Objective:To investigate the humanistic quality of the nursing students in the education of corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, improve the effectiveness of the quality education of nursing students in humanities.Methods:600 students,randomly selected from Grade 1-4 students in the nursing department of a medical college,were conducted a questionnaire survey,which is prepared by their own.The survey has two sections:view of deficiency in human quality education and nursing undergraduate nursing students.The investigation was conducted under instructions of the professional training investigators.Results:73.7% of the students after the humanistic quality education obtained the corresponding value under the existing educational resources, but the other 26.7% of students did not.It showed the quality of humanities education still can not meet the needs of students.The results indicated humanistic quality education in schools was unsatisfactory from the curriculum and teaching content.Conclusion:Schools should make full use of resources to develop appropriate strategies and improve the human qualities of the nursing students,thus carry forward the spirit of the Medical Humanities.


This March 2021 issue (Vol. 29, No. 1) of CIT. Journal of Computing and Information Technology brings four papers from the areas of security and privacy, interactive learning environments, modeling and simulation, and natural language processing.


We prove that after the transformation (q,p) to ( lambda q, lambda p), where 0< lambda <1, every Husimi function with appropriate renormalization remains in the class of Husimi distributions. We discuss some implications of this fact on the problem of the phase distribution of a quantum state. We show that Wigner and P functions do not have this property.


The Russian-Kazakh border zone is a region that has a common historical, geographical, ethnic and economic space. The course on the achievement of the conjugacy of the development of the EurasianEconomic Union and the formation of the Economic belt of the Silk Road creates prerequisites for crossborder integration of the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. All this givesgrounds for a more detailed consideration of the Russian-Kazakhstan integration processes. The study of the current state of the population in the borderland makes it possible to assess the prospects of demographic processes on both sides of the state border and the geopolitical consequences of the dynamics of population change. Article is intended to provide a demographic profile of the population in thenorth-western Kazakh-Russian border area for 1991-2016. To determine the specifics of demographic processes in regional border areas, a statistical method of investigation was used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the Russian border zone the population exceeds the population in the Kazakh border area by 5 times. However, natural growth is negative in the Russian border zone, while in Kazakhstan it is positive. The demographic situation in the studied regions of the Russian-Kazakh borderland reflects the contradictions of the transition period.


A quick look through the Wardrobe and into the Shadowlands... Books about and on the Lord of the Rings series


Income through the national Air Cargo Carriers is one of the best ways to boost up the economy of the country but in India, most of the cargos are being carried by Foreign Cargo Carriers, causing an impact in the economy. This paper shows a comparison the business done by Foreign Cargo Carriers against the Indian Cargo Carriers, the factors affecting the sustainability of Indian Cargo Carriers, the impact made in the Indian Economy and recommendations to revive the Indian Cargo Carriers and profiting the Indian Economy.


The purpose of this research is to develop interactive learning tools for independent learning based on CBI (Computer Based Instruction) on the material of the solar system at Junior High School 7 Tangerang and to find out the feasibility of interactive learning devices with Computer Based Instruction. This research is useful for developing interactive learning tools whose usefulness can help students learn the material of the solar system better. This research is a research development (R&D) adapted from the ADDIE development model, but it is only implemented until the development stage. The feasibility assessment was carried out by two materials experts, two media experts, two learning experts and one science subject teacher. The data collection used a questionnaire distribution, descriptive quantitative, and qualitative method. The results obtained from this research are the average validation score: 4.52 (very feasible) from material experts, 4.56 (very feasible) from media experts and 4.27 (very feasible) from learning experts and the total average validation result is 4.45 with very feasible category. So, with a Computer Based Instruction (CBI) based learning devices on the material of the solar system for 8th grade Junior high school, it is feasible to use as a learning device


Free-standing one-dimensional (1D) wires, two-dimensional (2D) platelets (triangular and hexagonal in shape) of iridium (Ir) and iridium dioxide (IrO2) with open-ends and flower-like structures have been prepared successfully in the absence of a catalyst or template by a simple annealing process. This paper describes the first examples of the growth of 1D Ir wires and 2D Ir platelets. The Ir wires and platelets grown at an angle on sapphire were over a few tens of micrometres long. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) observations revealed that Ir wires and IrO2 rods are grown in the preferential orientation along [110] and [001] directions, respectively. The probable growth models for the formations of the Ir and IrO2 nanostructures are proposed. Electrical measurements indicated that the highly crystalline Ir wires had a low resistivity and exhibited electronic transport properties similar to bulk Ir. The failure current density was greater than 1 × 108 A cm−2. This value is comparable to that reported for Pt nanobelts (1 ×107 A cm−2) and silver nanobeams (1.8 × 108 A cm−2). These unique Ir wires are attractive nanoscale building blocks for potential use as electrodes in nanoelectronic devices.


