Background: Sodium disturbances, either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, are the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in managing children with acute watery diarrhoea. Early diagnosis and prompt management of these conditions by identifying clinical predicting factors in diarrheal children under 5 years of age are critically essential to prevent deaths in such children, especially in resource-limited settings. Our study aimed to evaluate clinical predicting factors associated with sodium disturbance in children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 121 children of 2 months to 5 years of age admitted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram for acute watery diarrhea were included. Clinical features and sodium levels on admission were recorded. Children were grouped in hyponatremia (serum sodium <135mmol/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >145mmol/l) and normonatremia (serum sodium 135–145mmol/l) and compared.
Results: Of the 121 children, 18 (14.9%) were hyponatremic, 71 (58.7%) isonatraemic, and 32 (26.4%) hypernatraemic. Logistic regression analysis revealed that children who did not receive ORS before admission, had severe dehydration and lethargy on admission would be more likely to have hyponatremic dehydration. Children who were younger, received concentrated ORS, thirsty and had convulsions on admission would be more likely to have hypernatremic dehydration than children with isonatremia.
Conclusion: The type of ORS used and age appears to be good predictors of sodium disturbance in children admitted with AWD.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 71-75


Lab incubating and field experiments were conducted in order to study the influence of calcium soil amendment on soil properties of saline soil,yield and quality of tomato produced in greenhouse.The results showed that the dormant calcium soil amendment could change the ratio of exchangeable Ca2+ and Na+,decrease exchangeable Na+,pH,EC and total salt contents.The optimized applying rate was 1.50 mg·kg-1.Results from field experiment showed that increasing application of calcium soil amendment could notably improve the yield and quality of tomato produced in greenhouse.Compared with the control treatment,the yield of tomato was increased by 18.7 % and the soluble solid content increased by 20.2 %,titratable acid reduced by 23.1 % and exchangeable calcium content was increased by 34.0 %.The soil physic-chemical characteristics in greenhouse is evidently improved.


In this paper, we investigate the impact of fixed-t rm employment spells (fixed-term contracts and temporary work) on the integration on the labou r market for French school-leavers. Integration on the labour market is translated by t he transition to a permanent contract. We study, at the same time, the impact of three catego ri s f determinants on the school-leavers' integration on the labour market: individual's feat ures, a first fixed-term employment spell and a later fixed-term employment episode. More pre cisely, by taking into account the fixedterm employment spell duration, we identify four po ssible trajectories and we examine if fixed-term employment is a "stepping-stone" to perm anent employment. In order to control for possible endogeneity biases, trivariate probit models are implemented on a sample of 11 303 individuals obtained from the French "Généra tion 98" survey.


This article examines Heidegger's reading of Ernst Jünger's 1932 Der Arbeiter by making appeal not only to Heidegger's remarks on the work (and its associated text "Die totale Mobilmachung") scattered in various texts, but by concentrating on Heidegger's now‐available seminar notes and marginal notes to his actual copy of the text. Heidegger held two seminars on Der Arbeiter, one shortly after its publication and one in 1938, which show his close confrontation not only with Jünger's reading of Nietzsche, but also Heidegger's own Nietzsche examination. The article shows how Heidegger distinguishes himself from Jünger by, on the one hand, seeing Der Arbeiter as very much a product of its time and, on the other, identifying a prescience in Nietzsche of a Europe and planetary phenomenon (globalisation) yet to come. This is accomplished in the naming of the triad of Bolshevism, fascism (Nazism), and Americanism metaphysically as the singularity of "world democracy", and as an entirely nihilistic phenomenon. The article therefore relates the confrontation of these two thinkers with the third (Nietzsche) to issues of the demand for justice, democracy, and the will to power in contemporary economic and political developments, as well as to wider themes in Heidegger's thought of the end (or consummation) of metaphysics, the will to power, and valuation. 1. This paper was first given for the Research Seminar in the Department of Organisation, Work and Technology of Lancaster University Management School. I must here express my sincere gratitude to Bogdan Costea and Martin Brigham for their generous invitation to offer this paper in January 2008, for their hospitality, and above all for their profound thoughtfulness in provoking enquiry into these research questions.


This paper introduced a improving method for the control system of a kind of water heater using solar energy by SIEMENS LOGO! PLC, studied the system control requirement and the design of control program.


THERE ARE SEVERAL sources of error in enumerative studies. The error that arises in sampling is well recognized, but other sources, which may be more important, are often overlooked, even though they are present as much in complete coverages as in samples. For instance, there is a variability of response to be reckoned with even within the framework of well defined schedule concepts and well trained enumerators. Poorly worded schedule questions and inadequate training of enumerators not only intensify this variability, but are the cause of unreliability in the sense of biases. However, in the absence of a standard operation, which by definition would yield no error and would enable one to differentiate correct from incorrect results, and thus to recognize biases, it is perhaps better to speak of variability of response merely as a source of difference between the results of two or more coverages of the same universe, rather than to speak of a bias in one or both coverages. The purpose of this paper is to present some results on variability of response.' Relatively little is known about the degree of variability of response for different types of information or its relationship to other conditions of enumeration because the opportunity to measure it is limited to studies in which two sets of interviews requesting the same information for the same persons for the same period of time have been made. Relatively high costs have discouraged this kind of enumerative study while unfortunately, at the same time, differences in the results from applications of parallel techniques to the same universe for measuring the same phenomenon, without adequate explanation of the causes of these differences, have led to public confusion. As a consequence, doubt has been cast on the results of enumerative studies, yet these are the


This paper proposes a novel non-coherent TOA estimation scheme using multiple correlation process on the existence of multiple simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs). Impulse radio-ultra wideband (IR-UWB) based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) using Gold sequence is employed in order to discriminate each piconet. In order to enhance the characteristic of correlation, this paper presents the method of multiple mask operation (MMO). The time of arrival (TOA) of direct line of sight (DLOS) path is estimated via two step coarse/fine timing detection. To verify the performance of proposed scheme, two distinct channel models approved by IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group (TG) are considered. According to the simulation results, it could conclude that the proposed scheme have performed better performance than the conventional method well even in densed indoor multi-path environment as well as in the existence of multiple SOPs.


This paper is the result of a study of American and Russian critical literature on O. Henry and of Gorky's marks in the books of O. Henry's collected works currently stored in Gorky's personal library in Moscow. New approaches are now possi-ble to the assessment of the work of O. Henry and other American writers.


The suprising narrowness of the J or psi (3.1) is interpreted as indication of a pure cc state, and hence as evidence for the SU(8) ..-->.. SU(6) x SU(2)/subS//subc/ x U(1)/subY//subc/ symmetry-breaking chain (S/subc/ = charmed-quark--spin generators, Y/subc/ = hypercharm generator) instead of an approximate SU(8) ..-->.. SU(4) x SU(2)/subS/ chain (S = quark spin generators) which would imply strong mixings. Decompositions under both chains of the s-wave qq meson states of the 64 = 1 + 63 of SU(8) and of the 3q baryon states of the three-particle symmetric 120 representation are given. The most general mass-splitting operators with breaking in the Y and Y/subc/ directions for these two multiplets are derived, which commute with the Casimir operators of the SU(6) x SU(2)/subS//subc/ x U(1)/subY//subc/ chain, which contain only one- and two-body operators, and which are invariant under rotations. Two independent mass relations follow for mesons containing charmed quarks; six, for baryons containing charmed quarks. In an appendix, for reference relative to previous SU(6) -symmetric quark-model mass analyses, the reduced numerical coefficients as determined by the meson 36 of SU(6) are listed. (AIP)


A hardware-oriented lossless electrocardiogram compression algorithm is presented for very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuit design. To achieve high performance and low complexity, a novel prediction method based on the fuzzy decision and particle swarm optimiser (PSO) was developed. The accuracy of prediction was advanced efficiently by using the PSO algorithm to find the optimal parameters, which provided 64 situations for the fuzzy decision. Moreover, a novel low-complexity and high-performance entropy-coding algorithm based on Huffman coding was developed, which used one limited Huffman coding to encode a main region and five-region codes to encode the extending regions. The average compression rate of the whole MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database was up to 2.84 by combing the proposed fuzzy-based PSO prediction and Huffman region entropy-coding techniques. The VLSI architecture contained only a 1.9 K gate count and its core area was 5965 μm2 synthesised using a 90 nm CMOS process. It consumed 201 μW when operating at a 200 MHz processing rate. Compared with previous low-complexity designs, the average compression rate is not only improved by more than 6.4% but also reduced the gate count by at least 8.2%.


Patients are more likely to be treated by 10 doctors or more. Researcher says that great intensity of care does not necessarily mean higher quality of care. Physicians must listen more carefully to wishes of patients at the end of life, researcher says.


In this paper, an intelligent transportation system for traffic accident processing is introduced. In the system, the artificial nervous networks are trained and build to retrieve the similar case from the typical case base. Bayesian networks are set up to analyze the key influence factors. In the analysis of cause of the accident, the system combines the conclusion based on CBR with the conclusion based on Bayesian network Reasoning (BR), and provides to the decision-maker. Then, the decision-maker makes a conclusion of the analysis of the cause of the accident. At last, by rule reasoning, the system makes the report of responsibility cognizance and punishments. In addition, Intelligent Searching System base on the Semantic network can find the road traffic laws and regulations, the generalized model intelligent operator can calculate accurately, and the multi-base cooperation machine can coordinate database, model-base, knowledge-base and so on.


