We describe an inquiry-based activity designed to develop the pedagogical content knowledge of prospective chemistry teachers. The investigation asks students to analyze data to derive an imaginary periodic table in a parallel universe. The activity allows future teachers to revise and integrate central concepts and ideas in chemistry and to analyze and reflect on important pedagogical issues in the learning and teaching of chemistry. The proposed activity may also be appropriate for students enrolled in advanced-placement courses at the high school level and in general chemistry courses at the college level.


The study was conducted with 1171 original contributions published in the Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge during 2002–2014. Contributions by more than five authors and small teams comprising four, three and two authors account for about 92% of the papers. The length of a maximum number of articles (41.9%) ranges from six to ten pages. Articles occupying 1 to 5 pages rank next accounting for 38.9%. Maximum authors from academic contributed 678 (57.9%) papers. The paper covered the bibliometric analyses of year-wise distribution of articles, authorship patterns, and institutions-wise distribution of contributions, and length of papers published in IJTK, bibliographic forms of references have been analyzed.


In the summer of 2012, transactional law clinics from three U.S. law schools: George Washington University; Georgetown University; and the University of Michigan launched a collaboration to serve a common client—Ashoka, a global nonprofit organization that supports close to 3,000 social entrepreneurs across 76 countries. While clinic collaborations within universities happen occasionally, clinic collaborations across universities are unusual. This essay focuses on the motivations, operations, lessons, and next steps of this cross-university, clinical collaboration aimed at advancing social entrepreneurship globally. Specifically, this essay examines why the collaboration was launched, how the collaboration is structured, what the collaboration offers clients and participating law students, how the collaboration has expanded the skills and knowledge of the three clinical directors who are participating in this collaboration, where this collaboration might go next, and finally, what others might learn from this experience when contemplating their own cross-university, clinical collaborations.


In this paper,the idea of research-based teaching in electronic course design is presented. The concept of research-based teaching and the purpose of electronic course design are expounded and the combining site is found. Problems existing in the electronic course design are analyzed. The practice of the research-oriented teaching mode is put forward focusing on these problems. Teaching practice is performed in design procedure,guidelines,implementation method and interactive teaching mode. Practice effect is summarized. Course design should reflect the thought of system engineering which is put forward.


Dental and oral health is a support for achieving optimal body health. How to brush your teeth properly is very important to teach children because it greatly affects the level of dental hygiene. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between school-age children's knowledge of oral and dental health and tooth brushing behavior in Grades 1A and 1B of SDN Cipinang Besar Utara 10 Pagi. This study design uses descriptive correlative with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is total sampling. The sample in this study were 66 students. The results of this study showed that 46 students (69.7%) lacked knowledge and 45 students (68.2%) had bad tooth brushing behavior. Statistical test results using the Chi Square test with a value of ρ = 0.003 when compared with α = 0.05, then ρ value <0.05. This shows that Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that in this study there is a relationship between dental and oral health knowledge in school children and brushing behavior in Class 1A and 1B SDN Cipinang Besar Utara 10 Pagi. Suggestions for schools are that it is hoped that they can work together with the local health center to provide health education on tooth brushing behavior in an effort to improve dental and oral hygiene.


This paper is concerned with the dynamic pre-strain effect on the material properties of SPCC steel sheet at strain rates ranging from 0.001 s -1 to 100 s -1 . The experimental method suggests new designs of a specimen and a device to impose pre-strain. The condition of the tests for the pre-strain effect is that SPCC steel specimens were pre-strained by 5% and 10% at strain rates of 0.001, 1, 10 and 100 s -1 , and then tensile tests were conducted at the same strain rates. The results of the tests demonstrate that the engineering stress-strain curves at the strain rate of 0.001 s -1 for SPCC pre-strained by 5% and 10% at the strain rate of 0.001 s -1 traced the engineering stress-strain curve without the pre-strains, following an old conjecture that every researchers accept. On the contrary, the material properties of SPCC steel were noticeably influenced by the pre-strain, with stress overshooting when the strain rate is over 1 s -1 . The flow stress and the ultimate tensile strength increased due to the pre-strains at intermediate strain rates.


In this paper, we present a novel approach to searching for the best view of museum art pieces. There is big variety of objects situated in virtual museums and one method for determining the best view on all of them is not enough. In our work we categorize the objects into several groups to determine which method is suitable for which kind of objects. The D2 Shape Descriptor, which represents the distribution of Euclidean distances between pairs of randomly selected points on the surface of a 3D model is investigated on a database of object from 5 semantic categories. It turns out that D2 shape descriptor is not capable to discriminate these categories correctly and different descriptors must be investigated.


This paper studies a two stage approach to state space identification with certain optimality properties. The first stage is essentially a linear correlation stage via orthonormal filtering to reduce the problem to a setup with small equivalent noise. The second stage is an optimal Hankel norm model reduction step. This two stage algorithm is shown to be consistent for a large class of stable, possibly infinite dimensional, linear time-invariant systems under a very mild condition on the additive noise. The consistency analysis is based on a non-probabilistic framework for noise which allows the inclusion of large classes of non-ergodic and non-stationary noise, possibly having deterministic components, with maximum transparency. Furthermore, l and H convergence results are derived for a popular class of ortho1 normal basis expansions based on shift operators. These bases include, e.g. Laguerre bases.


Applegarth DA, Toone JR, Rolland MO, Black SH, Yim DKC, Bemis G. 2000. Non-concordance of CVS and liver glycine cleavage enzyme in three families with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) leading to false negative prenatal diagnoses. Prenat Diagn 20: 367–370. Rolland MO, Mandon G, Mathieu M. 1993. First trimester prenatal diagnosis of NKH by a microassay of glycine cleavage enzyme. Prenat Diagn 13: 771–772. Toone JR, Applegarth DA, Coulter-Mackie MB, James ER. 2000. Biochemical and molecular investigations of patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Mol Genet Metab 70: 116–121.


Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a standard approach to investigate molecular differences between cell states. Comparisons of bioinformatics methods for the count matrix transformation (normalization) and differential expression (DE) analysis of these data have already highlighted recommendations for effective between-sample comparisons and visualization. Here, we examine two remaining open questions: (i) What are the best combinations of data transformations and statistical test methods, and (ii) how do pseudo-bulk approaches perform in single-sample designs? We evaluated the performance of 343 DE pipelines (combinations of eight types of count matrix transformations and ten statistical tests) on simulated and real-world data, in terms of precision, sensitivity, and false discovery rate. We confirm superior performance of pseudo-bulk approaches without prior transformation. For within-sample comparisons, we advise the use of three pseudo-replicates, and provide a simple R package DElegate to facilitate application of this approach.


We developed a hybrid plasma source combined with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) antenna and a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) electrode. The ICP antenna and the CCP electrode are connected to a single RF power generator in parallel and a variable capacitor Cv is connected to the ICP antenna in series. The currents flowing through each source and the CCP electrode voltage are measured for analysis of the electrical characteristics, and the ion densities are measured while adjusting the capacitance of the Cv. Interestingly, when a series LC resonance occurs between the inductance of the ICP antenna and the capacitance of the Cv, different trends are observed depending on the discharge mode. In capacitive mode (E-mode), the ion density is minimized and is controlled by the CCP current. On the other hand, in inductive mode (H-mode), the ion density is maximized and is affected by the ICP current. The change of the ion density can be explained by the balance between the total power absorption and power dissipation. It is also in good qualitative agreement with the calculated plasma density from the power balance equation. By adjusting the Cv, linear control of the ion density can be achieved. To evaluate the proposed source in terms of O atom generation, the number density ratio of O atom nO to Ar nAr is obtained by using the optical emission spectroscopy actinometry method. These results show that nO/nAr is controlled. Our source can be applied to plasma processing, in which ion density and O atom generation controls are important factors.


Abstract Twelve isolates of Puccinia menthae collected from Mentha × cordifolia (winter mint), M. × piperita (peppermint), M. × piperita var. citrata (lemon mint), and M. spicata (spearmint) were tested for differences in pathogenicity on 26 clones from 6 species in Mentha and 5 species in related genera. Three races were identified from the differential host reactions: Race 1 was isolated from M. × piperita and M. × piperita var. citrata; Race 2 from M. x cordifolia and M. spicata; Race 3 from M. spicata. Although M. × piperita has been naturalised in New Zealand for many years, and commercially grown since 1970, the first record of rust on this species was on cultivated plants in December 1978. Observations of wild mint clones along river banks in the peppermint growing area of Canterbury during 1979 and 1980 suggest that rust spread from infected peppermint crops to wild M. × piperita var. citrata and M. × piperita. Race 1 thus appears to be a recent arrival in New Zealand. The earlier New Zealand reco...


Background: Young adults are known across the world for the concern for weight and their perceptions of weight are known to be influenced by factors like media, culture, societal norms, parental and peer group expectations. Objective: This study explores the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight perceptions, and attempts to lose weight in female university students from university of Hail. Methodology: Data were collected from 100 university female students, using self-reported weight, height, self, parent and peer perception of weight, and weight loss strategies. BMI was calculated from weight and height and was categorized into International and Asian clinical criteria. Results: The total mean age ± SD was 21.66 ± 1.39 years (range 19-25) and mean± SD BMI was 22.96 ± 3.74. Nearly 16 % and 4 % of study population were overweight and obese respectively according to BMI International cut off whereas around 34 % and 11 % of study population were overweight and obese respectively according to BMI Asian cut off. Self, parents and peer perceptions are either skewed towards underweight or obese indicating the need for educating the knowledge of actual BMI status in these populations. Currently 22 % agree that they are on dieting while 31 % agree that they do physical exercise as weight management strategy. Cohen's Kappa suggests a very poor agreement of self-perception with actual weight status. Conclusions: Our study has shown that among female university students, there is significant misperception of weight, with one third of students misclassifying themselves. Weight perceptions were not good indicators for weight management practices.


