Genes encoding nucleocapsid (N) and envelope (E) proteins of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were obtained by RT-PCR and were cloned into the expression vector pGEX-KG. The genes were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant proteins were in a soluble form. The proteins were purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant N protein reacted specifically with anti-SARS antibody. The results may provide a good tool for further research of immune responses and early diagnosis of SARS virus.


The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) waters are significantly transformed within the Indonesian Archipelago and consequently influence the large-scale ocean circulation such as Agulhas and Leeuwin Currents. Existing ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are, however, incapable of reproducing the transformation of the ITF waters, since tidal forcing is neglected in such models. In the present study, we first conduct high-resolution non-hydrostatic three-dimensional numerical experiments focusing on the transformation of the ITF waters in the Halmahera Sea which is thought to be the most important bottleneck in simulating the ITF water-mass properties. It is shown that intensive vertical mixing induced by breaking of internal tides in the shallow regions in the Halmahera Sea dilutes the ITF waters, significantly reducing model biases found in the existing OGCMs. We next evaluate quantitatively the effect of tide-induced vertical mixing on the transformation of the ITF waters. It is shown that tide-induced vertical mixing dominates the transformation of the ITF waters, although some supplementary processes such as horizontal mixing associated with the sub-mesoscale eddies resulting from tidal interaction with land configurations cannot be ignored.


Non-blinded and blinded male mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis holbrooki) were subjected to three different photoperiods (a short photoperiod of 8 hr light daily, a simulated natural photoperiod that was increased from 12.25 to 14.50 hr of light, and a long photoperiod of 16 hr of light) at a constant mild temperature (20°C) during the spermatogenesis period (March–May). Afterwards, the testes were removed and studied by quantitative histological methods, along with the testes from initial and final field controls. Fish exposed to simulated natural or long photoperiod (16L:8D) developed complete spermatogenesis like the final controls. Fish exposed to short photoperiod developed spermatogenesis up to the primary spermatocyte stage. Photoperiodic effects on spermatogenesis were similar in both blinded and intact males subjected to the same photoperiodic conditions. Thus, extraocular photoreception must be involved in photoperiodic effects on reproduction, and the presence of the eyes is not required for spermatogenesis in this species. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


This thesis focuses on multiple identity constructions and symbolic uses of language among Mexican-Americans in Arizona. The concept of a homogeneous "MexicanAmerican community" is shown to be a construct ~ an imagined community. Building on anthropological conceptualizations of identity, and studies in language and identity, a framework of the simultaneity of experience focuses the analysis in terms of ethnicity, class, and gender, framing a discussion of the emotional dimension of minority status and the symbolic function of language in identity. Rather than offer a comprehensive analysis of a bounded Mexican-American identity, this paper offers insight into the construction of multiple identities, through the analysis of discourse from a small group of people; individual voices are highlighted through the use of case studies. Conceptualizations of identity construction are problematized, including the common expectation of heterogeneity in ethnic groups such as those of Mexican heritage.


SUMMARY Angus (A), Brahman (B), and Charolais (C) cattle were straightbred and reciprocally crossed in all possible 2-breed combinations. An average of 91 progeny were produced in each of the nine subclasses. The traits studied included weaning age, condition score, 205-day weight and weaning weight. Overall least squares means for calf age at


Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common infectious disease that represents one of the main causes of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CHB is still difficult to treat due to the lack of drugs that completely eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) from hepatocytes. The study was aimed to describe the CHB clinical and laboratory features, assess the efficiency of antiviral therapy and identify the factors associated with the response to antiviral therapy. The results of clinical and laboratory assessment, instrumental examination, serological and molecular testing of the patients (n = 201) followed up between 2007–2021 in the Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Treatment Center at the Clinical Hospital No. 85 of FMBA of Russia were assessed based on primary sources. Most of the patients in the group were males (56.7%); the HBeAg-negative patients predominated (93%). LC was diagnosed in nine patients (4.5%), among them one patient had HCC. The HBV D genotype was determined in 95.4% of cases, А genotype in 3.1% of cases, and С genotype in 1.5% of cases. After a year of treatment with the nucleos(t)ide analogues (entecavir or tenofovir) 88% of patients showed no viremia and their biochemical parameters were back to normal (88%). The overall seroconversion rate was 41.7% for HBeAg and 3% for HBsAg. Thus, high rates of virological response and enzyme activity normalization were obtained. Low baseline viremia level is an independent prognostic factor of achieving a virological response. The HBsAg level in the end of therapy makes it possible to predict relapse after the treatment cessation.


To determine if GABAA modulation during adolescence increases the likelihood of alcohol abuse in adulthood, the effect of adolescent administration of positive and negative GABAA modulators on adult alcohol preference was assessed. Three groups of adolescent male rats received injections of lorazepam, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or vehicle on alternate days from postnatal day (PD) 35 to 65. The acute effects of each drug on food intake were measured under two levels of food access. Ethanol preference was assessed when subjects reached adulthood (PD 90) by giving each group access to three bottles containing water, saccharin, or an ethanol/saccharin solution (0.05% saccharin with 5, 10, or 18% ethanol). In adolescence, lorazepam administration significantly increased food intake on injection days compared to noninjection days and to DHEA and vehicle, and this effect was enhanced by mild food restriction. DHEA significantly decreased food intake compared to noninjection days, but not compared to vehicle‐treated subjects. In adulthood, lorazepam‐treated subjects preferred the two lowest concentrations of ethanol/saccharin over saccharin alone, whereas both vehicle‐treated and DHEA‐treated subjects showed no preference for ethanol/saccharin over saccharin. These data demonstrate that GABAA modulation during adolescence alters preference for ethanol in adulthood.


Introduction Historical Materialism and the State Globalization The Soviet State and its Rulers Globalization of the Soviet State The Problem of Reform The Gorbachev Restructuring The Collapse China and Vietnam State-Controlled Economies: South Korea and Indonesia Conclusion Endnotes References Bibliography Index


The invention relates to the field of automobile classification technologies and discloses a method and system for classifying automobile types based on a neural network. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of training samples are collected, and the training samples are classified based on the convolutional neural network, so a classifier containing label results is obtained; when the automobile types are classified, a video image to be detected is read in, a motion object in the image is detected, and sub-block processing is performed on the image according to the motion object; afterwards, classification processing is performed on each block of image through the classifier, so a detection result is obtained. Accordingly, a neural network system can be constructed easily and conveniently to serve as the classifier, the system is trained by using different automobile samples, the system is made to automatically study complex class conditional density of the samples, and therefore the problems caused by class conditional density functions of artificial hypothesis are avoided. Compared with an existing automobile type classification method, the method for classifying the automobile types based on the convolutional neural network has the advantages that the accuracy of classification is improved, and the classification speed is increased.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the power landscapes within Chinese universities, against the larger backdrop of China's attempt to build modern university governance systems for developing world-class universities. Drawing upon Fairclough's three-dimensional conceptions of discourse and informed by Pierre Bourdieu's key conceptual notions of field and capital, the paper provides a critical discourse analysis of statutes of 10 top Chinese universities in terms of their texts, discursive practices and social practices and thus analyses existing power relations. The statute texts construct a hierarchical field of power by wording the 'core' stakeholder Party Committee as the leadership, using content sequence as a measure of power ranking, and including only limited stakeholders in the joint governance mechanism. Regarding discursive practices, faculty members' participation in the formulation and distribution of university statutes is insufficient. The social practices identify with statute texts in terms of power relationships between Party Committee members, administrators and academics.


Punitive damage system was originated in British US law system and has its own punitive and deterrence functions.Our country has made some punitive damages in Special Laws.However,there are still many flaws in its real practice.This paper analyzes the legislation of domestic punitive damage system and its judicial status,and then offers some proposals for its perfection.


The aim of the paper is to evaluate the fiscal challenges which have appeared before EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) countries after four years of monetary union functioning. Then the author formulates conclusions for accession countries, which plan to be members of EMU in the near future. The first part of the paper deals with criteria of fiscal stabilization within EMU, their meaning and connections with economic growth. The fiscal stabilization criteria were taken from the Pact of Stabilization and Growth and in the Maastricht Treaty. The first criterion concerns budged deficit, whose relation to the GDP should be no higher than 3%. The second criterion concerns public debt, whose relation to the GDP should be no higher than 60%. Special procedure and sanctions are forecasted in case of a country which does not respect those criteria. It fundamentally limits possibilities of using fiscal policy to stabilize economy after the economic shocks. On the other hand, the fiscal criteria have also positive influence, because of implementation of discipline to the economic policy, which is created by the policymakers who act under policy cycle pressure. At that point, a problem of contradictions between short ormedium period of economic policy and long period in policymaker?s actions appears. If we assume that effective economic policy should be based on the long-run stable rules to assure economic development in long period, we can conclude that fiscal discipline is necessary. But if we assume that government should apply fiscal policy for short run fine tuning of economic processes, we can consequently conclude that fiscal stabilization criteria limit government possibilities. After four years of EMU functioning, budged deficit and public debt have appeared as challenges again. Those selected countries are: Portugal, Germany and France. Reasons of budged deficit and public debt are different in each country. An explanation may be found in processes of adjustment to the Maastricht criteria in the period of the 90's. Research by M. Demertzis, M. Hallet and A.H. Rummel indicates that the convergence degree, which was revealed by fulfilling the Maastricht criteria at the end of the 90?s resulted from applying appropriate instruments of economic policy rather than from natural convergence processes in the area of economic and structural adjustments. The authors of the research also emphasise that although politics helped to create conditions which enabled the existence of the Economic and Monetary Union, from that time on the whole project has depended on the impact of all political changes. In the case of fiscal stabilization, governments of many EMU countries increased tax burden rather than cut the budged expenditure to achieve lower deficit. In Germany, France, Portugal and many other countries governments did not implement radical reform of public finance structure. Recession which has started from 2000 is another problem. Especially deep recession has appeared in Germany. One of the reasons is rigidity of German economy and lack of deep public finance reform. The prospect of EMU is dependent on economic reforms in member countries. One of them is deep reform of public finance structure. The new member countries of the EU are facing the necessity of economic adjustment to the convergence criteria, and among them criteria of fiscal stabilization. Experiences of selected EMU countries let conclude that nominal convergence should be the result of real convergence processes. Thus fiscal stabilization should be the result of deep changes in the structure of public finance and tax systems.