【Objective】The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of intercropping on nodulation in faba bean in different soil types to screen suitable crop and model for intercropping with faba bean.【Method】Three kinds of crops,viz.,wheat,rape and garlic were used to intercrop with faba beans and monocropping of faba beans was studied in clay and sandy loam soils,respectively.The nodules of faba bean in different intercrops were collected from root rhizosphere of faba bean during pod stage.【Result】The nodule weight of faba bean cultivated with different intercrops in sandy loam soil was higher than that in clay soil.In clay soil,the nodule weight of faba beans in middle line of monocropping,wheat/faba bean and rape/faba bean intercropping significantly increased by 24.54,97.24 and 61.94%compared to that in edge line,while that in edge line in garlic/faba bean intercropping was 80.06%higher than in middle line.In sandy loam soil,the nodule weight of faba bean in edge line of monocropping,wheat/faba bean,rape/faba bean and garlic/faba bean increased by 8.14,54.00,20.45 and 45.33%compared to that of middle line.As compared to monocropping,the nodule weight of faba bean in middle line of rape/faba bean,wheat/faba bean and garlic/faba bean in clay soil significantly increased by 491.13,75.86 and 70.44%,respectively,and that of edge line increased by 354.60,11.04 and 282.21%, respectively.In sandy loam soil,except for wheat/faba bean mode,the nodule weight of faba bean in middle line of rape/ faba bean and garlic/faba bean modes increased by 30.69 and 76.41%as compared to monocropping,and that of edge line in wheat,rape and garlic intercropping modes increased by 37.64,45.56 and 137.07%,respectively.In clay and sandy loam soils,faba bean intercropping with rape and garlic increased nodulation level with 61.94 and 80.05%,respectively. 【Conclusion】It was indicated that not only crop species,but also soil condition and planting mode in intercropping influenced nodulation ability of faba bean.


A method, apparatus and article of manufacture for Solving congestion in an overcrowded data processing environment. The method includes measuring the resource usage of each of the many virtual machines in each of at least a hypervisor in a computing environment, wherein detecting a resource overload in a hypervisor of at least one detecting at least one operation which is carried out for at least one of the many virtual machines in the hypervisor, to resolve the resource overload, thereby increasing the values of the virtual machines in operation, and sending a command to the hypervisor, to output the at least one operation.


Purpose: To compare the performance of a plastic scintillation detector(PSD) for quality assurance (QA) in stereotactic radiosurgery to micro‐chamber (MC), gafchromic films, shielded diode (SD) and unshielded diodes (UD). Method and Materials: The PSD consists of a 1 mm diameter by 1 mm long scintillating fiber coupled to a polymethyl‐methacrylate optical fiber. Output factors and dose profiles for apertures used in radiosurgery have been measured. Moreover, a typical stereotactic radiosurgery treatment, using four non‐coplanar arcs, was delivered on a spherical phantom in which UD, MC or PSD was placed at the isocenter, where 15 Gy was prescribed. Results: The output factors measured with the PSD are within a mean discrepancy of 1 % compared to UD for the small apertures when normalized to the 35 mm cone. For larger cones the PSD is within 1.3% compared to the SD and the MC. When done with a 35 mm cone, the measured dose for an entire typical stereotactic plan by the PSD is within 1.8% of the measurement performed using the MC and within 1% of the planning system. Volume averaging of the MC can be observed for the 5 mm aperture, where the PSD measurement differs by as much as 9.1%. Conclusion: For stereotactic radiosurgery treatment verification, the PSD gives accurate results compared to the MC once the output factor ratio are taken into account to correct for the averaging effect of the MC. The PSD shows great potential for stereotactic radiosurgery QA measurements.


Background & Aims: Although starting up clinics in Tehran & other provinces mortality decreased somewhat, but the treatment in the field of pediatrics & maternal diseases remained traditionally. So, it was necessary for developing the training system of medical education and promotion of the public health knowledge. The main methods for achievement these aims are; public health training by the newspapers and general publications, development of medical education and publication of the special textbooks, and Health/ Hygiene courses in the elementary & high schools. Materials: This work has been rarely scrutinized in the written heritage today. Now a day, these kinds of studies could be conducted with the help of scientific cultural center for inauguration, listing and indexing of the historical documentations for any kind of information, books, manuscripts and the distributed publication in the past. So, the main resource of this paper is the obtained documents from National Library & Archives of I.R. of Iran Organization. Conclusion: Although, before the constitution (Mashrootiat) revolution a few states and national schools founded in Tehran and the center of provinces of Iran for education of girls with collaboration of teacher of that period, but the necessity of training the educated doctors & midwiferies by the update knowledge especially in the field of the mother and infant hygiene was felt. For the public-hygienic knowledge and awareness development of all women with the approach of modern education were done through; 1The publications of scientific papers, 2Book writing & translation, 3General education in old-Fashioned schools and new schools. This education became a direction for foundation of midwifery high schools in the next years.


William E. Knight, Advisor Most workers aspire to jobs where they are highly satisfied. This satisfaction may come from remuneration, opportunities for advancement, the work itself, or other factors. Although an awareness of job satisfaction has the potential to reduce absenteeism and employee turnover, we know little about the satisfaction levels of student affairs professionals. This study examined a population of entryand mid-level student affairs practitioners in order to develop a profile of their levels of satisfaction with the overall job and five facets of satisfaction. In addition, differences were examined among demographic characteristics and predictors of job satisfaction for entryand mid-level staff were explored. Findings indicated significant differences between entryand mid-level student affairs professionals' levels of job satisfaction when compared to the neutral level of job satisfaction established by the general population of workers. In addition, significant differences were identified in relation to age, gender, position level, and student affairs functional area. Predictive models were identified for entry-level professionals' satisfaction with opportunities for promotion and mid-level professionals' satisfaction with pay. Suggestions for future research are provided. Implications for practice are noted including the recommendation that student affairs leaders should make much of the fact that student affairs is a satisfying line of work. In addition, results suggested that leaders within student affairs should attend to the differences in satisfaction levels between older and younger professionals at the entry and mid-levels. Further, results implied a generational influence on job satisfaction levels that has bearing on effective supervisory and leadership behaviors. Finally,


Lohse argues that these diverse origins, alongside the infrequent number of slave arrivals direct from Africa, the low-density geographical concentration of slavery, and the close contacts of Africans with European, Amerindians, and their mixed progeny led Africans and their descendants in this region to create collective identities based on overlapping sources: African, indigenous, European, and combinations thereof. By the mid-seventeenth century most of the slave population in Costa Rica was nativeborn, as was true in slightly different periods of colonial Oaxaca and Guatemala, and inland regions of New Granada and the Rı́o de la Plata. Further comparisons will reveal whether these patterns were replicated across the Spanish Americas.


Kulon Progo Mountains areas are formed by three Tertiary volcanic bodies that formed during Oligocene-Miocene times. Each volcano shows different tectonic control and stratigraphic result. This research conducted through interpretations of volcanic bodies, construction of stratigraphic columns, construction of geological cross-sections, supported by lithological-structural data from the field and some previous researchs. There are four volcanism periods in Kulon Progo Mountains, namely Late Eocene Volcanism, Early Oligocene Volcanism/Gajah, Late Oligocene Volcanism/Ijo and Late Miocene Volcanism/Menoreh. Gajah shape shows there are collaps volcano at the southern part and it was happened before Ijo emerge. Volcanism of the Eocene-Gajah-Ijo period is related to the Palaeogene extensional rifting period. Ijo volcano covers the southern part of Gajah Volcano. Menoreh volcano emerges at Late Miocene and covers Gajah volcano and Jonggrangan Formation. Menoreh Volcanism is related to the period of Neogene Compressional Wrench that produces a sinistral fault with left-stepping left lateral fault pattern.


A positive sense of control over one's life is essential for maintaining health and well-being. Those with a strong sense of control believe changes in their social world are responsive to their choices, actions, and efforts. In contrast, a sense of powerlessness or fatalism is on the other end of the continuum. There is little research that explores how race and gender relate to feelings about personal control. To examine their effects on perceptions of personal control, we analyze data from the American Changing Lives Survey, 1986. Controlling for race and gender in the full model led to results that failed to reveal the complexity of relationships when compared with results of analyses among the subgroups. Some key factors distinct for the various groups were, for white men, functional health, positive support from friends and relatives, and having people to share their feelings with; for black men, age and visiting mental health facilities; for white women, visiting medical care facilities, the number of children, tobacco, and having someone to call for help; and, for black women, being involved with organizations (groups, clubs, and churches) and religion. When there are no significant racial or gender differences, examining models simultaneously stratified by race and gender introduced a more dynamic and multidimensional relationship between the control and dependent variables than was previously understood.


