. . . Mais d'abord il faut etre un poete. . . . Ezra Pound, in Poetry, 1913, quoting MM Duhamel and Vildrac's Notes sur lar Technique Poetique . . . it was necessary to begin by an emphatic insistence on the rather elementary fact that it was conceivable that there might, and even should be, a filmic equivalent to poetry. "Maya Deren, "Films in the Classicist Tradition," from Maya Deren files at Anthology Film Archives In 1939 Eleanora Deren was a few years away from a name change (to Maya, Sanskrit for "illusion of life"1) and the shift in her primary medium of creative expression from the study and writing of poetry to filmmaking which soon made her a pioneer of the American avant-garde film movement. In 1939 Deren was completing her master's thesis at Smith College, "Influences of the French Symbolist Movement Upon Anglo-American Poetry," a broad survey of French, English and American poetry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The thesis indicates more than Deren's wide-ranging knowledge of poetry, however; in it she pays particular attention to Ezra Pound and the other Imagists, and to T.S. Eliot as a Symbolist. At this time she also was writing verses she considered "not very good," and until 1942 (about the time she became Maya Deren the emerging filmmaker), she considered the writing of poetry her artistic medium.2 In 1943, four years after completing her master's work, Deren produced her first film with then-husband Alexander Hammid, "Meshes of the Afternoon."3 The following year she produced her first solo film, "At Land ;" the year after that, she produced "Study in Choreography for Camera," and in 1946, "Ritual in Transfigured Time." These four films, which constitute her first and most innovative phase of filmmaking,4 show her debt to the Symbolist and Imagist poets she had studied. Moreover, the ideas which led to the tentative verses she had attempted in graduate school find a more mature and fuller expression in her films. In fact, the poet Maya Deren became accomplished in her endeavors only after she turned to filmmaking, as she admitted: . . . the reason that I had not been a very good poet was because actually my mind worked in images which I had been trying to translate or describe in words; therefore, when i undertook cinema, I was relieved of the false step of translating image into words, and could work directly so that it was not like discovering a new medium so much as finally coming home into a world whose vocabulary, syntax, grammar, was my mother tongue. . . .5 While Deren spoke of her films over the years in terms of music and dance, it was to poetry that she made the initial and most direct comparisons. The specific poets whose work she had analyzed in her thesis are the ones we find instrumental in inspiring Maya Deren the filmmaker, first in her application of similar literary images and events to her films, and eventually in her discarding the literary form in preference for the filmic one she evolved. We can trace this evolution through her first four films. Her first film effort, "Meshes of the Afternoon," illustrates the transition in Deren from verbal to visual expression. This film, a dream event which spirals inward from reality and back out again when a death wish apparently becomes manifest, has some peculiarly filmic qualities, mostly supplied by collaborator and more experienced filmmaker Alexander Hammid. These include the fluid hand-held camera-work, particularly on the stair sequences, and numerous carefully planned and edited transitions. Nonetheless, the film is dependent upon a traditional poetic narrative structure, resting on a series of events which recur with variations, and on the repetitive treatment of visually potent objects, such as a knife, flower, and key. Images and events work together to evoke a dark, subconscious mood. We can easily "tell the story" of "Meshes of the Afternoon," inserting the significant objects as symbols to enhance the actions. …


Abstract : The use of Micro-Measurements Type WK-00 strain gates for the measurement of the room-temperature dimensional stability of Invar was investigated. One-half inch diameter Invar rods (0.05% C, 36.2% Ni) were subjected to four heat treatments, which had been reported to produce highly stable Invar components. Microstrain measurement system capabilities are outlined in terms of resolution and stability. Detection of plus or minus 0.2 counts per microstrain strain instabilities after 1000 hr is possible with sufficient consideration of adhesives, bridge components, and measurement laboratory temperature stability.


Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a monomeric mitogenic protein that exists as an acidic and a basic form and is distributed widely in tissues of the eye. Because FGF interacts with the cells and with the extracellular matrix, it has potential as a therapeutic agent, either alone or in combination with other agents such as epidermal growth factor, in promoting healing of corneal wounds, in restoring corneal endothelial cell loss due to dystrophic, degenerative, and surgical insults, as well as in regenerating lens cells after cataract surgery. Excess FGF probably plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of blinding disorders of the eye such as neovascular glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration, and proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy, as well as failure of surgical filtering procedures for glaucoma. The use of transforming growth factor‐beta, anti‐FGF antibodies, and other blocking agents in the treatment of such diseases seems logical.


Lipids are highly diverse group of biomolecules that play a pivotal role in biological processes. Lipid compositions of bio-fluids are complex, reflecting a wide range of concentration of different lipid classes with structural diversity within lipid species. Varying degrees of chemical complexity makes their identification and quantification challenging. Newer methods are thus, highly desired for comprehensive analysis of lipid species including identification of structural isomers. Herein, we propose a targetedMRM method for large scale high-throughput lipidomics analysis using a combination of variable retention time window (variable-RTW) and relative dwell time weightage (relative-DTW) for different lipid species. With this method, we were able to detect more than 1000 lipid species (encompassing 18 lipid classes), including different structural isomers of triglyceride, diglyceride, and phospholipids, in a single-run of 24 minutes. The limit of detection varied between 0.245 pmol/L and 1 nmol/L for different lipid classes with 245 fmol/L being lowest for phosphatidylethanolamine while it was highest for diacylglycerol (1 nmol/L). Similarly, the limit of quantitation varied from 291 fmol/L to 2 nmol/L. The recovery of the method is in the acceptable range and the 849 of lipid species were found to have a coefficient of variance (CV) <30%. Using this method we demonstrate that lipids with ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid chains are altered in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 8, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.08.425875 doi: bioRxiv preprint Introduction: Lipid constitutes highly diverse biomolecules which play important role in the normal functioning of the body, maintaining the cellular homeostasis, cell signaling and energy storage. Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is associated with a large number of pathologies such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer etc.. Lipid compositions of bio-fluids are complex, reflecting a wide range of concentrations of different lipid classes and structural diversity within lipid species. Although the exact number of distinct lipids present in cells is not exactly known, it is believed that the cellular lipidome consists of more than 1000 different lipid species each with several structural isomers. Identification of lipids using traditional methods like thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, etc. are limited by their lower sensitivity and accuracy and hence is not suitable for comprehensive lipidomics studies. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) based lipidomics has enabled accurate identification of a large number of lipid species from various biological sources. Analysis of lipids in both positive and negative ion modes in a single mass spectrometric scan using untargeted or targeted approach have been used for greater coverage. The untargeted lipidomics approach however has some major challenges especially with respect to identification and characterization of the lipid species, time required to process large quantity of raw data and the bias towards the detection of lipids with highabundance. These problems are greatly reduced in a targeted approach using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), since defined groups of chemically characterized and annotated lipid species are analyzed. The use of MRM enables simultaneous identification of around hundred lipid species, including those with low abundance . The number of lipid species identified could be further increased by using scheduled MRM, where the MRM transitions are monitored only around the expected retention time of the eluting lipid species . This enables monitoring of greater number of MRM transitions in a single mass spectrometric acquisition. Using scheduled MRM, Takeda et al and other groups, were able to identify/ quantify hundreds of lipid species including isomers of phospholipids (PLs) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in a single targeted scan. However, identification of triacylglycerols (TAG) was based on pseudotransitions, as identifying different species of TAG is challenging. The retention time window chosen in a scheduled MRM is usually of a fixed width. However, as the retention time window width varies for each lipid species, a variable window width for each lipid species could reduce the time necessary to develop high throughput targeted methods. There are a few reports where variable retention time window (dynamic MRM) has been used in various applications, including identifying lipids of a specific class. However, none of these studies involved comprehensive lipidome analysis. Further, in these studies, the dwell time for each peak was automatically fixed on the basis of the RT window width chosen. The quality of peaks can be improved by varying dwell time weightage for each transition without (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 8, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.08.425875 doi: bioRxiv preprint compromising with the cycle time. Assigning, a low dwell time weightage to high abundant compounds and high dwell time weightage to less abundant compounds, irrespective of the elution window, could help in accommodating large number of transitions in single run with improved data quality. Here we report a rapid and sensitive targeted lipidomics method using scheduled MRM with variable-retention time width and relative dwell time weightage, that enabled the identification of more than 1000 lipid species including isomers of triglycerides, diglycerides, and phospholipids in a single mass spectrometric scan of 24 minutes. As a demonstration of the applicability of this method we show that vitamin B12 deficiency, leads to alteration of various lipid species which could explain the association of vitamin B12 deficiency with cardio-metabolic diseases previously reported in various studies. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest number of lipid species identified till date in a single experiment. Materials and Methods Chemicals and reagents MS-grade acetonitrile, methanol, water, 2-propanol (IPA) and HPLC-grade dichloromethane (DCM), were purchased from Biosolve (Dieuze, France); ammonium acetate and ethanol were obtained from Merck (Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Lipid internal standards used in the study : SM (d18:1-18:1(d9)), TAG (15:0-18:1(d7)15:0), DAG (15:0-18:1(d7)), LPC (18:1(d7)), PC (15:0-18:1(d7)), LPE (18:1(d7)), PE (15:0-18:1(d7)), PG (15:0-18:1(d7)), PI (15:0-18:1(d7)), PS (15:0-18:1(d7), PA (15:018:1(d7)) in the form of Splash mix and ceramide (17:0) were purchased from Avanti polar (Alabaster, Alabama, USA). Lipid extraction from human plasma We used a modified Bligh and Dyer method using Dichloromethane/methanol/water (2:2:1 v/v). The study was approved by institutional ethical committee of CSIR-IGIB. Human plasma (10 μL) was mixed with 490 μL of water (in glass tube) and incubated on ice for 10 minutes. Lipid internal standard mixes (5 μL, consisting of splashmix and ceramide) was added to a mixture of methanol (2 mL) and dichloromethane (1 mL); the mixture was vortexed and allowed to incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature. After incubation, 500 μL water and 1 mL dichloromethane was added to the solution and vortexed for 5 seconds. The mixture was centrifuged at 300 g for 10 minutes when there was a phase separation. The lower organic layer was collected into a fresh glass tube. 2 mL dichloromethane was added to remaining mixture in extraction tube and centrifuged again to collect the lower layer. The previous step was repeated one more time. Solvent was evaporated in vacuum dryer at 25 °C and the lipids were resuspended in 100μl of ethanol; vortexed for 5 minutes, sonicated for 10 minutes and again vortexed for 5 minutes. The suspension was transferred to polypropylene auto sampler vials and subjected to LC-MS run. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 8, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.08.425875 doi: bioRxiv preprint Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry: We used an Exion LC system with a Waters AQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC XBridge Amide column (3.5 μm, 4.6 x 150 mm) for chromatographic separation. The oven temperature was set at 35°C and the auto sampler was set at 4°C. Lipids were separated using buffer A (95% acetonitrile with 10mM ammonium acetate, pH-8.2) and buffer B (50% acetonitrile with 10mM ammonium acetate, pH-8.2) with following gradient: with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/minute, buffer B was increased from 0.1% to 6% in 6 minutes, increased to 25% buffer B in next 4 minutes. In the next 1 minute buffer B was ramped up to 98%, further increased to 100% in the next 2 minutes, and held at the same concentration and flow rate for 30 seconds. Flow rate was increased from 0.7 ml/min to 1.5 ml/min and 100% buffer B was maintained for the next 5.1 minutes. Buffer B was brought to initial 0.1% concentration in 0.1 minute and column was equilibrated at the same concentration and flow for 4.3 minutes before flow rate was brought to initial 0.7 ml/minute in next 30 seconds and maintained at the same till the end of 24 minutes gradient. Additionally the separation system was equilibrated for 3 minute for subsequent runs. Sciex QTRAP 6500+ LC/MS/MS system in low mass range, Turbo source with Electrospray Ionization (ESI) probe was used with the following parameters; curtain gas (CUR): 35 psi, temperature (TEM): 500 degree, source gas 1(GS1): 50 and source gas 2 (GS2): 60 psi, ionization voltage (IS): 5500 for positive mode and IS: -4500 for negative mode,