The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of blood protozoa infection
in quail in several sub-districts in Jombang. Purposive sampling method was used
to choose the quail farm in Jombang. One hundred quail blood samples were
collected from three sub-districts of Jombang which were Peterongan, Jombang
and Diwek. The blood smear samples were then stained using 10% Giemsa
solution. The presence of the blood's protozoa in quail was determined
microscopically and found Leucocytozoon sp totally in 10 out of 100 blood
samples (10%). There was no difference significanly of the presence of
Leucocytozoon sp in age of the quail.


We used neurophysiological analyses to determine that arctiid moths which emerge, as adults, during the spring possess tympanic organs responsive to ultrasonic stimuli similar to the echolocation s...


During 1970s and 1980s, open-ended approach had emerged as a method to reform mathematics teaching of Japanese classrooms and has been spreading around the world. In the 1990s lesson study, a Japanese style of professional development, become known to other countries. During this time educational reform movement in Thailand has been focusing on reforming of student' learning processes and calling for innovative teacher education program. This paper describes how in this era open-ended approach when being integrated with lesson study has become an innovative mathematics teaching to improve teacher education in Thailand.


The present invention relates to the field of microelectronics packaging material or a ceramic material, in particular, it relates to a continuous low temperature sintering a high thermal conductivity AlN ceramic methods and products. Which AlN ceramics composed of AlN powder and an additive sintering, the AlN powder of average particle size of 1.0 ~ 2.0μm, the oxygen content of ≤1.0%, additive comprises nano AlN powder, a sintering aid, and rare earth metal oxides sintering aid selected from CaCO3 and Li2CO3, rare earth metal oxide selected from Y2O3, Sm2O3, Dy2O3, Nd2O3, Ho2O3 and Er2O3, wherein the content of the sintering aid is 1 ~ 2wt%, the amount of nano AlN powder of the total weight of the 5 ~ 10%, the content of rare earth metal oxide is 1 ~ 3wt%. Beneficial effects are: to improve the sintering properties of the aluminum nitride ceramic by the aluminum nitride powder of ultrafine and sintering aids, reduce the sintering temperature of AlN ceramics, so that it can be densified sintered at a temperature 1450 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃ range further such that the AlN ceramic thermal conductivity rate of 170 ~ 220W / mK. It is sintered in a continuous hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere furnace, improve production efficiency, low energy consumption, high yield, and low cost.


Abstract In this work, we present some of the most basic aspects (related to emitted light) of spin-based qubits made with vertically self-assembled coupled quantum dots (SACQDs). Electron and hole wavefunctions within SACQDS have been calculated by using the strain dependent theory. The investigated structure consists of identical ellipsoidal shaped QDs made with InAs/GaAs. By considering 100% spin-polarized states, the emitted light polarization along the direction of spin polarized states has been estimated. The carrier spin polarization, the external applied magnetic field, the interdot distance, the shape, and the symmetry of the quantum dot structure are crucial parameters for the light polarization.


Preface The Cultural Space of Journalism The Boundary-Work Approach The Evolution of Television News Mission Impossible?: When Government Tries to Define News Protecting the Cultural Authority of Journalism by Sanctioning Deviance The Clinton & Flowers Story: Too "Good" to Pass Up Conclusions References Index


In a clinical experiental report the ultrasonic placentography is evaluated as a very reliable method in the diagnosis of pathological insertion and in the differentiation between the low lying placenta and the placenta praevia. In late pregnancy a control examination is required to find a favourable development as a result of the placental migration.


How much of the variability of cerebrovascular accidents are explainable by meteorologic factors and what meteorologic factors are more influential on cerebrovascular attacks and deaths are explored by various sets of standardized multiple linear regression analyses with the prerequisites of the evaluation of distribution characteristics and correlations of meteorologic factors to be included in the analyses. Meteorologic effect on cerebrovascular accidents is discussed in view of an acute precipitating stress as well as a chronic stress which promotes their intricate developmental mechanisms and is of importance in increasing susceptibility to them.


The invention discloses a preparation method of fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal, and belongs to the technical field of fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal. The invention aims at providing a machining and preparation method of the fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal in which the fagopyrum tararicum is reasonably matched with rice, the process is simple and the fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal can be eaten instantly with hot water. According to the technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the following steps of: cleaning, washing and eccentrically draining the fagopyrum tararicum grain, drying, stopping drying when the moisture content is decreased to 14-15%, puffing and selecting so as to obtain the puffed fagopyrum tararicum, pressing the puffed fagopyrum tararicum into pieces, and finally drying for the second time at 180 DEG C so as to obtain the finished product, namely, the fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal, when the moisture content is decreased to 8-10%. The preparation method is widely applied to the technical field of fagopyrum tararicum oatmeal.


The data files are labeled according to figure numbers in the associated Open Access article, H. R. Bureau, D. Merz Jr., E. Hershkovits, S. Quirk and Rigoberto Hernandez, "Constrained unfolding of a helical peptide: Implicit versus Explicit Solvents," PLoS ONE 10, e0127034 (2015). (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127034). An in-depth description of the content of the data files can be found in ReadMe_ASMD1Data_20150526.


Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) currently in phase 3 clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety of ICIs in recipients of organ allotransplant is unclear, and several reports of fatal alloimmune injury after posttransplant ICI use have been published. We present the first published case of nivolumab used in the pretransplant setting for HCC resulting in fatal acute hepatic necrosis in the immediate postoperative period from a profound immune reaction likely propagated by nivolumab. Further investigation and significant caution are needed in the evaluation of patients awaiting transplant who are receiving ICI therapy.


This article is a part of a larger research project, carried out with funds granted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for statutory Decision No. 25504/E-560/M/2013. Project No:WP/2013/B/61. I thank Maciej Karwowski for his valuable comments.


: The paper is related to exploration of a didactical model that relies on the new Web technologies to realise the idea of e-Learning 2.0 for training in the field of Information Technology. For the exploration of the didactical model a specially designed e-learning course in Spreadsheets is developed and Web technology tools are integrated to support increasing the learning effects of different training activities. The paper presents a part of the study that shows how the social networking sites can be used to improve different learning effects of different training activities (knowledge assessment, individual work, presentation of primary and supplementary learning resources, etc.) in the Spreadsheet e-learning course.


A model of office procedures based upon directed graphs is introduced. This model is being used as a basis for work on an office assistant which integrates office procedures performed by individuals and by the assistant. It also provides a framework for an interface to an on-line database system. This paper introduces the basic features of the model, including a set of primitive actions which determine the semantics for the office procedures within the model.


This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm (GAs) based cryptanalysis technique. Genetic Algorithms are the optimization techniques which are also known for robustness. The analysis and the involved theory have been presented in the paper. The designing of fitness function has been done using the statistical analysis of a Standard English Language documents. The technique has been verified using 9 text documents of about 4000 words and the results are encouraging. The technique paves way of Soft Computing techniques in Cryptanalysis.


Atmospheric CO 2 and 222 Rn have been monitored at Amsterdam Island since 1980. Data were selected in order to eliminate any local influence. Typical CO 2 concentrations of the subantarctic marine atmosphere can be determined by selecting those values for which 222 Rn radioactivity was particularly low: less than 1 pCi m -3 . 222 Rn concentrations higher than 2 pCi m -3 are mainly due to injections into the subantarctic atmosphere from the continental source of South Africa. The passage of air masses under continental influence also shows typical CO 2 variations, well correlated with 222 Rn variations. From the knowledge of the global continental fluxes of 222 Rn, it has been possible to estimate CO 2 fluxes into the atmosphere from South Africa. The mean CO 2 flux corresponding to a 6-month period from May to October is about 5 millimole m -2 h -1 . Continental CO 2 emissions reach a maximum in August. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1990.00003.x


tensions within the movement. The leadership capitulated to Washington's economic demands, and the workers' movement lost the initiative which it frequently had in the first four years of the revolution. Yet, during the next eight years the MNR could not fully subdue the working class forces. For this reason the MNR came to depend on the peasantry and, ominously, the military, who seized power in a coup in 1964 (84-85). In the ensuing 20 years the same basic forces and leaders have contended for power. Though Dunkerley offers other insights, the main strength of the book lies in bringing together information on a revolution that is too little known outside Bolivia. Some may find the elaborate detail excessive. A glaring though minor error occurs in his assumption that the Eisenhower administration already had taken power when the revolution occurred; in fact, President Truman was still in office. This mistake denies him the opportunity to compare the approaches of the two administrations to the revolution. Finally, from a technical viewpoint, some material which is placed in the footnotes should be incorporated into the text or omitted.


