Spatially optical multiplexer from a quasi-linear optical fiber waveguide assigned to a separate wavelength band, or the like of this separate wavelength band multiplexed into a common optical waveguide element or other purposes. This optical multiplexer can be used for dense channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, and compact design of fiber optics communications. Transmitted in a multi-wavelength optical fiber waveguide is divided into a plurality of individual optical fibers directed to a carrier or a narrow band detector. The optical element having an optical port via a port for the multi-wavelength collimated light, and a plurality of optical elements spaced along the surface of each of the multi-port. A continuously variable thickness multi-cavity interference filter (22) extends on the optical element surface as many ports (20), to cover the plurality of ports. In each of the plurality of ports, a continuous interference filter transmits a different sub-range of the multi-wavelength collimated light through the optical port, and reflects other wavelengths. Port of the optical element from the optical incident polychromatic light is guided to a first plurality of ports positioned on opposite sides of the optical element in. Continuously variable thickness interference filter (22) so that a partial "in-band" wavelength sub-range is transmitted through the first port and reflects all other wavelengths. Reflected light is not transmitted through the first port (16) to a second port, a second port transmitting a second (different) wavelength band and reflects all other wavelengths again. Thus, the reflected optical signal to the optical multiplexer stepped downward transmission element (10) into a "multi-reflection" sequence, separate each channel multiplexed signal sequence. When the reverse operation, the optical elements were combined in a single channel, and allowed to pass through the optical port.


Objective:
To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of cataract phacoemulsification combined with astigmatism in patients implanted with AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric MIOLs.

Methods:
This was a prospective analysis. Fifty patients (82 eyes) underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with astigmatism correction with IOL implants in Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing. The patients were followed up for 1 year to assess uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, LogMAR), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA, LogMAR), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA, LogMAR), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA, LogMAR), best corrected intermediate visual acuity (BCIVA, LogMAR), best corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA, LogMAR), defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (CS), total eye aberrations, estimated residual astigmatism and analysis of axis deviation of the artificial IOL, and spectacle independence preoperatively and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Data were analyzed by repeated measured analysis of variance.

Results:
Postoperative vision was better than preoperative vision and the difference was statistically significant (F=26.39, P<0.001; F=13.68, P<0.001; F=12.90, P<0.001). At 6 months after the operation, the uncorrected distance visual acuity was close to 0, and visual acuity with +1.2 - -4.0 D defocus could reach more than 0.3. Under glare conditions, contrast sensitivity was best during the day and was worst at night 1 year after the operation and the difference was statistically significant. Residual astigmatism at 1 year was significantly reduced compared to baseline (0.24±0.15 D vs 1.56±0.38 D, t=3.31, P=0.023), and was not a statistically significant difference from the preoperative anticipated residual astigmatism (t=2.31, P=0.102). At 1 year, the mean IOL axis rotation was 3.12°±1.51°. All the patients independent of spectacle.

Conclusions:
The AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric astigmatic MIOL provides satisfactory full vision, visual quality, predictability, and good rotational stability for cataract patients.

Key words:
AcrySof IQ RESTOR multifocal Toric intraocular lenses; defocus curve; contrast sensitivity; aberration


In the area of highly automated driving, high inference speed and accuracy of object detection algorithms are safety-critical requirements. By utilizing an approach that dynamically switches between multiple, specialized object detection models during runtime, it is possible to meet both requirements in different lighting conditions, which is still a challenge for many camera-based methods. Although model switching in itself is not an entirely new concept, it has not yet been combined with modern object detection models based on neural networks. We use MobileNetV3 as a lightweight model to classify images as either day- or night-time images to forward them to the corresponding specialized object detector based on YOLOv5. All models are trained and tested using the Berkeley DeepDrive dataset which was reduced to the four most common class instances. Using our proposed model-switching approach, we are able to achieve mAP-50 of 61.5%, outperforming a singular, generalized YOLO model by 1.6% and an ensemble approach by 2%, using the same specialized models as the model switcher. The model switcher achieves a per-image inference time of 13.7ms and is therefore around 51% slower than the singular model, while still being 43% faster than the ensemble.


It demands a correct understanding of Saussure's distiinction between "language" and "speech","linguistics of language"and "linguistics of speech ".Strictly speaking,"言语学" (study of speech) is not Scientifically defined term. Our suggestion is the term of "linguistics of speech". Rhetoric, pragmatics and some other branches belong to "linguistic of speech".


Abstract A commitment to truth requires that you are open to receiving new evidence, even if that evidence contradicts your current beliefs. You should be open to changing your mind. However, this truism gives rise to the paradox of empathy. The paradox arises with the possibility of mental corruption through transformative change, and has consequences for how we should understand tolerance, disagreement, and the ability to have an open mind. I close with a discussion of how understanding this paradox provides a new explanation for a certain kind of standoff between the believer and the skeptic with regard to religious belief.


paper, we present a prototype that helps visualizing the relative importance of sentences extracted from medical texts using Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA). We propose to map rhetorical structures automatically recognized in the documents onto a set of communicative acts controlling the expression of an ECA. As a consequence, the ECA will dramatize a sentence to reflect its perceived importance and rhetorical strength (advice, requirement, open proposal, etc). This prototype is constituted of three sub-systems: i) G-DEE, a text analysis module ii) a mapping module which converts rhetorical structures produced by the text analysis module into communicative functions driving the ECA animation and iii) an ECA system. By bringing the text to life, this system could help their authors (in our application, expert physicians) to reflect on the potential impact of the writing style they have adopted. The use of ECA re- introduces an affective element which cannot easily be captured by other methods for analyzing document's style.


The effect of the addition of an inert liquid into a gas-phase reaction occurring on a solid catalyst was studied using the isomerization of cyclopropane to propylene on a sukuca-alumina catalyst as the model reaction and one of three hydrocarbon solvents as the liquid. With a nonadsording liquid the intrinsic reaction rate constant is the same in both the gas and the gas-liquid systems but adsorption of impurities from the liquid or adsorption of the liquid itself can have an enormous retarding effect on the reaction rate. Even i the absece of these effects the addition of a liquid phase decreases the percet conversion and increses the likelihood of occurrence of mass transfer limitations.


The (Middle Eastern) project is a mainly and Zionism call aims to dissolve the Islamic and the Arabic identities in a new identity to be consistent with the identity of the Zionism. While the (Great Middle East) is an American term that in addition to the aim of dissolving the Arabic and the Islamic identities in a new identity depending only on geography, aims also to give the United States the major role in the region. The importance of the study is to clarify that the Middle Eastern project aims to obliterate the Arab identity and to demises of the Arab system of units by melting the Arab countries in an economical, political and security Middle Eastern arrangements. The Middle Eastern project represents one of the most serious new challenges that are facing the Arab nation and its national security in the twenty first century. And if this project becomes real, so the Arab national security and the Arabic determination will remain captive to the Zionist-American plans that do not serve the Arabs and their future . . .


A major drawback of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). A decomposed selected mapping algorithm is proposed to overcome this problem. The candidate OFDM frames transmitted on antennas are decomposed to be real and imaginary part, thereby, a sufficiently large numbe r of alternative transmit signals are provided, thus better PAPR performance can be achieved compared with conventional SLM algorithm. Moreover, the computational complexity of proposed algorithm retain unchanged by using the conjugate symmetry property of real sequence. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional SLM algorithm in MIMO-OFDM systems.


Abstract We give a simple construction of non-Noetherian Hilbert domains whose maximal ideals are all finitely generated. Such domains we call unruly Hilbert domains.


Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), or congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), is a rare autosomal recessive disease which is characterized by childhood onset of a lack of pain sensation, anhidrosis, and mental retardation. Mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1) responsible for neurotrophin signaling pathway have been associated with this disorder. In this study, we performed genetic analysis on the NTRK1 and NGF genes in a Chinese patient with HSAN IV. The patient had classical clinical manifestations of HSAN IV, including anhidrosis, recurrent fever, absent pain perception, and mild developmental delay. No possible pathogenic mutation in NTRK1 or NGF genes was found. The result indicates that genetic heterogeneity may be present in HSAN IV and further research is necessary to clarify the disorder.


The calibration of a structured light plane is the key technique in structured light 3D vision measurement. In this paper, a novel method of structured light plane calibration is presented. A simple 2D planar target is used, which can be freely moved to different positions in the visible space of a camera when the target and the structured light plane intersect with each other. The corresponding world coordinate is set for each target in different positions. With data processing, the equations of intersecting lines obtained at different positions are unified at the camera coordinate system automatically. The least squares method is used to fit the equation of the structured light plane. An indoor experiment under a large-scale measurement situation has been performed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is simple, universal, and of high efficiency.


Accurate modeling of the enhanced diffusion of boron during rapid thermal annealing has been accomplished by incorporating the effects of extended defect formation and annealing on enhanced diffusion into a multizone, semiempirical model. The multizone model divides the implant profile into three zones defining regions of different defects and diffusion enhancements. The model also contains the initial enhanced diffusion and the transient diffusion effects associated with the dissolution of defect clusters and the annealing of extended defects, respectively. The saturation time for transient-enhanced diffusion contains an exponential function of implant dose in order to model the increase in point defect generated with higher implant dose. As a result, the model accurately simulates the boron diffusion profile over a wide range of implant doses and also shows the immobile boron peak of precipitated dopants produced during high dose implantation.