The invention relates to a device for adjusting height of a cutter of a lawn mower. The device comprises a rear rack, a rear wheel, a transmission shaft, and a cutter connected with the rear rack, and also comprises a screw rod nut mechanism, an angular connection rod, a left and right support plate, a front and rear connection piece and a connection rod, wherein the angular connection rod is arranged at the rear part of the rear rack; an angle end of the angular connection rod is hinged with the rear rack; the two ends of the angular connection rod are respectively connected with a rear wheel shaft and a nut of the screw rod nut mechanism; the middle part of the left and right support plate can be rotatably sheathed on the transmission shaft; the rear end of the left and right support plate is connected with the rear rack, and the front end of the left and right support plate is connected with the rear wheel shaft; the rear end of the front and rear connection piece is hinged with a rear wheel shaft, and the front end of the front and rear connection piece is fixedly connected with a front rack; the two ends of the connection rod are respectively hinged with the front rack and the cutter; and a parallelogram is formed by the hinged joints of the connection rod and the front end of the left and right support plate as well as the connection rod and the rear end of the left and right support plate. As a four-bar mechanism is utilized in the device provided by the invention, the purpose that the rack and the height of the cutter can be adjusted at the same time through the screw rod nut mechanism; the adjustment can be finished by a ratchet wrench, and the height adjustment of the cutter can be conveniently realized, thus the device is not only convenient and reliable, but also simple and feasible.


Planar metamaterials with tailorable electromagnetic properties in the terahertz domain offer customized optics solutions that are needed for the development of imaging and spectroscopy systems. In particular, metamaterials carry the potential to substitute conventional bulky optics or can be basic building blocks for completely novel devices. In this respect it is advantageous that metamaterials can be devised to be impedance-matched to another material regarding their electromagnetic properties. Here, we design, fabricate and investigate a metamaterial with tailorable refractive index and impedance-matching to free space. The unit cell is comprised of two different pairs of cut-wires that provide almost independent control over the electric and magnetic response to an electromagnetic wave. For the example of a metamaterial with a uniform effective refractive index of 1.18, we experimentally demonstrate an amplitude transmission of more than 90% and a reflectivity of about 5% at a working frequency of 0.444THz. As a more functional device, we fabricate a terahertz gradient index beam steerer with a linear refractive index gradient from 1.14 to 2.66. We numerically simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation through the beam steerer and compare the electric field amplitude of the deflected wave with the terahertz field distribution that is measured behind the beam steerer in an imaging terahertz time-domain spectroscope. The numerically simulated deflection angle of 6.1° agrees well with the measured deflection angle of 5.95°. The measured peak amplitude transmission of the beam steerer amounts to almost 90%, which also agrees well with a simulated value of approximately 88%.


Providing the gene producing a selectable marker plasmid, comprising recombination can not be achieved between the site specific recombinase target site of the host cell culture environment plasmid containing a selectable marker gene, the selection marker gene flanked by site specific recombinase target site, followed by another host cell environment to achieve recombination between the site specific recombinase target site of the plasmid in the culture, so as to remove the selectable marker gene. Also it provides a plasmid prepared by the method of preparation of recombinant proteins for therapeutic and vaccine purposes, DNA preparation and therapeutic use of live bacterial vaccines and DNA vector delivery and use of recombinant DNA, protein to a patient.


A goat with clinical signs of cough and dysstasia on a goat-breeding farm in Okinawa Prefecture that had bred 12 goats was examined. At the necropsy, hyperemia and swelling of the lungs, retention of pericardial fluid, and bleeding and swelling of the mesenteric lymph nodes were observed. Histopathological examina-tions revealed lymphoid follicular hyperplasia around the bronchus, suppurative bronchial pneumonia and inter-stitial pneumonia with hyperplasia of the bronchial mucosa. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Bibersteinia trehalosi were isolated from the lung lesions. Rabbit immune serum against M. ovipneumoniae was prepared using the isolate from the present case. In the metabolic inhibition test, the titer was estimated to be 1 , 280 . Immuno-histochemically, M. ovipneumoniae antigens were detected in the lesional areas of the lung. Based on these findings, the case was diagnosed as mixed infections of M. ovipneumoniae and B. trehalosi .


Although inter-rater reliability is an important aspect of using observational instruments, it has received little theoretical attention. In this article, we offer some guidance for practitioners and consumers of classroom observations so that they can make decisions about inter-rater reliability, both for study design and in the reporting of data and results. We reviewed articles in two major journals in the fields of reading and mathematics to understand how researchers have measured and reported inter-rater reliability in a recent decade. We found that researchers have tended to report measures of inter-rater agreement above the .80 threshold with little attention to the magnitude of score differences between raters. Then, we conducted simulations to understand both how different indices for classroom observation reliability are related to each other and the impact of reliability decisions on study results. Results from the simulation studies suggest that mean correlations with an outcome are slightly lower at lower levels of percentage of exact agreement but that the magnitude of score differences has a more dramatic effect on correlations. Therefore, adhering to strict thresholds for inter-rater agreement is less helpful than reporting exact point estimates and also examining measures of rater consistency.


An estimated 15% of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease is caused by type II capsular polysaccharide (II CPS). In developing a pentavalent vaccine for the prevention of GBS infections, individual GBS CPSs have been coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) to prepare vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. Type II GBS (GBS II) vaccine was created by direct, covalent coupling of II CPS to TT by reductive amination. In 2 clinical trials, 75 healthy nonpregnant women 18-45 years old were randomized to receive II CPS-TT (II-TT) conjugate (dose range, 3.6-57 microg of CPS component) or uncoupled II CPS vaccine. Both vaccines were well tolerated. II CPS-specific IgG serum concentrations (as well as IgM and IgA) peaked 2 weeks after immunization, being significantly higher in recipients of conjugated vaccine than in recipients of uncoupled CPS. Immunological responses to conjugate were dose dependent and correlated with opsonophagocytosis in vitro. These results support inclusion of II-TT conjugate when preparing a multivalent GBS vaccine.


One of the prominent problems with processing and operating on text data is the non uniformity of it. Due to the change in the dialects and languages, the caliber of translation is low. This creates a unique problem while using NLP in text data; which is the spell variation arising from the inconsistent translations and transliterations. This problem can also be further aggravated by the human error arising from the various ways to write a Proper Noun from an Indian language into its English equivalent. Translating proper nouns originating from Indian languages can be complicated as some proper nouns are also used as common nouns which might be taken literally. Applications of NLP that require addresses, names and other proper nouns face this problem frequently. We propose a method to cluster these spell variations for proper nouns using ML techniques and mathematical similarity equations. We aimed to use Affinity Propagation to determine relative similarity between the tokens. The results are augmented by filtering the token-variation pair by a similarity threshold. We were able to reduce the spell variations by a considerable amount. This application can significantly reduce the amount of human annotation efforts needed for data cleansing and formatting.


Revitalizing idle rural residential bases is essential for improving the utilization rate of residential resources, activating pastoral land resources assets, increasing farmers' property income, and stimulating rural development vitality. Social capital is one of the essential social resources owned by farmers, which is closely related to rural social governance and farmers' daily lives and plays an indispensable role in revitalizing residential land. Based on the theory of social capital and the survey data of 316 farm households in Shaanxi Province in 2022, this study first empirically analyzes the influencing factors of social capital and its constituent dimensions on farm households' willingness to revitalize their home-steads using a Logit regression model, and then empirically analyzes the hierarchical structure relationship among the influencing factors using an ISM model. The results of the study show that: (1) Social capital and its three constituent dimensions of social network ("Contact with relatives, neighbors, and families" and "Contact with village committee staff"), social trust ("Trust in friends and relatives" and "Trust in village committee and other organizations"), and social participation ("Participation in meetings of village committees and other organizations") have significant positive effects on farmers' willingness to revitalize their residential land. (2) There are differences in the effects of different dimensions of social capital on farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads: social trust as a deep-seated cause affects farmers' social networks and social participation, which in turn affects farmers' knowledge of homestead revitalization policies and ultimately farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads. Based on the findings of the study, to improve farmers' willingness to revitalize their homestead bases, government departments should base their efforts on the social capital characteristics of farmers, increase the cultivation of farmers' social capital, and strengthen the publicity of the work of revitalizing homestead bases and related policies.


one with an Internet (or intranet) communication platform, a broader client/server architecture, the entire population of Internet users as potential clients, and all available Web servers as potential servers. This new generation of global information systems has eliminated many technological barriers to free circulation of information, allowing for development of public utility services such as the ACM Digital Library [1]. Businesses are embracing intranet and Web technology for internal communication, integration of dispersed branches and points-of-sale, and provision of new customer services. But public and private organizations are still hesitant to transmit private documentation via the Internet. Their apprehension is due to the insecurity of the communication channels and lack of rules regulating data access. The protection of stored data and data transmission is a critical concern—and an inevitable one given the openness, simplicity, and globality of the enabling technology. Communication protection involves safeguarding data transmitted over the network, both in terms of its integrity (against improper modification) and its confidentiality (against unauthorized disclosure.) Integrity of the transmission requires the authentication of:


The complexity and size of the integrated command and control system make it extremely difficult for acquisition decision-makers to obtain an omniscient view of the whole system. This view is necessary for examining alternative design options. This limited perspective deters the development community's understanding of how a proposed "improvement" will integrate, augment and/or supplement fielded capabilities. Thus, designs are developed which may not satisfy user requirements. When expectations are not satisfied, the communities are balkanized into groups that do not collaborate to field effective C2 capabilities. A new "visualization" process is described for evaluating "improvements to command and control system".