Objective To study the inhibiting effects of extract of plantain seeds on prostatic hyperplasia(PH) in rat with benign PH(BPH) and explore its possible mechanisms.Methods Rat models with BPH were made by subcutaneously injecting testosterone propionate for 28 d after being castrated and randomly divided 4 groups by weight: model,finasterid,low and high dose groups of extract of plantain seeds,the other group was normal control.Different doses of extract of plantain seeds were administered respectively by gavage,the rats were put to death and prostatic glands were took after 28 d.Prostatic size was measured with normal saline substitution method.Prostatic weight was taken by electronic balance and prostate index was calculated.Pathology change of prostate tissue was observed with HE staining.The dihydrotestosterone content from the prostate gland was determined by ELISA.Results Extract of plantain seeds significantly reduced prostatic weight and index in rat with BPH(P0.05 or P0.01),and alleviated the proliferative changes in prostate.Extract of plantain seeds reduced dihydrotestosterone contents in prostate tissues(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusions Extract of plantain seeds has inhibitory effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia,and the inhibition may relate to inhibiting the 5 alpha-reductase activity and reducing the dihydrotestosterone content in prostate.


The structures of liquid Hg and the dilute liquid Hg alloys with 0.5 and 2 atomic percent Cd, and 0.5 and 1 atomic percent Pb have been studied by x-ray diffraction using a theta-theta diffractometer with monochromator in the diffracted beam. The addition of 0.5 or 2 atomic percent Cd into Hg did not produce any detectable change in the interference function I (K), where K=4π (sin Θ)/λ, whereas small additions of Pb seem to reduce the asymmetry of the first peak of 1(K) which is observed in pure Hg. Small additions of Pb also cause a slight shift of the second peak of l (K) to smaller K-values. The present results have been used to offer a possible interpretation of the structure of Hg as observed in the liquid state.


Increasing global warming due to fossil fuel usage, increasing diesel price and efforts to improve urban air quality increase the need for new vehicle technologies. Hybrid electric vehicles have the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions related to engine combustion.

In this thesis, a hybrid electric vehicle concept (HEV) is compared to a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle concept (PHEV) for a city bus application. The difference between a HEV and a PHEV is that the latter can be charged from the electricity grid. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate impact on total life-cycle-cost and total emissions when a part of the traction power is provided by an electric motor instead of a diesel engine.

Three scenarios regarding the EU energy market are established, reflecting present day and possible future developments until 2015. The scenarios are used to investigate the total life-cycle-cost and total emissions impact of different marginal electricity generation technologies and energy prices.

Optimisation calculations of different powertrain configurations are carried out using the computer tool THEPS. Costs and emissions from vehicle operation and power plant electricity generation are then compiled.

The results of the project indicate that it is possible to achieve diesel fuel savings between 14 and 57 % for a PHEV compared to a HEV. The extent of the savings depends on type and properties of powertrain components and length of the pure electric propulsion part of the vehicle drive cycle. Life cycle costs can potentially be decreased by 5 - 6 % and total CO2-emissions by 18 %.

In order to decrease PHEV life cycle cost, a certain minimum fraction of propulsion in all-electric-drive mode is required. For the life cycle cost advantage compared to HEVs to increase further, the diesel price must be high and energy buffers' (e.g. batteries) cycling sensitivity, energy density and cost must be improved. Emissions from vehicle operation are generally lower for PHEVs compared to HEVs, giving PHEVs potential to reduce local emissions. However, the type of marginal electricity generation technology used to provide the external electricity for buffer charging has significant impact on total emissions.


Flow-generated noise from in-duct strip spoilers was radiated from an open exhaust termination unit into a 70 m3 reverberation chamber and have been measured in 1/3 octave bands using sound power spectra. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package was adopted to model the strip spoilers in the air duct. Based on the results of CFD simulation of relevant configurations, the technique of Mak and Au and Mak and Oldham was adopted to normalise the experimental data. A normalised spectrum has been produced for predicting the sound power level of flow-noise produced by the strip spoilers in a rectangular air duct. The data collapse for the strip spoilers is generally good at higher Strouhal numbers, but is less efficient at lower Strouhal numbers where considerable scatter is observed. Together with the normalised spectrum, the predictive equations of Mak and his co-investigators can be used to predict the flow-generated noise produced by in-duct strip spoilers in a ventilation system at design stage using CFD. Practical application: Together with the normalised spectrum, the predictive equations of Mak and his co-investigators can be used to predict the flow-generated noise produced by in-duct strip spoilers in a ventilation system at design stage using CFD.


Subsea camera is an important facility for offshore engineering in deepwater, whose shell structure is designed and analyzed with the DBA (Design by Analysis) method for its high external pressure. Both the plastic collapse and buckling collapse analyses are carried out with the finite element method. Several types of analyses which are introduced in ASME BPV Code VIII-2 and EN13445 are done to get the collapse pressure. Elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic material models are used. The allowable pressure loads are compared by adopting the design factors in ASME and EN13445. The results show that the long and short shell buckling theory is not suitable for this kind of shell. ASME limit-load plastic collapse and elastic-plastic buckling collapse methods are recommended for the design.


Abstract Four methods for the analysis of sulphides in environmental sediments are described and compared. Data enabling comparison between the methods is presented. The accuracy and precision for each of the methods is discussed.


Internal fixation of comminuted unstable fractures of the severely osteoporotic proximal femur is sometimes supplemented with polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA). We here report an in vitro biomechanical evaluation of a biodegradable particulate composite that might be used for similar purposes. The composite includes a matrix phase consisting of a hydrolyzable prepolymer [polypropylene fumarate (PPF)] cross‐linked with methacrylate monomer, and a particulate phase consisting of tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. We implanted dynamic hip screws in 22 cadaveric proximal femora and measured the yield load for an oblique force applied to the femoral head. The hip screws were then reinforced with either PMMA or the PPF composite and tested again. On the basis of analysis of variance, the average increases in yield load for PMMA and PPF reinforcement of 1, 750 and 1,130 N were statistically significant (p < 0.00005), suggesting that both materials enhance congruence between implant and bone and thereby increase the projected load‐bearing area of the implant. The increase in yield force with PMMA was slightly higher than the increase with PPF (p < 0.05), but both values after reinforcement were close (3,790 ± 561 N for PMMA vs. 3,240 ± 669 N for PPF). If we can demonstrate that appropriate rates of degradation, bony ingrowth, and static and fatigue properties can be achieved in vivo with this system, our data suggest that this PPF composite may have potential as an adjunct to the internal fixation of unstable fractures of the osteoporotic hip.


Disassembly Line Balancing Problems have received much attention from practitioners and researchers due to their importance in sustainable economic development. This work focuses on a U-shaped disassembly line balancing problem and establishes its mathematical model by considering multiple optimization objectives, disassembly task priority relationship, staff training cost, and the cycle time of disassembly workstations. Considering the characteristics of the problem, it proposes a collaborative resource allocation strategy for a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, resulting a new method called MOEA/D-CRA for short. It allocates corresponding computing resources according to the importance of each subproblem. Four cases are used to compare the MOEA/D-CRA with two well-known algorithms. Experimental results prove that it is significantly better than its two peers.


The feasibility of the determination of trace elements by anodic pre-concentration and subsequent reductive galvanic stripping is demonstrated using the determination of lead as an example. The technique is suitable for the determination of lead in the µg l–1 range.


All current approaches to quantum gravity employ essentially standard quantum theory including, in particular, continuum quantities such as the real or complex numbers. However, I wish to argue that this may be fundamentally wrong in so far as the use of these continuum quantities in standard quantum theory can be traced back to certain {\em a priori} assumptions about the nature of space and time: assumptions that may be incompatible with the view of space and time adopted by a quantum gravity theory. My conjecture is that in, some yet to be determined sense, to each type of space-time there is associated a corresponding type of quantum theory in which continuum quantities do not necessarily appear, being replaced with structures that are appropriate to the specific space-time.
Topos theory then arises as a possible tool for `gluing' together these different theories associated with the different space-times. As a concrete example of the use of topos ideas, I summarise recent work applying presheaf theory to the Kochen-Specher theorem and the assignment of values to physical quantities in a quantum theory.


lished, and ask their indulgence for a word or two more on the correspondent's parting shot. Murray claims that Shakespeare uses logic "as a kind of anti logic" (witness Touchstone); thereby ("perhaps") the poet exhibits an impatience born of classroom drudg ery, and (in any case) discharges the essential function of what is after all an art of feigning or lying. But Touchstone is not Shakespeare, and the jester's sophisms need not, in effect or intention, invite our approval to make us laugh. Indeed, part of the fun of being taken in lies in the exercise of extricating oneself from the trap, by grace of reason. The logic of Touch stone, to be sure, does not lend itself to summary treatment. Murray's equation of feigning with lying seems to be a more elementary, though serious, error; it turns exactly on its head a theory of literature that is, if anything, overweening in its claims for the truth and coherence of the art.


antennas use antenna arrays with signal processing algorithms for identifying signals spatially. The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has a significant role in the implementation of a smart antenna. The conventional and super resolution methods have been used for DOA estimation applications for a long time. These methods have been quite efficient. However, some of them have computational complexities associated with them. Besides, these methods exhibit limited performance in dealing with the correlated signals. Such reasons limit their suitability for real time applications. Neural networks are non linear and use simple mathematical operators. They map the non linear behavior of smart antennas and perform DOA estimations accurately with considerable time reduction. The multi layer perceptron (MLP) based neural networks have demonstrated their capability of estimating DOAs very effectively even for correlated signals.