Four research-supported teaching methods can make your computing courses more effective through improved student learning, comprehension, and motivation.
 This workshop introduces and provides experience with those four methods: 1. Collaborative learning, e.g., pair programming or peer led team learning; 2. Examples and exercises in contexts that appeal to a broad range of students; 3. Computing skills developed through practice; 4. Developing spatial rotation abilities.
 The presenters are among leading researchers and award-winning practitioners.
 J. McGrath Cohoon: Senior Research Scientist at the National Center for Women & IT (NCWIT); Associate Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Virginia; conducts nationwide empirical studies of gender and computing.
 Jim Cohoon: Computer Science professor at the University of Virginia; IEEE Computer Science highest education award recipient, and author of award-winning introductory textbooks.
 Susan Horwitz: Professor of Computer Sciences at the University of Wisconsin - Madison; lead PI on an NSF grant that pioneered and evaluated use of Peer-Led Team Learning in introductory Computer-Science courses; recipient of University teaching awards.
 Seth Reichelson: award-winning high school Computer Science teacher; nationally recognized for his approach to high school computing courses in general and AP Computer Science in particular.
 Laura Jones: teaches in a public elementary school, writes frequently about girls and STEM careers, founded and directed the GEMS clubs (Girls Excelling in Math and Science) in 1995.
 Workshop participants will learn from these presenters how to employ the pedagogical methods for engaging and retaining diverse students in computer science courses. .A laptop is optional.


The effect of thermal radiation past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate under the influence of transverse magnetic field has been discussed. The fluid is assumed to be gray, emitting-absorbing but non-scattering medium and the optically thick radiation limit is considered. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using Laplace transformation technique. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown on graphs. The variation of skin-friction is also shown in a table.


At some occasions in the past,tunnel solution was only an alternative for bridge solution in planning corridors crossing rivers and seas.In the paper,the advantages,features and problems of building under-water tunnels are discussed,which provides a complete and objective view on the function of under-water tunnels in construction of corridors crossing rivers and seas.Typical under-water tunnels built,under construction and under study are listed,and river/sea bed terrain,engineering geology,hydrogeology and other site conditions,where bridges,tunnels or "bridges + tunnels" are suitable to be built,are proposed.Analysis is made on the bridge solution and the tunnel solution in terms of advantages,disadvantages,applicable conditions and its limitations.Some typical under-water high-speed railway and highway tunnels are listed,the favorable conditions to build under-water tunnels are summarized and the problems in the construction and operation stages of under-water tunnels are analyzed.Conclusions drawn are as follows: In planning corridors crossing rivers and seas,comparisons shall be made among different alternatives,considering the natural conditions,ecological conditions,geological conditions,hydrological conditions,river conditions,harbor conditions,waterway conditions and shipping conditions of the site,so as to find out the optimum solution.Under-water tunnels have their own advantages and disadvantages.Due to the unique technological and economical advantages,in fact,under-water tunnels have already been adopted in more and more corridors crossing rivers and seas.


Digital library has become main developing mode of library in current information era, this paper has discussed the distinction between digital library and classical library and provided the advantageous solution to the development of digital library.


HIRTEEN years ago Hanson Baldwin expounded in a widely read es, say what he regarded as the major errors of the Western Allies during World War IL. In the process he sketched an image of Allied strategy in Europe that, in this country at least, has remained alive in scholarly and popular writing on the subject ever since. Baldwin pictured two strategies at odds, each claiming to be the only sure formula for defeating Hitler: the American concept of an early and decisive drive across northwestern France into the heart of Germany, and the British design o-f a leisurely series of attritional and diversionary campaigns,along the Mediterranean periphery


Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis is an uncommon form of liver disease in the adult population, whereas giant multinucleated hepatocytes are frequently observed in neonatal hepatitis.1 The mechanisms by which the characteristic multinucleated hepatocyte syncitia are formed are unknown. Two processes have been proposed: increased hepatocyte nuclear proliferation that is not followed by cell division or the membrane fusion of neighboring hepatoyctes.2-5

The characteristic histologic changes of giant-cell hepatitis have been attributed to a variety of insults. Med ications such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, clometacin, amitriptyline, chlordiazepoxide, and chlorpromazine have been implicated as potential causes. A variety of autoimmune disorders can be associated with giant-cell hepatitis, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).6 Finally, several viruses have been detected in the livers of patients with the disease, including hepatitis A, B, C, and E, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and a potentially unidentified paramyxo-like virus.3,6-11 Most recently, a study by Potenza and associates suggested that the reactivation of human herpesvirus 6A infection in a liver transplant recipient was a cause of giant-cell hepatitis.12

The case described by Khan and colleagues is of particular interest because of the presence of two potentially related etiologies of giant-cell hepatitis: AIH and EBV infection.13 A few questions were raised with regard to the patient's prior history. It was noted that the patient underwent a liver biopsy 2 months prior to his admission with severe cholestatic hepatitis. It would have been helpful to discuss the indications for the initial liver biopsy. Similarly, it would have been of interest to review the initial laboratory values, including liver function tests and autoimmune markers, and to know the abnormalities that prompted the liver biopsy and whether the patient was started on prednisone as a result of a new diagnosis of AIH. Or, perhaps prednisone was given to treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, both conditions listed in the patient's past medical history. However, the patient had previously undergone a splenectomy, which typically reduces the need for high-dose steroid therapy.14,15

The initial laboratory values provided in this case study include negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic, anti nuclear (ANA), antismooth muscle (ASMA), and anti–liverkidney-microsome antibodies. At first glance, these findings argue against a diagnosis of AIH. However, although ANA and ASMA titers are typically elevated in AIH, they can be undetectable in up to 20% of patients with histologically proven AIH.16 Newer autoantibodies are being studied to assist in the diagnosis of AIH and to predict disease progression and relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal.17 For example, antibodies to soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas reportedly have a 99% specificity for AIH.18 It would have been interesting to test for this autoantibody in this patient. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoglobulin analysis would also have been useful to further evaluate this patient for possible AIH.

Later in the patient's course, the focus shifted to a possible causative role of EBV infection in the patient's liver disease. Approximately 90% of the world's adult population is infected with EBV, a member of the herpes virus family.19 The infection persists for life. Based upon this patient's high EBV titer of 323,000 copies/mL, a reactivation of latent EBV or a de novo infection with liver involvement is possible. EBV hepatitis in immunocompetent patients is uncommon.20 On liver biopsy, EBV hepatitis is characterized by moderate-to-marked mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates in the portal tract along with scattered foci of interface activity. In addition, infiltration of the liver with atypical lymphocytes is typically present and results in a characteristic beaded sinusoidal pattern.19 It is unknown whether these features were present in either of the patient's biopsies. With regard to the direct virologic examination of liver tissues for EBV, commercially available techniques include immunohistochemical staining, in-situ hybridization (ISH), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of these methods, immunohistochemical staining was found to be the least sensitive, whereas better results were obtained with ISH and PCR.18 It would have been helpful to know which method was used in this case to interpret the reported negative results.

This case report rekindles the ongoing discussion in the literature regarding the possible causative relationship between EBV infection and AIH.21 To further complicate matters, both of the entities can be associated with giant-cell transformation.5,8 Based upon the evidence presented, we suggest that this patient developed AIH and that the reactivation of his latent EBV infection did not play a causative role in his liver failure. This impression is based upon the absence of additional clinical features suggesting primary EBV infection and upon the lack of suggestive liver biopsy findings.

The authors' observation that giant-cell changes can be missed on percutaneous liver biopsy is important and reinforces the need for a careful analysis of the explanted liver, particularly in patients with acute liver failure. It will be interesting to follow this patient's post-transplant course, as giant-cell hepatitis can reoccur in the hepatic allograft.4,22


Covid-19 pandemic mitigation measures in the global South, particularly African developing countries like Nigeria were inadequate to alleviate socioeconomic effects of the pandemic on the livelihood and survival of rural communities. Rural women dominate the informal sector and have been active in agriculture, food security, health, nutrition, home management, traditional elderly care, and micro and small-scale enterprises. Whilst the effects of the pandemic on Nigerian rural women have been measured, the contribution of rural women to the sustainability of agrarian rural communities in the country have not been studied. This paper explored the role of women in supporting their families and communities for the sustainability of rural communities and challenges they faced as they serve as buffers for the survival of their families and sustenance of livelihood in rural communities during the pandemic. The paper adopted qualitative phenomenological research design. A sample of 30 rural women were drawn from Gbara Village, an agrarian rural community in Sagamu Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria through convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Semi-structured Interviews, focus group meetings, and documents were used as data sources and descriptive analysis was used to analyses the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The qualitative results were analyzed through content analysis and eight themes emerged. There were responses on contributions of rural women to the sustainability of Gbara Village during the pandemic in agriculture and food security value chain, health and nutrition, home management, traditional elderly care, and rural entrepreneurship. The paper also found that rural women were confronted with socio-economic challenges of gender inequalities, illiteracy, and limited access to technology to enhance their role as change agents in rural communities during the pandemic. The study suggested that the government, organized private sector, development agencies, non-governmental organizations, research institutions, and civil society organizations should priorities and fast-track the attainment of gender equality and women education to empower rural women and increase their capacity for socio-economic transformation of rural communities in Nigeria.


