterol levels, has no effect on triglyceride levels, and is well tolerated.


The paper has compiled the actual status for grades X80 and X100 from a point of view of a plate manufacturer. An outlook for a possible extension of feasibility and further development is also given. It can be summarized: 1) plates for gas transporting pipes with strength level of grade X80 are nowadays available up to 25.4 mm and can be produced with the same reliability and reproducibility as lower grades; 2) extension of grade X80 to higher plate thickness even in combination with very low design temperature is practicable; 3) during development stages of grade X100 different approaches has been applied. The current preferred approach to produce plates for pipes with design temperature of 0 °C makes use of a low carbon content in combination with a medium carbon equivalent. So called HACCII process is applied to produce these plates. Plates in thickness up to 20 mm for pipe diameter up to 36 11 (~914 mm) have been produced with adequate properties; 4) further development is required and started to extent grade X100 to higher thickness, higher pipe diameter and lower design temperatures.


A numerical simulation of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is developed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for the analysis of a multi-exposed image (Fourier transform, auto-correlation and tracking). The trajectory of each particle is obtained by solving a modified Langevin equation in a three-dimensional limited field in which the statistical characteristics of the flow are assigned. In this way it is possible to obtain the position of the baricenters of the seeding particles at prefixed time intervals. A plane section through the field simulates a light sheet on which is obtained, by numerical methods, a multi- exposed image. The analysis is performed with a different number of seeding particles and with different noise levels in order to obtain the effectiveness threshold of each tested method.


This article examines the main directions of industrial policy, covering the knowledge economy, integration into global value chains, the new industrial revolution, stable development, etc. It should be noted that in the current environment, industrial policy is characterized as more diverse and complex. The article also presents the main stages of development in approaches to industrial policy in the world. Such models of industrial policy as capacity building, protective, catch-up development, based on innovation, aimed at a new industrial revolution are considered. The characteristics of these models of industrial policy are given, in which the differences in the degree of industry specificity, the degree of intervention, the degree of openness to external competition, and the degree of export orientation are studied in more detail. Three phases of industrial policy were studied. Models and tools of industrial policy in high-income countries are also considered. The experience of countries such as South Korea and Taiwan, which have transformed from a group of upper-middle-income countries to a group of high-income countries through high innovation costs have been studied. In particular, the forms and tools of industrial policy in these countries are considered. Thus, the article studied the world experience of creating and implementing industrial policies in highincome and upper-middle-income countries.


Three undergraduate students participated in photovoltaics research at the University of Toledo in the summer of 1992 under the NSF-sponsored program Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU). Highlights of their work are presented here. Their work all involved studies of polycrystalline thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells. One project involved electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements of doped and undoped CdS and CdTe films on glass, the second project involved improving and calibrating both a spectral quantum efficiency system and a triple spectrometer used for Raman and photoluminescence work, and the third project involved implementing an optical beam induced current (OBIC) system.<<ETX>>


Ground station signal coverage is directly related to the actual monitoring ability of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast system,therefore it has an important guiding significance for the location of ADS-B system. The paper put forward an open area ADS-B ground station signal coverage analysis method. First,a two-ray model was adopted to simulate the channel of ground-to-air data-link,under the condition of LOS the main reflection propagation and direct propagation interference phenomenon. Second,an antenna was designed which can meet the requirements of ADS-B standard,and the radiation range of signal in free space was calculated. Then,the terrain was combined to calculate the LOS distance. Finally,take Tianjin airport as an example,analysis was carried out and the result was compared with other algorithms using the actual data to verify this forecast range. Experimental results show that the surface reflection is the key factors influencing the ground coverage,and the two-ray model can accurately simulate signal attenuation. The method in this paper provides theoretical support for the location of ADS-B system.


This research presents the analysis of the economic feasibility of the intervention program including ergonomic factors in the security, load and physical design of units for teaching, research and links to the career of Animal Science in the ESPAM-MFL, starting with a literature review and the application of two phases of the procedure with the techniques of observation and the realization of a check list that identified and described the current situation of workers, such as: direct contact with chemical substances in laboratories and agricultural activities, limits in the physical design of the incubator and the use of incorrect positions in the field units, it was later estimated the magnitude of the risk in the workplace where experts were allocated to the problems encountered, then we used the method of coefficient of Kendall and proceeded with the Matrix Method, using a cartesian plane indicated that the majority of the risk factors needed improvement actions, described the situation in situ, the benefits and the corrective procedure for the improvement actions. It is concluded that it is economically feasible the application of this improvement plan because costs was estimated at $7,893.95 representing 1% of the investment allocated to the unit, it is recommended the application of this improvement plan to have a higher performance, and increases the quality of working life in the organization.


The article published recently in the Lancet Global Health, COVID-19: mitigating the transmission via wastewater plumbing systems [1] is a synthesis of 17 years of study into the spread of disease as a result of defects in the wastewater plumbing system (sanitary system) within buildings, however it the issues associated with this mode of transmission are more appropriately attributed to tall (high-rise) or complex buildings [2].


We present experimental and theoretical results for the linear rheology of melts of entangled, three-arm asymmetric polyisoprene stars. Asymmetric three-arm stars, in which two arms have the same length and the third is shorter, cross over from starlike to linear-like stress relaxation as the length of the third arm varies. We combine recent theories of stress relaxation in symmetric stars and in linear melts to predict the dynamic modulus of the asymmetric stars. For stars with short arm molecular weights of a few entanglement lengths, our theory underestimates the effective drag caused by the short arm, even when polydispersity effects are included. This unexplained discrepancy does not appear in a recent comparison of a related theory with measurements on polyisoprene H-polymers.


Abstract The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is a maternally imprinted gene transcript that, in conjunction with the neighboring Igf2 gene, is critical in controlling embryonic growth. Loss of H19 results in fetal overgrowth associated with Beckwith Weidemann syndrome, while elevated H19 occurs in human cancers. In the adult, H19 functions in cancer cells where it promotes migration and is correlated with poor prognosis, and in adult stem cells where it is a key regulator of cell fate decisions during differentiation. While the function of H19 in primary somatic cells has not been defined, a reduction in the abundance of H19 has been reported during senescence in endothelial cells. Given the critical importance of H19 in cell fate decisions, it is likely that understanding the precise function of H19 in somatic cells in general and why reduced levels occur with cellular senescence will provide novel insights into both somatic cell maintenance and the senescence program. Towards this end, we examined the role of H19 in somatic cell growth using cardiac interstitial fibroblasts. Our results indicate that H19 is not only vital for somatic cell proliferation and survival, but that depletion of H19 leads to cell cycle arrest and the formation of abnormal nuclei resulting in senescent cells. We are defining both the upstream regulators of H19 and the downstream mediators of senescence following H19 depletion. Overall, these results indicate an essential role for H19 in cell cycle progression, chromatin structure, and possibly proper mitotic division.