Rhythmic sound provides timing information that can be used to improve precision in exercise. Rhythmic performance of an exercise that consists of a movement cycle of goal-directed movements can enhance the efficiency of exercise on a cardio-fitness machine. Processing of rhythmic audio signals may cue continuous performances of movement cycles using rhythmic events, such as the beginning and end of audio playback, and the period of audio pulses, to temporally constrain movement to a spatial interval. An analogy of an optimization paradigm for rhythmic control is proposed to explain how sound drives adaptive and coincident methods for self-synchronization for the purpose of achieving precision in rhythmic movement. Criteria for rhythmic control are then presented in the context of modern fitness equipment as a future prospect to interface with sound technology.


A comprehensive analysis of the probation application in a criminal case in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29 FL № 433 is held in the article with the account of view points in the procedural criminal literature and statistics. The author notes that the appeal procedure of sentence verification in the form provided by FL № 433 contains a number of weaknesses that allow to question the principle differences between the newly introduced appeal procedure and the earlier existing one. These deficiencies can negatively affect the efficiency of the above mentioned Procedural Act that places the task of establishing a Court of the Second Instance of the appeal type. The following deficiencies are distinguished in the article: the broad arbitrary ability of the Court of Appeal to substitute the direct order of evidence consideration with an indirect one on its own initiative, the ability of the Court of Appeal to make a judgment that aggravates the defendant's situation in comparison with its definition in the appealed decision on the basis of indirect evidence consideration; vagueness and inaccuracy of the grounds for the decision of the Court of Appeal to return the criminal case to the Trial Court for a new judicial review; a great variety of appeals instances which may adversely affect the forming of uniform practice and does not exclude the existence of "controversial" decisions of various courts acting as courts of appeal. The author proposes and substantiates a number of measures aimed at ensuring consistency and completeness of establishing the Court of the Second Instance of the "appeal" type in the Russian system of appeals against a sentence. As an example of such measures, the author gives grounds for the necessity to secure the order of evidence study in the Court of Appeal which would be based on the principle of immediacy as a general rule; strict regulation of the ability of the Court of Appeal to deliver a decision when reviewing a criminal case that would abolish the acquittal and indict simultaneously (the making of such a decision should only be possible through direct evidence study by the Court of Appeal of both new and previously studied evidence by the Court of the First Instance); establishing a full criteria list of cases where the Court of Appeal is entitled to send a criminal case for a new trial in the Court of the First Instance (the violations of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedural Law that would indicate that the proceedings in the Court of the First Instance did not take place).


Three-dimension and non-isothermal flow simulations in the conveying element regions of new-style co-rotational triangle arrayed tri-screw extruder(TATSE) were performed by using the finite element method.With considering pressure build-up and viscous dissipation,the effects of rotational speeds,screw flight number,pressure difference and flow rate on the temperature profiles and power consumptions in the conveying element of the TATSE were investigated especially. To evaluate the economy of extrusion,the comparisons of power consumption and productivity ratio between twin screw extruder(TSE),parallel arranged tri-screw extruder(PATSE) and TATSE were carried out.The results show that flow rate is the main factor affecting power consumption and productivity ratio,followed by rotation speeds and screw flight number,and the pressure difference has minimal effect.By comparison,the mixing and power consumptions characteristics of TATSE are better than those of TSE and PATSE.


This study aims to draw attention towards the organizations' knowledge resources and operational capabilities. Particularly, the role of knowledge integration and its relation with operational capabilities while determining organizational performance. Present study fills the gap in existing literature by proposing a conceptual framework that links knowledge integration with organizational performance through the mediating role of operational capabilities. Moreover, study highlights the importance of knowledge integration as this enables the organization to impart new knowledge in existing knowledge base.


This thesis mainly investigates the bifurcation and chaos suppression of buck DC-DC converters by using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller. Firstly, a nonlinear converter is represented in the form of T-S fuzzy system and then controller gain matrices can be obtained by solving the linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Moreover, this study uses the MATLAB/SIMULINK software to simulate and observe, in the presence of variations of input voltage and load resistances, the output voltage characteristic, inductance current and the corresponding phase plane when the bifurcation and chaos phenomena occur at cycle 1, cycle 2 and the cycle 4, respectively. To control the chaotic system, a T-S fuzzy controller is introduced to change the output dynamics. From the simulation results, it is found that the converter output dynamics remain at cycle 1 trajectory with the proposed T-S fuzzy controller. It verifies that the proposed controller has good control performance and the chaotic phenomenon is suppressed.


Channel sense multiple access with collision detection ( C S W C D ) is a very simple and efficient way of allowing many stations to transmit messages to a central server down a shared channel. In wireless networks, however, collision detection is difficult to implement, and in such cases CSMA alone may have to be used. In this paper, it is shown that a multichannel CSMA network can be almost as efficient in utilizing the bandwidth available to the network as an equivalent single-channel CSMNCD network. Furthermore, multichannel CSMA networks provide better throughput and delay performance than equivalent single channel CSMA systems, even when the message generation probability and the number of stations in the network are varied. single channel systems. Therefore, one possible way of increasing the throughput of a star-connected CSMA network may be to divide up the available bandwidth in the system and create several channels, either by FDMA, TDMA or CDMA. In this paper the performance of a multichannel star-connected CSMA network is obtained using equilibrium point analysis (EPA). It will be shown that a multichannel CSMA network can provide almost as high a channel utilization efficiency as an equivalent single channel CSMAKD network, provided that the retransmission probability is chosen carefully. Furthermore, it is also shown that a multiple channel CSMA network does indeed provide a better throughput-delay performance than an equivalent single channel CSMA system. The model for the multichannel network is described in Section 2 , and the analysis is provided in Section 3 . Some numerical results are presented in Section 4, and the paper ends with some conclusions in Section 5.


In this study at attempt was made to examine the scale formed on ferritic-austenitic duplex type steel subjected to previous thermochemical treatment. The treatment consisted in diffusion aluminising in a metallising mixture composed of Fe-Al powder. As an activator, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) added in an amount of 2 wt.% was used. Then, both the base material and samples with the diffusiondeposited surface layers were oxidised at 1000°C in the air. Thus formed scales were identified by light microscopy, SEM and X-ray phase analysis. The aim of the oxidation tests carried out under isothermal conditions was to compare the scale morphology when obtained on untreated substrate material and on the surface layers rich in aluminium.


Fasciolosis is a serious problem in Ethiopia when cattle rising are of major importance to the local economy. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2013 to March 2014 to determine the prevalence, to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the flotation and sedimentation tests for the diagnosis of fasciolosis and economic importance of fasciolosis using postmortem examination on a total of 500 cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Soddo municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia. Out of the 500 cattle examined, 143(26.8%), 97(19.4%) and 55(11%) were positive for fasciolosis using liver inspection, sedimentation and flotation techniques respectively. Of the total (143) infected livers by fasciola species, Fasciola hepatica was the most prevalent one (46.1%) whereas F. gigantica , mixed and immature or undifferentiated forms of fasciola species recovered were 27.3%, 18.2% and 9.1% respectively. There was a statistically significant (P 0.05) in the prevalence of fasciolosis was observed based on the origin of the animals. The mean fluke burden in the affected livers was 52 flukes per liver. As to the liver severity of infection, from a total of 143 infected livers 30.8%, 52.4% and 16.8% were lightly, moderately and severely affected respectively. Taking liver examination as gold standard for diagnosis of fasciolosis, the sensitivity of the direct sedimentation technique was found to be 67.83% and the specificity was 100% with substantial agreement (k = 0.75) between the two methods and the sensitivity and specificity of flotation technique was found to be 38.46% and 100% respectively with moderate agreement (k = 0.472) between the two tests. The economic loss incurred due to condemned liver and carcass weight loss due to fasciolosis was estimated to be 3,564,990.00 ETB (187,631.053 USD) per annum. Thus, fasciolosis was proved to be widely distributed disease with relatively high prevalence and great impact on the economy. Therefore, more detailed study on ecology and biology of the snail and its effective control measures should be planned. Keywords: Abattoir, Bovine, Fasciolosis, Monetary loss, Prevalence, southern Ethiopia


Since the beginning of the agricultural revolution, cities have always been the cradle of civilisation, innovation and productivity, particularly as a result of the recent change factors affecting their (trans)formation, such as globalisation, the knowledge economy, technological advancements, climate change and so on. While in some parts of the world, cities are rapidly growing, in other parts, cities are shrinking, and their populations are aging. Even under the current pressure of constantly changing global conditions, the role of cities in influencing and partially shaping local, regional, national, supranational and even global level economy, society, environment and governance is undeniable. Global changes, while providing opportunities for cities and their administrations to reform and revisit existing planning and development processes and mechanisms, at the same time, challenge them by dealing with everincreasing risks and establishing resilience. At present, more than half of the world's population...


This research investigated potential methods of reducing the total VOC emissions from southern yellow pine lumber drying by modifying the kiln schedule or by using a pretreatment. Three different high-temperature kiln schedules were used: 120°C dry-bulb temperature (DBT) with 96°C wet-bulb temperature (WBT), 120°C DBT with 82°C WBT (control schedule), and 100°C DBT with 82°C WBT. Three pre-treatments were also investigated. One pre-treatment was steaming. In this case, the pine lumber was steamed at 98°C for 4 hours before it was dried. The other pre-treatments used radio-frequency heating by which the lumber was heated in a radio-frequency reactor for 10 and 40 minutes, respectively. Seasonal variation was also investigated across the different treatments. Statistically significant differences were found among the treatments. No statistically significant differences were detected, however, among the seasonal groups.