In this study, the performance of advanced oxidation process using titanium and iron oxides based on the natural clinoptilolite zeolite (TiO2/Fe2O3/Clinoptilolite) as a nanophotocatalyst was studied, and the eects of various factors on the furfural degradation, such as pH, dosage of catalyst, initial concentration of furfural, and contact time, were examined. The co-precipitation method was applied for the synthesis of the nanophotocatalyst. The SEM and XRD analyses showed a uniform distribution of titanium dioxide and iron nanoparticles on the zeolite. The furfural degradation could successfully happen at neutral to alkaline solutions. Moreover, increasing the amount of catalyst from 0.5 to 1.5 g/L does not have signi cant effects on the degradation eciency. By enhancing the initial concentration of furfural from 75 to 300 mg/L, the rate of degradation decreases. The maximum eciency of 98% could be achieved for 75 mg/L solution by using 1.5 g/L catalyst in pH equal to 8 within 120 minutes.


The most complicated in its realization material and personnel author's rights are investigated in the article. The authors pay special attention to the next intellectual property rights: defense of the honor, dignity and goodwill of the author; inviolability of the composition; follow right; right of remuneration (royalty) for the commercial usage of the composition. The right of inviolability of the composition is a non-material right of intellectual property according to Ukrainian legislation but as an exception may be defended by other persons which are not subject of this right. On the contrary with the right of inviolability the right to change composition is a kind of material right of the author, which may be inherited. But changes into authors composition without his agree may break authors right on the honor and dignity which nevertheless exist during the lifetime of the author. Personnel non-material rights are valid during one's lifetime on the contrary to the personnel rights of intellectual property. Thus, it is worth to provide that right to change composition after the death of the author other than translation or adoption as non-transferring material right of the author.
Follow right is the inalienable author's right for 5 % from the sale price of the original artistic composition. Civil code of Ukraine doesn't reveal to which kinds of artistic compositions may be applied follow right except for fine art compositions. It is told about works of fiction but it doesn't allow to distinguish which objects should be excluded from the follow right. Logic position and international practice show that architectural objects and objects of folk arts are not amongst those, which may be used follow right for.
Right of remuneration (royalty) for the commercial usage of the composition is weakly regulated. The main trouble that on the contrary with many other countries Ukrainian legislation doesn't anticipate an obliged payments for commercial usage of compositions to persons who owns a material intellectual property rights. Besides, the exceptional list of free cases of compositions using contains also kinds of using which may anticipate commercial aspects. Especially it's relevant to parodies, potpourri and caricatures. Using in such way changed compositions as a rule gives some commercial benefit or profit from advertising in the Internet whilst video clip. Also such kinds of composition's changes may break the author's right on honor, dignity and goodwill as well as an inviolability of the composition.
The authors propose to define strictly the amount of repeat in the literature and musical compositions, which will be recognized as plagiarism. Besides, legal relations between the authors and publishers and possible ways of legal regulation of their material rights division are investigated in the article.


Silence is indispensable in human communication,which is considered to be able to express a variety of meanings and to perform a range of functions.Silence can be very different in specific cultural contexts.Chinese people usually hold a positive attitude towards silence and tend to use silence more often than westerners in communication.The study of silence in different cultures can help us to understand what is beyond words and thus facilitate communications between different cultures.


D-L conversion pathways of α-alanine have been discovered by theoretical search of potential energy surfaces at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). No direct conversion channel via only one transition state could be found between D and L optical isomers of alanine. It is demonstrated that there are four types of conversion channels in chiral amino acids. The interconversion of four functional groups (H, CH 3 , NH 2 , and COOH) around the asymmetric carbon atom can occur as rotation of a single-bonded pair of two groups involving either NH 2 or COOH together with H or CH 3 .


Radomes can be thin wall or n/spl lambda//2 thick or A- or B- or C-sandwich or can be multilayered. The properties of radome materials include: fabrication which may involve curing; electrical properties like the dielectric constant and loss tangent; mechanical properties like Young's modulus; thermal properties like thermal shock and temperature; porosity and rain erosion resistance in that order. These ordered properties of radomes are graded according to not applicable-0, bad-1, difficult-2, satisfactory-3, good-4, very good-5, and excellent-6.


There is growing advocacy for the adoption of computational methods as a substitute for, or complement to, traditional research methods, particularly for examining social phenomena derivative of organised complexity. This paper examines some of the reasons for this advocacy and the specific advantages of the method for studying such phenomena. It considers also the limitations and problems that need to be addressed if the method is to gain wider acceptance. In joining in the advocacy of these techniques, a framework is proposed which can assist with the incorporation of computational techniques in a broader methodological mix. Such a mix has the potential to harness the strengths of the method while offsetting some of its weaknesses.


The World Fertility Surveys (WFS) data represent an important addition to the stock of data on fertility for certain developing countries. This article assesses the contribution of that for the 1st 20 WFS countries to the knowledge of fertility trends as of 1983. The major highlights of the findings are summarized with respect to the quality of the fertility estimates from WFS data, (reported in much greater detail in "Fertility Levels and Trends as Assessed from 20 World Fertility Surveys"). The fertility estimates for those 20 countries are reviewed to assess in each case whether WFS results have added new knowledge of fertility trends as well as more recent information on fertility that might not have been available from vital registration, census data or other fertility surveys. The countries are categorized into 3 groups: a group for which an accurate picture of fertility levels and trends would have been available even if WFS had not taken place; a group for which WFS contributed fertility estimates of better quality than previously available ones; and a group for which WFS provided new estimates but estimates of poor quality. The detailed maternity histories in WFS allowed calculation of age-specific marital fertility rates which have not been systematically available for those countries prior to the WFS. When contrasted with recent censuses and surveys, the WFS data have a good record with respect to the enumeration of children ever born, especially for older women who are more likely to omit births. There is a suggestion of underenumeration and/ or shifting of births for the 1 or 2 years prior to the survey of Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Panama. It is also possible that estimates of recent declines in birth rates have been exaggerated for certain countries. Despite the overall success of the WFS, problems relating to sampling errors and certain frequently observed distortions in birth rate trends in the -2 years before the survey fertility rates cannot be reliably pinpointed for individual calendar years. For certain countries, the WFS, which was designed to take account of past survey experience, failed to even provide reliable estimates for recent fertility trends.


The article deals with analyzing the impact of the electromagnetic field of high-voltage electric transmission lines on unmanned aircraft for electrical line inspection management. An overhead line electric and magnetic field strength measurement method is presented according to which the field data of overhead lines has been measured. The measurement values of the electric and magnetic field of overhead lines were compared with theoretical calculations. Unmanned aircraft control has been investigated by assessing the impact of the electromagnetic field, in order to determine the strength of the electromotive force which is induced within aircraft circuits when an unmanned aircraft reaches the live parts of overhead lines.


