Algebra extends the familiar concepts found in elementary algebra and arithmetic of numbers to more general concepts. Algebra deals with the more general concept of sets is a collection of all objects (called elements) selected by property specific for the set. All collections of the familiar types of numbers are sets. Set theory is a branch of logic and not technically a branch of algebra. Binary operation is meaningless without the set on which the operation is defined. For two elements a and b in a set S, a ∗ b is another element in the set; this condition is called closure. Addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplication (×), and division (÷) can be binary operations when defined on different sets, as are addition and multiplication of matrices, vectors, and polynomials. Zero is the identity element for addition and one is the identity element for multiplication. For a general binary operator ∗ the identity element e must satisfy a ∗ e = a and e ∗ a = a, and is necessarily unique, if it exists. This holds for addition as a + 0 = a and 0 + a = a and multiplication a × 1 = a and 1 × a = a. Not all sets and operator combinations have an identity element. The inverse of a is written −a, and for multiplication the inverse is written a −1 . A general two-sided inverse element a −1 satisfies the property that a ∗ a −1 = e and a −1 ∗ a = e, where e is the identity element. Associativity is, the grouping of the numbers to be added does not affect the sum is (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4). Commutative is, the order of the numbers does not affect the result is 2 + 3 = 3 + 2. Combining the concepts gives group and ring one of the most important structures in mathematics. A group is a combination of a set S and a single binary operation is an identity element e exists, such that for every member a of S, e ∗ a and a ∗ e are both identical to a. A group is also commutative—that is, for any two members a and b of S, a ∗ b is identical to b ∗ a—then the group is said to be abelian. A ring has two binary operations (+) and (×), with × distributive over +. Under the first operator (+) it forms an abelian group. Under the second operator (×) it is associative, but it does not need to have identity, or inverse, so division is not required. The additive (+) identity element is written as 0 and the additive inverse of a is written as −a. Keyword: Groups, Rings and Fields are axiomatically and algebra


Background and Objectives: Pain assessment is very important in these patients, but no comprehensive systematic reviews / meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) have been performed so far. For this reason, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of pain in patients with Covid-19 in the world by SR/MA method. Methodology: The researchers collected English language articles in which COVID-19 was confirmed and all SRs/MAs and case reports articles were excluded. Search was carried on at SCOPUS®, PubMed® / MEDLINE®, Web of Science®, Science Direct® and Google Scholar's search engine. To extract the data the checklist contained general information about articles, e.g. authors' names, year of publication, number of patients, country, journal's name, and specific information, e.g. prevalence and percentage of 'sore throat', 'abdominal pain' 'chest pain', 'headache' and 'myalgia'. Results: According to the findings, 326 articles were extracted in the initial search, 218 articles of these were classified as duplicate articles because of the frequency in their authors, magazines and sample size, and were excluded. Also, by reviewing the title, abstract and complete files of articles, 73 articles were excluded as being non-relevant. Out of 35 remaining articles 2 were SRs/MAs in the field of COVID-19 by Iranian authors, and were also excluded. In the remaining 33 articles included in this SR/MA study, the sample size was 3781 patients. Regarding the prevalence of pain in patients, prevalence rate of abdominal pain was 0.02% (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04), headache 10% 95% CI: 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) and myalgia was 18% 95% CI: 0.18 (0.14, 0.23), chest pain was 4% (95% CI: 0.04 (0.01, 0.06), Sore throat was 12% (95% CI: 0.12 (0.08, 0.15). Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as important criteria to be considered for screening as well as identifying suspected cases of COVID-19. These can also be helpful in formulating the guidelines for the periodic physical evaluation and for clinical management of COVID-19 patients.


In order to determine the weights of case characteristics,the paperpresents the methods of combining Delphi with AHP,quadratic programming and credit statistics.The methods contribute to decrease subjective and increase objective in determining the weights of case characteristics.


Botswana's Okavango Delta is considered by many to be one of the last "Edens" left on Earth. There a rich assortment of organisms exist in natural equilibrium. The same insults in microcosm - encroaching agriculture, water diversion, disease, and pollution - threaten the Okavango that in macrocosm threaten the entire planet. Starting with a sensual journey by plane and boat, Eldredge leads a reader first to the very heart of the Okavango, and then on a tour of Earth's organisms - animals, plants, fungi, and the microbes which underpin all of life - and ecosystems in which these organisms earn their living - from the tundra to the tropics. It is a journey that reveals the twin faces of biodiversity (the 13 million extant species and the ecosystems through which these species transform and exchange the Sun's energy) and the value of biodiversity to the Biosphere as a whole and to our own continued human existence. Eldredge's tour ends at the Panama Canal, the site of one of humankind's greatest achievements, where, if only by necessity, practical solutions to maintaining biodiversity's delicate balance have been successfully implemented. If his message is not entirely pessimistic, it is not entirely hopeful either. There are a number of difficult actions we must take as a global society if we are to stem an impending 'Sixth Extinction', and Eldredge outlines these steps in detail.


The effect parasitic loading has on microstrip patch RCS (radar cross section) is determined, and methods for RCS reduction are investigated. The RCS of a microstrip dipole parasitically coupled to another dipole is investigated initially. The broadside RCS of a 5.0 cm /spl times/ .0002 cm dipole with and without impedance loading is shown along with the effect on RCS that coupling to another such dipole (center-to-center spacing is 0.1 cm) produces. It is seen that impedance loading reduces the RCS of the isolated dipole by approximately 20 dB. Tight coupling to an unloaded element, which would be encountered when using parasitic coupling to increase impedance bandwidth, increases the RCS of the two-element system. Impedance loading either element of the two-element system reduces the RCS below that of an unloaded isolated element. Loading both elements further reduces the RCS, which still remains above the level of the loaded, isolated dipole.<<ETX>>


A fellow telephile gave me a Simpsons card on my last birthday. Homer sprawls atop a television in total abandon, head back, tongue lolling out. A caption reads "Television-Teacher, Mother, Secret Lover!" Like Homer, I love television and am regularly tempted to embrace my set and declare my passion. My true love and I first met in 1957 when I was five and it (or its American incarnation at least) was about ten. I had gone from a bleak, postwar Britain that was still awaiting the affluent sixties to the technological wonderland of the United States-cars, indoor plumbing, refrigerators, and best of all, the squat, ugly box that showed more exciting stories than the radio had ever told. One of my earliest American memories is of riding the back of the sofa pretending to be the Lone Ranger (with the hindsight of political correctness I know now that I should have been playing Tonto). Many of my childhood memories center on television: watching Perry Mason, One Step Beyond, and Western after Western with my parents; my patriotic English mother dragging me out of bed to watch the Trooping of the Colour on the news; the Twilight Zone scaring me witless. These television memories come with far warmer, fuzzier feelings than the rare recollections of childhood cinema-going. Then there was that terrible television-less period when the elderly set broke down for the last time and my parents were unable to afford another. I have a vivid recollection of standing in the playground watching my friends sliding along an ice patch and shouting "Yab-adab-adoo." I had no idea what they were going on about and felt like a social pariah (for any of you who are similarly befuddled, that was Fred Flintstone's war-cry). So much for those critics who argue that television damages kids-it's the lack of television that does the damage! But television eventually returned, and along with it came The Man from U.N.C.L.E, The Avengers, and Star Trek to fire the teenage imagination. We (the girls at least) acrimoniously debated the relative sex appeal of Napoleon and Ilya; we (girls again) wanted to master nuclear physics and throw bad guys over our shoulders; we (girls and boys this time) longed to board a star ship and explore the universe. And yes, in case you're wondering, I share the obligatory collective recollections of the Kennedy assassination and various space flights, although my memories mostly reflect my deep-seated and long-term preference for stories. But far from being a deluded fantasist who believed in a real United Network Command for Law Enforcement or Starfleet, I was a budding television scholar. My Star Trek fandom demanded an early fascination with the television industry: How bad were the ratings? Would NBC really shift it to 10 PM on Fridays? Would the network renew it for next year? I relished the behind-the-scenes views of my favorite programs' production that TV Guide and assorted teen magazines detailed (although in retrospect these reports were probably as fantastic as most of the shows). Television's a bit like pizza. It can be a shared experience, watched and talked about with friends and relatives. But there's also personal television, meant just for you. My early adolescence, as seems typical of that life-stage, saw the birth of many continuing passions-Sherlock Holmes, Shakespeare, Star Trek, and the cinema, among them. Star Trek I shared with others and Sherlock Holmes I read alone, but Shakespeare and late-night movies became personal television. Right around this time American television (probably PBS) began airing BBC Shakespeare (the black and white versions of the sixties, not the seventies/eighties complete play cycle). The broadcasts were big events for me. First came library preparation-reading a child's version of the play, and then tackling the play itself-and then came watching, suffused with the glow of righteous self-improvement. But there were more guilty pleasures. Crushes on several English actors (my mother's influence again) led me into cinephilia. …


Abstract Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of elastically induced turbulent flows has posed great challenges to researchers engaged in developing first-principle models and simulations that can predict faithfully the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of polymeric flows. To this end, DNS of elastically induced turbulent flow states in the Taylor–Couette (TC) flow are reported here with the aim of paving the way for a mechanistic understanding of this new class of flows. Specifically, the DNS not only faithfully reproduce the key feature of elastically induced turbulent flows, namely, substantial excitation of fluid motion at the smallest temporal and spatial scales, but also for the first time demonstrate the existence of three distinct flow regions in the gap for the inertio-elastic turbulence state: (i) a fluid-inertia (or outflow-) dominated inner-wall region; (ii) a fluid-elasticity (or inflow-) dominated outer-wall region; and (iii) an inflow/outflow core region. Based on this observation, a simple mechanism for the inertio-elastic turbulence in the TC flow has been postulated.


