In this paper, we focus on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted cooperative communication system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), where the UAV serves as a mobile relay and is powered by radio signal from the source via power-splitting mechanism. We study the end-to-end cooperative throughput maximization problem by optimizing the UAV's power profile, power-splitting ratio profile and trajectory for both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols. The problem is decomposed into two subproblems: 1) profile optimization and 2) trajectory optimization. The former one is solved via dual decomposition and the latter one is solved via successive convex optimization. Then the cooperative throughput is optimized by alternately solving the two subproblems. Simulation results show that with the proposed optimal solution, choice for the UAV's power profile and power-splitting ratio profile is more long-sighted than two greedy strategies and successive optimization for trajectory design can converge in a few rounds of iteration. The proposed optimal solution outperforms not only mobile and static greedy strategies but also a similar solution from an existing work without consideration of SWIPT with performance gain up to 30%. Moreover, we also show that the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is acceptable even with high improvement requirement.


Neurodevelopmental impairments may alter parents' sleep and add tremendous stress to their families' routine. This study examined the relationship between peritraumatic distress, and sleep disturbances among mothers who were exposed to the 2010 Haitian earthquake during pregnancy and whether this relationship is moderated by offspring's autistic behaviors.

 Sample includes 361 mother-offspring dyads [mean (SD) age= 27.31 (5.93); 3.1/2(3.88)] who survived the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Maternal data were collected 3 years following the event via the Earthquake Experience Questionnaire (EEQ), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), and the sleep items of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-S) (such as trouble falling or staying asleep, and repeated disturbed dreams in response to the disaster exposure). Child-related data were obtained from maternal completion of the Echelle d'Evaluation des Comportements Autistiques Revisee (ECAR) (Autistic Behaviors Scale Revised). Pearson Correlations, multilinear regression and interaction effect analyses were conducted to explore the association between peritraumatic distress, offspring's autistic behaviors and sleep disturbance among the participants.

 10.7% of mothers were caught under rubble or were seriously injured during the event. Three years later, 56.83% and 52.9% of them had consequent disturbed sleep and nightmares, respectively. Maternal sleep disturbance correlated positively with peritraumatic distress (r=.38, p=.01) and offspring autistic behaviors (r=.13, p=.05). As hypothesized, adjusting for covariates, peritramatic distress was the strongest predictor of maternal sleep disturbance (B=.310, p<.001). The relationship between maternal peritraumatic distress and sleep disturbance was modified by offspring autistic behaviors (B=.138, p= .015).

 This is the first study to document the prolonged effect of peritraumatic distress during the 2010 Haitian earthquake on mother's sleep disturbance and whether this relationship is moderated by offspring autistic behaviors. The findings support the importance of a sleep component in maternal and child health in disaster preparedness program.

 This study was supported by funding from the NIH: T32HL129953


Alternate freezing and thawing in springs,commonly occurring in mid-and high latitudes,is an important event in carbon cycles of terrestrial ecosystems,and also a temporal transition period in seasonal dynamics of soil respiration(RS).However,few field studies on RS and involved mechanistic processes during this period exist.We developed a latitudinal transect,comprising of 4 sites across the distribution range of boreal Dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii Rupr.) in northeastern China in the fall of 2004.The sites were matched as well as possible to have the same stand characteristics(8-year-old plantations) and site conditions.Four 10×10 m2 larch forest plots(trees + understory + ground cover + soil A and B horizons) at each site were transplanted to Mao'ershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station-the southern boundary of the Dahurian larch distribution range(127°30' E,45°20' N).The experiment was a completely randomized design including 4 treatments(sites) by 4 replicate plots.We used root exclusion method and an infrared gas exchange analyzer to measure RS and heterotrophic respiration(RH) for the transplanted larch forest ecosystems during the soil freezing and thawing period(between March and May 2006).The temperature dependency of RS was related to soil thawing stages.The diurnal patterns of RS and RH did not differ significantly among the treatments,but did in various thawing periods.The diurnal patterns of RS and RH were independent of soil temperature before the soil was completely thawed when they were strongly temperature-dependent.Pooling all data across the whole soil thawing process,we found that the RS and RH were significantly affected by soil temperature and water content across the 4 treatments(R2 = 0.569-0.743,P 0.001).The soil surface CO2 flux was predominantly composed of RH up till the end of April when the rhizospheric respiration(RR) occurred.The treatment,thawing period,and their interaction significantly affected both RS and RH.The mean values of RS and RH,and their differences increased with the soil thawing proceeding.During the soil thawing process,the RS and RH varied from 0.50-3.30 μmolCO2 m-2s-1 and 0.52-3.04 μmolCO2 m-2s-1,respectively.Under the same climate conditions,the RS and its sensitivity to soil temperature tended to increase with the latitude.Our results suggest a stronger response of vernal soil respiration for more northern Larix gmelinii forests under climate warming scenarios.


A unified theory of entrainment into the planetary boundary layer is presented. It is assumed that the rates of buoyant and shear production of turbulence kinetic energy can be determined in terms of the entrainment mass flux. An expression is derived from the conservation law for turbulence kinetic energy, which, with the introduction of an empirical parameter, can be used together with a second relation between turbulence kinetic energy and the turbulence velocity scale to obtain the mass entrainment flux. The theory provides descriptions of storage-limited entrainment, buoyancy-limited entrainment into a clear mixed layer, and shallowing. It has been incorporated into a simulation of Day 33 of the Wangara experiment using a simple mixed layer model.


Improvement of energy efficiency in the SunSmart Schools Emergency Shelters requires new methods for optimizing the energy consumption within the shelters. One major limitation in current systems is the requirement of converting direct current (DC) power generated from the PV array into alternating current (AC) power which is distributed throughout the shelters. Oftentimes, this AC power is then converted back to DC to run certain appliances throughout the shelters resulting in a significant waste of energy due to DC to AC and then again AC to DC conversion. This paper seeks to extract the maximum value out of PV systems by directly powering essential load components within the shelters that already run on DC power without the use of an inverter and above all to make the system reliable and durable. Furthermore, additional DC applications such as LED lighting, televisions, computers and fans operated with DC brushless motors will be installed as replacements to traditional devices in order to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Cost of energy storage technologies continue to decline as new technologies scale up and new incentives are put in place. This will provide a cost effective way to stabilize the energy generation of a PV system as well as to provide continuous energy during night hours. It is planned to develop a pilot program of an integrated system that can provide uninterrupted DC power to essential base load appliances (heating, cooling, lighting, etc.) at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) command center for disaster management. PV arrays are proposed to be installed on energy efficient test houses at FSEC as well as at private homes having PV arrays where the owners volunteer to participate in the program. It is also planned to monitor the performance of the PV arrays and functioning of the appliances with the aim to improve their reliability and durability. After a successful demonstration of the hybrid DC microgrid based emergency shelter together with the monitoring system, it is planned to replicate it at other schools in Florida and elsewhere to provide continuous power for essential applications, maximizing the value of PV generation systems.


Objective To understand the current situation of adolescents' interactive health literacy in Yanbian poverty-stricken area and associated social-ecological factors, so as to provide scientific basis for targeted health education and policy adolescents in this area in the future. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 818 junior high school students in grades 7 and 8 of all 4 junior high schools in Antu County in November 2019. Results The scores of interaction health literacy was in moderate level (101.38±20.12) in Yanbian poverty-stricken area. The average scores of all dimensions was (3.62土 0.96), stress management (3.35±1.08), interpersonal relationship (3.29±0.82), nutrition (3.21±1.02), health awareness (2.99±0.82), physical activity (2.68±0.85). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that grade, gender, BMI, perceived health care, perceived academic performance, participation in extracurricular activities, types of guardians, parenting style; perceived school health policy; average screen time were associated with the level of adolescent interactive health literacy ( P <0.05), explaining 54.5% of the total variation ( F = 35.97, P <0.01). Conclusion The health literacy level of adolescents in poverty-stricken areas is affected by personal, family environment, interpersonal relationship, school, media and other factors. It is recommended that future health literacy interventions for adolescents should consider the students themselves, as well as their socio-ecological environment. 【摘要】 目的 了解延边贫困地区青少年互动性健康素养现状及其社会生态学影响因素, 为开展该地区青少年的健康教 育和决策提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样法, 于2019年11月对安图县全部4所初中的七、八年级共818名初中生实 施问卷调查, 调查内容包括社会生态学资料和青少年互动性健康素养量表。 结果 延边贫困地区青少年互动性健康素养 得分为 (101.38±20.12)分, 处于中等水平, 各维度条目平均得分由高到低依次为精神成长 (3.62±0.96)分、压力管理 (3.35± 1.08)分、人际关系 (3.29±0.82)分、营养 (3.21±1.02)分、健康意识 (2.99±0.82)分、体力活动 (2.68±0.85)分。多元线性回归 分析结果显示, 年级、性别、体质量指数、自评健康关注、自评学习成绩、参加课余活动、监护类型、父母教养方式、自评学校 健康课程、日均视屏时间对青少年互动性健康素养水平有影响 ( P 值均<0.05), 共同解释总变异的54.5%( F = 35.97, P< 0.01)。 结论 贫困地区青少年健康素养水平受到个人、家庭环境、人际关系、学校、媒介等因素的影响, 青少年健康素养干 预要综合考虑学生自身及其所处的家庭、学校等可能影响学生健康成长的社会生态学因素。


AbstractThis paper develops a novel empirical strength criterion and proposes a manifold method for fracture initiation and propagation. First, to investigate the influencing factors of fractured rock mass strength, a set of uniaxial and biaxial compression tests were performed on gypsum specimens. According to the experimental results, rock mass strength is attributable to nonlinear relationships with fracture inclination angle, length, and lateral pressure. Then, on the basis of strength theory and tests, an improved empirical strength criterion, which can describe the multi-influence of fracture inclination angle, fragmentation degree, and lateral pressure on strength of the rock mass and the path of fracture propagation, was established. Moreover, the critical conditions of tensile and shear fracture for fracture propagation are proposed and used with a numerical manifold method to simulate fracture propagation. Furthermore, in the modeling, the manifold element is regarded as the basic failure elemen...