The spotlight mode SAR imaging procedure can be modeled in two ways. One is from the projectional information introduced from computer-aided tomography (CAT) founded on the projection-slice theorem. By quoting the concept "projection" from CAT to microwave imaging, the spotlight mode SAR can be interpreted as a narrow band tomography reconstruction problem in the far field and small rotation angle situation. Another kind of modeling in the spotlight mode SAR comes from the conventional stripmap SAR directly, in which the processed echo returns are verified to have the same Fourier information as that in the first way. From these two points of view, the spotlight mode SAR can be unified to the problem of Fourier reconstruction (FR). A common problem motion through resolution cells (MTRC) caused by relative rotation in spotlight SAR is characterized as a main factor in imaging smearing or defocusing. Data polar formatting is adopted as an effective solution either of data reconstruction or phase focusing.


Endonuclease III (Endo III or Nth) is one of the key enzymes responsible for initiating the base excision repair of oxidized or reduced pyrimidine bases in DNA. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of structural rearrangements of the specific and nonspecific DNA-duplexes during their interaction with Endo III is performed based on stopped-flow kinetic data. 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tCO), a fluorescent analog of the natural nucleobase cytosine, is used to record multistep DNA binding and lesion recognition within a temperature range (5–37 °C). Standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the specific steps are derived from kinetic data using Van't Hoff plots. The data suggest that enthalpy-driven exothermic 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) recognition and desolvation-accompanied entropy-driven adjustment of the enzyme–substrate complex into a catalytically active state play equally important parts in the overall process. The roles of catalytically significant amino acids Lys120 and Asp138 in the DNA lesion recognition and catalysis are identified. Lys120 participates not only in the catalytic steps but also in the processes of local duplex distortion, whereas substitution Asp138Ala leads to a complete loss of the ability of Endo III to distort a DNA double chain during enzyme–DNA complex formation.


Direct sequence ultra wide band (DS-UWB) is a strong candidate for high data rate (HDR) wireless personal area networks (WPAN) IEEE 802.15.3a standard for achieving up to 480 Mbps. This paper presents a new system design methodology based on a multicode approach where the spreading sequences have a duration longer than the channel impulse response (CIR) with the goal of achieving higher data rates up to 1.6 Gbps. Multiple codes are allocated to one user and transmitted synchronously in a TDMA access scheme. All codes are modulated by the same QAM constellation, the best combination of number of codes and QAM order for achieving the largest range of coverage is illustrated for 4 target rates: 10, 110, 480 and 1600 Mbps. The selection methodology is based on a theoretical SNIR derivation at the output of a linear minimum mean square error equalizer using classical WPAN channels as specified by IEEE 802.15.3a. Compared to the DS-UWB proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a, the proposed system grants around 3 times range increase


We simulate the hadroproduction of a tt̄-pair in association with a bb̄-pair at the LHC using the PowHel program. The generated events are stored according to the Les-Houches event format. We interface those events to the PYTHIA shower Monte Carlo program, allowing for decays of massive particles, showering and hadronization, thus leading to predictions for differential distributions at the hadron level that are accurate to next-to-leading order. This is a part of a bigger project in which we have provided similar events for the following final states: (i) t + t̄, (ii) t + t̄ + H/Z/W , (iii) t + t̄ + b + b̄, (iv) t + t̄ + jet.


I HAS BEEN my contention 1 that history will divide this century roughly into thirds as regards significant movement in the Catholic study of the Bible. The first period (1900-1940) was dominated by the rejection of modern biblical criticism. The second period (1940-1970) saw the introduction of biblical criticism by the order of Pope Pius XII and the gradual but reluctant acceptance ofthat criticism in and through Vatican Council II. The third period (1970-2000), in which we now live, involves the painful assimilation of the implications of biblical criticism for Catholic doctrine, theology, and practice. That assimilation is necessarily slow, even in academic areas. Biblical scholars themselves are continually developing insights in areas that affect theology; and only now are we encountering a generation of Catholic theologians who were nurtured in their first studies on a critical approach to the Bible, rather than appropriating it late in life and having to unlearn some of their early formation. One feature of this gradual assimilation is that, while we may develop a sophisticated theology, we continue to use basic terms shaped in a precriticai era without stopping to examine the meaning of those terms when rethought in a critical context. (Or even when those terms are rethought, often we do not reflect sufficiently on how they are understood by a noncritical audience for whom they may have a much simpler connotation.) Two lectures in a theological context this month (October 1980), the present Theological Studies Lecture and the Twenty-Fifth Annual Bellarmine Lecture in St. Louis (for Theology Digest), offer me


Epidemiologic investigations of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) often rely on observations from the nearest weather station to represent individuals' exposures, and due to structural factors that determine the siting of weather stations, levels of measurement error and misclassification bias may differ by race, class, and other measures of social vulnerability. Gridded climate datasets provide higher spatial resolution that may improve measurement error and misclassification bias. However, similarities in the ability to identify EPEs among these types of datasets have not been explored. In this study, we characterize the overall and temporal patterns of agreement among three commonly used meteorological data sources in their identification of EPEs in all census tracts and counties in the conterminous United States over the 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals period and evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics with agreement in EPE identification. Daily precipitation measurements from weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) and gridded precipitation estimates from the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) were compared in their ability to identify EPEs defined as the top 1% of precipitation events or daily precipitation >1 inch. Agreement among these datasets is fair to moderate from 1991 to 2020. There are spatial and temporal differences in the levels of agreement between ground stations and gridded climate datasets in their detection of EPEs in the United States from 1991 to 2020. Spatial variation in agreement is most strongly related to a location's proximity to the nearest ground station, with areas furthest from a ground station demonstrating the lowest levels of agreement. These areas have lower socioeconomic status, a higher proportion of Native American population, and higher social vulnerability index scores. The addition of ground stations in these areas may increase agreement, and future studies intending to use these or similar data sources should be aware of the limitations, biases, and potential for differential misclassification of exposure to EPEs. Most importantly, vulnerable populations should be engaged to determine their priorities for enhanced surveillance of climate-based threats so that community-identified needs are met by any future improvements in data quality.