In conducting and running a business, human resources are needed who are able to understand and update the progress and developments of the times. This requires business legality to obtain legal certainty for the business being run, financial literacy to provide an understanding of the benefits of financial reports for business continuity, fintech to expand business networks and be able to meet customer needs. This PKM program provides education to MSME actors about the importance of business legality, financial literacy and the use of fintech in the sustainability of their business, as well as providing training and assistance in making NIB online and preparing simple financial reports. The PKM method used is service learning with 3 stages (preparation, service, and reflection). This PKM program was carried out at the Lombok Beach hotel in December 2022 for 5 days with participants as prospective MSME actors and MSME actors. The results show that in order to be competitive, MSME actors need business legality (NIB), HR who understand financial reports and the benefits of financial reports for the sustainability of their business, apply accounting records to their business transactions, and use and utilize fintech in their business transactions. The government can support and facilitate the needs of MSMEs in their working area.
Keywords: Business Legality, Financial Literacy, Fintech, New Normal


Direct halogenation reactions of title compounds (I) with N-halosuccinimide or Br2/Et3N afford 6,8-dihalogen substituted products with moderate to good yields in short reaction times.


Developed from 2006 to 2009, the Trans-Tasman Botrytis Project – an initiative involving researchers from Plant & Food Research, in New Zealand, the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, and the Victorian Department of Primary Industries – pinpointed the weather, vineyard and inoculum factors that cause botrytis outbreaks in Australia and New Zealand. The Botrytis Decision Support system was trialled
during the project and has since been developed into an online botrytis management tool, which allows vineyard and winery managers to predict the risk of damage by botrytis at harvest.


Sugarcane is an important crop in India. The important reasons for dealing the productivity of sugarcane are damage to the crop by pests. About 200 species of insects are found to be harmful for sugarcane crop in India, out of which, 17 species have been recorded in Maharashtra. Sugarcane woolly aphid has become a serious pest in the state. Synthetic chemicals are used fruitfully to manage this aphid but it is noticed that woolly aphid reappeared on sugarcane crop after 20 days of chemical control. Further, the insecticide sprays have direct adverse effects on the natural enemy population. These insecticides not only kill the predators but contaminate the food and cause air, water and soil pollution. Pongamia pinnata L. (99.41%) and Ipomea fistulosa (99.41%) were found to be the best plant extracts in destroying the white woolly aphid. To avoid the harmful effects of chemical pesticides, above mentioned plant extracts after scientific formulations can be used


Review(s) of: East Asian cinemas: Regional flows and global transformations, by Vivian P.Y. Lee (ed), NY, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, 253 pp.


TEM was used to investigate the annealing effects on the microstructure of two electrodeposited Cu/Ag multilayered nanocomposites with bi-layer thickness values of 110nm and 330nm, respectively, as well as electrodeposited pure copper. It was found that silver layers limited the lateral growth of columnar copper grains and possibly acted as sites for nucleation of new copper grains in the as-deposited composites. The refinement of copper grains in this condition is one reason for the much higher strength of these materials in comparison to pure copper. Annealing at 100 C did not change the microstructure significantly. After annealing at 150 C, recrystallization occurred in all samples. The degree of recrystallization was dependent on the extent of internal stresses. Recrystallization was complete in the 110nm bi-layer thick composite, which had the highest internal stresses owing to its large Cu/Ag interfacial area. The recrystallization and growth of copper grains can be one reason for the drastic drop of the composites yield strength after annealing at 150 C.


The displacement of a nonionic polymeric dispersant, Pluronic F127, adsorbed at the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes, by low molecular-weight ionic dispersants (surfactants) is studied in ...


This Review Article by Rosen and Klumpp well summarizes the current status of Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infection (UTI) and UTI-induced pelvic pain mechanisms, which are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). Although there is so far no direct evidence showing that UTI is a definite cause of BPS/IC, a past history of UTI is reportedly an associated risk factor of BPS/IC. Thus it is possible that past UTI with particular pathogen(s) can precondition the host bladder and/or afferent pathways to be susceptible for other factors or mediators to finally establish the disease condition of BPS/IC. Further studies are needed to identify the correlations of findings in animal models with UTI with those in BPS/IC humans with the past history of UTI induced by different types of pathogens, in terms of the changes in receptor/ion channel expression and the cytokine/chemokine profile in the bladder and neural pathways. It is hoped that the future research on UTI-related aspects of chronic pelvic pain development could lead to the discovery of new modalities such as modulation of the particular chemokine axis for the treatment of BPS/IC.


The COVID 19 pandemic had a significant impact on the nurses working closely among patients with COVID 19. This study aimed at determining the psychological impact (staff feeling, motivating factors) of COVID 19 pandemic among nursing personnel involved in caring patients with COVID 19. Participants who had experience of taking care of COVID 19 patients for minimum of one week completed self-administered tool to determine feelings of nursing staff and motivating factors that would motivate the nursing staff to continue to care the patients in this pandemic and to involve themselves as care provider in the possible future outbreak. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the results.Three fourth of staff (76 %) had expressed that they feel professionally obligated to continue taking care of patients with COVID 19. More than half (55%) of the staff had felt nervous and scared to work in COVID areas and 47% of staff had expressed fear of spending more time with patients with COVID. Availability of medical benefits (98.81%), adequate PPE (97.62%), counseling services (97.62%) includingvaccine (91.67%) and consideration in the duty schedule (98.81%) wereagreed to be major motivating factors by the staff. All the staff were happy about provision of refreshment in their respective clinical areas.These are the considerations that must be made in order to inspire and motivate nursing staff to work in the possibility of a pandemic in the future. There was no evidence of an association between demographic factors and psychological impact.


This guide walks users through the definition of "open source" and explains the various options for classroom use. Library contact and additional information.


Abnormalities of sex chromosomes are associated with various forms of neuropsychiatric disorder, and Polani (1969) has reviewed the literature. While there were numerous reports associating the XXY and XXX constitutions with psychiatric disorder, the position was somewhat different with regard to Turner's syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to describe a patient who was shown to have the clinical pattern of Turner's Syndrome and an XO/XX/XXX mosaic chromosome pattern, and who presented with a schizophrenic illness.


Abstract Norway is in the process of implementing a comprehensive plan aimed at the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. The goal of this report is to describe the different components of the program. The socialized nature of the Norwegian health care system and the commitment of the government to progressive health care planning has facilitated the implementation of this uniquely broad-based prevention initiative. The authors of the following article have played a pivotal role in the establishment of Norway's nationally based prevention program.


Algicides, like hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate, are commonly applied to recreational waters and drinking water sources to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms. In this work, the effects of hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate were evaluated in two natural bloom samples (collected from Canadian and American waterbodies) and one lab-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa suspended in Colorado River water. Five algicide to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dose ratios were evaluated during an initial exposure period of 24 h. One dose ratio (0.4 H2O2:DOC or 0.25 CuSO4:DOC) was then evaluated during stagnation after quenching (hydrogen peroxide) or extended exposure (copper sulfate) for up to 96 or 168 h. During the initial hydrogen peroxide exposure, the CA bloom had no release of intracellular microcystins (MCs) and the USA bloom only released MC at 4 H2O2:DOC. The reverse occurred with copper sulfate, where the CA bloom released MCs at 0.6 CuSO4:DOC but the USA bloom had no detectable extracellular MCs. Extracellular MC was released from the lab-cultured Microcystis at the lowest hydrogen peroxide and copper sulfate doses. In the hydrogen peroxide stagnation experiment, intracellular MC decreased in the USA bloom after 168 h despite the low dose applied. Similarly, the extended copper sulfate exposure led to intracellular MC decreases in both bloom samples after 168 h, despite showing no impact during the initial 24 h monitoring period. The lab-cultured Microcystis was again less resistant to both algicides, with releases observed after less than 2 h of stagnation or exposure. The damage to cells as measured by pigments during these experiments did not match the MC data, indicating that blooms with depressed pigment levels can still be a risk to nearby drinking water sources or recreational activities. These results provide insight on the timeline (up to one week) required for monitoring the potential release of MCs after algicide application.


Purpose: The aim of this research is to look at the idea of mistranslation in English translations of Premchand's Urdu short stories. The source text is Urdu short stories penned by Premchand and the target text is its English translation. Translating the culture of source language is considered to be one of the most challenging tasks faced by translators. The translators confront several challenges to translate the source culture.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers use the model of Newmark in order to analyze the mistranslation from the cultural perspectives.  It has always been a heated debate whether the cultural embedded ideas and concepts may be exactly translated into target language or not. Though the translators have been using various strategies in order to translate the culturally specific items both in form of material and expression, they are not fully successful in translating the cultural specific terms and concepts. These culture embedded concepts can be the religious beliefs or social dialogues that are only understandable for the source culture readers.
Findings: The study concludes that mistranslation occurs because of many reasons such as translator's immature knowledge of the two languages, translator's intentional use of mistranslation, cultural barriers, language differences on lexical level and ideological differences.
 Implications/Originality/Value: The study also reveals that there are many problems in the translation of the cultural items both in material forms and expressions due to translators, incompetence intercultural pragmatics.