The Tanzania News Agency, SHIHATA, began 'licensing' all local and foreign journalists from 1 July 1985, with the full authority of a 1967 law that empowers the Agency to issue press cards to newsmen. The card costs 40,000 Tanzania shillings (about $250).


Skeletal muscle compromises the largest tissue system in mammals including humans and consists of hundreds of individual muscles, which are responsible for postural control, locomotion, facial expression and speech in humans. Their large functional and metabolic heterogeneity renders them well adapted to meet these widely diverging motor tasks (Canepari et al. 2010, Schiaffino & Reggiani 2011). Muscles also play an important role in overall metabolism, and exercise is beneficial in the prevention of chronic diseases by virtue of myokines released from contracting muscles (Fiuza-Luces et al. 2013). Muscles exhibit a tremendous plasticity in response to a wide variety of environmental conditions (Pette & Staron 1990, Schiaffino & Reggiani 2011, Baldwin et al. 2013). In particular mechanical demand – increased or decreased – has a major impact on muscle structure, protein composition and biomechanical output. Its adaptation to increased mechanical demands has long been the topic of sports physiology. Space flight, on the other hand, spurred investigations into muscle0s adaptation to disuse (Fitts et al. 2001, di Prampero & Narici 2003). Terrestrial models of microgravity are hindlimb suspension in rodents (Thomason & Booth 1990) and bed rest in humans (di Prampero & Narici 2003). The latter is of obvious relevance to the bed ridden patient. Disuse affects all functional compartments of muscle fibres including excitation–contraction coupling, signalling to the nucleus, energy supply systems and the contractile machinery (Baldwin et al. 2013) and leads very rapidly to loss of muscle mass, that is atrophy, and deterioration of biomechanical function. Such changes also accompany old age (Canepari et al. 2010) and critical illness (Puthucheary et al. 2010). Therefore, understanding muscle physiology and its adaptation to various conditions is not only of interest to sport and space physiology, but also highly relevant for clinical medicine. The group of Bottinelli (Maffei et al. 2014) investigated the mechanical adaptations of a slow and a fast muscle in response to hindlimb suspension of mice with highly sophisticated technologies. In particular they show that biomechanical adaption of the fast gastrocnemius can occur independent of a shift in isoforms of myosin, that is transcriptional mechanisms (Baldwin et al. 2013) and involves phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains of myosin, that is covalent modification. Muscle fibres differ in their molecular composition, biomechanical performance and metabolic profile but those of a given motor unit are of the same fibre type. A motor unit compromises a motor neurone and all muscle fibres innervated by that motor neurone. The seminal investigations by Eccles and co-workers (Buller et al. 1960) demonstrated the prime importance of the pattern of neuronal activity of the motor unit for the fibre phenotype. Based on the contractile and metabolic profile, muscle fibres have been classified into oxidative, slow-twitch type 1 fibres, and in fast twitch type 2 fibres which are subclassified into oxidative-glycolytic, fast type 2A, and in glycolytic, fast 2B fibres (Pette & Staron 1990, Schiaffino 2010, Schiaffino & Reggiani 2011). Nearly, all muscles have a mixed fibre composition but the ratio of slow-to-fast fibres varies widely depending on the motor task. For example, in antigravity muscles like the soleus, fatigue resistant type 1 fibres predominate while the fast gastrocnemius contains mainly type 1B fibres. The precise fraction of slow-to-fast fibres in a given muscle is, however, species dependent, and in mice, also strain dependent (Stelzer & Widrick 2003). Force of contraction and shortening is due to the cyclic interaction of the molecular motor, myosin II, with actin in the so-called cross-bridge cycle, which is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. Myosin II is a hexamer consisting of two heavy chains (MyHC), which contain the actin binding surface and the catalytic cleft for ATP hydrolysis, and two pairs of light chains (MyLC), the essential and regulatory light chains. Skeletal muscle expresses four isoforms of MyHC which differ in their ATPase activity and thus convey the specific functional and biochemical features of the fibre types (Reggiani & Bottinelli 2008). Slow, type I fibres express MyHC-1, fast fibres MyHC-2A (type2A fibre), MyHC-2X (type 2X fibre), and MyHC-2B (type 2B fibres), the latter was not found in humans. Fibres can also express more than one MyHC isoform, such fibres are called hybrid fibres giving rise to a huge functional diversity. From the pioneering work of B ar any (1967), we know that myosin ATPase activity positively correlates with the maximal speed of shortening, that is the mechanical output. The maximum shortening velocity of type 1 fibres is about 7 to 10-fold slower than that of MyHC-2B fibres, the fastest fibres (Reggiani & Bottinelli 2008). Thus, it is not


ABSTRACT 3,4-Diethoxycarbonyl-5,6-diphenylpyridazine 1 reacted with hydrazine hydrate to form tetrahydropyridazino [4,5-c]pyridazine 2, which reacted with ethyl bromoacetate to give 6,7-diethoxycarbonylmethyl-3,4-diphenyl-5,8-dioxopyridazino [4,5-c]pyridazine 3. However, acetylation of 2 with acetyl chloride gave three different pyridazino[4,5-c]pyridazines 4–6. The reaction of the starting diester 1 with different amounts of phenylmagnesium bromide gave different products 7–10. The structure of product 8 was elucidated by alkaline hydrolysis and hydrazinolysis to afford 11 and 13, respectively. Treatment of 13 with benzaldehyde in piperidine yielded the starting Grignard product 8 and benzalazine 17.


Introduction:
 Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite generated by the gut microbiota from dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine, is linked to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Although bariatric surgery improves CV outcomes, several studies in both animals and humans have shown increased TMAO levels after bariatric surgery. We tested the impact of the two most common bariatric procedures on plasma TMAO.

 Methods:
 This study included 93 severely obese non-diabetic individuals who did not take diabetes or lipid-lowering medications and underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Plasma TMAO was measured before and ≥ six months after bariatric surgery.

 Results:
 Mean age of the subjects was 31.4 ± 7.2 years and 90% were female. At baseline, average weight and BMI were 117.1 ± 24.4 kg and 43.4 ± 8.0 kg/m
 2
 respectively. Average baseline plasma TMAO level was 2.2 ± 1.4 μM. 29 patients underwent RYGB and 64 patients underwent SG. There were no significant differences in baseline weight, BMI, or TMAO between procedures. RYGB patients lost significantly more weight than SG patients (37.5 ± 8.6 kg for RYGB vs 32.8 ± 9.0 kg for SG, p = 0.03). TMAO levels did not change following SG, whereas they increased after RYGB (
 Figure
 ). Changes in TMAO were not associated with changes in other clinical measures, for example, body weight and BMI (
 Figure
 ) for either RYGB or SG patients.

 Conclusions:
 We found contrasting responses in circulating TMAO following bariatric surgical procedures employing dissimilar anatomical alterations. Given TMAO-associated CVD risk, these differences may lead to contrasting CV outcomes in the future. Additional research to understand changes in TMAO and the microbiota after bariatric surgery, and their clinical relevance, are warranted.


Abstract : The research program was to investigate selective-area epitaxy of Gallium Arsenide-on-Silicon by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) as a means of reducing the thermal expansion mismatch effects, hence, improving the deposited film quality, wafer bow, and eliminating film cracking. This has been achieved by MOCVD of GaAs through openings patterned in the silicon dioxide coated wafers. The object of this research program was to develop the technology that will yield device quality GaAs-on-Si and a process applicable for monolithic integration of the high speed and/or optical communication capabilities of GaAs with the sophistication of the Si VLSI technology. The feasibility of this approach has been clearly demonstrated in the Phase I research effort, in which successful selective deposition of GaAs films on patterned Si wafers was achieved and the deposited films were characterized by a number of techniques. Preliminary results clearly indicate the effectiveness of this approach to eliminate wafer bow, minimize film cracking, and improve the quality of the heteroepitaxial films. A new deposition technique for GaAs-on-Si by Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) has been introduced which has the potential of producing superior quality GaAs-on-Si films. Keyword: Semiconductors.


Direct responses to selection are reviewed from 12 sheep and 3 cattle experiments in New Zealand and Australia, where the primary trait was resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to "disease". Apart from three single generation experiments, the life of the remaining experiments averaged 14.9 years to 1997 inclusive. Single-record heritability, from the base population or from a restricted maximum likelihood analysis of all years and all flocks/herds in each experiment, averaged 0.28. This was no lower than for production traits such as milk yield, body weight or fleece weight. Direct responses (on a transformed scale) between R and control lines, or between S and control lines, averaged 0.085 phenotypic standard deviations per year, higher than corresponding responses (0.065 units) in cattle selection studies of weight or gain or efficiency, reviewed by Mrode (1988). Absolute rates of direct response may depend on the mean incidence of disease in the control, and on overall fitness. The ultimate rate of response in an R line may diminish as the line reaches fixation or as phenotypic variation is reduced, or both. Major genes have been implicated for resistance or susceptibility to three different disease traits. In most cases the disease selection lines are also providing a resource for studies of the underlying causes of resistance/susceptibility.


As a continuation of our previous studies on the synthesis and antiplatelet activity of coumarin derivatives of α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactones, certain quinoline, flavone, and xanthone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activity against thrombin (Thr)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen (Col)-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from quinolin-8-ol, flavon-7-ol, and xanthon-3-ol, respectively, via alkylation and Reformatsky-type condensation (Schemes 1–3). By the comparison with comparison with coumarin α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactone 3a, flavone and xanthone derivatives, 3b and 3c, respectively, are more selective in which only AA- and collagen-induced aggregation are strongly inhibited. Most of the quinoline derivatives (9a–e) exhibited broad-spectrum antiplatelet activities.


