Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj By Jharna Gourlay (Hants, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2003) (305 pages; $114.95/£60 cloth) While it may be well known that Florence Nightingale concerned herself with the health affairs of India for over forty years, there is a noticeable dearth of historical literature on the subject. Jharna Gourlay, a lecturer in philosophy and a British Broadcasting Company producer, has picked up the task of shedding light on this virtually overlooked subject. Gourlay s use of the archival collections at the British Museum, National Archives of New Delhi, Jawarhal Nehru Memorial Library in New Delhi, and Servants of Indian Society at the Gokhale Institute in Pune, India, prove fruitful. Gourlay's Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj presents, in detail, Nightingales involvement with India and the Indian people. Although Nightingale, an invalid, never visited India, Gourlay s book details the numerous sanitation and social reforms inspired by her more than four decades of dedicated lobbying, letter writing, and meetings with British and Indian dignitaries from her home in England. The major themes of the book include Nightingale's work in village and urban sanitation, the education of Indian females, the development of hospitals, irrigation, famine relief, the land tenure system in Bengal, and female nursing. The author should be highly commended for this work She presents ten chapters full of detailed accounts of Nightingale's involvement in Indian affairs. However, the book lacks the depth of analysis that the discovered themes require, and the reader can get lost in the details. Especially difficult were the first four chapters, where the sheer amount of evidence of Nightingale's contribution can be overwhelming. Chapter titles and subheadings do not really guide the reader through the voluminous maze of previously unexplored historical data. While Gourlay's scholarship is most evident, her knowledge of historiography is not. Her writing style seems to this reviewer to be a reporting of the evidence much like one would hear on a news broadcast. The author, like a reporter, brings to the audience important and intriguing information, often without much analysis within a broader social and cultural context. Herein lies the issue of this reviewer with Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj. The book reads like an encyclopedia of historical fact. Perhaps this is because the author provides little to no historical context. For example, she makes little attempt to relate the historical fact of Nightingale's work for the Indian people to the broader history of the Victorian woman, such as could be found in the writings of British feminist historians. More important to the readership of Nursing History Review is that the author includes little to no history of nineteenth-century British nursing as a scaffolding for the exploration of Nightingales contribution in India. These are two major oversights. However, on the positive side, this lack of analysis leaves the door wide open for scholars of nursing historical inquiry. Florence Nightingale and the Health of the Raj is an important text that can be used as a reference and motivation for the historical scholar. Chapter Five, entided "The Zemindar, the Sun and the Watering Pot," is one of the most intriguing chapters in the book. …


'From Baby to Boardroom' was the arresting title of a conference held at the Tavistock Centre in October 2008. The idea for the gathering had evolved from a discussion between two people investigating the application of the Esther Bick method of Infant Observation to organisations and consultancy, David Armstrong (UK) and Ross A. Lazar (Germany). While Bick's focus, as the programme acknowledged, was on the interplay between the child, its mother and its family, her 'method and conceptualisation' has 'influenced ways of framing and understanding the use and practice of observation in a much wider variety of settings, including those afforded by institutional life'. Keynote speakers were Ross A. Lazar himself, Robert D. Hinshelwood (UK), Anton Obholzer (UK) and Margot Waddell (UK). Katy Dearnley reports that Anton Obholzer began with a provocative fairytale about all the great psychoanalytic thinkers getting on famously and developing a coherent view. He used this to illustrate the difficulty of crossfertilisation, noting how long it took Bick to get other disciplines to consider Infant Observation. Then Margot Waddell gave a paper bringing the conference back to the centrality of the transference, with the idea that preconceptions block observation being a key theme. Katy Dearnley also tells us that Robert Hinshelwood 'gave fascinating examples of the unconscious at work in organisations and drew attention to the complexities of relationships and group processes in organisations which are different from Infant Observation'. A variety of international presenters offered workshop opportunities for discussion, and one of these presentations, 'An exploration of ''quality of life'' in


Red spinach extract is high in inorganic nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2) which has been shown to enhance vascular function, cognition, and physical performance. To date, there have been no investigations as to whether red spinach extract serves as an effective strategy to improve repeated exercise performance, which is applicable to many sports and activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute red spinach extract ingestion on repeated sprint ability in female athletes. Eleven Division I NCAA female athletes (ages 18–24) were recruited. In a double-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced design, participants completed two separate visits each with a different treatment: placebo (placebo; tomato juice) or red spinach extract (~400 mg nitrate). For each trial, participants consumed their respective treatment two hours before exercise. Following a warm-up, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) separated by 2 min of recovery. A capillary blood sample was obtained pre-exercise to measure NO2 concentrations. Performance outcomes, heart rate (heart rate), and rate of perceived exertion were measured following each WAnT. Blood lactate (La-) was obtained prior to exercise (PRE) and after the completion of the repeated sprints (POST). Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 72 h. Mean power (p = 0.204), peak power (p = 0.067), heart rate (p = 0.151), and rate of perceived exertion (p = 0.379) were not significantly different between treatments. POST La- concentration was significantly higher with red spinach extract when compared to the placebo (p = 0.030). Furthermore, the fatigue index (p = 0.018) was significantly lower with red spinach extract. The results do not support the use of red spinach extract for the enhancement of power output during repeated anaerobic exercise. However, it may result in improved La-/H+ removal from the muscle, thereby combating physical fatigue.


A SENTENCE in Dr. Playfair's introductory lecture leads me to believe that a note on a very simple method of assisting labours which are tedious in the second stage, that I have recently adopted, may not be unacceptable. The method is far too simple for any expectations of mine to be fulfilled that I have been the first to use it, though I am perfectly certain that it is original in my own practice. As it was, however, actually based on Dr. Braxton Hicks's method of external version, and suggested itself to me when I was performing that operation in a case of placental presentation, it may possibly prove to be, like Dr. Hicks's device, from its very simplicity, something new in obstetrics. Dr. Playfair writes: "We have learnt, also, some valuable lessons from a careful examination of the abdomen externally, such as the possibility of aiding the force of feeble and ineffective pains by judiciously applied pressure to the uterus. In this plan, indeed, which is as yet little known in this country, I feel convinced we have a means of assisting the progress of a labour in which the delay is simply due to the want of sufficient uterine contraction, far safer both to the mother and the child, and far more effective than the administration of oxytoxic drugs, such as the ergot of rye, in which many place much confidence." The fact that this is the only reference I have yet seen to the employment of external pressure in cases of inertia of the uterus, must be my apology for describing the method in which I employ it, and, first of all, the case in which it was suggested to me. In August last, I was summoned hurriedly one morning to see a woman in labour and attended by a midwife. I found her cold, pulseless, and the bed and floor swimming with blood. It scarce needed an examination to know that the placenta was presenting. The os readily admitting my hand, and the uterus being perfectly flaccid, I at once removed the placenta, and, by the combined version, easily brought down both feet. I could get no amount of manipulation to induce contraction of the uterus ; and to wait for the action of ergot was to waste time. I therefore passed my left arm under the patient and my right arm over her, embraced the uterus between them in a direction parallel with the axis of the brim, interlocking my fingers and spreading them over as large a part of the fundus as possible. In this position, and by the external pressure, I imitated normal contractions, as one does with the forceps, and soon had the satisfaction of finding the child extruded as far as the shoulders ; then, with the left hand on the fundus, and the right guiding the child, birth was soon completed. The child was almost dead, of course; but the mother made a good recovery. Since this case, I have had on three occasions to adopt the method of external pressure in cases of inertia. Mrs. K., confined on December 20th of her seventh child, had a large roomy pelvis; but though the passages were relaxed to the fullest and ergot administered twice, the uterus was absolutely passive. I placed her at once under chloroform, and commenced the intermittent pressure described above. In about ten minutes delivery was completed, and there was no postpartzm haemorrhage. In September, I was retained to attend Mrs. E., the mother of seven children. Her attendant informed me that nearly all her labours had to be assisted by the forceps on account of an inert state of the uterus, and that in the last two she had nearly lost her life from postpartlum !Lcmorrhage. A few days before her confinement, the house was entered during the night by burglars, and she awoke to see one of them removing her husband's watch from the toilet-table. She was, of course, much excited, and in the morning I was asked to see her. We feared very much that the fright would exercise an unfortunate influence, and so, indeed, it proved, for symptoms of labour came on immediately. We tried by opium and rest to delay it, and succeeded for a time. At last, however, it came on, and, as before, the second stage was characterised by inertia. The pains were sufficiently severe to require anaesthesia, but whether it was continued or not, they did nothing. Instead of resorting to the forceps, as I originally intended, I employed the external pressure, and very soon had the head on the perinaeum. I then used the forceps to guide the head through the passages, still having the external pressure kept up. She recovered more rapidly and more completely than she had ever done, according to her own account, though she attributed this to the chloroform. It is certain that she had no after-hoemorrhage. The third case was in the person of a strongly built woman, in whose second labour the pains suddenly ceased without apparent cause. The head was nearly on the perinaeum when I arrived to assist the midwife. I advised the external pressure instead of ergot, and we found it perfectly successful in re-establishing the pains, and by its help labour was completed. I feel convinced from even this short experience, like Dr. Playfair, that the method of external pressure will soon and in most cases supersede all uterine stimulants, and that the use of these will now be confined to the post Jarlumf state. External pressure is of great help when, from accident or necessity, anesthesia has been pushed so as to interfere with the intensity of uterine action. I have little doubt that this communication will bring many others from obstetricians who have practised the same or some similar method of external pressure. My plea is that, so far as I know, it is not used in this country as it ought to be, and that ergot is far too largely consumed by parturient women, especially when under the care of the so-called "trained midwives".