Impulsivity represents a multidimensional construct including motor impulsivity as a conceptually and neurobiologically distinguishable subdimension. Motor impulsivity is linked to deficits in motor inhibition and represents a part of symptomatology in different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, recent classification systems are considered to lack a biological approach to psychiatry based on a precise definition of neurocognitive endophenotypes (such as e.g. motor impulsivity) and objective description of the symptomatology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We, therefore, summarize in this work the present knowledge about motor impulsivity and its neurobiological background.


The target of our research is to contribute to the knowledge of
the theory and practice of the headteachers work in the context
of their life and professional careers. Life and professional
career is understood as an imaginary line created by an
individual along his/her aims in life. It is influenced by the
environment and related to the competencies, interests and
opportunities of each individual (Hierbert, Borgen, 2002;
Gysbers, Heppner, Johnston, 1998). This contribution will
present answers to a major question of our research: What
shapes the life and professional career of a headteacher of a
Czech school? We are mainly be interested in who becomes school
headteacher, in which stages of their lives headteachers adopt
their position, which particular stages in the execution of
their job are typical, which critical incidents are related to
the position of the headteacher, and so forth. The qualitative
approach, using a biographical design and a specific method of
life history, has been chosen as the basic interpretational and
methodological discourse. The choice of the biographical design
is reasoned by the premise that it is the headteachers
themselves who know best the work and the expectations related
to the headteachers role. The life history is then understood
as capturing the most important events having so far happened
to the individual under observation - namely the headteacher.
As numerous empirical examples show, this method makes it
possible to discern specific stages and periods in life and, as
well, contribute to their comprehension (Pascal, Ribbins,
1998). In this view, the main research method to be used is
depth interview, enhanced by a few modified techniques (such as
SWOT analysis in career planning, the portfolio of ones skills
and experience, projective techniques, etc). The collection and
analysis of data takes its course during the whole year 2008.
Our contribution presents some of the results of the
preliminary analyses, focusing the main attention on the
identified critical incidents in the development of the Czech
school headteachers life and professional careers. In other
words, we are presenting the key factors that have been shaping
their life and professional careers, observing such factors at
both horizontal and vertical levels. On the vertical axis,
critical events of the previous professional career will be
demonstrated. The horizontal axis follows the development of
the headteachers thinking and acting from the viewpoint of
their individual attitudes to management and leadership
processes. References COHEN, L., MANION, L., MORRISON, K..
Research Methods in Education. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2000.
s. 446. ISBN 0-415-19541-1 GYSBERS, N. C., HEPPNER, M. J.,
JOHNSTON, J. A. Career Counselling. Process, Issues, and
Techniques. USA: Allyn &Bacon, 1998. ISBN 0-205-17508-2 PASCAL,
CH., RIBBINS, P. Understanding Primary Headteachers. London:
Cassel, 1998. 251 s. ISBN 0-304-70268-4


An issue that bears continuous interest concerning Socrates is to determine the best terms to understand the link between his life and his philosophical practice. This paper aims to essay an introductory debate about this question. Thus, we begin with a reconstruction, in general lines, of the three main direct sources testimony, go forward from there to some current formulations with respect to the theme of examination to, lastly, review the whole question it in the light of the death of Socrates and of the deployments provided by his example regarding this point, now in the sphere of hellenistic schools.


Type : Poster Presentation No. : PGN 025 A Case of IgG4-related Tubulointerstitial Nephritis (TIN) Mimicking Renal Infarction Ji Won Lee, Won Min Hwang, Sung Ro Yun, Woo Suk Chung, Moon Hyang Park, Se Hee Yun Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Konyang University Hospital, Korea, Republic of Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Korea, Republic of Department of Pathology, Konyang University Hospital, Korea, Republic of Case Study: Introduction: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a systemic immune-mediate disorders shared particular clinicopathologic feature. Tubulointerstitial nephritis, most common form of IgG4-related kidney disease, present characteristic radiologic findings may be confused other renal disease. We report a case of IgG4 related tubulointerstitial nephritis, misdiagnosed as a renal infarction. Case presentation: A 51-year-old chronic pancreatitis patient was consulted to the nephrology because of decreased eGFR to 29.6mL/min/1.73m. On computed tomography, multifocal cortical low attenuation lesions with atrophic change in both kidneys were demonstrated. However, renal arteriography revealed no abnormal finding in both main renal artery and intrarenal arteries. Laboratory findings disclosed: ANA positive, complement C3: 70mg/dL, C4: 3mg/dL, serum IgG4: >340mg/dL, Anti-phospholipid antibody IgM/IgG: 162.7/18.2U/mL, BUN/Cr: 23/2.22mg/dL. Renal biopsy was performed. Glomeruli near the subcapusular area show ischemic change. The tubules show severe atrophy, focal degeneration and regenerative change with neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration. The interstitium is diffusely expanded with focal edema and diffuse fibrosis with dense infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. On immunohistochemistry, there are diffuse positive for CD138 with 102 IgG4+ cells/HPF. We started steroid therapy. 30mg oral prednisolone was administered initially and tapered. Serum creatinine level was decreased and eGFR recovered to 50 mL/min/1.73m2. C3, C4 and IgG4 levels were normalized progressively. Conclusion: In our case, CT findings were suspected renal infarction at first. The well demarcated, wedge-shaped poor enhanced cortex areas are typical of renal infarction, although they may mimic the patchy involvement of IgG4-TIN. We conclude that renal biopsy is gold standard to differentiate such lesion.


The SSI/LPSC laboratory is involved development of high intensity sources for the SP driver accelerator and in the improvements of breeding system for its operation inside a radioactive environment. The results obtained qualification of a 5 mAe/40 KV beam of Deu dedicated to the feeding of the driver will be Concerning the heavy ions, the source PHOEN GHz has been chosen as injector of the driver. SPIRAL II beam requirement is the reliable prod 1mAe / O 6+ and 0.3 mAe of Ar 12+ at 60 KV. The developments are presently realized with t temperature version of PHOENIX (includin version of the source's hexapole). In parallel, an version of PHOENIX, using HTS coils, construction and is dedicated to the prod


were not analyzed, and it would be of interest to study these as well. Antenatal (mild) trauma, coagulopathy, and especially neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia have been identified as underlying causative factors in case reports or small series of cases. –11 Familial porencephaly should also be considered, a dominant disorder with a mutation in COL4A1 on chromosome 13q34. This article expands the spectrum of PPIS and illustrates that hemiplegia, diagnosed in infancy in children thought well at birth, may also follow antenatal PVI. As new evidence-based rehabilitational interventions, such as constraint-induced movement therapy, is increasingly being used, it will be important to classify carefully the type of lesion underlying the deficits before starting any intervention. Kirton and colleagues have shown that antenatal PVI also needs to be considered when classifying children presenting with congenital hemiplegia.


One of the most important aspects of human development is the ability to have a decent standard of living. The secret of the "economic miracle" of many countries that have high standard of living, in fact, is simple and quite obvious. All these countries are characterized by high and sustained development of national economy, low unemployed population rate, growth of income and consumption. There is no doubt that economic growth leads to an increase in the wealth of the country as a whole, extending its potential in the fight against poverty, unemployment and solving other social problems. That is why a high level of economic growth is one of the main targets of economic policy in many countries around the world. This brief literature review discusses main existing theories and models of economic growth, its endogenous and exogenous aspects. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the current state of development of the economic growth theories and to determine their future directions of development.


The Dickcissel (Spiza americana) is a neotropical migratory bird that has declined 40% over the years since it was first censused in 1966 throughout its breeding range in North America. The decline has been caused by excessive overwinter mortality resulting from control programs on the wintering range in Venezuela, where the bird is considered to be an agricultural pest. Rice and sorghum farmers kill the birds because they damage crops, but the relationship between the birds and crops has been poorly described. We use demographic, physiological, and ecological data to develop descriptive models that allow us to understand the scope of Dickcissel crop damage. These models show that Dickcissels actually consume relatively small proportions of Venezuela's rice and sorghum production, suggesting that farmers' general perceptions of the magnitude of the problem are exaggerated, even though some individual farmers do suffer greater than average losses. Our data and models can be used as the basis for negotiating a solution to the conflict between farmers and Dickcissels.