Disclosure: M. Reck: Served in a consulting or advisory role for Roche, Lilly, BMS, MSD, AZ, Pfizer, BI, and Celgene. Participated in a speakers' bureau for Roche, Lilly, BMS, MSD, AZ, Pfizer, BI, and Celgene. J. Brahmer: Served in a consulting or advisory role for Celgene, Lilly, Merck, and BMS (BMS uncompensated). Conducted research project(s) funded by BMS, MedImmune/AstraZeneca, and Merck. B. Bennett: Employed by AstraZeneca. Served in a consulting or advisory role at Adelphi Values. Conducted research project(s) funded by Adelphi Values. F. Taylor: Employee of Adelphi Values, a consultancy paid by BMS to analyze BMS' clinical trial data. J.R. Penrod, H. Dastani: Employee of Bristol-Myers Squibb. Owned stock or held an ownership interest in Bristol-Myers Squibb. R. Gralla: Paid honoraria by Merck. Served in a consulting or advisory role at BMS, Merck, Lilly, BI. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The strength functions of the isoscalar giant resonance monopole resonance andgiant quardropole resonance in ~(40)Ca are calculated by coupling the 1p-1b states to 2p-2hstates. The results can explain the recent experimental data.


Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a major concern among endurance athletes and is a leading cause in preventing them to perform for long periods. Intermittent exposure to hypoxia has been shown to be an effective way of improving performance without exercising. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate intermittent hypoxia–hyperoxia training combined with light exercise as an intervention to facilitate athletes with OTS to restore their usual performance level. Thirty‐four track and field athletes were recruited: 15 athletes with OTS volunteered to participate and undertook a conditioning programme consisting of repeated exposures to hypoxia (O2 at 10%) and hyperoxia (O2 at 30%) (6–8 cycles, total time 45 min–1 h), three times a week, delivered 1·5–2 h after a low‐intensity exercise session (2 bouts of 30 min, running at 50% of VO2max with 10 min rest between bouts) over 4 weeks. Nineteen healthy track and field athletes volunteered to participate as a control group and followed their usual training schedule. Measurements before and after the intervention included exercise capacity, analysis of heart rate variability and hematological parameters. In athletes with OTS, a 4‐week light exercise combined with intermittent hypoxia–hyperoxia training improved exercise performance (191·9 ± 26·9 W versus 170·8 ± 44·8 W in exercise capacity test, P = 0·01). Heart rate variability analysis revealed an improved sympatho‐parasympathetic index (low frequency/high frequency ratio, 8·01 ± 7·51 before and 1·45 ± 1·71 after, P = 0·007). Hematological parameters were unchanged. Our pilot study showed that intermittent hypoxia–hyperoxia training and low‐intensity exercise can facilitate functional recovery among athletes with OTS in a relatively short time.


Purpose: Although Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) have implicated several genes in predisposition to dyslipidemia in Caucasians, the genes that confer susceptibility to this condition in Japanese individuals remain to be identified definitively. We previously showed that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of the butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 gene (BTN2A1) was significantly associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese by a GWAS. Given that dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, we hypothesized that the association of rs6929846 of BTN2A1 with myocardial infarction might be attributable, at least in part, to its effect on genetic susceptibility to dyslipidemia. The purpose of the present study was to examine a possible association of rs6929846 of BTN2A1 with dyslipidemia in community-dwelling Japanese individuals.

Methods: Study subjects comprised 5958 community-dwelling individuals (2909 subjects with dyslipidemia and 3049 controls) who were recruited to a population-based cohort study in Inabe City, Japan between 2003 and 2012. The Inabe Study is a longitudinal genetic epidemiological study of atherosclerotic, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Dyslipidemia was defined as a serum triglyceride of ≥1.65 mmol/L, a serum HDL-cholesterol of <1.04 mmol/L, or a serum LDL-cholesterol of ≥3.64 mmol/L.

Results: Comparisons of allele frequencies or genotype distributions by the chi-square test revealed that the rs6929846 of BTN2A1 were significantly (allele, P = 0.0004; genotype, P = 0.0020) associated with dyslipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus revealed that the rs6929846 of BTN2A1 was significantly (dominant model; P = 0.0002; odds ratio, 1.29) associated with dyslipidemia, with the minor T allele representing a risk for this condition. Among all individuals, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (P = 0.0006), triglycerides (P = 0.0243), and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.0016) were significantly greater for individuals in the combined group of CT and TT genotypes (total cholesterol, 5.29±0.86 mmol/L; triglycerides, 1.28±0.84 mmol/L; LDL-cholesterol, 3.31±0.81 mmol/L; means ± SD) than for those with the CC genotype (total cholesterol, 5.17±0.85; triglycerides, 1.22±0.85; LDL-cholesterol, 3.22±0.82).

Conclusions: BTN2A1 may be a susceptibility gene for dyslipidemia in Japanese individuals. Determination of genotype for rs6929846 may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk for dyslipidemia in Japanese.


Wastewater management has been one of the significant environmental concerns in the recent years. Organic material and heavy metal residues are among the contaminants of concern in wastewater and are spreading throughout the world along with the industrial progress. The use of microbes for the pollutant removal was a favourable alternative to conventional techniques. The aims of this study was (i) to identify bacterium JA based on 16S rRNA analysis, (ii) investigate the degree of bacterium JA tolerance towards various heavy metals (cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese and aluminium) and (iii) screen the ability of bacterium JA to utilize several selected compounds (glucose, glycerol, benzene, kerosene, sulfanilic acid and casamino acid) as the sole carbon and/or nitrogen source. Based on 16S rRNA analysis results, this bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus sp. In the heavy metals tolerance experiments, the maximum tolerance concentration of CuCl, ZnSO4, CoSO4 and AlK(SO4)2 in Bacillus sp. was 100mg/L, 100mg/L, 40mg/L and 500mg/L, respectively. In medium containing 100 mg/L of heavy metals (CuCl, ZnSO4, CoSO4, MnCl2, and AlK(SO4)2), the growth rate (µ) of Bacillus sp. was 0.497 h-1, 0.529h-1, 0.093h-1, 0.138 h-1, and 0.303 h-1 respectively, which clearly showed that cobalt had the highest growth inhibitory effect to Bacillus sp. From the carbon utilization tests, glucose and glycerol were the preferred growth substrates, where glycerol was observed to give the highest absorbance value (OD600=0.456) at 48 hours of incubation. No observable growth was seen when kerosene or benzene was supplied as the sole carbon source. Both sulfanilic acid (SA) and casamino acid (CA) were found independently to be used as sole nitrogen source, with CA was found to be a better source for the purpose of promoting the growth of Bacillus sp. No significant growth was observed when CA and SA were provided as carbon or carbon and nitrogen source.


In the framework of CAMP and OECD/NEA ROSA projects a broad analysis of Lower Head SBLOCA with High Pressure Safety Injection (HPSI) unavailable in a Westinghouse PWR has been performed. The simulations have been performed with TRACE 5 patch1 and the selected methodology has been the Integrated Safety Assessment (ISA) methodology, developed by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), which allows obtaining the damage domain as a function of the operator actuation times. The objective of this work is to find the available time for accident management actions by means of ISA methodology. The main conclusions are that present emergency operating procedures are adequate for this kind of sequences and there is not necessary to modify them and also that, the ISA methodology is adequate to analyze safety issues that include time delays uncertainties.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of an early childhood environmental education program developed on the basis of relationships among preschoolers' knowledge, emotional attitude, and perceived behavior control of environmental pollution on their knowledge, emotional attitude, perceived behavior control, and behavioral intention. A total of 146 five-year-old preschoolers from eight child-care centers in Seoul and Kyoungki Province participated in this study. The following are the main results of this study. first, the higher the level of knowledge the preschoolers had, the more negative emotional attitude they displayed. Furthermore, the more negative emotional attitude they displayed, the higher the level of perceived behavior control they had. On the contrary, the relationships between knowledge and perceived behavior control varied with exposure situation to environmental pollution. Second, after the environmental education program was administered to the experimental group, the preschoolers from experimental group exhibited more knowledge, more negative emotional attitude, higher perceived behavior control and more active behavioral intention towards environmental pollution than those in the control group.


Sleep is a basic human need. It is a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness. Although the exact function of sleep is unclear, people spend one third of their lives asleep.Proper sleep is important to health as good nutrition. Sleep is required for many reasons: to rest mind and body, to prevent fatigue, to conserve energy, to cope with daily stress. Inadequate amount of sleep decreases the concentration, ability to make judgment, and increases irritability. It promotes proper day time functioning.When people are admitted to the hospitals several things change for example, ordinary daily routines are disrupted by a hospital admission which includes eating habits, elimination pattern and also the sleep-wake pattern.Some commonly seen sleep disturbing factors in the hospitals can be broadly classified into three categories. Environmental factors such as noises made by machines, door footsteps of visitors, very bright or dim light in the rooms.Physical Factors such as physical pain, nausea, coughing, difficulty in breathing, ways of drug administration. Psychological factors such as change in environment, financial burden, care of family members at home, outcome of the disease, fear of death etc. Nurses , because of their 24-hour contact with patients is in the best position to recognize and resolve or alleviate these sleep problems.There are some of the strategies that can be used by nurses to eliminate such factors and promote healthy sleep included in the present article.