This work, one of two papers that DDK published in the PNAS, was communicated by Oswald Veblen of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton on May 8, 1949. The article appeared in print in the July 15 issue of the same year. DDK was visiting the USA during this year and had also visited Princeton where he met Veblen, Einstein, and others.


Dispute is not uncommon in the complex and fragmented construction industry. Construction disputes, even though extensively investigated, still plagued the Malaysian construction industry. This paper aims to develop a dispute performance index to predict the dispute occurrence in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 374 respondents to generate the weightage of the indices. Dispute sources were classified into stages of pre-construction, construction, and post construction. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the data collected from the survey. PCA analysis results were then utilized to perform Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. SEM evaluated the causal relationship between dispute sources and dispute resolution methods to develop a dispute resolution performance index. The index is essential to benchmark the dispute resolution performance and hence provides a guideline to the construction players in handling and or avoiding disputes.


28 pages. Includes photographs. Includes map. This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.


A pilot study of personal noise exposure measurements with the use of noise dosimeters is presented. The value of objective individual recordings regarding the intensity and the exposure time is emphasized. Unexpected daily variations were detected also among employees assumed to work in fixed noise—level environments. Objective measurements of intensity and exposure time completed by a calculation of the frequency parameter seem more adequate than the previously used objective measurements of intensity and frequency completed by a rough estimation of the time parameter. The dosimeters have also discovered great variations in the individual noise panorama following a change from night to day shift or seasonal production fluctuations. Repair and inspection of factory machines involve also great individual increases in noise exposure. With the dosimeters it was also possible to distinguish between three different groups of employees in the factory with regard to their exposure to noise. So far it seems prac...


The aim of this paper is twofold. The first part provides a critical assessment of the implementation of yardstick competition schemes by OFWAT, the regulator of the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry, focusing on the critiques that the water operators have raised over the past years. In the second part we estimate the efficiency of the English and Welsh water companies using different econometric techniques in order to assess whether or not the efficiency results they produce respect the consistency conditions proposed by Bauer et al. (1998). Our results suggest that the distributions of efficiency scores generated by the various econometric techniques considered in this paper are indeed different (in terms of medians and standard deviations); however, our estimates also suggest that the efficiency rankings are instead broadly consistent across the econometric methods, which in fact tend to identify the same companies as the best and worst performers. This in turn might suggest that, in general, regulators wishing to apply yardstick competition should cross check the efficiency levels obtained with their preferred methodology while they might be more confident in the efficiency rankings.


edentulous patients. Replacement of the lost dentition by dental implant-supported restoration offers many advantages over fixed bridgework or removable partial dentures. Some patients present with insufficient bone for conventional implant-supported restoration. Traditional treatment approaches have included augmentation of the alveolar ridge with autologous, homologous or xenogenic bone. Alloplastic materials and various other osteoinductive or osteoconductive biomaterials have also been used for ridge augmentation.1 Autologous bone grafting has many advantages over other techniques but is not without risks and potential complications, including wound dehiscence, infection, partial or total loss of the bone graft, and donor site morbidity.2 The difficulties that can be encountered with vertical ridge augmentation by means of bone grafting techniques are frequently limited to soft-tissue tolerances and bone graft resorption.3 Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that encourages creation of new bone and soft tissue through incremental lengthening of osseous segments.4 The technique is relatively uncomplicated and avoids the need for bone grafting. The secondary effect of stretching and creating new soft tissues, a technique called distraction histogenesis, is particularly helpful in vertical ridge augmentation. The following case illustrates successful alveolar distraction osteogenesis to allow dental implant-supported restoration.


This article proposes a combination between source routing technique and on‐demand ad hoc routing algorithm to increase link reliability in power line communications over low‐tension power grid. The proposed methodology is an enhanced low‐complexity routing protocol for smart metering application (ELCSM). The algorithm considers data concentrator (DC) located directly after the low‐tension step‐down transformer. The data concentrator is polling the reachable meters connected to the power line and then it sends information about energy consumption, loading profile and any other crucial data to the utility through the cloud. The designed protocol minimizes the processing complexity at the meter's side, whereas most of the intelligence is shifted to the DC. The protocol takes into consideration the asymmetric characteristics of the power line channel, where some nodes could suffer from very bad downlink quality due to significant noise at the meter's side. These nodes that suffer from bad channel conditions and could not receive data sent from DC and/or other nodes are therefore classified as deaf nodes, although their transmission could be received properly by adjacent nodes. Moreover, unique lightweight packet structure is proposed to minimize algorithm overhead and to enhance the system robustness. The protocol performance is compared to LCSM and LOADng‐CTP in terms of protocol overhead, end‐to‐end delay, and packet delivery ratio.