Studies the current situation of VoIP technology at home and abroad,predicts the development trend and provides the countermeasure through the development of VoIP technology.


Observations were made on the pretransformation effects in near‐equiatomic NiTi alloy using the technique of transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The pretransformation effects are discussed in terms of lattice displacement waves arising from the instability of the B2 lattice.


In 1926 the first joint excavation of the American School in Jerusalem, at Tell Beit Mirsim, was undertaken by President M. G. Kyle and Dr. W. F. Albright, on behalf of the Xenia Theological Seminary (now the Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary). The fourth joint campaign at this site is planned for 1932. After the Rockefeller grant was made, Yale University entered into a similar relationship with the School for the excavation of Jerash; the first joint campaign began in 1930 under the direction of Dean C. C. McCown and Professor C. S. Fisher. This summer a third joint undertaking has been added, the excavation of Beth-zur by the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Chicago. It is expected that this enterprise will be continued for a number of campaigns until the site has been thoroughly studied. The approximate location of Beth-zur has never been lost; but the ruin which now bears this name, situated to the west of the road from Jerusalem to Hebron, opposite 'Ain edh-Dhirweh (Philip's Fountain according to late tradition), represents the Byzantine-Arabic offspring of the ancient town. It was not until 1924 that Pere Abel, of the Dominican Fathers of St. Stephen in Jerusalem, observed that the ruins of Burj es-Sur were too late, and identified the ancient site with Khirbet etTubeiqah, about half a mile to the northwest. Within the same year the American and German Schools made the same observation, quite independently (see BULLETIN, No. 18, p. 9). In 1928 Professor O. R. Sellers was so impressed with the suitability of the site that he determined to excavate it, if possible. This was made possible by the active interest and support of President John Timothy Stone, who secured the funds needed for the purpose from several persons of means living in Chicago and the vicinity. To President Stone and the enlightened donors Palestinian archaeology owes a debt of gratitude. In few recent archaeological undertakings in Palestine has so much new historical material been obtained in so short a time and at so small a cost. The expedition was organized on practically the same basis as the Tell Beit Mirsim campaign of 1930 (see BULLETIN, No. 39). Drs. Sellers, Albright, Schmidt, Glueck, and Saarisalo were again on the staff during this expedition, as were also the surveyors, Labib Sorial, William Gad, and Bulos el-A'raj. Two of the trained Egyptians were also back with us, as were the cook and chauffeur, as well as 'Odeh Jirius, who assisted us with the negotiations and acted as one of the foremen. New members of the staff were Dr. Cyrus Gordon of the University of Pennsylvania, now Fellow at the Baghdad School, and Messrs. Charles Nims of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary and Milton Patterson of the American School at Larnaca, Cyprus. We were fortunate in securing Professor Fisher's chief


In series resonant constant current power supply(CCPS),parasitical capacity in high frequency transformer will influence the constant-current characteristic of CCPS.This paper presents a method which could easy eliminates the influence of parasitical capacity in high frequency transformer only with a resonant inductance and gives the theory model for eliminating parasitical capacity in high frequency transformer,and makes some analysis by simulation.Experiment indicates that resonant method could eliminates the influence of parasitical capacity in high frequency transformer,and it is easy to put into practice.


Background  Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a novel imaging technique that generates image contrast between different states of tissue due to differences in fluorescence decay rates.


Email has long been a major form of communication among organizations and individual users. In recent years, with the rise of internet use, email spamming has become increasingly common. Spamming has raised security concerns as it causes potential loss to the users with fake advertisements, invalid information, undetected virus, and other harmful information. Various techniques have been developed to facilitate spam filtering, using classifying algorithms to characterize emails into different categories. This article presents an investigation of how machine-learning-based algorithms are used in email spam filtering by providing some previous researches that have shown to be successful. The algorithms are in the range from supervised learning, including the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naïve Bayes (NB) to unsupervised learning such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and partitional clustering. This article also presents an experiment that compares different implementations of such algorithms, including the SVM, NB, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The results reflect that NB gave the highest accuracy. A second attempt of the same experiment was conducted, with an improved data cleaning procedure and larger testing sets. The data collected from the second attempt again show that the NB implementation gave the highest accuracy in detecting spam emails.


Delirium is a serious complication after stroke. It remains unclear whether different motor subtypes of delirium are associated with diverse risk factors and outcomes. The aim was to investigate if delirium subtypes differ in predisposing factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes.


A method was established for the simultaneous determination of tetramethylpyrazine, liquiritin and nuciferine in toner,emulsion,cream and gel skin care products by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector( UPLC- PDA). The different kinds of cosmetic samples were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic wave,then the extracts were centrifuged, filtrated,and analyzed by UPLC- PDA on a Waters BEH C 18 column( 2. 1 mm × 50 mm,1. 7 μm), employing acetonitrile- 0. 05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase by gradient elution. The targets were qualitatively determined by retention time,and confirmed by ultraviolet spectra. The external standard method was applied for the quantification analysis. The results indicated that the linear correlation coefficients of three targets ranged from 0. 999 4 to 0. 999 9 within the linear range of 0. 05- 50. 0 mg / L. The detection limits( S / N = 3) of tetramethylpyrazine,liquiritin and nuciferine were 0. 6,0. 6,0. 3 mg / kg,and the limits of quantitation( S / N = 10) were 2. 0,2. 0, 1. 0 mg / kg,respectively. The spiked recoveres of three compounds at spiked levels of 1- 200 mg / kg were between 85. 6% and 98. 2%,with RSDs( n = 6) of 1. 1%- 6. 1%. The results showed that this method was stable,accurate and precise,and could be used to assay the three mentioned compounds in different skin care products.


Despite being one of the highest aid recipient regions, the growth performance in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been rather disappointing. In this paper, we answer two questions. 1) Is there any significant impact of foreign aid on economic growth? 2) Is grant more effective than loans in promoting growth? To answer these questions, we employ a GMM technique for a panel of 27 SSA countries over the period of 1961 to 2009. By using this technique, we are able to control for endogeneity that may arise from explanatory variables. Our results suggest that grant aid is more effective than concessional loans. On average, aggregate aid's effect on economic growth is not discernable from zero in SSA countries. These questions are important for policymakers of SSA who often face the dilemma of high aid but low growth.


Patient satisfaction is ofvalue to primary health care authorities.The main objective of this study was to estimate patient satisfaction with respect to primary health care services in Riyadh City. 14 primary health care centres were chosen randomly to represent geographic areas of Riyadh. Information was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire conducted by 30 well-trained final year medical students. Systematic sampling of family files was conducted and the household head was interviewed.900 respondents were interviewed concerning their satisfaction with the services delivered.40% were dissatisfied. One third of the dissatisfied said that the centre was too far away: 19.4% complained that the working hours of the centre were not suitable: 38.9% complained about the absence of specialty clinics: 19.4% had language barriers with the physicians: 63.9% complained about the delay in the centre: 16.7% of the satisfied and 38.9% of the dissatisfied complained that the physicians do not explain to them thei...


This study points out that in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) had in every case the same action on functional residual capacity and static lung compliance. However its results on PaO2, PaCO2 and circulation are often different from patient to patient according also to the different levels of PEEP. The level of optimal PEEP is that which opens the largest number of alveoli; it is better defined by the value of PaO2 on 100% oxygen than by static compliance.


An innovative three-dimensional model of flexible wing is built, which is counted as a distributed parameter system. For the parameter uncertainty and unknown actuator fault of this system, an adaptive fault-tolerant control method combined with boundary control is designed to maintain stability. By using the Lyapunov-based method, the uniform boundedness is theoretically proved in this closed-loop system. The efficacy and feasibility of the strategy can be demonstrated by numerical simulation.


Propellants can burn so rapidly that the initial rise of pressure in weapons may be faster than desired. To avoid this unwanted effect, burning rate of the propellants is moderated by applying a surface coating. Coating agents are usually deterrents (moderants), substances that gelatinize or plasticise the nitrocellulose matrix of the propellants decreasing its initial burning rate, therefore, in turn, the rate of gaseous phase formation. The knowledge of the diffusion rate of deterrents helps therefore in developing propellants with superior ballistic performance. Another parameter, namely the rate of the migration of deterrent into the propellant matrix during ageing / storing is also important as it influences the ballistic shelf-life i.e. the period of time during which the ballistic requirements are fulfilled. As migration measurements are often difficult, expensive and timeconsuming the development of the simulation tools of above processes seems to be of a great importance. The present paper describes the simulation method for deterrent and blasting oil diffusion in double base propellant applying the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients D determined in isothermal experiments and taking into account the influence of the swelling effect of the propellant matrix. The simulations were done using the AKTS-SML software [1], which allowed considering the migration of both, deterrent and nitroglycerine through the swollen matrix of the propellant. Furthermore, after determination of the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient D, it was possible to predict the deterrent migration under any, arbitrarily chosen temperature profile such as oscillatory temperature mode, real atmospheric temperature profiles or under temperature mode corresponding to atmospheric changes according to STANAG 2895 [2].