Flaviviruses infect their host cells by a membrane fusion reaction. In this study, we performed a functional analysis of the membrane fusion properties of West Nile virus (WNV) with liposomal target membranes. Membrane fusion was monitored continuously using a lipid mixing assay involving the fluorophore, pyrene. Fusion of WNV with liposomes occurred on the timescale of seconds and was strictly dependent on mildly acidic pH. Optimal fusion kinetics were observed at pH 6.3, the threshold for fusion being pH 6.9. Preincubation of the virus alone at pH 6.3 resulted in a rapid loss of fusion capacity. WNV fusion activity is strongly promoted by the presence of cholesterol in the target membrane. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that cleavage of prM to M is a requirement for fusion activity of WNV. West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus which also includes dengue virus (DENV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Flaviviruses infect cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. In the acidic environment of the endosome, the viral envelope (E) glycoproteins undergo a series of orchestrated structural rearrangements, leading to fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. Upon RNA replication and protein translation, prM/E-containing immature particles are formed by the budding of newly formed nucleocapsids into the endoplasmic reticulum (Lindenbach & Rice, 2001). These particles mature during transport through the Golgi and trans-Golgi network and shortly before the final release of the virions prM is cleaved to M by the host cell protease furin. Furin cleavage is not very efficient, as a mixture of prM- and M-containing particles are secreted from infected cells (Wengler & Wengler, 1989). The flavivirus E-glycoprotein and alphavirus E1 glycoprotein are representatives of class II fusion proteins (Kielian & Rey, 2006). Class II fusion proteins share a similar architecture and undergo major structural rearrangements during their viral life cycle. For example, in the infected cell, class II fusion proteins are synthesized along with a


The students' dorm in vocational college is not only a place for the students to live,study and rest,but also an important place to exchange ideas and develop comprehensive quality.The 5S principle is an excellent field managing method in companies.This paper will discuss how to apply the 5S principle to the students' dorm management in vocational colleges.


Two methods of tangential filtration, axial filtration and cross-flow filtration, were tested on scleroglucal broths. These methods were compared to conventional straight-flow filtration using the same media with 5-..mu..m pore size membranes. The axial filter at a differential pressure of 5 psi provided higher permeate fluxes after 6 min of filtration time and caused less polymer rejection by the membrane as measured by filtrate viscosity. Fluxes obtained using the axial filter fitted wth a 125-..mu..m screen separated about 90% of the biomass from the diluted culture broth with no apparent polymer rejection as measured by filtrate viscosity. Both cross-flow and axial filtration methods gave higher fluxes after a 6-min filtration time than flat-plate filtration when used to polish the axial-flow screened filtrate using 5-..mu..m membrane. At 5 psi differential pressure, less polymer rejection was observed with axial filtration of the prescreened feed than with the flat-plate filter. In addition to higher flux, tangential filtration methods produce a concentrated biomass stream which has the potential for use as an animal feed component.


Abstract: Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels which is renewable and environmentally friendly and can be used in diesel engines with little or no modifications. The objective of this study is to investigate potential of biodiesel fuels and biodiesel fraction from various feedstocks such as jatropha, palm, cotton, rice bran, rapeseed, linseed as well as from waste cooking oil in terms of the corresponding CI engine performance and exhaust emissions comparing to a reference diesel. The experimental work was carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) diesel engine by using Dieselbiodiesel blends prepared in volume percentages 5, 10, 15 and 20% and neat diesel. The engine was operated over a range of engine loads. Results showed that higher brake-specific fuel consumptions (BSFC), Higher exhaust concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) while lower carbon dioxide (CO), smoke opacity and hydrocarbon emissions (HC) were observed when using biodiesel fuels compared to diesel fuel. Thus, with the increasing demand for biodiesel, alternative feedstock sources such as those used in this study may be utilized to take advantage of their exciting potential opportunities to increase energy security and environmental benefits.


INTRODUCTION: Autologous bone is widely accepted as the gold standard for graft material because it generally offers the most predictable and favorable clinical outcomes. However, the procurement of autograft is associated with a high incidence of complications. In addition, the amount of autograft available can sometimes be limited (e.g., in long fusions and in patients undergoing multiple revision surgeries). In an attempt to avoid some of the limitations and complications of autograft, several alternatives have been developed. These include cadaveric allograft, xenograft, and synthetic bone matrix. One major difference between autograft and its alternatives is the addition of a viable, non-antigenic cellular component consisting of osteoblasts, osteocytes, periosteal cells, and marrow elements (including mesenchymal stem cells). The contribution of graft-derived cells to the fusion site has been examined in a number of studies, but there is no consensus regarding their exact contribution, especially during the later phases of graft incorporation. In order to investigate this question, we developed a mouse model of spinal fusion in which male derived bone graft was transplanted into syngeneic female mice. This procedure allowed us to track the fate of the grafted male cells through the use of Y-chromosome painting probes. In addition, this novel mouse model of spinal fusion was characterized radiographically, histologically, and histochemically. METHODS: Spinal fusio n . Eleven Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) formed the basis of this study. Animal protocols were approved by the institutional committee on animal research. A posterolateral intertransverse process spinal fusion was performed between the transverse processes of the first and second coccygeal vertebrae of female mice using syngeneic male derived bone graft (1:1 mixture of morselized iliac crest and vertebral body bone graft). A paraspinal approach was taken. The transverse processes of coccygeal levels one and two were decorticated, and 75 mg of the bone graft mixture was placed across the transverse processes and the intertransverse membrane. Animals were sacrificed and their coccygeal spines harvested at one (n=4), two (n=3), and six (n=4) weeks postoperatively. Histologic, histochemical, and Y-chromosome analysi s . Specimens were fixed in PFA, decalcified, embedded, and cut into 7um thick slide sections. Histologic analysis was performed by the HBQ method. Osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities were determined histochemically using stains for alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, respectively. Ychromosome painting was performed by hybridizing the slides with a digoxigenin-labeled Y-chromosome probe. Hybridized probe was then detected with a fluoroscein conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody. RESULTS: One week postoperativ e . Intramembranous and endochondral bone flowed off of the decorticated transverse processes. The central area consisted of unremodeled and unincorporated graft chunks. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted on the decorticated transverse processes as well as within graft material located at the periphery of the fusion bed adjacent to the soft tissue envelope. The central portion of the fusion bed was devoid of osteoblastic activity, although TRAP activity was noted in this region, indicating osteoclastic resorption. Y-chromosome painting revealed abundant graft derived cells at this point. These cells which survived transplantation consisted of osteocytes within cortical pieces of bone graft, marrow cells from the trabecular portions of the graft, periosteal cells lining the bone graft, and osteoblasts. Two weeks postoperative . Early consolidation was noted radiographically and histologically between the transverse processes and the adjacent bone graft, with the formation of marrow spaces in these regions. The central portion of the graft now demonstrated more alkaline phosphatase activity but remained separated from the consolidated areas. Cartilage islands were noted bridging adjacent pieces of bone graft, and also bridging bone graft to decorticated transverse process. Cartilage was also noted in the periphery, adjacent to the dorsal musculature. The cellular contribution of graft remained abundant. Graft derived cells lined the marrow surfaces of the areas which had consolidated. They were also present within the fusion mass as osteocytes, as well as being within the cartilage islands. Interestingly, when cartilage islands lay between host and donor tissues, the chondrocytes near the graft were of graft origin, whereas those adjacent to the host tissues were of host origin. Six weeks postoperativ e . By this point, a solid arthrodesis had been achieved in all of the animals. A well formed, thin cortical rim with a well developed periosteum surrounded the fusion mass. The transverse processes were completely engulfed in the fusion mass. A very mature marrow cavity was present. Graft derived cells consisted of occasional osteocytes but were present in much fewer numbers than during the earlier timepoints. DISCUSSION: In the present study, we developed and characterized a novel mouse model of posterolateral intertransverse process spinal fusion. The timecourse of fusion was accelerated in mice compared to humans and other animal models. All of our mice had healed radiographically and histologically by 6 weeks. However, not all mice undergoing this procedure fuse. Preliminary work (not shown) in which less bone graft was used resulted in a much higher rate of nonunion. In addition, animals that underwent decortication alone without bone grafting also failed to fuse. Because the focus of the present study was to determine the cellular contribution of graft to the fusion, however, a dose response study was not performed and a sufficient amount of bone graft was used to ensure fusion. It is possible that with smaller amounts of graft material, the eventual cellular contribution may be lower. Fusion occurred through the formation of both endochondral and intramembranous bone. Consolidation and incorporation of bone graft proceeded from the decorticated transverse processes towards the central region. In fact, the central portion of the fusion bed remained unincorporated at two weeks, whereas graft near the transverse processes had already incorporated and, in some areas, formed a marrow space. One potential explanation for this observation is that decortication of the transverse processes liberates cells with osteogenic potential. In our model, bone graft appeared to make two different types of cellular contributions. At one week, the primary contribution consisted of the surviving transplanted cells in and around the pieces of bone graft. By two weeks, however, graft derived chondrocytes arose de nov o in areas undergoing endochondral ossification. Other graft derived cells (such as osteoblasts and marrow cells) were also present, but because these cell types had been directly transplanted at surgery, it is unknown whether they arose de nov o or survived transplantation. By six weeks, after extensive remodeling had occurred, scattered graft derived osteocytes remained present within the cortical rim, suggesting that bone graft does make a lasting cellular contribution to the fusion mass.