Relatively cool tropical climate with high annual rainfall experienced in mountainous tropical region creates favorable agricultural areas where intensive agricultural practices often correlate with increasing landslide events. While it has long been associated with landslides, agricultural practice in such areas especially in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia continues to flourish with minimal regard to environmental sustainability and safety. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the relationship between human activities and landslide occurrences and identify human practices that directly or indirectly cause landslides. Aerial photograph was used to identify landslides and anthropogenic features while other remotely sensed data including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) were used to establish the geomorphology of study area. A total of 207 landslides were identified in a 25 km2 area from remote sensing study and field mapping. They were superimposed over several potential contributing factors including geology, slope gradient and human activities. This study found that landslides are more likely to occur in areas greater than 15° of slope angle. The main factor, however, is the human factor where 164 landslides (79.22% of total identified landslides) were located in agricultural lands. Poorly planned and engineered agricultural farms were identified as the main causal factors for landslide occurrences at the study area, either directly or indirectly. These issues were observed through remote sensing study using aerial photograph which were then verified through site observations. New district development plan called for a stricter regulations in new tourism and agricultural developments. Improvements should also be implemented on existing agricultural activities where most of these landslides were located at this area. Therefore, in addition to controlling new developments, improving of existing agricultural practices in Cameron Highlands shall be a major focus in ensuring slope safety and their sustainability.


The first section of the Fair Housing Act1 declares that "[i]t is the policy of the United States to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States."2 If the United States has been officially committed to providing for fair housing for the past 20 years, why is segregated housing still the prevailing norm throughout our nation? Why does discrimination still regularly occur when minority homeseekers venture into white areas? Why are the opportunities for living in stable, integrated neighborhoods only marginally better now than they were a generation ago in the days of Lyndon Johnson, Everett McKinley Dirksen, and Martin Luther King, Jr.? In short, why has the Fair Housing Act accomplished so little? This conference is an attempt to address these important questions. Earlier panels discussed the roles of federal, state, and local governments in enforcing the Fair Housing Act. This panel will examine what private people and private organizations can do and why their roles are so crucial. In many ways, private efforts under the Act have been more successful than governmental enforcement. A recounting of the impressive isolated achievements of private persons and local fair housing organizations, however, must not lull us into a sense of complacency. The fundamental question remains: can a law that relies so heavily on private enforcement ever succeed in systematically attacking the widespread patterns of discrimination and segregation in America's housing?


The end of the Second World War in Europe left millions of people out of place, including Jews left in concentration camps, forced laborers in the huge Nazi work camp system, and many Germans as well. For roughly a million of these people, no immediate return to their home countries was possible, and the United States—although very slowly—ultimately resettled the largest number of them. One important thread in these US efforts was the intent to make the resettlement program a fully national one. Those efforts are seen most clearly in states that would not at that time have been obvious destinations for displaced persons, or at least not obvious destinations for relatively large numbers of them. This article examines three states—North Dakota, Minnesota, and Mississippi. The resettlement program may not have been fully coherent in policy goals, including veering sharply at times from the original humanitarian intent. Yet the program worked well on its own terms and set a new standard for state and local involvement in resettlement that has continued through the major surges of refugees to the United States since then, including recent efforts on behalf of those from Afghanistan and Ukraine. This US experience of refugee resettlement through a flexible federal/state/local system, with strong involvement from both public and private sectors, remains a crucial experiment in resettlement and a reminder of the ways refugee and immigration policies and programs are intertwined.


Farmer's specialty cooperatives have important functions in promoting agricultural development and improving farmer's income.One of the main tasks of farmer's specialty cooperatives is to find out the needs of farmers.We interviewed 500 households from the administrative villages of Yong'an City,Fujian province.The survey results showed that the following factors had significant influence: the awareness level,the proportion of agricultural product income to the total household income,and the effectiveness of the farmers' specialty cooperatives for meeting the needs of farmers,etc.


We develop a self-contained pedagogical introduction to monetary measures of risk. This part deals with general definitions and a treatment of Value-at-Risk.


Abstract Walser German is an archaic variety of Alemannic still spoken in few isolated communities in the Italian Alps. These dialects are characterized by extreme variability, language contact and decay. Moreover, they have developed independently from one another, partly because of different sociolinguistic conditions and partly because lack of contact from one another. Today, this variety of linguistic outcomes and sociolinguistic contexts offers us wealth of linguistic material that can help us reconstruct the development of innovative syntactic structures in subordination and of a mixed system of complementizers.


Hand gesture recognition (HGR) based on surface electromyogram (sEMG) and accelerometer (ACC) signals has attracted increasing attention. The design of an effective multimodal fusion strategy plays a vital role. Existing studies fuse sEMG and ACC either in a low-level data space or in a high-level decision space. These fusion strategies result in insufficiently representing intramodal specificity and intermodal association simultaneously. Meanwhile, current fusion methods tend to neglect multiscale characteristics and hierarchical relationships and rarely specifically take into account the possible low discrimination in similar gestures. To address these issues, we propose a novel and practical hybrid fusion (HyFusion) model with multiscale attention and metric learning, to improve the performance of HGR based on sEMG and ACC. In HyFusion, a fusion framework including parallel intramodal and intermodal branches is first designed to adequately explore intramodal specificity and intermodal association simultaneously. Furthermore, the fusion of multiscale hierarchical features in each branch is conducted through a multiscale spatial attention (SA) module to generate more effective features. Finally, with the joint supervision of softmax and metric learning loss, HyFusion extracts features that maximize intraclass aggregation and interclass differentiation, thus particularly facilitating distinguishing similar gestures. The proposed HyFusion is validated on three public datasets (Ninapro DB2, DB3, and DB7), involving transradial amputees and healthy subjects. The results demonstrate that HyFusion achieves state-of-the-art performance.


A zero-gap state with a Dirac cone type energy dispersion was discovered in the organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 under high hydrostatic pressures [1-6]. This is the first two-dimensional (2D) zero-gap state discovered in bulk crystals with a layered structure. In contrast to the case of graphene, the Dirac cone in this system is highly anisotropic [1, 2]. The present system, therefore, provides a new type of massless Dirac fermion systems with anisotropic Fermi velocity. This system exhibits remarkable transport phenomena characteristic to electrons on the Dirac cone type energy structure. Temperature (T) dependence of the carrier density (n), written as n=AT, is a characteristic feature of the 2D zero-gap structure [6]. Slope A depends on the Fermi velocity which is estimated to be about 10 cm/s. On the other hand, the resistivity per layer (sheet resistance RS) is given as RS = h/e and is independent of temperature [6]. The effect of a magnetic field on samples in the zero-gap system was examined. In the zero-gap system, n=0 Landau level (zero-mode) always appears at the contact points of Dirac cones under the magnetic field normal to the 2D plane. Zero-mode Landau carriers give rise to strong negative inter-layer magnetoresistance [7, 8]. This is a characteristic feature of transport in multilayer massless Dirac Fermions systems. At high magnetic field, spin splitting of the zero-mode level plays an important role in determining the carrier density. It works to reduce the density. Inter-layer resistance depends on the magnetic field (B) and the temperature as exp(μBB/kBT) [8].


This paper describes the empirical framework that was developed and successfully implemented to monitor and assess the progress of Digital Government development and transformation in the States in India. Digital India is a flagship program of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The monitoring of progress of Digital Government development and transformation in the States in India is done at 2 levels - at the strategic level by an Apex Committee of the Government of India, and at the operational level by the respective State Level Apex Committees. Given the diversity of the States a need was felt that decision makers need near real-time, detailed critical data on key dimensions of the digital governance environment at the operational level that would help them identify priority areas for digital government transformation. This paper establishes through technical literature survey that it is necessary to develop and adopt suitable frameworks and tools dedicated to measure the maturity of digital government transformation in the country on near real-time basis. It then presents a structured, data-centric framework designed and implemented to provide timely data to decision-makers on the maturity of digital government transformation in the country. In conclusion, the paper validates this successfully implemented framework to demonstrate that, in addition to the high-level assessment carried out in the country, there is also a need for a structured framework to effectively measure and monitor the Digital Government development and transformation on a near real-time basis.


Due to an aging population and increasing demands, the working environment for health care institutions changes continuously. Therefore, nurses need to engage in work-related learning in addition to formal learning. The present study aimed to understand the relation between social support of colleagues and supervisors and the participation in WRL activities by nurses, mediated by occupational self-efficacy. A survey was used to determine the relationships between the above mentioned factors. From the research it was found that social support of supervisor influences work-related learning activities to a greater extent than social support of colleagues. Social support of the supervisor predicted all learning activities, while social support of the colleagues only predicted social informal learning activities. However, occupational self-efficacy mediated the relationship of social support of colleagues with informal learning activities. This research contributes to evidence of the relation of social support of the supervisor and social support of colleagues with participating in work-related learning activities. It is important to emphasize that in literature, the role of the supervisor is researched many times, while colleagues are less mentioned. This research proved that colleagues also contribute for an important part for WRL. In addition, occupational self-efficacy is involved in this relation.. As a follow-up research, it can be interesting to research if and how awareness of nurses of WRL activities can be stimulated by colleagues. This will add to the knowledge of support of colleagues in the field of WRL and provide guidelines in the practice of stimulating learning.


The risks in the evaluation of mining projects are directly related to the probability of errors in the estimates, and, as the estimates are based on sampling results, this activity must be performed in a careful and planned way, to prevent surprises at the beginning of operation. To validate the representativeness of the borehole samples selected for the mineral processing studies, the geological resources evaluation team proposed a methodology based on the utilization of statistical analyses that, beyond considering the spatial distribution of the samples in the deposit, also assessed if they are representative of the populations under investigation. With this data, the geologist is able to make a fast analysis of the sampling's representativeness.


ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 18/07/2016 Accepted: 24/12/ 2016 Available online: August 2017 This study was carried out to determine the level of contamination (Total bacterial count and the contaminants (Salmonella and E. coli) in some animal products (meat, milk and egg), that sold in four public markets in Khartoum state (Jackson, Mayo, Alftahab and Souk Seta). The assessment of total bacterial count and the contaminants (Salmonella and E. coli) of animal product samples was done in the microbiological laboratory (Kuku complex) Sudan University Science and Technology. The result of bacterial contamination revealed no significance difference between meat, milk and egg samples of different markets, hence Souk Seta meat samples reported highest bacterial count ((5.33±3.06 CFU/g)×10 6 ), whereas in milk samples Alftahab market recorded the highest bacterial count ((6.00±2.00 CFU/g)×10 6 ), similarly, Mayo market reported highest total bacterial count in egg, ((5.00±1.00 CFU/g)×10 6 ). The bacterial contaminants results showed the presence of Salmonella and /or E. coli in meat, milk and eggs samples in the four public markets in Khartoum state.  2017 Sudan University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved


Summary An ultrasensitive and rapid method for the determination of epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin was developed using capillary zone electrophoresis with on-line chemiluminescence detection. Under the optimal conditions, the analytes were baseline separated within 12 min. The limits of detection in turn were 0.60 pg mL−1 for epicatechin, 0.50 pg mL−1 for rutin, and 1.0 pg mL−1 for quercetin. The developed method was an easy and reliable method of determining these analytes concentrations in tea, extract Ginkgo biloba, and rutin tablet, demonstrating the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method.


In the science of wealth management, client profiling (understanding of
the client profile) is a process, which is very important and can determine the
success of a wealth manager. Client profiling is related to the attitude of a person,
and therefore to better understand the client profiling, a wealth manager must
understand the science of behavioral finance of client or potential investors.
Behavioral finance is the science, which studies human financial behavior. In
behavioral finance found that demographic factors such as gender, age,
educational background, occupation, and risk profile of investors is associated
with their investment decisions


Novel dual modified PU membranes were prepared by β-cyclodextrin (CD) crosslinking and carbon fiber (CF) filling. The structures, thermal stabilities, morphologies and surface properties were characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, XRD and contact angle. PV performances were investigated for the mixture of phenol and water. The dual modified membranes showed not only higher permeability, but also better selectivity than PU membranes. At 80°C for the 0.5 wt% phenol aqueous solution, the total flux of PU was 6.59 kg μm m−2 h−1, while the PU-CD-CF-1 and PU-CD-CF-2 were 8.10 kg μm m−2 h−1 and 7.77 kg μm m−2 h−1 respectively; the separation factor of PU was 8.94, while the PU-CD-CF-2 and PU-CD-CF-1 were 39.63 and 37.55, respectively.


In this paper,H∞ filter is used in initial alignment of strapdown inertial navigation system.Its performance is studied through simulation and experiments.How to set the parameter is studied.It is shown that when the parameter of H∞ filter is right the convergent speed of azimuth angle by H∞ filter is faster than that by Kalman filter.However,when the parameter is wrong,H-infinity filtering will get divergent.This means that though H∞ filter may improve the convergent speed of azimuth angle its own robustness may be attenuated.For this reason,in real system the parameter of H∞ filter must be set right to guarantee the speed of initial alignment and the robustness of filtering.In practice the parameter is set as a very small value first.Then,tune it step by step to get the best performance.


The present invention improves the usability of a component supply system for supplying randomly loaded components to the component-receiving section of an automatic assembly device. When moving a component support member (150) forward with respect to a component feeder (82), the components are supported in a scattered state on a component support surface (198) by vibrating the component feeder (82) and discharging the components from the component feeder (82) onto the component support surface. An imaging device (90) is moved in the transverse direction to photograph multiple components on the component support surface (198) at one time and lead-equipped components (480) that are in a state suitable for pick-up are picked up by the suction nozzle of a component-holding head (300). The suction nozzle is rotated and revolved to place the component (480) with the lead facing downward in the component-receiving member (460) of a component carrier (450, 452) positioned in a component-receiving position. Component carriers that have accepted a component (480) are moved to a component-delivery position and deliver the component (480) to the installation head of an electronic circuit assembly device. The components (480) remaining on the component support surface (198) are returned to the component feeder (82) by a component-returning device (88).


Canine distemper and parvovirus infections are amongst of the most important infectious diseases of dogs. yntneceR, the range of reports of vaccinated dogs that developed canine distemper and parvovirus infections have multiplied throughout the world. The goals of this study were to evaluate the immune and hematological responses against canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) after vaccination using two commercially available vaccines. In addition, the antigenic differences between the vaccine strains of CDV and CPV and the current wild-type strains were analyzed to determine possible relationships between these vaccine strains and recent field outbreaks in vaccinated populations. The immune response of both vaccines was determined using serum neutralization and Dot-ELISA. Specific neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper and parvovirus were present in the sera of dogs three weeks after the initial vaccination for both vaccines. Peak antibody titers were documented from the second month post vaccination. Both vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and stimulate a humoral immune response. Results of serum neutralization test and Dot-ELISA were closely similar and correlated with each other. Genetic variations between strains included in both commercial vaccines and circulating wild-type strains suggest that variant strains are most likely responsible for field outbreaks of CDV and CPV in vaccinated dogs.


The soft of industrial control CITECT is acted as design interface of the system,it has accomplished real time data collection and monitor of surface kiln,it is supplied the function that see about and print history data.Computer monitor is adopted,it can carry out timing write of data,the writing result is automatic written to the DBF text according to the CITECT program and display on the EXCEL table.The operation and manage is more easy and convenience.


Feller's (1971) 'Waiting time for the bus paradox1 is explained by the fact that the long Interarrival times have a better chance of covering an arbitrary point in time than do short interarrival times, This gives rise to size biased sampling and the length of the Interarrival time that contains the arbitrary point has a moment distribution, This paper deals with the characterization of the exponential distribution based on this 'Waiting time paradox'. Similar characterizations of the binomial, the negative binomial, the Poisson and the geometric distributions are obtained.


We must depend on the Worker Class in the innovation of state-owned enterprise, and construct the ensure system to keep the host position of worker class,so as to create a good inner environment for the innovation.


The present research examined novice and expert flight performance in simulated routine and announced instrument failure flight conditions. Pilots flew routine flight segments under simulated instrument flight rules, and were informed there would be an instrument failure at some point. Microsoft Flight Simulator was used to simulate a slow vacuum failure that impacted the attitude indicator and the failure was explicitly displayed in large letters on the instrument panel throughout the failure segment. Although novices and experts showed minimal axis deviations from optimal during routine flight maneuvers, the novice deviations increased significantly in the announced failure condition. The results have implications for the efficacy of instrument failure indicators for novice pilots with approximately ninety-five hours of flight experience.


Aiming at the technical problems of communication equipment support, combined with the classification of communication elements and the extraction of eigenvalues, this paper uses the comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the effectiveness of the comprehensive technical support capability of each element. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights respectively, and then the characteristics are comprehensively weighted in combination with them. Finally, the grey correlation method is used to rank the element support effectiveness, the feasibility of the algorithm model is proved by simulation.


The article analyzes the nation‑building process in Central Europe in the context of conditions and specific character of historical processes. It identifies the origin of the dilemma in Central Europe: political or ethnic‑cultural nations. The study shows why ethnic‑cultural communities developed in this region. It also describes the extent and the dynamics of disputes over the problem between the most important political trends arisen in Central Europe, and emphasizes the intensity of rivalry over this question in the interwar years, primarily in the Second Republic of Poland, the Kingdom of Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The paper also analyzes the style of thinking practiced by the adherents to the concept of Central European political nations: Józef Piłsudski, Tomaš G. Masaryk, and Miklós Horthy.


The invention dihydro separating the effluent of the formylation reactor in the gas phase and the liquid phase (a), and separating the bottom fraction containing top fraction and a rhodium catalyst containing an olefin and an aldehyde unconverted liquid (b) and and a bottom fraction, characterized in that it comprises a step (c) to cool to a lower temperature than the effluent temperature of the hydroformylation reactor and supplying a gas containing carbon monoxide in the bottom fraction, dihydro-olefins corresponding to using a rhodium catalyst formate milhwa by relates to a process for producing a C Hydroformylation, the aldehyde, the rhodium catalyst, an olefin, carbon monoxide


A unified model for reverberation and submerged object scattering in a stratified medium is developed from a full‐field theory for scattering in a waveguide. The advantage of the unified approach is that it enables consistent predictions to be made of the target‐echo‐to‐reverberation ratio as a function of range and depth. A full‐field waveguide scattering theory is especially necessary for shallow‐water applications since simpler but approximate methods based on free‐space scattering, such as the sonar equation, can be in error by many orders of magnitude depending on target shape, size relative to the wavelength, and environment. The model is applied to determine whether submerged targets can be detected above seafloor reverberation for a variety of water column and sediment types, sonar and target locations, and target shapes and sizes. The model is also applied to determine conditions necessary for discrete geomorphological features of the seafloor and sub‐seafloor to be detected above diffuse seafloo...


Polymorphism among individuals of dragonflies belonging to same genus and species was studied using molecular technique RAPD-PCR analysis. The RAPD banding pattern reflected the genetic diversity among Pantala flavescens. Reproducible and distinct polymorphic bands ranging approximately 200 bp to 2500 bp were generated with 5 RAPD primers. Operon c series primers OPC 7 and OPC 10 yielded unique bands of 1000 bp, 650 bp and 1100 bp which can be utilized for developing molecular markers for species identification specific for locations. The scoring pattern generated was utilized to construct the distance matrix using POPGENE 32 v1.31.