This research is about the rational organization of cereals harvest-transport-reception process. This investigation arises from the current need that Cuban cereal productive enterprises and others countries have, and from the need to make more dynamic, to centralize and to facilitate the rational organization of the mechanized means composition that conform the process; reducing the waste of time in the transportation cycle, of materials and human resources, causing economic advantages through the implicated costs reduction in the productive chain, incurring in this way, in a better decision making of its executives. To this end, this work has as general goal to implement an automated system that obtains through the Queuing Theory mathematical model, the probabilistic character, the rational composition and the technical parameters of the continuous flow of the harvest-transport-reception process, assuring the control, reliability, security, integrity and informational availability, as well as a considerable decrease of the information processing time. As main result of this work we can mention the implementation of a multi-platform and free software application that obtains the rational composition of the process through the probabilistic study giving considerable advantages to the executives. Also, it offers a set of outputs and graphics that will allow the improvement of the information analysis.


Summary: A pharmacologic characterization of the postjunctional α adrenoceptors of human omental small arteries was performed using a microvascular myograph. Both the α1-selective agonist phenylephrine in the presence of yohimbine (0.3 μM, α2-selective antagonist) and the α2-selective agonist B-HT 933 in the presence of prazosin (0.3 μM, α1-selective antagonist) evoked strong vasoconstriction. The responses to phenylephrine were competitively antagonized by prazosin, whereas the responses to B-HT 933 were competitively antagonized by yohimbine; the pA2-values were 9.24 and 8.34, respectively. An inverse relationship of the maximum response to B-HT 933 (r = –0.53; p < 0.001), but not to phenylephrine or to norepinephrine (NE), against artery caliber was observed. The shifts of the NE concentration–response curves caused by yohimbine (0.1 μM) were more marked in the smaller rather than the larger vessels (r= –0.71; p < 0.01), whereas the opposite was observed using 0.1 μM prazosin (r = 0.84; p < 0.001). These data suggest that both α1 and α2 adrenoceptors are present in the human omental small arteries, but whereas postjunctional α2 adrenoceptors appear to be located predominantly in the resistance arteries, postjunctional α1 adrenoceptors appear to be distributed evenly along the arterial tree.


Two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear packaging system model was established.The shock dynamic equations were obtained and their numerical solutions were solved by the forth order Runge-Kutta integration method.The shock response characteristics of hyperbolic tangent packaging system with critical component were investigated.Final peak saw tooth shock pulse was chosen as excitation in the computer simulation and three-dimensional shock spectra of critical components were obtained.The influences of frequency ratio,amplitude of pulse excitation,package material damp,and shock period on shock response of critical components were discussed.The results showed that frequency ratio,amplitude of pulse excitation,package material damp,and shock period all have significant influence on the peak value of shock response of critical components.


This paper reports the hot electron induced RF performance degradation in multifinger gate nMOS transistors within the general framework of the degradation mechanism. The RF performance degradation of hot-carrier stressed nMOS transistors can be explained by the transconductance degradation, which resulted from the interface state generation. It has been found that the RF performance degradation, especially minimum noise figure degradation, is more significant than dc performance degradation. From the experimental correlation between RF and dc performance degradation, RF performance degradation can be predicted just by the measurement of dc performance degradation or the initial substrate current. From our experimental results, hot electron induced RF performance degradation should be taken into consideration in the design of the CMOS RF integrated circuits.


Monitoring the constitutionality of laws in Finland – Political control rather than judicial control – Understanding why requires a study of historical layers – Evidence that at several historical points certain elemental choices were locked in – Resulting difficulties in later abolishing or changing patterns – Interactive relationship between the political and the legal – Finland's constitutional past still circumscribes the role of the judiciary in constitutionality control


IP Fast Reroute (IPFRR) work in the IETF has focused on the single
failure case, where the failure could be a link, a node or a shared
risk link group. This draft describes possible extensions to not-via
IPFRR that under some circumstances allow the repair of multiple
simultaneous failures.