A display system comprises a light source device, a control device and a light modulator. The light source device is used for emitting at least first light, first supplemented light, second light andthird light. The control device is used for receiving a frame of input image data and generating a first light modulation signal, a first supplemented light modulation signal, a second light modulation signal and a third light modulation signal corresponding to the first light, the first supplemented light, the second light and the third light respectively. The light modulator is used for carryingout image modulation on light, in a corresponding color, emitted by the light source device according to the modulation signals within a frame of time. The first light modulation signal corresponds to first light grey level image data, the first supplemented light modulation signal corresponds to first supplemented light grey level image data, and the first supplemented light grey level image data is obtained by converting the grey value of each pixel of the first light grey level image data into n times of the original grey value, wherein n is larger than 0 and smaller than 1. The inventionfurther provides an image modulation method.


Among other things, photographs are deposits of social relations. To put it another way, they are social relations temporarily hardened into images—figured, captured, frozen. The most obvious of those relations, that between the photographer and the sitter, has been a regular subject of inquiry for art history. Acknowledging but leaving that kind of interest aside for the moment, we may explore other sorts of relations in and around a photograph and pursue a line of inquiry more in keeping with visual culture. Here's a quick example.


The survival of Erwinia amylovora during cold storage or outdoors may be a relevant factor in the spread of fireblight. The survival of E. amylovora was studied in cold storage on pear fruits, on container materials and on packaging paper, and outdoors on wood (oak and poplar) and on polyethylene. The samples were contaminated with a bacterial suspension of a mutant strain, washed, concentrated by centrifugation, and the final concentrates were used for plate counting. In cold storage, reisolation from the calyx was successful even after 101 days, whereas on pear surfaces, it was unsuccessful after just 1 day. On oak and poplar wood, reisolation was obtained up to 77 days in cold storage for both types of wood, but only up to 27 and 55 days, respectively, outdoors. Reisolation from packaging paper in cold storage was successful up to 14 days. Reisolation from polyethylene outdoors was unsuccessful after 24 h. Survival curves were calculated for each material. On the basis of a model of inoculum transmission, and using the survival curves, a phytosanitary risk period for the different types of materials was estimated.


Introduce a polarization imagery fusion algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization and pulse coupled neural network. The presented algorithm yields image with much higher quality and preserves more detail information of the objects.


Landfill leachate is blamed for elevated levels of iron in the groundwater monitoring wells downgradient of unlined landfills. It is suspected that the geochemical and geomicrobial iron reduction/oxidation processes are responsible for the iron release to the groundwater. When conditions permit, microbial mediated iron reduction and release may be the mechanism for elevated iron observations in the groundwater. In regions near the landfills, there is also a possibility of iron release due to the oxidation of metallic iron, especially, near the C&D landfills, which can occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The objective of this research is to investigate whether, and to what extent, microbial activities are responsible for iron release in the regions near landfills in Northwest Florida. For microbial mediated iron reaction processes, we want to testify whether it is an iron reducing process or sulphate reducing process (iron oxidation). In addition, we want to quantify the iron reduction/oxidation rate to provide evidence which mechanism is dominating and responsible for iron release in Northwest Florida. The methodology of this research is to react simulated leachate with soils collected from Northwest Florida in the absence and presence of microbial species cultured from landfill regions where elevated groundwater iron concentrations have been observed. Sixteen landfills of fifteen Northwest Florida counties were sampled and the soil iron content of these samples was quantified. Iron release experiments were then carried out using the sampled soil reacting with leachate samples in the presence of iron reducing bacteria that was pre-cultured using iron rich soil as the base consortia. The variations in pH throughout the experiments were monitored to study the correlation between iron concentration and pH. Iron release was most pronounced for soil samples collected from Walton County Central landfill reacting with the corresponding landfill leachate. The iron release for this site was as high as 275 mg/L within 5 days. On the contrary, minimal iron release was observed for the control, i.e., in the absence of iron reducing bacteria. These observations demonstrated that iron release nearby landfills in Northwest Florida was a microbial mediated iron reduction process. Though this research is focused on Northwest


The technology of detecting the internal and external diameter of the tubular cartridge case that using scanistor to obtain the image of the tubular cartridge case surface, aiming at the difference in the image of the surface between the degree of color gray. This article proposed the self-adapting image threshold divided method that base on mean and standard difference of the image of the surface using to definition threshold, solved the key question of the surface image manipulation, make the detecting result reaching the upper precision. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i11.3581


1 Popular ideas about language 2 Language and identity 3 The structure of language 4 The medium of language: speaking and listening 5 The medium of language: reading and writing 6 The medium of language: signing and seeing 7 Child language acquisition 8 Language, brain and handicap 9 The languages of the world 10 Language in the world 11 Language and communication Appendices 1 Glossary 2 Special symbols and abbreviations used in The Encyclopedia of Language 3 Table of the world's languages 4 Further reading 5 References 6 Index of langauges, families, dialects and scripts 7 Index of authors and personalities 8 Index of topics


D. Schnell, PhD; et al: unpublished data, 1989). The strong correlation between the presence of,-lactamase plasmids and chromosomally mediated resistance documented in the initial strains from Asia simply has been lost during the past decade ofprolific genetic reshuffling. Does controlling PPNG really matter anymore? Probably very little as an isolated program. In most areas these strains still account for only a small proportion of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, most antibiotics remain active against PPNG because the plasmid-specified ,B-lactamase hydrolyzes only penicillin and ampicillin, antibiotics that have become obsolete in the treatment ofgonorrhea in much ofthe world. Therefore, PPNG may be less deserving of a "public health emergency" declaration and control program than many non-PPNG strains. The most important control element in the California program was the broad use of ceftriaxone, 125 mg or 250 mg given intramuscularly, which is effective at all sites of infection and against all types of resistance. It should be used wherever there is insufficient information to rule out the presence of resistant strains. A dead gonococcus cannot produce resistant progeny. Was the California program responsible for a 59% reduction in PPNG incidence? Probably not, but without a wellmatched contemporaneous control group (an unreasonable requirement) we will probably never know. Confounding variables include changes in sexual behavior of the hostsuch as fewer sexual partners, an increased use of condoms, and so forth-and rising levels of immunity to a recently introduced strain.9 The epidemic curves for outbreaks of PPNG during 1986 to 1988 in Seattle"0 and other areas ofthe United States look quite like Figure 2 (Kizer and co-workers' article) of the California epidemic, even though specific control efforts differed or did not exist. Finally, and most important, there is the policy issue of optimal relationships between control programs for the "traditional" sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and the less traditional but more deadly HIV infections. The gonorrhea epidemic in the United States has rapidly contracted down around heterosexual poor urban minorities who have high rates of illicit drug use and prostitution to support these habits and therefore are at greatest risk of contracting HIV infections. Handsfield and associates reported that at one point during a 1987 PPNG epidemic in Seattle, an extraordinary 82% of patients gave histories of using crack or intravenous drugs or of having sexual contact with drug users.10 At about the same time, the prevalence of HIV infections in heterosexual intravenous drug users in San Francisco increased to 12% (24% in blacks) from 6% in 1983-1984.11 It is likely that similar HIV prevalence rates would have been found in Los Angeles patients with PPNG in 1987-1988. Until the common underlying risk behavior can be altered, the prospects for lasting control of either PPNG or HIV epidemics will remain dim. It is a hollow victory to cure someone ofPPNG infection who later dies ofAIDS. Ideally, a gonorrhea epidemic-PPNG or non-PPNG centered in poor Los Angeles minorities would be a biologic red light signaling a continuing high risk ofHIV transmission and leading to a coordinated response that included not only treatment with ceftriaxone but HIV counseling, testing, and treatment; partner notification; and illicit drug counseling and treatment. The California Department of Health Services is certainly no different from most health jurisdictions throughout the world in failing to effectively integrate limited sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention resources.


As the challenges associated with sustainability, urbanization, life quality and demography become more imminent, companies are adapting to the changing requirements by means of revised strategic approaches. Thus, enterprises are increasingly deviating from the traditionally absolute priority of maximizing total return for shareholders. While this priority is still important, businesses are also looking at the total societal impact (TSI), which represents a collection of measures and assessments that incorporate the economic, social and environmental impacts of their products and services [1]. This paper focuses on the compound influence that TSI may have within the energy domain. In particular, the business opportunities resulting from the Horizon 2020 funded project INVADE are being discussed but seen from the perspective of a socially responsible corporate strategy. Referring to discussions, analyses and undertaken initiatives this paper concludes that business models which incorporate environmentally friendly, local and social and fair energy are capable of accelerating business growth for the concerned companies.