A novel carbamoylated inulin was made by the reaction of inulin with octadecyl isocyanates, and the carbamoylated inulin can significantly decrease the interfacial tension and exhibit high could points in the electrolyte media. Moreover, without any cloudiness was found at the conditions of 100 ℃, 4 mol/L NaCl and 1 mol/L MgSO4. The results presented here demonstrated that the carbamoylated inulin was a better surfactant. These high cloud points in electrolyte solutions could not be reached with polyethylene glycol(PEG). This clearly demonstrated the superiority of carbamoylated inulin when compared with surfactants based on polyethylene glycol(PEG). It demonstrated the emulsion with modified inulin as surfactant is stable when it is stored.


We study here the effect of flow profile on the density and temperature gradient perturbations in a plasma fluid medium. The result shows that the flow profile has an extensive role to play in the general stability of the perturbations. For some type of profiles, the perturbations tend to get stabilised, whereas for other type of profiles these are excited. This result might have a crucial role to play in designing the turbines in a wind energy generator, and with a proper choice of flow profiles, the efficiency of the energy generation could be enhanced to a substantial extent.


Welcome to the special double issue of IASSIST Quarterly 2021 (IQ vol. 45(3-4) 2021).
IASSIST is an acronym. You may think that the word is the contraction of the two words 'I assist'. In my mind, you are right! Whether the word IASSIST or the long explanation of seven words came first is the problem of the chicken and the egg. However, it is undisputed that when it is spelled out, the first I in IASSIST is for International. That has been so from its founding in 1974. Having IASSIST members in USA, Canada, and some (west) European countries was for a long time what we myopic westerners considered to be international. It is with great pleasure that IASSIST Quarterly now presents a double issue from a regional workshop in Africa. Even in 2021, it is only a small number of IASSIST's members who are from regions not part of the western world. However, having a special issue from the African region is an important contribution to making IASSIST truly international. The phrase 'think globally, act locally' is a good framing of the compressed word 'glocal'.
This special issue was compiled by guest editors Winny Nekesa Akullo and Robert Stalone Buwule, and they were also behind the Africa Regional Workshop that took place at Makerere University (Kampala, Uganda) on January 11 to 13, 2021. Winny Nekesa Akullo works as Head, Library and Documentation Centre at Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority in Uganda, and is the IASSIST Africa Regional Secretary. Robert Stalone Buwule is Senior Assistant Librarian at Kyambogo University, also in Uganda.
The themes of the workshop addressed a world issue: 'Data Literacy as a catalyst for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)'. Thus, global problems were addressed from a local viewpoint. Great thanks to Winny and Robert for their lead in the arrangement of the workshop and extra thanks to them for collecting, editing, and making the papers of the regional workshop available to us all, and for making the regional international and the local global.
Enjoy the reading!
Karsten Boye Rasmussen - December 2021


Anatomy and histology of the female genital system of two closely mountain newts are studied. In both species the histology of reproductive system are the same, a thin layer of tunica albuginea covers the ovary. According to morphological characteristics the follicular stage in these two species can be divided into three main phases: the previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature oocytes phase. During previtellogenic phase, the oocytes show homogenous strong basophilic ooplasm, nucleoli migrate beneath the nucleolemma and cortical alveoli are appeared. In the vitellogenic phase, the nucleonemma becomes convoluted and yolk droplets appear. In the mature phase an increase in the oocytes size and migration of the nucleus to the animal pole happens. The oviducts in these species are a pair of highly convoluted tubes, which are placed ventral to the vertebral column, from base of lung to cloaca. Oviducts can be divided into three parts according to their morphological characteristics: infundibulum, ampula and ovisac. The oviduct is composed of a luminal mucosa, a lamina propria, a circular muscle layer, and an outer serosa.


Objective:To investigate and analyze the profile of the present status of the Head nurse Performance Evaluation in Grade III-A Hospitals.Methods:285 head nurses in 10 Grade III-A Hospitals in Harbin were investigated using Head Nurse Performance Evaluation and Behavior Observation Scale.Results:The score for interpersonal relationship management is the highest among the four subscales,followed by human resource management,scientific research and teaching management and nursing quality management.Conclusion:The head nurses have strong interpersonal relationship management ability and pay more attention to the quality of nursing;Managers should pay attention to Head nurses who have been a head nurse for 5 to 10 years;give full play to their core role;promote the improvement of the whole management level of the Head nurses.


This book is a compilation of research and practise questioning the relationship between airports, regional developments and urban planning. It is structured in two parts, research and case studies, as well as practise and policy approaches. It answers questions like: how can airports be perceived as part of the urban structure? Which economic effects foster spatial development at airports? Which policy approaches exist to tackle the various conflicts in the airport-region relationship?


As the integration of electronic components grow so does the need for low power, low cost, and high-speed devices. These have resulted in an increased need for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible materials and fabrication technique for novel structures as well as accurate models of the electromagnetic field behavior in them. Recent advances in materials technology and fabrication techniques have made it feasible to consider silicon (Si)-based optical materials and photonic crystal (PhC) devices having physical dimensions of the order of the optical wavelength as the possible means to achieve these needs. Research has shown that light emission from Si is possible in low-dimensional state, i.e., Si-nanocrystals (Si-ncs). Furthermore, three-dimensional (3-D) control of light compatible with CMOS fabrication technology is required in order to fully integrate optical functionalities into the existing Si-technology. However, the difficulties in the fabrication of 3-D PhC waveguides have resulted in using two-dimensional (2-D) PhC structures. Finally, numerical simulations provide a framework for quick low-cost feasibility studies and allow for design optimization before devices are fabricated. In this dissertation, we present our efforts along these directions. This dissertation addressed the method of obtaining high quantum efficiency from Si-ncs compatible with CMOS processing. Si ions were implanted into a fused-silica substrate (10 mm×10 mm×1 mmt) at room temperature in the Takasaki ion accelerators for advanced radiation application (TIARA) of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The implantation energy was 80 keV, and the implantation amount was 2×1017 ions/cm2. The Si-implanted substrate was cut into four pieces (5 mm×5 mm×1 mmt) using a diamond-wire saw, and the four pieces were annealed in ambient air at 1100, 1150, 1200, and 1250 oC for 25 min in a siliconit furnace. PL spectra were measured at room temperature with excitation using a He-Cd laser (λ=325 nm). Ultraviolet (UV)-PL spectra having peaks around a wavelength of 370 nm were observed from all the samples. In our experiments, the UV-PL peak had a maximum intensity after annealing at 1250 oC, and the longer wavelength PL peak around 800 nm observed from the samples annealed at 1100 and 1150 oC disappeared by annealing above 1200 oC. The two PL peaks of the Si-ion-implanted samples may have originated from interface layers between Si-ncs and SiO2 media. However, we successfully obtained only the UV-light emission peaks by selecting the proper annealing temperatures. UV-light-emitting materials are expected to be useful as light sources for next-generation optical-disk systems whose data densities are higher than Blu-ray Disk systems. Additionally, this dissertation addressed the numerical modeling of PhC devices. Accurate computations can provide a detailed understanding of the complex physical phenomena inherent in PhC devices. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, which is widely used by many researchers around the Globe, is a powerful tool for modeling PhC devices. We developed a modified and easy FDTD method based on a regular Cartesian Yee's lattice for calculating the dispersion diagram of triangular lattice PhCs. Our method uses the standard central-difference equation, which is very easy to implement in any computing environment. The Bloch periodic boundary conditions are applied on the sides of the unit cell by translating the periodic boundary conditions to match with the directions of periodicity in the triangular lattice. Complete and accurate bandgap information is obtained by using this FDTD approach. Convergence, accuracy, and stability analysis were carried out, which ensures the reliability of this method. Numerical results for 2-D transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in triangular lattice PhCs are in good agreement with results from 2-D plane wave expansion method. The obtained results are in consistence with the reported ones. To ease the practical application of this method, clear explanations on the computer implementation are also provided. Finally, this dissertation addressed the use of CMOS-compatible fabrication method and 2-D periodic structures to realize the control of light in 3-D. In particular, we designed, analyzed and fabricated novel PhC waveguides utilizing Si-ion implantation and 2-D periodic structures. The transport of ions in matter (TRIM) prediction of implantation depth distribution profile (1×1017 ions/cm2, 80 keV) shows the range of about 150 nm. Assuming the effective refractive index of the Si-rich region to be 1.89 and by using FDTD method, the PhC design parameters based on the telecommunication wavelength (λ=1.55 μm) were obtained by varying the radius to lattice constant ratio (r/a) from 0.2 to 0.45. We analyzed both TE and TM mode propagation in triangular-lattice PhCs. The designed parameters were found to be a=664 nm and r/a=0.35. The PBG spanned from normalized frequency of 0.39 to 0.46 [2πc/a] in the TE-mode triangular lattice and the gap to midgap ratio was 0.16. The designed pattern was fabricated and the diameter, the period and the depth of air holes of the waveguide were estimated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to be 464, 666 and 175 nm, respectively. Numerical results using FDTD characterization show that, straight line PhC waveguides can achieve ≈100% transmission, while the 60o bend showed ≈80% transmission owing to the dispersion mismatch at the two 60o bends. These results may serve as useful guides and components in future highdensity photonic integrated circuits associated with optical communications, computing, and signal processing.


The Gillard Government supports the principle of national treatment—that foreign and domestic businesses are treated equally under the law. However, the Government does not support provisions that would confer greater legal rights on foreign businesses than those available to domestic businesses. Nor will the Government support provisions that would constrain the ability of Australian governments to make laws on social, environmental and economic matters in circumstances where those laws do not discriminate between domestic and foreign businesses. The Government has not and will not accept provisions that limit its capacity to put health warnings or plain packaging requirements on tobacco products or its ability to continue the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.