The image of Wilfred Owen as ―fragile and luminous‖ grown ―by pain and labour‖ ( Contemporary Verse 250) that the poets of the thirties adore and the Second World War poet ―conscious of his desires and needs and flesh that rise and fall‖ lampoons as ―poor bare forked animal,‖ ―a machinery of death and slavery‖ (CV ) and ―forgets ... his hatred of war‖ has been steadily revivified by Sidney Keyes, the heroic war poet, ―those cries and wings surprise our surest act‖ (Modern Verse 421). Keyes celebrates the sensibility of Owen amidst the poets of insensitivity:


Abstract Politico-institutional factors influence the choice of legal basis provisions and legal basis litigation. This is particularly true in the area of security policies where, due to their cross-pillar or inter-pillar nature, the 'choice of legal basis' often entails a 'choice of pillar'. This chapter analyses the legal rules governing the relationships between pillars in the context of security policies, and assesses the impact of politico-institutional factors in this respect. The analysis shows that the pillar structure is liable to widen the margin of discretion that political institutions enjoy as to the choice of legal basis and instruments. The rules on inter-pillar relationships are, in their interpretation and application, subject to a certain degree of flexibility. In some cases, the Council and the member states try to preserve national prerogatives and, therefore, to limit the scope of EC competences and the role of supranational institutions. In others, they resort to flexible interpretations of legal rules for bringing security issues within the first pillar. However, the article points out that the discretion enjoyed by political institutions (especially the Council) is not unlimited. While issues concerning the 'choice of pillar' have not emerged so far in the context of Common Foreign Security Policy–Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters relationships, the situation is likely to change due to some elements stemming from the SEGI case law. The main limitation, in any case, flows from Article 47 EU. This provision seems to enshrine a prevalence of the first pillar over the others. However, the effectiveness of such constraints depends in the end on the European Court of Justice (ECJ), which, representing a judicial body aware of political concerns, tends to play a well-balanced role.


China's rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes in the countryside to urban areas in search of higher wages. It is estimated that there are more than 60 million "left-behind children" (LBC) remaining in the countryside after their parents migrate, typically living with surrogate caregivers. Extensive research has focused on the impact of parental out-migration on children's mental health, but less attention has been paid to the effects of parental return-migration. The present paper examines the changes in mental health before and after the parents of fourth and fifth grade students out-migrate or return-migrate. We draw on a panel dataset collected by the authors of more than 19000 students from 252 rural primary schools in northwestern China. Using DID and propensity score matching approaches, our results indicate that parental out-migration has a significant negative impact on the mental health of LBC, as they tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. However, we find that parental return-migration has no significant effect on the mental health of LBC.


According to the type of user,Hainan international tourist island geographic information common platform can be classified as office platform and public platform.Actually,their general structure,function and key technology are the same basically.At first,this paper briefly introduced the general structure and two specially designed functions.And then it elaborated several key technologies of common platform.


Current research aimed to investigate the effects of consumer perception and product attribute, both simultaneously and partially, on consumer behavior of halal products. This research involved respondents namely female students of management department, Faculty of Economics, Ahmad Dahlan University (the students used both decorative and threatment cosmetics). Researcher used simple random sampling, and the tools used in the current research was mutiple regression analysis, F test, t test, and chi-square test. The result showed that there were no significant effect of consumer perception and product attribute simultaneously on consumer behavior of halal products.


Introduction: Currently, the maneuver of increasing induced expiratory flow (IEF) has been described as an important support for treating peripheral hypoxemia (O2 desaturation) in children with respiratory diseases, especially in acute bronchiolitis (BC). Objectives: To analyze the acute effects of the use of the IEF maneuver on hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters in children with BC. Methods: This was an experimental study type pre-test post-test that included 83 children of both sexes, aged (±3 months) and diagnosed with BC, which were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (CON, N = 41) and the study group treated with the IEF maneuver (IEF, N = 42). The treatment protocol consisted of nebulization (NBZ) of bronchodilator (β2) followed by the IEF maneuver in the treated group, and only NBZ-β2 in the control group. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2) were monitored (DX-210, DIXTAL®). The parameters were recorded at four stages, two times before the interventions and two times after the interventions. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test for comparison between groups at the four stages. Results: In the group treated with IEF there was an increase (P < 0.01) in SpO2 values , without significant changes in MAP, HR and RR. Also in the CON group, no changes were observed in hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters. Conclusions: The IEF reduced peripheral hypoxemia without changing vital signs, regardless of the use of NBZ-β2, which showed that the maneuver was effective for peripheral O2 desaturation in children with BC.


Omega-3 index is a relatively new objective indicator estimating the intake of ω-3 poly- unsaturated fatty acids,defined as the sum of two major polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid( EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid( DHA) expressed as a percentage of the total fatty acids in red blood cell membranes. This review will discuss about erythrocyte ω-3 index distribution characteristics in the population,influencing factors,clinical application,testing advantages and testing methods.


ABSTRACT Bacterial strains with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation potential were isolated from waste yard soil samples of selected industrial sites in Uttarakhand, India, and two microbial consortia were developed, i.e. Consortium I comprises Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb10, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb11 and Bacillus sp. strain Rb18, and Consortium II is composed of Lysinibacillus sp. strain Rb1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb13 and Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb19. The current study involved enrichment selection via liquid and semi-solid media, followed by isolation and screening of bacterial strains using PHB pellets and films. Furthermore, the identification and characterisation was done by triphasic approach. The utilisation of PHB by the characterised strains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of solubilised PHB was found to be 2.5 mg/mL, which was detected through 'clear zone assay'. Further, the selection and biocompatibility testing of potential isolates were performed for the formation of bacterial consortia. Thus, the present work would provide direct and standardised protocol for screening and selection of potential microbiomes for biodegradation of polymers by overcoming the negative effect of organic solvents. Moreover, indigenously developed consortia would be evaluated for their in situ biodegradation potential against various bioplastic films.


The burning number of a graph models the rate at which a disease, information, or other externality can propagate across a network. The burning number is known to be NP-hard even for a tree. Herein, we define a relative of the burning number that we coin the contagion number (CN). We aver that the CN is a better metric to model disease spread than the burning number as it only counts first time infections (i.e., constrains a node from getting the same disease/same variant/same alarm more than once). This is important because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that COVID-19 reinfections are rare. This paper delineates a method to solve for the contagion number of any tree, in polynomial time, which addresses how fast a disease could spread (i.e., a worst-cast analysis) and then employs simulation to determine the average contagion number (ACN) (i.e., a most-likely analysis) of how fast a disease would spread. The latter is analyzed on scale-free graphs, which are used to model human social networks generated through a preferential attachment mechanism. With CN differing across network structures and almost identical to ACN, our findings advance disease spread understanding and reveal the importance of network structure. In a borderless world without replete resources, understanding disease spread can do much to inform public policy and managerial decision makers' allocation decisions. Furthermore, our direct interactions with supply chain executives at two COVID-19 vaccine developers provided practical grounding on what the results suggest for achieving social welfare objectives.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: procedure of continuous forming travelling web (3) with defect-free circuit elements consists in at least partial separation of circuit element (2) form travelling web (3). Defect circuit element (2) at least partially is removed. Defect-free circuit element (2) is repeatedly applied on travelling web (3) with a set off and removed circuit element (2) is replaced with operable circuit element (2). Device (1) for continuous rejection of defect circuit elements consists of control instrument (10) for detection of defect circuit elements and of a receiving device for reception of rejected defect circuit elements (2). The device is equipped with at least one mechanism for at least partial separation of each circuit element (2) from travelling web (3) and for its application on travelling web (3) with set-off relative to its former position. The device consists of at least one mechanism for selection (40) of circuit element (2) determined with control instrument (10) as a defect one. EFFECT: raised reliability of rejection. 18 cl, 4 dwg


Stuart Cunningham's production-house study of Kennedy-Miller's television work since 1984/85 identifies a focus of liveliness and real innovation, in this case a kind of 'genius in the system' both in terms of production structures, philosophies and routines (and commercial successes), and in highly individual textual and aesthetic strategies.


The PS defect is obtained by replacing one S atom with one P atom in the wide-bandgap semiconductor MgS. Based on first-principles calculations, the formation energy, defect levels, and electronic structure of the PS defect in different charge states are evaluated. We predict that the neutral PS
 0 and positively charged PS
 +1 are the plausible qubit candidates for the construction of quantum systems, since they maintain the spin conservation during optical excited transition. The zero-phonon line at the PS
 0 and PS
 +1 defects are 0.44 eV and 0.21 eV, respectively, which fall in the infrared band. In addition, the zero-field splitting parameter D of the PS
 +1 with spin-triplet is 2920 MHz, which is in the range of microwave, showing that the PS
 +1 defect can be manipulated by microwave. Finally, the principal values of the hyperfine tensor are examined, it is found that they decay exponentially with the distance from the defect site.