Background: Quality of services in hospital is determined by the performance of medical workers. It is a human resources that mostly determine the hospital performance. Manager should pay attention to the problem of job satisfaction and the factors that affect the work motivation of medical workers. Aim of the study to examinee  the relationship between health  worker  incomes and work environment to their satisfactionand motivation. Method: This study descriptive qualitative case study design with  objects are medical staff. Questionare based on Immpact Toolkit "Health Worker I ncentives Survey (HWIS)" from University of Abeerden. Results and Discussion : Distributionof incentivesbetweentypes ofmedical workersis quitevaried , this causesdissatisfacti on. 57 % of respondents believe that thenew buildingis nowa greatplace . 85 % of respondents are notinterested toleave the professionnowas a medi cal staff.  15 % of respondentsundecidedwhether toleavethe professionnowornot. 100% of respondentsclaimedno onewould resign from RSUD dr . S oe dirman . 62 % of respondentsexpressed satisfaction with thehighcategory, 27% of respondent swerenot satisfied because the working conditions. Some 1 1 % of respondentsexpressedsatisfactionwith thework in  low category . Background respondents withlow satisfaction is general practitioner ordentist. Conclusions : The amount ofrevenuesandservicesreceivedfluctuateanddifferfrom individual toindividual . There is a disparitybetweenmedical personnelandcivil servants PTT , and betweentypes ofmedical personnelin terms ofthe amount ofrevenueandservicesreceived, itcauses themajority ofrespondentshave low incomeschoose the level ofjob satisfactionat the level ofmedium and low, but caused nodesireto movethe workplace.there arerespondentswhocomplained ofpoorworking conditionsandthis led totheir job satisfactionin the low category. Keywords : Job satisfaction, motivation, remuneration, working conditions


Many computer applications require solving difficult problems (NP or PSPACE), which can be expensive to analyze the space of feasible solutions. In the last 20 years, the theoretical computer science area showed enormous progress in the algorithm design that is not being put in practice. Experimental algorithmic can help to bridge the gap between theory and practice. A domain of applications that involves hard problems is the development of computer games, in particular, games in which the user's opponent is the computer. Heuristic search technique in games has been highly successful, however, there are no tools to assist in testing and improving implementations based on it. In this paper, we describe a framework called GLIESE that focuses on the reuse of software components for experimental game development. Its main goal is to provide software support to simplify the most complex issues in the implementation of video games enabling to experiment with games in which parts of its logic can be expressed by using different heuristic searches. The simulation and assess of the quality of approximate solution based on different heuristic search techniques is the original aspect that impacts on the game implementation. GLIESE was used in undergraduate courses of "Analysis and Design of Algorithms" in the development of variety of popular games.


GATEWAY SERVER SETTING BASED ON LINUX MIS (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYS- TEM) ON PT. ASC. Febry Setiawan Sagala, Undergrad- uate Program. Faculty of Industrial Technology. 2009 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key- words: Gateway Settings, PT.ASC (xiii + 30 + Appendix) ABSTRACT Gateway as transmission media or be it in li- aison local area network (LAN) and public network or the Internet. Gateway can be a modem or a computer, where Gateway is also function as a regulator of the data / packets which may pass or not on the network. Gateway Settings on PT.ASC linux-based servers will be discussed in this writ- ing. The term gateway refers to hardware or software which bridge the two applications or networks that are not com- patible, so that data can be transferred between dierent computers. Linux as one of the computer operating system, operating system computer is software that allows commu- nication between humans and computers as well as possible applications to run on the computer.


A case study commissioned from Dr Christmas by Open Exeter documenting the process of preparing and uploading large video files to the Data Archive.


Erich Fromm analyzed how man is divided in his sense of true self. This division within forces him to cling to abstract and concrete entities outside of himself and Fromm calls this "transference" which he, after all, borrowed from Freud. This transferring of man's individuality to outside forces brings temporary relief to his experience of powerlessness and loneliness. The transference makes man acquire a masochistic character wherein he submits himself to outside irrational forces that perpetually dehumanize him. This is the reason why his ethics is a struggle to bring back the power of man within, nursing his potentialities to change himself and transform his world. Ethics, for Fromm, is a form of normativity which leads man into freedom to fully actualize his own sense of self.


Background: When a certain antibody, which is not clearly identified, is detected before transfusion, rare red blood cells (RBCs) should be used for antibody identification. But its rarity make it difficult to identify the antibody. This study compared the high glycerol method with the liquid nitrogen method for the cryopreservation of rare RBCs that are used for antibody identification. Methods: The frozen RBCs were thawed every 2 months to measure the strength of agglutination. We observed the changes of the strength of agglutination. The Dia antigen, which is relatively frequent in Asians, was included in this study. Results: Using the high glycerol method, the decrease of the strength of agglutination was observed with using the k antigen from 4 months and the decrease of the strength of agglutination was observed with using M, N, s, Lea, Leb and Fyb antigens from 8 months. With freezing the donor RBCs by the liquid nitrogen method, the decrease of the strength of agglutination was observed with using the C, s, k and Leb antigens from 2 months, with using the M and S antigens from 4 months, with using the D, c, e, N and Fya antigens from 6 months and with using the Lea antigen from 8 months. Rare RBCs with the Dia antigen were successfully cryopreserved for 6 months with using the high glycerol method. For the commercial screening cells, the high glycerol method showed effective cryopreservation with using c, e, M, k, Lea, Leb, Jka and Fyb antigens for 6 months or longer. Conclusion: We were able to preserve most of the important antigens of the RBCs for at least 6 months without a significant decrease of reactivity by employing the high glycerol cryopreservation technique.