Objective To establish the production technology and quality control of black plaster and skin and external disease plaster.Methods Radix et Rhizome Rhei,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,Rhizome Chuanxiong,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Sanguis Draconis were determined by TLC.The soften point was measured by soften point determinator.Results The production technology was improved.Radix et Rhizome Rhei,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,Rhizome Chuanxiong,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Sanguis Draconis were checked out by TLC.The soften point was 60~70℃.Conclusion The production technology improves the charge of Sanguis Draconis.The method of TLC is inclusive and repeatable and can be used for the quality control stand skin and external disease plaster.


Quality Control (QC) of human genome sequencing and exome sequencing data is necessary to ensure they are of sufficient quality for downstream analyses. While several QC tools are available to measure quality parameters at various levels post-sequencing, their output needs to be reviewed and interpreted in a very manual and time-consuming process. Such manual review is a major challenge towards standardization and consistency, as the process can be subjective depending on the reviewer. To address these difficulties, we have developed QuaC, which implements, integrates, and standardizes QC best practices at our Center. It performs three major steps: (1) runs several QC tools using data produced by the read alignment (BAM) and small variant calling (VCF) as input and optionally accepts QC output for raw sequencing reads (FASTQ); (2) executes QuaC-Watch to perform QC checkup based on the expected thresholds for quality metrics; and (3) aggregates QC metrics produced by all the QC tools as well as QuaC-Watch results into single, self-contained MultiQC report, both at the per-sample and across-project levels. This report provides aggregate summaries for all samples within a project/cohort for efficient comprehensive review while still allowing for granular review down to individual metrics for a single sample. Finally, we have developed a "Sample QC review system" schema to standardize QC reviewer's logging of results and simplify downstream users' interpretation of the reviewers finding.


Recently, low-dimensional manifold regularization has been recognized as a competitive method for accelerated cardiac MRI, due to its ability to capture temporal correlations. However, existing methods have not been performed with the nonlinear structure of an underlying manifold. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method in an unrolling manner for accelerated cardiac MRI on a low-dimensional manifold. Specifically, a fixed low-rank tensor (Riemannian) manifold is chosen to capture the strong temporal correlations of dynamic signals; the reconstruction problem is modeled as a CS-based optimization problem on this manifold. Following the manifold structure, a Riemannian gradient descent (RGD) method is adopted to solve this problem. Finally, the RGD algorithm is unrolled into a neural network, called Manifold-Net, on the manifold to avoid the long computation time and the challenging parameter selection. The experimental results at high accelerations demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain improved reconstruction compared with three conventional methods (k-t SLR, SToRM and k-t MLSD) and three state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods (DC-CNN, CRNN, and SLR-Net). To our knowledge, this work represents the first study to unroll the iterative optimization procedure into neural networks on manifolds. Moreover, the designed Manifold-Net provides a new mechanism for low-rank priors in dynamic MRI and should also prove useful for fast reconstruction in other dynamic imaging problems.


Abstract: Agricultural Engineering highlights in Puerto Rico (1907-2007), research topics during 1907-2007, ASAE actions in Puerto Rico, future needs are listed.


Michael R. Johnson makes a telling point in his article, "The I.W.W. and Wilsonian Democracy," (Science ir Society, Summer, 1964), about the role of the federal government in destroying the I.W.W. when it threatened huge wartime profits of big farmers and businessmen. But in his haste to get to this part of the story, he makes a number of errors about the I.W.W. prior to America's entrance into World War I. 1. He treats the I.W.W. as an organization before the First World War which was primarily interested in replacing "democratic capitalism with syndicalism," and building "a revolutionary industrial union which would force the bourgeoisie to surrender." But the I.W.W. was first and foremost an organization which sought to organize unskilled and semiskilled workers into industrial unions for higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions. To be sure, it coupled these struggles with its goal of Industrial Socialism, but it did not view the achievement of this goal as unrelated to the battle for immediate demands. Rarely in major struggles was the issue of syndicalism raised, and most of these great battles revolved about immediate issues. 2. Mr. Johnson writes that "Until 1915, however, Wobblies enjoyed little success." If he means success in achieving syndicalism, he is correct. But if he means success in the sense of gaining victories, he is incorrect. The victory of the steel workers, under I.W.W. leadership, at McKee Rocks in 1909 was one of the great successes of workers in the iron and steel industry up to that time. The victory of the textile workers, under I.W.W. leadership, in the Lawrence strike of 1912 not only was unprecedented, but it stimulated organization among unskilled workers all over New England. To be sure, the I.W.W. could not retain its success and lost its membership as quickly as it gained it. But this does not mean that it did not achieve victories.


INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women. In fact, 1 in 8 women are to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, the fatal form of breast cancer. Already in 2016, there have been approximately 250,000 cases of metastatic breast cancer with a death total of around 41,000 women [1]. Clearly, there is a need for better treatment options or detection methods for this form of cancer. The actual deaths, however, are not caused by the breast cancer itself. Rather, it is the spread, or metastasis, of cancer niches from the primary site in the breast to secondary sites such as lung or lymphatic tissue that leads to death [2]. Metastasis is characterized by significant cell migration. Such migration is regulated by the dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Actin, in turn, is regulated by a protein known as profilin (Pfn) which, under normal physiological conditions, helps to sequester free actin monomers and attach them to further actin polymerization [3]. In pathophysiological states, lower levels of profilin have been associated with more aggressive and metastatic breast cancer [4]. However, Pfn, which comes in two isomers: profilin-1 (Pfn1) and profilin-2 (Pfn-2), regulates cancer differently depending on the stage that the disease is in. Our lab has shown that in early stages of cancer, profilin induces the migration of cancer cells to secondary locations; however, once these cells reach the new sites profilin actually impedes the recolonization of a new niche [2]. Clearly, Pfn's function in cancer is not as cut and dry as other proteins such as Ras or p53. Moreover, E-cadherin is a transmembrane cell-cell connecting protein which has been shown to be a tumor suppressor. Loss of E-cadherin induces what is known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which cells become unbound from each other and are thus allowed to migrate [4]. EMT is a hallmark of metastatic cancers. Structurally, E-cadherin is anchored to the cell via adaptor proteins that are then attached to actin fibers [5]. Our lab has previously shown that this structural relationship also plays a role with the signaling axis of both profilin and E-cadherin. When Pfn-1 is knocked down via siRNA in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, there is a knockdown of 46% cell-cell connections made through E-cadherin [4].


The paper investigated the optimization of both the area spectral efficiency (SE) and the energy efficiency (EE) by considering a typical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) downlink network. It introduced a novelty constraint, the coverage sensitivity criterion in solving the optimization problem. That constraint aimed at deleting empty transmission block where no cell load was detected. Simulation in Mathlab software was used to solve the problem, and generate the data. Keywords— Theoretical formulation, multi-objective problem, coverage sensitivity, power minimization, spectrum efficiency


Frequency- ($\ensuremath{\omega}$) dependent conductivity measurements are reported on the linear-chain compound orthorhombic Ta${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$. A weak frequency dependence and positive dielectric constant are observed due to one-dimensional fluctuations of charge-density waves (CDW's) above the Peierls transition at ${T}_{P}=215$ K. Below the phase transition the conductivity strongly increases with increasing $\ensuremath{\omega}$, and the dielectric constant is of the order of ${10}^{7}$. The small characteristic energies obtained from the observed $\ensuremath{\omega}$ dependence give direct evidence for the collective mode. When interpreted in terms of a classical model of the pinned CDW, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ indicates a strongly overdamped response. A tunneling model developed by Bardeen also leads to a consistent description of both $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and the electric-field- ($E$) dependent dc conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$. In this model the frequency-dependent response is due to both a tunneling contribution and the response of the pinned mode. Below about 130 K the observed frequency dependence suggests the development of a disordered CDW state. These observations are compared with experiments performed on the linear-chain compound Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$.


This article was written based on a unique consideration of the implementation of mind mapping in study groups as a strategy in the world of education, especially in the realm of education management. This study proposes a strategic framework that can help link learning services with study group counseling mind mapping. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The sources of data used in this research are primary and secondary. Mind mapping of group counseling To get a complete picture in this article, a qualitative approach is used. Research results in counseling services. Management functions include; planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Therefore, management is defined as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling learning efforts. Mind mapping of study group counseling is an art in teacher skills to be applied in various fields, especially counseling guidance.


