The fuel cell for a submarine is a closed system and therefore the unreacted hydrogen and oxygen are supposed to be recycled and reused. Generally, the compressors, the blowers, the pumps and the ejectors have been used as the recirculation equipment of a fuel cell system. In case of the vehicle application, the ejector which does not require any parasitic power is good for the performance of the fuel cell system. The ejector has been applied to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) from now on. In case of SOFC, the ejector is designed to maintain the pressure required in fuel cell by compensating the pressure drop in the anode channel. However, the existing research works do not consider about the humidified hydrogen and oxygen which is occurred by electrochemical reaction at proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Unlike dry air, the humidified hydrogen and oxygen shows very complex behaviours in suction chamber and constant-area section. In this study, the ejector for the PEMFC used to the submarine is designed taking into account the property of the gas mixed with vaporized water and hydrogen/oxygen. Consequently, the designed ejector shows the optimal performance within the predefined operating conditions at the PEMFC for a submarine.


Biomass was the major source of energy until the utilization of fossil energy. Its availability is strongly linked to the rise, prosperity and fall of former civilizations. Biomass from forests became scarce in many countries as the industry developed, leading to increasing transport distances from biomass sources and vast deforested patches of land along streams. There is good evidence from the past that unsustainable biomass extraction and consequent soil degradation had significant impact on soil properties in specific cases. In Central Europe, large quantities of forest biomass were not only used as timber, fuel and raw materials for trade but were also used in agriculture. Litter raking and pollarding were common practices until the mid of the last century. More plant nutrients were extracted from forest ecosystems to sustain the human population by setting up forest pastures and harvesting of edible parts of plants as fodder utilization. Starting from the Bronze Age, mining and proto-industrialization had a significant impact on forest ecosystems mainly because of the rising demand on fuelwood, charcoal and woodash. Such historical practices led to significant base-cation loss in many forest ecosystems and subsequently to soil acidification and reduced growth. Consequences of such practices should be kept in mind when evaluating the impact of harvesting residues management (utilization of slash) which is currently discussed as a measure to lessen dependency on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.


In this paper, we design and analyze strategies to replicate the execution of an application on two different platforms subject to failures, using checkpointing on a shared stable storage. We derive the optimal pattern size~$W$ for a periodic checkpointing strategy where both platforms concurrently try and execute $W$ units of work before checkpointing. The first platform that completes its pattern takes a checkpoint, and the other platform interrupts its execution to synchronize from that checkpoint.
 We compare this strategy to a simpler on-failure checkpointing strategy, where a checkpoint is taken by one platform only whenever the other platform encounters a failure. We use first or second-order approximations to compute overheads and optimal pattern sizes, and show through extensive simulations that these models are very accurate. The simulations show the usefulness of a secondary platform to reduce execution time, even when the platforms have relatively different speeds: in average, over a wide range of scenarios, the overhead is reduced by $30\%$. The simulations also demonstrate that the periodic checkpointing strategy is globally more efficient, unless platform speeds are quite close.


The commemorating narrative of South African nationhood tells the story of the national liberation struggle against apartheid and the transition to freedom and democracy. It places the present ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), at its heart as leader of the struggle and bringer of freedom. However, the cracks and contradictions in this national story are increasingly evident, as poverty, injustice and inequality deepen. This article draws on a case study of former anti-apartheid struggle comrades who continue to experience poverty and oppression. Their social exclusion is expressed though the contested ways in which they give meaning to past struggles in relation to the dominant national narrative. In the current context of widespread unemployment, they face a memory paradox. Conflicting desires underpin the way in which they give meaning to their experiences as they attempt to gain access to military pensions, which, however, assume a version of the past that endorses the national liberation narrative. They also contest some of the underlying assumptions of this narrative and the politics it implies.


The heat exchange characteristics of cryogenic nitrogen with ambient air are analytically investigated in a finned-tube type of exchanger for cryogenic automotive propulsion. Because of the large temperature difference between two fluids, a huge amount of frost may be formed on the air-side of the tube wall and play a significant role in the heat exchange performance. For a triple-pass heat exchanger, the thickness of the frost along the tube wall is evaluated in a steady-state, including the convective heat transfer coefficients, the efficiency of the radial fins, and the real thermophysical properties of supercritical nitrogen. The degradation of heat exchange due to the frost is quantitatively discussed and the frost-free conditions are presented.


Background: There is evidence to suggest that Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, changes the metabolism of neurotransmitters especially dopamine and causes neurological and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand catecholaminergic dysregulation, especially norepinephrine and dopamine have been proposed in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in children and adolescents with ADHD and compare it with healthy individuals. Materials and methods: A total of 117 outpatient children and adolescents with ADHD and 83 healthy children and adolescents participated in the study. They were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiantibodies by ELISA. Parent ADHD Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression-severity Scale (CGI-S) also completed. Data were analysed using Chisquare test and Fisher exact test. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 18.1% of patients with ADHD disorder and 24.09 % of healthy individuals. There was no significant difference in seropositivity between two groups (P> 0.05). The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in the three subgroups was 0%, 21.42%, and 16.9%, respectively. The differences in infection rate among the subgroups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study does not support the contamination with toxoplasma gondii as a risk factor for ADHD.


This paper discusses the money demand function in China. We use Cointegration technique and Error Correction Model to estimate the long-run and short -run money demand function. We find that M2 aggregate appears to be cointegrated with price level and income. We also specified a satisfying error correction model for M2.


Introduction When assessing recent changes in modern cataract and intraocular implant (IOL) surgery, arguably, the single most pressing challenge facing today's phacoemulsification (phaco) surgeon is the need to achieve predictable and accurate refractive outcomes. Surgeons and patients alike have come to largely measure the success of their surgery by the refractive outcome, and one of the leading causes for litigation in this field is the ―refractive surprise.‖ In addition, refractive lens exchange has become an important component of the refractive surgeon's armamentarium. As such, the fields of cataract and refractive surgery have merged to form an amalgam without distinct borders. Improved refractive results have come about by way of improvements in both surgical technique as well as advances in technology. Spherical results, for example, have become more predictable because of increased attention to biometry technique, as well as breakthrough technology such as partial coherence interferometry. No less important is the astigmatic component of the refractive equation. At one time during the evolution of small incision surgery, it was the surgeon's goal to not induce astigmatism. Today, in order to fully embrace the concept of ―refractive cataract surgery,‖ one must be able to address and reduce significant preexisting cylinder. Patient Selection and Considerations Estimates of the incidence of significant, naturally occurring astigmatism vary widely from 7.5% to 75%. It has been reported that 3% to 15% of eyes may have 2 or more diopters 2 (D) of astigmatism. In our clinical experience, 10% of patients presenting for surgery have greater than 2.0 diopters, 20% have between 1-2 diopters, and 70% have less than one diopter of preexisting cylinder. In light of recent experience gained in the field of refractive surgery, many surgeons would agree that astigmatism of greater than 0.5 D will lead to symptoms of ghosting and shadows. Although the older cataract patient may be more tolerant of cylinder, the ambitious refractive cataract surgeon should likely approach an implant patient with the same high goals that he or she might with a younger keratorefractive candidate. Indeed, successful cataract practices are now aiming for both spherical and astigmatic outcomes of +/ – 0.5 D. When considering astigmatism correction, one must take into account the location of the cylinder, age of the patient, and status of the fellow eye. Since most patients will drift againstthe-rule (ATR) over their lifetime—for example, toward plus cylinder at 180 degrees— some surgeons advocate a less aggressive approach to the reduction of with-the-rule (WTR) cylinder. Authors have also suggested that residual WTR astigmatism may favor better uncorrected distance acuity given that most visual stimuli are of a vertical nature. Similarly, it has been contended that ATR cylinder may improve uncorrected near vision. The tenet that residual (myopic) WTR astigmatism is a desirable goal in order to enlarge the conoid of Sturm and hence optimize depth perception has, however, recently been called into question. Currently, with recent refinements in surgical technique, a spherical goal may be most desirable for the majority of patients undergoing implant surgery. Treatment Options The first decision faced by the surgeon is whether to address preexisting astigmatism at the time of cataract and IOL surgery, or to defer and treat the cylinder separately. One could reasonably argue that for optimal accuracy, sufficient time for wound healing should be allotted and a stable refraction ought to be documented prior to astigmatic correction. This consideration had been more germane with the use of rigid implants and larger incisions. Currently, most


Introducing a feature on French cinema in the August 2005 issue of Sight and Sound, Nick James was eager to reinforce its credentials as an innovative and challenging counterpoint to American cinema: 'French films have long been the gold standard for art cinema in the UK. Without a regular flow of distinctive work from France there would be little sense of an alternative cinema to Hollywood'. While there is little doubt that films from across the Channel from here in Great Britain have exerted a profound influence on the development of film art throughout the ages a sample of Renoir, Vigo, Godard, Truffaut or Chabrol reveals that, at the very least it is nevertheless hard to shake the suffocating cliché that presents France as the sole meaningful challenger to the hegemony of North American populism; or, in fact, that sees Hollywood film only as the Wal-Mart of the cinematic world. It is, indeed, the raison d'etre of this journal to address the narrow perception of European cinema as art-house and, by inference, suggest that 'Hollywood' is not a holistic term meaning something approximating in some critic's mind to 'expensive filmic trailer trash'. And yet, it is difficult not to be reminded of the words of film-maker Maya Deren, writing in New Directions in 1946. Deren writes:


BILOTTE, M. and ARAGONES, E. Gaston Astre and the geology of the Cadi - Pedraforca area. History of an unpublished cartography compiled between 1922 and 1927? Like other historic institutions, the Laboratory of Geology of Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse, France) keeps in its archives and collections several original and unknown documents which may have some interest for the history of scientific knowledge and its evolution. For this reason we present here a geological map of the Cadi-Pedraforca area (Catalonia), compiled by Gaston Astre between 1922 and 1927 and recently found in that Laboratory. His author was the first to recognize the existence of thrust fault tectonics in this area of southern Pyrenees.