Purpose: To develop a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density deep learning (DL) model in a multi-site setting for synthetic two-dimensional mammography (SM) images derived from digital breast tomosynthesis exams using full-field digital mammography (FFDM) images and limited SM data.
Materials and Methods: A DL model was trained to predict BI-RADS breast density using FFDM images acquired from 2008 to 2017 (Site 1: 57492 patients, 187627 exams, 750752 images) for this retrospective study. The FFDM model was evaluated using SM datasets from two institutions (Site 1: 3842 patients, 3866 exams, 14472 images, acquired from 2016 to 2017; Site 2: 7557 patients, 16283 exams, 63973 images, 2015 to 2019). Each of the three datasets were then split into training, validation, and test datasets. Adaptation methods were investigated to improve performance on the SM datasets and the effect of dataset size on each adaptation method is considered. Statistical significance was assessed using confidence intervals (CI), estimated by bootstrapping.
Results: Without adaptation, the model demonstrated substantial agreement with the original reporting radiologists for all three datasets (Site 1 FFDM: linearly-weighted $\kappa_w$ = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.74, 0.76]; Site 1 SM: $\kappa_w$ = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.64, 0.78]; Site 2 SM: $\kappa_w$ = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.70, 0.75]). With adaptation, performance improved for Site 2 (Site 1: $\kappa_w$ = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.66, 0.79], 0.71 vs 0.72, P = .80; Site 2: $\kappa_w$ = 0.79 [95% CI: 0.76, 0.81], 0.72 vs 0.79, P $<$ .001) using only 500 SM images from that site.
Conclusion: A BI-RADS breast density DL model demonstrated strong performance on FFDM and SM images from two institutions without training on SM images and improved using few SM images.


Objective To evaluate the prdiminary results of arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage for partial intercarpal interosseous ligament injuries.combined with.TFCC injuries.Methods Eight patients with wrist pain were included in this study.Diagnostic arthroscopy showed partial intercarpal imerosseous ligamem injuries combined with TFCC injuries in these patients.After debridement using a shaver.a monopoLar radiofrequency probe was used to shrink the interearpal imeroeous ligament and the fringed edges of TFCC.Postoperatively pain,wrist motion,grip and pinch strength were evaluated.Wrist function was assessed using modified Mayo wrist score and DASH questionnaire. Results Follow up interview and examination were conducted 10 months(range 6-12 months)postoperatively.Three with complete relief and 4 with substantial relief.Only in 1 patient the pain remained unchangea.All patients demonstrated a negative seaphoid shift test on postoperative physical examination.The postoperative scores of the Modified Mayo Wrist Score and DASH questionnaire were significantly better than the pmopemtive scores according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test(P<0.05).Preoperative Mayo score was 51.3(30-70)while postoperative score was 78.1(45-95).DASH scors incteased from 39.3(18.3-49.3)preoperatively to 19.2(8.8-28.7)postoperatively. Conclusion This study suggests that arthroscopic radiofrequency shrinkage is a valid and safe procedure to treat partial intercarpal interosseous ligament injuries combined with TFCC injuries.

Key words:
Arthroscopes; Ligament; Triangular fibrocartilage; Radiofrequency shrinkage


Global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed major challenges to clinical laboratories, from initial diagnosis to patient monitoring and treatment. Some routine laboratory markers reveal a range of changes in patients with COVID-19. Among the most frequently observed are: increased levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-Dimer neutrophilia with lymphopenia and decreased platelet count. The aim of our study is to present the changes in the values of CRP, LDH, D-Dimer, number of Thrombocytes (PLT), Lymphocytes (Ly) and Neutrophils (Neu) during hospitalization and at the discharge of patients with Sars-Cov-2. Materials and methods: The object of the study are clinical laboratory results of 106 patients who underwent hospital treatment for Covid -19 in the "St. Ivan Rilski" St. Zagora, divided into two groups. The first group (Group I) is in the period November-December 2020, the second group (Group II) patients were hospitalized in April 2021. The values of CRP, LDH, D-Dimer, number of platelets, Ly, Neu from the day of the patient's admission to the hospital and from his discharge were examined. Results and discussion: In 100% of the examined patients in the first group CRP with values at the time of admission to the hospital (TAH) 88.70 ± 63.132 mg/L. LDH was increased in three of the groups in more than 90% of the patients, with the highest values of the enzyme being recorded in Group II at the end of hospitalization, 802.33 U/L (± 557.836). In the studied groups, we found significantly more patients with elevated values in both groups at discharge (Group I 49.12% and Group II 46.94%). The highest number of patients with thrombocytopenia was observed in Group II at the time of admission to the hospital, 26.53% (n=13). Conclusion: Quantification of these and other laboratory parameters could significantly aid the detection of at-risk patients and reveal disease severity. They represent objective and standardized criteria guiding therapy.


Let $S$ be a non-uniruled (i.e., non-birationally ruled) smooth projective surface. We show that the tangent bundle $T_S$ is pseudo-effective if and only if the canonical divisor $K_S$ is nef and the second Chern class vanishes, i.e., $c_2(S)=0$. Moreover, we study the blow-up of a non-rational ruled surface with pseudo-effective tangent bundle.


Presentation Lisa Pacht, Director of Technology and Arts in Education presented to the Board on the Scholastic Arts Awards Program and the Arts in Education Program. Lisa dazzled the Board with her presentation by her use of several different means of technology, the SmartBoard, FlipVideo Camera, Slate, Sentio. Ms. Pacht showed the Board how these means of technology are used in the classroom with our students.


The Near-Earth Object Surveyor (NEOS) is currently undergoing preliminary design activities and preparing to enter the detailed design phase of the project. NEO Surveyor is to designed to detect, categorize and characterize NEOs using infrared imaging. The NEOS project responds to National Research Council's report Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys & Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010), the U. S. National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan (June 2018), and the objectives of NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO). The project was identified as a high priority project in the recent NASA Authorization Act. The goals of the NEOS project are to: (1) identify impact hazards to the Earth posed by NEOs (both asteroids and comets) by performing a comprehensive survey of the NEO population; (2) obtain detailed physical characterization data for individual objects that are likely to pose an impact hazard; (3) characterize the entire population of potentially hazardous NEOs to inform potential mitigation strategies by assisting the determination of impact energies through accurate object size determination and physical properties. The mission will make significant progress toward the George E. Brown, Jr. NEO Survey Program objective of detecting, tracking, cataloging, and characterizing at least 90% of NEOs equal to or larger than 140 m in diameter. The project is a collaboration between NASA-JPL, the University of Arizona and industry, with Ball Aerospace notably providing the spacecraft and key instrument elements. This paper will describe the key activities and accomplishments performed by the NEOS Project during the preliminary design phase and describe how these have matured the overall mission.


Adipose tissue (AT) expands via both hypertrophy and hyperplasia during the development of obesity. While AT hypertrophy involves the increase in size of existing adipocytes, hyperplasia is the process of creating new adipocytes from the pool of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) which includes adipocyte progenitor cells and preadipocytes. Prior studies have implicated a role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in regulation of hyperplasia in white adipose tissue (WAT). These studies were not specific to APCs, however, and lacked characterization of the signaling intermediaries. Here we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying SNS regulation of APC proliferation in WAT. Using flow cytometry with antibodies against various cell surface markers, along with an intracellular marker of proliferation (Ki67), we quantitated the percentages and proliferative status of adipocyte progenitor cells and preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of WAT. In vivo SNS activation through cold exposure, as well as in vitro adrenergic stimulation via exposure to the canonical SNS neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), inhibited preadipocyte proliferation. Pretreatment with propranolol, a β1and β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, rescued the inhibitory effects of NE in primary cell culture. The selective β1-AR agonist dobutamine diminished preadipocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the selective β2-AR agonist, salbutamol, promoted proliferation in vitro, suggesting that the β1-AR may mediate the inhibitory effect of NE on preadipocyte proliferation. We further explored the downstream signaling by pretreating cultured SVF cells with an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) blocker, Compound C (CC). CC prevented the inhibitory effect of dobutamine on preadipocyte proliferation as compared with relative controls. Taken together, we conclude that SNS activation suppresses WAT preadipocyte proliferation via the β1-AR and that downstream signaling may include AMPK activation. INDEX WORDS: Proliferation, Adipocyte progenitors, Preadipocytes, Adrenergic receptor, Norepinephrine, Flow cytometry DECODING THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM'S REGULATION OF WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE HYPERPLASIA


The promoter of a pea gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PSPAL 1) contains Boxes II and IV that have synergistic effects on activation by fungal elicitor or UV light. Fungal suppressor suppressed the activation that was mediated not only by elicitor but also by UV in pea but activated the promoter in cowpea.


A collection of 54 photographs of Florida taken in 1941 by Walker Evans for Karl Bickel's "The Mangrove Coast". Evans's photographs of decaying architecture, crowded streets, retirees, trailers, and views of the winter home of the Ringling Brothers circus were at odds with Bickel's popular text that featured pirates, explorers and moonshiners. In this book, Robert Plunket's wry commentary on the human and geographic landscape of the region punctuates Evans's iconoclastic photographs.