With the development of smart meters and data collection techniques, we now can get energy consumption information in real time. Research shows that providing appliance-level energy information can better promote energy conservation than providing total energy information. Previous work on detecting appliance-level energy information either relies on a range of smart meters to detect each appliance's energy information, or specific knowledge about appliances including types, labeling or models that are hard to obtain for domestic household. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose a generic disaggregation approach to calculate the number of appliances, their power and usage information. This approach is mainly based on three common features that most appliances have, including the feature that the ascending or descending edges' power values of each appliance follow the Gaussian distribution. Particularly, we use a Gaussian distribution to model each appliance, and use the Expectation -- Maximization clustering algorithm to identify how many appliances are used, what their generic models are and when they are used. We verified the accuracy of this approach with a real energy data set and find that this approach can successfully disaggregate the total energy data.


The terahertz spectra of four kinds of vitamins are presented. The refractive index and absorption spectra of these vitamins are obtained by the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The full-geometry optimizations and frequency calculations using the density functional theory are applied to obtain the structure and vibration frequencies of these vitamin molecules. The calculated vibration frequencies are compared with the experimental data. The results show that there are terahertz fingerprint absorptions for all of four kinds of vitamins. The terahertz absorbance spectra of vitamins result from not only the intramolecular vibration modes, but also the intermolecular interaction or phonon modes.


............................................................................................................................. ii Lay summary .....................................................................................................................iv Preface ................................................................................................................................. v Table of contents ............................................................................................................ viii List of tables.....................................................................................................................xiv List of figures .................................................................................................................... xv List of abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................xix Chapter 1: General introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1  Preamble ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2  Sensorimotor integration ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1  Neuroanatomy of sensorimotor integration ..................................................... 3 1.2.2  Testing sensorimotor integration ..................................................................... 5 22.214.171.124  Transcranial magnetic stimulation ............................................................ 7 188.8.131.52  Testing indirect sensorimotor integration ................................................. 9 22.214.171.124  Testing direct sensorimotor integration .................................................. 11 1.2.3  Aging and sensorimotor integration ............................................................... 13 22.214.171.124  Aging: Somatosensory and motor function ............................................ 13 184.108.40.206  Aging: Somatosensory and motor neurophysiology ............................... 14 220.127.116.11  Aging: Sensorimotor integration neurophysiology ................................. 15 1.2.4  Chronic stroke and sensorimotor integration ................................................. 17 ix 126.96.36.199  Chronic stroke: Somatosensory and motor function ............................... 17 126.96.36.199  Chronic stroke: Somatosensory and motor neurophysiology ................. 17 220.127.116.11  Chronic stroke: Sensorimotor integration neurophysiology ................... 20 1.3  Neuroplasticity ...................................................................................................... 22 1.3.1  Mechanisms of neuroplasticity ...................................................................... 22 1.3.2  Motor and somatosensory cortical plasticity ................................................. 24 1.3.3  Attention and neuroplasticity ......................................................................... 25 1.3.4  Plasticity of sensorimotor integration ............................................................ 27 1.3.5  Plasticity and aging ........................................................................................ 28 1.3.6  Plasticity and chronic stroke .......................................................................... 30 1.4  Reliability of neurophysiological measures .......................................................... 32 1.5  Thesis overview .................................................................................................... 33 1.5.1  Thesis impact ................................................................................................. 34 1.5.2  Research objectives ........................................................................................ 35 Chapter 2: Exploring the influence of age and chronic stroke on the neurophysiology of indirect sensorimotor integration ................................................. 37 2.1  Introduction ........................................................................................................... 37 2.2  Methods................................................................................................................. 40 2.2.1  Participants ..................................................................................................... 40 2.2.2  Experimental design....................................................................................... 40 2.2.3  Behavioural assessment ................................................................................. 41 2.2.4  Neurophysiological assessment ..................................................................... 41 22.214.171.124  Somatosensory evoked potentials ........................................................... 42 x 22.214.171.124  Transcranial magnetic stimulation .......................................................... 42 126.96.36.199  Sensorimotor integration ......................................................................... 43 184.108.40.206  Statistics .................................................................................................. 44 2.3  Results ................................................................................................................... 44 2.3.1  Stroke and age-related changes in sensorimotor integration ......................... 46 2.3.2  Association between neurophysiology, impairment, and function ................ 49 2.3.3  Somatosensory and motor cortical excitability .............................................. 50 2.4  Discussion ............................................................................................................. 51 2.4.1  Stroke and age-related changes in sensorimotor integration ......................... 51 2.4.2  Relationship between neurophysiology, impairment, and function............... 54 2.4.3  Somatosensory and motor cortical excitability .............................................. 56 2.4.4  Limitations ..................................................................................................... 57 2.5  Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 3: Sensorimotor integration and aging: baseline differences and response to sensory training ................................................................................................................ 58 3.1  Introduction ........................................................................................................... 58 3.2  Methods................................................................................................................. 61 3.2.1  Participants ..................................................................................................... 61 3.2.2  Experimental design....................................................................................... 62 3.2.3  Somatosensory functional tests ...................................................................... 62 3.2.4  Neurophysiological assessment ..................................................................... 62 184.108.40.206  Somatosensory evoked potentials ........................................................... 63 22.214.171.124  Transcranial magnetic stimulation .......................................................... 63 xi 184.108.40.206  Direct sensorimotor integration .............................................................. 64 18.104.22.168  Indirect sensorimotor integration ............................................................ 65 3.2.5  Sensory training ............................................................................................. 65 3.2.6  Statistical tests ................................................................................................ 66 3.3  Results ................................................................................................................... 67 3.3.1  Baseline direct sensorimotor integration ....................................................... 67 3.3.2  Influence of sensory training on sensorimotor integration ............................ 69 3.3.3  Secondary measures – indirect sensorimotor integration .............................. 71 3.3.4  Sensory training performance ........................................................................ 72 3.4  Discussion ............................................................................................................. 72 3.4.1  Baseline sensorimotor integration .................................................................. 72 3.4.2  Neurophysiological response to sensory training .......................................... 74 3.4.3  Limitations ..................................................................................................... 77 3.5  Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 78 Chapter 4: Sensorimotor integration in chronic stroke: baseline differences and response to sensory training ............................................................................................ 79 4.1  Introduction ........................................................................................................... 79 4.2  Methods................................................................................................................. 83 4.2.1  Participants ..................................................................................................... 83 4.2.2  Experimental design....................................................................................... 84 4.2.3  Behavioural tests ..........................................................................................


Currently, the increase in the efficiency of pharmacy organizations is due to the efficiency of team management. Each pharmacy organization strives to strengthen the workforce and monitors staff turnover rates, because this can affect the economic results of the organization. The most effective tool for preventing the layoff of staff turnover. This article presents the results of a sociological study of the factors that lead pharmaceutical workers to change jobs. The objects of the study were pharmaceutical workers of pharmaceutical organizations of various organizational and legal forms in Moscow. The methodological basis of the research was formed by general theoretical methods of information processing: analysis, systematization, grouping, comparison and generalization. Based on the analysis of 214 questionnaires of pharmaceutical workers, the frequency of job changes was revealed, and this indicator wa s studied depending on the length of service. It was found that pharmaceutical workers with higher education are more committed to the pharmaceutical industry, but at the same time, one in three of them expressed a desire to change jobs while remaining in the profession. The analysis of value-oriented factors made it possible to identify the main reasons leading pharmaceutical workers to change jobs.


Relevance. Frontalis suspension is used in patients with severe upper eyelid ptosis. Despite the long history of the operation and multiple modifications, none of them gives a lifelong result. The use of suspensions sling materials that grow into tissue increases the surgical trauma during their removal if correction is necessary or recurrence of ptosis. Thus, the task is to choose a method of frontalis suspension, that would be easy to perform have an excellent result. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness, execution simplicity and reliability of the frontalis suspension using the «sliding eight» technique with polypropylene suture in patients with severe upper eyelid ptosis. Material and methods. A retrospective study of 84 patients (110 eyelids) with severe ptosis of upper eyelid. A frontalis suspension surgery for removing upper eyelid with the use of 4/0 polypropylene suture was performed in he all patients. The threads were passed into the thickness of the eyelids and brows through previously made skins incisions. The patients were divided into 3 groups: in the first group (25 patients) we used polypropylene frontalis suspension with two needles of the pentagon suspension designs, in the second group (28 patients) we used two polypropylene sutures in the form of two rectangles, in the third group (31 patients) we used the «sliding eight» technique. Results. In the first group, in 5 cases there was a deformation of the upper eyelid contour, in 2 cases a recurrence of ptosis was diagnosed. In the second group, the deformation of the upper eyelid contour was in 4 cases, and a recurrence of ptosis also developed in 2 patients. In the third group, we did not notice any deformation of the upper eyelid contour and palpebral folds. In two cases, recurrent ptosis was diagnosed. The operation time in the first group of patients was 30.21±5.048 min, in the second group – 32.97±3.68 min, in the third – 26.5±3.03 min. The duration of the operation was statistically significantly different between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 3. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of severe ptosis of upper eyelid using the «sliding eight» technique has shown its effectiveness, ease of execution and reliability. This elegant technique minimizes postoperative complications in the form of asymmetry in the position of the upper eyelid, is easy to perform, leaves virtually no scarring, and can be repeated without significant surgical trauma. Key words: severe ptosis of eyelids, brow suspension surgery, polypropylene


This paper deals with the behavior of solutions of ordinary differential equations in a Hilbert Space. Under certain conditions, we obtain lower estimates or upper estimates (or both) for the norm of solutions of two kinds of equations. We also obtain results about the uniqueness and the quasi-uniqueness of the Cauchy problems of these equations. A method similar to that of Agmon-Nirenberg is used to study the uniqueness of the Cauchy problem for the non-degenerate linear case.