In this issue, we are reminded how fortunate we are to have such erudite Board members who actively contribute to our journal's scope and depth. An Editorial from Nancy Milio, Mother of Healthy Public Policy, tackles the vexed question of ideology, science, and public policy as applied to public health. She lays on the table the scary consequences of the ideologically driven policies of the Bush administration, with "faith based programmes" in departmental areas as varied as agriculture, housing, health, justice, and the Veteran's Administration now receiving two billion pounds a year, and Orwellian phenomena such as the Centers for Disease Control being told not to monitor the birth rates of girls in abstinence only programmes. Milio goes on to describe the consequences of faith's twin, the market, as an uncritical ideology that brings with it less transparency and an erosion of civil rights. Penetration of religious fundamentalism into policy, and the elephant in the living room that nobody in political life dares talk about, bodes ill for the …


What is presented here is a sequence of evolving concepts for network intrusion detection. These concepts start with neuromorphic structures for XOR-based signature matching and conclude with computationally based network intrusion detection system with an autonomous structuring algorithm. There is evidence that neuromorphic computation for network intrusion detection is fractal in nature under certain conditions. Specifically, the neural structure can take fractal form when simple neural structuring is autonomous. A neural structure is fractal by definition when its fractal dimension exceeds the synaptic matrix dimension. The authors introduce the use of fractal dimension of the neuromorphic structure as a factor in the autonomous restructuring feedback loop.


The adaptation of the powdered particle process used for pure metal oxides to the coprocessing of rhenium oxides suitable to produce pure miniature resistojet hardware has been successful. Both slip casting and extrusion processes were used. The metal oxide ZrO2 was stabilized into the cubic phase with Y2O3, for use as a potentially grain stabilizing additive to rhenium. Straight meter long tubing in two sizes are reported. Tubing suitable for resistojet ohmic heater use of fully fired dimensions of nominally 3.8 mm o.d. x 2.2 mm i.d.. and 1.26 mm o.d. x .45 mm i.d. with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% zirconia additives were produced for further study. Photomicrographs of these are discussed. The addition of the metal oxide zirconia to rhenium resulted in more dense and less porous parts. The additions of phase stabilized zirconia most likely act as a sintering aid. Tubes of varying diameter were slip cast which were representative of miniature pressure cases.


RESULTS Vector field maps and relative regional compliance maps were compared visually between groups. Examples of the results obtained are shown in Figure 1 for a selection of patients and controls Vector field maps of regional motion in healthy volunteers illustrated a relatively smoothly increasing magnitude of motion from lung apexes to the diaphragm as expected. There was symmetrical motion from left to right lungs in the majority of cases. In the vector field maps of COPD patients there was a dramatic loss of symmetry of lung motion in some cases indicating one lung was more affected than the other. In other cases, areas of reduced motion could indicate possible regions of disease in the upper parts of the lung. Compliance maps for the healthy volunteers were found to be essentially homogenous in the majority. An increased overall heterogeneity was evident in the compliance maps of COPD patients compared with healthy volunteers, with regions of increased/decreased relative regional compliance indicating likely diseased lung areas. Examples of repeat visits for patients with good slice matching are also shown in Figure 1. A qualitative visual assessment shows that the reproducibility between visits is good, with both the relative regional compliance maps and the vector fields indicating similar regions of abnormality in both visits. CONCLUSIONS An image warping method has been used to investigate pulmonary motion and relative regional compliance in healthy volunteers and COPD patients of varying disease severity. In the majority of cases, clear differences could be seen between COPD patients and healthy volunteers with vector field maps illustrating areas of reduced motion and a loss of symmetry in the patients. Regions of high/low relative regional compliance in patient maps may be associated with regional pathological changes within the lungs. Visual assessment of patient maps from two separate visits indicated similar regions of likely disease, confirming the results of the method are reproducible.


My optimism about applications of machine learning to condensed matter physics is very cautious. In an earlier commentary [1] I argued that condensed matter physics is unlike identifying cat photos, and therefore we might not benefit from going further than a robust linear regression. I believe the main reason for my argument still holds: because we deal with controlled problems and know a large part of the answer in advance, our data is often too simple to warrant machine learning. When writing this, I was however mostly considering applications of machine learning to theory. Experiments are a different story, and they require a lot of work invisible to a theorist's eye. The largest hurdle in advanced experiments is not the observation of the relevant phenomenon, but bringing the device to a correct regime and calibrating it. I have once visited an optics lab, where the Ph. D. students would spend every single morning measuring the parameter drift that occurred overnight and compensating for it. Then after lunch, an afternoon of measurements and a night of parameter drift, everything would repeat again. Likewise tuning a system of multiple quantum dots may take months of painstaking work regardless of whether the goal is to observe Kondo physics, make a spin qubit, or simulate a Hubbard model. Both works that I discuss tackle this problem using an automated approach. In the work of van Diepen et al. the authors use something I would call a physicist's approach: their tuning protocol relies on a physics-based model of their device. The algorithm starts by identifying areas in the space of gate voltages that matches to different charge states. Then it fits all the observed anticrossings between energy levels to an effective model in order to determine couplings of different gates to individual levels and to define the so-called "virtual gates" that only control a single dot. At the last step, iterative tuning


Direct current motor has the fine getting up,braking function,it is level and smooth to transfer the speed in extensive range to be suitable,it is all riper with practice that direct current pulls the control system in theory,from the view point of feedbacking ring of closing,it exchanges the foundation of pulling the control.This article designs a DCS-6 direct-current speed regulation system,is the rotational speed and the electric current double closed loop velocity modulation system which using ASR,the ACR regulators carries on,has the good velocity modulation performance.