The intonation model is an important component in text-to-speech systems to obtain natural and expressive speech synthesis. In this paper we propose a superpositional model for Mandarin Chinese. The intonation model is composed of the syllable and the phrase component. The parameters of the model are estimated using JEMA, a training approach with many advantages related to robustness and precision. Parameter estimation and model training are combined into a loop to progressively refine both the parameterization and the model. The high correlation ( 0 . 82 ) between synthetic and original contours in the test data show the suitability of this approach for modeling Mandarin. Furthermore, the high scores got in subjective evaluation (MOS= 4 . 06 ) confirm the objective results.


This work investigates the paradox of ischaemic lesions in hypothermia despite reduced demands for oxygen when tissues are cooled. Tests for cold-precipitable proteins (cryoproteins) and activation of coagulation/fibrinolysis systems were made in 33 elderly patients with accidental hypothermia. Cryofibrinogen precipitates in plasma when cooled, redissolves on warming, and is thereafter clottable with thrombin, but a simple screening procedure is to separate heparinized plasma at 37°C, chill in a Wintrobe tube at 4°C for 48 hours, spin at 3000 rev


The objects of this teaching method are children older than 8. The children in every class are divided randomly into a control group and are experiment group.The difference is not the content but the means.The result is that not only does the control group waste time,but it also makes mistakes easily in the performance of legs.Actual conditions and effects are analysed and discussed in this article.


The utility model discloses send out and open an induction type integration response tap is chewed to water. This tap is including casing and the stand pipe connected with it, electromagnetism rivers control valve, water guide hose, go out that water is chewed, infra red ray induction head and battery case, electromagnetism rivers control valve and battery case install respectively in the lower extreme and the upper portion of casing body, go out water and chew the outer port that sets up in the stand pipe, through water guide hose and electromagnetism rivers control valve intercommunication, characterized by: infra red ray induction head chew and install together in the outer port of stand pipe with going out water, through wire and battery case and electromagnetism rivers control valve bond. Adopt the utility model discloses it is smooth and easy to obtain out water, is difficult to receive results of use such as interference and using water wisely, and the response tap of this integration moreover installs in addition and uses advantages such as very convenient, that the appearance is pleasing to the eye, is particularly suitable for public wash -basin or washes hand groove and family's wash -basin adoption.


We propose the neo-logistic model which can describe the bacteria growth data precisely. The model is not derived by modifying the logistic model formally, but by incorporating the synthesis of inducible enzymes into the logistic model indirectly, and so the parameters of the neo-logistic model are physically clear. It is relieved that our model can approximate the bacteria growth better than other models. We also try to predict the saturated number of bacteria in the stationary phase from the initial data and find that the neo-logistic model can predict the order of the number much more accurately than others.


The invention relates to an article of footwear including upper having a mesh material. The article of footwear includes an upper and a mesh material. The mesh material may be incorporated into the upper. The mesh material may include high tensile strength strands and non-high tensile strength strands. The high tensile strength strands and non-high tensile strength strands may interlock so that the high tensile strength strands are substantially held in place. The mesh material may be provided as a woven material or a knitted material. The mesh material can have a stylish design, which can be a plaid pattern, herringbone pattern, seersucker pattern, or other pattern.


This final project report is written based on the job training that which was
carried out by the writer at SD Negeri 11 Ngringo, Jaten. The purposes of the
project are to describe the process, method and the problems and the solution in
teaching and learning process to improve reading skill for the fifth grade students
of SD Negeri 11 Ngringo, Jaten, including its problems faced by the students and
also the solutions for those problems. In writing this final report, the writer
collected the data by observing the class, interviewing to the students, library
study and directly teaching in the classroom.
The writer found difficulties aced by students in the way to read the text
covering the pronunciation and understanding the text. The writer used direct
method in teaching and learning process. Moreover, the writer taught them
systematically based on the lesson plan. It consist of three main steps namely, Pre
Teaching, the process of teaching implementation and closing activity of the
lesson. Pre-teaching was beginning activity of the lesson. The process of teaching
implementation was the main steps of teacher duties that consisted of four steps
namely, Building Knowledge of Field, Modeling Text, Join Construction and
Individual Construction. The third step was closing activity where the writer could
assess whether the objective of the lesson was adequately reached or not.
Based on the job training experience, it can be concluded that the problems
faced by fifth grade students in learning reading were from the students itself such
as the low students' interest and motivation. So, they were difficult to pronounce
and understand the text. The writer tried to solve this problem by creating fun and
communicative situation in the class related on the skill learned.


In a randomized double-blind study, the effect of hypericum extract was compared to that of maprotiline in 24 healthy volunteers. The investigations included measurements of resting EEG as well as visual and acoustic evoked potentials. In resting EEGs, both medications revealed oppositely directed changes in the theta frequencies, and mainly similarly directed changes in alpha and beta frequencies. Measurements of evoked potentials in the theta and beta frequencies supported these results. The results indicate improved cognitive functions mainly with the treatment of hype ricurn extract. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol1994; 7(suppl1): 844-846). In a previous study with 12 subjects, the neurophysiologic effects ofhypericurn extract LI 160 were compared with placebo. There were characteristic changes in the theta, alpha, and beta bands of the resting EEG. Auditory and visual evoked potentials also showed typical changes, which continuously increased up to week 4 of the 6-week period of treatment. I The aim of our study was to perform an equivalent study with hypericum extract LI 160 in comparison with the standard antidepressant maprotiline. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This double-blind study was performed using parallel group comparison with a total of24 (12 male and 12 female) subjects aged from 18 to 45 years (mean: 28 years). All subjects had unremarkable findings on physical, neurologic, and psychiatric examinations. All concomitant medications were excluded apart from contraceptives for the women. After a I-week washout phase, the subjects were randomized into the two treatment groups. The subjects then took one coated tablet three times daily for 4 weeks. The coated tablets contained either 300 mg of hypericum extract LI 160 (group A) or 10 mg maprotiline (group B). The subjects were assessed before starting the study and then after 2, 4, and 5 weeks. The trial protocol had been approved by an independent ethics committee before the start of the study. The subjects received both oral and written explanations concerning the From the Hordt-Institut (Drs. Johnson, Ksciuk, Sauerwein-Giese, and Frauendorf), Rildermark, and Psychiatrisches Fachkrankenhaus und Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universitat GieBen (Prof Dr. Woelk), GieBen, Germany. Correspondence: Dr. David Johnson, Hordt Institut, Am Ganseeck 2, 63322 Rodermark, Germany. 844 form, content, and risks of the study, after which they gave written consent. The resting EEG was recorded for 5 minutes over the frequency range of0.1 to 200 Hz using the Cz-Fz and Oz-T6Ieads, according to the international 10-20system. The EEG was digitized at intervals of 50 x 2 sec using the sampling frequency of 512 Hz. The data were stored on a hard disc and were analyzed off-line using a frequency procedure (Fourier). Changes in the power components were tested using descriptive statistics. Testing of subjective well-being was carried out using the self-rating scale of von Zerssen (Bf-S). Standard methods for determining undesired drug effects (FSUCL) were used at all assessment times. The biometric evaluation procedures were decided before the start of the study. The t test and Wilcoxon test were used. The results shown here are limited to the descriptive elemen-


The unique transparency of the ocular lens is a consequence its cellular architecture. Failure of volume homeostasis leads to a swelling of fiber cells that distorts this architecture and results in lens cataract. Like other cell types, the lens uses a variety of Cl‐ channels and transporters to regulate its volume. However in contrast to other tissues, these volume regulatory processes appear to be spatially segregated in the lens between cells at different stages of differentiation. Utilizing a novel preparation of viable lens fiber cells, we have used whole cell patch clamping to compared the volume regulatory mechanisms of fiber cell isolated from the zones of influx and efflux. Under isotonic conditions short peripheral fiber cells (<50 μm) from the zone of ion efflux tended to have a minimal Cl‐ conductance, but upon exposure to a hyposmotic solution were capable of a regulatory volume decrease that was inhibited by DIOA. Interestingly, exposure of short fiber cells to hyposmotic solutions plus DIOA caused cell swelling and the subsequent activation of a Cl‐ conductance. In contrast longer fiber cells (>120 μm) were dominated by an outwardly rectifying Cl‐ conductance which was blocked by NPPB. Since fiber cells are connected by gap junctions it is expected that these spatially distinct Cl‐ influx and efflux pathways produce a circulating flux of ions which plays a key role in tissue homeostasis. These transport processes may also be targeted pharmacologically to modulate lens cell volume in potential therapeutic interventions.


The head and neck region is an uncommon site for pleomorphic sarcoma (PS). In the head and neck, PS has been reported mostly in nasal cavity and paranasal sinus accounting for 30% of all cases. The objective of this study is to report an unusual pleomorphic sarcoma in soft tissue of the neck.