The number of phishing/pharming attacks occurring has increased and consequently, the number of studies on anti-phishing/pharming has also increased. The target sites of phishing/pharming are financial sites, and these have a low connection rate compared to those of portal sites. In this paper, we propose an anti-phishing/pharming method that uses a portal site as a stopover. The proposed method is based on the reliability of portal sites. This method is intended for general users rather than for professional users or developers. We also analyze the safety of the proposed method by separating the method into sub components of module safety assumption.


Objective
To investigate the protective effects of a Yiqi Huatan Quyu formulation on liver injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats.

Methods
Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A(normoxia and normal saline gavage), Group B(chronic intermittent hypoxia and normal saline gavage)and Group C(chronic intermittent hypoxia and Yiqi Huatan Quyu formulation gavage)(n=10 in each group). After 8 weeks of treatment, the liver tissue was extracted for protein and RNA.Western blot was used to test the protein levels of B-cellymphoma-2 associated X protein(BAX)and B-cellymphoma-2(BCL-2), and Realtime PCR was used to test gene expression of BAX and BCL-2.Transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL)was used to assay the apoptotic rate of liver cells.

Results
The expression of the BAX protein and BAX gene was higher and the expression of the BCL-2 protein and BCL-2 gene was lower in Group B than in Group A(t=13.490 and 16.480, P=0.005 and 0.002; t=5.142 and 9.776, P=0.036 and 0.001, respectively). The levels of the BAX protein and BAX gene were lower and the levels of the BCL-2 protein and BCL-2 gene were higher in Group C than in Group B(t=6.088 and 15.240, P=0.026 and 0.005; t=5.296 and 16.380, P=0.034 and 0.004, respectively). The apoptosis rate of hepatocytes was higher in Group B than in Group A(t=7.698, P=0.002), and was lower in Group C than in Group B(t=4.345, P=0.012).

Conclusions
The Yiqi Huatan Quyu formulation may alleviate the apoptosis of liver cells in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats by up-regulating BCL-2 and down-regulating BAX levels, thus exerting protective effects on the liver.

Key words:
Sleep apnea, obstructive; Cell hypoxia; Liver diseases


These two events asked to what extent can art affect change when addressing issues of migration, displacement, and access - a public discussion exploring the capacity of artists and arts institutions to intervene in the current geopolitical climate.

They were preceded by a screening of French-Moroccan artist Bouchra Khalili's 'The Tempest Society' and the launch of the artist's book by the same name, in a partnership between the RCA, The Showroom and Book Works. The Tempest Society revisits 'Al Assifa', a politicised theatre group born out of the struggles of the Mouvement des Travailleurs Arabes (MTA), Palestine, anti-colonialism, and workers' and immigrant labour rights.

The programme of screenings, presentations and debate that followed took place just twenty-four days before the UK was due to leave the UK on 31 March 2019. Curated by Elvira Dyangani Ose, director of The Showroom, with Michaela Crimmin, Reader in art and conflict at the RCA, they were held in partnership with Tate Britain. Gurminder Bhambra, professor of postcolonial and decolonial studies at the University of Sussex, gave the opening keynote addressing the inter-related subjects of national sovereignty, immigration laws, empire, racism, and dispossession. The artists and curators who followed included Kathrin Bohm, who talked about the artist-run pro-Remain campaign 'Keep it complex – make it clear!'; Austrian artist Oliver Ressler who described projects which challenge racism and power structures; and Peruvian, Barcelona-based artist Daniela Ortiz, who took issue with the violence of migration and integration politics.

There is a 35-minute video of extracts from the events, together with videos of a number of the presentations.

The Royal College of Art is a partner in a four-year research programme, which includes these events, under the title '4Cs: from Conflict to Conviviality through Creativity and Culture'. This is a European Cooperation project co-funded by Creative Europe.

https://4cs-conflict-conviviality.eu


Abstract This essay investigates three women's cross-dressed service in the military. Hannah Snell (1723-92) served as a British marine and fought the French in India. Deborah Sampson Gannet (1760-1827) fought the British in the American Wars of Independence and Pauline Cushman (1833-1893) claimed to have disguised herself for the Union during the American Civil War. These three are, by no means, the only women to claim action and remuneration as male combatants (Jelinek 53-62),1 when the legal extent of women's engagement was as unpaid camp followers. However, all three gave accounts of their military exploits to the public through biographies and solo performances on stage.


This paper analyses the labour market transitions of older men and women using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). I find large peaks in exit rates out of employment at ages 60 (women) and 65 (both sexes) which occur in the exact birthday month. This suggests that pension schemes have strong incentive effects. Discrete-time hazard regression analysis shows that benefits and health status are the two most important determinants of retirement, with effects that are larger than found in previous studies for British and US men. When modelling unobserved heterogeneity I find that the share of 'movers' between work and non-work is twice as high among women as among men. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY In the United Kingdom, as in most industrialised countries, life expectancy has risen substantially while the number of workers per pensioner and work income as a share of older people's total income have fallen considerably. These developments manifest themselves on the level of the individual pensioner in the form of inadequate retirement income and healthcare entitlements and have led to a great interest in the understanding of older people's labour market participation and, in particular, their retirement behaviour. When does somebody retire and why? Which retirees might return to work and why? How are these transitions affected by how much one could earn in the labour market and by how much income one could have without working? I address these questions, analysing the labour market transitions of older men and women using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) for 1990-2004. The individuals considered are aged 40 to 70 years. First, I look at the risk for a worker of exiting employment within the next twelve months and at the risk for a non-worker of resuming employment within the next twelve months, considering differences in risks by sex as well as by other characteristics. I find that the probability of employed men to exit employment within the next year is highest at age 65, and that of employed women at age 60, i.e., in both cases at state pension age. In fact, these peaks mostly occur in the exact birthday month: a man who is employed directly before his 65th birthday has a 45.38% risk of stopping to work within one month. When looking at a woman, the exit risks are 11.78% in the month of her 60th and 19.49% in the month of her 65th birthday. This suggests that pension schemes have strong incentive effects. The return to work probability for men is approximately twice as high as that for women until about age 57 when returns become rare for both sexes. I also find that men and women who have ever contributed to, or received money from, an occupational pension scheme are much more likely to return to work than those who have not. When I considered differences in these risks among men and women using multivariate regression models, there were several clear findings which are to be interpreted 'other things being equal'. First, there are no significant differences between single people and those with a partner in the probability of exiting or re-entering employment. Second, people who gained a lot of employment experience prior to their 40th birthday have a lower risk of exiting employment and higher chances of re-entering employment between ages 40 and 70, but the effects for women are not that large. Third, women generally make fewer exits or returns if regional unemployment is high. Fourth, people in poor or very poor health have a much higher risk of exiting employment and a much lower risk of returning to work, with effects that are larger than found in previous studies on UK and US men. Fifth, for women, occupational pension membership is associated with a higher labour market participation while for men the effects are opposite or not significant. Sixth, women who have ever had a child have a lower risk of exiting employment, which is contrary to what one may have expected. Seventh, as in earlier literature, earning capacity does not seem to be an important determinant of labour market exit or entry, but the benefit entitlement has important effects on the return probability: the higher the benefit entitlement, the lower the probability to return to the labour market. These effects are again larger than found in earlier studies. Summing up, health status and benefit entitlement are the two most important determinants of retirement. Finally, I also find that among women the share of 'movers', i.e., of individuals with a higher risk of making transitions out of and back to employment given the same values of the observed explanatory variables, is twice as high as among men.


We present a novel lens system with high-resolution and wide field-of-view for 3D image capture. A depth-from-defocus algorithm is implemented to reconstruct 3D object and matched with a fused image to create a 3D view.


Drying is a required operation in timber manufacturing industries. Most drying processes utilise convective kilns, which involve coupling between transient heat and mass (moisture content) transfer in solids and convection in a flowing medium. In the present work, the flow field in the kiln is determined using a system approach based on a general head loss equation, whereas the coupling between transient heat and mass transfer in the timber is accomplished by a solution of a local differential model across the timber stack. The scheme is applied to study the effects of distinct geometric kiln configurations and air flow temperatures upon drying rates and moisture content.