13 Intra-tissue genetic heterogeneity is universal to both healthy and cancerous tissues. It emerges from 14 the stochastic accumulation of somatic mutations throughout development and homeostasis. By com- 15 bining population genetics theory and genomic information, genetic heterogeneity can be exploited 16 to infer tissue organisation and dynamics in vivo . However, many basic quantities, for example the 17 dynamics of tissue specific stem cells remain difficult to quantify precisely. Here we show that single 18 cell and bulk sequencing data inform on different aspects of the underlying stochastic processes. Bulk 19 derived variant allele frequency spectra (VAF) show transitions from growing to constant stem cell 20 populations with age in samples of healthy oesophagus epithelium. Single-cell mutational burden dis- 21 tributions allow a sample size independent measure of mutation and proliferation rates. Mutation rates 22 in adult haematopietic stem cells are higher compared to inferences during development, suggesting 23 additional proliferation independent effects. Furthermore, single cell derived VAF spectra contain in- 24 formation on the number of tissue specific stem cells. In haematopiesis, we find approximately 2 × 10 5 25


The purpose of the study is to examine how teachers and students believe that graphing calculators affect the teaching of high school mathematics courses. By becoming aware of this, teachers and teacher students have the opportunity to reflect on the use of graphing calculators in their teaching. The empirical base consists of interviews with teachers and a survey among students at two high schools in southern Sweden. The results show that teachers especially consider the graphing calculator as a tool, much like paper and pencil. They use it if and when it is deemed able to contribute in a significant way in their teaching, either to save time and/or to help deepen the understanding of various mathematical concepts and methods. One conclusion is that graphing calculators affect teaching in different ways, and increasingly, as the level of the course increases.


Abstract : For many years, conventional radars transmitted, received, and processed the same waveform on every pulse or burst within a coherent processing interval (CPI), independently of the environment. Now, modern radar systems have considerable flexibility in their modes of operation, both on receive and transmit. In particular, it is possible to modify the waveform on a pulse to pulse basis, and electronically steered phased arrays can quickly point the radar beam in any feasible direction. In the course of this research project, we introduced the Ambiguity Function, an analytical tool for waveform design and analysis that is useful for examining resolution, sidelobe behavior, and ambiguity in range and Doppler of a given signal waveform. Some techniques to design multiple access frequency hop codes with good auto and cross-ambiguity functions are characterized, focusing on the frequency hop patterns. We have shown that the performance of each channel of the multistatic system heavily depends on the transmitted waveform and on the geometry of the scenario, that is, the position of receivers and transmitters with respect to the position of the target. In particular, both geometry factors and transmitted waveforms play an important role in the shape of the Ambiguity Function and hence in the value of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). We have calculated the bistatic CRLBs of target range and velocity of each transmit-receive pair as a function of the target kinematic parameters and to provide a local measure of the estimation accuracy of these parameters. Finally, in this work we have analyzed the problem of the optimum sensor selection along the trajectory of a tracked target in a multistatic radar systems. To this end we have evaluated the Posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (PCRLB) of the sequential target state estimation and we will define an algorithm that exploits this mathematical tool to select the best channels for the tracking of the target.


A joint-space model for cross-lingual distributed representations generalizes language-invariant semantic features. In this paper, we present a matrix cofactorization framework for learning cross-lingual word embeddings. We explicitly define monolingual training objectives in the form of matrix decomposition, and induce cross-lingual constraints for simultaneously factorizing monolingual matrices. The cross-lingual constraints can be derived from parallel corpora, with or without word alignments. Empirical results on a task of cross-lingual document classification show that our method is effective to encode cross-lingual knowledge as constraints for cross-lingual word embeddings.


Machiavellianism, narcissism, and non-clinical psychopathy are part of the dark triad and have recently been studied by scientists around the world. Psychologists, as representatives of helping professions, must have a pro-social personality orientation. It is known that the manifestation of individual personality traits occurs maximally in adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore, it is important to assess how the formation of not only professional, but also personal qualities of psychology students takes place. An empirical study examined the manifestation of the dark triad personality traits in psychology students enrolled in different courses of study. It was found that first-year students have a lower level of Machiavellianism than third-year students. Also, statistically significant differences were found in the manifestations of Machiavellianism in men and women. In the group of men, Machiavellianism manifested itself at a higher level than among women. The higher level of Machiavellianism among third-year students of psychology in comparison with first-year students probably reflects their mastery in the learning process of both theoretical and practical foundations of interaction, interpersonal communication, as well as the formation of practical communication skills.


The international community has been facing the challenge of climate change and promoting climate change response asa core area of international development aid. In this context, this study examined the current status of climate change projectsconducted by international organizations in developing c...


ABSTRACT The authors present their collaborative exploration of the use of metaphor in science. If scientific writing is dependent to a large degree on metaphor, then to what extent is scientific thought itself dependent on metaphoric or analogical perception? The authors discuss the use of metaphor in scientific thought as a process of transferred pattern recognition.


Within the scope of a research project on decapod crustaceans in Montenegrin aquatic ecosystems, a population of white-clawed crayfish of the Austropotamobius pallipes/italicus species complex has been recorded for the first time. Based on an analysis of morphometric and genetic parameters, it has been established that Austropotamobius italicus (Faxon, 1914) and its subspecies meridionalis are distributed in Dalmatia and in the central and southern parts of the Apennine Peninsula. The new finding represents: (1) extension of the known range of the species complex A. pallipes/italicus on the Balkan Peninsula, and (2) determining the limits of the distribution and of this isolated population of that complex. The ascertained characteristics of the white-clawed crayfish's newly discovered population in Montenegro are significant from the viewpoint of global conservation of the species in question.


Several time transfer experiments have been performed in Europe, to compare clocks in the 10 nanoseconds range, using TV satellites. The Observatoire de Besancon (OB) and the CNES Toulouse (CT), with the support of the LPTF-Observatoire de Paris (OF) and the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur (OC), have conducted an experiment using the French telecommunication satellite TELECOM 2A, and four reception stations each equipped with a 80 cm diameter antenna, caesium clock and GPS time receiver. Each raw data was corrected of the motion of the satellite and others delays. Time transfer results were then compared to GPS results, the accuracy is limited by the delay uncertainty of each station equipment. Using the same measurements (TV and GPS), the position of TELECOM 2A spacecraft was calculated and compared with classical technique (Ranging and Turn-Around). This paper describes techniques, stations, uncertainty budget, time transfer results and presents a promising technique for geostationary orbit determination. As a conclusion, we propose the use of the Telecom 2 satellite for a near operational, automatic and independent to GPS time transfer system.


In this work, we propose, design and simulate a new configuration of Class AB dual output (DO) second‐generation current conveyor (DO‐CCII). Two versions of this new DO‐CCII configuration are proposed: one employing 32 nm technology‐based carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) and the other employing the conventional complementary MOS (CMOS). The HSPICE simulation studies have been performed to evaluate key performance parameters like current and voltage gains, voltage and current bandwidths (BW), the port X and Y resistances, total harmonic distortion of both proposed DO‐CCII configurations. It has been seen that ~388× and ~215× improvement in current and voltage BWs respectively have been achieved in the proposed CNTFET based DO‐CCII (CNTFET‐DO‐CCII) configuration in comparison to its CMOS counterpart (CMOS‐DO‐CCII). Similarly, desired port X and Y resistances have resulted substantially in the CNTFET based DO‐CCII configuration. Further, to evaluate the performance of proposed DO‐CCIIs, some applications such as sinusoidal oscillator, integrator and differentiator have been simulated and compared. In the designed oscillators, the effect of temperature on oscillating frequency has also been studied. A temperature insensitive behavior has been seen in the CNTFET‐DO‐CCII for a wide frequency range. Furthermore, it has been found that the optimization of number of CNTs, CNT diameter and inter‐CNT pitch of CNTFETs improve the performance of the proposed DO‐CCII.


Abstract – This paper introduces a new architecture for high-resolution digital pulse-width modulator (HRDPWM) that is based on standard cells alone. It produces PWM signals with adjustable phase-shift and frequency with time-resolution of a single delay-element, makes it an excellent candidate for multiphase DC-DC converters. It comprises simple combinatorial logic for each phase and a single delay-line based high-resolution module that is time-shared between all phases. The HR-DPWM has been designed and fabricated on a 0.18μm 5V CMOS process resulting in effective silicon area of 0.08mm, which is highly compact compared to existing solutions. Experimental results of a four phase 12-bit HR-DPWM are provided, demonstrating highly linear characteristics with time resolution of 400ps and excellent matching between all phases.


The enthalpy of transformation to ice Ic of ice II, IX, V, VI, and VIII that have been recovered at 77 K and ambient pressure, and of the transformation of ice Ic to Ih, has been measured in a heat-flow calorimeter. The enthalpy of transformation of ice Ic to Ih depends on the high-pressure phase used to make the ice Ic. The thermodynamics of the transformation of ice IX, which was made by cooling ice III at 0.3–0.7 K s−1, to ice III shows that the ice IX was fully orientationally ordered to the precision of the experiments.


The microstructure and micro-texture of low-carbon steel sheet produced by CSP technology during grain growth were investigated by electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD).The results show that {111} grains have great advantages in both amount and size just after recrystallization.Such advantages is maintained to the end of the annealing process,which results in a high density γ-fiber in the recrystallization texture.However,the growth of the {111} grains stagnates in the later stage of the grain coarsening.It results in a decrease of density of γ-fiber.The difference of the growth kinetics corresponds to the change of the misorientation.The stagnation of the {111} grain growth can be explained by the decrease of the misorientation among grains around it.


As electricity demand continues to grow and renewable energy increases its penetration in the power grid, realtime state tracking becomes essential for system monitoring and control. Recent developments in phasor technology make realtime dynamic state estimation possible with high-speed timesynchronized data provided by synchronized Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). In this paper we present a two-stage Kalman filtering approach to estimate the static states of voltage magnitudes and phase angles, as well as the dynamic states of generator rotor angles and generator speeds. Kalman filters achieve optimal performance only when the system noise characteristics have known statistical properties (zero-mean, Gaussian, and spectrally white). However in practice the process and measurement noise models are usually difficult to obtain. Thus in the first stage, we estimate the static states from raw PMU measurements, using a lightweight but efficient adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm called Adaptive Kalman Filter with Inflatable Noise Variances (AKF with InNoVa), which can identify and reduce the impact of incorrect system modeling and/or bad PMU measurements. In the next stage, the estimated bus voltages are fed into an extended Kalman filter to obtain the dynamic state estimations. Simulations demonstrate its robustness to sudden changes of system dynamics and erroneous PMU measurements.