A plate element based on Reissner-Mindlin (RM) theory is developed by using isogeometric approach. The non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is used to represent the geometry of plate and the unknown displacement field. Therefore, all terms required in this element formulation are consistently derived by using NURBS basis function. Several numerical examples are conducted to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the present plate element. From numerical results, it is found to be that the present plate element produces the isogeometric solutions with sufficient accuracy. Finally, the present isogeometric solutions are provided as future reference solutions.


Disclosed are a virtual try-on system and a virtual try-on method; the virtual try-on system comprises the following elements: a plurality of camera modules used for capturing images in different angles of a real target in a real scene and tracking states of the real target in the real scene; a processing module used for receiving the images of different angles of the real target in the real scene and states of the tracking real target in the real scene, a state of a virtual target in the real scene can be calculated according to the state of the real target in the real scene, and the virtual target and the real scene are combined to form an AR image according to the calculated state of the virtual target in the real scene; a display module used for outputting and displaying the formed AR image.


The Nigeria economy is rich with a variety of industries making different contributions to the economy at their individual capacities. The telecommunication industry began to have significant influence on the Nigeria's economy since the year 2001 when GSM (global system for mobile) communication was launched in the country. GSM first seemed to many residents of Nigeria as a dividend of democracy, but as time rolled by GSM has found applications in virtually every aspect of the Nigeria economy offering both joy and pain to people just as there are two sides to a coin. This research showed that service delivery to customers had been better and more profitable than at its inception. Nonetheless, some had taken advantage of this emerging technological revolution in the country to take advantage of others negatively. The positive and negative effects were analyzed and recommendations were made in order to have more positive effects and very negligible negative effects on the users of GSM. The federal government and other major regulatory bodies in this field must increase sensitization of the populace so they can be victors, not victims in the use of GSM services.


The Future Control of Food is a valuable addition to the vast literature on the commoditization of food and its effects on the livelihoods of poor people in 'developing' countries. Like related works, the contributors to the volume attempt to contrast individualized and short-term ideas of nature, property and benefits upheld by powerful actors in 'developed' countries with more localized understandings of and access to nutritious foodstuffs and biodiversity. The volume not only explains the bewildering array of rules and forums related to intellectual property (IP) and biodiversity in place as of the date of its publication (parts I and II), but also refers to a series of civil society movements that attempt to counteract market-oriented policies guiding the production, distribution and consumption of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture or PGRFA (part III). While the chapters are more descriptive than analytical, broad ethical issues of IP arise such as the incompatibility of ideas of nature, property and ownership in the farming and breeding sectors, contradictions and interrelations between public and private domains, and power struggles that have emerged between individuals, communities, nation states and international bodies. In chapter 1 Geoff Tansey introduces the chief paradox of IP, which he sees as a 'legal fiction' based on the Western principle that human modifications of nature become the property of the inventors. As implicated in his argument and throughout the book, ideas about what should and should not be patented or protected, as well as key concepts such as innovation and liability, depend on how one distinguishes nature from culture or technological innovation. The legitimizing effect of assigning property rights to living beings only goes so far in IP as the non-human sphere may not always be as controllable as most IP advocates suppose. One representative example, mentioned by Geoff Tansey (chapter 1) and further explained by Susan Bragdon, Kathryn Garforth and John E. Haapala Jr (chapter 5), is the case of Monsanto v. Schmeiser in which a breeder's right under IP to prohibit the spread of patented transgenetic seeds (which was, in this case, unintended) undermined a Canadian farmer's right as a landowner to save seed and manage his farm. The authors use this case to illustrate that long-held assumptions concerning private property rights, such as freedom of choice and the promotion of innovation, are being re-formulated in legal battles over IP. The problem of definition in IP not only impedes understandings of what is meant by private property but also hinders attempts to draw borders around the commons. As Pedro Roffe (chapter 3) notes, exceptions to patentable life forms under TRIPS J. Biosoc. Sci., (2010) 42, 141–143


Endovascular thrombectomy have emerged as crucial treatment options for patients with acute ischemic stroke who are ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)or in whom such therapy has failed. We assessed the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke patients who failed intravenous tPA. Five of6patients achieved recanalization by means of endovascular technique and showed favorable outcome. Endovascular thrombectomy after intravenous tPA can be safe and effective for the ischemic stroke with major artery occlusion.


PURPOSE: An automatic excrement treating device and a control method thereof are provided to adjust the operation of a vacuum pump and a heater. CONSTITUTION: An automatic excrement treating device comprises a mounting unit(1) and a main body(2). The main body comprises a waste suction unit(40), a clean water supply unit(50), and a controller. The waste suction unit sucks the waste of a waste receiving unit, stores the waste in a waste storage unit(20), and supplies the air filtered in the filter unit(30) to the mounting unit or discharges the air outside. The clean water supply unit heats clean water supplied to the mounting unit. The controller simultaneously or selectively operates a vacuum pump and a heater.


Objective To explore the clinical signiticance of quantitative computed tomography(QCT) adjust bone mineral density measurement in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods The vertebral BMD of 604 elderly patients were measured. Results BMD between 50 ~ 59 years group and 60 ~ 69 years group was significantly different, and women even more prominent. With age increasing, BMD of women decreased more rapidly than that of men. Females in 60 ~ 65 years had high incidence of fractures, while man was more than 70 years. Conclusion QCT could provide specific osteoporosis BMD values and contribute to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Key words:
QCT;  Osteoporosis;  Bone mineral density measurement


We introduce a method of using the second-order correlation of entangled photon pairs for fluorescence imaging. The method relies on the fact that one photon of the pair carries information on where the other photon has been absorbed and has produced fluorescence in a sample. Because fluorescent molecules serve as "detectors" breaking the entanglement, multiply-scattered fluorescence photons within the sample do not cause image blur. We discuss practical implementations.


This study emulated unscheduled phishing e-mails over a long period of time by imitating the manner in which external hackers attacked a group of employees in a company. We then measured and analyzed the recipient's ability to identify and respond to phishing e-mails as training progressed. In addition, we analyzed the changes in participants' response behavior when changing the external control condition between the training. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the training duration had a positive (+) relationship with the employees' ability to identify phishing e-mails and the infection rate, and more employees read emails and infected with phishing attacks using social issues and seasonal events. It was also confirmed that reinforcement of internal control policy on infected persons affects positively (+) on the phishing attack response behavior of employees. Based on these results, we would like to suggest the right training method for each organization to enhance the ability of employees to cope with phishing attacks.