The world is changing rapidly. Much more rapidly than many of us realise. I am convinced that the next thirty years, the world of water management will change more significantly than perhaps the la...


We define an extension of λ-calculus with linear combinations of terms, with coefficients taken in a fixed rig R. We extend β-reduction on these terms as follows: at + u reduces to at + u as soon as term t reduces to t and a is a non-zero scalar. We prove that reduction is confluent. Under the assumption that R is a positive rig (i.e. a sum of scalars is zero iff all of them are zero), we show that this algebraic λ-calculus is a conservative extension of ordinary λ-calculus: two ordinary λ-terms equalized by the reduction of algebraic λ-calculus are β-equal. Last, we prove that under some reasonably minimal conditions on R, simply typed algebraic λ-terms are strongly normalizing. Preliminary definitions and notations. Let R be a rig. We denote by letters a, b, c the elements of R. We say that R is positive if for all a, b ∈ R, a + b = 0 implies a = 0 and b = 0. An example of positive rig is N, the set of natural numbers. We write R for R \ {0}. If i, j ∈ N, we write [i, j] for the set {k ∈ N; i ≤ k ≤ j}. Also, we write λ-terms à la Krivine: (s) t denotes the application of term s to term t.


In shape optimization problems, generating variously shaped designs is an important task. In this study, a new design method called the flattening-based morphing method, which can create various designs efficiently based on baseline objects, is proposed. In the flattening-based method, anchor points are defined for each baseline object to set correspondence among the baseline objects, and each baseline object is mapped to 2D parametric space in a way that places all corresponding anchor points of the baseline objects at the same location. Then, remeshing is carried out to make the baseline objects' mesh topologically identical in the parametric space. After these remeshed baseline objects are parameterized back to the physical space, the morphed object is created by computing the positions of its vertices as a weighted sum of the baseline meshes' vertices. When the flattening-based morphing method is applied to find the optimal shape of a blended-wing body aircraft using an artificial neural network (ANN), the aerodynamic performance enhanced optimal model with an appropriate loading capacity is successfully achieved using three baseline models. The simulation results of the baseline models and optimization results are also provided in the current study.


In cell manufacturing, the establishment of a fully automated, microfluidic, cell culture system that can be used for long-term cell cultures, as well as for process optimization is highly desirable. This study reports the development of a novel chip bioreactor system that can be used for automated long-term maturation cultures of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The system consists of an incubation unit, a medium supply unit, a culture observation unit, and a control unit. In the incubation unit, the chip contains a closed culture vessel (2.5 mm diameter, working volume 9.1 μL), which can be set to 37 °C and 5% CO 2 , and uses a gas-permeable resin (poly- dimethylsiloxane) as the vessel wall. RPE cells were seeded at 5.0 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 and the medium was changed every day by introducing fresh medium using the medium supply unit. Culture solutions were stored either in the refrigerator or the freezer, and fresh medium was prepared before any medium change by warming to 37 °C and mixing. Automated culture was allowed to continue for 30 days to allow maturation of the RPE cells. This chip culture system allows for the long-term, bubble-free, culture of RPE cells, while also being able to observe cells in order to elucidate their cell morphology or show the presence of tight junctions. This culture system, along with an integrated on-line monitoring system, can therefore be applied to long-term cultures of RPE cells, and should contribute to process control in RPE cell manufacturing.


In this note we give two simple methods for calculating the volume of any closed bounded polyhedron in R' having an orientable boundary which is triangulated into a set of (n - 1)-dimensional simplices. The formulas given require only coordinates of the vertices of the polyhedron. 1. Introduction. The purpose of this note is to give two simple methods for calculating the volume of any closed bounded polyhedron P in R' having an orientable boundary aP which is triangulated into a set T of (n - 1)-dimensional simplices. Following Hadwiger (2), we define a polyhedron to be the union of pairwise disjoint convex polyhedra, each of which is the convex hull of a finite number of points. In (1) we have described an algorithm for obtaining a piecewise linear manifold which closely approximates an implicitly defined manifold. If P has been given in such a way, then the affine pieces of aP are in general easy to triangulate with an inherited orientation. For polyhedra P which are determined by a given system of inequalities, methods and programs for triangulating P have been given in (5), (6). For such polyhedra, a triangulation of the boundary is not easily available, so our method is inappropriate. Of course, our approach would also be unnecessary for computing the volume of a parallelotope. Practical applications of the methods given here may be made to the approxima- tion of an area bounded by an implicitly defined curve or to approximation of the volume of a solid which is bounded by an implicitly defined surface. Although some formulas for the volume of convex polyhedra in Rn appear in the literature (e.g., (3)), these formulas generally require the computation of the (n - 1)- volume of the facets and additionally they involve extra computations of certain distances. The volume formulas we give here involve only the coordinates of the vertices of P.


This paper describes challenges encountered in the development of IBM's /spl mu/Laminate/sup TM/ PBGA. The implementation of a new product line was based on the factories in place to ramp production with extensions to base technology. Lessons learned in the product development are focused to provide an introspective look at organization and approaches. Solutions to the challenges cited are specific to the IBM product line and structure of the Endicott and Bromont facilities, but are also inherent to the PBGA product itself and should be applicable to other tools and designs. Specific areas discussed include the product development process vehicle decisions, the laminate development and ramp, bond and assembly development, and concludes with recommendations from the experience.


Near-infrared distributed-feedback laser sources and system for measuring the concentration of different gases are reported. This gas sensing system can be applied to environmental and industrial process monitoring using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS).


A low voltage, low power CMOS delay element is proposed. With unit CMOS inverter load, the delay from 2ns to 10¿s is achieved with the power consumption less than 30pW/MHz in 0.8¿m CMOS technology. Based on the CMOS thyristor concept, the delay value of the proposed element can be designed in a wide range with the control current. The designed delay value is less sensitive to the supply voltage variation and temperature than those of RC or CMOS inverter based delay elements.


The study aims to determine the influence of compensation on motivation and employee performance in the MSMEs production of sanan tempeh chips. This research is a type of explanatory research. The research method quantitatively uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS) approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews using questionnaires, and field observations while secondary data were obtained through literature studies from various related sources. Selected 60 samples with simple random sampling technique as respondents in this study. The results showed that compensation had a positive and significant effect on motivation. Compensation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Then motivation has a positive and significant influence on employee performance.


With the recent emphasis on R&D cooperation, a joint R&D consortium is emerging around the world in various industrial and academic fields. This paper analyzes real cases of collaborative R&D activities called IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative) which is EU's collaborative R&D program in pharmaceutical field. Through the social network analysis on IMI project consortia, this study try to observe the unique network properties of pharmaceutical collaborative R&D network. Based on the SNA, this study concludes major network property of IMI as a 'disproportion network' dominated by several multinational pharmaceutical companies with high centrality. Using the high centrality of pharmaceutical companies, this paper suggests strategy for network development which is mainly about consolidating functions of pharmaceutical companies in running IMI network.


Systems and methods that facilitate the hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) scheduling and coordination are described in a wireless communication system. Network node as described herein, allows for cooperation with the other nodes for communication to the individual user is coordinated cooperation strategies across on the basis of H-ARQ protocol to be used for a given user node It may booting. In the case of synchronous H-ARQ protocol, communication is initially transmitted to the user are performed cooperatively material without inter-node cooperation may be scheduled as disclosed herein so that the transmissions are performed. In the case of H-ARQ protocol using a continuous allocation, the transmission interval may be calculated and used based on the latency requirements of the application, the backhaul link latency, or other factors. In the case of an asynchronous H-ARQ protocol, the repeated transmission can be performed based on the boot latency sensitivity of an application associated coordinated in the same manner as the initial transmission, or without inter-node cooperation.


The growth in international research on public service motivation (PSM) raises a number of important questions about the degree to which the theory and research developed in one country can contribute to our understanding of PSM in other counties. To help address this issue, this study revisits the conceptual and operational definitions of PSM to address weaknesses previously noted in the literature. Although some important steps have been taken to both improve and internationalize the PSM scale, this work has been done incrementally. In contrast, this study takes a more systematic and comprehensive approach by combining the efforts of international PSM scholars to develop and then test a revised measurement instrument for PSM in 12 countries. Although the resulting four dimensional 16-item measure of PSM reported here provides a better theoretical and empirical foundation for the measurement of PSM, our results suggest that the exact meaning and scaling of PSM dimensions are likely to differ across cultures and languages. These results raise serious concerns regarding the ability to develop a single universal scale of PSM, or making direct comparisons of PSM across countries. Its earlier versions were delivered at the Annual Conference of the European Group for Public Administration, Toulouse, France, September 8–10, 2010, and at the 11th National Public Management Research Conference at Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, June 2–4, 2011. Address correspondence to the author at smook@


I describe my experiences regarding the maintenance of a group Testudo kleinmanni in the northern part of Germany. Starting in 1999 with 2, and in 2000 with 3 additional hatchlings for raising under my care, I have not changed the composition of my group. For the last 4 years I obtain hatchlings from this group at every year. I provide detailed data regarding the keeping conditions, like housing, feeding, aestivating, breeding, and raising. Furthermore I give advice on how to avoid health problems.