Diesel oil is Brazil's most important petroleum-derived and correspond to the major part of the global full market. Diesel's quality is related to the combustion emissions composition and must answer the parameters set by the industry. Alternative fuels from renewable and cleaner sources to minimize damages and additives to improve the quality of the diesel oil itself are being developed. In this research line, this study aimed to develop technology through the use of biomass to the formulation of cetane improver additives. The majority of fusel oil majority alcohols, crude glycerin and alcohols from cellulose and hemicelluloses were used for the synthesis of nitrates. Six nitrates were prepared with excellent yields. Then they were tested as cetane improvers with great results improving the cetane number up to ten units.


7 The Sport and Exercise Scientist n Issue 53 n Autumn 2017 n www.bases.org.uk @basesUK /BASESUK bases_uk BASESUK The Sport and Exercise Scientist n Issue 53 n Autumn 2017 n www.bases.org.uk @basesUK /BASESUK bases_uk BASESUK possible during exercise. Phase change garments such as 'ice vests' may inhibit some evaporative heat-loss because skin contact is required for conductive heat-transfer and may be more appropriate when evaporative heat-loss is restricted, e.g. protective clothing. The effectiveness of ventilated vests is affected by the air ventilating the vest and is reduced with hotter and more humid air.


Many of the current techniques and systems that deal with speaker identity do not regard detailed prosody as a crucial source of speaker-dependent information. The reasoning behind this relates to the common assumption that the F0 level and the spectral data carry all or almost all of the speaker-dependent information. But is this assumption really valid? We have investigated the importance of prosodic information in the perception of speaker identity by conducting a test where the listeners tried to identify people they know after hearing only delexicalized pure prosody signals. The findings presented in this paper show that even a very rough prosodic representation consisting only of a single sinusoid can contain information on speaker identity, giving motivation for the development and wider usage of techniques that better exploit the prosodic aspects.


The Bani Amrini is one of the psychiatric home cares in Bangkalan Regency. In its operational activities as a rehabilitation location for patients with mental disorder (ODGJ), this psychiatric home care only uses religious therapy methods (psychoreligious). Even though there are also other methods that can also be used, such as handycraft therapy for ODGJ. The ignorance of the caretakers of the psychiatric home care about handycraft therapy made the Trunojoyo Madura University Community Service Team move to help provide training on making simple handicrafts for ODGJ at the Bani Amrini Mental Institution. The training was carried out with the practical method. This training has proven to be an alternative solution to filling in the free time of ODGJ so that cognitively, affectively and psychomotorically function properly and do not often daydream which causes relapses.


Background:Research shows that interdisciplinary collaboration is difficult. Public health work spansmany sectors and demands collaboration among different professionsand sectors.Purpose:This study aimed to gain greater insight into the impact of roles and professional backgrounds on communication in the collaborative process of public health.Method:This study used a triangulation strategy involving document analysis, three observations and 12 semi-structured interviews. A phenomenographic approach was used to analyze the interviews.Result: Document analysis enhanced understanding of the composition of the teams observedin this study. The observations allowed for analysis of verbal communication as wellas meta-communication, and the interviews offeredinsight into communication both as an entiretyandinits complexities. Interviewanalysis produced four main categories:representationof professionals and sectors, participants who collaborate in teams, the individual and the human in collaboration,and the meaning of the whole. Analysis showed that professional background plays a significantrole incommunication and collaboration (i.e.aperson is characterized by his/her profession). Differences in competence and breadth ofrepresentation contribute to richer discussion and a wider ground forsolutions. Many of the factors that emerged were otherwise independent ofprofession and related instead to individual characteristics.The ability to see beyond one`sown profession and understand the importance of other professional groups is essential.Conclusion: The study shows functionality of interprofessional collaboration and communication,it's revealingthe meaning of confidentprofessionals who areable to see the big pictureand reflect upon its meaning. The findings point to various factors that are important for roles and communication such astrust, respect, dignity, learning and openness. Roles and their interpretation are important incommunication. Professional background derivesmeaningnot only through the individual participant andhis/herrole, but also through his/her properties, personality and perspectives. Public health is an area no one owns but everyone takes part in and has responsibility fo


The main concerns with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients include limited tumor response and profound mucosal or skin toxicities under severe immunocompromised status.


This work analyses one of the debates concerning the Spanish-American independences, that one around the philosophical influences of them, especially, of the populist doctrines of sovereignty (Francisco Suárez's, particularly). Therefore, we seek the work of Manuel Giménez Fernandez's, the first who postulated the above mentioned thesis; then we analyses the texts that studied the independence processes, and asked about the influences, as well as other works that inside the same record, did emphasis in the theoretical discussion of the doctrines. Finally, we check the current historiography, which seeks into the political cultures and the social imaginaries, instead of the debate around illustrated or scholastic influences.


ALICE JARDINE'S 1985 study Gynesis traces the explosive "putting-intodiscourse" of woman and her textual effects in recent theoretical discourse, particularly in the work of Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, and Gilles Deleuze. Jardine names this process "gynesis" and suggests that the privileging of Woman in these exemplary texts of modernity represents a "logical" reaction to the deconstruction of phallic authority and privilege. Man, once at the center of all systems of truth, has become decentered, and with him, all notions of paternal authority and mastery. According to Jardine, it is the "breakdown of the paternal metaphor" that leads male theorists to gynesis; in arguing that woman "as a new rhetorical space is inseparable from the most radical moments of most contemporary disciplines" (38), she establishes a causal link between a crisis in (masculine) subjectivity and the increased attention to all things "feminine" in contemporary critical discourses. Jardine argues that, "in the search for new kinds of legitimation, in the absence of Truth, in anxiety over the decline of paternal authority, and in the midst of spiraling diagnoses of Paranoia, the End of Man and History, 'woman' has been set in motion both rhetorically and ideologically" (36, my emphasis). While Jardine presents an impressive study of configurations of woman and modernity, her interest in gynesis as a rhetorical strategy tends to obscure the ideological stakes in this new theoretical orientation.' Admitting that these male philosophers often resort to traditional and recognizable metaphors of the feminine, Jardine nevertheless fails to question the "logic" buried in the move away from Man, and toward Woman--or, better, what that move puts into play in terms of a discursive economy of subject-object configurations. I highlight anxiety in her comment in order to suggest that the inscription of woman in modernity's texts can be read as a paranoid reaction which reproduces a certain castration scenario in relation to the death of the paternal metaphor. Here, I will focus on two Derridean texts as they intersect with the psychoanalytic problematics of castration and fetishism, Spurs and Glas.


We present results of a survey for giant Ly α nebulae (LABs) at z = 3 with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. We obtained Ly α imaging at z = 3 . 09 ± 0 . 03 around the SSA22 protocluster and in several blank fields. The total survey area is 2 . 1 square degrees, corresponding to a comoving volume of 1 . 6 × 10 6 Mpc 3 . Using a uniform detection threshold of 1 . 4 × 10 − 18 erg s − 1 cm − 2 arcsec − 2 for the Ly α images, we construct a sample of 14 LAB candidates with major-axis diameters larger than 100 kpc, including five previously known blobs and two known quasars. This survey triples the number of known LABs over 100 kpc. The giant LAB sample shows a possible "morphology-density relation": filamentary LABs reside in average density environments as derived from compact Ly α emitters, while circular LABs reside in both average density and overdense environments. Although it is hard to examine the formation mechanisms of LABs only from the Ly α morphologies, more filamentary LABs may relate to cold gas accretion from the surrounding inter-galactic medium (IGM) and more circular LABs may relate to large-scale gas outflows, which are driven by intense starbursts and/or by AGN activities. Our survey highlights the potential usefulness of giant LABs to investigate the interactions between galaxies and the surrounding IGM from the field to overdense environments at high-redshift.


Abstract : The stochastic optimal control problem considered in this report is characterized by a dynamic system which is linear in the state and control vectors, and which is disturbed by additive Gaussian white noise. Incomplete, noisy observations of the state vector are available, and the control is required to be a linear feedback function of the estimated state vector. The components of the state vector and control vector which are of interest are lumped together in a response vector, and the performance index to be minimized is then a function of the statistics of the response vector. It is shown that a well-known stochastic control problem, whose performance index is the expected value of a quadratic form on the state and control, is a special case of the more general problem described above. The general problem is then reformulated as a problem of minimizing a nonlinear functional on a set in a Hilbert space. In this formulation, the well-known 'quadratic' problem becomes one of minimizing a linear functional on the same set in the space. Conditions are derived under which the two problems are 'equivalent'; that is, the linear and nonlinear functionals which specify the problems take on their minimum value at the same point in the space. (Author)


Recent studies using chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry have shown that cultured and native endothelial cells release nitric oxide (NO). Pharmacological and biochemical evidence argue for and against the proposal that endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is identical with free NO. In an attempt to identify EDRF as free NO, a bioassay technique was combined with an NO trap (hemoglobin bound to agarose; Ag-Hb), and electron paramagnetic


San Francisco-Patients with a retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of 80 ?m or less are at high risk for developing future visual-field deterioration, said Gadi Wollstein, MD.