Various non‐invasive methods have been evaluated in chronic hepatitis B, but none of them have been fully validated for the assessment of liver fibrosis. The issued EASL‐ALEH 2015 guidelines provide detailed algorithms based on LSM and ALT serum levels. The aim of our study was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of this algorithm and to better understand discrepancies. Four hundred and thirteen patients from 3 centres were retrospectively included. All included patients were classified for fibrosis stage according to results of a liver biopsy. The overall diagnostic value was expressed with AUROCs given with 95% confidence intervals for the diagnostic targets. For each diagnostic target, optimal cut‐offs were determined according to the Youden method. For the population of patients with ALT9 kPa, respectively. For patients with ALT>N but ≤5N (n = 306), AUROCs of transient elastography were 0.79 (0.73–0.84) and 0.84 (0.75–0.92) for F ≥ 2 and F ≥ 3 diagnostic targets. The prevalence of significant fibrosis was, respectively, 15%, 52% and 85% when LSM was <6kPa, between 6 and 12 kPa or >12 kPa. Our study independently validates the EASL‐ALEH algorithm based on ALT levels and LSM assessed by transient elastography.


Bone marrow stem cells are multipotential and capable of transdifferentiation to myocardium and regeneration myocardium by bone marrow stem cell transplantartion is investigated worldwide.But,some studies argue that bone marrow stem cells can not transdifferentiate to myocardium,its benefit could result from angiogenesis or vaculogenesis.The transplantation procedure is at risk of obstruct coronary circulation and the transplanted stem cells could lead to arrhythmia.


This paper describes the, design, simulation and implementation of a novel Ultra-fast `ripple' Sorting algorithm. It comprises a dual pipelined, ripple based hardware for sorting numerical data, which can used for real-time applications. The ripple algorithm begins sorting or ranking immediately upon arrival of data at the input. Unlike other sorting algorithms, it does not require storage of all incoming data prior to starting the sorting process. Most significantly the outcome of the Sorting process is deterministic, irrespective of the order in which the data arrives at the input. The presented technique is extremely fast due to the systematic approach resulting in one clock cycle for processing, propagating and storing all incoming samples. Each sample is systematically rippled down via multiple pipelined processing blocks. The entire pipeline is processed simultaneously per clock cycle basis.


Consider two continuous linear operators $T\colon X_1(\mu)\to Y_1(\nu)$ and $S\colon X_2(\mu)\to Y_2(\nu)$ between Banach function spaces related to different $\sigma$-finite measures $\mu$ and $\nu$. We characterize by means of weighted norm inequalities when $T$ can be strongly factored through $S$, that is, when there exist functions $g$ and $h$ such that $T(f)=gS(hf)$ for all $f\in X_1(\mu)$. For the case of spaces with Schauder basis our characterization can be improved, as we show when $S$ is for instance the Fourier operator, or the Cesaro operator. Our aim is to study the case when the map $T$ is besides injective. Then we say that it is a~representing operator ---in the sense that it allows to represent each elements of the Banach function space $X(\mu)$ by a~sequence of generalized Fourier coefficients---, providing a complete characterization of these maps in terms of weighted norm inequalities. Some examples and applications involving recent results on the Hausdorff-Young and the Hardy-Littlewood inequalities for operators on weighted Banach function spaces are also provided.


The World literature, while replete with cases of radiation dermatoses, contains a paucity of reports of the more serious sequelae of such cutaneous injuries. Until 1942, approximately only 125 cases of occupational cancer and 63 of therapeutic carcinoma resulting from radiation had been reported from all countries (16, 19, 21, 24). The 36 cases of Cannon, Randolph, and Murray (5) comprise the largest series of radiation cancers. The present reported series includes 59 examples of roentgen and radium carcinoma of the skin resulting from post-irradiation dermatitis. Newly imposed standards of protection and education in precautionary measures have not prevented adventitial x-ray exposures in the dental and medical professions, therapeutic sequelae in patients, and beta-ray burns in workers engaged in atomic energy and medical research programs. The extended employment of x rays, radium, and radioactive substances in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and their applicability in industry and go...


We analyze the phenomenon of baryon-number violation at finite temperature in the standard model, and derive the relaxation rate for the baryon density in the high-temperature electroweak plasma. The relaxation rate {gamma} is given in terms of real-time correlation functions of the operator {bold E}{center dot}{bold B}, and is directly proportional to the sphaleron transition rate {Gamma}: {gamma}{proportional to}{ital n}{sub {ital f}}{Gamma}/{ital T}{sup 3}. Hence it is {ital not} instanton suppressed, as claimed by Cohen, Dugan, and Manohar (CDM). We show explicitly how this result is consistent with the methods of CDM, once it is recognized that a new anomalous commutator is required in their approach.


The purpose of this project was to quantify the magnitude of changes in skid resistance over time, to isolate the variables that seem most important with respect to the changes, and, to the degree possible, formulate a model for converting skid resistance values obtained under a given set of conditions to the values that would be measured under a different set of conditions. The Virginia Department of Highways & Transportation survey skid trailer, the the Department's research trailer, the research stopping distance car, and the grease patch method of measuring surface texture were evaluated with respect to time-and weather-dependent changes in measured values. The grease patch method of measuring texture seems to have the same basic relationship to weather variables as does the Department's survey trailer, but the relationship is inconsistent among sites. Also, the use of this method is time consuming and expensive. The research trailer experienced so many breakdowns that the researchers place little confidence in the results obtained with this testing device. For the stopping distance car it was found that the average standard deviation for all test speeds on the six sites tested was 3.26 skid numbers. For the Department's survey skid trailer it was found that adjustments could be made to measured values to predict values for times other than when the measurements were made, either by evaluating weather variables or using specified correstion values for designated months. (FHWA)


Candid, inspiring, occasionally arrogant, and always thought-provoking musings on business from corporate leaders of yesterday and today. Conveniently arranged by such topics as Competition, Employees, Vision, Teamwork, Profitability, and other boardroom topics, all presented without corporate spin.