Three new ruthenium sensitizers [Ru(H2dcbpy)(LX)(NCS)2] [H2dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2,2′-bipyridine, and LX = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (RuLF), 4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (RuLN), or 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (RuLC)], have been designed and synthesized. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the device using the RuLF sensitizer gave a conversion efficiency of 7.28%, compared to 7.50% optimized for the N719 dye. The power-conversion efficiency of RuLF is 24% and 66% higher than those of RuLN and RuLC, respectively, due to a remarkable fluoro-substitution effect. The origins of this effect have been thoroughly investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Our results show the fluoro-substitution serves as the key factor for improving the device performance, the role of which is to increase the dye density on TiO2, alter the molecular packing, and tune the electron donating property. These findings may provide an alternative strategy for the design of a new type of ruthenium sensitizer by the introduction of C–F bonds to the auxochromic ligand to improve the device performance.


In modern world, due to enormous demand for the cloud storage there are high chances of data duplication. Hence, redundancy create problem by increasing storage space and so storage cost. Inline Deduplication used to check duplicity before uploading data. Sometimes while restoring data failures or corrupting data can heavily create problem for users. Erasure coding can be used to encoding and storing on multiple cloud servers to recover data in any failure. Here, we are proposing system which is using hashing to detect duplicate data and erasure to generate encoded hash values for recovery purpose. To evaluate the performance of system, experiments are carried out on multiple files, ranging from 1KB to 100MB. Experimental output proves that the proposed system is much better than existing one, in terms of minimized storage space capacity and data recovery.


An Overview of DDoS Attacks in Cloud Environment Nagaraju kilari Department of Computer Science, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Dr. R. Sridaran Marwadi Education Foundation's Group of Institutions, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Email: email@example.com ----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------Cloud computing is one of the emerging technologies in which a huge amount of storage, data and services are available over the internet. The main advantage of cloud computing environment is the users have to pay only for what they use. Cloud services are distributed in nature so they can be sharable by millions of users. Because of this, the cloud environment has numerous security challenges. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is most prominent security attack in cloud computing. DDOS is the largest threat which can impact on the availability of cloud services since it has multi-tenant architecture. This paper highlights various DDoS attacks and its countermeasures.


AbstractPractical applications of functionally graded materials (FGMs) already in use or under development in Japan are reviewed. Combustion chambers for reusable rocket engines, which are fabricated using silicon carbide/carbon carbon composite (SiC/CC) and zirconia/nickel (ZrO2/Ni) FGMs, have been tested. Such high temperature structural applications require further investigation with respect to reliability. However, engineering applications such as tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) cutting tools and diamond/SiC FGMs are becoming commercialized. An innovative technique, Interface Bioactive Bone Cementation (IBBC), has been developed that makes possible more reliable hip prostheses in which a biocompatible graded interface forms between the bone and the prosthesis. The outlook for applications of FGMs is discussed with respect to reliability and cost ..


Automatic Design of Trash Cans in the Arduino Uno R3 System is designed for waste management which is often a problem in many cities. Waste management is currently one of the factors that always influences the creation of a clean and healthy environment. Garbage that is always left alone over time will accumulate and pile up so that no one takes care of it, irregular waste is a problem that often occurs. In the waste collection process, which will be carried out by checking the garbage collection sites one by one, the work will be ineffective and inefficient, because it will take a lot of wasted time, even time and money. Furthermore, to simplify the waste disposal process, this can be done at any time, because the process is very easy and can be done or done by anyone. The result is that the ultrasonic sensor is used to capture objects or objects in front of it, then there is a servo motor that can move when someone throws trash, after that there is an LCD display that will display an inscription, after that there is also a mini speaker that makes a sound if someone has finished taking out the trash. So the conclusions that can be studied in this study are how to design an Automatic Trash Can on the Arduino Uno R3 System which can open the lid of the trash can by itself.


From the 1990s onwards, many artists began to experiment with a primal Internet art or Net.art, which was directly produced on the Net itself by means of procuring its very forms and structures (webpages, online applications, mailing lists, databases, and the like.) This budding artistic work promoted the need of public participation by boosting new artistic currents that demanded a greater commitment from cyberspace dwellers. Indeed, the widespread use of the Internet as a realm of entertainment has been changing into a new concept of entertainment in which the former public, users now, will gain responsibilities and obligations. Thus, social involvement has become one of the main goals of contemporary, online production of art. When sketching this dissertation, and bearing in mind the current needs of participation and social interaction of 'prosumers' of content, there appeared as general object of enquiry the participative artistic strategies developed around an Internet art that feeds mostly on Web 2.0 social ideology, but also on its collaborative tools. More precisely, our analysis tries to solve what Internet art is, and how it evolved into Internet art 2.0; in what way the Internet and its 2.0 shifts have an effect on audiovisual and sound art, taking into account Web 2.0 connective features and its interactive possibilities when these practices begin to take shape in the very cyberspace; and lastly, a definition and modus operandi of the virtual collaborative schemes developed by the artistic institutions to promote the involvement of artists in the production of Internet art, as well as user involvement to generate new museum content by means of 2.0 platforms. To carry out this enquiry, we have landed in a field of study in constant mutation, liquid: such is cyberspace, in which identifying criteria for a thorough analysis of the different artistic expressions that have sprung around Web 2.0, as well as social and artistic trends on the Web, must be published and available as soon as possible since most of their value resides in its nature of ever emerging issue. This is what justifies the planning of this dissertation as a compilation of papers. It should be highlighted that this enquiry –based on qualitative assessment instead of searching exclusively for the confirmation of a given hypothesis- tries to describe and explain observable facts previously described at length, as well as to uncover still unexplored links among every element. The techniques used for data gathering, whose elucidation will explain and define the facts under scrutiny, are manifold and sometimes they combine to get a sort of triangulation that yields many views, thus promoting the development of an even more extensive analysis. Initially, we developed a theoretical and interdisciplinary methodology that was based on the existing critical literature about our general object of study, and also about each specific object of study as well as an exploratory analysis of the Web. With regards to the relationship between artistic institutions and participative Internet art, we have also studied some cases that shine a light on the workings and results of online participative museum schemes like YouTube Play Biennial (2010), as well as the programmes of Virtual Artistic Residencies (1999-2017.) The findings of the enquiry have shown that audiovisual art has not been limited only to experiment with the participative strategies of mass media, but also has supported the introduction of new collaborative methods for TV viewers / users that were later adapted to the Internet: e.g., the subversion of vertical models of production and consumption, the introduction of phone feed-back, or the search for a direct involvement of citizens in television production. With regards to sound art, very much like audiovisual art, it has improved its interactive possibilities as a necessary element in the creation of a work thanks to the specific tools of the Web as well as its ability to summon users massively; it has also included in its discourse reflections upon the very medium as well as reflections upon cyber-collaboration, solidarity, and the sense of community. Furthermore, given the scarcity of existing analysis of online sound art, we have been compelled to coin two terms that make its study easier. The first, "net.sound art," defines the intermedia nature of sound art on the Web; and the second, "site-flowing" –which can be extended to other types of Internet art-, defines the relationship between a work created in, by, and for the Web (i.e. specific to the medium), and the dynamics of its virtual space (structurally unspecified environment.) Even though there have been many theories on how Internet art is mainly about Internet itself, our view is that –be it in a parallel way to the fact or in a tangential one- the type of Internet art widely developed now conjugates the progress of festive, humble, and generous attitudes –typical in the fandom community- with the commitment and the social justice supported by hackers, and the notions of common good and cooperation backed by the Open movement. This has implied the expansion of an experimental communicative model that reflects mainly on the human condition. The concurrence of these characteristics remains in the origin of the new critical public / users of culture, much sought by many cyber-artists and artistic institutions alike; the Web is the optimal place to acquire knowledge. Without a doubt, the YouTube Play Biennial scheme is an interesting project of online collaborative museum, which aims at promoting the development of this new player. Thus, the virtual artistic residencies (VAR) supported by several institutions also play a capital role since they also seek visibility and producing an ever experimental Internet art, as well as user participation in the shaping of critical discussion about it. With the aim of helping the circulation, understanding, creation, and participation in these programmes, we have not only assembled a pioneering and vital theoretical basis, but also a practical definition for them. However, we believe that our most valuable contribution to the study of VAR is an analysis based on the view of hosts or organising establishments (motivation, goals, results, and general assessment) whose willingness to answer our open-ended questionnaires has allowed us to gather a set of data that will become utterly useful for those institutions that may consider starting a similar programme.


In this paper we present the spectrum of synchro-curvature self-Compton (SCSC) radiation of relativistic electrons with a power-law distribution of Lorentz factors. We find that the resulting spectrum is significantly different from that of either synchrotron self-Compton or curvature self-Compton radiation if both the curvature radius of the magnetic field and the cyclotron radius of the electrons are within some proper ranges. The effects of electrons' cooling and drifting, the low-energy self absorption in seed spectra, and the Klein-Nishina cutoff are also discussed, in order to get an accurate picture. We take gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as our example environment for discussions. The results would be considered as a universal approach of the self-Compton emission of relativistic electrons moving in curved magnetic fields, and thus could be applied to many astrophysical phenomena, including GRBs, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and pulsars.


The theory of fault diagnosis is summarized. Firstly, the b ackground of the problem and development survey of fault diagnosis are reviewed. Then, several different approaches to the problems are analyzed. And applicati on of neural network to fault diagnosis is introduced. Finally, further research directions of fault diagnosis are pointed out.