In this essay I will argue that the signature methods of interrogation used by CIA and military interrogators in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) – "torture lite" techniques such as hypothermia and stress positions – may constitute torture, but that the question of their legality under U.S, and international law is not as straightforward as some critics of the Bush Administration maintained. I will take up only one thread in the complex discussion of GWOT interrogation practices and law, that of the boundary between torture and lesser cruelty.


Abstract How well can students exposed to political science for the first time work through the research article writing process? Previous research has introduced selected research article writing skills to students in introductory courses, but has not studied whether students in such courses can complete the entire process of writing and revising a research article. I re-designed an Introduction to Comparative Politics course based on the research article writing process. I hypothesized that students would make major gains in article writing skills and develop a proficient ability to write each research article component. Using a pre- and post-test design along with rubrics for each part of the research article, I found support for my hypotheses. Students reported large increases in confidence and ability to handle research article writing tasks as a result of the course and demonstrated proficiency on more than two-thirds of rubric items. These results suggest that research article writing tasks are appropriate for students in introductory courses and that their presence can help effectively introduce students to the discipline. I also provide suggestions for ways to implement parts of this course design in traditional, large introductory course settings.


Introduction Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble vitamin-like quinone that exerts antioxidative functions and is also an important factor in mitochondrial metabolism. Plasma concentrations of CoQ10 are depressed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CoQ10 supplement can reduce adverse cardiovascular events, improve mitochondrial function and decrease oxidative stress in patients with non-dialysis CKD and dialysis CKD. We performed this study as a systematic review to comprehensively assess the effect of CoQ10 supplement on patients with CKD. Methods and analysis The present systematic review protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols guidelines. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases will be searched without language restrictions in December 2018. Two reviewers will independently screen the references in two stages: screening of the title/abstract and then of the full-text, to identify references meeting the inclusion criteria. A descriptive overview and tabular and/or graphical summaries will be generated, and directed content analysis will be carried out on the extracted data. Ethics and dissemination This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of CoQ10 in patients with CKD. Ethical approval is not required for this study. The results of this systematic review will be presented in relevant conferences and published in a peer-review journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019120201


In this paper, the effect of pressure on various properties of brookite and rutile TiO2 has been investigated along with a phase transition study. It is seen that brookite gets transformed to rutile TiO2 at 5 GPa pressure. The band gap of brookite and rutile TiO2 are direct in nature with values of 3.41 eV and 2.98 eV. Pressure-dependence of the Elastic compliance coefficients, elastic stiffness coefficients, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young modulus, Poisson's ratio, B/G ratio, Vickers hardness, Lame constant has been calculated at 0, 3, 5 GPa pressures for brookite TiO2 and at 0,5,10,15, and 20 GPa pressures for rutile TiO2. The shear anisotropy factors (A100, A010, and A001) along {100},{010}, and {001} planes have been estimated at different pressure for brookite TiO2 as well as the shear anisotropic factors along {100} and {001} shear planes is estimated for rutile TiO2. Moreover, anisotropy factors (AB),(AG), and (AU) have been estimated at different pressure for brookite TiO2 and rutile TiO2. Furthermore, the dielectric constant is determined to investigate other optical properties for both the structures at different pressures. A pretty good agreement has been obtained between our findings and experimental data.


This paper studies a model of political parties as informative "brands" to voters. Voters across a large number of constituencies are assumed to be risk averse and incompletely informed about candidate ideal policies, and candidates are unable to commit to a declared policy platform. In this environment, parties can play a critical role by aggregating ideologically similar candidates and signaling their preferences to voters. This signaling is effective because party membership imposes costs, which screen out candidates whose preferences are not sufficiently close to the party's platform. We find that when party labels are very informative, the parties' platforms converge. When party labels are less informative, however, platforms diverge, because taking an extreme position allows a party to reduce the variance of its members' preferences. As parties become less able to impose costs on their members, or less able to screen out certain types of candidates, their platforms move further apart.


Summary A mixture (1:1) of Phyllanthin and Hypophyllanthin isolated from Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) exhibited antitumor activities against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Animals were pre-treated orally with the extract at a dose of 25mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg body weight and then after 24hrs after EAC (at a dose of 2 x 10 6 cells /mouse) administration and following an 18hr fasting; mice were sacrificed for studying of antitumor activity. The decrement of tumor volume, and packed cell volume and viable cell count were observed in lignans treated mice when compared only to EAC tumor bearing mice. Treatment with test compounds increased the survival time and normal peritoneal cell count. Hematological parameters, PCV which were altered by tumor volume inoculation, were restored considerably. Thus, this study was an attempt to evaluate the preventive and curative role of P.amarus lignans in tumor bearing mice.


: Gender roles are the assemply of behaviors that relate to gender characteristics and abilities to male or female (male or female children). These roles are determined by economic, cultural and social factors. Gender roles are divided into three groups: production role; reproduction role and community role. Although both men and women are capable of engaging in all three roles, the level of performance of these roles varies from one community to another, and the socialization of gender roles in each of these roles. The community will be characterized by the gender division of labor within the community. The article clarifies the contents related to the role of the family in the socialization of gender roles for E-de children, reflected in the contents of socialization and mode of socialization.


As an ancient art form, sculpture art is a valuable cultural material legacy left by the predecessors. Its importance is not only the high artistic and economic value of the sculpture itself, but also the culture and politics of the specific historical stage. The cultural carrier of the physical form, the economy and other factors, the different aesthetic and spiritual needs of the social and political system and the cultural level promote the continuous development and evolution of the formal language of sculpture. This paper first expounds the related concepts and functions of culture and sculpture art, and analyzes the development status and reasons of sculpture art in the contemporary cultural environment. Starting from the long-term development strategy, while absorbing the advanced Western culture, we look back at the national indigenous culture, re-develop and interpret the traditional cultural resources with contemporary new thinking and vision, and explore an art with the contemporary Chinese native culture. form. On the basis of constructing the Chinese contemporary sculpture art system, a set of sculpture art theories with Chinese characteristics is gradually formed, which enables contemporary sculptures to confidently stand on the platform of international art and dialogue with the West. Through objectively combing and summarizing the sculptures with the spirit of national culture, we finally walked out of a path of Chinese contemporary sculpture with local cultural characteristics.


By studying the case of the radio association Ici et Maintenant and the situation of French terrestrial digital radio, this contribution proposes to analyze the notion of prostradiomorphoses while restoring it in contemporary social reality. The challenge is to highlight their issues and report on their limitations and to make assumptions about how postradiomorphoses will be appropriate by society based on studies of other technologies.


Based on the analysis of heavy metals in AMD major sources and harm,this paper in light of heavy metals in three kinds of treatment technology: physical and chemical method,biological method and artificial wetland were discussed respectively,analysis shows that every method has a certain application conditions,the microbial method is the most development potential of the methods,it is the future research focus.


A miniaturized and reconfigurable rat-race coupler realized in inexpensive PCB technology is proposed. Miniaturization is achieved by exploiting the theory of rightand left-handed artificial transmission lines. The frequency agility allows the rat-race coupler to operate at two bands centered at 900 MHz and 1.7 GHz, therefore covering many industrial and communication standards. The frequency selection is operated by CMOS switches, controlled by only 1-bit signal, for adapting the equivalent electrical length of the four branches of the coupler. Moreover, the dimension is significantly reduced with respect to standard realizations at the same frequencies, with required areas of about 3% at 900 MHz and 10.4% at 1.7 GHz. The proposed design has been fabricated and measured, showing good performance in both operative frequency bands.


This paper reports on an experiment studying twelfth grade students' understanding of Rolle's Theorem. In particular, we study the influence of different concept images that students employ when solving reasoning tasks related to Rolle's Theorem. We argue that students' "container schema" and "motion schema" allow for rich concept images.


Convention between the govern-ment of the united kingdom of great britain and northern ire-land and the government of the kingdom of the netherlands for the avoidance of double taxa-tion and the prevention of fis-cal evasion with respect to tax-es on income and capital gains. the hague, 7 november 1980 [united nations, treaty series, vol. 1249, i-20388.]