A new infectious disease was characterized in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Guangxi Province, China. Moribund fish were grossly characterized by cutaneous hemorrhage, fin ray hyperemia, and internal organ hemorrhage. A few affected fish showed a swollen belly with abdominal dropsy. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from cultures of brain, liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of diseased fish. After incubation, pure cultured colonies were observed and biochemically characterized with biochemical tube tests and API 20 Strep. A further phylogenetic (16S rRNA gene) characterization identified them as Streptococcus iniae, and sequence similarities were 99.4100%. Koch's postulate was fulfilled using our strain (labeled DGX07) in healthy channel catfish. Mortality was 100% in the group challenged by injection (6 × 10 7 cfu/fish) and 43±5% in the group challenged by immersion


Introduction Depending on the polarity of the side chain, amino acids vary in their hydrophilic or hydrophobic character. These properties are important in protein structure and protein-protein interactions. The importance of the physical properties of the side chains comes from the influence this has on the amino acid residues' interactions with other structures, both within a single protein and between proteins. The distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids determines the tertiary structure of the protein, and their physical location on the outside structure of the proteins influences their quaternary structure. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions of the proteins do not have to rely only on the side chains of amino acids themselves. By various posttranslational modifications other chains can be attached to the proteins, forming hydrophobic lipoproteins, or hydrophilic glycoproteins.The ratio of the polar and non-polar amino-acids seems to be a very important characteristic of the protein. [1] Anglemann Syndrome Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. Characteristic features of this condition include developmental delay or intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, seizures, small head size and problems with movement and balance. Delayed development can be noted by 6 months to 12 months of age, and other common signs and symptoms usually become apparent in early childhood. People with Angelman syndrome typically have a happy, excitable demeanor with frequent smiling and laughter, a short attention span, and hand-flapping movements. Some affected individuals also have unusually fair skin and lightcolored hair. [2] Canavan Disease Canavan disease is an autosomal recessive degenerative disorder that causes progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain. This disease is one of a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies are characterized by degeneration of myelin in the phospholipid layer insulating the axon of a neuron. The gene associated with the disorder is located on human chromosome 17. [3][4] Celiac Disease Celiac disease is a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be found in everyday products such as medicines, vitamins, and lip balms. When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi—the tiny, fingerlike protrusions lining the small intestine. [5] Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous inherited disorder of nerves that is characterized by loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation, predominantly in the feet and legs but also in the hands and arms in the advanced stages of disease. Presently incurable, this disease is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders, with 37 in 100,000 affected. [6][7]


The advanced technology demonstration program in 1994 was initiated by the US Army Environmental Center, at Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison, Indiana, to assess the state-of- the-art technologies applicable to detection and remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO). A multifaceted methodology was developed for evaluating the demonstrators' results in detecting and identifying UXO targets, utilizing both spatial and nonspatial information. The evaluation process involves two major steps. The first step, called target matching, is to compare the reported targets with the known, emplaced targets, in terms of target location, depth, type, class, and other ordnace-specific attributes. The purpose of the first step is to measure a demonstrator's detection and identification capability in general, while the purpose of the second step is to analyze the matching results using statistical methods.


The conductances of 0.01 normal solutions of potassium chloride and of hydrochloric‐deuterochloric acid in H2O—D2O mixtures, and the viscosities of H2O—D2O mixtures, have been investigated as a function of D2O concentration at 25°C. The viscosity of D2O is 23 percent greater, the conductance of potassium chloride in D2O is 17 percent less, and the conductance of deuterochloric acid in D2O is 26 percent less, than the corresponding values in H2O. The viscosity, and the conductance of potassium chloride solutions and of hydrochloric‐deuterochloric acid solutions show a maximum deviation of 0.4, 0.8 and 5.4 percent of the total values, respectively, from linearity. The decreased conductance of potassium chloride solutions in D2O is due mainly to the increased viscosity of the solvent. The marked deviation from linearity of the hydrochloric‐deuterochloric acid curve is interpreted on the basis of a statistical correction to the proton exchange mechanism for the mobilities of H3O+ and D3O+ in H2O—D2O mixtures.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the presenting features of bone and joint infections with a view to identify distinguishing trends that will be useful for pediatric emergency departments.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of patient records over a 12-year period in the pediatric emergency department of a large regional pediatric teaching center serving a diverse population.

RESULTS
There were 88 cases of osteoarticular infections during the study period. Pain, fever, and impaired function were commonly reported, but overall, there was inconsistency in the presenting features. Inflammatory makers were sensitive tools, particularly in combination. When C-reactive protein, total white cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were all abnormal, 98% of bone and joint infections were identified.Causative organisms were identified in only 38% of cases, mostly from cultures of synovial fluid and bone. Streptococcal organisms were significantly more likely to be isolated in children under 5 years than in children over 5 years (P = <0.014). Staphylococcal organisms were significantly more likely to be isolated in children over 5 years than in children under 5 years (P = <0.001). Identification of virulent organisms such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in our study should prompt review of diagnostic techniques and antibiotic choices.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, children under 5 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with septic arthritis than osteomyelitis (P = 0. 006). Children over 12 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with osteomyelitis than septic arthritis (P = 0. 019). These trends are useful to consider at presentation and in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.