Results for new two-frequency wire antennas for the base stations of mobile radio communication systems are presented. The results of the study obtained by the integral equation and equivalent transmission line methods are given.


The present study examines how students collaboratively reason about scientific phenomena by coordinating multiple representations presented in a single display in the Connected Chemistry modeling environment. A case study of two secondary students working together to solve a chemical equilibrium problem illustrates how students privilege one representation, yet problem solve by collaboratively integrating information from multiple representations. Working with the environment, individual students make a rapid initial judgment about which displayed representation is most useful for a particular task and ignore information presented in other representations unless their peers prompt them to use that information. Analyzed individually, each student would appear to lack representational competence, yet together the dyad demonstrates sophisticated coordination of representations. Using these observations, the study posits that an individual student's difficulties with coordinating representations can be mitigated by embedding multi-representational displays in collaborative activities that foster argumentation about representations.


In this paper, a fast and accurate image segmentation algorithm is studied in this paper, which is based on the automatic optic inspection (AOI) equipment device of the experimental prototype surface array camera printed circuit board (PCB), which is built in the laboratory. In the search for "ridge lines" in the "topography" watershed, three thinning algorithms, skeleton algorithm, watershed algorithm and so on are used for image morphological processing. The experimental comparison shows that the improved watershed algorithm, which combines the related morphological processing, has a remarkable effect on image segmentation, and it can lay a good foundation for the detection and detection of the following PCB board defect recognition.


A continuously energized electrostatic spray coating system sends measured masses of highly conductive coating material across an insulating air space from a grounded pulser to a high voltage container. A series of such continuously energized voltage blocks have their output connected to a manifold which is alternately supplied paint from one of the voltage blocks by remote control.


For decades, the environment is struggling with the growing pollution, resources' scarcity, climate change and other negative impacts; as the time is ticking and there is no reasonable solution yet, the European Union takes over the leading role in elaborating and implementing the European Green Deal, a set of objectives and strategies targeting a series of environmental issues. By meeting the European Green Deal's objective, the European citizens will benefit of higher quality air, water, soils, a richer biodiversity, energetic efficient buildings, fresher and more affordable food, developed infrastructure, green energy and technological innovation, more green jobs and more resilient and competitive economy. In order to make all these possible, the European Commission is funding the investment project in line with the European Green Deal's objective, and considering the late crisis caused by the Covid -19 pandemic, we have the highlight that positive effects of these investments as also part of a recovery plan. Considering the young population decisive in the changing process, our research aimed to assess their values and perspective regarding the environmental issues and the approach of overcoming them. Our premise implied an optimistic view of the Romanian young generation and the environment protection, and as the survey's results proved, our first assumption was right.


A Flow Solver for the solutioi of three dimensional filer Equations to compute supersonic/hypersonic blunt body flows has been developed based on an upwind TV-D (N1USCL) formulation of the Roe Riemann Solver within the finite volume frame work . A Tall boundary condition treatment compatible with the explicit Riemann Solver and a special treatment of the singularity line enhances the robustness of the Flow Solver . A comparative study of various limiters and entropy fixes was carried out to identify the lost approriate combination of the limiter and the entropy fix far the Mach number range of interest . Excellent results of computation at supersonic/hypersonic mach numbers for blunt body flows have been obtained with this combination . Local time stepping and parallelization techniques have been employed to accelerate convergence in terms of effective wall clock times


Background: It is well known that allergen immunotherapy modifies the peripheral immunoglobulin profile down-regulating the Th2 cytokines. Notably CCR5 and CXCR3 are found on Th1 cells, CCR3 and CXCR4 on Th2 cells. Aim of the present study was to identify an immunological marker that correlates with the clinical effects among CXCR3, CCR3, CXCR4, CCR5 expression on PBMC. Materials and Methods: 18 patients were enrolled according to the following criteria: moderate/severe rhinoconjunctivitis, moderate asthma since at least 2 years, sensitization to Parietaria only, age between 18 and 55 years, no previous immunotherapy. After a one-week run-in period where an optimal asthma therapy was prescribed, patients were received either SLIT to parietaria (SLIT-ONE Alk-abello) or drug treatment for rhinitis. Control visits were carried out at 1, 2, 6, 10 and 16 weeks (follow-up visit). Quality of life was evaluated with a validated questionnaire (Rhinasthma). The immunological parameters assessed were: PBMC proliferation with specific allergen Par-j1, detection of CD4, CD8, CD3 and chemokines receptors CCR3, CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR5 before and after stimulation with Par-j1 Results: The symptom scores decreased in the control group since the first week of study whereas in the SLIT group a significant improvement versus baseline was seen after 6 weeks of treatment. Starting from 6 weeks there was no more difference in total symptom scores between the two groups. Quality of life significantly improved in the SLIT group if compared with controls from week 6. After 6 weeks SLIT group significantly decreased in drug doses for asthma treatment whereas no statistical difference in therapy dosage was seen in the control group until week 6 the SLIT group had a significant higher use of rescue medication if compared with control group after week 6 the uptake of rescue medications had an inverse trend with statistically significant higher intake in the control group. In the same period there was a decrease in CCR3 and an increase of CXCR3 in treated group these variations became significant at the end of the study from the baseline. No difference in CD4, CD8, CD3, CXCR4, CCR5 expression. Conclusions: This study demonstrates efficacy SLIT when compared to conventional therapy for persistent asthma and rhinitis, correlations between clinical scores and both CXCR3 and CCR3 seen after 6 weeks of immunotherapy in treated patients demonstrate an immunological shift towards Th1 lymphocyte pattern.


The study of data modelling with elementary students involves the analysis of a
developmental process beginning with children's investigations of meaningful
contexts: visualising, structuring, and representing data and displaying data in simple
graphs (English, 2012; Lehrer & Schauble, 2005; Makar, Bakker, & Ben-Zvi, 2011). A
3-year longitudinal study investigated young children's data modelling, integrating
mathematical and scientific investigations. One aspect of this study involved a
researcher-led teaching experiment with 21 mathematically able Grade 1 students. The
study aimed to describe explicit developmental features of students' representations of
continuous data...


The Labastida-Marin˜o-Ooguri-Vafa (LMOV) invariants are the open string BPS invariants which are expected to be integers based on the string duality conjecture from M-theory. Several explicit formulae of LMOV invariants for framed unknot have been obtained in the literature. In this paper, we present a unified method to deal with the integrality of such explicit formulae. Furthermore, we also prove the integrality of certain LMOV invariants for framed unknot in higher genera.


The binding energies of hydrogenic impurities in both infinite and finite GaAs-(Ga, Al)As cylindrical quantum-well wires are calculated as functions of the wire radius and of the impurity location in the well for different radii of the wires using a variational procedure within the effective-mass ap-proximation. Assuming there is no intentional doping, we treat the impurity position as a random variable and define a density of impurity states that we have calculated as a function of the impurity binding energy. As a general feature, the density of impurity states presents two structures associated with impurities at the center and at the edge of the quantum-well wire that may be important in the understanding of absorption and photoluminescence experiments of doped GaAs-(Ga, A1)As quantum-well wires.


The Oval Basin, Cardif, is a £4 million scheme to excavate a previously infilled basin to create a new outdoor entertainment area and a public amenity space.


Pair programming is a form of collaborative learning; the pair works together to achieve a common goal. Recent research has clearly documented the benefits of pair programming on student performanc...


A in each of the servo bands on the linear magnetic tape at least two servo patterns configured to simultaneously write, provides a servo write head. A center line of the servo pattern is substantially uniformly arranged in the horizontal direction. In addition, the servo pattern for each servo bands all adjacent are displaced relative to each other in only the vertical direction by an amount in respect to the type of the length and the servo pattern of the servo frame. .FIELD 7


A comprehensive model of work-based learning is illustrated combining explicit and tacit forms of knowing and theory and practice modes of learning at both individual and collective levels. The model is designed to bring together epistemic contributions which are typically studied in isolation. The learning types produced from the model represent processes the intersection of which can contribute to the development of a comprehensive theory for integrating learning and work.

At the individual level, work-based learning might start with conceptualization which provides practitioners with a means to challenge the assumptions underlying their practice. In experimentation, they engage their conceptual knowledge in such a way that it becomes contextualized or grounded. However, within the world of practice, in applying theoretical criteria or advanced analytical techniques, one confronts technical, cultural, moral, and personal idiosyncrasies which defy categorization. Hence, experience is required to reinforce the tacit knowledge acquired in experimentation. In fact, learning acquired through experience, often referred to as implicit learning, is the foundation for tacit knowledge and can be used to solve problems as well as make reasonable decisions about novel situations. Nevertheless, reflection is required to bring the inherent tacit knowledge of experience to the surface. It thus contributes to the reconstruction of meaning.

At the collective level, conceptualization again makes a contribution in informing spontaneous inquiry but is now embedded within the more formal methods of applied science. Scientists seek to describe and explain social reality through the manipulation of theoretical propositions using the rules of hypothetico-deductive logic. The theories of applied science are often not helpful to practitioners, however, unless they are incorporated into practice. This is the purview of action learning wherein real-time experience, especially problems occurring within one's own work setting, constitutes the primary subject matter. As practitioners come together by being involved with one another in action, they may become a community of practice wherein they learn to construct shared understanding amidst confusing and conflicting data. Hence, community of practice returns knowledge back into its context such that groups learn to observe and experiment with their own collective tacit processes in action. Action science is called upon to bring the individuals' and group's mental models, often untested and unexamined, into consciousness. It is a form of "reflection-in-action" which attempts to discover how what one did contributed to an unexpected or expected outcome, taking into account the interplay between theory and practice.