The planet earth is covered with 70 to 75% of water and underwater much marine life is being living and surviving a life. Underwater Wireless sensor network has been also implemented under water from which many challenges occurs in transmission of the monitored data of under water hazards or can be said the disaster which is being to be occurs by the remotely access system and users of marine life as well as acoustic. In this paper, there is summarized key applications architecture and challenges in implementing the UWSN devices and an overview of this latest technology along with its research challenges and enhancing function. Introduction:First of all it need to be justify the wireless technology by its real and specific definition, its functionality, working and the enhanced version of this technology by its different applications working in different fields. Therefore, in general it can be said that wireless sensor network is a network in which many sensors are attached in a network on the different locations and communicate wirelessly from different location. For example if it is talk about Air Pollution or any movement sensor it is situated at a place or can be said that established on a place and a user can gather all the data and information related to that sensing device through a network which is centralized. There are two types of these wireless sensor network:1. Unstructured Wireless Sensor Network 2. Structured Wireless Sensor Network In unstructured WSN nodes are densely collected and having Ad-hoc type of deployment and also it has difficulty in maintenance of the network In structured WSN the nodes are distributed scarcely and less deployed, deployment is preplanned and maintenance of the network is low. Now, what actually UWSN means. Is this technology is the enhanced term of wireless sensor network or it just different from that? As it is known that the planet earth is covered with 70% of water rest is covered with dense forests and land where life exists and underwater a huge amount of unexploited resources are lies under the water which can be used to be explore to the technology by the successful key skills to implement and execute them. These advance technology have driven the potential outcomes to do the submerged investigations utilizing sensors at all levels, which were impractical already. This technology is a combination of remote innovation with to a great degree little micromechanical sensor innovation having shrewd detecting, communication capabilities and intelligent computing. As needs be, UWSN is developing as an empowering innovation for underwater investigation. This is a Kalpa Publications in Engineering Volume 2, 2018, Pages 15–21 Proceedings on International Conference on Emerging Trends in Expert Applications & Security (2018) V.K. Chandna, V.S. Rathore and S. Maheshwari (eds.), ICETEAS 2018 (Kalpa Publications in Engineering,


This paper considers the issue of when venture capitalists (VCs) make a partial, as opposed to a full exit, for the full range of exit vehicles. A full exit for an IPO involves a sale of all of the venture capitalist's holdings within one year of the IPO; a partial exit involves sale of only part of the venture capitalist's holdings within that period. A full acquisition exit involves the sale of the entire firm for cash; in a partial acquisition exit, the venture capitalist receives (often illiquid) shares in the acquiror firm instead of cash. In the case of a secondary sale or a buyback exit (in which the entrepreneur buys out the venture capitalist), a partial exit entails a sale of only part of the venture capitalist's holdings. A partial write-off involves a write down of the investment. We perform empirical tests on samples of full and partial exits derived from a survey of Canadian and U.S. venture capital firms. The evidence indicates that partial exits are more likely for IPOs and secondary sales in Canada. Partial exits in Canada are also more likely the greater the market to book value of the investment. Partial exits in the U.S., by contrast, are more likely for buyback exits and when there is greater capital available for investment in the venture capital industry. The U.S. evidence further indicates that partial acquisition exits are more likely for technology firms, the longer the investment duration, and the greater the market to book value of the entrepreneurial firm. We also present evidence that the longer the investment duration, the more likely that venture capital investments will be written down, rather than completely written off. The differences we find between the Canadian and U.S. samples highlight the impact of legal and institutional factors on exit strategies.


Funding information: British Ecological Society, Grant/Award Number: TT19/1029; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: JPMJCR13A2; Irish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: GOIPG/2018/3023; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Grant/Award Number: 19H05641; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Numbers: 16H04846, JP20J10699.


One of the most important challenges facing the intrusion detection systems (IDSs) is the huge number of generated alerts. A system administrator will be overwhelmed by these alerts in such a way that she/he cannot manage and use the alerts. The best-known solution is to correlate low-level alerts into a higher level attack and then produce a high-level alert for them. In this paper a new automated alert correlation approach is presented. It employs Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Immune System (AIS) to discover and learn the degree of correlation between two alerts and uses this knowledge to extract the attack scenarios. The proposed system doesn't need vast domain knowledge or rule definition efforts. To correlate each new alert with previous alerts, the system first tries to find the correlation probability based on its fuzzy rules. Then, if there is no matching rule with the required matching threshold, it uses the AIRS algorithm. The system is evaluated using DARPA 2000 dataset and a netForensics honeynet data. The completeness, soundness and false alert rate are calculated. The average completeness for LL-DoS1.0 and LLDoS2.0, are 0.957 and 0.745 respectively. The system generates the attack graphs with an acceptable accuracy and, the computational complexity of the probability assignment algorithm is linear.


This article put forward a framework of Industrial-Space analysis,on the bases of correlative literature review.Moreover,applyied the framwork to Nanjing city,author analyzes the Industrial-Space structure of Nanjing city and bring forward the direction and development strategy of Nanjing city in the near future and in the long future.


The objective of the present study is aimed to formulate and evaluate sustained-release Mebeverine hydrochloride capsules using the Pelletization technique. Mebeverine hydrochloride, an anti-spasmodic drug is highly water soluble with a half-life of 2h and is suitable to develop sustained action for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Mebeverine hydrochloride prolongs medication release in the GIT and, as a result, into the plasma, while reducing the frequency of drug administration, adverse effects, and patient compliance. Mebeverine hydrochloride were prepared by using polymers The drug-polymer and excipient compatibility was defined by the FTIR studies in the pre-formulation study. The calibration curve for the drug is plotted and checked the physicochemical properties. Six formulations (F1-F6) of Mebeverine hydrochloride pellets were prepared using different quantities of Ethylcellulose N 50 and other standard excipients. In vitro, drug release studies were performed for the pellets for 1.2, 4, 6, 8, and 12hrs. The optimized formulation F6 showed 76.8 % drug release after 12h showing that ethyl cellulose N 50 acts as a rate-controlling agent. The drug release of the chosen formulation follows first-order kinetics with a zero-order mechanism, according to absorption kinetics.


This research elaborates on a case study of how planned developments are massively produced in the Los Angeles metropolitan region and its margins. It aims at analyzing how actors interact and frame the suburban production contexts. Data used derive from a database of 2518 planned communities built after 1970 (proprietary data collected during field research), interviews conducted with local governments' planners, census data, and governmental agencies data. The production of planned developments is framed by a series of financial interaction and contracts and debts, yielding a high dependency between developers, local governments, special districts, property owners associations and, lastly, homeowners. Such a financialized system has been revealed by the foreclosure crisis, as it depends upon a shared belief in a constant growth of property values. Data show that this constant growth, in studied areas, is a rather uncertain outcome.


Data on mortality for the period 1921-1990 are presented for Canada its 10 provinces and the two territories. "Major topics included...relate to: the numbers and rates of deaths age-specific and age-standardized death rates mean and median age of decedents deaths by age sex and marital status natural increase of the population and rates and life expectancy." (EXCERPT)


With China's rapid development of the petrochemical industry and an improvement in city utilities (water, gas, and sewer services), underground pipelines are literally the "lifeline of city." However, corrosion can cause perforations that will eventually lead to leakage accidents creating an Underground Pipeline Hazard or "time bomb" when gas explosions or sewage leakage occur. Corrosion protection has been related to the pipeline reliability and service life, it also relates to people's livelihood and security. This paper analyzes underground pipeline corrosion as a cause for potential harm and offers specific measures of protection.


Executive function (EF) is a control mechanism of human cognition that provides the capability to select actions in relation to internal goals organized by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC is essential for the temporal integration of sensory information in the sequencing of optimum motor behavior to achieve an internal goal. The temporal integration of sensory information also explains why the PFC has an additional role in the central modulation of pain. Pain modulation and motor function are altered in chronic pain, and this alteration can contribute to the reduced physical activity. EF is the driver of conscious control of thought and action that is critical to rehabilitation in chronic pain. However, EF is impaired in chronic pain. Rehabilitation practitioners typically use activity modification, exercise, and movement to enhance function in patients with chronic pain; exercise has beneficial effects on EF. However, impairments in EF can be barriers to adherence to exercise, activity, and lifestyle modifications required to optimize rehabilitation. Greater awareness of EF can enhance rehabilitation. This narrative review explores current theories of EF structure and function, how impairment of EF can be assessed in a clinical context, and its implications for rehabilitation


Abstract : The mircrostructure of deep-sea illitic red clay from the central Pacific Basin was investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Gravity core samples ( undisturbed ) and sediments from dredge hauls ( disturbed ) were used in the investigations and analysis. Dredged samples were remolded and reconsolidated to equivalent in situ porosities by geotechnical engineers from the University of Rhode Island for use in a scaled simulation test for the Subseabed Disposal Program, Sandia National Laboratories. This study was part of the In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment simulation test designed to investigate the thermal, fluid, mechanical, and chemical response of the sediment to a heater emplaced in the seabed. The clay fabric of the undisturbed core samples was compared with that of the remolded, reconsolidated sediment to investigate the effects of remolding, the mechanical disturbance due to the insertion of probes, and the induced thermal gradients due to heating of the sediment.


Islam is a religion which regulates a wide range of business ethics as a benchmark to run a corporate strategy or other business ventures. With the existence of ethical business ethics that is characterized by ethics, is expected to be present as a solution for the system and economic activity through the realization of aspects of ethical value. The problems that will arise here is how the important role of Islam in the empowerment of Islamic business ethics and empower it to develop the business of creative industries. The research method used in this paper is literature study. The purpose of this study is to confirm the need for 1). the role of religion, in this case Islam through empowerment of Islamic business ethics, so as to develop the business of creative industries in Indonesia, 2). to describe the growth of creative industry in Indonesia. 3). provide an overview of creative industry business development through empowering Islamic business ethics.


In the first part of our new series about medical imaging, John Frank looks in detail at imaging techniques that use ionising radiation


This study is an action research which aims to improve the students' creativity and their learning achievement at the Mathematics Study Program in the following the Mathematics Curriculum Development of the Secondary School subject through the application of the problem based  learning. The instruments used are learning devices and instruments to collect the data. The learning devices include course contract, syllabus, lesson plan and teaching materials which consist of students' worksheet and the presentation materials in the form of  power point. The instruments to collect data include: (1) the students' creativity questionnaire; (2) the students' creativity observation sheet; (3) the assessment sheet of discussion; (4) the assessment sheet of presentation; (5) the assessment sheet of group assignments; (6) the assessment sheet of individual assignments and (7) the written test. The research finding indicates that the students' creativity and their learning achievement in the following the mathematics curriculum development of secondary school subject through the application of the problem based  learning is improved. The improvement of the creativity is still in moderate to low categories, while the learning achievement is in good category.