Summary : In this study, the physiological effects of fatty acids with conjugated double bonds were widely ex-amined in vitro and in vivo . Initially, a method for determination of conjugated fatty acids in food and biological samples was established. We then clarifi ed that the oxidative stability of conjugated fatty acids was improved by the form of triacylglycerol and addition of an antioxidant ( vitamin E ) , and the infl uence of this effect on the me-tabolism and pharmacokinetics of conjugated fatty acids was clarifi ed in vivo . In addition, anti-tumor, anti-angio-genesis, and anti-obesity effects of conjugated fatty acids were found for the fi rst time, thus demonstrating the usefulness of conjugated fatty acids. This communication mainly outlines the data obtained for conjugated linolenic acid.


1Centre of Medical Decision Making, Department of Public Health, and 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, and 3Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands Correspondence to: Ms A. M. van Dishoeck, Department of Public Health, Room Ae-138, Erasmus MC – University Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: email@example.com)


Tests of peripheral lung function were carried out in 1974 and again in 1975 on 263 healthy working men (205 current smokers and 58 lifelong nonsmokers) using a variety of proposed "sensitive tests" (maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, single-breath N2 test, CO diffusing capacity, and arterialized capillary blood Po2). The promise of these tests for the early detection of chronic airflow obstruction was assessed in various ways. Technical difficulties were assessed by studying the degrees to which the results of the various tests were affected by recent respiratory infections, and by assessing the reproducibility of the test results at an interval of 1 year, because an ideal test should identify the same men in 1974 and in 1975 as being abnormal. Any informative test of chronic airflow obstruction must yield results that are systematically worse in middle-aged smokers than in middle-aged nonsmokers, and such a test is likely to yield results that are correlated with the 1-sec forced expiratory volume a...


Since its discovery and excavation in the 1960s, the Synagogue at Sardis has taken its place as the most significant monument of diaspora Judaism in Roman Asia Minor.For their assistance and involvement with this study, I especially wish to thank Marianne Bonz, Katherine Kiefer, David Mitten, Andrew Seager, Jane Scott, Thomas Kraabel, and L. Michael White, and Walter Ameling. Notable for its size, richness, basilical form, and prominent location within the city, the Synagogue is exceptional also for the more than eighty inscriptions recovered from its interior. With the exception of six fragments in Hebrew,To be published by Frank M. Cross in the final Synagogue volume. The Hebrew texts, all inscribed on fragments of marble wall revetment, give the words, "Peace (Shalom)" (Hanfmann 1972, fig. 86; Seager and Kraabel 1983, 171, fig. 269) and "vow" (twice each), and two proper names, Yohanan and Severus (formerly read as "Verus" [Hanfmann 1967, 25, n. 25; Seager and Kraabel 1983, 171, 179, n. 9]). the inscriptions are in Greek and for the most part commemorate members of the congregation who contributed the many elements of interior decoration: the mosaics on the floor, the marbling of the walls, and a number of architectural and ritual furnishings.


To determine the best transplanting stage of Honghua Dajinyuan in high altitude area,1 600~2 100 m altitude was selected to research the effects of different transplanting stages on the growth and development and output value of Honghua Dajinyuan.The results showed that the best transplanting stage was about April 20,and not to exceed April 30.


By using nonlinear finite element analysis code ANSYS/DYNA,build a dynamic analysis model of the round-link,analyzes the kinetic energy loss of the round-link chain under the different initial condition and the energy absorption under chain blocked,according to the dynamic process of the round-link chain under chain blocked condition.


Abstract : A baseline three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model has been developed for a structural detail on an F-111 lower wing skin at Forward Auxiliary Spar Station (FASS) 281.28. This location has been the site of cracking in both RAAF and USAF aircraft The FE model was developed using precise thickness measurements appropriate for a specific full-scale test wing available at AMRL (serial number A-10-824). This document is a sensitivity study of the finite element model. The effects of small dimensional changes falling within the range of the manufacturing tolerances are investigated. This will allow a quantitative assessment of the stress variations which could be expected at that location within the F-111 fleet.


The study area in Angahook Forest Park is Ironbark forest, an open wooded hillside and mixed forest bordering a swamp (Reilly 1991). From 1983–88, I visited the forest five times in each autumn, winter and spring (except for 1987). I followed a track of approximately 2 km and spent five minutes at each of ten identified points, approximately 200 m apart, recording all birds seen or heard at each point. Since then, I visited the area every spring until 1994. I compare here the two spring periods: 1982–88, and 1989–94.


In this chapter, the changes that have occurred in the Australian government's(Commonwealth) accounting systems and its reporting/disclosure regimes over the last 30 years and the consequential effects on accountability will be considered. Many of these changes result from a combination of several factors (Broadbent & Guthrie 1992; Ryan 1995). One of the factors proposed as being a catalyst for the changes is the emergence of the 'new right' and its promotion of market solutions to public sector resourcing problems (Hood 1991). Whilst the focus here is on the Australian Commonwealth government, it is also relevant to the various state governments within Australia that have adopted similar changes and to international jurisdictions since these changes have also occurred in other western democracies. As an example, accrual accounting, badged as resource accounting, was introduced in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2001 (Connolly & Hyndman 2006). There were in the UK, as there had been in Australia, concerns about the ability of accrual accounting to deliver effective accountability mechanisms (Carlin 2005).


Research on Genghis Kan' s philosophy,a research of Chinese philosophy of Yuan dynasty,is the first book studying ideology history,of Mongolian figure in which the new and original viewpoint that Genghis Khan is an ancient Mongolian philosopher is the first time put forward,not only deeply analyzed but also reliably supported.The author analyzes Genghis Khan' s philosophy so that he opens a new train of thought and provides beneficial explorations which is surely edificatory and innovatory.The book plays a positive role in widening international research on Mongolian Studies and promo- ting the development of new subjest of Mongolian philosophical history;meanwhile,it renders valuable experience to the study of Chinese philosophical his- tory.


An annual survey of phytoplankton resting spore in surface sediments from Shenzhen Yantian Port was conducted monthly from April 2007 to March 2008.The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of the port operation and economic development on marine environments.As many as 54 types of phytoplankton resting spore including 29 types of dinoflagellate cyst and 22 types of diatom spore,were identified in the survey.Cysts of harmful algal bloom species such as Alexandrium spp.,Gymnodinium catenatum,Cochlodinium sp.,Lingulodinium polyedrum,and Scrippsiella trochoidea were observed.The concentrations of resting spore varied from 217 to 3 514 spores/cm3 with an average of 1 241 spores/cm3,and predominated by those of diatoms and dinoflagellates.Abundances of diatom spore and percentages of cyst of heterotrophic dinoflagellates together with the nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in St.1,indicating the higher eutrophic level in the inshore areas.The high proportions of germinated empty cysts(over 50% averagely)suggested that the frequent disturbance in the port area facilitated the germination of cysts in the sediment,thus promoted the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.


In our current work we explore the feasibility of using visuo-haptic augmented reality techniques for training and remote collaboration. Accurate calibration of system components is a key factor in this context. In this paper we deal with the calibration of the kinematic parameters of the haptic device. We compare a previously developed technique using an external optical tracker to a new approach not relying on additional devices. Simulated and real experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of the new technique. As will be shown, both methods yield reasonable results with average errors in the workspace below 2mm. It is found that the trackerless technique is an acceptable alternative to using a tracker for calibration, with only slightly reduced accuracy. It is straightforward to apply and allows to improve rendering fidelity.


ABSTRACT A new species of flat-headed mayflies (Heptageniidae) is described as Maccaffertium appaloosa, n. sp. The species is based on larvae taken from Tennessee, U.S.A. It is both morphologically and markedly unique within the genus, and is most conspicuous with respect to spotting on the abdominal sterna.


Frequency tuning and linewidth measurements are reported for a pulsed, mirrorless, kilowatt-power-level, far-infrared (FIR) /sup 13/CH/sub 3/F laser operating at 245 GHz. The pump laser is an etalon tunable, single-mode CO/sub 2/ TEA laser. The FIR frequency spectrum was measured with 2.5-MHz resolution on individual 100-ns laser output pulses using harmonic mixing techniques. The linewidth of the amplified spontaneous emission was found to be surprisingly narrow, about 15 MHz. Frequency tuning of the FIR laser, as the pump laser frequency is tuned, is nonlinear, possibly due to inhomogeneous broadening of the gain by the K-level substructure of the rotational states. These results indicate that heterodyne receivers capable of single-shot frequency measurements can be important tools for investigating the properties of Raman FIR lasers. >


This paper is concerned with the design problem of Gain-Scheduled (GS) flight controller for the lateral-directional motions of an aircraft. For this problem, we first derive a continuous-time Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) system which represents the lateral-directional motions of the aircraft in its admissible flight envelope with airspeed being set as its scheduling parameter, then discretize it by using Euler first-order approximation, and finally design a discrete-time GS Output-Feedback (GSOF) controller which is robust against the uncertainties in the provided airspeed data. In the design process of the GSOF controller, robustness against uncertainties related to onboard actuator systems are also incorporated. Flight test was conducted to confirm control performance of our controller in real environment.