A 3-year-old child is evaluated for leukocoria (white pupil) of the right eye. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed the presence of a mass behind the lens. Surgical removal of the right eye was performed.


The paper introduced the influence of distribution of gas timing on engine dynamics and economics,and analyzed the structure and work principle of Mazda changed valve timing mechanism.


Dr. B. A. Satterthwaite, o^Lima, Ohio, has recently sent us a fine specimen of what might really be called continuous gum. The entire palital arch, is covered by continuous gum. Throwing aside as Dr. Loomis recommends metallic plates of every kind The teeth, however, which Dr. Satterthwaite uses in his work is not carved _n the material itself; but like continuous gum work, they are single teeth, incorporated in the body before baking, and ap pear to be without back straps or any thing of the kind, indeed there is nothing to fasten back straps to. D. S. says, he issatisfied he can make such work to fit the mouth, perhaps equal to gold plate. Still as with Dr. Loomis's plan, we can not think they will prove sufficiently strong ; if so, we see no reason why Dr, Alien's method should not be abundantly so, for we have the additional strength of the metallic plate, also an outer and inner rim of the same. Dr. S., we would further remark, is still urging on his experiments in the manufac ture of teeth, and from a set of gum teeth which he recently sent us, we infer that his ultimate design, is to carry off a big premium before long ; these teeth bear the marks of great strength, naturalness of shape, and transparency of body, his gum is also finely colored. We know not to what extent he is manu facturing, yet we feel assured he is laboring to excel. We are asked by two or three of our subscribers, do you still use Dr. Al len's continuous gum work ? We answer, we do. There are many cases where we think it fulfills a better purpose than any thing else. There are also many cases where we prefer gold work and single teeth. We believe the latter will bear more hard falls and usage than the former. Yet when the other is put up as we now do it, rimmed inside and outside, and the body well fused, and let cool in the furnace, it is sufficiently strong for most of cases when proper care is taken, and it is certainly when neatly executed, beau tiful, sweet and cleanly. Yet when imperfect it may become as offensive as any other. Time is testing its utility; and experience and American ingenuity, we hope, will make it more perfect, and before long we hope the court will de cide on right and priority of discovery.


In his last years, Otto Rank turned his lifetime of thought and learning toward two of the most difficult topics in human history: religion and the soul. The result was his now classic work, presented here in an English translation. Unlike many other intellectuals of the 20th century, Rank maintains a place for the soul rather than dismissing it as a fantasy. The soul and the beliefs about it, he argues, set forth the foundation for psychology, with its complex analysis of consciousness, self-consciousness and personality. Rank's commentary is not limited to beliefs about individual souls but includes ideas about group souls, sometimes encompassing nations or generations. Rank suggests that it is in the expression of group belief that the idea of the soul attains its greatest power. Richter and Lieberman's new translation of "Psychology and the Soul" is a major contribution to our understanding not only of psychology and psychoanalysis but also of modern Western culture. While perhaps not Rank's best-known work, it is one of his most important in its critique of Freud and its attempt to define psychology's true concerns.


The use of photovoltaic (PV) panels has increased rapidly in the last few years and as a result has become one of the main sources of renewable energy. In this context, it is important to understand in detail how a PV panel reacts to different environmental conditions and how these affect total performance. An experiment has been designed to investigate the performance of a PV panel under various highly non-uniform temperature and irradiance profiles, generated by artificial lighting. Measurements of irradiance and temperature distribution are related to measured I–V curves and used as input to the five-parameter model. The results show the limitations of the model to emulate the PV response under such extreme conditions and provide useful insights about the effect of the temperature profile on the PV performance.


Purpose of the Study: To evaluate the relationship between a case manager-led pneumonia care bundle at skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and 30-day hospital readmissions for pneumonia. Primary Practice Settings: The primary practice settings included patients hospitalized with pneumonia at 2 community hospitals between October 2018 and June 2019 and who were subsequently transferred to an SNF. Methodology and Sample: A retrospective cohort study was completed comparing patients in the preintervention cohort who received pneumonia standard of care versus patients in the postintervention cohort who received a case manager-led evidence-based pneumonia care bundle at an SNF. From October 2018 to June 2019, patients admitted with pneumonia to 2 community hospitals in Northwest New Jersey were enrolled in the preintervention cohort. Patients admitted with pneumonia from January 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled in the postintervention group. The primary outcome was to reduce 30-day readmission rates for all patients discharged from the hospital to an SNF with pneumonia. Results: Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in the preintervention cohort and 34 patients were enrolled in the postinterventions cohort. Thirty-day readmission rates were lower in the postintervention cohort (24.2% vs. 17.7%). This reduction in readmission rates was clinically significant, demonstrating a 27% reduction for all patients discharged from the hospital to an SNF with pneumonia. Implications for Case Management Practice: Individualized pneumonia self-management education can be easily implemented in SNFs to improve quality-of-care outcomes for patients. Our health care system collaborates with several SNFs to decrease 30-day hospital readmission. The pneumonia care bundle includes specific measures to improve the transition of care for patients with pneumonia by decreasing the variability of patient care after discharge from the hospital to an SNF. It was hypothesized that to decrease readmissions from the SNFs, we needed to address the quality of care provided by the SNFs by using a 2-prong approach; education of SNF staff on the pneumonia care bundle, and in-person weekly follow-up visits in the SNF until discharge from the SNF to the patient's home.


We determine, via classroom proofs, the maximal ideal space, the Bass stable rank as well as the topological and dense stable rank of the uniform closure of all complex-valued functions continuously differentiable on neighborhoods of a compact planar set 𝐾 and holomorphic in the interior 𝐾∘ of 𝐾. In this spirit, we also give elementary approaches to the calculation of these stable ranks for some classical function algebras on 𝐾.


Word spotting is the process of retrieving all instances of a queried keyword from a digital library of document images. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different word descriptors to assess the advantages and disadvantages of statistical and structural models in a framework of query-by-example word spotting in historical documents. We compare four word representation models, namely sequence alignment using DTW as a baseline reference, a bag of visual words approach as statistical model, a pseudo-structural model based on a Loci features representation, and a structural approach where words are represented by graphs. The four approaches have been tested with two collections of historical data: the George Washington database and the marriage records from the Barcelona Cathedral. We experimentally demonstrate that statistical representations generally give a better performance, however it cannot be neglected that large descriptors are difficult to be implemented in a retrieval scenario where word spotting requires the indexation of data with million word images.


The quantum yield for the production of NO3 in the N2O5 photolysis at 248 nm was measured to be unity. The concentration of NO3 produced upon photolysis was measured using 662-nm laser absorption. The quantum yields for O(3P) production in the photolysis of N2O5 at 248 nm, 266 nm, 287 nm, and 289 nm were also measured using resonance fluorescence detection of O(3P). The quantum yield for O(3P) decreased from 0.7 at 248 nm to 0.15 at 289 nm. It is postulated that N2O5 photolysis at wavelengths less than 298 nm yields NO3 + NO + O(3P)in addition to NO3 + NO2.


Hunan prose creation in 2014 has made great achievements,and personalized expression is its distinctive mark,which contains two important aspects: in thought and emotion,personalized emotional experience and personalized thinking of real life are its highlights; in terms of style,its historical and cultural taste is unique and its narrative techniques are different.


Abstract Introduction One of the most important health problems today is cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of yarrow (Y) with known anticarcinogenic effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). Materials and Methods The above-ground part (300 g) of Y was macerated with water and extracted three times for 24 hours at 37°C in a shaking water bath. In the study, EAT cells were divided into control, DMSO group 5-FU, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml YP groups. Results At the end of the hour, it was observed that total apoptosis increased significantly in Y groups (especially 50 μg/ml) compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was observed that Y slowed the division of EAT cells (especially 800 μg/ml) by stopping the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage. It was concluded that Y (especially at high doses) triggered apoptosis by significantly increasing the percentage of total depolarized cells (p<0.001) in all three time periods. Conclusions The results obtained showed that Y extract may have an antitumoral effect on EAT cells. It is thought that this study will contribute to studies on cancer treatment.


Background Adults with neuromuscular diseases like spinal muscular atrophy or Duchenne muscular dystrophy require full-time use of a wheelchair (WC) and perform all activities of daily living in a sitting position. Optimal configuration of the WC and seating system is essential to maintain the health and quality of life of users. However, few recommendations for configuration exist. The aim of this study was to identify and select 10 WC seating criteria that ensure an optimal sitting posture for health and quality of life. Methods A four round Delphi method was used to collect the opinions of WC users and health professionals (HP), separately. First, the HP were asked if they believed that different criteria would apply to each disease. Then the HP and SMA II and DMD WC user experts responded to electronic surveys in 4 rounds. Results Overall, 74 experts took part: 31 HP, 21 WC users with SMA II and 22 WC users with DMD. In total, 52% of HP believed that different criteria would apply to each disease. Ten criteria were identified by the HP for SMA II and 10 for DMD. Of the 40 criteria selected, 30 (75%) were common to each panel. Six topics were similar across panels: comfort, access to the joystick, prevention of pain, stability, pressure management and power seat functions. However, power seat functions did not reach consensus between HP and WC users (30–33% of agreement for HP and 93–100% for the WC user panels, p < 0.001). Conclusion Adults with SMA II and DMD had similar WC seating needs. Therefore, the same recommendations can be applied to these groups. Further research is necessary to understand the impact of cost on the prescription of power seat functions by health professionals.


was not universal. Identifying the characteristics of injury for older adults should be prioritized, with stepwise approaches to reduce the injury rather than injury prevention strategies. These findings underscore the importance of an injury surveillance systems that provides statistics to identify risk factors and causes of injury and injury-related events. Therefore, characteristics of injuries for older adults analyzed in this study will provide useful evidence for future research.