The temperature field of the beam pipe was calculated at the maximum heat loads and designed flow rates of the cooling liquids. The maximum difference between the predicted and measured temperature on the outer surface of the beam pipe was found to be 0.6 K. In addition, the temperature field between the beam pipe and the inner barrel of the main drift chamber (MDC) was calculated assuming natural convection heat transfer of the air in the enclosed cavity under three different conditions. The results of the calculation showed that only the use of insulation covers on the transition sections of the beam pipe keeps the temperature of the inner barrel in the range of 293.0±1.0 K. The thermal conductivity of the heat insulators under the heat insulation covers must be less than 0.5 W/(m·K).Copyright © 2008 by ASME


A goal-based control system may be provided that controls lighting based on high-level management goals for the operation of a lighting system. The system may include a lighting system model. The system may convert the high-level management goals into low-level device control parameters that include a power level for each respective one of the light fixtures, where the system determines that a modeled operation of each respective one the light fixtures at the power level meets the management goals based on the lighting system model. The system may cause each respective one of the light fixtures to operate at the power level. The system may determine a likelihood of satisfying the management goals.


Objectives: The study aims to identify the quality of life level in schizophrenic patients and to find out therelationships between the quality of life and some of personal characteristics for those patients withschizophrenia.Methodology: A descriptive correlation analytic design was used by using the assessment technique on sampleof 100 schizophrenic outpatients, who were selected purposively (non-probability sample) during the period10/ 3/2013 - 1/ 12 /2013. The study was conducted on the schizophrenic patients in an out patient psychiatricclinics at Ibn-Rushd; and Al-Rashad Psychiatric Teaching Hospital; Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Al-KadhimyaTeaching Hospital. Self administrative questionnaire was used which includes of two parts: the first includes thecovering letter and personal characteristics; the second include the quality of life scale (World HealthOrganization QoL-BREF). The validity of the instrument was determined by using of face validity through thepanel of experts, and the reliability of the instrument was determined by internal consistency through thecomputation of Alpha Correlation Coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha). The data were collected through theutilization of the self administrated questionnaire as a mean of data collection via structured interviewing. Dataanalysis was employed by applying the Statistical Package for Social Science version 17.0 (SPSS).Results: The results indicated that the majority of sample were single males aged from 30-44 years old whowere unemployed graduated from institute or college education. The higher percentage of them had 11 yearsand above duration of illness with 1-3 admission and complaining positive symptom. The majority ofschizophrenic patients have moderate quality of life level. There is a significant positive relationship betweenquality of life and marital status and there is no relationship with other characteristics.Recommendations: The study recommended of providing vocational and rehabilitative programs for theschizophrenic patients to improve their quality of life, and also the replication of the study with a large sampleis important.


Objective To study the effect of totalflavonoids of astragalus(TFA)on experimental arrhythmia in Rats.Methods Arrhythmia model which was induced by barium chloride and creating myocardial ischemic reperfusion were applied to compare the effect of TFA with the control on arrhythmogenesis of the model Rats.Results ⑴TFA could decrease the arrhythmogenesis of the rats of ischamia reperfusion compared with control(n=8,P=0.0317).⑵TFA could decrease arrhythmogenesis of the rats induced by barium chloride(n=8,P=0.02863).Conclusion TFA has a remarkable protecting effect on experimental arrhythmia in Rats.


Emerging evidence revealed the active role played by capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) during the disease progression and metastasis of some cancers. It was shown that CMG2 was increased in pancreatic tumours in our previous research. The current study further validated this finding for the expression of CMG2 in pancreatic cancer and also dissected its clinical implication.

 Immunochemical staining of CMG2 was performed on a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray (PA2081, Biomax, n = 104). Clinical relevance of CMG2 was analysed in TCGA pancreatic cancer cohort and gene array data (GSE71729) using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Influence of CMG2 on adhesion to a mesothelial cell monolayer was determined using both Mia-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell lines with CMG2 knockdown.

 CMG2 is increased significantly in pancreatic ductal adenomas, P < 0.001 compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues. Higher levels of CMG2 were also revealed in the distant metastases of pancreatic cancer, P < 0.001 compared with both primary tumuors and distant metastasis. Elevated expression CMG2 protein in pancreatic cancers was also observed on the tissue microarray. Patients with higher CMG2 expression tumours had shorter overall survival (median = 15.8 months), P < 0.001 compared with those patients with lower CMG2 expressing tumours (median = 30.4 months). Knockdown of the CMG2 significantly decreased the number of cells which adhere to the mesothelial cells (P < 0.001).

 Elevated CMG2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas is associated with distant metastasis and shorter survival which requires further investigation to shed light on its therapeutic potential.

 Elevated CMG2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas is associated with distant metastasis and shorter survival.


A NOTE on the object of the experiment is perhaps called for. The game animals feed the tsetse flies and act as hosts also for the pathogenic trypanosomes. In consequence their extermination has frequently been advocated and in some colonies great slaughters have already taken place. I have personally taken the view that the game fauna of Africa is too precious an asset to be lightly destroyed if we can find any other means of destroying the tsetses; and we have laid ourselves out, as a Department, to discover these other means. At the same time it is certain that a modicum of game destruction must here and there take place where other measures will not suffice. I accordingly laid down this scheme of experiment, which Harrison is carrying out so ably, for the purpose of learning all we can of the relations of the game animals and the flies, in order to ascertain the minimum amount of game destruction which will anywhere suffice for our purpose, and with the idea, also, of supplying the scientific control which has been lacking in the great slaughters of game that have taken place elsewhere. In conjunction with these experiments, the preferences of the flies are being tested in the laboratory: it may be that some species of mammals are nauseous to the flies and need not be attacked. Irritability, tendency to use open country, and defensive fur may protect other species. The mere absence of the animals from the flies' feeding grounds in the period of stress (late dry season) may suffice. We are still at the beginning of the subject, but I wish to make it clear meantime that the hope underlying the experiment is that, where game destruction has to be used, discriminative destruction may suffice.


External force at the end-effector is often required for the force control of robotic manipulator. In some cases, the force information measured by wrist force sensor consists of the external force and the undesired inertial force arising from the acceleration of the end-effector. Up to now, il: is still difficult to extract the external force exactly for the insufficiency of acceleration information. A novel six-axis accelerometer in. the type of dual annular membranes structure is presented in this paper. It can simultaneously measure all three linear acceleration components ax, ay, az, and three angular acceleration components ax, ay, az which can be used to extract the external forces. The Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were carried out to optimize the configuration of strain gauges. The analysis of the rated strains and interference strains indicates that the accelerometer has a low level cross-sensitivity. The characteristic experiment shows that the linearity of the accelerometer is good with minor interference errors. It also reveals that the rated strains and interference strains are in good correspondence with the results from the FEM simulations.


Blunt diaphragmatic injury can be easily missed at initial presentation, especially in a setting without herniation through the defect. Patients who are diagnosed with diaphragmatic trauma need urgent surgery to prevent herniation of abdominal content or complications associated with herniation. The general management of these patients is a laparotomy or thoracotomy. There have been reports of laparoscopy used to treat these patients; however, this is not widely practised. We present a case of pericardio-diaphragmatic rupture which was managed successfully using laparoscopy.


Acoustic cues are robust elements that can be used to infer information contained in the speech signal, such as underlying linguistic distinctive features and the words intended by the speaker (Stevens JASA 2002). Yet, most current automatic speech recognition systems do not take advantage of a feature-cue-based framework for signal analysis. In this project, a set of common acoustic cues has been explicitly modeled by Gaussian mixture models. This set of acoustic cues can provide evidence for the overall phoneme and word sequences of an utterance. The extracted cues and their values can also determine a speaker's linguistic production pattern, i.e., the systematic context-governed modifications in surface-phonetic form that occur pervasively in conversational speech. The simple Gaussian mixture model representation structure reduces the need for extensive amounts of training data, in contrast to conventional schemes based on large neural networks.Acoustic cues are robust elements that can be used to infer information contained in the speech signal, such as underlying linguistic distinctive features and the words intended by the speaker (Stevens JASA 2002). Yet, most current automatic speech recognition systems do not take advantage of a feature-cue-based framework for signal analysis. In this project, a set of common acoustic cues has been explicitly modeled by Gaussian mixture models. This set of acoustic cues can provide evidence for the overall phoneme and word sequences of an utterance. The extracted cues and their values can also determine a speaker's linguistic production pattern, i.e., the systematic context-governed modifications in surface-phonetic form that occur pervasively in conversational speech. The simple Gaussian mixture model representation structure reduces the need for extensive amounts of training data, in contrast to conventional schemes based on large neural networks.


South Norfolk Council agreed to formally adopt the Cringleford Neighbourhood Development Plan, at its full Council meeting on Monday night.


The theoretical research of modern psychology has been facing suspicion and criticism.But under the influence of the 20th century new physics and scientific philosophy,the recent theoretical research of psychology shows a tendency to revival,and thus a specialized branch discipline—theoretical psychology—has emerged.The constant advancement of theoretical psychology has mainly benefited from the sustained innovation and accumulation in methodology: scientific realism,scientific hermeneutics,and social constructivism constitute the basis for the reconstruction of the theoretical psychology.All these new approaches have recaptured the academic charm of the theoretical research of psychology.The developments in the western theoretical psychology are very instructive to the promotion of the theoretical construction of psychology in China.


Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is the core part of missile guidance system. Its performance can affect the hit-point deviation directly. In order to achieve a good striking effect, we should estimate IMU performance to choose the IMUs with high quality to complete certain task. But for the purpose of saving resource and using every set of IMU adequately, estimation methods in different trajectories are brought forward under the background of strapdown inertial measurement unit (SIMU). So the research takes hit accuracy as final estimation criterion, uses trajectory characteristics and aim characteristics as the methods to choose different SIMUs for different trajectories. The experiment testifies applying the methods can achieve the goal of choosing SIMUs in the certain condition, and it can instruct SIMU usage in practice.