ABSTRACT Conventional droplet-based microfluidic systems require expensive, bulky external apparatuses, such as electric power supplies and pressure-driven pumps for fluid transportation. This study demonstrates an alternative way to produce emulsion droplets by autonomous fluid-handling based on the gas permeability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Furthermore, basic concepts of fluid-handling are expanded to control the direction of the microfluid in the microfluidic device. The alternative pumping energy resulting from the high gas permeability of PDMS is used to generate water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, which require no additional structures apart from microchannels. We can produce emulsion droplets by simple loading of the oil and aqueous solutions into the inlet reservoirs. During the operation of the microfluidic device, changes in droplet size, volumetric flow rate, and droplet generation frequency were quantitatively analyzed. As a result, we found that changes in the wetting properties of the microchannel greatly influence the volumetric flow rate and droplet generation frequency. This alternative microfluidic approach for preparing emulsion droplets in a simple and efficient manner is designed to improve the availability of emulsion droplets for point of care bioanalytical applications, in situ synthesis of materials, and on-site sample preparation tools. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION Somatic cell count is an accepted indicator of mastitis. However, measurements of cell count are subject to noise and outliers, which decrease their potential use in decision support. Statistical tools to separate noise from biologically relevant changes can help improving the interpretation of somatic cell count (SCC) data. The extension (Smith and West, 1983) of the multiprocess Kalmanfilter (Harrison and Stevens, 1976) to provide probabilities of different kinds of changes may be used in decision support for example an action of treatment should be taken if the probability of an increase in SCC is above a critical level. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce dynamic linear model and in particular multiprocess class II mixture models with the recursive updating procedure for providing probabilities of different kinds of changes.


Increased non-REM hypertonia (NRH) and decreased sleep spindle-durations were found to be independently associated with patients broadly characterized as presumed Parkinsonian-spectrum disorder [i.e., dementia with Lewy Bodies/Parkinson Disease Dementia (DLB/PDD), Parkinson Disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), or isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD)] when compared to subjects with Alzheimer Disease dementia (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC). In this investigation, the NRH and spindle-duration features were combined to determine whether these biomarkers could distinguish neurodegenerative disorder subtypes.

 This multicenter investigation included analysis of several neurodegenerative disorder patient subtypes including: DLB/PDD (n=16), PD (n=16), iRBD (n=19), PSP (n=13), AD (n=22), MCI (n=35), and NC (n=61). Sleep Profiler (SP) studies were conducted in all participants. NRH was auto-detected based on persistently elevated electromyographic (EMG) power relative to delta, theta, and sigma bands, while spindles were recognized by temporal excursions in alpha and sigma power > 250-milliseconds. With NRH >5% of sleep-time and spindle-duration <1-minute considered abnormal, tallies were compared across neurodegenerative disorder subtypes with Fisher Exact tests.

 Combined SP features of Normal-NRH/normal-SpD were greater in the NC (56%), AD (46%), and MCI (43%) subtypes versus PSP (8%) and DLB/PDD (6%), and when iRBD (21%) was compared to NC (all P<0.05). Abnormal-NRH/abnormal-SpD were more frequent in PSP (85%) and DLB/PDD (75%) subtypes versus iRBD (26%), PD (25%), MCI (11%), AD (9%), and NC (8%)(all P<0.02). Abnormal-NRH/normal-SpD were greater in iRBD (47%) compared to MCI (14%), NC (8%), PSP (8%), DLB/PDD (6%), and AD (5%) subtypes, and in PD (31%) versus NC (all P<0.05). Normal-NRH/abnormal-SpD occurred more often in AD (41%) than iRBD (5%) and PSP (0%)(both P<0.05).

 The combination of NRH and spindle-duration abnormality occurred more frequently in DLB/PDD and PSP subtypes. Abnormal NRH with normal sleep-duration was more frequent in iRBD and PD subtypes. Normal NRH and spindle-duration occurred most often in NC and MCI types. AD exhibited normal NRH with isolated cases of either normal or abnormal spindle-duration. Our preliminary findings suggest that auto-detected sleep biomarkers may aid in the characterization of neurodegenerative disorder subtypes. Larger prospective cohort studies are needed.

 NIA grants: R44AG050326, R44AG054256, P30AG62677 and R34AG56639.


The Torhalle ("Gate Hall") of Lorsch, also called K ing's Hall, is one of the best preserved examples of Karoling architecture in Germ any, dating back to 760 A.C. The hall is located on the first floor above an ent ra ce gate to a monastery and is believed to have been used as a church originally. It features valuable Romanic wall paintings. In the 1980ies thorough investigations w ere conducted on the building and its indoor environment which shows high relativ e humidity all year round. In 1991 a controlled ventilation system was introduced that promised to lower RH significantly. Already in 1992 it was turned off by a sceptical conservator. Now the building faces the same problems as before and new research is taking place, looking at collected climate data and past experien ce. The aim is to develop a new climatisation strategy for the Gatehall. For this p ur ose the whole building simulation tool WUFI Plus is applied, to assess the us of different HVAC systems for the specific building and location at Lorsch an d also to research the possible effects on indoor environmental fluctuations that m ight be harmful to the ancient wallpaintings. This research is part of the Europea n project Climate for Culture on the effects of climate change on cultural heritage.


After reform and opening-up,local colleges and universities in Hebei Province and the interaction of regional economic development has made enormous strides,but there are still many problems,this paper draw on the basis of successful experiences abroad,from governments,local universities and enterprises put forward different perspectives to solve the problem countermeasures and suggestions.


Mammalian dental hard tissues exhibit incremental markings that reflect the periodic variation of appositional growth rates. In order to use these markings to characterize dental growth processes and to infer life‐history traits, an unequivocal identification of their periodicities is required. We performed a fluorochrome labelling study on forming enamel and dentine in molar teeth of wild boar and domestic pigs to establish the periodicity and temporal correspondence of incremental markings in enamel and dentine. The dominant incremental markings in enamel (laminations) and dentine (von Ebner lines) recorded in the pig teeth are of a daily nature. In addition, long‐period incremental markings with a periodicity of 2 days were recorded in enamel (striae of Retzius) and dentine (Andresen lines). The 2‐day growth rhythm was also expressed at the lateral crown surface, as evidenced by the pattern of perikymata. In enamel, also markings with a sub‐daily periodicity, representing an ultradian growth rhythm, were observed. Our study provides experimental evidence for the periodicity of incremental markings in porcine enamel and dentine. The findings correct previous misconceptions on incremental markings in dental hard tissues of pigs and other ungulates that had led to erroneous conclusions regarding crown formation parameters.


A membrane filtration assembly including a membrane module (5) (10), wherein the membrane module, at least one being supported in the membrane module by a single header (7) one or more permeable hollow membranes (6) membrane filtration assembly has is disclosed. Filtrate collection chamber (18), together with the provided header (7), located in the lumen fluid communication with the membrane (6), and collecting filtrate withdrawn through the lumen of the membrane . Filtration chamber (11) is provided for receiving a feed solution to be applied to the surface of the module (5) of the membrane (6). Filtration chamber (11), together with the surrounding module (5), extends beyond the height of the module (5).


SB-MOSFETs were fabricated on SOI substrates by applying novel Schottky barrier height modulation technique of Er interlayer insertion at the interface of Ni/Si prior to Ni silicidation process. It was found that Er interlayer insertion lowered Schottky barrier height for electrons while no significant increase of the resistivity in the Er interlayer inserted films compare to pure Ni silicide films in the annealing temperature range of 500-750 C. Effects of Er insertion to the transistor characteristics of SOI SB-MOSFETs are also discussed.


The purpose of this study is to examine the trends of arson, characters and perception of arsonists, and criminological traits of arson. Arson is one of the most principle crime, because it brings on unexpected danger and damage to the life and property of people. But we have been unconcerned with arson as crime. The study was ferformed by using the following method; 1) examining the trends during current 14 years, appearing in the official statistics published by Supreme Public Procecutor's Office, 2) analyzing criminal statistics data collected by Supreme Public Procecutor's Office and the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs(MOGAHA), for comparing arson with other fire accidents, 3) analyzing the data of the individual depth interviews answered by 55 arsonists in 9 prisons. 〈Results〉 1) The occurrence of the arson is mainly motivated by the accident. Most of the arsons are not planned crime for profit, but unplanned crime brought by uncontrolled anger or drive. 2) The rate of the male arsonist is far higher than the rate of the female arsonist. Comparatively speaking, there are more female arsonists in the age of twenties and thirties. On the other hand, there are more male arsonists in the age of forties and fifties. 3) The majority of the arsonists are the under-educateds and economically lower classes, but there are scarcely the arsonists who are economically higher classes. 4) The rate the arsonists in the age of thirties is a small majority. After 1990, the rate the arsonists in the age of twenty grow less and less, the rate the arsonists in the age of forties is on the increase. 5) The rate of the first offenses is on the decrease. On the other hand, the rate of the arsonists with four and more previous convictions is on the increase. The majority of the the first offenses are female. 6) There are far more single-handed offenses than multy-handed offenses, but the many teenager-arsonists set fire as a party. 〈Suggestions〉 A counterplan to arsons is considered in context that the arsons are the crime of expression and violence. So the preventable counterplans to arsons are as following; 1) propagation about danger of arson 2) social education for rational communication and anger management 3) concerning to social-economic minorities and policy of social welfare 4) proper punishment on violent crime and concerning to person inclined to violence 5) drastic control of the inflammables.