Background: Aging is a process that is often accompanied by physiological changes. These physiological changes include slowing in muscle contractility, alteration in muscles metabolism and neuromuscular junction and reduction in nerve conduction velocity. Age has been widely accepted to have an influence on nerve velocity. There is loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Potentially well documented effect on the function and electrophysiological properties of peripheral nerves. The most common age-related degenerative alteration is an accumulation of dark cytoplasm in pocket that is produced by splitting of the major dense line. Another but less common myelin alteration associated with aging is the formation of myelin balloons. The conduction velocities begin to decline after 30-40 years of age but the values normally change by less than 10m/s at 6th or even in 8th decade. Materials and Methods: Total 80 healthy subjects between age of 30-79 years were included in the study. They were divided into five different age groups. Subjects were excluded if they suffered from diabetes mellitus or any neurological disorders that affect nerve. The median was asses. The site of stimulation for the median motor was the wrist and elbow. The recording site for the median motor was at the abductor pollicisbrevis muscle and For the sensory conduction test of median, the site of stimulation was at the wrist. The recording was done at the index finger. A ground electrode was placed in between the stimulating and recording electrodes. The conduction distance was estimated with a flexible measuring tape. Results: The result shows statistically significant decrease in nerve conduction velocities of median with increasing age, after analyzing the data by SPSS version 20. The study shows decline in sensory nerve conduction velocity of median SNC (0.37m/s/year)& were more than motor nerve conduction velocity of median (0.25m/s/year). Conclusion: There appears to be a significant decline in the motor and sensory conduction velocity of median with increasing age in the adult. This finding could be utilized in confirming the diagnosis of peripheral nerve diseases with clinical correlation.


In this paper, a pricing problem of European call options is considered, wbete the underlying stock generates dividends d, at some fixed future dates T, before the expiration date T .without the inappropriate assumption made in that the dlvkdeMs being payed continously.The arbitrage free pricing of the option is determined via a series of partial differential equations.which is derived at the view point of backward s'tochasric differential ertuation (BBDE). It isshowed how the dividends affect the fair price of the call options. Some simulating results are alsogiven to illust rate the respective in fluence of parameters a.T.r,K.di and F1 on the option pricing.


It is one of ways to reconstruct the old concrete pavement by paving asphalt pavement on the cracking and seating concrete slab.This paper uses the 3-D finite element method to analyze the relationships of cracking size with load stress,thermal stress,coupling stress in asphalt overlay and pressure stress on base.On the basis of the achievements of theoretic analysis and testing section,it is found that the reasonable cracking size of old concrete pavement is 80~100cm.2 tabs,8 figs,6 refs.


The present invention relates to a device for recognizing earphones. The present invention includes a detection terminal for sensing the insertion of an earjack plug; and a comparator which compares the size of a voltage inputted from the detection terminal to a preset reference voltage and provides a corresponding compared input signal to a baseband module. Resistance having a constant resistance value is interposed between the detection terminals for continuously maintaining high signals not to fall below a set reference voltage even when foreign substances enter into an earjack and cause current flow, thereby preventing malfunction of an electronic device and improving the reliability.


This paper briefly introduces dielectric loss measuring methods and discusses their shortcomings. The correlation function algorithm used in calculating tan δ of capacitive device is studied. Modified algorithm based on parabolic interpolation is presented. The original and the improved algorithm are compared and their differences are analyzed. The analyzing results are proved by simulation. Finally, proposals are given to improve calculation accuracy.


This study was conducted on May 2016 at Nongsa Beach in Batam City, Riau Islands Province. The purpose of study was to analise the potential of tourism in Nongsa Beach as a marine tourism. The method used in this study is a survey method. The result of the study show that Nongsa Beach has a high potential to serve as a national and International marine ecotourism. This was based on the aspects of chemical physics parameters oceanography, geology and geomorphology, climate coastal ecosystems, historical value, and overview from tour players, and the values of Pengukuran Willingness to Accept (WTA) dan Willlingness to Pay (WTP). The concept of ecotourism can be applied to develop marine tourism in the island based on the analysis of strategy of Strengths – Opportunity (SO), Strategi Weakness - Opportunity (WO), Strategi Strengths – Threats (ST), Strategi Weakness – Threats (WT).


Macropterous Chorthippus parallelus are well flying insects. Takeoff is restricted to non-rainy days with temperatures more than 25°C and wind speeds not more than 2 m/sec. Takeoff is performed only between 9.30 a.m. and 5.00 p.m. CEST. Three different takeoff-techniques are carried out: direct ascending downwind, continuous circling ascent and ± stationary ascending upwind. The observations in ascent and takeoff correspond to the same behaviour in other taxa of Acrididae.


Objective To study CT and low field MRI findings of the hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD).Method CT and low field MRI data of 5 cases were summarized and analyzed with literatures.5 cases were performed with CT phase iii enhancement,and 2 cases were performed with low field MRI.2 cases confirmed by biopsy.Results In 5 cases,CT scanning showed liver volume increasing and liver parenchyma density decreasing homogeneously or inhomogeneously,and the enhancement scanning showed map-shaped enhancement,especially in portal phase.Low field MRI showed multiple and floccular slightly high intensity signal in T2WI.Edema belt with high signal intensity were showed in the peripheral portal vein,especially in heavy T2WI.Hepatic veins and the hepatic segment of inferior vena cava were showed thinner,and the hepatic vein could not be showed clearly.Conclusion The characteristics of hepatic veno-occlusive disease are CT enhancement,especially map-shaped enhancement in portal phase.Low field MRI showed multiple and floccular slightly high intensity signal in T2WI,especially in heavy T2WI.Edema belt with high signal intensity were showed in the peripheral portal vein.These provinces could highly suggest the diagnosis combined with medical history.


The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential usefulness of the combination of gadolinium and dysprosium to enhance the difference between normal and necrotic liver tissue. Small regions of acute necrosis were induced by injecting 200–300 μl of 95% alcohol into the liver of 26 rats. MRI was performed 24 hours after necrosis induction, before and immediately after injection of one or both contrast agents. Using a mixed T1/T2‐weighted sequence, the signal intensity (SI) of the normal liver was reduced by 70%, whereas the necrotic regions had more than a 50% increase in SI after double contrast. The region that was enhanced corresponded largely with the region of necrosis as observed postmortem. The lesion size, when identified, was largely underestimated using either of the agents alone, albeit using the common pulse sequences. The double contrast effect of simultaneous administration of gadolinium and dysprosium allows accurate delineation of liver necrosis.


This study applies data envelopment analysis to evaluate the financial efficiency of a sample of 63 top US pharmaceutical advertisers, based on their sales and media advertising expenditures in 11 key media outlets (i.e. network TV, cable TV, syndicated TV, spot TV, magazines, Sunday magazines, national newspapers, newspapers, network radio, national spot radio, and outdoor). The analyses reveal that, on average, 35% of a pharmaceutical advertising budget is wasted, the largest portion of which is on network TV. In addition, the results of tobit regression indicate that magazines and Sunday magazines significantly contribute to the advertising inefficiency.


PURPOSE: A precision mask for depositing a hole transport layer and an emission layer, a fabricating method thereof, an electro-luminescence display, a fabricating method thereof, and an electronic apparatus are provided to form an accurate deposition pattern by aligning correctly a mask substrate and a glass substrate. CONSTITUTION: A precision mask includes a first brace and a second brace. The first brace(3) is arranged in parallel in a predetermined interval and is used for forming a plurality of first openings(2). The second brace(5) is arranged on the first brace and intersects with the first brace. The second brace is used for forming a plurality of second openings(4). The second brace is joined to the first brace at an intersection point between the first and the second braces. The first and the second braces are formed with one body on a mask substrate.


A circuit is presented including a key generating Section. The key generating Section generates a plurality of indi vidual keys based on a main key. A decryption generating Section is connected to the key generating Section and a main decryption Section. The decryption generating Section gen erates a plurality of individual decryption processes based on the main decryption Section and the plurality of indi vidual keys. Also included is a main encryption Section. The main encryption Section uses the main key to encrypt content. Additionally, a method is presented that generates a plurality of individual keys based on a main key. The method also generates a plurality of individual decryption processes based on a main decryption process and the plurality of individual keys. Content is encrypted based on an encryp tion proceSS and the main key.


A linear feed unit accelerated degradation test methods. Using the precision stage laser interferometer detects the accelerator operation, the table comprising an axial, radial, vertical, radial and angular error in three directions, perpendicular, linear error in both directions by the linear scale and circle scale data table or the measured axial positioning error of the ball screw, in order to study the accuracy of the ball screw and linear guides and the influence on the degradation of the stiffness of the overall performance degradation stage. Simulation test bench feeding unit the actual condition, research linear guides and ball screw table impact on the overall performance after wear and degradation preload. High load test of the three cylinder carrying direction of the table increase accelerated deterioration test. Three directions of the cylinder is controlled by a pneumatic control system. Bench considering various sensors monitoring parameters, mathematical modeling and analysis may be performed on the stage accuracy degradation and stiffness degradation.


The accuracy of acoustic measurement locations usually demands a correct geometrical description of the studied auditorium. Likewise, for numeric simulations the geometry of the modelled room needs to be available in appropriate detail. Relying on existing architectural drawings of the room is sometimes misleading due to inaccuracies and modifications made to the hall. In this context, photogrammetry can be a useful tool for 3D modelling based on the real scenario. Photogrammetry is a 3D modelling method based on optical information which generates a spatial mesh through triangulation. This technique can provide a user-friendly and suitable way to obtain spatial information of an existing auditorium. Based on this model, it seems obvious to use the spatial information that acoustic applications demand. Nevertheless, despite automation of the process, some challenges remain that may make it difficult to use photogrammetry as a suitable tool for acoustic purposes. The accuracy of the generated mesh and the level of detail may be low if photographic information in certain areas is sparse. These potential shortcomings must be addressed to support acoustic measurements and derive geometries for simulation. We will discuss some of the challenges users must handle to generate models suitable for acoustic applications.