A novel antenna integrated the advantages of the Yagi–Uda and the dielectric rod antenna (DRA) is presented in this communication. The antenna mainly consists of a tapered printed Yagi–Uda, a tapered dielectric cover, and a periodic dielectric rod. First, a tapered printed Yagi is designed as the primary feeder and embedded inside a tapered dielectric rod to improve the directive gain, radiation efficiency, and sidelobe levels. The influence of the dielectric cover to the Yagi is discussed. Then, a dielectric rod with triangular periodic surface is also loaded to the end of the dielectric cover to obtain higher gain and better front-to-back ratio. Finally, a sample of the antenna working at 8.5–9.7 GHz with 18 dBi maximum gain and −23.37 dB sidelobe level is designed. A prototype is fabricated and tested; the measured results match well with the simulated. Compared with the traditional Yagi–Uda antenna and DRA with the same length, the presented integrated antenna has higher gain with lower sidelobe level.


This paper suggests a method for active power sharing between several dispatchable and dispersed generation units in a microgrid with one or more connections to the main grid. The dispatchable power sources within the microgrid must promptly and adequately make up for natural demand changes and the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources for optimal operation. In microgrids with one or more grid connectivity, the paper presents a novel active power-sharing strategy that achieves the above-mentioned goal effectively. The suggested method's robustness is verified under various microgrid operating circumstances. Results confirmed the proposed method's adaptability to different operating conditions in the real world. Active power-sharing approaches are examined for a microgrid with several dispatchable distributed generation units (DDGU) operating in grid-interconnected and independent/isolated modes. Multiple grid connections at different points of the microgrid are investigated and recommended approaches are appraised. On a microgrid with one or more links to the conventional grid, this paper provides a novel and trustworthy approach for active power sharing across several DDGU. The proposed active power-sharing method is an effort to establish a feasible power-sharing technique that can be categorised for all, or most, types of interconnected microgrids. The outcomes demonstrate how the suggested technique can be adjusted to fit a range Results demonstrate how the proposed technique can be adjusted to fit a wide range of real life operational circumstances of microgrids.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish an integrated model of a service‐delivery system, customer relationship management (CRM), and customer satisfaction evaluation. The strategic objectives, such as the pursuit of key performances, the retention of customers, the provision of new services, can be realized through this integrated model. The paper then uses the "strategy map" of the balanced scorecard (BSC) to develop and deploy these strategies and the related objective performance indices.Design/methodology/approach – The establishment of a conceptually integrated model based on the literature review, holistic thinking, and the researchers' consultant experience. The development of strategy map and the related performance indicators based on the integrated model.Findings – The analysis presented by this paper shows that the perspectives of the BSC and the stages in CRM have good correspondence in the development of an integrated model.Originality/value – The integrated model, strategy map, ...


Inclusive neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections at intermediate energies (20MeV < Ey < 500MeV) are calculated throughout the periodic table for the most interesting nu clei from an experimental point of view. The method used had previously proved to be very accurate in calculating the induced reaction cross section for T=0 light nuclei ( 1 2 C and 1 6 0 ) and in the study of other similar processes like the ordinary muon capture. The electron-neutrino (ve) cross section weighted by the Michel distribution is also discussed in conjuction with the existing experimental results at LAMPF and Κ ARMEN. I. I N T R O D U C T I O N The study of neutrino-nucleus cross sections is of great importance in neutrino detec tion [l]-[6] in particular for nuclear targets used in the existing neutrino detectors [7]-[ll] and promising nuclear isotopes recently proposed to be used as neutrino detection tar gets [9],[12]-[20]. In the low neutrino-energy regime (E" < 20MeV), which includes the solar neutrinos and the low-energy supernova neutrinos [21], detectors need low thresh old energy targets; such targets used in detectors being in operation are the Cl in Davis experiment at Homestake [1,6] and the Ga in Gallex experiment at Gran Sasso [8] and in SAGE experiment at Baksan [10]. At intermediate (20MeV < Ev < 50MeV) and high-neutrino energies (Ev > 50MeV), the detected neutrinos are produced either during a solar flare [22] or in secondary cosmic rays (atmospheric neutrinos); for ob serving these more energetic neutrinos, nuclear targets with bigger threshold energy can be used. We mention that the neutrinos of a solar-flare give rise to neutrino energies of some hundred MeV or even in the GeV regime and the neutrinos coming from stel lar collapses are considered to have energies Ευ « lOOMeV. Neutrinos of such energy may excite a great number of nuclear states as e.g. in the 1MB and Kamiokande water detectors [23,24]. Presented by T. S. Kosmas.


Energy wastage in buildings is to be minimized to reduce the carbon footprint of electricity. Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) have been providing solutions for effective energy management within buildings. In this paper, we present a decisive server based context aware energy management system for smart buildings through Cyber Physical System (CPS) models. A layered architecture for building energy management is proposed to enhance scalability of the system. Heterogeneous wireless network based multiple radio gateway is proposed and implemented to make the system more adaptive to different applications catering to variable data rates. A smart room test bed is deployed in the IIT Hyderabad campus, where the decisive server collects various physical parameters through sensors, and based on the context generates wireless control messages to power electronics based actuators. Integrating context awareness into the system increases the efficiency in terms of energy savings and was observed to be significant, around 30%. The paper also presents a detailed analysis on the turnaround time required to realise the real saving after recovering investments. Applications are developed to integrate smart phones and tabloids providing web enablement to the end user. In this paper, each of the sensors and actuators in the smart room are associated with a state machine, which enables modelling of the system using Hybrid automata for future scope of applications.


Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a herbaceous plant grown at over 4,000 m in Peru. It has been studied worldwide for its properties on fertility. Previous studies have assessed maca effects on semen quality, but there is need of randomised, double‐blind trials in order to make clinical decisions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of maca on seminal parameters in infertile adult men. This is a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled pilot trial in which sixty‐nine patients diagnosed with mild asthenozoospermia and/or mild oligozoospermia were supplied by maca (n = 35) or placebo (n = 34) (2 g/day) for a period of 12 weeks. When compared patients treated with maca and patients treated with placebo, there were no significant differences in semen volume (2.95 ± 0.52 vs. 2.90 ± 0.52; p = .392), sperm motility (22.34 ± 2.22 vs. 23.05 ± 2.22; p = .462) and normal sperm morphology (7.89 ± 1.89 vs. 7.04 ± 2.28; p = .801), but there was a significant difference in sperm concentration (15.04 ± 5.61 vs. 10.16 ± 3.59, respectively; p = .011). In conclusion, patients treated with 2 g of maca for a period of 12 weeks showed a significant improvement in seminal concentration compared with patients treated with placebo. There were no significant differences in semen volume, sperm mobility and morphology when compared both groups.