This paper presents the analysis of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of solder ball on a ball grid array (BGA) through digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The assessment of thermal mechanical properties of semiconductor component is a main challenge due to the sensitivity of micro-scale components to heat. However, the CTE analysis of BGA is significant to address the issues of thermal mismatch strains which lead to failure. Meanwhile, the measurement of solder ball heat expansion is in microscale and heated conditions where the traditional method of strain measurements is ineffective. In this analysis, a micro DIC system was used to measure the strain value of solder balls when it was subjected to temperature loading in a heating stage. The actual temperature of the solder ball was measured using a thermocouple inside the heating stage to ensure uniformity of the temperature. The measured strain during the specific temperature was obtained and plotted for CTE using linear analysis. The average value of CTE for the measured solder ball was 27.33 × 106 / oC. The results indicated that the measurement was close to the reference value of solder ball CTE. This analysis provides a reliable analysis of BGA using a developed DIC method.


The abundance of adult Haematobia irritans (L.) emerging from bovine manure was observed in relation to 6 measurable variables. Only a slight increase in frequency of occurrence was noted with increased length of exposure from 2 minutes to 8 hours. It was found that the female horn fly will oviposit at any time of day or night. Seasonal abundance was studied, and a general increase in numbers occurred throughout the summer period. Wind movements averaging 6 miles per hour or more apparently had an adverse effect upon egg deposition. The viscosity of the manure pads as well as their size also had a direct effect upon the numbers of horn flies emerging from them.


Paul his to the Galatians, he wove together many disparate parts of the Hebrew Bible. He alluded to Isaiah's servant songs. He spiritualized the narrative of Hagar and Sarah. He traditions about Abraham, the promises made to him, and the Akedah (the binding of Isaac). This raises the ques-tion regarding how much of Paul's theology, and specifically, his use of Abraham's narrative, was developed solely by Paul and how much was based upon what had already been taught by other Jews? In other words, how much was Paul building upon the foundation of what was already understood by some Jewish teachers, and how much was he creating his own schema? Paul's Negotiation of Abraham in Galatians 3 in the Jewish Context deftly contributes to the body of literature that attempts to answer these questions. It focuses solely on Paul's argument in Galatians 3 about Abraham's faith and justification and compares Paul's line of reasoning with writings from Philo that have not previously been compared to Paul's writings.


On April 21, 1984, for the first time since Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation, the Bangladesh Rifles and India's Border Security Forces exchanged fire for almost a whole day. Such an event would have been unimaginable until recently. By itself this was not an occurrence of any major military significance. It is what brought this demonstration about that is worthy of study. Behind that lies a complex chain of occurrences, the immediate motivations of which are a compulsive web of domestic politics and governments getting entrapped in their own follies. The specific issue sparking off this exchange was India's decision to start work on a barbed-wire fence along the Assam-Bangladesh border to prevent uncontrolled immigration. This incident occurred at the tri-junction of Bangladesh, Assam, and West Bengal at an otherwise insignificant little hamlet called Satrasal. Barely a kilometer away is an even tinier hamlet by the name of Ramrai Kuti. Had this firing not taken place, these tiny hamlets would no doubt have continued to lead their somnolent existence as they have done for centuries. But these hamlets now focus an issue that has come to a boil. These villages, as indeed many others of a similar kind, lie in the fertile alluvial plains adjoining the mighty Brahmaputra. The Himalayan kingdoms of Bhutan and Nepal, and the youngest state of the Indian Union, Sikkim, join the plains of India rather abruptly. Rivers originating in these mountain fastnesses debouch with youthful abandon. Their rapid descent checked suddenly, they acquire a middle-aged spread, meander lazily, and throw up millions of tons of priceless silt, which over the centuries has turned this entire area into one of the most fertile regions of South Asia, both for plants and for people. A tiny corridor of India, curving like a scythe, is sandwiched between the Himalayas and the


This paper presents a system architecture for future personal communications hardware that is flexible and fully reprogrammable, for ease of adaptation to new standards. It concentrates on receiver technology, dividing the system into two parts-the RF section and the signal processing functions-and considering some of the functions to be performed within the signal processing section, and their computational requirements. >


Ethics is the study of the ethical action in human being. Action-oriented ethics focus on doing the right action or making the right decision when confronted by a moral dilemma. In contrast, virtue ethics holds that morality is more than simply doing the right thing; it concerns the moral agent, not the act that the agent performs. Although virtue ethics provides the foundation for much of the current understanding of ethical action, it is important to remember that action-oriented ethics provides the right answers to many fundamental questions. I would like to integrate the insight of action-oriented ethics in relation to virtue ethics. I will try to offer a closer relation between physics and ethics. Aristotle believed in absolute space. This absolute space can be more closely linked to absolute ethical norms. However, Newton discovered that there was no unique standard of rest. It meant that one could not determine whether two events that took place at different times occurred in the same position in space. Newton`s laws of motion put and end to the idea of an absolute position in space. Therefore, absolute ethical values can be relativized by Newton`s law of motion. The special theory of relativity gets rid of absolute time. However, space and time were thought of as a arena in which events took place, but which was not affected by what happened in it. In the general theory of relativity, Einstein made the revolutionary suggestion that gravity is not a force like other forces, but rather is a consequence of the fact that space-time is not flat. He stated, instead, that it is curved, or warped by the distribution of mass and energy in it. Space-time was therefore thought as dynamic quantities; when a body moves, or a force acts, it affects the curvature of space-time, and in turn the structure of space-time affects the way in which bodies move and forces act. Space-time not only affects but also is acted upon by everything that happens in the universe. similarly, ethical action also affects curvature of space-time and at the same time the structure of space-time affects ethical action. Just as it is curved by the distribution of mass and energy, space-time is warped by character and virtue of moral agent. Conversely character and virtue of moral agent also affect space-time. I think that space-time should be regarded as a major variable in ethics.


In this study, the aim was to examine the effect of the question preparation training program that measures higher order thinking skills on the self-efficacy of science teachers. The research is in a pre-experimental design model with quantitative origin pre-test/post-test application. The example of the study comprises of 25 science teachers working in public middle schools in Çorum. "Question Developing Self-Efficacy Scale Measuring High Level Learning Level of Science Teachers" was used as data collection tool. Descriptive analysis, difference analysis and effect size analysis were used in the assessment of the data. The t-test for dependent samples were employed to compare the teachers' self-efficacy before the application and their self-efficacy at the end of the application. With the research, it was confirmed that the applied training program significantly increased teachers' self-efficacy in preparing questions measuring higher order skills. Herewith, multifarious proposals were made, like turning the training program into a book, and arranging the content of the in-service training programs by considering the items with low item averages.


I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Alexander V. Usynin entitled "A Generic Prognostic Framework for Remaining Usefu l Life Prediction of Complex Engineering Systems." I have examined the final ele ctronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy , with a major in Nuclear Engineering.


Elevated rates of substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly (but not only) alcohol use, are observed among post‐weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. The development of SUDs among post‐WLS patients typically occurs 1–2 years post‐surgery. Post‐WLS patients are developing SUD at a much later time of life than is typical of SUDs in the general population, suggesting they constitute a distinct SUD phenotype that is directly related to having undergone WLS.


Antipsychotic medications, including atypical antipsychotics (AA), are widely prescribed and are associated with significant cardiometabolic side effects. It has been known for some time that AA cause drug-induced tachycardia, weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, and AA use in older adults is associated with increased risk of mortality, largely due to MI or stroke. The pharmacological mechanisms underlying these diverse adverse events are largely unknown. AA drugs are also associated with increased risk of infections, in patients across age ranges and regardless of diagnosis. Emerging evidence indicates that AA medications may have anti-inflammatory and immune dysregulatory properties, which may contribute to medication efficacy for schizophrenia and psychosis and increase susceptibility to infection. The role of antipsychotics in modulating the cardio-immune axis is largely unknown. In this review, we will highlight new data which shed light on potential mechanisms and implications for prescribing and patient care.


To analyze the adrenergic responses and to compare them between hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) and end‐systolic wall stress (ESS) were measured by echocardiography and the inotropic response to the infusion of isoproterenol (0.02 μg/kg/min for 5 min) was studied in 25 hypertensive patients without LVH [H(‐)] and 30 hypertensive patients with LVH [H(+)]. LVH was determined by echocardiography. Age, gender, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, LV end‐systolic and end‐diastolic diameters, and FS were matched between the groups. The tests were performed before introduction of antihypertensi ve treatment or 4 weeks after its discontinuation. ESS showed a significant inverse linear relation with FS in all the subjects before isoproterenol infusion. The inotropic response to isoproterenol was measured as the increase of FS corrected for the decrease of ESS (ΔFS/‐ΔESS), that is, the slope of the change of the relation between FS and ESS. The change in ΔFS/‐ΔESS was significantly smaller (0.49 ± 0.15 cm2/g, mean ± SD) in H(−) than in H(+) patients (1.01 ± 0.57 cm2/g) (p < 0.001). It is concluded that, compared with the H(+) group, adrenergic response is depressed in H (−) patients. This depression might be etioloically related to the phenomenon that LVH did not develop in the H(−) group in spite of the same level of pressure load as in the H(+) group.


Human resource management has ethics attribute. Library's human res ource management should be based on the ethics. Library should strengthen the co nstruction of the ethics, actively exert the function of ethics of human resourc e management, and realize the maximum of the benefit of human resource managemen t.