Bio-deodorization system which was packed with biocoal as the main process was used to treat the odorous gas which was collected from a Ningbo petrochemical wastewater treatment plant.The results showed that washing and bio-deodorization system was operated under an biocoal residence time of more than 12 s,pH of influent controlled at about 7 and pH of effluent controlled at about 2.When the inflow gas concentration of H 2 S ranged from 24.5~122.5 mg/m3,the removing efficiency was more than 95.3%.When the inflow gas concentration of NH 3 ranged from 0.2~2.0 mg/m3,the removing efficiency was more than 50%,both met the emission criterion,moreover the system showed a good tolerance to the shocking loads of pollutants.


Problem: The purposes of the study were to investigate 9th and 11th grade high school students' epistemological beliefs and how these beliefs change with grade level and gender.
Method: The sample of the study included 356 high school students (9th 193 and 11th 163). Epistemological belief questionnaire was used.
Results: Two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze data. It was found that grade level had a significant effect on the justification, source/certainty and development of knowledge. Moreover, gender was found to have a significant effect in favor of female students with respect to the justification of knowledge.


The shape, size and position of the defect on the RL(radial and longitudinal) plane of the wood cannot be obtained by conventional wood cross-sectional imaging. To overcome such limitations, A novel imaging method for the internal defects on the RL Plane of the wood was proposed. The propagation velocity of the stress wave is converted into the value of the estimated point on the RL plane of wood and the two-dimensional imaging of the RL plane of wood is realized by using the velocity correction interpolation method. The proposed method and IDW method are quantitatively analyzed using the method of confusion matrix. The imaging results of 5 samples with defects of different shapes show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the defects of RL plane of wood can be reflected.


CAST is a Non Governmental Organisation that aims to improve the living conditions of the rural communities by building competencies and facilitating linkage with main stream resources, Government, Institutions and other services. This is achieved through a self-employment by building community-based organizations, motivation, skill training and linking the vulnerable people with main stream for sustainability. This study aims to probe the socio-economic empowerment of women who involved in various handicraft works in CAST both in production and marketing. A sample of fifty sample beneficiaries was taken for study from CAST. The data collected were analysed with the help of percentage analysis, reliability analysis paired sign test, correlation analysis and factor analysis. The result shows that the women find both social and economic empowerment by being entrepreneurs. The job gives them both livelihood and an outlet to be a dignified citizen of the society. Hence it is concluded that the job they hold gave a way to earn for a living in the form of income, help them to spend productively and cultivate a habit of saving the surplus. The CAST is served as a shelter and up lifter in the lives of women and grant them the opportunity to utilize their potentialities fruitfully to enlighten their lives.


Abstract : The thermal decomposition of nitrous oxide was studied in the temperature region from 1500K to 2200K. Shock tube techniques, employing the region behind the initial shock wave, were used. Because of the exothermic nature of the decomposition of nitrous oxide it was necessary to study mixtures of nitrous oxide in an excess of diluent. The results obtained with nitric oxide as a diluent indicate that the reaction is bimolecular. The rate constant derived from these experiments is in excellent agreement with the rate constant obtained by other investigators at lower temperatures. The data obtained with argon, oxygen, or air as diluents indicate that the decomposition is bimolecular at low concentrations and becomes monomolecular at higher concentrations. The activation energy was found to depend on concentration. The maximum activation energy occurs at the highest total concentration, about 0.00015 moles/cc, and was determined to be 56,000 cal/mole.


Organizations must be characterized by their adaptation to the environment in which they compete. We wish to identify, through this descriptive research, how the organization manages its human talent, in order to define improvement actions to enable it to perform a truly strategic role. When applying a questionnaire to 25 companies in Valle del Cauca, we discovered, among other findings, that the majority of companies have a formal strategic plan but not one for human management. The role of the human management area remains operational. There is not a culture of attracting and retaining top talent, and therefore, it is necessary for companies to adopt a more holistic view about how to manage talent.


The challenge to enhance staff development processes in a way that reflects a changing global learning environment and supports academic staff in their efforts to integrate the affordances of the rapidly changing learning technology opportunities into their learning environments is a common one for many of the institutions in higher education. This dissertation records a response to this challenge in the context of a higher education institution in Ireland.
In an attempt to understand how a selected cross-section of the academic staff of the institution were aware of the pedagogical underpinning required for the effective use of learning technologies, a grounded theory approach was used to interpret their individual and degree group responses to a guided interview process. Co-raters independently identified learning issues raised by the informants in the recorded data, and, reliability tests were performed on the results from the co-raters. Having identified the highest occurring learning issues from this phase of analysis these key issues were taken back to the informants for further discussion in focus groups aimed at clarifying their thinking regarding these issues.
Cluster Analysis was used at the next phase to inform how best to analyse the recordings of the focus groups. The application of grounded theory methods is set out in a way to provide transparency, seeking to respond to the, sometimes critical, comment made regarding the use of this methodology. The use of grounded theory methods enabled themes to be identified from the focus group data leading to a definition of theory that affirmed some existing theoretical positions and extended others by more specific identity of the role that academic management need to play in understanding, and planning for the integration of, the use of learning technologies by the academic staff for whom they have management responsibility.


Process for the racemate resolution of 2-hydroxypropionic acids by reacting the racemic acid with an optically active base and subsequent separation of a diastereomeric salt from acid and base, characterized in that is used as a basis optically active 1- (4 chlorophenyl) ethylamine.


Recent advances in embedded model predictive control (MPC) have paved the way for MPC technology in highspeed systems and resource-constrained applications. In this paper, we exploit analog circuit emulation of constrained Linear Quadratic (LQ) problem for rapid prototyping of MPC on fast reconfigurable analog processors such as Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA). The inherent massively parallel structure of the underling solution dynamics and the possibility of signal scaling through appropriate pre-conditioning mean that MPC can be reliably implemented using low-power ultrafast analog circuits. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated for a two-integrator MPC problem.


The study of (γ,n) reactions can be used to constrain the theoretical predictions of the neutron capture cross sections of short‐lived branching points in the s process. The usability of the activation technique to study these (γ,n) reactions is discussed as one example of an activation experiment in nuclear astrophysics. Two photon sources using bremsstrahlung and laser‐Compton backscattered photons where such experiments were carried out are compared.


This paper proposes a novel backoff algorithm to enhance the distributed coordination function (DCF) function in IEEE 802.11 based wireless networks. The proposed algorithm, known as pause count backoff (PCB) algorithm, observes the number of backoff counter pauses during the channel access contention and sets the appropriate contention window, based on the estimated results. We evaluate the performance of the proposed PCB algorithm using simulation tests and we compare its performance with other proposed IEEE 802.11 backoff algorithms (exponential increase exponential decrease (EIED), and adaptive enhanced distributed coordination function (AEDCF)). Our results demonstrate that PCB outperforms other backoff algorithms in various network conditions. Moreover, the fairness index and end-to-end delay of PCB are also much better than those obtained with other channel access algorithms.


Between the 23rd of January and the 3rd of May 2017 Oxford Archaeology East (OA East) undertook a 5.36ha excavation on land on either side of Hazelend Road, Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire (TL 49261 23156). The archaeological works revealed evidence for a Neolithic and Bronze Age landscape, along with a small amount of Anglo-Saxon settlement-related remains.
The earliest activity consisted of tree throws and a series of pits (both in groups and dispersed) containing assemblages of struck flint and Early Neolithic pottery. Several very substantial tree throws were also identified containing a midden-style basal fill which produced large quantities of flint, the largest single assemblage totalling 1,124 pieces. Notably, virtually no flintwork or pottery dating to the Late Neolithic period was found on the site.
The majority of the remains uncovered date from the Bronze Age period. The Early Bronze Age was represented by funerary remains in the form of a 'mini' barrow, urned and unurned cremations and an unusual small sub-rectangular enclosure with ancillary chamber which has been interpreted as some form of shrine or funerary/ceremonial structure. The remnant of a ditched field system was the main feature dating to the Middle Bronze Age, along with two enclosures. It is of interest that the ditches that form this field system appear to respect the Early Bronze Age shrine. Features dating to the Late Bronze Age dominated the site with enclosure ditches, unurned cremations, dispersed small pits, storage pits and posthole structures all being identified. Of particular note was a three-sided enclosure which contained close to 8kg of pottery.
Low-level Anglo-Saxon remains were also recorded on the lower slopes of the site and comprised a highly truncated sunken-feature building (SFB) containing Early-Middle Saxon pottery, fired clay and metalwork. Modern field boundary ditches and a small collection of pits were also identified across the site.


Taking Tianfeng agricultural machinery cooperative as an example,this paper analyzed an innovation of land system,land trust.Results showed that although it was constrained by financial,technological and talent factors,great improvement had been made in economizing on manpower resources and increasing both income of the peasants and the cooperatives,through such measures as taking standardized contract,reasonable distribution mechanism,and other measures.Based on the above conclusions,we suggest we should fully play the role of the government and the market to develop land trust driven by agricultural machinery cooperatives better.