Applications of the model can spur conceptual and practical developments that might lead to a comprehensive theory of work-based learning. The discussion takes up such issues as transition links between learning types, their segmentation by function or process, and implications for epistemology. A sample program, incorporating many of the learning types in the model, is demonstrated. The paper argues that all eight types of learning need to be brought into consideration if learners are to achieve proficiency and become critical while learning at work.


Educational and research facilities are important for a university. Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi (UNPAB) wants to provide the best educational and research facilities for its academic community. Living lab and Industrial Park is one of the facilities that UNPAB wants to provide and will greatly support educational and research activities within the university. Based on this, a good Living Lab and Industrial Park area masterplan is needed to create an efficient area. The concept offered in the planning of the Living Lab and Industrial Park Area is Tropical Sustainable while still considering local cultural values. The facility plans provided are livestock areas, agricultural and plantation areas, product processing areas, sports facilities areas, management offices, and ecotourism areas. The living lab and industrial park area is expected to become a superior educational and research facility and can be a producer of products and innovations of UNPAB academics and researchers.


OF THE DISCLOSURE A three stage communication switching system for pro viding a nonblocking arrangement with a reduced num ber of crosspoints which serves a total of N lines divided into groups of 'n' lines each. Each group of 'n' lines is connected as inputs to a matrix which is individual to such group in the first switching stage. Each matrix in the first stage has a plurality of highways each of which leads to a different one of a plurality of matrices in the intermediate stage providing at least 2n-1 time division communication channels between each first stage matrix and the intermediate stage, and gates for connecting each input line selectively to each of the highways. The inter mediate stage comprises the highways from the first stage, each of which is incoming from a different matrix in the first stage, a plurality of output highways, and gates for interconnecting each input highway to each output high way. The third stage includes a group of matrices each of which has an input highway from each matrix of the intermediate stage providing at least 2n-1 time division communication channels between the intermediate stage and each third stage matrix. Each matrix in the third stage has its outputs connected to the 'n' lines of an associated one of the groups, different ones of the matrices in the third stage being connected to different ones of the groups, and gates for connecting each high way to each output line. In extending a connection over the system, control means simultaneously pulse a selected gate in the first, second and third stages during an avail


Objective:To study and discuss endovascular treatment technique of intracranial wild-necked aneurysm by solitaire AB stent assisted coil embolization,especially focusing on its safety and reliability.Methods:To assess clinical application of solitaire AB stent assisted coil embolization by studying clinic data of 12 patients with wild-necked aneurysms respectively.Discussing the technical features and comparing the follow up CT angiography(CTA) results.Results:12 cases were treated by coil embolization assisted with solitaire AB stent obtaining satisfactory results without any complications.One case died on the twelfth day after embolization with unexpected bleeding.The remaining 11 cases followed up with CTA from 2 months to 18 months post operatively.No recurrence happened and total occlusion of 10 aneurysms were achieved even through on further followed-up data.Conclusion:The endovascular treatment of intracranial wild-necked aneurysm with solitaire AB stent assisted coil embolization is safe and effective.


Abstract—Software Quality frameworks like CMMI and Standards like ISO 9000 are understood mostly as applicable for large development projects in large organizations. One reason for this misconception is the amount of documentation that is demanded by these frameworks/standards. Education (especially Engineering Colleges) is one area where practices of software quality processes have not yet gained any foothold and offers a highly hostile environment for implementation of any quality framework, even though all the processes/procedures laid down in CMMI or ISO are equally applicable for them. An attempt is made to bring paradigm shift of developing simple software tools and deploy them in Engineering Colleges to meet certain mandatory requirements. Attempt is made to use the CMMI specific practices and some ISO 9001 specified practices and bring-in the necessary process change management into the education system.


The tourism industry plays an important role in the economic growth of countries all around the world including Malaysia. Thus, identifying tourist most preferred travel destination based on a set of travel criteria assist in the strategy of marketing and promoting a travel destination. The objective of this paper is to propose a survey design to determine the most important travel criteria for selecting travel destinations in the state of Perak, Malaysia. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed and the decision problem was structured into a threelevel hierarchy consists of the goal, travel criteria and travel alternatives. The study had identified three travel destinations namely Ipoh, Kuala Kangsar and Pulau Pangkor and four travel criteria; beauty, cost, transportation and accommodation. Respondents consist of tourists of Perak were required to answer a set of questionnaires to provide pairwise comparison scores of travel criteria and travel destinations based on 1 – 9 scale. This paper shares strategy in travel's choice problem formulation and questionnaire design.


Abstract : In industrial production of high-wage countries, advanced automation technologies can partially compensate the lack of skilled workers, but human effectiveness and flexibility is still essential in many scenarios. Implementing the idea of mutual completion, direct human-robot cooperation appears suitable where strong forces are needed but human flexibility is indispensable. For this, the explicit spatial separation between robot and worker has to be given up. Prior to installation of sophisticated monitoring systems on the shop floor, advanced simulation methodologies have to be embedded directly into the production cell to design such cooperation scenarios safe and effective likewise. An immersive simulation system is presented which allows an optical see-through augmented reality (AR) configuration where the user is able to perceive the real tool in his hand. Alternatively, the system also supports a pure virtual reality (VR) mode where all objects' visualization is artificial. Both variants accord in direct confrontation with a virtual robot and real-time physics simulation capabilities. A usability study with 40 subjects has been conducted, featuring robotically supported cast part blasting as experimental task. Results of user performance focussing on executing times and shooting accuracy indicate a tie between AR and VR and a surpassing overall usability in both configurations, but the users' personal preference trends towards AR.


It is an ethnographic study that aims to understand how the professionals of health – nurse, doctor, physiotherapist and social worker experience the approach to the poisoned child's family and which the implications for their practice in the health care are. Using the ethno nursing method, 19 professionals of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, in Fortaleza, state of Ceara, Brazil, took part in the study. The results showed that the multiprofessional team has a contradictory approach, some categories were emerged such as: guilt, lack of information, prejudice, humanization, education, understanding, interdisciplinarity and institutional involvement that originated the cultural theme - to judge and to understand - contradictions of the approach of the multiprofessional team to the poisoned child's family. In conclusion, the construction and repercussion of that approach in practice, involve the academic background and personal nature; however, in the participants' lectures, the will of reflecting the contradiction of their respective approaches, and of facing the construction of a careful approach was present, established in cultural coherence.


The clearance flow between the nozzle and endwall in a variable geometry turbine (VGT) has been numerically investigated to understand the clearance effect on the VGT performance and internal flow. It was found that the flow rate through turbine increases but the turbine efficiency decreases with height of clearance. Detailed flow field analyses indicated that most of the efficiency loss resulting from the leakage flow occurs at the upstream of the rotor area, that is, in the nozzle endwall clearance and between the nozzle vanes. There are two main mechanisms associated with this efficiency loss. One is due to the formation of the local vortex flow structure between the clearance flow and the main flow. The other is due to the impact of the clearance flow on the main flow after the nozzle throat. This impact reduces the span of shockwave with increased shockwave magnitude by changing the trajectory of the main flow.


Cover: Synovial fi broblasts isolated from tissue of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for Th y-1.


Modeling human argumentation should shed light on how knowledge described in information systems could be better accessed, structured, and used for real life research purposes. Current argumentation models are either not analytical enough or restricted to formal logic. For that purpose, we seek a model of human argumentation in which reasoning may not only consist of falsification or verification but more generally of strengthening or weakening hypotheses, and a way to connect this model to an ontology of the domain of discourse. We have studied examples of factual argumentation in empirical research in archaeology. Based on this and other empirical material, we propose an innovative integrated model of factual argumentation that includes evolution, composition, and revision of arguments. It makes explicit both the processes of argument-making and the states of belief at a particular point in time in a composite inference, and connects explicitly to a domain ontology, free of tacit background knowledge. We have implemented the model in a more restricted form and tested it with published archaeological examples. Future work may generalize the model to other kinds of argumentation.


The 129I Mossbauer spectra of I(pyridine)2ClO4 and ‐NO3, I(thiourea)2I, I(acetate)3, a possible phosphate derivative II‐phosphate, and I2O4 are reported. Comparisons of the results of these experiments with those of previous workers raise questions concerning the use of simple models in interpreting 129I Mossbauer data.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on the proposals and procedures of the National Forum for Values in Education and the Community in the UK. It critically examines two conflicting strategies. The first of these is that the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA), to which the Forum reported, should provide general guidance on how each school should work out and seek to implement its own policy on values education, with no further substantive prescription incorporated into the guidance. The second strategy is that they should prescribe both a preferred set of values to be imparted and a preferred method for imparting them. The article examines the QCA framework for action which steers between these two extremes.


The results of investigations on ultrafi ltration process of model myoglobin solutions with use of ceramic membranes have been presented in this work. Myoglobin is a water-soluble globular protein present in muscle tissues of animals, also found in fi sh muscles, and among other fi sh proteins occurring in wastewaters from fi sh processing. Application of ultrafi ltration process for waste brine purifi cation has several adventages [Afonso and Bórquez, 2002]. It enables elimination of undesirable components as well as recovering of valuable products. The presented studies have been undertaken in order to investigate possibilities of applying ultrafi ltration for treatment and fractionation of salted water produced in fi sh processing industry. The results could be a basis for elaboration of a treatment technology enabling recycling of both regenerated salted water and fractionated proteins, thus decreasing water use and wastewater discharge by closure of water loops. Development of membrane processes for waste brine purifi cation requires studies on model solutions of individual proteins including analysis of the membrane selectivity and performance. The aim of the study was assessment of the impact of myoglobin ultrafi ltration process parameters on rejection coeffi cient and permeate fl ux. For further clarifi cation of protein rejection mechanisms, the studies were supplemented with molecular modeling experiments in order to defi ne the size, shape and electrostatic properties of the analyzed protein.