A direct coupling of preparative high-speed countercurrent chromatography to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HSCCC/ESI-MS-MS) was used for a 'target-guided' isolation and characterization of flavonoids with novel malic acid ester functionalities detected in sea buckthorn juice concentrate (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides, Elaeagnaceae). Formation of flavonoid malyl-ester derivatives is induced under high acidic processing conditions and elevated thermal impact. In general, the berries of Hippophae rhamnoides are well known to be a rich source for flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, and lipids and are traditionally used in the ethnopharmacy of Tibet, Mongolia, China, and Central Asia. Many health claims are associated with sea buckthorn. The hyphenation experimental study of preparative HSCCC and ESI-MS/MS provided novel and immediate structural insights to an altered flavonoid profile of a commercial sea buckthorn juice concentrate.


Production-Oriented Approach (POA) is an innovative theory put forward by Wen Qiufang to improve the effect of college English teaching in China. Aiming to find out how to integrate POA into practice and how to make translation a driving force to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, the research group applied POA theory to college English teaching, with translation as a motivating productive task, listening and reading as the enabling means. This paper presents the design and basic teaching process of a unit of teaching practice, and students' feedback and teacher's reflection as well, through which the POA-based translation-driven teaching proves to be feasible and effective.


Abstract This paper is about doctors reneging on the oath of their profession to save lives because of other secondary reasons that are antithetical to the ethics of their profession. In this paper, I intend to bring up some ethical issues arising from common occurrence in some developing countries especially in Nigeria where the sanctity of life is sacrificed on the altar of selfish demand for monetary deposits before major operations are carried out on sick patients and also the blind demand for police report as contained in Nigerian Police Act before a patient with a gunshot injuries could be treated in hospitals. To this end, I wish to argue, in this paper, that human life, under no circumstance, should not be sacrificed for monetary consideration and immoral law such as Nigerian Police Act, and that it is morally wrong for physicians who are trained to save life to abandon their oath of office in deference to unjust law. While I will establish the major causes of gunshot injuries as opposed to the presuppositions of the Police Act, I will also advocate a deletion of certain provision of the Police Act as a way of making it conforming to international human rights standards.


To assess whether diabetes increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and to estimate the magnitude of the association with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.


The various types of optical fibres tailored for specific applications are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on rare-earth-doped fibres for use in fibre lasers and amplifiers. Fibre lasers have potential as well-controlled, quiet sources for telecommunications and sensors, while the erbium-doped fibre amplifier is already well-established as a low-noise, polarisation-insensitive repeater.


Information technology has developed rapidly and has changed various things in human life, from how to communicate, do business, to the way humans learn and work. The development of this technology has helped humans in various fields. One of the technologies that are currently being developed is Augmented Reality (AR). This study discusses the development of AR-based mobile application to promote Alian Butterfly Park. Application development uses the Feature- Driven Development (FDD) method, where the FDD method and application are evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The SUS score analysis result shows that this application is acceptable and good for the category application acceptance and adjective assessment.


238 Jana Bžochová-Wild's In Double Trust is a respectable attempt at capturing the commonalities and diversities of Shakespeare translation, production, and cultural appropriation in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) from the entrance of his plays into the cultural sphere, to the present day. As such, the collection follows in the footsteps of such transformative tomes as Michael Hattaway, Boika Sokolova, and Derek Roper's Shakespare in the New Europe (1994), Zdenek Stříbrný's Shakespeare and Eastern Europe (2000), and Irena Makaryk and Joseph Price's Shakespeare in the Worlds of Communism and Socialism (2006) in considering the way the Bard has been used in the nation-building process. Unlike its predecessors who attempted to encompass an enormous diversity of regions – all of Europe, all of Eastern Europe (and swaths of Russia), and all of the former 'Second World', respectively – In Double Trust takes on the far more manageable task of examining a relatively confined geopolitical region over a relatively short historical period. This alone allows for focus, depth, and the potential for fruitful comparative study, simply not possible for collections that attempt a broad geographical survey. The collection is strategically divided into two topical units. The first, "Horizons", consists of four essays that provide a short survey of Shakespeare reception and production in each of the regions. Though individual essays are contained to their respective locales, they overall describe a similar pattern of Shakespeare 'nostrification' and incorporation into each respective nation-building process as the respective nationstates attempted to distance themselves from the stigma associated with the culturally 'backward' East and sought to orient themselves toward the 'civilized' Western Europe. This developmental arc tends to begin with a first awareness of Shakespeare in the eighteenth century to first professional translations and enthusiastic popular reception in the early nineteenth century. This coincides, more or less, with the establishment of a domestic theater scene, foundation of national academies of science, and punctuated by regular heated public debates about correct translation, interpretation, and staging of Shakespeare's plays. Each respective nation's leading enlightenment intellectuals bolstered their status with Shakespearean credentials as translators, directors, scholars, critics, and adopters. By 1848, when much of Europe revolted in the name of independent nationalism, Shakespeare capital was fully mobilized in service of nationalistic resistance to colonial regimes and/or perceived threats to domestic culture(s) from foreign sources in all regions but Slovakia. Once established, nostrified Shakespeare continued to serve as a political battlefield where opposed ideological forces strove for the authority to Marcela Kostihová In Double Trust: Shakespeare in Central Europe


The study utilized a correlational, quantitative design where nurse managers and staff nurses were made to answer an adapted questionnaire. The study used complete enumeration with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in Talisay District Hospital to assess the styles on leadership, management and conflict management and their correlation. Findings revealed that the most common leadership style is democratic while for management style is the mixed or the transitional style and collaborating for conflict management style. Authoritative leaders utilized the mixed or transitional management style and the collaborating conflict managing style. Democratic leaders utilized the mixed or transitional management style and the collaborating conflict management style. Laissez-faire leaders utilized the mixed or transitional management style and the collaborating conflict management style. A pattern can be seen that, in all types of leadership, be it authoritative, democratic or laissez-faire, the mixed or transitional management style is common. Further, the most common conflict management utilized is the collaborating style. Thus, it can be inferred that different leaders utilize a mixed or transitional management style and that when they are in conflict, they manage them through the collaborative conflict management style. There was no noteworthy relationship between the styles on conflict management and leadership styles, amongst styles on conflict management and management and lastly, amongst styles on leadership and management.


This work deals with the automatic transcription of piano recordings into a MIDI symbolic file. The system consists of subsequent stages of onset detection and multipitch estimation and tracking. The latter is based on a Hidden Markov Model framework, embedding a spectral maximum likelihood method for joint pitch estimation. The complexity issue of joint estimation techniques is solved by selecting subsets of simultaneously played notes within a pre-estimated set of candidates. Tests on a large database and comparisons to state-of-the-art methods show promising results.


Kodiveli or Chitraka is a traditional drug botanically equivated as Plumbago zeylanica Linn belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae and is used in respiratory diseases and in anemic conditions. The present study deals with Plumbagin, a 5‐hydroxy‐2methyl‐1, 4‐napthoquinone, a n active chemical constituent of the root of this plant drug. This bioactive molecule is a proven anticarcinogenic, antiatherosclerotic and antimicrobial agent. In the present paper, HPTLC analysis of market samples of the roots procured from Trichy and Chennai as well as fresh samples collected from gardens of Chennai were carried out for evaluating their Plumbagin content. The data of the results obtained revealed that the sample collected from trichy market is of better quality as it produced higher Plumbagin content. In the shade dried freshly collected samples, plumbagin peak was not detected. Hence it is inferred that only on storage the quinone content increased.


With the recent COVID-19 outbreak, Antipyretic drug have been in the spotlight, with French health officials recommending that Antipyretic drugs like ibuprofen be avoided due to fears that they could exacerbate the path and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Although the respiratory effects of therapeutic doses of antipyretic drugs in infections like COVID-19 are unknown, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal side effects, and they can induce asthma in people with a particular sensitivity. Given that antipyretic drugs are a common form of symptomatic relief in respiratory infections, it is critical to figure out whether short-term antipyretic drug use is harmful to patients with COVID-19, as well as those with lower respiratory tract infections in general. In view of the ibuprofen–COVID 19 controversies and the latest pandemic's increasingly evolving situation. Complications of the cardiovascular or renal systems could not be properly treated. There may be a general upward trend in pleuro-pulmonary complications, but a downward trend in mortality.


The thrust forming process of laser propulsion was compared to that of chemical rocket engine with the discussion of their similarities and differences.The thrust generated by the coupling process of laser-induced shock waves and nozzle wall and that caused by ejecting of the high temperature gases from the nozzle exit were computed separately.The study results show that the mean thrust of the two types in a force action period is equal to the identical mechanical effect.The conclusion of this paper will provide some meaningful information for the further study of the operation mechanism of air-breathing laser propulsion.


Filarial infections with high morbidity still pose a challenge and consequently recognized as a major infectious disease by WHO (1) Hence, development of new drugs with synthetic or natural compounds against microfilariae becomes highly essential. Pharmacological screening of drug candidates needs to be tested for in vitro efficacy against the target organism. This eventually demands reliable, technically simple and economic method. This work has been carried out with the partial funding support of the DBT project entitled "Repository for Filarial Parasites and Reagents'".


Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) caused the worst industrial chemical disaster in history. Many experimental studies carried out in rats and guines pigs to assess the toxicity. The experiments are reviewed in the light of reported acute (short term) effects.


The primary aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using games in teaching grammar to young learners from the view points of Turkish EFL teachers working in primary schools. English language teachers' (n=15) opinions were collected through a questionnaire and the results of this study demonstrated that Turkish EFL teachers have a range of conceptions about using games in grammar teaching similar to those reported in the current literature. The study suggests that while Turkish EFL teachers accept the effectiveness of using games in grammar teaching, they do not use games as frequently as expected in their classrooms.