In this paper, we report on extending a theoretical framework based on Gaussian Beam Mode Analysis for modelling standing waves in receiver systems coupled to submillimetre wave telescopes. This analytical technique includes a full electromagnetic description of corrugated detector horns, used as a standard feed horn in the THz frequency range. In previous papers we reported on the underlining theory and described some important examples including reflections between a feed horn and telescope secondary mirror and also reflections between a horn and a plano-convex lens. As the theory uses a full multi-moded scattering matrix description within the horn, which can then be transformed to equivalent free space modes, mulitple reflections between the detector, located at the back of the horn, and any arbitrary surface in the optical path can be accurately analysed. We present an experimental validation of the model, comparing predicted standing wave patterns occuring between two corrugated horns to laboratory measurements, owrking in a frequency range around 0.1THz.


THE INCREASING incidence of altitude illness is mainly caused by the ease and speed with which large numbers of people are now able to reach previously remote high mountain regions. In a recent article inThe Journal, Kleiner and Nelson 1 stated that "high altitude pulmonary edema... is considered a rare entity in the United States and regarded as more of physiologic interest than clinical importance.... This presumed rarity may be unfounded and may actually represent a rarity in recognition rather than incidence." Pulmonary edema is only one of several manifestations of altitude illness. Despite the increasing frequency with which it is being described, many physicians are unaware of the problem, rarely see patients either in the acute or recovery stage, and are hesitant or unable to give appropriate advice as to future activities of patients who have been afflicted once. There are three major clinical manifestations of altitude illness:


Electron microprobe analysis of amphiboles from Pargas, Finland, shows up to 2.42 Ca apfu (atoms per formula unit), far in excess of the usual maximum value of 2.00 Ca apfu observed in amphiboles. The most Ca-rich composition is (IG,rNaorrCaort)(CarnrMnfrdrFefr.{.)(Mg, ,rFefrirTio o2Alo 82XSi5 63A12 3r)Orr[(OH)o .uF, ,o]. Fluor-cannilloite, ideally CaCar(MgoAlXSi5Al3)OrrFr, is a new amphibole species in which Ca is dominant at the A site. Fluor-cannilloite occurs as isolated anhedral grains and small granular agglegates in a marble together with calcite, muscovite, anorthite, aluminous diopside, pyrope, and fluorite. It is grayish green with a grayish white streak, brittle, H : 6, D-"* : 3.05 g/cm3, and shows perfect { I l0} cleavage. In plane-polarized light, it is pale greenish $ay to almost colorless, rather cloudy and mottled in appearance, and is not pleochroic. Fluor-cannilloite is b iax ia l posi t ive, a: l .6 l l (2) , P: 1.616(2) , t :1 .633(2) ,2V:49(2) , d ispers ion weak r > v . l t i s m o n o c l i n i c , s p a c e g r o u p C 2 / m , a : 9 . 8 2 6 ( 4 ) , b : 1 7 . 9 0 6 ( 9 ) , c : 5 . 3 0 1 ( 3 ) A ' P : 105.41(4)o, V : 899.2 A', Z : 2. The ten strongest X-ray diffraction lines in the powder pat tern ld in Ag)(hk l ) l are S.936(4)(020), 8.355(3Xl l0) , 3 .366(4)( l3 l ) , 3.107(7X310), 2.686(l0X15l), 2.578(10X06r),2.328(4X351), 2.165(6Xl7l), 2.036(5)(202), 1.435(9X4.10.1) . The structures of fluor-cannilloite and another Ca-rich amphibole from Madagascar were refined to R indices of -1.50/o using reflection intensities collected with MoKa X radiation. Site populations were assigned from the refined site-scattering values, considerations of mean bond lengths, and the unit formulas calculated from the electron microprobe analyses. Both the electron microprobe data and the site-scattering refinements show significant Ca (up to 0.52 apfu) together with Na and K at the A site. Both 42 and Am sites are occupied, with the A,2 site having the higher electron density. Local bond-valence considerations indicate that Ca is equally partitioned between the A2 and Am sites, whereas K occupies Am and Na occupies A2.


We consider a consensus reaching process in a group of individuals meant as an attempt to make preferences of the individuals more and more similar, that is, getting closer and closer to consensus. We assume a general form of intuitionistic fuzzy preferences and a soft definition of consensus that is basically meant as an agreement of a considerable (e.g., most, almost all) majority of individuals in regards to a considerable majority of alternatives. The consensus reaching process is meant to be run by a moderator who tries to get the group of individuals closer and closer to consensus by argumentation, persuasion, etc. The moderator is to be supported by some additional information, exemplified by more detailed information on which individuals are critical as, for instance, they are willing to change their testimonies or are stubborn, which pairs of options make the reaching of consensus difficult, etc. In this paper we extend this paradigm proposed and employed in our former works with the use of a novel data mining tool, so called action rules which make it possible to more clearly indicate and suggest to the moderator with which experts and with respect to which option it may be expedient to deal. We show the usefulness of this new approach.


This paper studies the global topological structure of a kind of plane homogeneous fifth system with three special direction dx[]dt=a_(50)x~5+a_(41)x~4y+a_(32)x~3y~2+a_(23)x~2y~3+a_(14)xy~4+a_(05)y~5,dy[]dt=b_(50)x~5+b_(41)x~4y+b_(32)x~3y~2+b_(23)x~2y~3+b_(14)xy~4+b_(05)y~5. Suppose the system has are only one finite singular point(0,0),then we can assume b_(50)=0,which special directions are determined by equation G(θ)=0,introduce Poincare transformation to discuss infinite singular points,according to the coefficient conditions,list all possible infinite singular points and special directions,judging their type,drawing out all kinds of phase portraits when it has three special direction.


Through a close analysis of socio-biologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy's work on motherhood and 'mirror neurons' it is argued that Hrdy's claims exemplify how research that ostensibly bases itself on neuroscience, including in literary studies 'literary Darwinism', relies after all not on scientific, but on political assumptions, namely on underlying, unquestioned claims about the autonomous, transparent, liberal agent of consumer capitalism. These underpinning assumptions, it is further argued, involve the suppression or overlooking of an alternative, prior tradition of feminist theory, including feminist science criticism.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the chemical constituents from Loquat leaf (Eriobotrya japonica).

METHODS
Compounds were isolated by a combination of silica gel and ODS column chromatographies and preparative TLC and HPLC, their structures were identified by chemical and spectral methods.

RESULTS
Nine triterpenes were isolated and identified as methyl betuliate (I), oleanolic acid (II), ursolic acid (III), methyl maslinate (IV), methyl corosolate, (methyl 2alpha-3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate, V), maslinic acid (VI), corosolic acid (VII), tormentic acid (VIII), euscaphic acid (IX) from loquat leaf.

CONCLUSION
Compounds I and V are obtained from this plant and Eriobotrya genus for the first time.


The tidal and residual circulations in Laguna San Ignacio (LSI), a well-mixed evaporative lagoon located on the Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula in Mexico, is described based on surveys and moored observations. At tidal periods pressure and axial current fluctuations are about one-quarter of a period out of phase, and so the tidal wave is close to standing. Pressure fluctuations increase and axial currents decrease with distance from the ocean. The fluctuating axial momentum balance is nonlinear and involves local acceleration, advection, barotropic pressure gradients, and friction. The structure of the residual circulation depends on the internal Froude number Fri, a measure of the relative strength of tidal and buoyancy forcing. Most of the time, Fr i is large and the residual flow is laterally variable, driven by the tidally averaged nonlinear advective terms. The sense of this residual circulation is shown to depend on the lateral structure of the tidal stress and is away from the ocean in the deep channels when the tidal wave is standing, as in LSI, and in the opposite direction for a progressive wave. During neap tides, when Fri is small, the residual circulation is vertically stratified, with a dense near-bottom flow toward the ocean and relatively fresh inflow at the surface.


Non-stationary broadcast (BC) satellite systems can provide a continuous, direct-to-user, and worldwide BC service. Owing to the improved radio link margin of LEO/MEO systems, one can overcome the problems of blockage and foliage attenuation, which are significant in the alternative GEO/HEO systems. A basic analysis also reveals that the specifications of the standardized ITU A (EUREKA 147) DAB signal are adequate to cope with range and range rate effects due to the satellite motion. It is shown that a continuous, area-wide high-quality BC service can be provided by overlapping cellular service areas. Each cell may have an individual uplink station for feeding the BC signal. A system concept is discussed which is based on the exploitation of range, range rate, and angular information onboard the satellites with respect to each individual uplink station in order to compensate for Doppler frequency shifts and for variable signal propagation delay. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To determine whether pharmacogenetic tests such as N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genotyping are useful in identifying patients prone to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a cosmopolite population. VUILLEUMIER, Nicolas, et al. CYP2E1 genotype and isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in patients treated for latent tuberculosis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2006, vol. 62, no. 6, p. 423-429 DOI : 10.1007/s00228-006-0111-5


The article is an attempt to investigate the activity of a Ukrainian writer in modern literary process. The basis of investigation is the refl ections on the peculiarities of a postmodern writer's artistic life, his typical image and role in new Ukrainian literature.


Objective: Literature documenting histopathology of implanted, intracortical electrodes into the human brain is limited. Therefore, we determined the neuropathological
changes after chronic intracortical placement of microelectrode arrays within the cortex of a 64- year-old tetraplegic man.


An introduction to seed and plant improvement institute (S.P.l.l.) , An introduction to seed and plant improvement institute (S.P.l.l.) , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


This paper points out that the evolutionary mechanism of the natural selection gets its guardian's mending and renovating constantly,but the defect of its theory explanation cannot still avoided,which needs to realize the transition of studying paradigm fundamentally——turning from mechanical evolution paradigm to organic evolution paradigm by the overall analysis of the theoretical essence of Darwinism——the natural selection theory.