Herein, we report the total synthesis of nagelamide W (1), a pyrrole imidazole alkaloid of the nagelamide family isolated in 2013. The key approach in this work involves the construction of the 2-aminoimidazoline core of nagelamide W from alkene 6 through a cyanamide bromide intermediate. The synthesis of nagelamide W was accomplished with an overall yield of 6.0%.


Abstract Ammonia synthesis catalyst has been examined by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In reduced magnetite grains four different pore morphologies with characteristic crystallographic orientations exist. These structures are several micrometers in size and may be described as porous single crystals of bcc-iron. The dominant structure (roughly 80% of the catalyst volume) contains a nearly random network of pores and the crystallographic orientation of the porous iron is the same as that of the original magnetite. Another structure (ca. 5% by volume) has sheets of iron along the three {100} planes of the former magnetite and a 〈100〉 axis of iron normal to the sheets. A third structure (ca. 3%) with weakly sheet-like pores along the twelve {112} planes of the original magnetite has a 〈221〉 direction of iron normal to the pores. The most complex structure (very rare in the industrial catalyst) displays strongly sheet-like pores along the four {111} planes of magnetite and has a 〈100〉 axis of iron normal to the sheets. The particular orientation relations between the original magnetite and the resulting iron suggests that epitaxy plays an important role during reduction. Alumina, which is added as a promoter, reduces the lattice parameter of magnetite. The local Al 3+ concentration in the magnetite may influence which structure occurs by changing the likelihood of the possible epitaxy relations. Differences in activity among the various structures may exist. However, activity measurements are not a part of this structural study of the porous iron ammonia synthesis catalyst.


The separation of toxic acrylic monomers (mainly acrylamide) from some polymeric hydrogels of medical application was studied. It was found that "clean hydrogel" can be obtained after 4-6 days of washing with nonpyrogenic water. The quantity of monomeric acrylamide remained in the samples was controlled by a liquid chromatography method.


A silicon hybrid (de)multiplexer with 64 channels to enable wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing simultaneously is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. The hybrid (de)multiplexer has a 4-channel mode demultiplexer and four 16-channel arrayed-waveguide gratings.


We demonstrate trapped exciton-polariton emission at room temperature from nonpolar GaN/AlGaN cavities sandwiched between air/AlGaN distributed Bragg reflectors. Nanoscale thickness fluctuations characteristic to the nonpolar AlGaN cavity layer create deep potential traps, giving rise to a strong (in-plane) localization of exciton-polaritons. The observed quantized exciton-polariton states exhibit a large quantized energy of up to 6 meV, which benefits from the wide bandgap of III-nitrides. The experimental results are well explained by numerical simulations. III-Nitride exciton-polaritons in such deep traps will be useful for practical exciton-polariton lasers with high degrees of coherence and high-repetition rate Josephson oscillators with multicomponent condensates.


While the literature describing the ischemic colon contains isolated reports of rectal involvement (6, 8), larger series have not always included this segment of bowel involvement (5, 7), and, even when demonstrated on contrast examination, the fact of rectal involvement has not been stressed (2). This has frequently led to mistaken diagnoses of ulcerative colitis. When the blood supply to the colon is compromised as a result of changes in the vasculature due to local reasons (thrombosis, embolism) or secondary to remote causes (shock, congestive heart failure, hemorrhage) (4), ischemic damage may follow. Radiological evidence of these changes include mucosal edema, ulceration, spasm, and submucosal hemorrhage (2, 7). Frank infarction and even gangrene of the colon have resulted from severe impairment of the blood supply (8). With healing, narrowing of the bowel due to stricture formation as well as sacculation may result (5, 8). We have studied 9 cases of rectal involvement due to ischemia. The findings ...


The EPO shall retain 50 per cent of the renewal fees referred to in Article 11 paid for European patents with unitary effect. The remaining amount shall be distributed to the participating Member States in accordance with the share of distribution of the renewal fees set pursuant to Article 9(2).


Abstract Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are rugged, simple in construction and economical compared with synchronous motor and induction motor. They are known to have high-peak torque-to-inertia ratio and the rotor mechanical structure is well suited for high-speed applications. Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state notable torque, flux and current pulsations occur. They are reflected in speed estimation, speed response and also in increased acoustic noise. This paper presents a novel DTC scheme where fast torque response with low ripples in the stator flux and torque of five-phase SRM drive can be achieved. In comparison with DTC of three-phase, the five-phase DT C system has more space vectors providing greater flexibility in selecting the inverter switching states, thus accomplishing a more precise control of the stator flux and torque. Simulation results clearly demonstrate that the combination of DT C with multi-phase SRM realizes higher performance with greater prospects in industries.


Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of circumareolar concentric skin excision for (grades 2b and 3) gynecomastia and its impact on the quality of life of these patients before and after surgery. Patients and methods Thirty male patients with bilateral gynecomastia (grades 2b and 3) were included in this study during the period from January 2012 to December 2014 at Benha University Hospital; all patients were operated upon by performing circumareolar doughnut skin excision for their Simon's (grades 2b and 3) gynecomastia. Results There was an acceptable improvement in the shape and contour of the breast with significant patient's satisfaction. No major offending operative or postoperative complications have been reported. Conclusion Although there are some possible complications associated with surgery, our case series demonstrates that with shrewd planning and careful patient selection, outcomes of operative correction can be favorable and yield high levels of satisfaction for both the patient and the surgeon.


Based on bibliometric analysis, this article summarizes the research status of Website Optimi zation at home and abroad. After reading extensive Journal articles and books, this paper reviews and ana lyzes the main direction of research on the user experience of the website optimization, including website designing on user experience optimization, user experience optimization based on web mining, and web-based user experience optimization evaluation. Finally, the website user experience research trends are predicted.


The European Union?s Court of First Instance has overturned several decisions of the European Commission relative to mergers and acquisitions on the ground of failures in the economic assessment of their competitive consequences. As a solution, the Commission, inspired by the US experience, found her decisions less on legal formal criterions than on a case by case economic assessment. Nevertheless, the academic debates relative to economic theories used by antitrust, as coordinated effects or efficiency gains could create an additional legal uncertainty, prejudicial to firms, which encounter more difficulties to foresee the antitrust authority?s decision. If this decision were more soundly based in theory, it would appear as more discretional. JEL codes: K10, K21, L13, L40.


Right ventricular (RV) pacing can impair left ventricular (LV) function. When timed with native RV activation, LV‐only pacing may cause greater improvements in LV function than biventricular pacing. This study compared the chronic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on LV mechanics between biventricular pacing and LV‐only pacing in patients with normal atrioventricular (AV) conduction.


Study is made of the parametric instability of electromagnetic surface waves guided by the planar boundary between the uniform composite medium and isotropic dielectric half-space. The parametric instability has been developed in the presence of intense external time-harmonic magnetic field which is perpendicular to an interface of the media. The expression of the instability increment is obtained for both the forward and backward TE polarized surface waves. For the some practically interesting cases numerical analyses have been performed.


The European Parliament has just published its latest study on 'Gender Equality in the Media Sector'. The study, requested by the Committee on ...


Physicochemical properties of fructan inulin produced from Acetobacter species and natural inulin were investigated. From cryscopic method, the molecular weights have been found 5010 gmol-1. for bacterial inulin and 4700 gmol-1. for natural inulin. The determination of branches for both kinds of inulin indicates that both polymers are beta-(2→1) linked polyfructan with 6.0% and 4.4% beta (2→6) branches for bacterial inulin and natural one, respectively. Moreover, the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for bacterial inulin was lower than that of natural one. This result indicates a great order of protons in bacterial inulin.


A study was undertaken to investigate the role of in ovo feeding of copper (Cu) or iron (Fe) supplementation on embryonic, posthatch growth and expression profile of growth and immunity related genes in broiler chickens. In ovo injections (n=300) were carried out on 14th day of incubation, into the yolk sac/amnion of the developing embryo. In ovo injection of Cu or Fe did not affect the hatchability. No difference (P<0.05) was observed in the day-old or 14th day post-hatch (PH) chick weight but Fe injected chicks had higher body weight on 42nd day. Additionally, Fe injection had higher expression of chicken growth hormone (cGH) at 18th embryonic day (ED) and 7th day PH, while Cu injection had higher expression of insulin like growth factor- II (IGF-II) at 20th ED. Expression of IGF-II gene was also higher at 7th day post-hatch in Fe injected chicks. Higher thymus weight was recorded in Cu and Fe injected chicks at hatch. In vivo response to SRBC (humoral) and PHAP (cellular) was significantly better (P<0.05) in Cu injected chicks. Up regulation of IL-6 gene expression was seen in Cu or Fe injected chicks, while TNFα gene expression was higher only in Fe injected chicks than in control. Cu injected chicks had significantly higher (P<0.05) expression of IL-12 gene, while no variation was observed in iNOS gene expression. It was concluded that in ovo feeding of Fe might help in improving the growth performance and that of Cu could enhance the immune response in broilers.