Indonesian economic growth as reflected by increase of per capita income, improvement of physical infrastructure and facilities as well as socio-economic and political condition have resulted in the increase of recreation demand. The Gede Pangrango Nasional Park is an example of such a forest recreation site with indigenous and exotic flora and fauna, its natural landscape of great beauty and other attractiveness and facilities could stimulate the visitors. As the park is easily reached from the surrounding cities like Jakarta, Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi and other cities of Java it seems that demand for recreation in this park is considerably increasing. The objectiveof this study are to get a better insight into the socio-economic aspect of the recreation in the park and to demonstrate the use of internationally accepted method, namely Travel Cost Method, to measure the economic value of the park. The demand equation and demand curve, the annual benefits (consumer's surplus). and the present value of the park have been estimated. The application of the Travel Cost Method (TCM) as a result of this study indicates that the participation rate of the recreation is 2,238 visitor per million inhabitants. The relationship between participation rate (V/P) and directc travel and time cost (TC) can be derived from the demand equation: V/P= -62,5 + 1675240/ TC 2 with determinant coefficient, R 2 = 0.6362. This equation gives the estimated value of the annual benenfits of Rp 1.389 billion or an estimated value of Rp 17,370,- per visit. This is the amount of visitors' willingness to pay on average beyond what they actually pay. This amount gives also a present value of the park of Rp 25,55 billion as the economic value of the park providing recreational opportunity. This figure is based on the assumption that actual visit to the park continues to grow with 6.5 percent annually during the next 30 years and a discount rate of 10 percent, the time value is 50 percent of the hourly income, and are excluded extra cost likefor lodging and the equipment of tents. There will be upward bias due to multi-site visit, and downward bias because of visitors measure rather than day-visit. The expected increase in the number of visitors will place a tremendous pressure on the management of the park. Therefore,improved planning and management activities are needed. This will require an increase of the budget for planning and management to prevent a degradation of the attractiveness of die park. A degradation will mean that the park will lose its high economic value. Further study is recommended to get a more accurate figure of the economic value of the park by inclusion of substitute recreational site, multi-site visit, on-site travel time cost, and all expenses of visitors spent in the estimation of the benefits.


In this work the mechanical behavior of the covering is analyzed, using the finite element method, when the same one is put under a circumferential pressure in the zone of contact with the reinforcement. This pressure simulates the effect generated by the corrosion products and is valued from experimental studies of other authors. The crack process is associate with the evolution of the originated stresses. The zones that reach the permissible tension stresses, allow to locate the appearance of the cracks. In this work the covering/diameter (C/D) ratio and bar position influence is analyzed. The pressure necessary to generate cracks is obtained relating it to lost of reinforcement radius, obtained experimentally by other authors. This interrelation let to arrive to an expression that allow to consider this pressure as a function of the relation cover/reinforcement diameter and of the concrete quality.


Abstract Feeding costs have skyrocketed worldwide in the past several years, negatively impacting shrimp farmers. Typically, 50–60% of the production costs of shrimp farm operations are attributed to feed inputs. The increasing cost of feed combined with declining market prices for shrimp makes it difficult to maintain adequate profit margins. In west Alabama, shrimp farmers are located long distances from feed mills and pay high shipping fees in addition to high feed prices. These low-salinity waters are quite productive, providing natural food items throughout the production cycle. To determine the possibility of reducing feed rates by relying more on pond primary productivity to contribute to shrimp growth, four growth trials were conducted with juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (formerly known as Penaeus vannamei). Juvenile shrimp were offered different feed rates ranging from 0% (no feed) to 110% of a normal daily ration by means of static, flow-through, or partial daily water exchan...


Summary Terminology policies in Wales during the last twenty years need be seen in the wider context of language planning in Wales, especially in developing Welsh terminology to serve the needs of increased use in education, and public-facing services. This paper outlines the development of these policies in Wales since 1993.


The growth,reproductive performance,anatomy and morphology of snthr-1Bao mouse and the control DBA/2 mouse were observed.The result showed that the growth of snthr-1Bao mouse was slower than that of DBA/2 mouse.Coat of snthr-1Bao was scant.The weight of testicle and coefficient of snthr-1Bao mouse were both lighter than that of DBA/2(P0.01).The litter size of snthr-1Bao mouse was smaller than that of DBA/2 mouse(P0.01).There were no differences between snthr-1Bao mouse and DBA/2 mouse in position,appearance and structure of organs such as heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,adrenal gland,thymus and brain.There were significant differences (P0.05 or P0.01) in some organ(liver,spleen,testicle and ovary) weight and coefficient between two strains.There were significant differences between snthr-1Bao mouse and DBA/2 mouse in the number of leukocyte,neutrophil leukocyte,EOS and basophi l(P0.01).So the mutation of snthr-1Bao mouse not only affects its coat but also affects its growth,reproductive performance and blood.


The laboratory test for KFRP confined concrete under static uniaxial compression is presented and the results show the strengthening effect of KFRP for sound concrete construction depends on the intensity of the construction itself,and KFRP is very effective for damaged concrete construction to restore the load carrying capacity.


ness of the sign (see further, Maran 2017b). The astounding number and diversity of environmental sign defies reduction; that is, environmental signs cannot be viewed solely as projections of an organism's cognition to the environment nor can they be approached as objective properties of the environment. Rather, environmental signs appear where the qualities of the environment and the animal's meaning making activities meet.


ActionScript-based programming is one of the software which includes applications that teachers widely use to create interactive learning media in the world of education. ActionScript-based programming technology is a type of graphic animation software that can create a graphic object that can be animated without using other supporting software. At present, there are many educational circles to expedite the process of learning activities, especially for students. Interactive learning media is one means of delivering subject matter that is very important to apply today. In implementing student learning at school, it is necessary to present a practical and theoretical learning system which is the main point in helping to develop student competence. One form of culture in Indonesia is the traditional musical instrument Sasando. Sasando belongs to the chordophone instrument because it is played by picking it. The form of Sasando itself is in the form of a guitar, violin or harp. The central part of the Sasando is in the form of a long bamboo tube. In the middle, rounded from top to bottom, there is a wedge to stretch the strings. Developing interactive learning media requires a software development method; one of the development methods used is the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method. Making the MDLC has five stages: Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, and Testing


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of narcotic drugs and evaluate the rationality of drug use in the clinic in order to provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:Using DDD and DUI recommended by WHO as index,the utilization of narcotic drugs in our hospital during 2010-2012 were analyzed statistically in respects of drug name,dosage,usage,etc. RESULTS:Top 2 narcotic drugs in the list of frequency were Morphine sustained-release tablet and Fentanyl transdermal patch;DUI of Morphine injection,Morphine sustained-release tablet,Fentanyl transdermal patch,Oxycodone sustained-release tablet and Codeine tablet were all lower than 1,while that of meperidine was equal to 1. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of narcotic drugs is rational basically in our hospital and there is still irrational drug use,propagate and management should be strengthened.


The magneto-impedance (MI) effect has been studied in permalloy/Ag multilayers with different Ag thickness and number of bilayer. By increasing the Ag thickness from 7 to 25 A, the magnitude of the MI is greatly increased and the shape of the MI versus H curves evolves from a single-peak centered at H=0 to a double-peak structure. This is attributed to the different anisotropy axes induced by strain in the multilayers.


The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. ABSTRACT This study investigates determinants of credit spreads on U.S. dollar-denominated Asian corporate bonds. Using a country-level unbalanced panel dataset of Asian corporate bond indices, I find that global factors including U.S. corporate bond spreads and the U.S. long-term Treasury yield are main determinants of Asian corporate bond spreads. Principal component analysis also demonstrates that only a few variables account for the variation in Asian corporate bond spreads. Moreover, global factors have the greatest impact on credit spreads in the financial sector and the smallest impact on credit spreads in the utility sector. Finally, my results show that Asian corporate credit spreads respond more substantially to the U.S. monetary easing than to the U.S. monetary tightening, and they also react more strongly to widening U.S.


Traditional views of rationality posit general-purpose decision mechanisms based on logic or optimization. The study of ecological rationality focuses on uncovering the "adaptive toolbox" of domain-specific simple heuristics that real, computationally bounded minds employ, and explaining how these heuristics produce accurate decisions by exploiting the structures of information in the environments in which they are applied. Knowing when and how people use particular heuristics can facilitate the shaping of environments to engender better decisions.


With new regulations like the credit valuation adjustment, the assessment of wrong-way-risk is of utter importance. We analyse the effect of a counterparty's credit risk and its influence on other asset classes (equity, currency, commodity and interest rate) in the event of extreme market movements like the counterparty's default. With an extreme value approach, we model the tail of the joint distribution of different asset returns belonging to the above asset classes and counterparty credit risk indicated by changes in CDS spreads and calculate the effect on the expected shortfall when conditioning on counterparty credit risk. We find the conditional expected shortfall to be 2 to 440% higher than the unconditional expected shortfall depending on the asset class. Our results give insights both for risk management and for setting an initial margin for non-centrally cleared derivatives which becomes mandatory in the European Market Infrastructure Regulation.