The author looked into the life affairs of middle students in Lanzhou and studied the relationship between them and their mental health.The research revealed that every aspect was correlated with mental health while different aspects had different effect on mental health.And interpersonal relation was found to affect mental health most.


In case of multiple sclerosis the discrimination of double-pulses of
 light is a more sensitive test of local damage in the visual field
 than visual acuity and critical flicker fusion frequency (Galvin et
 al., 1976, 1977). The same technique is also a diagnostic tool for
 detecting glaucoma (Stelmach et al., 1986). Given these facts, it is
 surprising that the method of double-pulse resolution is rarely used
 in clinical vision research. This may be a consequence of the apparent
 contradictions between a number of studies on the foveal
 discrimination of double-pulses (Mahneke, 1958; Venables, 1963;
 Kietzman and Sutton, 1968; Boynton, 1972), as well as methodological
 problems. I tried to resolve the difficulties by measuring
 double-pulse resolution by means of an extended version of the
 paradigm of Stelmach et al. (1986). It allows the quasi-simultaneous
 measurement of double-pulse resolution at 9 locations in the visual
 field. I also employed an adaptive psychophysical procedure which
 provides a maximum likelihood estimate of the threshold parameter
 (Treutwein, 1989).


The technological process and antisepsis mechanism of arc spraying technology was introduced. The main characteristic, application and research development of the technique was discussed.


Objective To assess the feasibility of 18F-FDG PET/CT for differentiation of malignancy from benign in pericardial Lesions. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT data of 16 patients with pericardial lesions (9 malignancy, 7 benign) were analyzed using maximum standard uptake values (SUV(subscript max)) and the density of lesions, the relationship with surrounding tissues were also evaluated. The results of malignancy or benign were proved by needle biopsy. Results SUV(subscript max) of malignancy (10.1±6.0) and benign (3.0±2.1) was significant different (P<0.01). Taking the optimal cut-off value as SUV(subscript max) 3.5-4.5, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of differentiation of malignant from benign in pericardial lesions was 100%, 85.71%, 93.75%, 90.00% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict benign or malignance of pericardial lesions with moderate accuracy.


Objective:To observe the influence of Gengnianling on the menopausal syndrome animals.Methods: The ovary was removed to make an animal model of low sex gland function, hydrogenation cortisone used to produce a Yangxu animal model and thyroxine and reserpine to generate a Yinxu animal model.Results:Gengnianling raises the estrogen level in low sex gland function model, increases the weight of sex gland in Yangxu and Yinxu animals,enhances the stamina of Yangxu animal and reduces the painful reaction of Yinxu animal.Conclusion:Gengnianling possesses an obvious treatment action on the menopausal syndrome animals.


Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is on gratitude and revenge.Pu Songling transformed its actual content by means of karma.The aesthetic emotions and characteristics of stories about karma are as follows: the content of karma is socialized and moral;the main characters' behaviour is motivated and emotional;the narration is artistic and personalized.The theme corre-sponds to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio,whose articles are unusual yet morally correct and whose spirits are profound.


Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. It usually develops in males in the 6th and 7th decade and is caused by tobacco and alcohol consumption. Materials and Method: This study was performed on 40 histopathologically proven cases of squamous cell carcinoma of oral region in Department of Pathology SGRDIMSR, Amritsar, Punjab. Tissue were stained for H & E and further immunostained for p53 receptor. p53 expression was correlated with histological grading, age, sex, vascular, perineural, muscle invasion and lymph node metastasis. Results: In our study, maximum incidence was seen in age group of 41-60 years with a male:female ratio of 7:1. A statistically significant correlation between p53 positivity with grade of carcinoma and cases presenting with nodal metastasis was seen. However, no such correlation was seen with age, sex, vascular, neural and muscle invasion. Conclusion: p53 positivity shows a direct correlation with grade and lymph node metastasis of SCC in head and neck. Thus, p53 has an influence on prognosis.


Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of sorafenib in combination use with oxaliplatin(L-OHP) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and to explore the possible molecular mechanism.Methods The inhibitory effect of sorafenib together with L-OHP on the growth of human hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro was evaluated by CCK8 assay.The cell cycle changes and the apoptotic rate of the treated cells were determined by flow cytometry,and the expressions of ERK and pERK were observed by using Western blott.Results Both sorafenib and L-OHP when used alone could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells,and a synergistic or adding effect could be achieved when both sorafenib and L-OHP were used together(P 0.05).Sorafenib and L-OHP could cause cell cycle to stagnate at G1 phase and S phase,respectively.Combined use of the two drugs resulted in cell cycle arresting at G1 phase and S phase.The combination use of the drugs significantly increased the apoptosis rate of the cells as compared with that when only sorafenib or L-OHP was used(P 0.05).Sorafenib and L-OHP,whether used alone or in combination,did not produce obvious effect on ERK expression.However,pERK expression in the HepG2 cells was significantly lowered after the treatment with sorafenib alone or in combination with L-OHP,especially in the combination use group.Conclusion The combination use of sorafenib and L-OHP shows a synergistic or adding effect in inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells.The mechanism of this synergistic effect may be closely related to the double blockage of the cell cycle as well as to the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.


An inexhaustive review of Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics is given, focusing especially upon some of the historical aspects as seen from the biased viewpoint of a minor player in the field on and off for the past 30 years.


This paper presents preliminary corpusbased evidence from Russian for an "aspectual coding asymmetry". The main research question is: Can different lengths of aspectual verb forms be predicted? We assume that each verb has a default aspectual value and that this value can be estimated based on frequency, which according to Zipf (1936) has a negative correlation to length. Our study provides evidence that the aspectual default value is a better predictor of lengths of verb forms in Russian than frequency. In addition, we observed a positive but weaker impact of information content (Cohen Priva, 2008; Piantadosi et al., 2011), estimated from the verbs' syntactic dependents. A final result is the tendency for the impact of frequency to level out as IC increases.