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The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) instrument has been in use in some variation for decades with the most recent iteration becoming available in 2009. With twelve years of changes in the workforce plus applications of the ProQOL in novel professional groups, it is critical to determine if the tool is still reliable and valid. Data obtained from specific occupational groups, specifically college resident assistants (RAs) and substance abuse professionals (SAPs), will be utilized to explore if the measure holds up to past research claiming high reliability and validity. It is possible that the RAs (n=358) and the SAPs (n=40) will be outliers from these claims due to their unique positionality in their roles or due to the amount of time that has passed since the last update of the ProQOL.


This study conducted based on concerns from users of financial statements,
there is too much information contained in the financial statements of IFRS. This
study is conducted in order to examine the impact of IFRS adoption on the
information load in the financial statements of public companies listed on the IDX, by
measuring the length of financial statements. Measurement of the length of financial
statements is conducted by dividing the financial statements into three sections, which
include (1) major statements, (2) accounting policies, and (3) notes to the financial
statements. This study also examine the difference between the change in length of
complete financial statements of early adopters and late adopters of IFRS.
Population of this study was non-financial companies listed on the IDX on
2010 and 2012. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method. Fifthy firms
was used for analysis by using parametric t test.
Results of this study show that the adoption of IFRS on public companies in
Indonesia have an impact on increasing the length of the financial statements,
specially in the accounting policies and notes to the financial statements section.
These sections have significant additional amount of disclosure requirement such as
financial instrument disclosures. Furthermore, finding indicates that change in length
of the financial statements of late adopters is larger than early adopters


An analysis is presented on the problems existing in the flow passage of N100-90/535 steam turbine operating for several years, then the detailed treatment methods are proposed, and an assessment and evaluation is conducted for the operation effects after the retrofit.


Characteristics of the Indonesian territory which dominated by rural areas and become the potentials which can be developed in the tourism sector, especially with natural or cultural nuances. The development of tourism projects is done so that the community gets the maximum benefit related to the potential in their area. One of the village is a tourist destination is Pujon Kidul village. Various tourist attractions, ranging from nature, culture, agriculture, livestock, and local wisdom become the leading tourist attractions in this village. the number of tourism objects is inseparable from the participation of the community of Pujon Kidul in the development of tourist villages. This research focuses is how the role of the community in the development of the tourist village of Pujon Kidul.
This reasearch uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. The sources of data used are primary data, namely interviews and secondary data obtained from the documentation carried out by researchers. Data analysis was performed by descriptive analysis method and utilizing Talcot Parsons structural functional theory.
The conclusion of this reasearch is that the role of the community of Pujon Kidul in the development of tourism villages is divided into 4 roles, namely the role of ideas, physical energy, creativity, and material. The four roles carried out are synergized into the strategy and agreement between the community and the government of Pujon Kidul village. The government's strategy to make the community as the main actor in the process of developing tourism villages was actualized by establishing a village-owned business entity that was oriented towards improving the economy of the community. The synergy between roles, strategies, and strong agreements makes the development of the tourism village of Pujon Kidul able to run optimally because each party both the community and the village government are able to implement the function of adaptation, achievement of goals, integration and maintenance of the system as stated by Talcott Parsons.


214 September-December 2010 / Vol 7 / Issue 3 Sir, Appendicitis can often be a difficult diagnosis in children, as they may not present with classical symptoms and signs. A 14-year-old Caucasian boy presented with a 24hour history of right iliac fossa (RIF) tenderness on the background of 10-day history of generalised abdominal pain. He had diarrhoea for a week along with a three-day history of vomiting and anorexia prior to admission. On examination, he was pyrexial (37.2°C) and a tender mass was palpated in the RIF. Blood tests revealed an elevated white cell count of 15.1 x 109 / l (range 5.4-14.5 x 109 / l) with an associated neutrophilia of 13.1 x 109 / l (range 1.58 x 109 / l). A diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. At operation, a Lanz incision was made in the RIF and the appendix was found to be normal. On further exploration, a hard intraluminal mass was palpable in the caecum with a proximally distended, thick-walled terminal ileum. A provisional diagnosis of either adenocarcinoma or a lymphoma was made; a midline laparotomy was performed and the patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and side-to-side ileo-colic anastamosis.


Introduction: Children with thalassemia are at risk for mental and behavioural disorders due to their reduced quality of life. Interventions to improve their mental health have shown good outcomes. The narration and painting intervention approaches have a positive effect on self-concept. Aim: To compare the effect of two methods of narration and painting on the self-concept of children with thalassemia. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial with post-test/pretest method was carried out on 35 children with thalassemia major, admitted to hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on the intervention: narration (n=19, six sessions of 90 minutes) and painting (n=16, six sessions of 30 minutes, drawing whatever they wanted). At the end of the first session, and three months later, the Piers-Harris questionnaire was used for self-concept assessment. To analyse the data Paired t-test and Chi-squared test were used. Results: The mean age in the painting group was 12.4 years, and in the narration group was 12.6 years. Girls constituted 43.9% (n=9) in the painting group, and 31.6% (n=6) in the narration group. The mean score of self-concept in the children belonging to the narration group was 46.46±7.74 before the intervention, which increased to 48.10±9.61 after the intervention (p=0.579). In the painting group, the mean score of self-concept in the preintervention phase was 42.44±6.30, and increased to 48.87±9.41 after the intervention (p=0.033). Conclusion: The implementation of two methods of narration and painting in children with thalassemia major had a favourable effect on their self-concept. Considering that various psychotherapy methods are used to help patients to adapt to complications of their disease, narration and painting therapies as a non invasive, affordable and low-cost methods can also be used in this regard.


Sensor selection in control design receives substantial interest in the last few years. We disseminate work on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based embedded software platform validating a systematic sensor selection framework and target efficient FPGA resource allocation. Sensor selection combines multi-objective optimization, Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control, applied to a Maglev suspension. The nonlinear Maglev model is realized on software platform forming a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) as an economic and reliable validation platform for the design setup. The LQG controller was modeled in fixed point, described in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and tied up with an ethernet core to form an FPGA-in-the-loop system prior to logic synthesis and FPGA place and route. The results illustrate efficient FPGA resource allocation level pertinent to extending to a core sensor fault tolerant scheme.


New bio-based materials have been exploited to develop biodegradable and edible films as an effort to extend shelf life and improve quality of food while reducing packaging waste. The objective of this study was to investigate physicochemical properties of k-carrageenan/locust bean gum (k-car/LBG) films with different bcarotene emulsion concentrations. To prepare oil-in-water emulsions, b-carotene (0.03% v/v) was dissolved in mediumchain triglycerides (MCTs), and the solution was mixed (1:9 v/v) with a pectin solution (3% w/v) as emulsifier. Film forming solutions were prepared by adding b-carotene emulsion (0-3% w/w) into the k-car/LBG solution (40/60% w/w) with 0.3% (w/v) of glycerol. Films with different b-carotene concentrations were characterized in terms of optical, mechanical and barrier properties and compared with control films without bcarotene. The results suggested that mechanical, physical and barrier properties of k-car/LBG films were influenced by the presence of b-carotene. Results showed that addition of b-carotene to the k-car/LBG films studied resulted in significant decrease (p<0.05) in water vapour transmission rate values. Film opacity values (ranging from 4.9 to 12.5 %) increased when b-carotene was incorporated to the film. Therefore, b-carotene emulsions have potential to be used as a natural additive on kcar/LBG films, particularly in the food packaging industry.


The multiple pulse train interference (MPTI) ranging system takes advantage of the high accuracy and absolute length measurement capability, but traditional scheme has a large measurement dead zone. In this Letter, we propose a MPTI ranging scheme based on chip-based soliton microcomb to achieve high-precision but no dead-zone measurement. The measurement optical path is improved to solve the problem of cross correlation interference fringe overlap, and a peak fitting algorithm is employed to further improve the measurement accuracy of the system. Using a commercial He–Ne interferometer, a 384 nm precision is obtained in 1.5 m distance measurements. Advantages of the simple optical path, high precision, and no measurement dead zone are expected to realize on-chip integration and provide a solution for precision measurement.


An apparatus and method of detecting a missing nozzle in an ink jet print head can detect a missing nozzle with a simple process when the missing nozzle is generated. The method of detecting the missing nozzle used in the ink jet print head provided with plural chambers in which an ink is filled, plural heaters to heat the ink in the chambers, and plural nozzles corresponding to the heaters, includes detecting a temperature of each of the heaters, and when the detected temperature deviates from a predetermined temperature range, determining that the nozzle corresponding to the heater is the missing nozzle.


We analyze the phenomenon of super-resolution in time reversal acoustic in the rough interface random media setting by numerical simulation. Monte carlo simulation of the rough interface and quasi random number generator are used. Mathematical formulation of the wave transmission problem leads to a coupled boundary integral equation. The simple trapezoidal rule is used to approximate the integration in the Boundary Integral Equation to calculate the wave field. The resolution with a rough interface beat that in the flat interface setting.


The invention discloses a method and a device for recognizing a touch action on a touch screen terminal. When the recognized touch action is converted to the gesture information, the information of a touch operation way of the user can be determined and stored according to the touch operation parameter of the recognized touch action, when the recognized touch action of the user is converted to the gesture information, the user touch operation way information of the recognized touch action is called to obtain the corresponding gesture information, and a corresponding operation command is actuated according to the gesture information. Since the touch operation way, i.e. the touch finger information and habit movement orbit, of the user is adequately considered when the gesture information is obtained rather than the gesture information is obtained only according to the recognized touch action, the accurate gesture information can be obtained on the basis of the recognized operation action according to different touch operation ways of different users on a touch screen, so that the actuated operation command is enabled to be accurate finally.