Construction planners are encountered with challenge of optimum resource utilization to compromise between different and usually conflicting aspects of projects. Completion date and cost if project are among the crucial aspects of each project. Such problems are difficult to solve because of not having unique solutions. For time-cost optimization problems, as combinatorial optimization problems one can apply heuristics or mathematical programming. In this paper, a new improved multi-objective Genetic algorithm is used to solve the time-cost trade-off optimization problem. An 18 activity example is analyzed to illustrate its capabilities in generating optimal/near optimal solutions.


We report the case of a 6-month-old infant who presented with a complete duplication of the large intestine, debuting clinically with acute abdomen and severe metabolic disorders. We discuss the pathogenesis and morphology of the lesions, diagnostic difficulties and peculiarities of surgical treatment.


We present an efficient method for generating frequency combs in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range in bulk lithium niobate crystals as well as in waveguides. Our approach is simple and robust, since it is based on single-pass configuration of femtosecond Optical Parametric Generation (OPG) seeded by a telecom continuous-wave laser. Precise and fast tuning of the seed laser allows to rapidly change the offset frequency of the generated MIR comb independent of its repetition rate. The MIR comb offset frequency is inherently known, so its direct detection is not required. An additional degree of freedom that further complements the versatility of our light source is a unique way of repetition rate or mode spacing adjustments. This is achieved by our new concept of coherent multi-seeding that depending on the configuration allows for pulse train modulation and mode spacing, or repetition rate division by an integer number.


This study was aimed at analyzing the determinants of coffee market chain in Abe Dongoro districts of Oromia National Regional State among coffee producers. The data were collected from 160 farmers, 10 traders and 20 consumers and analyzed using descriptive and econometric approaches. The market chain analysis shown that the major actors in the district are coffee producers, collectors, retailers and consumers. It is also found out that coffee passes through several intermediaries with little value being added before reaching the end users. The chain is governed by collectors and retailers who have capital advantage over the other chain actors. Therefore, farmers are forced to capture a lower share of profit margin compared to retailers. The result of the multiple linear regression model indicated that market supply of coffee is significantly affected by access to extension service, amount of coffee produced and marketing price of coffee. Therefore, policy aiming at increasing farmers' access to modern inputs, developing and improving infrastructure and improving extension system are recommended to accelerate the chain's development. Keywords : Coffee; Market Chain; Multiple Regression Model DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-12-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2019


Cantaloupe melon pieces (1.8 cm dia 3 3.5 to 4.0 cm cylinders) were prepared using stainless steel borers with sharp or blunt blades, and stored for 12 d in air at 5 8 88 8C. Pieces prepared with the sharp borer maintained marketable visual quality for at least 6 d, while those prepared with the blunt borer were unacceptable by d 6 due to surface translucency and color changes. Borer sharpness did not affect changes in decay, firmness, sugar content, or aroma, but blunt-cut pieces had increased ethanol concentrations, off-odor scores, and electrolyte leakage com- pared to sharp-cut pieces. Respiration rates at 5 8C were similar for both cutting treatments, but ethylene production


This study describes a Program to Strengthen Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Skills (PCSES) applied by teachers to their initial-level students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work has two objectives. The first is to explore the grade of acceptance of teachers regarding the training process on cognitive and socio-emotional skills carried out by our team during the COVID-19 pandemic period, according to the school context, urban vs. urban-marginal. The second is to analyse whether teachers perceived improvements in the cognitive and socio-emotional performance of their students after the implementation of the PCSE, according to the school context. The sample consists of 36 initial-level teachers, in charge of classrooms of 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds. During the pandemic, 2020-2021, 36 teachers responded to the survey: 20 teachers from urban schools, and 16 teachers from urban-marginalized schools located in socially-vulnerable sectors. Despite the difficulties experienced during the pandemic, 94.45% of the teachers indicated that they were satisfied with the training process received. In addition, teachers from both school contexts perceived improvements in the cognitive and socio-emotional performance of their students after the implementation of the PCSES. These results suggest that the training of initial education teachers made it possible to implement a stimulation program during the pandemic period that aimed to favor cognitive, emotional, and social functions in students. The main contribution of this work was to increase the evidence of the importance of teacher training and knowledge for the development of strategies that can be used to scaffold socio-cognitive and emotional processes in the context of teaching-learning.


Recently, aircraft monitoring has attracted tremendous interest to many researchers in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive testing (NDT). For example, guided wave and impedance based SHM techniques using surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) have been widely used for detecting hidden damages in aircraft structures due to their sensitivity to small structural changes [1-4]. Guided wave and impedance based techniques have their own merits for local damage detection, because they identify damage based on different physical principles. In this study, a robust damage detection system is developed and validated through full scale tests for an aircraft wing segment. First, impedance and guided wave data acquisition system that can simultaneously obtain the two data is developed. Then an integrated impedance and guided wave (IIG) based damage detection technique is developed to enhance the performance and reliability of damage diagnosis under environmental variation. Finally, the applicability of the proposed technique to full scale aircraft wing structure is investigated under varying temperature and loading conditions. From design step for the test structure, structural hot spots are selected through structural analysis, and the necessary sensors are embedded. Two types of actual hidden damage in upper skin and a fitting lug are investigated in this study.


Abstract : The next generation of high-performance jet engines will require markedly stiffer materials, operating at higher stress levels and capable of withstanding temperatures of up to 1650 deg C. Prime candidates for such applications include ordered intermetallics, ceramics and composites based on metal, intermetallic and ceramic or carbon matrices, all of which are currently of limited use due to their low ductility and fracture properties. Moreover, there is a lack of fundamental understanding on the micromechanisms influencing crack growth in these materials, particularly intermetallics. Accordingly, the present study is aimed at exploring the potential of intermetallic alloys and their composites as advanced structural materials by identifying the critical factors influencing the crack-propagation resistance under monotonic and cyclic loads. Attention is focused on the Nb3Al and TiAl intermetallic systems. In both cases, the principal mechanism of toughening is to impede crack advance from crack bridging by ductile second phase particles. Reactive sintering and vacuum hot pressing techniques are successful is processing Nb3Al intermetallics and duplex Nb/Nb3Al microstructure with a stringy niobium phase can be achieved through thermal treatments. Characterization of mechanical properties will commence in the second year.


Single-crystal Mossbauer studies, supplemented by polarized optical- absorption measurements, were used to determine the EFG alignments of Fe (super 2+) in the M1 and M2 sites and Fe (super 3+) in the M1 site of three muscovites of varying Fe composition and colour type. The EFG alignments differ markedly in the three crystals. In conformity with the requirements of crystal symmetry, but contrary to earlier reported results, the EFG symmetries are distinctly rhombic: n = 0.68, 0.70, and 0.93 for Fe (super 2+) over M1 , Fe (super 2+) over sub M2/, and Fe (super 3+) over M1/, respectively. There is a strong tendency for either V yy or V zz to align along an M1-M2 (or M1-M1) direction, particularly in a high Fe (super 2+) (red-coloured) muscovite.


Abstract If random variables in one set are defined as explicit functions of random variables in a second set, Taylor series expansion (the delta method) may be used to prove the asymptotic normality of the first set of variates, under appropriate conditions, and to develop needed covariance estimates. Similar results are obtained for a set of random variables that are defined implicitly as functions of a second set of variables. This approach is used to calculate the variance of the attributable risk from case-control data.


Nowadays, students are not doing enough physical activity that is needed for a healthy body and they are so engrossed in their academic work. The issue of staying healthy in today's hectic society is an environmental challenge that needs to be overcome. Physical activity is an important aspect of the Philosophy of Malaysian Education. The Malaysian government hope to produce students who are not only academically intelligent, but also intelligent in health as well. Producing future communities who are physically active and cognitively intelligent is very important for a better future. Studies also show that, there is relevance between active participation in physical activity and students' academic achievement. It has been said that active participation in physical activity among university students can enhance their academic achievement. However, Tremblay, Inman, and Willms (2000) found that the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement was weak but that participation in physical activity was positively related to higher levels of self-esteem. Therefore, it is crucial to do a study on this topic again to get a richer result. This study focuses on students' involvement in physical activity and its impact on academic achievement. It is aimed to identify the students' participation of physical activity and factors that affect academic achievement. The samples of this study are 150 Physical and Health Education students from a public university in Malaysia. A fitness test was done to measure the students' fitness level. Apart from that, questionnaires regarding the research objectives were distributed to the students to obtain data of the research. Result from the research conducted revealed that students who are active in physical activity have higher academic performance than those who are not active. The finding of the study is very useful for students to stay healthy for a better and healthier future.


Abstract A highly efficient green process for the synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted aliphatic thiourea derivatives using primary aliphatic amines and carbon disulfide in aqueous medium at room temperature via a nonisothiocyanate route is described. This protocol illustrates the rapid preparation of N,N′-disubstituted aliphatic thiourea derivatives in excellent yields with some advantages such as no catalyst and simple workup without any side product formation. Moreover the new route is concise, chromatography-free, and adaptable to pilot-scale preparation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The invention discloses a double-switch constant-current driver which is used for realizing the drive of sequentially series-connection LED (light emitting diode) strings of at least one LED module. An LED driver comprises a rectification bridge, a constant-current source and at least one controllable current-limiting switch, an input positive end and an input negative end of the rectification bridge are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an alternating current power supply, and an output positive end of the rectification bridge is connected with positive ends of the LED strings through the constant-current source; and the number of the controllable current-limiting switches is as same as the number of the LED modules, the controllable current-limiting switches and the LED modules are of one-to-one correspondence relation, one end of each controllable current-limiting switch is respectively connected with a negative end of a corresponding LED module, the other ends of the all controllable current-limiting switches are connected with an output negative end of the rectification bridge together. The double-switch constant-current driver disclosed by the invention can remove a switch power supply of a present LED lamp, can avoid a problem of lower PF (power factor) caused by a capacitor and also has ultralong service life.