ABSTRACT This paper looks at teaching spirituality in the humanities classroom. It considers some of the theoretical issues involved with teaching spirituality, and it focuses attention on the details of a course the author has taught for several years: 'Ultimate Questions: Spirituality.' The goal of this paper is to inspire the discussion and the teaching of spiritual themes from an interdisciplinary humanities perspective.


The work and career experiences of African, single mothers from low socio-economic backgrounds have been ignored in previous research: the literature has largely focused on the family and work bala...


This paper explains how income indicators are used in the European Strategy for Social Inclusion. It describes how agreeing on a common analytical framework to poverty and its determinants can help Member States within the EU learning from each other about important social policy issues such as understanding differences in child poverty. In the concluding section, the paper considers how well the use of indicators helps understanding how different social policies work. The political endorsement and use of income indicators drawn from a common data base is a major achievement of the European policy coordination process.


An amplified immunoassay with improved sensitivity has been proposed based on two-step amplification procedures of enzyme-catalyzed precipitation and biotin-streptavidin binding system.Anti-IgG antibody is mobilized onto the surface of gold electrode modified with a thin layer of protein A.Biotin labeled anti-IgG antibody and HRP-streptavidin are premixed to form network complex to be used as probes for amplifying the sensing response of antibody-antigen interaction.HRP biocatalyzes DAB(3,3'-diaminobenzidine) in the presence of,resulting in an insoluble product on the electrode surface,to achieve an enhanced electron-transfer resistance on the electrode surface as well as a decreased frequency.The results show that this method can greatly improve the detection sensitivity of IgG in human serum with concentration as low as 1.0 ×10-8 gmL-1.We employe Faradaic impedance spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) to follow the stepwise assembly of the systems and investigate immunosensing properties.


The invention provides a formula and a preparation method of a life cultivation and health preservation food helpful for reducing the radiation injury. The formula of the food comprises, by weight, 600-1400 parts of wolfberry fruit, 600-1500 parts of Polygonatum sibiricum, 600-1500 parts of Poria cocos, 1000-2000 parts of Chinese yam, 800-1300 parts of mulberry fruit, 100-1200 parts of tremella and 100-1200 parts of shiitake. The preparation method adopts a traditional water decoction extraction process, and obtained extract products are directed put in bags, so the method is simple, and the food can be conveniently administrated The food is used for reducing the radiation injury in daily life and work.


E.U. has set a special goal for 2010 which is the adoption, by at least 25%, of IPv6. IPv6 incorporates the usage of IPSec which provides cryptographic services to every data packet which is transmitted via Internet. This means that there is a major need for High Speed designs of IPSec protocol. It has been shown that the limiting factor of IPSec performance is the incorporated hash function. Hash functions, form a special family of cryptographic algorithms that satisfy current requirements for security, confidentiality and validity for several applications in technology. In this paper we propose a hardware design and implementation that increases throughput and frequency significantly and at the same time keeps the area small enough for the hash function RIPEMD-160. This technique involves the application of partial unrolling and spatial pre-computation. The proposed technique leads to an implementation with 35% higher throughput than the conventional one.


Question In patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, do proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 serine protease (PCSK9) inhibitors reduce mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events? Review scope Included studies compared high-dose PCSK9 therapy (evolocumab or alirocumab) with ezetimibe or placebo in patients with hypercholesterolemia, and provided lipid or event data. Studies of patients with homozygosity for genes implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were excluded. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, CV mortality, major adverse CV events (MACE), and neurocognitive adverse events. Review methods MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov (all Aug 2004 to Mar 2015) were searched for phase 2 or higher randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies published in abstract form only were excluded. 17 RCTs (n =13083, mean age 59 y, 52% men), ranging in size from 46 to 4465 patients, met the selection criteria. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 78 weeks. All studies, which were published between 2012 and 2015, were assessed to be of high quality by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Main results Network meta-analysis showed that PCSK9 inhibitors reduced all-cause mortality, but not CV mortality or MACE, and increased neurocognitive events compared with placebo (Table). Analysis of only studies reporting outcomes at 6 months showed that PCSK9 reduced MACE compared with placebo (1.3% vs 2.3%, relative risk reduction 45%, 95% CI 23 to 61). Meta-analyses of 7 RCTs showed that PCSK9 inhibitors and ezetimibe did not differ for all-cause mortality, CV mortality, or MACE (P0.05). Conclusion In patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 serine protease inhibitors reduce all-cause mortality, but not CV events, and increase neurocognitive events. High-dose PCSK9 inhibitors vs placebo in primary hypercholesterolemia* Outcomes Number of trials (n) Weighted event rates At 12 to 78 wk PCSK9 inhibitors Placebo RRR (95% CI) NNT (CI) All-cause mortality 13 (11430) 0.2% 0.5% 57% (18 to 78) 345 (252 to 1094) Cardiovascular mortality 12 (11340) 0.2% 0.3% 50% (13 to 78) Not significant MACE 12 (11340) 1.2% 1.7% 33% (4 to 57) Not significant RRI (CI) NNH (CI) Neurocognitive adverse events 6 (9581) 0.7% 0.3% 133% (11 to 388) 269 (93 to 3257) *MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 serine protease; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Weighted PCSK9 inhibitor event rates, RRR, RRI, NNT, NNH, and CI calculated from control event rates and odds ratios in article using a random-effects model. Commentary Elevated blood cholesterol is a causal risk factor for CV disease (CVD) and mortality, and reduction in selected individuals is cost-effective (1). PCSK9 is a protein that regulates degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in hepatocytes. Gain-of-function mutations of the PCSK9 gene increase LDLR degradation and consequently elevate LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; they are responsible for approximately 5% of FH, a disease characterized by high and precocious risk for CVD (2). The reverse is also true: Loss-of-function mutations of the PCSK9 gene lead to lifetime exposure to lower cholesterol levels and reduced CVD risk (3). Recently, evolocumab and alirocumab, both fully human monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9, were approved for LDL-C reduction in Europe and the USA. This approval was based on drug efficacy, good tolerability, and apparent safety. However, no evidence exists that these drugs reduce CVD and mortality, and it's fair to question their long-term safety. The meta-analysis of 13083 patients in short-term phase 2 and 3 RCTs by Lipinski and colleagues found that PCSK9 inhibitors reduced LDL-C by 57% compared with placebo and by 36% compared with ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. PCSK9 inhibitors reduced all-cause mortality, had no effects on CVD events or CV mortality, and increased incidence of neurocognitive adverse events compared with placebo. These results, however, are based on only 37 deaths, 147 MACE, and 55 neurocognitive events. The numbers needed to treat and to harm are high and imprecise. We need the results of the robust placebo-controlled RCTs that are currently comparing the effectiveness and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors with statins (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663402, NCT01764633, NCT01975389, and NCT01975376). In the meantime, given the safety issues and formidable costs of PCSK9 inhibitors, these drugs should be reserved for refractory FH patients, for whom no RCTs of lipid-lowering agents to reduce CVD disease have been or will be done, and possibly for high CVD-risk statin-intolerant patients.


An analysis of 196 cases of testicular tumors treated at the U.S. Naval Hospital, San Diego, between 1945 and 1965, are presented and compared with those of other recent series. Results are similar to those of other recent series, especially to U.S. Army series. Prognosis, influenced by the histology of the tumor, was poorer in patients with groups II, IV and V lesions than in those with groups I and III lesions. There was a parallel relationship of the effects of clinical stage, symptom duration and testicular size on the survival of patients with carcinoma (group II + IV) but not, within certain limits, with that of patients with seminoma (group I). This indicates that, for patients with carcinoma, the longer the delay in treatment, the larger will be the tumor and the greater will be the risks of metastasis and early death. Gynecomastia or testicular pain or the discovery of testicular tumor due to early metastasis also affected survival. Radical treatment of the potential sites of metastasis, whether by high volume‐dose 60Co irradiation alone or in combination with lymphadenectomy, greatly improved the survival of patients with carcinoma over that obtained by low‐dose x‐irradiation alone from 40 to 75% whereas moderate volume‐dose 60Co irradiation improved slightly the previously high results obtained in seminoma by x‐irradiation alone from 85 to 98%.


The construction of Maxism is for the existence and development of the majority. It is concerned with human from beginning to end. Maxist ecological thought, in the consideration of the relation between human and nature , pays more attention to the objective, the value and the whole freedom of humanity.


The main objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of residual phosphorus delivered by the application of sewage sludge to the soil. The experiment was carried out in pots in a conditioned environment, using a two crops sequence, maize (Zea mays) followed by ryegrass (Lollium multiflorum). A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates, and thirteen experimental treatments as follows: (i) control, without phosphorus supply; (ii) four treatments with increasing levels of phosphorus supplied through sewage sludge; (iii) four treatments with increasing levels of phosphorous supplied through calcium phosphate and (iv) four treatments with the same levels of phosphorus but supplied through sludge plus calcium phosphate. The observed results show that in the first crop (maize), the supply of the maximum amount of sludge (equivalent to 120 t / ha) caused a decrease in biomass yield and led to a lower use of phosphorus by the crop, whereas a significant increase of the average production in all ryegrass cuts was obtained. This may be due to the inhibition of phytotoxic agents present in sewage sludge. Apparent phosphorus recovery was much higher in the second crop in all experimental treatments, which demonstrates the residual effect that occurs when this element is applied to the soil in organic and / or mineral form.