The utility model relates to an LED street lamp structure which comprises a heat conduit frame, an upper lamp shell cover, a lower lamp shell cover, a light collecting plate and a transparent lamp cover, wherein the upper lamp shell cover and the lower lamp shell cover are in pin joint mutually and are made of plastic; the heat conduit frame has the structure that a radiating seat is provided with main radiating fins, stabilizer boxes with a plurality of fins are arranged at both sides of the radiating seat, and a plurality of radiating lamp groups penetrate through the bottom of the radiating seat, thereby the main radiating fins which are arranged on the heat conduit frame are increased, the fins are arranged at the upper ends of the stabilizer boxes to increase a radiating area, otherwise, an auxiliary radiating and wind-guiding device is additionally arranged above the heat conduit frame, and the auxiliary radiating and wind-guiding device not only is made of aluminium and can assist radiation, but also can forcibly guide air into the main radiating fins to intensify the radiating effect and prolong the service life of the LED lamp.


An efficient and facile regioselective synthesis of di- and tri- substituted 3,4-dihydrothiochromeno[3,2-e][1,3]thiazin-5(2H)-one derivatives was reported from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin, ammonium acetate/primary amines and aldehydes involving a ytterbium triflate catalysed pseudo four component hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. The significant features of the present protocol are: mild reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, good yields, and unusual ring closure leading to the formation of C–C, C–N and C–S bonds in a single step operation.


Abstract Exercise is a stressor. It raises both heart rate and blood pressure. It re-routes blood flow toward working muscles and away from functions such as digestion and reproduction. It pours energizing, sympathetic nervous system hormones into the blood stream and pushes the physiology of the body above normal limits into uncomfortable and sometimes even painful states. This challenge to the body, and the accompanying discomfort, acts as a catalyst for emotional and psychological, as well as physical, stress. The Cannon-Bard theory posits that responses to stress are the well-known "fight-or-flight" (Cannon, 1932) responses. Under the stress of exercise, individuals either fleetry to avoid-the stressor, which partially accounts for the low rate of long term compliance to exercise programs, or they get aggressive and determined-they "fight," primarily with themselves, to persist in the exercise or sport activity. In Biobehavioral Responses to Stress in Females: Tend-and-Befriend, Not Fight-or-Flight, Taylor, Klein, Lewis, Gruenewald, Gurung and Updegraff (2000) recently identified an alternative interpretation of the body's stress response. This stress response is described as the "tend-and-befriend" model, and early indicators show it may be a preferred pattern of stress response by females. This paper describes the tend and befriend model and suggests how it might be applied therapeutically to exercise and sport activities for women.


The promulgation of National Ordinary College Sports Curriculum Teaching Instruction Summary sets the fresh target request for the sports teaching and the gym instructor,and urges the teacher to carry on the role transformation as soon as possible,to understand the situation clearly,to find and establish the direction diligently,and then join in the educational reform positively.Enhancement of teacher's teaching and teaching scientific and research enthusiastic can promote the school sports curriculum quality of teaching powerfully,at the same time it brings the new vigor for the school sports teaching.


The St Bride's area of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, is dominated by late Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks of the Musgravetown and Adeyton groups. Detailed 1:10 000 mapping of the St Bride's area has identified new trace fossil and trilobite localities. The trace fossils, found in abundance within the Bonavista Formation, are identified as Teichichnus rectus. These trace fossils are recognized globally in Early Cambrian assemblages and are valuable contributors in constraining relative locations of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Their presence here suggests that the host mudrocks were deposited in a marginal marine, reduced salinity environment. The trilobite fossils are found within a condensed 2to 3-m-thick unit of the Brigus Formation; they are identified as belonging to the Strenuella sabulosa Zone. These findings are consistent with comprehensive studies of trilobite taxonomy previously carried out in the area. The question as to why these fossils should be found in discrete, condensed fossiliferous horizons is beyond the scope of this study, but it is suggested that this observation might form the basis of future work. INTRODUCTION AND REGIONAL


It has been suggested that the internship as a separate phase of medical education should be discarded and that the experience gained during this period should be divided between the clinical clerkship on one side and residency training on the other. At one time, the internship provided not only the first contact with patients but also the final step in preparation for practice. Little wonder then that it came to be regarded with high esteem. However, as the clinical clerkship was introduced into medical school teaching, it gradually evolved into training that closely simulated that which the intern had received in at least the earlier months of his service. Then, with the development of residency training programs in preparation for specialty practice, the resident began to assume some of the responsibility for the care of patients formerly assigned to the intern. Thus, the internship lost much of its earlier glory


The data here presented were obtained from the biennial reports made in 1927 by the high schools in Massachusetts to the state department of education. In the case of extra-curriculum activities the blank requested the following information: "Names of literary, debating, athletic, or other pupils' organizations. Number of meetings in year. Approximate membership. Do one or more teachers attend? Is school credit given for satisfactory work; if so, how much?"


The arbitrary nature of the terminating condition in an existing routine in the 'computation of oscillating integrals' [7] is examined and changed. In fact the terminating condition is made integrand dependent. The new routine is demonstrated to show that it is a generalization of the existing routine. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics Vol. 9 2005: pp. 337-342


YouTube, one of the foremost watched video sharing websites with millions of different types of contents and their creators with innovative ideas was originated in USA. You Tube has been recorded as the second largest program watched, searched and time spending platform by the millions and billions of views after Google. The videos uploaded by the creators on You Tube majorly depend on the content, knowledge and skilled dynamics and social interaction between the channels (content creators) and user of it. Social networks like videos spreads and sensitivity of YouTube meta-level features provide an important impact on the popularity of videos. Emotions are indeed for social interactions. To build automatic speech recognization system, emotions play a vital role. poor data quality, public dataset, manual labelling, CPU bottlenecks, model over fitting, exploding gradient problem and Data storage are major challenges in the sentimental analysis from the videos. This paper describes the various approaches for sentiment analysis of videos and about the algorithms which provide quite accurate results and to improve the performance rate, parallel processing can be done in Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) using NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) language.


b 1. A 9-year-old boy presents for evaluation of abnormal involuntary movements. His mother reports that he started developing odd movements in his arms and face 1 week ago and also became irritable and anxious. He had a sore throat and fever 4 weeks ago and was treated with over-the-counter supplements. No family history exists of any neurologic disorder. On examination, he is afebrile with frequent choreiform movements in his limbs and face. The reminder of the neurologic examination is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. diphtheria B . Huntington disease C. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis D. subcortical cerebral infarct E . Sydenham chorea The Continuum Postreading Self-Assessment and CME Test is an integral part of the issue that is intended to stimulate thought and help participants assess general understanding of the material presented in this issue. The Postreading Self-Assessment and CME Test is also approved by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) to meet the Lifelong Learning (CME), Self-Assessment (SA) (part 2) component for Maintenance of Certification. For each item, select the single best response. A tally sheet is provided with this issue to allow the option of marking answers before entering them online. A faxable scorecard is available only upon request to subscribers who do not have computer access or to nonsubscribers who have purchased single back issues (send an email to email@example.com). Participants who complete the Postreading Self-Assessment and CME Test and issue evaluation online at www.aan.com/continuum/cme may earn up to 12 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits toward SA-CME. Participants have up to 3 years from the date of publication to earn CME credits. No SA-CME will be awarded for this issue after August 31, 2019.


Grid systems become the common solutions supporting scientific researches, business analysis , entering even the world of entertainment. Modern grids shoul d satisfy following requirements to be considered as useful a nd convenient tools: cost-effectiveness, performance, quality of service, reliability, security. The critical part of grid system is a communication network, responsible for proper and reliable data transfer between computing nodes. In case of g rids where data transfer delays (QoS) and reliability are not crucial, public networks (usually in conjunction with VPN technology) are used. For better performance and stable communi cation parameters private wide area networks (WANs) are bu ild and utilized in grid environments. WAN-based grid systems require specific designing methods in order to ensu re the cost and QoS optimality. Some problems typical for wide area networks must be considered: topology of private WAN, capacity of channels, routing (flow assignment), al location of computing nodes. In the paper the model of WAN-base d grid system is presented and the cost minimizing and QoS ensuring algorithm is proposed. Both network optimization issues and distributed computing optimization issues are consi dered simultaneously. Algorithm may be useful as well for designing as optimizing of WAN-based grids. Keywords-grid networks; capacity and flow assignment problem; distributed computing; wide area networks; algorithm


Starting from some problems faced BY TRADITIONAL Web mining,and based on the introduction of some new features of the information under Web2.0 environment,this paper emphatically analyzes the technological process of Web2.0-based Web mining,and in the light of the contents of Web mining,puts forward some new mining techniques.


Nepal's Child Grant was introduced in 2009, and the government made a commitment to enhance and expand the programme in 2016. This contribution argues that good evidence, local popularity, and a combination of political legitimacy and opportunity were all necessary to bring about the reforms. Despite initial underinvestment and various design and implementation challenges, the reforms provide a solid platform to help the programme realise its full potential.


The following list of dates is compiled from samples prepared since publication of our last date list (OWU II) and includes determinations through November, 1966. Equipment and operating procedures are the same, except that the sample conversion system has been altered to include a second vacuum pumping system and a separate oxygen/nitrogen combustion train.


The hydrogenation of rac-[1-(9-η5-fluorenyl)-2-(5,6-cylopenta-2-methyl-1-η5-indenyl)ethane] metallocene dichlorides (1a: Zr, 1b: Hf) with PtO2/H2O/H2 is reported. The diastereoselective formation of exclusively rac-[1-(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-η5-fluorenyl)-2-(2-methyl- 1,4,4a(R;S),5,6,7,7a(S;R),8-octahydro-s-η5-indacenyl)ethane]metallocene dichlorides (2a: Zr, 2b: Hf) was shown by 1H-NMR and by X-ray analysis of 2a. Both compounds were activated in situ with triisobutylaluminum/PhC+3 [B(C6F5)4]D and tested as catalysts in propylene polymerization reactions. Comparison to the non-hydrogenated complexes revealed a decrease in molecular weight of the polymer and in catalyst activity. Experiments at elevated temperatures resulted in a lower stereospecificity and reduced isotacticity values indicating a polymerization mechanism analogous to C2-symmetric catalysts.