Background: A 45-year-old man presented with pain in the left inguinal region. His maximum walking distance did not exceed 1000 meters. He did not mention pain at rest or at night. Physical examination performed by an orthopedic surgeon demonstrated impaired passive movement of the left hip joint, a negative Trendelenburg sign and a negative Drehmann's sign. Three and a half years ago the patient underwent a liver transplantation because of severe liver cirrhosis. He was treated with 125 mg cyclosporine two times a day. MRI was performed after the initial conventional radiography of the hip to rule out avascular necrosis of the femoral head.


PNOC-EDC pioneered tlie use of gas lifting to initiate geothermal well discharges in the Philippines in 1992. Liquid nitrogen is gassified and pumped into tlie wellbore through a coiled tubing. Tlie "lift" is achieved through tlie creation of a pressure drop between the reservoir and tlie wellbore at tlie injection point. By October 1997, a total of 28 wells have been successfully discharged by gas lifting. This involved a total of 38 attempts, with 11 failures mostly caused by equipment breakdown during injection. The paper also discusses considerations taken by PNOC-EDC in planning for and conducting a successful gas lifting operation.


People differ in good lessons. So-called criteria of good lessons are also set by adults. Classroom life is mainly experienced by children. Educational phenomenology shows that teacher-student life experience, educational real domain and life significance should all be focused on in education. Therefore, this study aims at listening to children's voice from their hearts, and describes the good lessons in their hearts.


This essay argues, with Catherine M. LaCugna and others, that affirming that God is divine being-in-communion, the Three-in-One in whom power is equally shared, and in whom unity and difference wholly coincide has thoroughly practical consequences for congregational life. Dominant cultural models from outside the church that too often structure patterns of power and influence within the ecclesial community can be challenged, and a fresh theological basis for sustained theological and cultural pluralism in congregational life can be affirmed.


The number and interdependency of vehicle CO2 reduction technologies, which can be employed to reduce greenhouse emissions for regulatory compliance in the European Union and other countries, has increasingly grown in the recent years. This paper proposes a method to optimally combine these technologies on cars or other road vehicles to improve their energy efficiency. The methodological difficulty is in the fact that these technologies have incompatibilities between them. Moreover, two conflicting objective functions are considered and have to be optimized to obtain Pareto optimal solutions: the CO2 reduction versus costs. For this NP-complete combinatorial problem, a method based on a metaheuristic with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) combined with a Local Search (LS) algorithm is proposed and generalized as the Technology Packaging Problem (TPP). It consists in finding, from a given set of technologies (each with a specific cost and CO2 reduction potential), among all their possible combinations, the Pareto front composed by those configurations having the minimal total costs and maximum total CO2 reduction. We compare the performance of the proposed method with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) showing the improvements achieved. Thanks to the increased computational efficiency, this technique has been deployed to solve thousands of optimization instances generated by the availability of these technologies by year, type of powertrain, segment, drive cycle, cost type and scenario (i.e., more or less optimistic technology cost for projected data) and inclusion of off-cycle technologies. The total combinations of all these parameters give rise to thousands of distinct instances to be solved and optimized. Computational tests are also presented to show the effectiveness of this new approach. The outputs have been used as basis to assess the costs of complying with different levels of new vehicle CO2 standards, from the perspective of different manufacturer types as well as vehicle users in Europe.


This paper gives a brief introduction of genesis of naval multi weapon platform DIS system.It emphasizes several integration technologies for establishing this DIS system.At the end of the paper a look to the application prosect of the system is given.


System Approach to the Design of Genericj Software for Real-Time Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Computer-Integrated Assembly for Cost-Effective Developments. Multi-Level Decision Making for Process Planning. A Computer-Aided and Integrated Machining System. Intelligent Set-Up Planning Systems for Parts Production in Manufacturing Systems. Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation of Multipurpose Batch Plants. Scheduling Systems and Techniques in Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Automated Systems Techniques for On-Line Quality and Production Control in the Manufacturing of Textiles.


We studied the use of a combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and ozonation for the decolorization of the azo dye, C.I. Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84). The effects of initial dye concentration, initial pH, current density, salt concentration, ozone flow rate, temperature and interelectrode distance on the decolorization of RY84 were investigated. The results showed that a synergistic effect was achieved by combining EC with ozone for the decolorization of RY84. Under the experimental conditions, the decolorization rate increased with an increase in current density. However, the decolorization rate decreased with an increase in initial dye concentration and salt concentration. The interelectrode distance did not substantially affect the decolorization rate. Other operating parameters such as initial pH, ozone flow rate and temperature had both positive and negative effects. Over 97% of the color decay was achieved within 10 min reaction time under reasonable experimental conditions. When the decolorization of RY84 was complete, the efficiency of removal of total organic carbon (TOC) was more than 85%.


This paper studies the impacts and determinants of trade policy: preferential trade agreements and multilateral opening. I estimate sector-level trade elasticities to calibrate a multi-sector Armington model of trade. I then use it to compute the price and real wage impacts of trade policy over 2001–2007, as well as the impacts of hypothetical, nonsigned trade agreements. I find that real wage gains positively predict the probability to sign a preferential agreement. Gains from multilateral opening reduce this probability. Finally, expected production price increases, reflecting market access gains, are a stronger determinant of the signing of PTAs than gains in the form of lower consumption prices.


Many remote sensing instruments employ diffuse targets for calibration. These targets usually consist of diftusers with high Lambertian characteristics illuminated by a calibrated irradiance source. There is increasing interest in conducting in-orbit radiance calibration checks of remote sensing instruments using sunlight reflected off a diffuser. We report on the effects of space flight on the reflectance properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and aluminum diffuser samples flown on three Space Shuttle flights. These experiments showed good stability of both diffuser types in the visible and near infrared but experienced measurable degradation in the ultraviolet. Degradation varied from flight to flight and seemed to be related to different levels of contamination experienced on the three flights.


This article puts forward the impor-tant meaning of the protective development ofthe First Heavy-dutyW orkshop of Machine ToolPlant of Beijing, in terms of urban planning andthe public environment designing. Ita lso makesa supplementary support to the proposal madeby Mr.LIU Hui-yuan, and introduces some for-eign successful experiences, in order to givesome reference to the relevant department ofBeijing.


Science recently highlighted cancer immunotherapy as the "2013 Breakthrough of the Year." More to the point, they stated "this year marks a turning point in cancer, as long-sought efforts to unleash the immune system against tumors are paying off–even if the future remains a question mark".1 Most of the celebration involves the compelling results of targeted agents designed to reactivate the immune system by manipulating the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. By blocking these recently identified suppressor molecules, these targeted therapies are designed to unleash the immune system either as monotherapies or in combination with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The ultimate result of either strategy should improve the treatment of established, late stage disease, a patient population that has yet to be adequately addressed with modern modalities. While these investigations have provided a novel direction for enhancing cancer treatment, additional technologies still need to be developed to specifically identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to harness the full power of the immune system. Active specific immunotherapy (ASI) has the potential to be that transformative technology by embracing the recently demonstrated genomic heterogeneity of tumor cells, through the use of live, metabolically active, autologous tumor cells which represent the entire antigenic diversity of each patients' primary tumor.

ASI involves generating a robust, cell-mediated, cytotoxic immune reaction against tumor cells. This concept is rooted in the reality that patient-derived vaccines can induce a potent and lasting immune response against TAAs capable of halting or even eliminating tumors to prevent recurrence. If immunomodulatory agents are capable of rearming the immune system against cancer, then ASI serves as the guidance system. However, do we have physical evidence to suggest killer T-cells are capable of interacting with malignant cells in a therapeutic manner? There is a considerable amount of literature discussing the quantitative effect of in vitro T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, but there is a paucity of direct evidence. In a previous study, Bucana et al.,2,3 harvested immune lymphocytes and other white blood cells from the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs that had previously been immunized and cured of a lethal, transplantable, syngeneic hepatocarcinoma. These primed immune cells, with proven in vivo cytotoxic capabilities, were then combined in vitro with the same tumor cell line and followed sequentially with time-lapse cinematography, scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy. In this manner, the authors were able to directly observe lymphocyte and macrophages interact with "familiar" cancer cells in vitro.

During co-culture, considerable migration of lymphocytes and other monocytes (later identified as macrophages), occurred on and around the tumor cells (Fig. 1). Two important observations characterized the interaction of lymphocytes and activated macrophages with the tumor cell surface. First, active extension and contraction of monocyte cytoplasmic processes was observed around and into the tumor cell surface. This "probing" was sustained for long periods of time without significant lateral movement of the activated monocytes. Thus, considerable clasmatosis of the T-cells and macrophages was observed at the tumor cell surface. Second, exocytosis of osmiophilic organelles from the monocytes to the tumor cells was observed Figure 2. These organelles had the morphologic and histochemical characteristics of primary and/or secondary lysosomes. Additionally, it was clear that some of the lysosomal organelles were still within segments of monocyte cytoplasm that had detached at the tumor cell surface. Clasmatosis of macrophage or monocyte cytoplasmic extensions with these organelles would allow for tumor cell internalization of toxic proteinases initiating the dramatic cytotoxic events that were observed during the study. Other experimental systems have also reached similar conclusions concerning the cytotoxic events occurring between the innate immune response and cancer cells.4,5 Following cell lysis, the existing macrophages further phagocytized the ruptured tumor cell cytoplasm enabling the identification of secondary or previously "hidden" TAAs. Based on the studies above, the innate immune system already possesses the tools to recognize and destroy malignant cells if appropriately directed.