This process is designed for the auditor when registering a car accident do it in an easy to use and fast. It is worth mentioning that the audit was doing it manually and record information took time and not for the accident was recorded. With mobile auditing we avoid the information is wrong and adulterated. This process is designed modules where the auditor may record the notification of the accident, information rugged and vehicle information in an orderly fashion. It is also designed web management modules to help the administrator in handling the accident notification, information rugged, vehicle information and users.


Turbulence modifications over a rough wall with spanwise-varying roughness are investigated at a moderate Reynolds number Reτ ≈ 2000 (or Reθ ≈ 6400), using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hotwire anemometry. The rough wall is comprised of spanwise-alternating longitudinal sandpaper strips of two different roughness heights. The ratio of high- and low-roughness heights is 8, and the ratio of high- and low-roughness strip width is 0.5. PIV measurements are conducted in a wall-parallel plane located in the logarithmic region, while hotwire measurements are made throughout the entire boundary layer in a cross-stream plane. In a time-average sense, large-scale counter-rotating roll-modes are observed in the cross-stream plane over the rough wall, with downwash and upwash common-flows displayed over the high- and low-roughness strips, respectively. Meanwhile, elevated and reduced streamwise velocities occur over the high- and low-roughness strips, respectively. Significant modifications in the distributions of mean vorticities and Reynolds stresses are observed, exhibiting features of spatial preference. Furthermore, spatial correlations and conditional average analyses are performed to examine the alterations of turbulence structures over the rough wall, revealing that the time-invariant structures observed are resultant from the time-average process of instantaneous turbulent events that occur mostly and preferentially in space.


Methods and results. The presence of tannins has been found using conventional qualitative reactions. Polyphenols content has been determined by permanganatometry. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of tannins in herbal drugs has been determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The presence of tannins mostly of condensed group has been determined. Accumulation of polyphenols in leaves of sweet and super sweet corn has been determined by permanganatometry. The highest content of polyphenols in the columns with stigmas has been found in super sweet corn. The presence of 8 compounds has been determined in the leaves and corn stigmas by high performance liquid chromatography: gallic acid, ellagic acid, galocatehin, epicatechin, catechin, epigalocatehin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate. Conclusions. This demonstrates the rich polyphenolic composition of raw material of Zea mays and possibility to use it for the creation of drugs and specialty foods.


Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) help in delivering spare parts within short lead times and thus avoid maintaining huge inventories. Companies exploring opportunities to produce spare parts using AM face challenges in identifying suitable spare parts. Moreover, a single method may not be applicable for all companies. An idiosyncratic approach needs to be adopted by considering the characteristics of parts in the portfolio. This study follows a design science approach to address an evident research gap by developing a process to identify spare parts suitable for AM. The case data were analysed using multi-criteria decision-making and cluster analysis techniques. The research contributes by developing and demonstrating a methodology to identify spare parts suitable for AM from a portfolio of a large number of spare parts, where adequate discrimination was not obtained by ranking all parts together. The study develops generic guidelines for spare parts selection for AM and outline the generalizability of the proposed methodology beyond the domain of part selection for AM.


Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that both fatty acids and androgens have a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). Plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) is a transporter of medium and long chain fatty acids (MCFA and LCFA) across the plasma membrane, and is identical to the mitochondrial protein aspartate aminotransferase (mAAT) that is regulated by testosterone only in prostate epithelial cells, a site where PC initially develops. We therefore hypothesized that FABPpm is also regulated by androgens.


The in-medium modification of the spectral function of the $\eta'$ meson with and without the spatial momentum is studied with the $T\rho$ approximation by employing two phenomenological models for the $\eta'N$ scattering; one is called coupled channels model and the other the $N(1895)$-dominance model. In the former model, the $\eta'N$ scattering amplitude is calculated in the unitarized coupled-channel approach involving the $\eta'N$ channel, while in the latter model the $\eta'N$ scattering process is dominated by the $N(1895)$ resonance with the spin and parity $J^P=1/2^-$. In the \com{coupled channels model}, one single peak of the in-medium $\eta'$ mode appears in the spectral function and the peak position shifts to higher energies along with the increase of the nuclear density reflecting the repulsive $\eta'N$ scattering length of the unitarized coupled-channel amplitude. On the other hand, two branches related to the $\eta'$ and $N(1895)$-hole modes appear in the $N(1895)$-dominance model. In both models, the shift of the peak position and the width in the spectral function are a few tens of MeV at the normal nuclear density for the $\eta'$ meson at rest in the nuclear medium. Once the spatial momentum is turned on, the peak positions in the spectral function approach the energies without the nuclear medium effect. Particularly, in the $N(1895)$-dominance model, the peak strength of the $N(1895)$-hole mode gets smaller with the finite momentum and the spectral function comes to have one single peak.


A trend analysis on the fluoride concentrations in the surface and groundwater at monitoring sites in the lower reaches of the Coega River has been carried out. This was to provide background concentrations of fluoride for reference purposes and to provide input to the environmental management plan for the construction and operation of the planned aluminium smelter within the Coega industrial development zone (IDZ). Data from the Coega Water Quality Monitoring (WQM) programme, covering a three year monitoring period was examined for obvious spatial and temporal trends in fluoride concentration. A synopsis of the characteristics and occurrence of fluoride in the environment is given, and activities within the Coega IDZ that may result in increased fluoride loading in the environment are described. The investigation concluded that the relatively high average concentration of fluoride in the waters is not a result of contamination, but is natural in occurrence. The only significant variation in concentration is following periods of above average rainfall. Recommendations are made to modify the fluoride criteria for this catchment with respect to the target water quality range. The investigation highlights the value of routine water quality monitoring within a catchment over a long time period. In the case of the Coega River catchment, and the IDZ demarcated around the Ngqura Harbour currently under construction, such monitoring prior to the establishment of industry is essential to provide baseline qualitative and quantitative data for comparative purposes.


OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sugar-coat on the content determination of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablets. METHODS: The sugar-coat solution was scanned by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at the detection wavelength of 200~400 nm. The content of samples from 4 manufacturers with or without shelling sugar-coat were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at detection wavelength of 254 nm respectively. t-test of samples was also conducted. RESULTS: Sugar-coat solution had no absorbance over the range of 200~400 nm. There was no remarkable difference in the content of samples between the two methods (P0.05). CONCLUSION: The sugar-coat had no effect on the content determination of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablets. The content of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablets can be determined without shelling sugar-coat.


Impurities are either naturally occurring or added during synthesis of a chemical or commercial product. During production, impurities may be purposely, accidentally, inevitably, or incidentally added into the substance.


: A nonlinear robot plant that incorporates robot manipulator dynamics as well as implementation of observer to estimate unmeasured states is proposed in this paper. The robot manipulator operates in the robot task space in lifting the object at a defined place and at a specified angle. Computer simulations are performed to verify feasibility of robot manipulator along with the implemented observer. The experiments show that the proposed work produces good tracking performances in estimating the states yielding conspicuously improved performance. Computationally this method is very elegant.


In early 2020 a wide range of social and economic restrictions were implemented in most countries in response to the global coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19). This paper uses national electricity generation data to examine the extent to which overall British electricity consumption deviated from 'normal' consumption patterns during the UK's spring lockdown period, and how the combination of consumption reduction and variation in carbon intensity affected greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) associated with electricity consumption. The paper shows that ongoing trends in the reduction of electricity demand and generation carbon intensity mean that lower year-on-year demand and lower emissions would have been expected even in the absence of Covid-19. Controlling for this, the paper estimates lockdown-driven below-trend electricity reductions of up to 20% in the morning peak period, 11% in the daytime and 9% in the evening peak period in April, declining to 6%, 4% and 4%, respectively, by June. These correspond to marked reductions in morning (06:00–08:00 hours) and daytime demand during all restriction periods studied, but relatively smaller reductions in evening demand, and some evidence of a relative increase on Friday and Saturday evenings. Practice relevance The observed changes in demand are likely to be repeated in future national or local restriction periods and provide insights of value for grid and local distribution network management. This is especially true if such restrictions are required in spring 2021, as looks increasingly likely, but are also relevant to the winter 2020–21 heating season, which is likely to exacerbate the demand for electric heating, although gas remains the dominant heating fuel source in homes. However, unlike fossil fuel-based transport, the changes observed do not translate to direct emissions reductions due to the mixture of fuels used to generate electricity in Britain. Electricity generation emissions were either close to or above the trend during this period, and the effect is especially noticeable for the traditionally carbon-intensive evening peak period.