Chapter 8 discusses effective field theory. This concept is inspired by the theory of critical phenomena in statistical physics and based on renormalization group ideas. The basic idea behind effective field theory is that one starts from a microscopic model involving an infinite number of fluctuating degrees of freedom whose interactions are characterized by a microscopic scale and in which, as a result of interactions, a length that is much larger than the microscopic scale, or, equivalently, a mass much smaller than the characteristic mass scale of the initial model, is generated. The chapter illustrates this topic with examples. It also stresses that all quantum field theories as applied to particle physics or statistical physics are only effective (i.e. not fundamental) theories. Besides the problem of a phi4 type field theory with a large mass field, two more complicated examples are discussed: the Gross–Neveu and the non–linear sigma models.


Activation volumes for chromophore reorientation were measured for a series of guest-host polymeric materials, indicating a significant coupling between chromophore motion and the glassy α and β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host. The specific systems studied were formed by individually dissolving N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline (DpNA), 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrotolane (DMANT), 4-(diethylamino)-4'-nitrotolane (DEANT), and 1-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl)benzene (DMAPEANT) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(isobutyl methacrylate)(PiBMA). In each of these systems, the isothermal, sub-T g decay of the second-order optical susceptibility X (2) was monitored as a function of pressure using second harmonic generation. In each system, the observed decay of X (2) was represented by a stretched exponential equation from which the decay time τ 0 and decay distribution width β KWW were determined. For each dopant molecule, the decrease in activation volume with the increasing size of the polymer host's alkyl side group and the pressure dependence of β KWW were indicative of partial coupling between chromophore rotation and the glassy β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host.


In modern korean poetry Ju Yohan 'Bulnori' is the first poem which overcame the conventional expression consisting of conceptual and purposeful rhetoric. The poem equips itself with poesy or poetic dictions that keep alive the illusion of a fecund and productive modernity. In the contrast of negation and revolt the poem has similitude of Western poetry. In the light of the foregoing if we review 1930's poetry the poets called themselves respectively artists, intellectualists, or vitalists. Even though they were contemporaries they bore different voices and colors with different paradigms. The individual poetic varities of the age coed with the environment of the age. The enlightenment literature like 'Chanka', 'Shin-Che-Si(Nerse)' and postwar literature had common features. What they earned to do in their poetry was to face themselves, their complexities and inconsistencies. Their consciousness and experiences for genuine expression brought poetic modification. The fact is that when it comes to discuss modern poetry, personal factors and the influence of fashion come into operation, and even the poetic dictions of our time, like our judgement of those poetic dictions, reveal a continuously changing perspective. A problem is that poets could not change their conscious experience into poems indefinitely. The process of poetic modification is three phases of the background of the age, the poet's conscious experiences and the selection of poetic dictions Poetic dictions range from the pure music to vulgar words in modern poetry. The poet's relations with society are an important part of the history of poetry. Poets from classical times to the present day have acknowledged a power existing outside time which partakes of the nature of a divinity. One important strand is the struggle of the poet at successive periods to emancipate himself from a temporal allegiance in favor of the only allegiance he truly ackowledges. Literature is the history of human as the history of human is that of human consciousness. The stream of modern Korean poetry is usually discontinuous. Various structures and paradigms are too divergent to represent a convergent spirit of one age. The varieties of paradigms fulfils its ordained ends as a symbol of aesthetic and spiritual order transcending or subsuming historical experience. The social misery and political unrest limits the imaginative scope of our criticism of we interpret the tendencies solely in historical and sociological terms. In spite of superficial homogeneity poetic sensitivity that props up poetry is usually heterogeneous. Poetry is written by individuals, not movements, and the quality of a poet's work depends, not on conformity to an accepted idiom, but on the authenticity and significance of his experience and his power to give it original and durable experience and his power to give it original and durable expression. Much good, unexciting, craftsman like writing is being done, without any compelling sense of direction of any strong impulse to experiment. I come to the conclusion that poetic sensitivity in a certain age. Accordingly the appropriate recogntion of poeticstructure which stands for poetic totality is very significant in the course of examining modern poetry.


A shift towards self-trained users and the resulting undisciplining of cartography (12) sees artists increasingly being taken more seriously as potential contributors to mapping itself. Simon Ferdinand's book Mapping beyond measure: Art, cartography and the space of global modernity explores how exactly artists can contribute to contemporary cartography through six, in-depth studies of selected artists' works. These 'core samples' (31) furnish an examination of cartography's relationship to global modernity as defined by Arif Dirlik (8), and how they might reimagine mapping's foundational ontologies. The key artists informing this study range from a long-dead painter of Soviet ideologies, Solomon Nikritin, to international contemporary artists Satomi Matoba, Gert Jan Kocken and Jeremy Wood, alongside the lesserknown American artist Alison Hildreth (all, however, from the global north, this reviewer cannot help but notice). The study culminates in a well-known film, the 1978 Peter Greenaway film A Walk Through H, which Ferdinand repositions within cartographic theory. Each artist has been selected for their differing relation to the reimagining of conventional views of cartography within an uneven and unequal global modernity, which Ferdinand sees as inseparable.


As people move about, they perceive changes in their orientation and position in the environment, and can update these values with respect to significant locations in space. Analytically, self-motion can be decomposed into two components: (1) observer rotation, which has a direction (pitch, yaw, roll), an angular speed, and a total angular displacement ; and (2) observer translation, which also has a direction of motion (or heading), a linear speed, and a total linear displacement. However, the problem of perceiving self-rotation and translation is complicated by the fact that the human form is not a rigid body, but a hierarchy of segments consisting of mobile eyes in a mobile head on a mobile trunk on a pair of legs. To determine the attitude and motion of each segment, a family of perceptual systems comes into play. The orientation of the eye in the head may be determined from extrareti-nal signals such as efference to or proprioception from the extraocular muscles. The motion of the head in three-dimensional-space can be determined via the vestibular organs, including semicircular canals sensitive to angular acceleration and otoliths sensitive to linear acceleration, including gravity. Temporal integration of these signals can yield information about head velocity and displacement. The orientation of the head on the trunk is specified by neck proprioception. and the trunk's position and motion with respect to the ground by podokinetic or substratal information, a compound of proprioceptive and efferent signals from the legs and feet. In principle, these body-based senses allow for a chain of coordinate transformations between reference frames for each segment, but as we will show. they appear to be relied upon in a task-specific manner. Finally, the visual system may detect rotation and translation of the eye with respect to environmental objects on the basis of optic flow or the displacements of landmarks, bypassing such coordinate transformations. In the present chapter. we review psychophysical and behavioral evidence regarding the perception of rotation and orientation, briefly describe the perception of translation and heading, and discuss the combination of the two in path integration.


Running is one of the world's most widely practiced sports and recreations but until now it has intended to elude serious study outside of the natural sciences. John Bale brings the sport into the realm of the humanities by drawing on sources including literature, poetry, film, art and sculpture as well as statistics and training manuals to highlight the tensions, ambiguities and complexities that lie hidden beneath the commonplace notion of running. The text explores both local and personal, as well as communal and global aspects of running and its practitioners. It examines the streets, tracks and stadiums where athletes run, the races in which they compete, and the running relationships such as exist between the athlete and the coach, between runners and between the athlete and spectator. It discusses the importance of speed and records, how running has been used to symbolise resistance and transgression, and the extent to which it can be associated with a healthy lifestyle.


The utility model relates to a device for managing public electricity of a real estate, in particular to a current-limiting protector for the public electricity of a passageway. According to the technical scheme, the current-limiting protector for the public electricity of the passageway mainly comprises a power supply input end, an output end, a current-limiting resistor, a current on-off control circuit and a signal component; a current on-off control component mainly comprises a photoelectric coupler, a switch controller, a silicon controlled rectifier and a triode; the output end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the silicon controlled rectifier; the input end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the triode; the output end of the switch controller controls the conduction and the cutting off of the triode; and the input end of the switch controller is connected with the photoelectric coupler. The current-limiting protector for the public electricity of the passageway has the beneficial effects that by arranging the current on-off control circuit, when the load of the public electricity of the passageway exceeds a set value, the output end can stop supplying power to cause that an illuminating lamp at the passageway is not turned on, and the circuit recovers to supply the power normally until the improper load is eliminated, thereby being capable of greatly saving the pubic electricity and avoiding the electricity-stealing phenomenon and the electricity-leakage phenomenon of the public electricity.


Scheduling is a decision-making process that deals with the assignment of resources to tasks over given periods, aiming to optimize one or more objectives. Responsible for efficient distribution of the CPU time among the processes, scheduler has become an essential part of computer systems. While applications run on neighboring cores of a many-core system, they compete with each other for the shared resources (cache, memory etc.). This contention can result in great performance degradation for the applications that are concurrently executed. For this reason, treating the cores of a many-core systems as isolated and independent units is a very optimistic abstraction and can cause great problems to the objectives a scheduler tries to optimize. This paper presents a scheduler that focuses on improving the system's fairness by deciding the group of applications that will be executed together based on the progress they have performed. Results shows that the proposed scheduler achieves on average 86% fairness improvement compared to two state-of-art schedulers.