In this work we study the existence and qualitative behavior of solutions for ε 2v′′(x)− Vε(x)v(x) + ∣∣v(x)∣∣p−1 v(x) = 0, x ∈ R, lim |x|→∞ v(x) = 0. (Pε) We consider the infinite case, given by Byeon and Wang (2002), where Ω = {V = 0} = {0} and V decreases exponentially around it. Here, the potential also verifies: (V 1) V is a non-negative continuous function over R; (V 2) V (x)→∞ as |x| → ∞; (V 3) For each x ∈ [−1, 1]\{0} : V (x) = exp ( − 1 a(x) ) , where a is an asymptotically-(Ω, b) quasi-homogeneous function. For a fixed ρ > 0 we find δρ > 0 such that our limit problem, as ε→ 0, is given by { w′′(x) + ∣∣w(x)∣∣p−1 w(x) = 0 x ∈ (−δρ, δρ), w(−δρ) = w(δρ) = 0. (PL) We prove by a Lusternik–Schnirelman scheme (using the Kranoselskii genus) that the original problem, (Pε), has infinitely many solutions. We also prove multiplicity of solutions for the limit problem, (PL), by using the same technique mentioned before. In fact, by the Kranoselskii's genus properties, the solutions found for (Pε) and (PL) come in pairs for each critical level. Finally, we prove concentration results obtained by Byeon–Wang (2002), Felmer–Mayorga (2007), and Mayorga–Medina (2019), for several settings with critical frequency. In particular, we proved the H-convergence of the solutions of (Pε) to the corresponding solutions of (PL). Keywords— Non-linear Schrödinger equation, critical frequency, multiplicity and qualitative behavior of solutions. Mathematician 5 Final Grade Project School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences YACHAY TECH


Response adaptive randomization is appealing in confirmatory adaptive clinical trials from statistical, ethical, and pragmatic perspectives, in the sense that subjects are more likely to be randomized to better performing treatment groups based on accumulating data. The Doubly Adaptive Biased Coin Design (DBCD) is a popular solution due to its asymptotic normal property of final allocations, which further justifies its asymptotic type I error rate control. As an alternative, we propose a Response Adaptive Block Randomization (RABR) design with pre-specified randomization ratios for the control and high-performing groups to robustly achieve desired final sample size per group under different underlying responses, which is usually required in industry-sponsored clinical studies. We show that the usual test statistic has a controlled type I error rate. Our simulations further highlight the advantages of the proposed design over the DBCD in terms of consistently achieving final sample allocations and of power performance. We further apply this design to a Phase III study evaluating the efficacy of two dosing regimens of adjunctive everolimus in treating tuberous sclerosis complex but with no previous dose-finding studies in this indication.


The anesthetic managment for patients who have sustained craniomaxillofacial trauma undergoing maxillomandibular fixation is usually performed under general anesthesia with nasal endotracheal intubation.However,insome cases,there are a contraindication for nasal intubation,such as craniomaxillofacial trauma combined with base of skull fractured. So that tracheostomy may be performed for airway managerment.However,this technique may be associated with a significant perioperative and late complications. Submental endotracheal intubation is an alternative method with minimal complications.  A case with a diagnosis of Lefort fracture II and III, fracture of right zygoma and fracture of nasal bone unergoing maxillomandibular fixation performed under general anesthesia with submental endotracheal intubation is presented.The patient has no complication in early postoperative period and at two month postoperative follow up. Key words : Craniomaxillofacial trauma,submental endotracheal intubation


Whether targeting the public or the media especially journalist or editors, websites exist to ensure the information is available for people to access based on few criteria. This paper intends to explore the utilization of webpage in conveying Public Relation (PR) communication between Islamic higher learning institutions. Qualitative content analysis method was used to compare the differences in PR perspective between Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Univeristi Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) and Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor (KUIS) websites. The findings of this study indicated that the webpages analyzed were relatively interactive in nature and that they are focusing on the important PR elements and strategies. In conclusion, more often than not, the three websites analyzed consider the PR aspects of the design and taking into account the nature of the web community who wants fast and usable information that can educate rather than told.


N the early sixteenth century an acute struggle was going on within the ranks of the Orthodox Church in Muscovy. The immediate issue was the question of church land possession. Like the Western church during the Middle Ages, the Russian Church had accumulated, in the course of the previous centuries of its etistence, enormous wealth in land which for the most part belonged to the monasteries. It was against this state of affairs that a small but determined group of church reformers raised the voice of protest. Known as the "Trans-Volga Elders,"' the protestants were grouped around the hermitage of Sorsk, a center of ascetic monas ticism, highly respected for the purity of life and the devotional zeal of its members. They had for leader a remarkable man-Nilus of Sorsk, himself an ascetic and a mystic, a man of deep convictions and of a great strength of character. The Trans-Volga Elders, who also were referred to as the "noncovetous" monks, loudly called upon the church to give up its worldly possessions in order to achieve the Christian ideal of poverty and humility. In their eyes, a truly monastic life and management of big land estates were fundament, ally incompatible. On the other side stood the so-called "Josephites," by far the larger of the two groups, and one that enjoyed the support of the church hierarchy. To them the material wealth of the church was one of the indispensable conditions for the proper performance of its functions. The head of this faction, Joseph of Volokolamsk (hence the name of the Josephites) was the abbot of one of the richest and most influential monasteries in Muscovy. Throughout the sixteenth century this monastery played the part of a "nursery of bishops,' and many of the most prominent hierarchs of the period had received their training there. Profoundly different from Nilus of Sorsk in character and outlook, Joseph too was a remarkable man, in his own


The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1.2-1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.