The oxidation mass gain test at the temperature range of 650?950 ℃ in different times were carried out on the cemented carbide coated by multilayer TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method.The phase component and microstructure of coating samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that,when the outset layer is α-Al2O3,the sample exhibits excellent oxidation resistance.The oxidation resistance of TiN/TiCN/κ-Al2O3/TiN multilayer coating sample is improved with the increase of the thickness of TiCN and κ-Al2O3.The oxidation product of TiN and TiCN layer is rutile TiO2 when the temperature is higher than 600 ℃,and the interface of TiN/TiCN disappears.The κ-Al2O3 transforms to α-Al2O3 when the oxidation temperature is above 900 ℃.


Abstrak: Salting fish is a food a reatively cheap and has good nutritional content. Request Fish every day and the city of Pekanbaru Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Kecamatan Tanah Putih is quite higt, many buyers who buy fish to be used as a side dish food suplplement that can increase profits for businesses dried fish. This study aims to determine how much cost is issued the pocess of salted fish to the fish processing buiness profit in the District of South Sedinginan. This research used primary data obtained from direct interview. Responden were interviewed are entrepreneurs household fish processing industry in the District of South Sedinginan with a sample of 30 respondents amounted to the designated purpose. Data analysis techhniques used are qualitative descriptive. Research findings indicate operated processing home industry become fish anchovies every month issued a cover fee of Rp.2.617.202 while home industry acceptance emounted Rp.3.953.333. General operating profit home industry of salted fish processing is Rp.1.336.13. Key Word :,Cost, business Profit, home industry salted fish


This paper explores the use and evaluation of external information sources in consumer decision-making. Information sources were evaluated by respondents according to six possible applications for the information-based on information use and hierarchical levels in the decision process. The research setting is nonprofit retirement apartments and the subjects are recent movers to those apartments. The empirical findings of this study have marketing implications for marketers of nonprofit retirement housing and social service agencies serving the elderly. They also suggest further research for other nonprofit marketers.


This study includes the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh.B) employing a heterogeneous photocatalytic process by using ZnO nanoparticles that was prepared by green sol-gel process. The structural, morphological, and its optical properties of ZnO Photocatalyst was studied using different characterization techniques such as Xray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), The influencing factors studied were the amount of the catalyst, the concentration of dye and pH on photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B. The experiments were carried out by irradiating the aqueous solutions of dyes containing photocatalysts with Sunlight. The rate of decolorization was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically. Similar experiments were carried out by varying pH (3–11), amount of catalyst (0.25–2.0 g/L) and initial concentration of dye (5–50 mg/L). The experimental results indicated that the maximum degradation (71%) of dyes was achieved using ZnO photocatalyst at pH 10 after 240 min.


Abstract Several extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, solid phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer, matrix solid phase dispersion, and supercritical fluid extraction were evaluated for the isolation and purification of phenolic compounds, e.g., benzoic acids from natural samples of Melissa officinalis. The extracts of benzoic acids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reversed phase modus (C18 column) and under gradient elution (acetonitrile/0.074 mol/L formic acid). The results showed that the recovery rates of gallic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid from biological materials by MSPD was equivalent with and, in fact, higher than that of conventional extraction methods.


METRO-HAUL Targets the design and the building of a smart optical metro infrastructure able to support traffic originating from 5G New Radio (5G NR) networks, addressing the anticipated capacity increase and its specific characteristics e.g. mobility, low latency, low jitter, etc. This infrastructure will also support a wide variety of services and use cases with special emphasis on services from various industries vertical to the ICT.


important effect on the exchange of heat and water by the eggs. Differences in the patterns of water exchange reported for reptile eggs can be attributed to quantitative differences in the thermal regimes in which the eggs are incubated. The greater the thermal conductivity of the substrate in which eggs are incubating, the more water the eggs will take up under wet conditions and the less water they will lose under dry conditions. Large eggs will be more strongly buffered against water exchange than small eggs and, in similar conditions, they will exchange relatively less water than small eggs. The effect is due to the relationships between egg mass, surface area and water vapor conductance. In this respect, an egg clutch may be viewed as a very large egg which will be much less sensitive to its hydric environment than a single, smaller egg. Temperature and water vapor pressure differences existing inside egg clutches will determine the exchange of heat and water within the clutch and influence the exchange between the clutch and the substrate surrounding it.


A novel three-phase to four-phase or two-phase balance transformer connected in Y and double trapezoids has been presented.Three phase three-leg core is adopted in this transformer.Three systems consist of the primary windings connected in Y.The secondary windings are connected by the closed double trapezoids so that the third harmonic currents can flow,so voltages are approximate sine waves.Two trapezoids are the same in shape and hold a common winding as the bottom side,while the midpoint of the common winding is the ground of four phase systems.Four apexes of double trapezoids compose four phase or two phase systems.This paper expounds the principle,the connected scheme and basic equations of this transformer.The current relationships of the primary windings and second windings are derived from the basic equations.The balance condition,i.e.,the neutral current in the primary side is zero,and the relationships of short impedances are presented.This transformer is simple in structure of iron-core and windings,and its material utilization ratio is 100%.This transformer may be utilized to either four-phase transmission systems or autotransformer (AT) traction power supply systems in electric railways.


In this paper, we provide some results on Poisson manifold (M, Π) with contravariant Levi–Civita connection D associated to pair (Π, g). We introduce the notion of Einstein Poisson warped product space (M = B × f F, Π, g f ) (where Π = Π1 + Π2). Moreover, we show that if M is an Einstein Poisson warped product space with nonpositive scalar curvature and compact base B, J 1 is a field endomorphism on T*B satisfies J12=I , then M is simply a Riemannian Poisson product. For a contravariant Lorentzian Poisson warped space (M = B × f F, g, Π) (where B=I×R ) one can determine contravariant Einstein equations and the cosmological constant Λ corresponding to the contravariant Einstein equation G = −Λg. Moreover, it is shown that Einstein equation G = −Λg, induces the contravariant Einstein equation GFij=−ΛFgFij with cosmological constant Λ F on fiber space (F, g F , Π F ).


Income inequality is detrimental to economic development because of its direct linkage to crimes, political unrest and corruption. This study analyzed the contributions of different sources of income to inequality in the South Africa's Limpopo River Basin. The data used were for 704 households that provided information on sources of their income. The decomposition method proposed by Stark et al (1996) was used. The results show that incomes from crops, livestock and non-farm assets constitute the highest proportions of rural households' income. Inequality is generally high in all the districts with Rustenburg and Witrivier having the highest Gini coefficients. Out of the income sources, crop and livestock sources increased inequality. It was recommended that efforts to redress inequality should include promotion of non-farm enterprises and ensuring conducive environment for people to work in any part of the country without fear of molestation irrespective of race, among others. (Abayomi Samuel Oyekale, Sibongile Sylvia Vutela-Tekana. A Factor Component Analysis of the Sources of Income Inequality in the Limpopo River Basin of South Africa. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):720-725) (ISSN:1097- 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 101


The aims of this research is analyze the effect ofcorporate governance to firm performance of non financial services industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used as many 37 companies period 2010-2014. The dependent variable in this research is the firm performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), while the independent variable are ownership concentration, managerial ownership, board size, CEO family, agency costs (asset turnover and expense ratio), firm size and leverage (long term debt to total assets and long term debt to equity ratio). The analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results show that there is a positive influence between the agency cost, firm size and leverage to firm performance, there is also negative influence between the agency costs and leverage to firm performance, and there is no influence between ownership concentration, managerial ownership, board size, CEO family to firm performance.


Abstract The present article explores the internal debates, tension, and controversies at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem over academic collaborations with and fundraising in West Germany between 1959 and 1965. In our estimation, a key to understanding this freighted topic is the way The Hebrew University perceived itself, especially in comparison to Israel's other major academic institution at the time – the Weizmann Institute. Not only did the university assume the mantle of an advanced research center, but considered itself a national body that represents and symbolizes the State of Israel and the entire Jewish People.


A survey and comparison of some computational methods and algorithms for gamma and log-gamma functions of complex arguments are presented. Methods and algorithms reported include Chebyshev approximations, Pade expansion and Stirling's asymptotic series. The comparison leads to the conclusion that Algorithm 421 published in the Communications of ACM by H. Kuki is the best program either for individual application or for the inclusion in subroutine libraries.


Abstract Pyrimido[4,5- d ]pyrimidine derivatives 4 have been prepared in an efficient and regioselective manner in water via multi-component reaction of isothiocyanate 1 , aromatic aldehyde 2 , N,N -dimethyl-6-amino uracil 3 in the presence of p- toluenesulfonic acid ( p- TSA) as a Lewis acid catalyst.