Access control policies are increasingly written in specification languages such as XACML. To increase confidence in the correctness of specified policies, policy developers can conduct policy testing to probe the Policy Decision Point (PDP) with some typical test inputs (in the form of requests) and check test outputs (in the form of responses) against expected ones. Unfortunately, manual test generation is tedious and manually generated tests are often not sufficient to exercise various policy behaviors. In this paper we present an efficient test generation approach and its supporting tool called Targen. We further reduce the number of generated requests based on structural coverage information to facilitate manual inspection. If a rule is unreachable due to an unsatisfiable set of constraints, it is redundant. We also present an approach for redundant-rule detection based on change-impact analysis and its supporting tool call Cirg. We have evaluated Targen on policies collected from various sources, some of which are complex policies being used in real systems. Our results show that Targen can effectively generate tests to achieve high structural coverage of policies and outperforms the existing random test generation in terms of structural coverage and fault-detection capability. Cirg can identify a large number of redundant rules among rules defined in a complex, real policy.


The first tunnels in Riyadh in soft brecciated limestone needed instant shotcrete and resin bolts tensioned a few minutes after installation. The deformation was kept low as determined by monitoring. Appearance of petrol in the tunnels necessitated special measures to avoid explosion and health problems. Blasting in Saudi Arabia is very controlled and complaints from residents on noise and vibration necessitated measures to reduce those. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 810647. (Author/TRRL)


Translation is a crucial path for language tooling /equipment, and plays a singular role in the making of French in the 17th century. After presenting the outlines of the issue, the article examines a particular writing. At the end of the century, Arnault, arguing in favour of Port Royal's options in his translation of the Bible, puts forward a practical application of his Logique des idees to a vulgar tongue (the question of signification). Resting on the joint examination of translation rules and critical reflexions on the « good usage » as defined by Vaugelas, he separates neither general grammar and particular grammar, nor language and discourse (or genres) in the construction of meaning. This reasoned defence illustrates his positions as logician and grammarian, and strenghthens the translator's role as an agent for inventing and stabilizing the usages of a language.


Chang is 12 years old male, from China, who is an international student at a local school. His parents have sent him to Australia a year ago for a high quality education. He is living in a homestay arrangement and is very homesick. Chang was doing well academically back in his own country. Now he is struggling at school and unable to learn the English language.

Kasim is a 14 years old male, who relocated to Australia from Syria after being in camps at Turkey. His witnessed his parents' death and destruction of his home. His grandfather managed to take him and his siblings to safety. His academic performance is poor.
Despite all efforts at school he is disengaged.

Gloria is a 16 years old female, who arrived in Australia as an unaccompanied minor from war torn Congo six months ago. While in a camp she was sexually abused, which resulted in the birth of her child. She is now a full time student and trying to move on with her life. However, she is unable to take care for her infant. She has opted to give her baby for an adoption. The court would like to ensure that she is mature and stable enough to make this decision.

Haleema is 18 years old female who migrated with her family to Australia from Indonesia 4 years ago. Presently, she is taking a course at a local TAFE. She is unsure what career to pursue and would like to understand her strengths and aptitude.


Whenever reference is made to the legal subjects, the term is usually assimilated to the concept of person, understanding the latter as the only conception that exists within the category of subjects of rights without including other conceptions such as that of subject of legal relevance, subject of special protection, etc. Thus, the present work addresses the issues that revolve around the legal status of animals within the Colombian legal system, so as to make it possible to identify whether these can be recognized as subjects of rights and if, this recognition is possible, does it extend to all animals or it is diminish by the anthropocentric conception immersed in Colombian law, which constitutes legal barriers for the recognition of an animal legal subjectivity of all beings that have been historically subjected to human practices.


The kinematics analysis of the 3-PCR parallel robot mechanism with 3-DOF was carried out.Based on the motion constraint equation of the mechanism,the analytic expression of the position solution of the mechanism was established.Through composite motion analysis of points,the relationships between the control members of the mechanism and the velocity and acceleration of the mobile platform,and expressed in the form of explicit function.by means of the assembly model of the mechanism created by using UG and the ADAMS simulation,the planned motion track was verified.


At the initial level of adoption, the invasive rejuvenation technology for old senile fruit trees, particularly in litchi presents many (a variety) crosscutting issues on the theme of restoration of youthful vigour, enhancement of quantum of quality fruit production, period of sustainability and above all the economic feasibility. It encompasses aspects of scientific, suitability, productivity, sustainability and economic feasibility. All these require proper implementation leading to success stories. Apart from the awareness to growers and enough knowledge base through training, understanding/analysis the economic feasibility is very vital to increase the level of adoption of this technology for profitability and prosperity.


At a certain stage of the historical development, the language environment of a particular nation is recorded in written sources. The written heritage of the 16 th – 18 th centuries contains information about phonetic, morphological, lexical and phraseological features of the Tatar literary language. Its rich phraseological material is of great interest to modern researchers. The article studies phraseological units and the features of their use in the Old Tatar literary language of the 16 th – 18 th centuries. Phraseological units are ancient layers of the language fund, transmitted from generation to generation without changes. Their origin and semantics are the focus of modern phraseology and semasiology research. Specific examples, collected from Old Tatar written sources of the 16 th – 18 th centuries, show that Tatar writers of these eras actively used phraseological units in their works and poets sensitively perceived their semantics. Overtime, phraseological units in different sources have remained unchanged retaining their structure, meaning or function, while some of them have undergone various changes both in form and in content.


Although bailing exploitation is more suitable for the exploitation of low output oil wells drilled newly or distributed dispersively,which can reduce investment and cost to a great extent and raise economic profit,it does not mean that all of the low output and low profit oil wells or low output oil wells without profit gain economic profit after turning into bailing.Therefore,on the basis of reservoir engineering theory,combining with practice of bailing,setting up the method and calculating formulas of the economic limit output and water cut economic limit of bailing or pumping turning into bailing oil well,point out primary impact factors.This kind of method is very simple and practical.For the sake of ensuring Daqing peripheral oilfields to develop bailing effectively and raising economic profit,it offers technological basis.


This paper presents a new model for the task of contrastive opinion summarization (COS) particularly for controversial issues. Traditional COS methods, which mainly rely on sentence similarity measures are not sufficient for a complex controversial issue. We therefore propose an Expert-Guided Contrastive Opinion Summarization (ECOS) model. Compared to previous methods, our model can (1) integrate expert opinions with ordinary opinions from social media and (2) better align the contrastive arguments under the guidance of expert prior opinion. We create a new data set about a complex social issue with "sufficient" controversy and experimental results on this data show that the proposed model are effective for (1) producing better arguments summary in understanding a controversial issue and (2) generating contrastive sentence pairs.


The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of operating cash flow, sales and liquidity on profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method by describing or describing the data that has been collected as it is without intending to make conclusions that apply to the public or generalization. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results showed that operating cash flow, sales and liquidity simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. In the coefficient of determination R2 Adjusted value obtained by 59% means that the variable variations in operating cash flow, sales and liquidity can explain its effect on profitability while the remaining 41% is a variation of other variables not explained in this study such as capital, income, etc. Operating cash flow partially has a positive and significant effect on profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. This shows that operating cash flow has a positive effect in theory as well as a significant significant effect in increasing profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. Partial sales have a positive and significant effect on profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. This shows that sales have a positive effect in theory and significantly influence significantly in increasing profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. Liquidity partially has a negative and not significant effect on profitability at PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 period. This shows that Liquidity has a negative and not significant effect in increasing the Profitability of PT Kencana Permata Nusantara  for the 2014-2018 Period


The paper contains characteristics of Magadan & Khatyr basins. It shows that the most promising outlooks of the Magadan basin are related to deep inherited pods containing oil source rocks of fully released potential