Figure 1.

(A) Time-lapse cinematography of transplantable, L 10 hepatocarcinoma of syngeneic Strain 2 guinea pigs with 3 peritoneal monocytes from L 10 immune animals. Note the extensions from the monocytes (clasmatosis) (B) Implosion of the tumor cell. (C) Cytoplasm ...

Figure 2.

(A) A lysosome trapped between a monocyte and tumor cell. (B) Lysosome like organelle vacuoles in monocyte and organelle in tumor cell. (C) An extension from the monocyte to and possible into the tumor cell. Intracytoplasmic organelles in the probing ...

The early claims of immunotherapy for cancer came from reports of infectious agents reducing or eliminating localized tumors both in animal models and man (for review see Hanna et al.,6). In fact, the first vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer was Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In 1976, Morales et al.,7 first reported the use of BCG for treatment of non-muscle invasive superficial bladder tumors. They reported a 12-fold reduction in recurrence rate of superficial bladder tumors following combined intravesical and intradradermal administration of BCG. Subsequently, numerous prospective randomoized clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy for therapy of Carcinoma-in situ (CIS) and later for preventing the progression and recurrence of superficial papillary bladder cancer. It seems that the immune system is triggered by the admixing of the BCG attaching to the tumor at the wall of the bladder and this is often considered to be more inflammation by the innate immune response, thus categorized as active nonspecific immunotherapy.

These results supported the enthusiasm for the specificity of ASI as a rational modality for cancer treatment and developing cancer vaccines as a means of achieving tumor-specific immune responses for disseminated disease. However, the majority of cancer vaccines have failed in practice (Fig. 3). Over the last decade, the failure rate of these treatments in phase II/III clinical trials is over 70%. If we intend to make meaningful progress with vaccine-based cancer treatments, we need to resolve this glaring discrepancy between theory and practice.

Figure 3.

In the 2 rectangles on the right, cancer vaccine candidates on the left and declared failed candidates, blue letters, on the right. Both of these used to treat patients with advanced disease. OncoVAX an autologous tumor cell vaccine used to treat occult ...

First, almost all of these trials were conducted in patients with advanced, late stage disease as a primary or salvage treatment to improve overall survival. These patients are often heavily pretreated with extensive disseminated disease. However, we must understand these immune-based treatments are expected to be effective within a well-established, tumor microenvironment that is often immunosuppressive. As mentioned above, we now have considerable evidence that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) demonstrate an "exhausted" phenotype initiated by molecular interactions within the tumor cells. Specifically molecules, such as members of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, negatively regulate the efficacy of these immune responses.8,9 This critical interaction prevents cytotoxic T-cell responses against cancer cells, essentially cloaking them from the immune system. Thus, even with a systemic, robust immune response, the functional immunocompetant cells are suppressed within the primary tumor.

The second issue complicating cancer vaccine effectiveness is the staggering degree of heterogeneity observed within established tumors and between patients of a given cancer type. In 2007, a major review of active cancer vaccines outlined the various disappointing results in the field.10 One of the first general considerations of this review highlighted the importance of antigen discovery: "select the most informative targets." The authors point out that ideal targets should be tumor-specific and "it is important to use the intended study population to assess the proportion of tumors that express the target of choice and the proportion of cells within each tumor that express it." Thus, it should be a common goal within the field to actively search for a convenient number of shared antigens that most effectively define a patient population of interest. However, this stipulation would require a disease with significant inter- and intra-patient homogeneity.


Adhesion, friction and wear of Single-Walled Nanotube (SWNT) and multi-walled nanotube arrays have been investigated. SWNT arrays exhibit lower adhesion and friction values on account of the lower van der Waals' forces resulting from lower packing density and higher flexibility. Wear tests show that both arrays do not wear. Tip wear and friction force in the SWNT array are lower due to lower adhesion and higher flexibility of the SWNTs, which lead to less resistance to the motion of the tip.


Objective: To evaluate the gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) on the maternal complications and the impact on perinatal outcome,and scientific control of blood glucose and maternal prognosis.Methods: Analyzed the clinical data of 58cases of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) patients,who were divided into two groups based on if they achieved a desirable level of blood glucose control:(1) Group A-good blood glucose control group(40 cases);Group B(18 cases) Glucose control was not good.We conducted the analysis about the association between GDM maternal complications and perinatal complications.Results: GDM maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension,premature rupture of membranes,fetal distress,premature birth,neonatal hypoglycemia,the incidence of macrosomia in Group A was greatly lower than the values in Group B,and the difference between the two groups is statistically significant.Conclusion: Blood glucose screening during pregnancy is important.Gestational diabetes can be diagnosed as early as possible.Through the scientific approach of controlling of blood glucose levels proactively,the GDM maternal and perinatal complications incidence can be reduced.


A series of trials extending over three seasons has shown a number of F1 combinations to be superior in production, quality and earliness to the standard tomato variety used in commercial glasshouses in the Murray Valley irrigation area. An assessment of varieties for their potential as parents, points to other F1 hybrid combinations which would warrant testing.


: An analysis of spectral response apodization by duty cycle methods for grating-assisted optical filters is presented. The study is performed for the case of co-directional couplers, Bragg reflectors and mirrors. The modeling results show that the supersymmetric duty cycle (SDC) modulation method, initially considered for Parity-Time symmetric gratings [JSTQE 22 (5), 35-41 (2016)], performs better than the other methods. An analytical approach to the transfer matrix of the modulated grating explains the better performance of the SDC method. the insertion of an extra half-period into the gratings modulated by the SDC method is having no influence on the position of the center wavelength and only very little influence on the level of secondary sidelobes. The results obtained are essentially


Briefly, the wireless communication device (200) includes receiving the the forward pilot signal broadcast channel, at least one receiver channel element such as receiver finger (212). Wireless communication device (200) also as a suitably programmed processor, including a non-broadcast channel acquisition module determines nonbroadcast channel whether initially capturable (216). If the non-broadcast channel can not be captured, non-broadcast channel acquisition module (216) determines whether the forward pilot signal associated with the non-broadcast channel is acceptable quality. This, for example, can be based on the symbol error rate or other suitable criteria, the energy level and received information of the pilot signals. Nonbroadcast channel acquisition module (216) also, prior to the predetermined time-out period, when forward pilot signal is acceptable quality to the transmitter, such as a BTS, non broadcast by increasing the transmission power of the communication channel, it informs to facilitate non-broadcast channel acquisition. Therefore, the wireless communication device to receive successive frames of a plurality of acceptable, there is no need to wait timeout period determined in advance.


A population of DH was constructed,which derived from a cross between Taixing 9425 with waterlogging tolerance and Franklin which is susceptible to waterlogging. The five characters associated with waterlogging tolerance including maximum root length,root fresh weight,root dry weight,shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weight were investigated under water stress. Transgressive segregations for all traits were observed in the population,and their frequencies were showed a continuous distribution. The characters were controlled by multi-genes with major effects, and minor modifiers. Based on the linkage map,the composite interval mapping approach of QTL Cartographer 2. 5 was used to detect the QTL for these traits. A total of 13 QTL associated with root and shoot traits were mapped on all chromosomes except 2 and 3. All QTL were responsible for interpreting 10. 99%- 20. 7%,and the range of LOD were 2. 59- 3. 83. Among these QTL,2 QTL controlling maximum root length,2 QTL controlling root fresh weight, 3 QTL controlling root dry weight,3 QTL controlling shoot fresh weight and 3 QTL controlling shoot dry weight were detected. Tightly linked QTL regions on chromosome 6 and 7 were identified,which suggested the existence of pleiotropic or genetic linkage. The above result played a vital role in marker assisted selection and fine mapping of QTL associated with root and waterlogging tolerance.


Here we present a sequential Monte Carlo approach that can be used to find optimal designs. Our focus is on the design of phase III clinical trials where the derivation of sampling windows is required, along with the optimal sampling schedule. The search is conducted via a particle filter which traverses a sequence of target distributions artificially constructed via an annealed utility. The algorithm derives a catalogue of highly efficient designs which, not only contain the optimal, but can also be used to derive sampling windows. We demonstrate our approach by designing a hypothetical phase III clinical trial.


The purpose of the present longitudinal study was to examine the role of negative work–home interference (WHI) in the classical stressor–strain sequence. First, the predominant time-lagged path between WHI and job stressors was investigated. Furthermore, the direct and indirect (mediating) process of WHI, job stressors, and employee health was examined. The sample consisted of 383 health care employees. Results showed evidence for predominant time-lagged paths from Time 1 job stressors to Time 2 WHI and not the other way around. In addition, it appeared that WHI played a partial mediating role between all 3 types of job stressors on the one hand and exhaustion on the other.


The rice cells stained with fluorescent whitening agent VBL were observed by fluorescence microscope with 345 nm excitation wavelength and 430 nm emission wavelength to observe elimination and regeneration of rice cell walls during preparation and culture process of rice protoplasts rapidly and accurately.The blue fluorescence around cells represents distribution equality and intensity fluorescence at early stage,gradually mal-distribution and dim fluorescence,and finally the blue fluorescence disappears,which indicates that cellulose is gradually eliminated by enzymolysis,but the blue fluorescence performance in the protoplast culture process is just the opposite of the protoplast preparation process.In conclusion,the fluorescent whitening agent(VBL)can be used in rapid and accurate detection of rice protoplasts during the preparation and culture process.