. The vasculature of skin and of peripheral heat exchangers in Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura, mass 1.4 kg) was studied in relation to peripheral temperatures and behavior at ambient temperatures (TJ from 10°C through 50°C. The head's unfeathered skin contains thin-walled, anastomosing veins near the epidermis. Metatarsal skin has a similar venous plexus, but cutaneous vasculature from the wing's underside does not. Skin temperature (TJ at the crown was close to T, but T, at the nape was close to body temperature (Tb). At both skin sites T, changed with T,. Investigation of deeper vasculature showed that the head has bilateral ophthalmic retia that probably cool the brain and eyes, as in other birds. In the wing, the basilica vein branches to form a venae comitantes, a mesh of anastomosing veins that separately surrounds the radial and ulnar arteries. A bypass vein is also present. The temperature profiles along the IO-cm length of this humeral plexus became steeper with decreasing T,. At its distal end, temperature fell to 22°C at 10°C T,, with the steepest observed gradient being 3.0"Ucm. In each leg, the tibia1 and fibular arteries closely contact two to four venae comitantes to form a simple rete, as in other species. This helps conserve body heat in cold but, as in the wing, is probably bypassed during heat stress. Behavior ranged from neck and wing retraction with a pale head and feet at low T,, to neck and wing extension with a deep red head and feet at high T,. Panting, gular flutter, and urohidrosis accompanied these responses at the highest T,s.


Factors of suburban highway, such as oversized signalized intersection spacing, complex traffic composition, abundant exits and entrances along the artery, and low traffic demand always undermine the effectiveness of signal coordination. In order to decrease delay and number of stops on suburban highway, on the basis of bidirectional communication between vehicles and infrastructures in VII system, this paper proposes a novel speed guidance strategy according to vehicles' spatial and temporal trajectories and referred signal timing parameters. A microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM, is applied to develop simulation architecture for evaluating speed guidance strategy. As a case study, Cao'an Highway in Shanghai is taken as evaluation base for the preliminary assessment of the strategy operation capability and efficiency. The results show that, compared to fixed signal coordination, average delay and number of stops are decreased by about 29%.


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is recognized as an essential technology for the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. This is due to the possibility of object identification using passive tags which do not require batteries for their operation. Instead, tags are powered by the electromagnetic waves emitted from the reader and then the same electromagnetic wave is used as a carrier to reflect the modulated information about their unique serial number back to the reader. According to the EPCglobal Class‐1 Generation‐2 RFID standard, Dynamic frame slotted ALOHA procedure is used to solve the anticollision problem. Basically, a reader adjusts the frame length for the next reading round based on the estimated number of unread tags. To achieve high reading efficiency, an algorithm with accurate estimation of the remaining number of tags is required. The article shows that for the adjustment of the next frame length, only the number of collisions is relevant. A simple estimator for the frames with 64 slots is designed, and generalized for the frames of any length provided within the EPCglobal Class‐1 Generation‐2 standard. Contrary to existing solutions, which use more tables for storage of the estimated values depending on the frame length, proposed approach requires just one table. Also, the problem of estimation is reduced to dependence on the number of collisions only, while conventional approaches use the number of collisions and successful slots.


This study used the transactional model of stress and coping to examine the relationship between cancer survivors' self-reported efforts to manage stress and the adoption of health behaviors across various lifestyle behavior domains. The authors analyzed data of 2,888 cancer survivors from a national, population-based, cross-sectional survey. Cancer survivors who indicated making active efforts to control stress were more likely to make changes in their physical, psychosocial, and preventive health behaviors as compared to cancer survivors who used passive stress-coping approaches. Future interventions aimed at promoting health behaviors among cancer survivors may benefit from incorporating a stress-coping component.


Bovine mastitis has a negative impact through economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. A cross sectional study was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated risk factors and isolation of major causative bacteria in lactating dairy cows in selected districts of central highland of Ethiopia. A total of 304 lactating cows selected randomly from fi ve districts were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis. Based on CMT result and clinical examination, over all prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 70.62% (214/304). Two hundred fourteen milk samples collected from CMT positive cows were cultured for isolation of major causative bacteria. From 214 milk samples, 187 were culture positive and the most prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 42.25% (79/187) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae 14.43% (27/187). Other bacterial isolates were included Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species 12.83% (24/187), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5.88% (11/187), Escherichia coli 13.38% (25/187) and Entrococcus feacalis 11.23% (21/187) were also isolated. Moreover, age, parity number, visible teat abnormalities, husbandry practice, barn fl oor status and milking hygiene were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis and they were found signifi cantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis (p < 0.05). The fi ndings of this study warrants the need for strategic approach including dairy extension that focus on enhancing dairy farmers' awareness and practice of hygienic milking, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy and culling of chronically infected cows.


ANGINA PECTORIS responds within a few minutes of the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin in the overwhelming majority of instances. Many attacks are prevented by its prophylactic use prior to effort, emotional stress, meals, initercourse and recumbency. One should be certain that the preparation is effective and has not lost its potency. This can readily be ascertained by the occurrence of the nitrite effect of fullness or throbbing sensation in the head. If this does not occur, a new supply should be obtained. Often after prolonged use of nitroglycerin, effectiveness may be enhanced by inereasing the size of the dose from 1/200 gr. to 1/150 or 1/100 gr. At times it may be helpful to use nitroglycerin prophylactically every hour or 2 throughout the day. Nitroglycerin ointment, 1/2 to 1 inch spread on the skin without massage, may give a sustained nitrite effect for several hours.' It is particularly helpful when applied at bedtime to reduce nocturnal attacks. It may be repeated at intervals of 4 hours. Long-acting vasodilators have limited value. We prefer erythrol tetranitrate (Cardilate), 7.5 to 15 mg. buccally every 2 to 4 hours. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (Peritrate) 10 to 20 mg. is widely used and is occasionally helpful. The dosage must be individually adjusted to secure full pharmaco'ogic effect with minimum side effects such as headaches. Weight reduction should be undertaken for the overweight patient. It is a common clinical observation that angina may improve after weight reduction but little may be expected from such a program for frequently


The utility model relates to an injection molding machine mobile terminal based on an Android platform. The injection molding machine mobile terminal comprises an injection molding machine PLC (programmable logic controller) based on TwinCat software, an Android mobile device and a wireless communication device, the Android mobile device is provided with App (application) software, the App software can communicate with the PLC in real time, the PLC is in communication connection with the Android mobile device through the wireless communication device and provided with a communication interface, the Android mobile device is provided with an interface program communicating with the communication interface of the PLC, and the Android mobile device communicates with the communication interface of the injection molding machine PLC through the wireless communication device, so that variables of the PLC are read and written. The injection molding machine mobile terminal can communicate with an injection molding machine in real time through Wifi (wireless fidelity), networking management of numerous workshop devices can be realized, and the informationization degree of enterprise production management is greatly improved.