Providing family care for a loved one you're at odds with can be extremely challenging. Independence-4-Seniors Home Care's Hinsdale in home care experts share helpful tips to let go of past hurts in order to provide compassionate care.


We have analyzed the inquiry context and terms in inquiry area of the material field in the 7th secondary science textbooks in order to confirm suitable adaptation and reflection of the 7th science curriculum. The results are as follows. The analysis of the inquiry context for the middle school science books shows that scientific context is most significant for all grades, but the relative ratio of the contexts for the personal, social, and technical is higher at the 8th grade than the 7th grade or the 9th grade. This leads to the necessity of introducing STS approaching in guiding the 8th grade students during their inquiry learning. The comparative analysis of the inquiry context for the high school chem-


Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which are solely composed of ions and have melting points below 100 °C, have environmental ly fr iendly properties, such as that they are practically nonvolatile and non-flammable. Thus, RTILs have attracted attention as the alternative to volatile organic solvents. In addition, they are expected to be superior materials for electrochemical devices with high-energy density due to their high conductivity and wide electrochemical window [1]. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of fundamental science, the understanding of structure and dynamics is still insufficient, although the studies on their physics and chemistry have been rapidly in progress. It is thus necessary to reveal the liquid structure at a molecular level. X-ray diffraction is an essential tool to probe atomic arrangements in l iquid and amorphous materials. However, i t is not easy to reveal complicated structures in RTILs with enough realspace resolution using low energy X-rays from conventional X-ray sources. In fact, little has been published on the RTILs study by X-ray diffraction [2]. A high-energy X-ray diffraction experiment (HEXRD) covering a wide scattering vector and thus achieving high real-space resolution is one of the solutions to overcoming the problem [3]. Moreover, one can extract chemically valuable atom-atom correlations from the experimental correlation function with the aid of reliable molecular simulations [4]. It is also necessary to clarify in advance the flexibility of the ions [5]. We demonstrated the liquid structure of typical RTILs, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide EMI+TFSA– and N-propyl-N-methylpyrrol idinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide P13TFSA (Fig. 1) as revealed by a combination of HEXRD experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The HEXRD experiments were carried out at BL04B2. Observed total X-ray interference functions i HEXRD (s) for the respective ionic liquids are shown in Fig. 2. The total X-ray interference functions can be expressed as the sum of the intra-molecular i HEXRD intra (s) and the inter-molecular X-ray interference functions i HEXRD inter (s); i HEXRD (s) = i HEXRD intra (s) + i HEXRD inter (s) . i HEXRD intra (s) can be estimated by knowing appropriate geometries and distributions of the conformational isomers of the ions (see Ref. [5]). By subtracting thus estimated i HEXRD intra (s) from i (s), i HEXRD inter (s) was evaluated and Fourier transformed to yield the inter-molecular correlation function G HEXRD inter (r). As shown in Fig. 2, G HEXRD inter (r) for both ionic liquids shows bumps around 3.4 Å ascribable to the first neighbor atom-atom correlations (except proton) between cation and anion. It should be noted that G HEXRD inter (r) for the EMI+TFSA– appears on the evidently shorter side relative to that for the P13TFSA. This fact suggests that the intermolecular interaction between EMI+–TFSA– is stronger than that between P13–TFSA. More favorable ion-ion interaction in the imidazolium ionic liquids relative to the pyrrolidinium ones has been proposed in terms of dynamics by Watanabe et al. [6]. HEXRD provides the direct structural evidence for this at a molecular level. Total X-ray interference functions derived from the simulations i (s) for both ionic liquids are also shown in Fig. 2. The interference functions are in good agreement with experimental ones, indicating that the liquid structure can be satisfactorily reproduced by simulations. X-ray weighted inter-molecular pair correlations derived from simulations G MD inter(r) are EMI+ non planar


The idea of applying the magnetoresistive sensors (MR) for eddy current non-destructive testing (EC NDT) is presented. The probe for EC NDT with MR [1, 2] is described. Results of thick aluminum and steel plates testing are presented.


On August 31, 1794, the Grenelle gunpowder factory (Paris) exploded, causing more than 1,000 casualties. On October 15, 1810, the decree on dangerous and harmful factories was enacted. This chronological proximity has led some authors to write that industrial risks regulation was a consequence of this disaster. This idea was reinforced after the AZF factory explosion in Toulouse in 2001 and the subsequent implementation plans for prevention of technological risks in 2003. However, a sharper analysis of both the plant operations and the subsequent regulation shows a disconnect between this industrial accident and the 1810 decree. The gunpowder factory was exceptional in several respects: it was located within Paris with a concentration of more than 1,000 workers and its production processes were dictated by the imperatives of the patriotic mobilization of the revolutionary government. Besides, after the fever pitch of An II, the designers of the gunpowder factory succeeded in clearing their name. So, the explosion did not have any impact on the law. Ironically, it was Chaptal, the former manager of the gunpowder factory, who was behind the development of the industrial risks regulation of the State. Being a statesman and having established a chemical plant producing industrial pollution, Chaptal combined science and National Interest in the development of an industrial economic project. While overshadowing the 1794 disaster, he designed rules favorable to industrial interests and introducing the acceptance of industrial risks in society.


Effects of fog condensation and fine dust on the high-voltage insulator surface are harmful. The insulator housing material (silicone rubber) must be changed in order to allow a controlled leakage current to flow on the surface and causes Joule heating effect. Accordingly, surface temperature of the insulator is increased and fog condensation on the insulator surface is prevented. For this purpose, silicone rubber - multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites (SRCNT) were prepared using two different processes: a solution-blending (SB) method and a dry-state of melt-blending (MB) method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images indicated that the MWCNT dispersion in silicone rubber matrix of SRCNT samples produced by SB method is much better than that of MB method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy determined the possibility of a greater reduction in hydrophobicity properties in the sample prepared by the SB method compared to the sample made by the MB method, and the contact angle measurements confirmed this expectation. Furthermore, in a same MWCNT concentration, the electrical conductivity of SRCNT samples prepared by SB method are greater than those produced by MB method. Results showed that MB is a high efficient method for producing the SRCNT in a large amount.


Deep learning is a high-level learning approach,which is based on understanding,deeply exploring,seeking the meaning,putting the learning into practice and paying attention to rethinking.Compared with surface learning approach,which relying on memory and regarding memory as the ultimate aim,deep learning helps students acquire better results and it is an indispensable learning approach for students to gain the abilities of learning,practicing and innovation.The evaluation system of college has great influence on students ' learning approach.But the current academic evaluation system of our country encourages students to adopt surface learning approach.Therefore,it is necessary to reform the academic evaluation system of college and encourage students to transform learning approach from surface learning to deep learning.


Exploring Twentieth Century Vocal Music is a unique people centred book designed to aid singers and voice teachers to discover and decipher the innovative repertoire of the twentieth century. The book familiarizes the reader with new notation systems employed by some contemporary composers. It suggest rehearsal techniques and vocal exercises that will help singers prepare to tackle the repertoire. And the book offers a list of the most important and interesting works to emerge in the twentieth century, along with suggested recital programmes that will introduce audiences as well as singers to this under - explored body of music.


We report a chemoselective and site-selective approach that distinguishes one Lys from its multiple copies, N-terminus, and other competitors. The phospha-Mannich protocol works with multiple proteins and installs probes without structural and functional perturbations. It delivers an antibody-drug conjugate with selective anti-proliferative activity towards HER2 expressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells.


This paper takes as the point of departure the book The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre written originally in French by Tzvetan Todorov in 1970. It deals, therefore, with the concept of the literary genres according to the Bulgarian author and, within them, the category of the fantastic, a genre in itself. Angela Cárter with her work The Bloody Chamber will be analysed from this perspective, and we will try to discover if this coUection of stories could be considerad an example of the marvellous (spelt 'marvelous' in the English versión translated by Richard Howard) and, consequently, a variety of the fantastic.


Unlike other apes, humans depend on their parents for a long period after weaning. But when--and why--did our long childhood evolve?


KHSO 4 was prepared along with hydrochloric acid by KCl reacted with sulfuric acid.The N,P 2O 5,K 2O non-chloride tri-compound fertilizer was obtained by reacftion of KHSO 4 with NH 4HCO 3 first to produce K(NH 4)SO 4,which was then added with (NH 4) 2HPO 4,followed by stirring,concentration and drying.The process is simple,with good comprehensive utilization of raw materials,low production cost and high economic benefit.


In order to understand the two-out-of three DC protecton logic in Guizhou - Guangdong and Tianshengqiao - Guangzhou HVDC Projects so deeply that certain reference is possible for the redundance design and operation of DC protection systems, this paper compares two cases of the logic system in these projects in terms of principle and application. The results show that the realization principles of the logic in the two DC protection systems are the same, but the two-out-of three logic configuration in the latter DC protection system is better as the export signal of DC protection is able to realize through the relative export circuit of the pole control system so to maitain the regular service of the DC protection system even when both the two logic sets are off somehow.