Throughout evolution, a wide number of organisms specialized in parasitizing plants. Plants are not exceptions; certain plant species evolved as parasites of their own kind. Parasitic angiosperms evolved at least 12 times and show various lifestyles. For example, facultative parasitic plants can complete their life cycle and produce seeds without hosts, whereas obligate parasitic plants totally rely on their hosts. Some obligate parasitic plants, such as broomrapes (Orobanche spp.), witchweeds (Striga spp.), and dodders (Cuscuta spp.), are major crop pathogens that cause severe and persistent damage in agriculture. During parasitism, series of molecular signals are emitted by nearby plants and perceived by parasitic plants. These stimuli are often essential for parasitic plants to germinate and/or undergo parasitic stages in the right place and at the right time. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence supports the idea that plant immunity programs can be activated by detection of molecules derived from parasitic plants. Here, we summarize the molecular interactions between parasitic plants and host plants, mainly obtained from studies on Orobanchaceae parasitic plants.


Let $M_g (g^{k+1})$ represent the minimum number of comparators required by a network that merges g sorted multisets containing $g^k$ members each. In this paper we prove that $M_g (g^{k+1}) \geq\ g M_g(g^k) + g^{k-1} \sum_{\ell =2}^{g} \lfloor (\ell -1)g/\ell\rfloor$. From this relation we are able to show that an N-sorter network which uses the g-way divide-sort-merge strategy must contain at least order $N{(log_2 N)}^2$ comparators.


Several researches focused on impeding and promoting factors of empowerment amongst nurses in western context; little is available in non-western settings including Pakistan.


Introduce a new way of developing and releasing software on embedded platform. With the help of OpenBricks, which is an enterprise-grade embedded Linux framework that provides easy creation of custom distributions for industrial embedded devices, people could easily build their applications into the framework and save time on many complex operations such as platform dependency and compatibility, which proved valuable on practical field.


Currently, the deployment of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) in a distribution system has rapidly increased to encourage the electric vehicle usage of a customer. However, this may inevitably cause the technical issues concerning the distribution system operation criteria, i.e., bus voltage and line capacity limits. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for determining the optimal size of each EVCS without violating the bus voltage limit and the line capacity limit. The proposed method is based on the iterative technique to solve the optimization problem where six patterns of EVCS installation are investigated during off-peak and peak time periods of residential loads. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a typical low-voltage distribution system in Thailand is selected to be a test system. Moreover, the fairness of all customers is considered by supposing that the EVCSs are equally installed at each bus, and the loads are equally distributed in the distribution system. The simulation results show that the optimal size of the EVCS during off-peak and peak time periods is mostly limited by the line capacity limit and the bus voltage limit, respectively. This implies that the behavior of customers to charge their electric vehicle should occur during off-peak time period instead of peak time period.


Pul se exci tat ion meth od ha s been used to find out th e tra nsition probabilities and oscillator strength s of calcium sulphi de phosphors, doped with different ac ti vators having va riable concentrations using ultraviolet laser as the excitation so urce. These in ves ti gations have been carri ed out at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. Variou s stron g trans iti ons in th ese phosphors have been detec ted and th e correspondin g osci ll ato r strengt hs for th ese tran sition s have been ca lcul ated in term s of emiss ion wavelength s. ind ex of refrac ti on and th e tra nsition probability at roo m tempera lllr e and liq ui d nit rogen temperature. The effec t of conc entrat ion of th e va ri ous dopants and th e effec t of temperature on tr an siti on probabilit y and osc ill ator strength is also studi ed. CaS phosph ors doped with different activ ators hav in g variable concentrations are very use ful. Transition probabi liti es and osc ill ator strength s of CaS phosphors doped with vari ous impurities, using va riou s tec hniqu es, hav e been reported by earlier wo rk ers l . 7 . The experimental determination of transition probabilities and oscillator strengths has become more reliable with modern laser spectroscopic tec hniques 8 . IO whi ch yield ve ry accurate va lu es . Pul sed Nitrogen laser having operating wavelength in UV region, short pul sewidth, large photon flux density and hi gh repetition rate is espec ially useful for excit ati on of shall ow trap pin g stat es and to record the tran sition probabiliti es at roo m as well as liquid nitrogen temperatures. The decay of luminescence in doped phosphors, following exc it at ion by a short lase r pulse, depends on trap distribution in the forbidden gap of the ph os ph or. The decay beco mes co mparativ ely faster as the temperature of th e ph osphor is lowered to liquid nit roge n temperature. As th e pUlsewidth of Nitrogen laser used for exc it ati on of th e phosphors is of a few nanosecond s in the present case, th e tr ansit ion probabilities of th e doped ph osphors under in vest iga ti ons co uld be measured very easily and acc ur ate ly without tak in g into accoun t the excitation pulse width . The present paper consid ers th e meas urement of transItIon probabilities very acc urately un der short laser pul se excit at ion at room as well as liquid nitrogen temperature. The transition probabilities along with th e index of refraction and th e em ission wavelength hav e been used to calculate


Many of the current environmental problems are cross-national. Perhaps the best example is anthropogenic climate change that is altering climatic conditions and ecosystem services and thus affecting economic, political and social structures of human communities throughout the world (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2008; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment [MEA], 2005). The transnational character of many environmental problems is further emphasised by their connections with various other globalization processes. These include, e.g. global trade with long production and consumption chains and the creation of global product brands, advertising, and marketing (Lebel & Lorek, 2008). Global consolidation of media ownership, development of new information and communication technologies detached from place, and the increasing use of English are key trends of the globalization of the media (Hopper, 2007). Climate change has been recognised as a key concern by an overwhelming majority of scientists (Oreskes, 2004) and by a growing amount of policy-makers, businessmen and citizens. However, the public and policy concern over climate change is unevenly distributed between and within countries. One explanation for the country-by-country differences is the variation of quantity and quality of mass media coverage. Media visibility and the framings can vary considerably. This was shown by the media treatment of the international climate negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Bali 2008 (Eide et al., 2009) or Copenhagen 2009 (Painter, 2010) that varied across countries despite the commonly shared objects of news reporting. The high visibility of climate sceptics or climate contrarians in the US mainstream media compared to European countries such as Finland is another example (Boykoff & Boykoff, 2007; UusiRauva & Tienari, 2010). National level media institutions combine international influences with local practices determined by social, political, economic and ecological contexts (Olausson, 2009; Adelekan, 2009). For example, the comparison between the commercially oriented US media system and public service oriented system, such as in Finland, shows that public service television devotes more attention to public affairs and international news, and fosters greater knowledge in these areas (Curran et al., 2009).


A benchmark result in the political economy of taxation is that majority voting over a linear income tax schedule will result in an inefficiently high tax rate whenever the median voter has a below-average income. The present paper examines the role of tax avoidance for this welfare result. For a right-skewed distribution of taxed income, we show that the political distortion from majority voting is increasing in the median voter's avoidance. Vice versa, keeping the decisive voter's avoidance constant, the political inefficiency is decreasing in the average level of avoidance in the economy.


In Michael Macdonald's essay "Literacy in an Oral Environment" (2005), he explores the use of writing practices of Safaitic, and draws a comparison to the informal literacy of the Tuaregs in the Tifinagh script. As he points out, the Tifinagh letters "are thought to be descended from the letters of the LibycoBerber script, which was used in North Africa from before the Christian era. However, the latter is still not entirely deciphered and the exact process of this descent is far from clear." (Macdonald 2005: 56). Inspired by Macdonald's invaluable contributions to the understanding of the Ancient North Arabian epigraphy, this article presents a humble contribution to the analysis of the grammar and orthography of the Libyco-Berber inscriptions. Libyco-Berber (lb) inscriptions can be classified into two general types, which have slightly different orthographic practices.1 The first type is the horizontal script found in Dougga, in the form of longer, monumental texts (some of which are Punic bilinguals), written from right to left. The second type is the vertical script, which is mostly found in shorter, funerary inscriptions written from bottom to top. There are some orthographic differences between the two script types. The sign known as ṯ exclusively occurs in the horizontal script, and almost exclusively in word-final position.2 The horizontal script, moreover has a different sign for ṭ than the vertical script. In the horizontal script, the sign looks like a leftward facing trident, while in the vertical script it consists of 4 vertical lines of equal length next to each other. Besides this, the horizontal script quite consistently marks word boundaries.


We presentour processfor fabricating NbN/AlN/NbNtunneljunctions on MgO substrates. The current-voltage (I-V)characteristics of junctions were measured, andtogether withtheothercharacteristics inhigh frequency, especially intheterahertz band. I. INTRODUCTION Becauseofthehigher Tc(17K)andthelarger gap frequencies(1.4THz)(1), NbN isthebestcandidate for developing a low-noise terahertz SISmixer(2). Inthe methods ofDC andRF magnetron sputtering, we can fabricate highquality NbN/AlN/NbN superconducting tunnel junctions, whichhavequite flat surfaces, withstand thermal cycling andlongtermstorage without degradation. Inthis paper wediscuss thesteps ofourprocess andgive prospect forourSISmixers.