If love is the greatest reality, and I believe it is, the gentle are more real than the violent or than those like me who hate violence, long for gentleness, but never in our own act achieve true gentleness. We fall in love with people we consider gentle, we love them violently for their gentleness, so violently we drive them to violence, for our gentleness is less real than their breaking patience, so falsely we accuse them of being false.


In this paper we consider undirected graphs with no loops and multiple edges, consisting of k connected components. In these cases, it is well known that one can find a numbering of the vertices such that the adjacency matrix A is block diagonal with k blocks. This also holds for the (unnormalized) Laplacian matrix L= D-A, with D a diagonal matrix with the degrees of the nodes. In this paper we propose to use the Reverse Cuthill-McKee (RCM) algorithm to obtain a block diagonal form of L that reveals the number of connected components of the graph. We present some theoretical results about the irreducibility of the Laplacian matrix ordered by the RCM algorithm. As a practical application we present a very efficient method to detect connected components with a computational cost of O(m+n), being m the number of edges and n the number of nodes. The RCM method is implemented in some comercial packages like MATLAB and Mathematica. We make the computations by using the function symrcm of MATLAB. Some numerical results are shown


Thu, 11 Oct 2018 19:24:00 GMT hand block printing pdf the carver. Each block has a wooden handle and two to three cylindrical holes drilled into the block for free air passage and also to allow release of excess printing paste. The new blocks are soaked in oil for 1015 days to soften the grains in the timber.-These blocks sometimes have metal over the wood. Mon, 15 Oct 2018 12:45:00 GMT Block Printing Craft Mark Hand block printing is a centuries old Indian art form that utilizes a hand carved teak wood block that is dipped in colour and stamped by hand onto cotton or silk. The design for the block is usually a traditional Indian motif. Mon, 15 Oct 2018 22:54:00 GMT HAND BLOCK PRINTING NCDPD Different Techniques of Hand Block printing 1) Discharge Printing Firstly the fabric on which printing is to be done is dyed. One of the most popular form of hand printing is . blue and red. . . The colors commonly used for printing are saffron. at this stage the dye penetrates through the cracks which create wavy effect of colors on the cloth. Sun, 23 Sep 2018 09:01:00 GMT the-art-of-hand-block-printi ng.pdf | Textiles | Dye Scribd Discharge print effect Direct block printing: The fabric is first bleached and then dyed with desired colour. After that the hand block printing is done with carved wooden blocks in borders and in the inside of the fabric. Thu, 18 Oct 2018 08:31:00 GMT Page No 0 Textiles Committee Block printing is the process of using an object to make an inked impression upon a plain surface. It is one of the oldest and most enjoyable of all the crafts and has given color and pattern to paper, cloth, and other surfaces for nearly 4,000 years. Today the process is essentially the same. As it is simple and inexpensive, it is ideal for the beginner. Tue, 02 Oct 2018 22:26:00 GMT Arts and Communication BLOCK PRINTING hand block and screen printing of silk For over 150 years there was a print works on the site where David Evans & Co Ltd at Crayford used to be before it closed in the 1990s. Sat, 15 Sep 2018 07:02:00 GMT 37. Hand Block and Screen Printing of Silk Crayford History hand block printing resist dyeing Download hand block printing resist dyeing or read online books in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl, and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online button to get hand block printing resist dyeing book now. This site is like a library, Use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Wed, 10 Oct 2018 21:41:00 GMT hand block printing resist dyeing | Download eBook pdf ... Hand Block Printing Hand block printing is a centuries old Indian art form that utilizes a hand carved teak wood block that is dipped in dye and stamped by hand onto cotton or silk. The design for the block is usually a traditional Indian motif. Wed, 17 Oct 2018 07:42:00 GMT Hand Block Printing Passion Lilie Hand painting and block printing on textiles are reported to have been practised in India for thousands of years. Hand painting involves directly drawing an image using colour. Tue, 16 Oct 2018 20:29:00 GMT 11. PRINTING AND FINISHING OF T On the other hand, however, the perrotine can only be applied to the production of patterns containing not more than three colours nor exceeding five inches in vertical repeat, whereas hand block printing can cope with patterns of almost any scale and continuing any number of colours. Thu, 11 Oct 2018 05:12:00 GMT Perrotine printing Wikipedia design & technical development workshop in hand block printing craft at varanasi sl.no. name of the artisan father / husband`s name gender m/f address 1 rekha devi vijay verma female b34/4 sarai nandan varanasi a/f 2 sarita devi gopal ji female n14/241a-4-1 sarai nandan Sat, 20 Oct 2018 17:19:00 GMT DESIGN & TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP IN HAND BLOCK ... Hand block


The relevance is determined by insufficient development of didactic means to raise the information competence level. The information competence have been identified: to determine missing information; to identify alternatives in the problem statement; to search for information needed to solve the problem; to complete the problem statement definition with data, to organize the data found (construction of a problem model); to detect a contradiction (information processing). The materials of the article can be of value to school teachers. key words problem with missing data, problem with redundant data, ill-posed problem, information competence, competency-based approach, problem with discrepant data in the statement RESUMEN: La relevancia está determinada por el desarrollo insuficiente de los medios didácticos para elevar el nivel de competencia de la información. La competencia de información ha sido identificada: para determinar la información faltante; para identificar alternativas en la declaración del problema; para buscar la información necesaria para resolver el problema; para completar la definición del enunciado del problema con datos, para organizar los datos encontrados (construcción de un modelo del problema); para detectar una contradicción (procesamiento de la información). Los materiales del artículo pueden ser valiosos para los maestros de escuela. Palabras clave: problema con la falta de datos, problema con los datos redundantes, problema mal planteado, competencia de la información, enfoque basado en la competencia, problema con los datos discrepantes en la declaración


Photographic image. Black and white. Woman in light colored dress and headdress with full-length veil standing next to man in dark suit with ribbon. Identified as Gottlieb and Lydia (Graf) Kranzler. Photographer is John Reiman, Kulm, North Dakota. Circa 1895. Image courtesy of Ludwig and Christina Graf Buck Collection, GRHC.


This paper explains the technique of remotely controlling the door using an internet connection and a relay of messages through this connection to communicate between the owner and the system at the door. This door unlocking system aims at creating a more secure and a safe way to provide access to visitors authorized by the owner of the house into their homes. The system at the door can be controlled by any type of small single board computers. IoT is new technology which is growing fast and has many applications. The main purpose of our project is to incorporate IoT in door locking mechanism.


AUTHOR Dunn, James A. -TITLE The AIR Career Education Curriculum Development Project. INSTITUTION AmeriCan Institutes for Research in the Thavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, Calif. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. REPORT NO AIR-33900 PUB DATE 4 Dec 72 NOTE 23p.; Presentation at the USOE BAVTE Curriculum Center for Occupational and Adult Education Conference (Chicago, Ill., Dec. 4, 1972)


For the convection-diiusion equation in two dimensions we derive the cell orientated discretization which is based on the method of lines leading to diierential-algebraic equations and their time integration by implicit methods. This approach is well-suited in convection-dominated cases. The eeciency of the method depends on the solution of the arising linear systems mainly. Motivated by the deeniteness properties of these unsymmetric systems we choose a multigrid method with problem adapted transfer operators. The interpretation of the cell orientated discretization in a nite-volume or a Petrov-Galerkin context leads to diierent deenitions of restriction and prolonga-tion. In combination with smoothers which are exact solvers in the convection case (Gauss-Seidel, ILU) we achieve a robust multigrid iteration. Finally we present numerical results concerning the quality of the transfer operators as well as the various smoothing iterations. The independance of the convergence rate from the gridsize and the behaviour of various time integration schemes are also examined.


Research into public cultural performances may help us perceive theatre and theatrical aspects in a wider socio-political context. Communist celebrations in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s – namely the 1st of May – may serve as a proper example to show one of the specific methodological approaches in theatre research. The author focuses on the individual theatrical aspects of these cultural performances while using interdisciplinary methods: sociology and social anthropology (mainly tools introduced by Jeffrey Alexander). The festivities in question were of high importance after 1948 and helped to strengthen the power of the state as well as the legitimacy of the totalitarian regime. Boris Groys perceives the period of Stalinism in the USSR as a synthetic work of art; the first period of Communist Party rule in Czechoslovakia after 1948 can be also viewed as such.


Objective:As Wallis fixed system treatment using simple prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.Methods:Using posterior window decompression nucleus pulposus excision plus Wallis system with fixed treatment prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc efficacy compared to pure observation window nucleus pulposus in control group, who were to 24 months of follow-up, the two groups as watchpoints period rating of RIS height difference and evaluation system, observing Wallis fixed therapeutic effect.Results: 21 cases, Wallis group to 24 months follow-up, standard assessment: optimal 16 cases, 3 cases, generally, 1 case with 1, 21 cases of control group standard assessment: optimal in 5 cases, good in 2 cases, generally 12 cases, poor in 2 cases. After comparison between two groups was statistically significant rate (P0.01). MRI is seen adjacent segment disc degeneration, but the two groups of height difference compared with statistical significance (P0.01).Conclusion:Pure prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc patients found after excision nucleus pulposus Wallis system can improve the treatment effect of elastic fixed.


Our experiments show that, besides the good tunability, resonant dispersive waves have very good frequency stabilities against to laser power and pulse duration. These results confirm the feasibility to be applied for f-to-2f measurement.