In this paper, we provide an information-theoretic interpretation of the Vector Quantized-Variational Autoencoder (VQ-VAE). We show that the loss function of the original VQ-VAE can be derived from the variational deterministic information bottleneck (VDIB) principle. On the other hand, the VQ-VAE trained by the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm can be viewed as an approximation to the variational information bottleneck(VIB) principle.


The contribution deals with the dynamics of induction machine during reswitching process from the main feeder on the stand‐by one. The main feeder may be a current source inverter in which case the machine, before switching off, may be operated with lower frequency than the frequency of the stand‐by supply net. It causes that the electromotive force on the opened machine terminals is no longer a measure of the magnitude of the rotor currents. The analysis was carried out with recognition for the magnetic saturation of the main flux.


There are numerous factors which affect slope Stability analysis. These main factors include: fluctuation of seepage line, variation of density and shearing strength of soil, tention cracks and slope shape . We try to replace these factors with physical elements or mechanical elements, and also, try to incorporate into the stability analysis of stratified slopes with these replaced elements. By applying this stability analysis of stratified slopes, we have tried to simulate a slope failure which occured at Murakuniyama Takefu city in Fukui prefecture. In this paper, we have made a report, a method of the stability analysis of stratified slopes and the camparing the result of the simulation with the field observation. キ ー ワー ド:地 す べ り,成 層 斜 面,安 定解 析


The symbiotic interaction between leguminous plants and soil bacteria leads to the formation of a new organ : the nodule. The molecular mechanisms controlling this interaction are not yet well understood. The interaction between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti represents an interesting model to study this symbiotic interaction. We have used a silencing approach with RNAi to investigate the function of the ENOD40 gene that is induced during the symbiotic interaction and encodes a short ORFs-containing RNA. Because of the lack of an appropriated viral vector for Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in M. Truncatula, transgenic lines expressing an RNAi construct directed against ENOD40 were produced. The phenotype and the molecular analysis of these transgenic lines, analyzed under three different growth conditions indicated that the ENOD40 induction is not required for the symbiotic interaction. Moreover, a second MtENOD40 gene, MtENOD40-2, was discovered during this study. These MTENOD40 genes differ by their transcription patterns and their putative peptide I sequences. In addition, in order to discover new nodulation mutants and the corresponding genes, we initiated the screening of two insertion mutant collections (T-DNA or Tnt1). Four untagged and two tagged symbiotic mutants were isolated using respectively 271 T-DNA lines and 200 Tnt1 lines. Thus, as a result of the multicopy nature of the Tnt1 element in the Tnt1 lines, screening of these lines seems to be more efficient for the discovery of new symbiotic mutants in M. Truncatula by forward and reverse genetic approaches.


Working with older adults requires specialized preparation in professional ethics. A rationale for including this training in the counseling curriculum and a possible approach to this instruction are presented.


Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the resolution of ST segment at 90 min of thrombolysis in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction as a predictor of short term outcome in terms of adverse events & mortality during hospital stay. Methods: A total of 50 patients with first episode of ST elevation myocardial infarction without any conventional contraindication for thrombolysis were taken for the study. Based on the percentage resolution of ST segment at 90 min of thrombolysis, patients were divided into three groups. Complete resolution (>70%), Partial resolution (30-70%) and No resolution (<30%). Results: In our study, 10(20%) patients had no resolution, 20(40%) had partial resolution and 20(40%) had complete resolution. During the hospital stay, No resolution group 4 of 10(40%) had adverse events and in hospital mortality was present in 5 of 10(50%) patients. In partial resolution group 11 of 20(55%) patients had adverse events and nil in-hospital mortality. Patients in complete resolution had fewer adverse events 7 of 20(35%) and nil in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Patients with No resolution of ST segment at 90 min of thrombolysis had frequent adverse events and higher mortality when compared to patients with partial and complete ST segment resolution.


The study of the efficiency of the grain economy has shown that its level is determined by production costs. Correlation and regression analysis of the factors of the production cost of 100 kg of grain has revealed that its value is determined, first of all, by the level of intensification of the industry and the yield capacity of grain and leguminous crops. According to the obtained result, in order to lower level the production cost of 100 kg of grain, the value of production costs per hectare of area under crops should not exceed 10.5 thousand rubles (the level of intensification) and the yield of grain and leguminous crops should not be less than 17.5 dt/ha. Otherwise, the production cost of 100 kg of grain will be too high, which will lead to a decrease in the profitability of the grain economy.


Water dissolved as trace amounts in anhydrous minerals has a large influence on the melting behavior and physical properties of the mantle. The water concentration of the oceanic mantle is inferred from the analyses of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) and Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB). but there is little data from actual mantle samples. Moreover, enriched mineralogies (pyroxenites, eclogites) are thought as important sources of heterogeneity in the mantle, but their water concentrations and their effect on the water budget and cycling in the mantle are virtually unknown. Here, we analyzed by FTIR water in garnet clinopyroxenite xenoliths from Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii. These pyroxenites are high-pressure (>20kb) crystal fractionates from alkalic melts. The clinopyroxenes (cpx) have 260 to 576 ppm wt H2O, with the least differentiated samples (Mg#>0.8) in the 400-500 ppm range. Orthopyroxene (opx) contain 117-265 ppm H2O, about half of that of cpx, consistent with other natural sample studies, but lower than cpx/opx equilibrium from experimental data. The pyroxenite cpx and opx H2O concentrations are at the high-end of on-and off-craton peridotite xenolith concentrations and those of Hawaiian spinel peridotites. In contrast, garnet has extremely low water contents (<5ppm H2O). There is no correlation between H2O in cpx and lithophile element concentrations. Phlogopite is present in some samples, and its modal abundance shows a positive correlation in Mg# with cpx, implying equilibrium. However, there is no correlation between H2O concentrations and or the presence of phlogopite. These data imply that cpx and opx may be at water saturation, far lower than experimental data suggest. Reconstructed bulk rock pyroxenite H2O ranges from 200-460 ppm (average 331 +/- 75 ppm), 2 to 8 times higher than H2O estimates for the MORB source (50-200 ppm), but in the range of E-MORB, OIB and the source of rejuvenated Hawaiian magmas. The average bulk rock pyroxenite H2O/Ce is 69 +/-35, lower than estimates of the MORB source (approx 150) or FOZO, C (200-250) mantle component, but consistent with "dry" EM sources (<100). These data suggest that a metasomatized, refertilized oceanic lithosphere that contains pyroxenitic veins (e.g. the lower part of an oceanic plate, where ascending melts can become trapped and crystallize), will have both higher water concentrations and low H2O/Ce, and may contribute to EM-type OIB sources, like that of Samoa basalts. Therefore, a low H2O/Ce mantle source may not necessarily be "dry".


The method for evaluating the vigilance of a vehicle driver from at least one statistical distribution of a quantity (N1, N2) of angle errors (PE (n)) of a steering wheel belonging each to a class (c) in a set of classes having a middle class ((Nc + 1) / 2), is characterized in that it comprises steps of: - increasing (112) a density of probability (P1 (c), P2 (c)) associated with a class (c) to which belongs (111) a phase error (PE (n)) that presents (101) at a current time; - reducing (126, 128) said probability density associated with the class (c) at a later time after observing (100) the said quantity (N1, N2) of angle errors (PE (n)).


The method using stress limit for designing of the motion screw was revised. The aim of the article was to modify the method algorithm for modern calculation methods maintaining units of given variables in computer software where it is available. The simplification, unification and utilization of coefficients and equations which could be used for also manual calculation were accomplished as well.


The molecular structures of XMg(A1H4) · 4 THF (1a, 2, 3a) (X = A1H4, Cl, Br) have been determined by X-ray structural analysis. Each compound possesses a hexacoordinated Mg center and AlH4− groups bound to this center via a single hydride bridge bond. Attempts to prepare ROMg(AlH4) compounds were successful only for sterically demanding groups R (R = CMe3, CPh3, naph, mes, smes). The 2-naphthoxy derivative 7, a compound with the composition (naphO)Mg-(AlH4) · 2.5 THF, is a dimer with a central Mg2O2 ring. One of its two AlH4− groups is terminally bound to one Mg atom, the other bridges the two Mg centers. This structure indicates how AlH4− transfer may occur from ROMg(AlH4) compounds to form Mg(OR)2 and Mg(AlH4)2.


This paper evaluates the first-differenced maximum likelihood (FDML) and the continuously updating system generalized method of moments (CU-GMM) estimators of dynamic panel models when the data is close to non-stationary. This case is far from trivial, as a high degree of persistence is the norm rather than the exception in economic panels, particularly in financial management. While the CU-GMM is shown to have lower bias and higher power, it suffers from severe size distortions, which are exacerbated when the data approaches non-stationarity.


Aim. To study how exogenous glucocorticoid drug triamcinolone acetonide influences the correlation between behavioral activity and levels in the brain. Materials and methods. To assess the glucocorticoid-related changes of free-radical oxidation the animals were administered glucocorticosteroid drug triamcinolone acetonide. Animals' behavioral reactions were studied using open-field actograph, and the levels of lipid peroxidation products and carbonylated proteins in the brain were measured. Results. Administration of exogenous glucocorticoid was associated with decrease in orientation response (number of upright postures) and self-cleaning behavior (grooming) when animals were tested in the open-field actograph. The exogenous glucocorticosteroid significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased protein carbonylation in the brain with parallel decrease of levels of MAO-B activity. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the exogenous glucocorticoid due to induction of microsomal enzymes of the tissue glucocorticoid metabolism leads to decrease in the levels of corticosterone. With this background, the level of MAO-B activity is decreased, and the level of lipid peroxidation is increased. The observed neurochemical changes specify the behavioral disorders.