The species pictured here, Actinocyclus sp., can measure up to a millimeter in diameter. Invisible Marine phytoplankton play a critical role in regulating the earth's climate. Could they also be used to combat global warming?


Recently there is the intrest increasing in admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways. At the initiative of Ministry of Infrastructure the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 04.12.2019 № 1043 "About implementation of experimental project on the admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways" is confirmed. The experimental project is designed for two years, it means till 04.12.2021. According to the requirements of the "Temporary Regulations on the procedure of the admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways" approved by the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine dated 04.03.2020 № 191, defined the requirements for applicants (enterprises), rolling stock, their maintanence and repair, personnel. In particular, it is established that private locomotives are allowed to operate on public railways with the availability of a conformity certificate. Private locomotives, that are applied for participation in experimental project, as a rule, are not new, and have certain service life, respectively, certain performance characteristics, remaining operating life of load-bearing metal structures, so the certification procedure of locomotives has some particularities and should cover, exept common measures of certification, measures of technical diagnoses, i.e. with the assessment of final resources of load-bearing metal struc-tures. Key words: experimental project, allowance for private locomotives, a conformity certificate, technical diagnoses.


A major conceptual breakthrough occurred in 1967 when KoNNo and MEAD proposed that, under the condition of a fixed spinal position, the chest wall can be considered as a system with two degrees of freedom [1]. They stated that any change in lung volume is accommodated by the sum of the changes in dimensions of the rib cage and of the anterior abdominal wall. When the airways are closed, the chest wall becomes a system with a single degree of freedom, so that changes in dimensions of the rib cage and abdominal wall are equal and opposite in direction. Rib cage and abdominal motion can be measured by two methods. As originally described, magnetometry can be used to measure the anteroposterior diameter of the rib cage and abdomen. Respiratory inductance plethysmography is now more widely used to measure the changes in cross-sectional area of the rib cage and abdomen [2]. The signals of either method are usually displayed on an X-Y plot, with the rib cage dimension on the ordinate and the abdominal dimension on the abscissa, as in the Konno-Mcad diagram. In reality, it has been shown that the chest wall, in particular the rib cage, possesses a greater degree of freedom [3, 4]. Nevertheless, the model of two degrees of freedom has allowed deeper insight into chest wall mechanics and is a practical tool for clinical interpretation of respiratory movements.


In this project, effects of ligand (NH3) concentration on the characteristics of tetraammine copper
(II) sulfate monohydrate were investigated by using different analysis technique such as DTA/TGA,
IR spectroscopy and Magnetic Susceptibility measurement.
Firstly, amine complexes of copper were prepared by using different concentrations of ammonia at a
fixed copper concentration. Then, these complexes were analysed to determine the differences at
coordination and related prorerties such as thermal behaviour and chemical binding in the complexes.
Results demonstrated that there are significant differences between the prepared complexes. Using
different ammonia concentrations in the synthesis resulted in different compounds with different
thermal stabilities. Also it was seen from IR spectra that chemical bindings change with respect to the
ammonia concentration.


The study on carbon storage and carbon dioxide emission from the soil surface and carbon balance in vetiver grass cultivation areas, was conducted at the Chiang Mai Land Development Station, northern Thailand during 2008-2010. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 3 replications with 7 treatments, control (nonvetiver grass) compared with 6 ecotypes of two vetiver species, Chrysopogon zizanioides and Chrysopogon nemoralis. C. zizanioides consisted of 4 ecotypes, Sri Lanka, Surat Thani, Mae Har, and Prarat Chatarn. C. nemoralis consisted of 2 ecotypes, Prachuab Khirikhan and Roi Et. Results showed that Prarat Chatarn produced the highest biomass of 35.6 t ha. The remaining ecotypes produced biomass amounts in the range of 31.2-35.2 t ha. Carbon accumulation in leaves and roots of various ecotypes varied with the growth period. The Prarat Chatarn ecotype produced the highest carbon accumulation of 7.45 t ha. For the plots with vetiver grass plantings, there was an increased amount of organic matter, soil moisture and decreased soil bulk density compared to the plots without vetiver grass. Mulching with cut leaves increased soil carbon storage. Carbon dioxide emissions in the plots with vetiver grass were higher than in the control plots. For carbon balance estimates, the plots with C. zizanioides produced carbon storage of +1.53 kgC m y and that was higher than for C. nemoralis plots with carbon storage of +1.37 kgC m y. While the plots without vetiver grass caused a soil carbon loss of –0.31 kgC m y.


Objective To improve the capability of diagnosing and treating adrenocortical carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 24 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma(15 men and 9 women) were analyzed.Their age ranged from 22 to 96 years,with a mean of 54 years.Endocrinological evaluation performed in 24 patients,hormonally active tumor diagnosed were 12 of them,which usually showed typical clinical features such as Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism.Radiologic evaluations were performed in all cases,including ultrasound and CT scan.Results 19 cases underwent complete resection.There was 1 cases of pathological stage Ⅰ,8 of stage Ⅱ,7 of stage Ⅲ and 5 of stage Ⅳ.The mean survival time was 23 months after the follow up from 3 months to 70 months,the remaining 9 cases were still alive.Locally recurrence occurred in 5 patients and metastases in 7 patients.Although chemotherapy was given,no significant response was observed,the mean survival time was 13 months.Conclusions Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis,surgical operation is the best way for patients,chemotherapy and radiotherapy could be assisted and useful.Early diagnosis and management could increase the survival rate.


Backround : osteoatrhritis is a damage disease in which in the jiont cartilage are found,and in the long term can change the structure anatomy for damage to cartilage damage. Foot posture index is used as a gauge to determine the normal anatomty of the foot and least in this case the ankle joint.
The aim of research : to the terminate of the relationship ofthe valeu of the index foot posture white knee osteoarthritis.
Methode of research : using the chi- square test whit bivariate analysis. Sample 30 responder patients whit ostoarthritis of the knee in the general hospital of the wst papua fakfak province. Do one measurement result obtained from the value of p = 0,05
Conculcion : the is effect between footposture index in patient whit osteoarthritis of the knee.
Keyword : osteoarthritis , the influence of the valeu in foot posture indx.


The research is objected to develop microwave reactor for pyrolysis of used cooking oil. The effect of microwave power as well as addition of char as absorber towards its thermal characteristic were investigated. Domestic microwave was modified and used to test the thermal characteristic of used cooking oil in the terms of temperature evolution, heating rate, and thermal efficiency. The samples were examined under various microwave power of 347W, 399W, 572W and 642W for 25 minutes of irradiation time. The char loading was tested in the level of 0, 50, and 100 g. Microwave reactor consists of microwave unit with a maximum power of 642W, a ceramic reactor, and a condenser equipped with temperature measurement system was successfully developed. It was found that microwave power and addition of absorber significantly influenced the thermal characteristic of microwave reactor. Under investigated condition, the optimum result was obtained at microwave power of 642W and 100 g of char. The condition was able to p...


Abstract Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) show a series of range shifts during their breeding season. Using ecological niche modeling, we studied the environmental context of these shifts by identifying the ecological conditions that monarchs use in successive summer months. Monarchs use a consistent ecological regimen through the summer, but these conditions contrast strikingly with those used during the winter. Hence, monarchs exhibit niche-following among sequential breeding generations but niche-switching between the breeding and overwintering stages of their annual cycle. We projected their breeding ecological niche onto monthly future climate scenarios, which indicated northward shifts, particularly at the northern extreme of their summer movements, over the next 50 yrs; if both monarchs and their milkweed host plants cannot track these changing climates, monarchs could lose distributional area during critical breeding months.


In this paper, a supervised fuzzy clustering neural network (SFCNN) is introduced for constructing the garment seam evaluation system. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system could efficiently be used as an objective garment seam evaluation system with high accuracy and is robust for various structures and mechanical properties of middle-thickness cotton fabric.


Cancer is one of the most dangerous disease which made many lives disastrous physically, psychologically and in an
 unhealthy manner. Major challenge for the scientists and researchers is cancer treatment and still a huge research is
going on in clinical trials.
Earlier cancer treatments are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are moving to two new effective ways: Cancer
genomics and immunotherapy.
Cancer genomics is the study of gene expression, the totality of DNA sequence and differences between tumors cells
and normal host cells.
Immuno-oncology is a prominent field that has taken to fight against cancer, provide a refined understanding of how
 cancer tumors elude the natural immune response. The information on immunology of the host and genomics of
tumor will had a drastic growth in the following decade.


Abortion in dairy cattle is commonly defined as a loss of the foetus between the age of 42 days and approximately 260 days. Pregnancies lost before 42 days are usually referred to as early embryonic deaths, whereas a calf that is born dead between 260 days and full term, is defined as a stillbirth.


Cross‐sectional echocardiography was performed on two patients with mitral regurgitation in whom M‐mode echocardiographic findings were not specific for the etiology of mitral regurgitation. In one patient, flail motion of the free edge of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium was demonstrated only by cross‐sectional echocardiograms. In the second patient, the flail posterior mitral leaflet was suggested to be a result of bacterial endocarditis. Cross‐sectional echocardiograms clearly identified a flail motion of a mass of vegetation attached to the posterior mitral leaflet.