We explore a scroll interface that seamlessly extends the user's motor space around the screen or device by using a tracking system. The extended motor space relative to the visual space of the screen could contribute reducing the chance of clutching and increasing content visibility during casual and smooth content browsing. We empirically validated the scroll interface by comparing with traditional scroll interfaces (Drag and Flick) in two major screen conditions. The first screen condition was a large flat touch display where a non-full-screen window was displayed in its center and surrounding touch space was used for detecting user's finger movement to continue the scroll action beyond the window edge. The second condition was a mobile device with an external 3D tracking system that enables to keep tracking user's mid-air moving finger in order to maintain the scroll action. Our study showed this scroll interface provides many benefits such as less clutching actions, occlusion-less content observations, and fast and easy off-screen acquisitions and also provides some design implications for future scroll technique beyond the screen edge.


At present, grid division scale is larger than combustion fronts in numerical simulation of in-situ combustion.To improve this limitation, combustion model is divided into three absolute zones.Simultaneously based on the hypothesis, combustion reaction activation energy is large enough and limited, approximations of combustion temperature and combustion waves' traveling velocity are educed by moving coordinates and singularity perturbation approach.Those solutions are compared to finite difference numerical solutions in the core scale model.Results indicate that the effect of air injection rate on combustion dynamics of forward combustion is large.Moreover singularity perturbation solutions are close to finite difference numerical solutions on core scale model, and the singular perturbation approach solving the fronts propagation of in-situ combustion is feasible.


This paper presents the processing compatibility of ZnO piezoelectric film with MEMS devices. ZnO film has widely been used as an important element in the field of MEMS due to its good piezoelectric performance. The present investigations mainly focus on fabricating the ZnO film with good performance by optimizing the fabrication process. However, through our experiments, we found that further micromachining processes can badly modify the performance of ZnO film if they haven't been considered properly. Thus, different from other studies, this paper discusses techniques to keep the good piezoelectric performance of ZnO film in further processes after the ZnO film has been formed. These further processes for the device with ZnO film mostly include photolithography, wet and dry etching, stripping, cleaning, and depositing. The paper will present how these further processes change the performance of ZnO film and how to decrease or avoid the change of the performance, especially when the high temperature processes is needed. Some suggestion about process was given.


The members of the genus Apterichtus Duméril, 1806 are rare in abundance and poorly known taxonomically and biologically. Species specific characters of the genus are characterised by the absence of all fins, a lack of cirri on the upper lip, and the posterior nostril opening outside of the mouth, usually on the upper lip (Smith & McCosker, 1999). The European Finless Eel Apterichtus caecus (Linnaeus, 1758) is distributed from the eastern Atlantic to the western basin of the Mediterranean, and from Gulf of Ginea (Bauchot, 1986; Leiby, 1990). It was first recorded from Israel at the Levantine coast by Golani (1996), followed by records off the Antalya Bay in 2007 (Fricke, Bilecenoğlu, & Sarı, 2007; Gökoğlu, Güven, Balcı, Çolak, & Golani, 2009). A new record of A. caecus from the eastern Mediterranean is presented here.


Thin and uniform sources are always needed in β-spectroscopy. For this purpose, an apparatus of vacuum evaporation was designed, by mean of which sources such as In 114 ,Au 198 and Sm 153 have been prepared. The souces of In 114 were prepared respectively by the methods of drop evaporation and vacuum evaporation, and both were measured with the double focusing β-spectrometer and double lens β-spectrometer. Their internal conversion spectra were compared. The advantage of the method of vacuum evaporation is obvious. In addition, the Au 198 K-conversion line of 411.8 KeV γ-ray and Sm 153 K, L Ⅰ ,L Ⅱ , L Ⅲ convertion lines of 69.67 KeV γ-ray measured with double focusing β-spectro-meter are given.


Disruption in public transport networks has adverse implications for both passengers and service managers. To evaluate the effects of disruptions on passengers' behaviour, various methods, simulation modules, and mathematical models are widely used. However, such methods included many assumptions for the sake of simplicity. We here use multiagent microsimulation modules to simulate complex real-life scenarios. Aspects that were never explicitly modelled together are the capacity of the network and the effect of disruption to on-board passengers, who might need to alight the disrupted services. In addition, our simulation and developed module provide a framework that can be applied for both transport planning and real-time management of disruption for the large-scale network. We formalize the agent-based assignment problem in capacitated transit networks for disrupted situations, where some information is available about the disruption. We extend a microsimulation environment to quantify precisely the impact and the number of agents directly and indirectly affected by the disruption, respectively, those passengers who cannot perform their trip because of disrupted services (directly affected passengers), and those passengers whose services are not disrupted but experience additional crowding effects (indirectly affected passengers). The outcomes are discussed both from passengers' perspective and for extracting more general planning and policy recommendations. The modeling and solution approaches are applied to the multimodal public transport system of Zürich, Switzerland. Our results show that different information dissemination strategies have a large impact on direct and indirect effects. By earlier information dissemination, the direct effects get milder but larger in space, and indirect negative effects arise. The scenarios with the least information instead are very strongly affecting few passengers, while the less negative indirect effect for the rest of the network.


The computerization of the pharmaceutical industry has been progressing at a rapid pace and no end to these advances is in sight. The proliferation of this technology has required the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to focus more closely on the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) implications of the use of computer hardware and software in numerous aspects of the business of the pharmaceutical manufacturer. Computers are involved in the control of laboratory function, material review and analysis functions, and manufacturing operations.1 One of the most important aspects of the FDA review of the GMP and GLP implications of the computerization of the pharmaceutical establishment is the need to ensure that the software component is properly validated. This article addresses the statutory and regulatory basis of the FDA's jurisdiction and then analyzes the legal implications of the FDA's activities in this area.