The author has been able to measure conductivity currents in hexane up to the breakdown stress by using a conditioning process which enables a stable state of the electrodes and liquid to be kept for many hours. It is shown that the results are consistent with a theory of electron emission from the cathode, and that the dominant process is the Schottky one, together with the mathematically similar barrier peak tunnelling component. The work function is found to be 1.0 to 1.2 eV, although this may contain a bulk liquid component. For stresses of 1 MV cm-1 and greater, evidence is given of an ionization process within the liquid. Due to the difficulties of analysis, caused by the use of spherical electrodes, no estimate of the ionization increment factor α can be given. The tests give no information on the possibility of transient changes in the cathode state due to its inability rapidly to neutralize ionized particles reaching it.


After the Second World War, a U.S. intelligence services officer investigating the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology and Human Heredity commented that one German anthropologist was 1,000 times more guilty than an ordinary SS man (Weindling 1989). Yet, despite the Nuremberg medical trials and denazification tribunals, there was remarkable continuity of eugenically minded geneticists, who, after 1945, were appointed to newly founded chairs and to institutes of human genetics (Koch 1985). At the same time certain leading geneticists (notably, Hans Nachtsheim) were concerned that the reaction against Nazi racism should not lead to the wholesale condemnation of eugenics, so that eugenic prescriptions could continue to be derived from human genetics. Despite the condemnation of Nazi racism, the 1950s


The present invention provides a system for treating a functional dynamic stabilization system 10 and the instability of the spine. Each unit and collective system, fixed unstable vertebral area of the disease, is configured to control the extension and translation, by restoring normal function to stabilize the vertebral segment. This lateral bending, axial compression, rotation, height adjustment of the front segment, is achieved by providing a unit and a system that allows for adjustment of the height of the segment rear. The units and systems, while producing sufficient segmental stiffness to limit or control the range of motion (i.e., while sufficient rigidity in the neutral zone or activity zone occurs, to limit or prevent movement of the outer activity zone) , to stabilize the vertebral segment. In use, the system results in a natural motion similar to the motion of the normal spine. Furthermore, the system comprises a fusion coupler 20 with a configured for use in the adjacent vertebral level rigidity.


Microalgae are biological indicators of heavy metal pollution. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are extremely toxic metals to aquatic organisms. In the present study, single and combined toxicity of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ to Scenedesmus acutus and Schroederia sp. collected from the famous Xin'an River (Huangshan City) were evaluated. Treatments with 0.5-2.0 mg/L Cd 2+ significantly reduced S. acutus population growth, and treatment with 2.0 mg/L Cd 2+ significantly decreased Schroederia sp. population growth rate, suggesting a higher tolerance of Schroederia sp. than S. acutus to Cd 2+ pollution. In addition, Cd 2+ treatments significantly decreased chlorophyll a , carotene contents, and photosynthetic fluorescent parameters rETR max and I k , demonstrating that the harms on photosynthesis might be the underlying mechanism of Cd 2+ toxicity to algae. Treatments with 5.0-15.0 mg/L Pb 2+ did not significantly affected population growth and photosynthetic pigment content. However, combined exposure to Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ revealed antagonistic effects on both species. Overall, these results provide basic information to the ecological risk assessments of heavy metal pollution in the Xin'an River Basin.

http://www.pjoes.com/pdf-143256-74284?filename=Effects of Cd2_ and Pb2_.pdf


There is increasing recognition that a significant number of Australians and people from specific groups within the community are suffering from vitamin D deficiency. While the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varies, it is much higher than previously thought (Table 1). The highest rates of hip fracture occur in women over 80 years of age, many of whom are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Some studies suggest that mild vitamin D deficiency (insufficiency) can occur at younger ages.


246 THE STORIES CLINICIANS TELL Stefan H. Krieger1 Hofstra University, USA Introduction Unbelievably, it has been more than 15 years since I last visited Palacký during the inaugural year of its Clinic. So, in preparation for today's talk, I thought I should go back to my files to refresh my memory of events a decade-and-a-half ago. As I reviewed those documents, it struck me how the events of that time were much more complicated than I initially remembered. In fact, I saw how my retelling of the events reflected in those papers could be constructed – with appropriate spin -into different stories -some of which could be dramatically divergent from others. When we teach our students legal storytelling, we show them how lawyers can filter out certain details in their cases and focus on others to craft a compelling narrative for one party or the other. Using this approach in describing my Palacký Clinic file, I could tinker with the evidence in it and craft multiple narratives. So to begin my presentation at this conference, I thought that instead of addressing complex law teaching in the abstract, I would start more concretely -to tackle the subject by sharing with you two very divergent tales that can be woven about the


Objective: Obesity is one of the predominant risk factors associated with insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and many metabolic syndromes. In this study, we aimed to investigate inflammatory parameters and their relationship with IR and blood groups in obese individuals. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), biochemical parameters, hemogram values, and blood group types of individuals in the obesity and control groups were recorded and compared. Results: The mean age was 37.37±11.43 years in obese individuals and 41.8% (n=77) of them had IR. Neutrophil and monocyte counts of the obese individuals with IR were significantly higher than those of the individuals without IR in the control and the obesity groups (p<0.001). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were significantly higher in obese individuals with IR compared to obese individuals without IR. IR was more common and neutrophil ratios were significantly higher in obese individuals with B blood type compared to those with O blood type (p=0.023). Conclusion: We found that the values of hematological inflammatory parameters and the levels of NLR, MHR, and SII as indicators of systemic chronic inflammation were increased in obese individuals with IR. We think that our study shows the relationship between inflammation due to excess adipose tissue and the development of IR in obese individuals. We are of the opinion that future studies investigating this subject will help to develop processes for early diagnosis and treatment.


Computer-aided methods are reviewed which are being developed by Langley Research Center in-house work and by related grants and contracts. Synthesis methods to size structural members to meet strength and stiffness (flutter) requirements are emphasized and described. Because of the strong interaction among the aerodynamic loads, structural stiffness, and member sizes of supersonic cruise aircraft structures, these methods are combined into systems of computer programs to perform design studies. The approaches used in organizing these systems to provide efficiency, flexibility of use in an iterative process, and ease of system modification are discussed.


This research analyzes the Factors that affect the English language teaching-learning process in Ecuadorian public high schools during a six-month period in five different public high schools located in the city of Guayaquil.
The study started by analyzing the deficiencies in the process of instructional competence, classroom conditions, as well as characteristics of in-service English teachers, and technological innovations which limit the impact obtained in public high school education. An analysis of the teachers' competence and performance not only tests the knowledge of the language, but also the skills and attitudes.
The method of this research was descriptive, with clear documentation, based on observation and survey; population included teachers, and students. The observation sheet considered fifteen 'on-site' classes throughout the study which detected these deficiencies during the development of the classes.
This research aims to redirect the traditional teaching-learning system in public high schools which will positively contribute to their future professionalism development.
This research's main conclusion according the observed classes was that the students had a low level of English Language Proficiency.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus (117) for a magnetic resonance imaging system (101), in particular magnetic resonance imaging system receiver further signal processing means (117), characterized in that it (117) is adapted to, in response to or from a local coil (106a; 106b) obtained information (Tom, TMM) via the local coil type of the local coil (106a; 106b) in the magnetic resonance imaging system (101, 117) the the further processing (ADC, FGPA) through the local coil (106a; 106b) of the magnetic resonance imaging system (101, 117) transmitted signals (RF-a, RF-b) to be determined.


The infrared absorption spectra of LiF and Li2F2 isolated in solid argon, krypton, and xenon have been investigated from 2 to 35 μ. Infrared frequencies of both molecules have been obtained, and the assignment of the B2u and B3u modes of Li2F2 has been made assuming a planar rhomboid structure, (Vh). An interesting case of a so‐called ``matrix effect'' is also presented.


Heat exchanger network retrofit problems in a multiperiod operation are commonly solved in a stepwise manner. The matching of heat transfer areas is generally used to finalize the retrofit after the determination of the retrofit target of the heat exchanger network. Conventional heat transfer area matching methods are either experience based or model based methods, which may lead to indeterminate solutions or scale limitations in the optimal matching strategy. In this work, a systematic approach and algorithms for matching heat transfer areas in a multiperiod heat exchanger network retrofit are proposed. The methodology is based on the reverse order matching method and the matching algorithms of a bipartite graph. The proposed approach achieves four main objectives: to maximize the number of substituted heat exchangers, to minimize the increases in heat transfer area, to minimize the investment cost after a retrofit, and to minimize the investment cost given the preference rankings restrictions of heat ex...


What role can a university electrical-engineering department have in the field of urban-traffic studies? Two principal contributions have been identified. The first comprises a furtherance of fundamental knowledge of traffic behaviour and control achieved through theoretical studies and more particularly via simulation. The second contribution is through the provision of specific projects of limited scope. These typically relate to high-level technology such as might be involved through the use of microprocessors


in relative kidney weights of fluoride-treated mice and their pups. Urinary fluoride excretion was three times higher in mothers treated with NaF, whereas the rate of fluoride excretion increased by only 3% in their pups. Fluoride administration strongly affected urinary and plasma parameters in 14-day-old mice and their mothers. Daily urine volume in treated groups was higher in the adult mice and their pups than in the controls. Creatinine, a specific indicator of glomerular function, showed significantly higher plasma and lower urinary levels in the treated groups than in the controls. Lipid peroxidation increased in the treated mice, as revealed by high kidney malondialdehyde levels, while plasma and urinary uric acid levels showed a significant decline. There was also a significant increase in urinary zinc and copper levels in both mothers and pups, whereas the plasma levels decreased.