The era of globalization brings the consequences of increasing the intensity of social interaction of the world community. One of them can be seen from the increase in foreign students who are studying in Indonesia. This research is about the social adaptation of foreign students at Institut KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto. The purpose of this research is to know how the social adaptation strategy of foreign students at Institut KH Abdul Chalim Mojokerto. This research was conducted on foreign students at Institut K.H Abdul Chalim Mojokerto. This study uses qualitative methods, ie research that relies on data from what is seen in the field or natural settings. The theory used is the social system theory of Talcott Parsons. Data collection is done by direct observation and in-depth interview. Validity of data is done by using triangulation. The results of this study indicate that foreign students have the motivation to continue their education in Indonesia. In this case, foreign students have motivation that can be categorized into two, namely the structural motivation and cultural motivation. Structural motivation, among others, is the political system and state ideology that does not support the development of Islamic culture. Cultural motivation, among others, is to learn, develop and preserve Islamic culture in their home country. Foreign students consider Indonesia as a tolerant country of difference supported by political ideology in view of religious diversity. It supports the community to develop and practice beliefs without fear of being subordinated by the community environment. Nevertheless, foreign students have difficulties in adapting to education in Indonesia, in this case, is divided into two namely the constraints of Malay and Non-Malay students. The existence of obstacles that make foreign students have a strategy in facing the existing constraints both socially and non-socially.


This article introduces a web platform to monitor cargo in containers status in real time using telematics and simulation practices. The platform was the main deliverable of a research project which aimed to strengthen security in the logistics handling procedures in port terminals. A systematic approach has been followed for its development and a pilot test was applied for tracking containers in a main port terminal. Lessons learned from this pilot study are also presented and discussed. According to the results of the pilot study, the proposed platform proved to be a useful tool for management, monitoring of the status and confrontation of security threats events, transforming the container to a "smart" container that uses sensors and systems to track and report data such as contents, unauthorized access, and physical location.


The Dimensions of Security Middle East Political Culture The Arab-Israeli Peace Process Normalisation and Power Water Security Defence Security Towards a Co-operative Approach to Regional Security The Role of External Parties.


Because scores on high-stakes tests influence many decisions, tests need to be secure. Decisions based on scores affected by preknowledge of items are unacceptable. New methods are needed to detect the new cheating strategies used for computer-administered tests because item pools are typically used over time, providing the potential opportunity for test takers to share items with future test takers. Because of the serious ramifications of accusing someone as being a user of item preknowledge (or "cheater"), it may be more useful for operational computer-administered test developers to focus on item security rather than the behavior of individual test takers. This research explores the development and use of a fit index to detect items that have been memorized so that these items may be removed from the item pool, while leaving secure items in the pool. The results from this initial simulation for the developed Bayesian posterior log odds ratio index are promising. It is hoped that this work and future work will enable testing programs to determine more effectively how long to leave an item pool (or specific items) in the field. (Contains four tables, five figures, and five references.) (Author/SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Detecting Items That Have Been Memorized In The Computerized Adaptive Testing Environment Lori D. McLeod Deborah L. Schnipke Law School Admission Council PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN G9ANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) erff.Trs document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, CA, April 19-23, 1999. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Detecting Memorized Items 2


The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling dolls with applicable programs. Through the connection between a handheld device and a doll, the application program of the hand-held device is set to enable an Internet of things wireless module inside the doll to connect with a wireless network base station. Voice messages are transmitted to a cloud server through the application program of the hand-held device. The doll is connected to the cloud corner through the wireless network base station in order to access the voice messages which are broadcasted through a loud-speaking module inside the doll. The method and the device for controlling the dolls with the application programs enable the doll to save the electric energy and to be easy in operation, achieving the function of transmitting information on real time.


This paper analyzes the characteristics of discipline for the quality of editing and publishing journals in local colleges and universities. The disciplines features are the key factors. Editing and publishing journals should be based on discipline characteristics. Local colleges and universities should rely on the features of the Journal for the only road to innovation.


of the body? How might Sabina the stone-worker, perhaps a prematurely aging manumitted slave, and her husband have responded to the hope for survival and the comforting message of endurance Paul holds out? How might Holconius the cabinet-maker and member of what is now a largely Gentile church, have responded to the Jewish heritage the letter puts before its readers? This is an excellent book for postgraduate students and teachers of Paul. The diagrams of the archaeological sites are clear but a sketch map of the larger picture of Pompeii would not have gone amiss. The black and white photographs are very clear: it is only unfortunate that cost did not permit colour.


In Kerala, cassava tubers are mainly used for human consumption whereas in Tamil Nadu, it is for the production of industrial starch and sago. During the extraction of starch from tubers, both small scale and large starch and sago factories are generating on an average about 40-60 tonnes of solid waste (thippi) per annum creating serious environmental pollution. Considering the voluminous quantity of thippi discharged from these industries, we explored the possibility of making some value added organic manures from thippi. Among the various protocols tried, the cheap and traditional way of composting using earthworms gave better result in making it in to a nutrient rich organic manure. It had the highest plant nutrient content with low C:N ratio (8:1). The mean N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content in thippi compost was 1.32, 3.82, 0.40, 2.18, 0.96, 1.11, 0.08%, 11.23 and 89.93 ppm respectively which is 3.5, 49,7, 32.5, 8, 185, 100, 2.5 and 12 times respective of nutrients compared to raw thippi. A study on the mineralization pattern of nutrients from thippi compost under pot incubation for a period of one year indicated the maximum release of almost all nutrients during 5-7 th month. Field experiments conducted for two seasons to study the effect of thippi compost as a substitute to commonly used organic manures and fertilizers including secondary and micronutrients revealed thippi compost as an alternative to FYM, green manuring in situ with cowpea, crop residue incorporation, vermicompost and coir pith compost and even fertilizers up to N @ 50 kg ha -1 , MgSO 4 @ 2.5 kg ha -1 and ZnSO 4 @ 2.5 kg ha -1 .


This chapter examines the important role of freethinking and federal republican publications on the formation of anarchist ideology and social practices. It focuses on the distribution and circulation of Spanish freethinking newspapers in Spanish-speaking progressive and anarchist communities in the United States, presenting a new line of inquiry into Hispanic anarchism and its transnational networks. The freethinking movement that crystalized at the end of the nineteenth century constitutes an excellent example of this confluence of ideas. This movement garnered the sympathies of many republicans, socialists, anarchists, masons, and other dissidents who shared the heterodox theses of its main mouthpiece, the weekly journal Las Dominicales del Libre Pensamiento (The Sunday Supplement of Free Thought). Edited between 1883 and 1909 in Madrid, this paper was well known across Spain.


In this paper we address a preliminary assessment of the aerodynamics and performance effects of a propeller based distributed propulsion that is positioned at the trailing edge of a wing. The proposed layout is a potential candidate for the application of hybrid-electric propulsion in a green aircraft design that is currently being developed in a TU Delft project. Based on experimental results that were obtained earlier during two experimental test campaigns in a low speed windtunnel, a ducted propeller-wing combination, obtained by adding a secondary wing (duct) above the propeller, was investigated and optimized using a Euler based optimization framework. From the provisional results is was found that the ducted propeller positioned close to the trailing edge may beneficially support a high overall propulsion efficiency attaining high system lift to drag values and high propeller efficiency for a typical medium range aircraft when the duct is properly adapted by shape optimization of the secondary wing.


Ixodes Latreille, 1795 is the largest and broadest distributed genus of the family Ixodidae Murray, 1877. Its members are present in all zoogeographic regions, remote islands, and territories close to the poles. Plus, 63 species out of the 244 described have been recorded to feed on humans. Some are mega vectors, as those belonging to Ixodes ricinus-I. persulcatus complex, but others are so poorly studied that their vector role is difficult to access. This is the case of Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936. This species is recorded in Northern Africa and Western Europe, mostly in Mediterranean basin countries, occurring along with other moisture-demanding ticks, as Haemaphysalis spp., I. frontalis , and I. ricinus . In fact, I. ventalloi not only shares vertebrate hosts (including humans) with the latter but may as well play a role in the enzootic cycle of some Ixodes borne agents. This chapter updates information regarding this poorly studied tick, revising the available systematic, ecological, and microbiological data, discussing the potential public health relevance.


Knowledge of the physical properties of liquid iron alloys is important for the of Sound key ultrasonic we developing and improving techniques that enable us to measure sound velocities of liquid iron alloys up to 20 GPa. Here we report newly established techniques for sound velocity measurements of liquid Fe-S up to 15 GPa. High-pressure and high-temperature experiments were conducted at the AR-NE7A beamline at the KEK PF-AR synchrotron facility. High pressure was generated by Kawai-type multi anvil apparatus (MAX-III). High temperature was generated using cylindrical resistive heater made of Al 2 O 3 + TiC composite. The sample was enclosed in a flat-bottomed cylinder container made of BN with a buffer-rod and a backing plate made of sapphire single crystal. We determined the pressure and temperature simultaneously without a thermocouple from the unit-cell volumes of NaCl and MgO by employing their equations of state. Sound velocity was measured by ultrasonic pulse-echo overlap method. The sample melting was identified during the experiments using X-ray diffraction, and was confirmed afterwards from textural observations of the run products. Preliminary results show the error in sound velocity of liquid Fe-S at 15 GPa is approximately 2.5% under good In our


Objective:To study molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) from culex tritaeniorhynchus in Ningbo.Methods:Totally 5400 mosquitoes have been collected from June to September in 2007.JEV in mosquitos were identified by Real-Time PCR,and positive specimens were inoculated to C6/36 monolayer cells to isolate virus.The nucleotide fragment in E gene was amplified for sequencing,and results were analyzed by BIOEDIT and MEGA software.Results:Two strains of Japanese encephalitis virus were isolated from mosquito and both were identified as genotype I.Sequence analysis showed that the amino acid homeology between the two strains of encephalitis virus and the strain of vaccine SA 14-14-2 was 96% and 97%,respectively.Conclusion:Culex Tritaeniorhynchus in Ningbo has genotype I JEV.