The essays on Interactions between Non-profit finance, governance and investments study the economic and investment behavior of foundations, as well as the general environment of non-profit governance and of equity investments by non-profit foundations. The essays are structured as follows. The Introduction presents the rationale for non-profits, some basic characteristics of non-profits and especially of foundations, and compares the economic motivation of non-profit foundations with that of for-profit companies. Essay 1 examines the root causes of governance choices in foundations, and the consequences of such governance choices. Essay 2 empirically investigates the equity portfolios of foundation investors and confirms typical characteristics of foundations as investors.The governance in foundations, a wealth-endowed subset of non-profits, differs fundamentally from the governance principles of for-profit corporates on three dimensions: (1) foundations do not have legal owners who could exert external control over the foundation; (2) without universal measures, such as profitability or stock market valuation, the efficient economic behavior of foundations is difficult to assess; and (3) most foundations are established to exist in perpetuity and are not subjected to any market for control.Thus, Essay 1 focuses on the following questions. Firstly, (1) which foundation-specific characteristics explain the accumulation of power at the board level in the governance of foundations? A sample of 891 foundations in Finland is empirically investigated using data on the foundations' detailed rules, financials, and other characteristics. A new index measure for the concentration of control in foundations is constructed. Secondly, (2), the first Essay examines whether governance choices may have any consequences on foundations' grant-making or other charitable spending.One of the possible drivers for governance choices include a foundation's financiers. In absence of owners, the regular financiers such as donors, customers or the public sector may exert power over how the foundation is administered. In order to investigate the effect of financing, Essay 1 classifies sample foundations into four categories, based on their main source of finance. The empirical results suggest that a foundation's source of finance is associated with the concentration of decision powers. Foundations that have to regularly approach outside sources of finance ― donors, public sector or customers ― show less concentration of power on the board level than foundations that can finance their missions with capital income from an endowment. We also find that foundations with a less concentrated governance model spend more on charitable operations than foundations with concentrated governance. However, in grantmaking foundations this association does not emerge: governance is not related to the level of grantmaking. In our second Essay, we argue for the need to understand the investment behaviour of various investor types, and present empirical evidence of non-profits' equity investment style, based on data on portfolios of listed equity owned by 530 foundations during the years 2000-2013. Overall, foundations are active risk-takers: they can carry concentrated equity risk by not diversifying their portfolios towards the industry breakdown of the general market index. Foundations are shown to be infrequent traders, with relatively low equity portfolio turnover. If they decide to own a stock for longer than one year, they remain owner for 3.6 years on average (in the 13-year sample period). In addition, the majority of their single shareholdings stay intact from year to year. Foundations do not adjust their positions frequently.Foundation age and size are related to the equity allocation of foundations' portfolios: older and larger foundations diversify more along the lines of the market index breakdown. We also find that older foundations trade less frequently than younger ones.The essays present new insights into non-profit economic behavior. Concerning governance, Essay 1 suggests a measure (Foundation Governance Index) and a determinant (the source of finance of a foundation) for governance in non-profits. Concerning investments, Essay 2 confirms empirically that non-profits have a distinct equity investment style.


DUPLESSIS, D. H., 1992. Serological differentiation of five bluetongue virus serotypes in indirect ELISA. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 59, 119-122 (1992) The serological reactivity in indirect ELISA of five different bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes (4, 10, 15, 16 & 20) was compared using- polyclonal antisera raised against virus particles and an outer structural protein, VP2. Rabbit and sheep antisera against BTV-10 produced higher ELISA value_s with their homologous antigens than with heterologous serotypes. A hypenmmune rabb1t serum spec1f1c for virus particles was able to distinguish heterologous serotypes from each other, but a sheep serum from an infected animal was not. An antiserum directed against VP2, the protein resposible for serotype specificity in neutralization tests, was not serotype-specific in ELISA and cross-reacted with other serotypes. The discriminatory ability of a BTV-4 antiserum was improved by cross-absorption w1th heterologous antigens. This greatly reduced the ELISA signals with heterologous serotypes and pro duced an antiserum that was effectively serotype-specific.


The title complex, [Zn(C3H4N2)4](C7H3N2O7)2, consists of a tetrakis(1H-imidazole-κN3)zinc(II) cation and two 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate anions. In the cation, the ZnII atom, located on a twofold axis, is tetrahedrally coordinated by four N atoms from four imidazole ligands. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between cations and anions form a supramolecular network.


Measurements of the magnetostriction and magnetization of two ferromagnetic $\mathrm{Pt}\mathrm{Fe}$ alloys and a paramagnetic $\mathrm{Pd}\mathrm{Ni}$ alloy are presented. The Belov equation for the free energy of a weak itinerant ferromagnet including magnetoelastic terms is used to estimate the volume dependence of the Curie temperature ${T}_{C}$. For the alloy ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.99}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.01}$, the resultant value is $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}{T}_{C}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}=\ensuremath{-}47$, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$, is the volume strain. The volume dependence of the magnetization $M$, determined from the magnetostriction, is field dependent and decreases monotonically from $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}M}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}=\ensuremath{-}1.6$ at 35 kOe to $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}M}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}=\ensuremath{-}37$ at 2 kOe, where it is still decreasing rapidly. This behavior is in disagreement with the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction model, which was found to explain satisfactorily the behavior of $\mathrm{Pd}\mathrm{Fe}$ alloys. The model predicts that $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}M}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}$ should be field independent and of the same order of magnitude as $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}{T}_{C}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}$. In the alloy ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.97}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.03}$, it is not possible to estimate $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}{T}_{C}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}$ from the Belov plots, because of domain effects. The value of $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}M}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}$ is constant and equal to - 0.5 above about 15 kOe, but increases considerably at lower fields, as in ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{0.99}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.01}$, before domain effects intervene. The Belov equation is modified to describe the magnetostriction and magnetization of the paramagnetic alloy ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{0.9811}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.0189}$, and thereby to estimate the value, $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{A}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}}=\ensuremath{-}19$, of the volume dependence of its susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{A}$. The Belov equation and its modification for a strongly paramagnetic metal describe satisfactorily the field dependence of the magnetostriction, but not the magnetization, both for the ferromagnetic $\mathrm{Pt}\mathrm{Fe}$ alloys and the $\mathrm{Pd}\mathrm{Ni}$ alloy.


The disclosure of an important yet sensitive link may cause serious privacy crisis between two users of a social graph. Only deleting the sensitive link referred to as a target link which is often the attacked target of adversaries is not enough, because the adversarial link prediction can deeply forecast the existence of the missing target link. Thus, to defend some specific adversarial link prediction, a budget limited number of other non-target links should be optimally removed. We first propose a path-based dissimilarity function as the optimizing objective and prove that the greedy link deletion to preserve target link privacy referred to as the GLD2Privacy which has monotonicity and submodularity properties can achieve a near optimal solution. However, emulating all length limited paths between any pair of nodes for GLD2Privacy mechanism is impossible in large scale social graphs. Secondly, we propose a Walk2Privacy mechanism that uses self-avoiding random walk which can efficiently run in large scale graphs to sample the paths of given lengths between the two ends of any missing target link, and based on the sampled paths we select the alternative non-target links being deleted for privacy purpose. Finally, we compose experiments to demonstrate that the Walk2Privacy algorithm can remarkably reduce the time consumption and achieve a very near solution that is achieved by the GLD2Privacy.


The influence of acoustic energy on a cloud is examined using a numerical model. Results indicate that high-intensity sound applied for a few seconds leads to a shift in droplet spectra toward larger sizes, which, in some cases, leads to earlier development of precipitation.


While Islamophobia is on the rise after the carnages of Paris and Bruxelles, recent developments in Italy may foster the confidence in the freedom of religion of European Muslims. In a ground-breaking decision, the Italian Constitutional Court has nullified a regional "anti-mosques law" enacted by the Lombardy Region one year ago, discriminating the Muslim community of this rich and populated area of Northern Italy.


The paper presents the results of preliminary research conducted by the acid bioleaching method, with the use of autochthonous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and museum strains of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, on recovery of metals contained in selected metallurgical waste. The material contained mainly oxidative minerals Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3 as well as lead, zinc, copper and nickel sulphides. Concentrations of the key metals were respectively: zinc 3.46 %, lead 13.8 %, copper 0.4 %, nickel 0.06 %. The works were carried out on a small laboratory scale. The results confirmed that the method is effective. The most effective process of bacterial leaching in the heap was for zinc – a 28 % yield in 96 days.


Abstract This paper reported vitamin C (VC) encapsulated chitosan (CS) microspheres cross-linked in the presence of two cross-linking agents, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and Tween 80, for controlled release of VC. Furthermore, the effect of the crosslinking agent was described. The obtained micro and nanocapsules were evaluated by loading efficiency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro release studies. Encapsulation efficiency was calculated. FTIR and XRD revealed the dispersion and stability of VC after encapsulation in the CS matrix. Using Tween 80, as a crosslinking agent, encapsulation was completely done, which is related to the larger number of hydroxyl groups of Tween, causing the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding with CS and VC. The release of VC from these microspheres was sustained and affected by the volume of cross-linking agent added. Finally, the release of VC from STPP-chitosan and Tween-chitosan microspheres followed Fick's law of diffusion. By loading encapsulated VC in PVA, electrospun nanofibers obtained without beading defect, also conductivity, and viscosity of PVA polymer solution were measured. SEM and EDX results indicated that inorganic particle size was of the nano-order with uniform distribution and dispersion and the release of VC from PVA nanofibers was characterized.


This paper describes a high school web design contest held by a computer and information technology program. The goals were to serve the community with community engagement websites and also to provide experiential learning in an IT field and hopefully to encourage students to pursue careers in IT. Five high schools competed, with forty-eight students in thirteen different teams.


The invention discloses an SAR image segmentation method based on an overall manifold prototype clustering algorithm and a watershed algorithm, which mainly solves the problems of large calculated amount and unstable segmentation result of the traditional clustering segmentation method. The method comprises the following realizing steps of: (1) setting a termination condition for a running parameter; (2) inputting an image to be segmented and carrying out rough segmentation on the image to be segmented; (3) extracting the characteristics of an image block obtained after rough segmentation; (4) adopting the characteristics of the image block as data to be processed to select an initial clustering center; (5) calculating a manifold distance between any two data points to be processed; (6) adopting the manifold distance between the data to be processed as similarity measurement to carry out clustering on the data to be processed; (7) updating the clustering center; (8) judging whether the termination condition is reached or not, if not, turning to the step (6); otherwise, outputting a segmentation result. The invention has the advantages of short use time and accurate and stable segmentation result and can be used for the technical field of image reinforcement, mode recognition, target tracing, and the like.