Several research papers have presented crucial work on the needed functionality of home healthcare systems as well as on methods for evaluating the usability of such systems. There is also considerable work on usability problems experienced with systems that are targeted at medical staff. Yet, much less effort has been devoted to identification of usability problems in systems targeted at elderly patients. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by presenting two empirically based usability evaluation studies of different home healthcare systems targeted at elderly users. The aim is to understand key usability problems that this type of target group experience while using such systems. Findings show that a group of elderly test subjects experience a high number of problems compared to a younger control group. In particular, the group of elderly subjects primarily experienced a high number of information related problems regarding e.g. technical information and ambiguous menu labeling. Furthermore, it was found that the group of elderly subjects was more sensitive to lack of overview of menu items. In practice, the studies presented in this paper can be applied to inform designers of home healthcare systems to be particularly aware of the type of information given in a user interface and how this is given to an elderly target group.


Policy Brief 13 November 2013 R E T H I N K I N G P O L I C Y O N G E N D E R , S E X U A L I T Y, A N D W O M E N ' S I S S U E S Universal Access to Contraceptives UNDER COVERED CALIFORNIA Will Improve WOMEN's Reproductive Health by Karen Lai It is essential that the women's preventive coverage benefit, including contraception, be available to all women, regardless of what health plan they have or where they work–as Congress intended. Providing access to birth control just makes good sense. – Gwen Moore, U.S. Representative


Graduate feedback to university management and staff is indecipherable due to the inability to hear all graduates in their totality. The resultant cacophony comes from the an array of comments regarding the higher education system, the teaching and learning processes and the level of support for and success in turning students into professionals ready for the world of work. Identifying salient themes in the vastness of graduate feedback across the university and through time is problematic. New developments in concept mapping and text mining software have made analysis of text data more robust in dealing with large amounts of text comments with minimal researcher intervention. In this research, 11,680 graduates responded to two open-ended questions concerning the best aspects and suggested improvements to their course. Qualitative analysis and concept mapping of graduate feedback identified issues regarding graduates study experiences and their workplace transition. Leximancer software mapped the key concepts in the graduate comments, via a purely ethnomethodological approach. The aim of the qualitative analysis is to understand graduate feedback through: • constructing an understanding of the social reality of university graduates using their own frame of reference, • creating a conceptual map of the dimensions inherent in graduate feedback to universities, • highlighting issues deemed important by graduates, • investigating the relationship between different aspects of the graduate experience. Introduction In the past 20 years, accountability measures have meant the use of student and graduate evaluations and feedback on their course as an essential part of governance of Higher Education in many countries. The value of a qualitative analysis of feedback is to map the scope and strength of issues deemed important by students or graduates while quantitative approaches provide a focus on specific issues deemed important by university staff and higher education management. To date the focus of graduate evaluation of university study focuses on teaching and learning processes (Biggs, 1987a) with quantitative analysis dominating as a means of accessing aspects of student and graduate feedback. Current student evaluation of study research concentrates on the use of feedback for evaluating teaching quality, especially with the aim of encouraging reflective practice among lecturers (Ramsden, 1992). Seeking student perceptions of their higher education experiences serves to identify many facets of the higher education process. Aspects such as the student/consumer levels of satisfaction and perception of quality as researched by Aldridge & Rowley, (1998), Rautopuro & Vaisanen, (2000) serve as performance indicators and best practice mechanisms. Marsh (1987), Ramsden (1991) and Murray (1997) research supported student evaluations as a valid and reliable measure of improvement in teaching and learning processes and quality. These research findings promoted the use of student evaluations of teaching and learning to the extent that it is currently the primary source of student feedback processes. Quantitative surveys of student perception on the quality of teaching and learning processes have an advantage of being specific to the teaching/ learning processes and provide measures identifying statistical significance and longitudinal change. Previously graduate feedback on their university experience replicated current students' evaluations of teaching and learning processes. Qualitative research on either current student or graduate feedback is extremely limited. Johnson (1998, p.1) contribution to qualitative research of student feedback concluded that, "students are not achieving voice, entering into dialogue, being empowered, nor enabled to represent their own concerns and influence change." In order to engage with the student voice some educators advocate remedies as closing the loop (Bateman & Roberts, 1995), feedback systems (King et al, 1999) and two way rapid feedback (Watson, 2003) to involve students in witnessing feedback related change processes. These measures aimed at responding to student feedback and address integrity issues challenged by student scepticism about the absence of effect from their participation in feedback processes. Analysis of graduates' comments by Kabanoff, Richardson and Brown (2003) suggested that there are powerful and recurring messages, which remain untapped in current evaluations of student or graduate experiences. Their research found that graduate comments identify domains; labelled as course, outcomes, coursework and teaching. These themes distinguished between concepts that graduates consider important, compared to students still at university, with the highlighting of a considerable proportion of graduate comments referring to the outcomes since completing their study and their perception of the relevance of their university study to workplace skill demands. Outcomes related comments attracted the largest number of graduate comments and "was critical in predicting course satisfaction" (Kabanoff, Richardson & Brown, 2003, p.8). Graduate comments on outcome to study reflect the success of their transition to the workplace with the development of practical skills, knowledge, experiences and work relevant outcomes achieved since completing study. Graduate feedback via open ended text responses has been problematic to analyse due to the many individual graduate voices speaking on many unspecified topics, one graduates opinion is unable to be compared to another's and one graduate cannot be representative of all graduates and hence the myriad voices lack conventional validity. The qualitative analysis of graduates' comments provided an opportunity to hear a multitude of graduates' voices mentioning an array of issues. Recent developments in data mining and concept mapping software provides a qualitative analysis method which allows for large quantities of opinion by myriad numbers of people to be plotted into thematic groupings and graphically represented in their relationship to other thematic groups or dimensions. The value of this form of qualitative analysis is the capacity to present an interpretation not already established. Successful interpretation contributes a new conceptualisation and understanding of reality in terms of concepts, characteristics and the context existing behind the phenomenon. An optimal weighted set of words found for each concept used to predict the concepts present in fragments of related text. Field trials have shown the system to offer very good performance (Smith, 2000). The software has the capacity to show the proximity of concepts and the strength of relationship between the concepts. Method Sample Graduate comments collected from three consecutive years of the Graduate Destinations survey at an Australian university resulted in 11,680 graduate comments were available for analysis. The graduates were student from all faculties and programs at the university, including postgraduate courses. These comments are responses to two open-ended questions: "What were the best aspects of your course?" and "What aspects of your course are most in need of improvement?" Analysis. Leximancer software can map the proximity of dominant themes and the strength of relationship between themes. It uses a machine-learning algorithm technique with a Bayesian approach to prediction and automatically configures using a thesaurus network to classify and index the content of the graduate feedback. The result is an association of words that relate to and hence load into each concept within the concept map (Smith, 2000). A Leximancer analysis of the graduate comments provides a map the proximity of dominant themes and the strength of relationship between themes. This analysis included combining of responses from both best aspects and needs improvement in one analysis and the capacity to tag the comments in relation to the polarities of best aspects and needs improvement. This clumping of themes relative to each other provides an overall view of the social reality of graduates when asked to consider the qualities of their course. This method of analysis served to investigate: • the degree of replication of the conceptual structure of domains within Leximancer, • the proximal relationship between domains, • themes left untapped by the data and the relative importance compared to tapped domains. RESULTS The responses to open ended questions reflect issues that graduates deem as significant and important. That is graduates will tend to comment on issues that they consider in hindsight as relevant and maybe prompted by the graduate survey questions. The repeated presence of thematic patterns occurring within the graduates' comments reflects significant experiences for graduates. This thematic analysis shows the proximal relationship between themes for both groups of best aspects and needs improvement comments. Any singular versions of seedword were linked with the plural, so that significant seedwords as lecturer and lecturers, class and classes. Responses to the best aspects and needs improvement questions were tagged and represented at polar positions on the concept map. The Leximancer concept map outlined the weighting and relationship of the conceptual themes within the graduate comments as seen in table 1. Table 1. Conceptual map of most important themes graduates outline in feedback to universities. Fifty one percent of the graduate comments were capture in this totally software driven analysis. Table 1 plots 60 main themes identified after 1000 iterations and shows the concept in regard to both 'best aspects' or 'needs improvement'. The conceptual themes appearing in the map appear as relevant groupings based on the similar aspects and the proximity of the concepts to each. These conceptual clumps or domains share the following concept characteristics: • Assessment – charac


An acoustic imaging system has been developed to study the diffraction and reflection of waves from scale models. The intended use of this system was the comparison of theoretical diffraction calculations with actual measurements. An overhead trolley was used to transport a source-receiver pair over a model while transmitting and collecting a swept frequency source signal. The collected signals were crosscorrelated with a reference signal, previously collected using the same system in the absence of reflectors and diffractors. Two typical images are presented including one showing effects due to ridges smaller than one percent of the dominant wavelength.