Objective To investigate the status of the quality of life(QOL) among the coal miners exposed to dusts in Shanxi province and to discuss the impact factors.Methods Two thousand and three hundred coal miners exposed to dusts were selected from 7 coal mines in Shanxi province through stratified clustered random sampling.SF-36 scale was used to measure the quality of life.Multiple linear stepwise regression was carried out to determine the potential impact factors on QOL by using SAS 9.2 software.Results For the physical health components of QOL,there were 13 influence factors(F=82.50,P0.000 1)including family members,frequency of respiratory symptoms,the degree of fatigue at work and so on.The effect of family members is larger than other factors(b=-0.903,P=0.016 5).And there were 17 predictive factors for the mental health components of QOL(F=63.71,P0.000 1) including frequency of respiratory symptoms,the degree of fatigue at work,the degree of satisfaction about welfare funds and so on.The effect of frequency of respiratory symptoms is larger than other factors(b=-4.739,P0.000 1).Conclusion The influence factors on QOL among coal miners are multi-dimensional.Comprehensive measures should be implemented to improve the QOL among the coal miners.


Objective To compare the initial assessment and management of walk-in emergency department (ED) patients between different types of healthcare providers. Setting A large teaching hospital with an annual ED census of 140 000 adult patients. Methods A random sample of 384 patients who self-presented to the ED was obtained. A detailed analysis of each patient record was performed by two clinicians. Data were obtained on the presenting condition, and disposition of each patient, either into the ED for further assessment, or discharge. Results GPs were significantly more likely to discharge patients home as compared to emergency nurses. ED senior nurses were more likely than GPs to stream patients into the ED for further assessment. Of the patients referred into the ED for further assessment by senior ED nurses, the majority were discharged home. There were insufficient numbers of emergency physician assessments for meaningful statistical analysis. Conclusions The clinician groups studied here demonstrated different patterns of discharge and referral, reflecting their training and experience. When planning operational procedures, the training and background of the staff allocated to each area should be considered.


Abstract The purpose of the study was to verify the hypothesis that there are doses of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) that improve immune defence in chickens without compromising their health. To verify this hypothesis, an attempt was made to determine which doses of Ag-NPs (5 nm) consumed by chickens as a result of administration of hydrocolloids during varying time periods at a concentration of 5 or 10 mg Ag/l stimulate immune defence. The experiment was performed on 296 chickens assigned to 3 treatments. Chickens from the control treatment received drinking water without experimental additives. Chickens from the T-5 and T-10 treatments received a hydrocolloid of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l (treatment T-5) or 10 mg/l (treatment T-10) from their second week of life. Blood for analysis was collected at the age of 42 days from 8 birds per treatment. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), leukocyte count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin IL-6, immunoglobulins IgA, IgY, phagocytic cells (% PC), phagocytic index (PI), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT), and lysozyme content in the blood was determined. Application of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l or 10 mg/l in the dose range of 2.87-12.25 mg/bird (administration of Ag-NPs in concentration 5 mg/l in weeks: 2; 2 and 3; 2 and 4; 2 and 5; 2 and 6 or concentration 10 mg/l in week 2) resulted in an immunostimulatory effect expressed as an increase in heterophil respiratory burst and an increased concentration of lysozyme. Higher doses of Ag-NPs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect, as indicated by elevated levels of IL-6 and ceruloplasmin, as well as a high ESR. They also stimulated B lymphocytes to produce IgA and IgA immunoglobulins.


This article adopts chloroactic acid and sodium carbonate as materials to produce Sodium Chloroacetate,while adjusting pH of Sodium Chloroacetate solution to 8~9 and temperature to 70~75 ℃.Then sodium hyposulfite is added to produce Bunte Salt,and sulfuric acid about 10 percent of weight of reactants for acidification with the condition that the temperature is 80~90 ℃ and the time 80 minutes.After doing it,2 percent of weight of reactants powder zinc is added for reduction with the condition that the temperature is 40~50 ℃ and the time 80 minutes.Rough products needs extraction and distillation.Finally product purity may reach to 98.6 percent and yield of the whole reaction may reach to 89.7 percent.


Modern bicycle computers (actually electronic bicycle speedometers) display the current speed of the bicycle, but don't record the data so that a history of the motion can be investigated later. Euler et al.1 devised a method using an ordinary cassette audiotape recorder to store up to two hours of speed data. This paper describes another method employing the LabPro6 interface that was used to capture a record of the speed of a bicycle coasting to a stop.


Modular system for the construction of a chassis (2) for commercial vehicles, with the following characteristics: - each carriage (2) has a central support (4), - the centrally extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction, - is designed as a box-shaped closed hollow profile, - in which a drive train (5) of the utility vehicle (1) with the internal combustion engine (6), gear (7) and drive shaft (8) is housed, - on the guided and unguided axes (11, 12) are mounted, - on the side pods are fixed (16 to 23), - for attachment to the central support (4) several different side pods are provided, which can be selected depending on the desired utility vehicle type and the central support (4) can be fastened, and at least one of the following features: - Commercial vehicle types having different vehicle width central support point (4) of equal width (42) in which side pods of different widths are attached, - commercial vehicle types different vehicle weight have central support (4) of the same height (43) and / or width ...


Currently the information system has become a basic requirement for the company, especially in various aspects of corporate activities, one aspect of the activity is the relationship outside the company environment. Information Systems with Information Technology serves as a tool in making business decisions on various functions and managerial rankings, because the ability of information systems can reduce uncertainty. A good information system can create good external corporate relationships as well. External relationships are outside the body of an organization or an individual. External value is expressed as part of the needs of the company or individual. The importance of the effect of external environmental relations on a company by considering the elements and forces of the external environment in each of its activities, in order to identify, analyze, evaluate, diagnose and react to external environmental forces, which may affect the activities of the organization. Without outside public support, as well as information systems that serve as a tool in making business decisions on various functions and managerial rankings, the success of an organization / company will be difficult to achieve. Keywords: information system needs, external relations, outside support


High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) with ECD, NFID and MSD is a very efficient determination method for pesticides in water. Because of their relatively low concentrations in aquatic systems enrichment and preconcentration procedures are essential. Some examples for pesticide determination by GC methods are given. Potentials and limitations of HRGC for pesticide analysis are also discussed. An extensive pesticide analysis in water has to include different methods like HRGC, HPLC and GC/MS.


During the time of the 2005 riots, Didier Fassin carried out an ethnographic study in one of the largest precincts in the Paris region, sharing the life of a police station and cruising with the patrols, in particular the dreaded anti–crime squads. This account of contemporary urban policing aims to show that, instead of enforcing the law, the police are engaged in the task of enforcing an unequal social order in the name of public security. Enforcing Order is an intriguing read, not least for what it reveals about the politics of law and order, and of policing, in France in recent times. It also offers interesting insights into French social science and criminology, writes Tim Newburn.


A teacher's primary responsibility is the academic skill development of students. However, as detailed in this study, high school students report that they are more likely to reach out to teachers for college guidance than any other adults. Thus, teachers are uniquely positioned as "institutional agents" for students interested in college (StantonSalazar, 1997, 2011), but they often lack the training and time to confidently provide college guidance. This mixed-methods study analyzed survey data from students and teachers and interviews with administrators and college counselors to investigate factors that increase the likelihood that teachers support students in navigating collegegoing processes.


Instant controlled pressure drop, also known as DIC, is one of the drying techniques that has been used for texturing, extracting and drying various food products. Mathematical model has been used to explain the drying process, although most of the studies focused on the statistical regression model approach. Due to the limitations of regression model, which neglects the fundamental of dehydration process, t his paper presents the development of mathematical models to detect, solve and visualize the three-dimensional (3D) heat and mass transfer in DIC drying process. Finite Difference Method (FDM) with central difference formula is used to discretize the mathematical models. A large sparse of system of linear equation (SLE), which represents the actual drying process, is solved by using some numerical methods, such as Jacobi (JB), Red Black Gauss Seidel (RBGS), Alternating Group Explicit with Douglas (AGED) and Brian (AGEB) methods. Based on the numerical results, high execution time and high computational complexity have been shown. In order to reduce the execution time and computational complexity, the parallel algorithm based on domain decomposition technique has been implemented on the MATLAB Distributed Computing Server (MDCS). The parallel algorithm of the numerical methods was evaluated and compared based on the parallel performance metrics:  execution time, speed up, efficiency, effectiveness, temporal performance and granularity. From the parallel performance metrics, it was found that the PAGEB approach had better performance, followed by PAGED, PRBGS and PJB methods.


This paper presents a method to resolve multiple jammers within the mainlobe of a passive monopulse radar. First, monopulse radar response to frequency-modulated noise jammers is discussed. By selecting receiver bandwidth properly jamming pulses (receiver output) are separated. Then instantaneous angles of arrival of the jammers are measured. Finally, these angles can be resolved by a statistical method. The method is verified with the results of digital computer simulation.