A promising photochromic fluorescent chemosensor 1o linked with Schiff base unit was synthesized. It displayed outstanding photochromism and a superb fluorescence turn-on response toward Zn2+. Upon the addition of Zn2+ to 1o, the fluorescent color of the solution obviously changed from blue to bright green with a 27-fold fluorescent intensity increase. The combination of 1o–Zn2+ with 1 : 1 stoichiometry was verified by Job's plot and MS analysis. The detection limit for 1o toward Zn2+ was measured to be 8.10 × 10−8 M. Furthermore, logic gate research was established with Zn2+, UV and visible light as input signals and the emission intensity as the output signal.


Abundant and diverse dinosaur tracks, associated with small numbers of fossil bird tracks, were discovered in the Tianjialou Formation of the Early Cretaceous Dasheng Group in the Houzuoshan Dinosaur Park, Junan County, Shandong Province. Preliminary study shows that the ichnofauna is mainly theropod and ornithopod tracks, with the former predominating. The largest one is elliptical in shape, 100 cm long and 70 cm wide, which is probably a ornithopod track. The ornithopod tracks are mostly elliptical in shape, the long axis being generally 30 to 40 cm long, and are usually preserved as undertracks. The largest theropod track in this tracksite is a tridactyl track, 49 cm long by 35 cm wide, attributable to carnosaurs. Furthermore, several possible dromaeosaurid tracks were also recognized, which are bidactyl, with digits Ⅲ and Ⅳ nearly parallel to each other and the so-called digit Ⅱ forming nodes at the inner proximal part of digit Ⅲ. The horizon of ornithopod tracks is of restricted distribution but the tracks are close-spaced. Mud cracks, ripples and even ice-crystal imprints are common on the bedding planes, which is closely related to mudstone and silty mudstone.


Investigations were carried out to study evaluate the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine consisting of air gap insulated piston with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre– heated temperature] of linseed biodiesel with varied injection timing. Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, volumetric efficiency and coolant load were evaluated at different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Comparative studies were made with conventional engine (CE) with biodiesel and also with mineral diesel operation with similar working condition. The optimum injection timing was 31o bTDC (before top dead centre) with conventional engine while it was 29o bTDC for engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel operation. Performance improved with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel in comparison with CE.


A circuit for controlling a sense amplifier is provided to improve tWR(Write Recovery Time) characteristics by performing over-driving operation of a bit line and a bit bar line by an external voltage during column address access operation in a sense amplifier of a DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory). A column selection signal generation part generates a column selection signal by assembling a column address. A driving signal generation part outputs a sense amplifier driving signal by delaying the column selection signal. An over driving operation part performs over-driving of a sensing line of a sense amplifier during active period of the sense amplifier driving signal. The over driving operation part performs over-driving operation by being activated after active period of the column selection signal when a write command is applied.


An analyzing model of "contrast matrix" is built through mathematics and statistics method,to study grading method of the sensitivity evaluation index in karst eco-environment.Meanwhile,the land-use style in Duyun is studied as a case.The study involves comparatively analysis and quantification of the sensitivity to 13 types of land-use style with the following 11 indices,biodiversity,ecosystem's carrying capacity,environmental capacity,climate modification,matter circulation and energy flow,soil loss,environmental pollution,land degradation and so on,and ordering the sensitivity and orderly clustering the grade,and then drawing a grading distribution map with sensitivity grade of land-use in Duyun with GIS.The result indicates that the Sensitive Grade Ⅰincludes shrub forest and forest land;the Grade Ⅱ natural grassland,paddy field,garden and water area;the Grade Ⅲ dry-land and mausoleum field;the Grade Ⅳ town,road and rural settlements;and the Grade Ⅴ mining sites and unused land.


THE various countries of the globe differ from one another in respect of dryness, though none are literally dry, year in and year out. Still some are very nearly dry; others are moist, and some, comparatively speaking, wet. Herein consists one of the main causes of the complication which students of the physics of the atmosphere have to face.


Judith Hildebrand worked for both the Family Planning Association and the Pregnancy Advisory Service before attending the Polytechnic of Central London, where she gained a Social Studies Diploma. She then completed her social work training at Goldsmiths College, University of London, where she obtained the Certificate of Qualification in Social Work. She is at present employed by the Borough of Camden and works in the Department of Psychological Medicine in the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street


On a January afternoon, in her office at the University of Arizona, Mary Koss is showing me the media clippings from her turn in the spotlight""a moment that is now more than two decades old. Watery winter light streams through the blinds as she combs through the bottom drawer of a file cabinet that stretches the length of the room, where she stores the hundreds of stories that have been written about her research, nearly all of them between 1985 and 1994. With Frenchmanicured fingertips, she pulls out a creased copy of People magazine from December 1990. "Here's another one that looks like it could have come off a newsstand last month," she says, tossing it onto the disordered stack of photocopies on her desk. On the cover, a stoic young woman stares out from under the headline: "A Victim's Anguish: Raped on Campus."


Nowadays, it is common practice to perform CFD calculations for optimisation purposes of technical biomass combustion applications. A numerical model for wood chip combustion on grate firing arrangements has been developed. The model is based on an Euler-Euler approach, enabling a detailed multiphase description of the combustion chamber in terms of flow, turbulence and heat transfer. The model explicitly accounts for interactions between bed and freeboard region and comprises a global description of the whole incineration process associated with wood combustion. For validation purposes, the effect of fuel moisture content in a 240 kWth test facility has been observed experimentally and the results are opposed to the model predictions. Additionally, measurements within a 58 MWth full scale grate firing system have been conducted and the scalability of the numerical model towards industrial applications is investigated.


Draft survey map (unfinished) of section 58, Taita, Wellington, showing Maori land claims. Names include: Ngapaki Mawene, Taniora Anaru, Raiha Watene, Henare E Puni, Matene, Mawene, Ruhia Pote, Heeni Ihakara and Epiha.
Some other names on the map are in pencil and difficult to decipher. Several pencil calculation annotations cover the map.
Pencil annotation on map: W Foord William W.
Quantity: 1 manuscript map(s).
Physical Description: Ink and pencil on paper, scale [1:2 376], 51 x 68.5 cm.


Timely and rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is important for the management of transplant patients. We compared three serological assays, IgM immunoblot and IgG/IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA), as well as the detection of CMV antigens in polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes (antigenemia), for their value in the early diagnosis of CMV infection. Thirty-one patients were monitored longitudinally for 3 months after renal transplantation. Laboratory documented CMV infection occurred in 20 patients. All of these cases showed a positive IgM immunoblot result that was confirmed by at least one of the other test assays (IgG EIA 19/20, antigenemia assay 13/20, and IgM EIA 12/20). All of the ten patients whose clinical picture was compatible with symptomatic CMV disease were positive for CMV infection according to IgM immunoblot and IgG EIA, nine were positive according to the antigenemia assay, and seven were positive according to IgM EIA. With reference to the temporal pattern, the antigenemia assay indicated CMV infection significantly earlier than the serological tests (P≤0.05). In symptomatic patients CMV antigen-positive leukocytes were, on the average, detected on the day of onset of symptoms, whereas detection by IgM immunoblot, IgG EIA, and IgM EIA followed 8, 13, and 14 days later, respectively. These results show that: (1) the CMV antigenemia assay is very useful for the early diagnosis of symptomatic CMV infections; (2) CMV antibodies, as an indicator of CMV infection, are detectable earlier and more frequently by IgM immunoblot than by IgG/IgM EIA; (3) compared to CMV anti-genemia, the IgM immunoblot indicated CMV infection more often but significantly later; and (4) only a combination of several diagnostic methods allows optimal detection of CMV infections in renal transplant patients.


Consumption of processed food is rapidly rising and the distribution of processed food retailing becomes diverse. It is important to understand the characteristics of potential customers of each type of retail stores in order to develop consumer-oriented marketing strategies. This study investigates the drivers of consumers' store choice for processed food focusing on how information-obtaining sources and types of interested information related to food can differently affect the consumer's choice behavior in purchasing places for processed food. We have five categories for purchasing places (hypermarket, supermarket, grocery store, convenient store and other stores). We empirically analyzed survey data on the Consumer's Attitudes for Processed Food by using a Multinomial Logit model. Using the survey questions, time-sensitivity variable is constructed by using K-means clustering analysis to test our hypothesis. Time-sensitivity affects the decision-making of purchasing places and the results indicate that time-sensitive consumers are more likely to purchase processed food from hypermarket. Our empirical results show that information-obtaining sources (e.g., TV/radio, newspaper/magazine and internet) and types of interested information related to food (e.g., recipe, nutrition) are important factors for consumers who make purchases from hypermarket and supermarket in comparison to grocery store, base category. However, those who purchase from convenient store and other stores are only significantly affected by socio-economic characteristics. The results provide insights into the characteristics of potential consumers for each type of retail stores.


Contents: Introduction Discourse of national identity Iraniyat and Iranian identity Islamiyat and Iranian identity Ayatollah Khamene'i's Islamist discourse of national identity Islamist-Iranian discourse of national identity: Khatami's state counter-discourse A contemporary Iranian identity: towards a discourse of Iranian civic national identity? Conclusions Bibliography Index.