The U.S. Navy has used underwater acoustic modems for many decades for a variety of applications. As usual, the first interest is simply to get the modem to work and then to work better (increasing ranges, data rates, and robustness). However, as the technology matures, interest turns to performance modeling. This is critical in designing network lay-downs for fixed systems; in dynamically configuring the topology where mobile nodes are in play; and finally in making Smart Modems smarter by enabling them to search the parameter space more efficiently. It is important to note that the ocean environment does have dramatic effects on modem performance. For instance, a developing storm breaks up the acoustic mirror formed by the ocean surface while also generating lots of noise due to breaking waves. Volumetric features such as internal tides cause dramatic refractive changes with equally interesting effects on the scattering function. Interestingly our ability to properly simulate the important effects for acoustic modems has been surprising limited. Coherent modems using equalizers respond on a time scale that is not quite short enough to freeze the ocean surface in a flash of an acoustic strobe pulse, nor long enough to allow one to think of averaged properties. New channel models have been needed to simulate the important effects of a rough, moving, 3D surface. The challenges have expanded further with recent interests in MIMO systems where space-time coherence issues are in play. This talk will provide a perspective on these environmental effects and their incorporation into a channel simulator.


In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of men with early recurrent androgen-dependent prostate cancer, active cellular immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T (Provenge) failed to meet its primary endpoint for delaying time to biochemical failure.


Etructural evolution of the Senmigko pall apart basin in cL,e l undn Errr.rr is analyzed baaed on. palinspasnc reconstrucnon of re-iuerprered seismic reflection data to understand the timing and kinematics of structures ld such basin. We use more than seven multichannel seismic reflection data combined with swa± bathymetey and seismicity data available m tins area. A package rfNW SE trending planar- and lisric-normal Stilts appear to have formed as graben and half graben system. These structure packages are denned as paten and half-grr.ben structures which are developed in ids zone. The mam graben is West Eemangko and Ease Semangko Grabens. whereas another graben serein is recognized frither east, die Krakatau. Graben. The Eemangko Grabens were developed due :o the overstepping af the Humana Fault in the northwestern area, and Ujung Kulon Fault m The southeast. Palinspasric reconstruction snows kmemstic evolution of dee Eemangko Grabens commenced in Middle Miocene. marked by the initiation, of basemen: Smiting with 01 & to 4.771 & extension, depasinon af straiLpaphic UniT 1 and UniT 2 startEd at 4.771-& to 10.SO?i extension contemporaneously with the initiation of uplift of NW-EE rending ridges due to the development of cross-basin fault in a ranstensionaL system. Ihe Plio-Pleistocene Unit 5 deposited during 10 50 to 11.62% extension, accompanied, widi the uplift of ridges and eroded all tori units Based on those observations. Unit 5 was developed as a syn-nanstensional deposu. The western paben appears to be more aenve and developed as compared to dear in the eastern pair, possibly due to the acuvity of Ujung Kulon Fault.

XaytvwrA: 5ima?igfa> pitil apart basin, transzsnsional, gtwbcpi. Palrnspasttc, ilhwmatic, Cross-basmfiiult


The random energy landscapes developed by speckle fields can be used to confine and manipulate a large number of micro-particles with a single laser beam. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the static and dynamic properties of an active suspension of swimming bacteria embedded into speckle patterns. Looking at the correlation of the density fluctuations and the equilibrium density profiles, we observe a crossover phenomenon when the forces exerted by the speckles are equal to the bacteria's propulsion.


Pika (family Ochotonidae, not Lepordae) provided from Central Institute for Experimental Animals, in Kawasaki city, has been reared individually at 22-23Ž in P2-facilities, in Animal Research Center in Institute for Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University. Pika, the so-called a living fossil seems to preserve its morphological characteristics of those days of Eocene epoch in the Tertiary period. Namely, their lack- ing of ear radiator and strong long hind legs are thought to be evolutionally undeveloped. Therefore, the objective of the present report is to estimate the capability of pika, in heat loss and heat gain mechanisms in hot and cold environment. Mean rectal temperature was 39.6Ž and mean respiratory rate was 131c/min, with no statistical significance in sexual difference. At 25Ž of ambient temperature, O2-consumption (Vo2) was 19.8ml/mina"kg and respiratory rate was 120-130c/min. At 15Ž, Vo2 was 32.0ml/mina"kg and respira- tory rate was decreased to 86-92c/min. At 29Ž of high ambient temperature, Vo2showed increased value of 27.9ml/mina"kg, with 200-230c/min of respiratory rate. From these results, physiological evidences of thermal adaptation relation to evolutional changes of thermoregulatory mechanism of pika were discussed in this paper.


In this work, we present the fabrication and testing of a MEMS-integrated, variable-gap titanium dioxide nanosword plasmonic antenna. Two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) testing was performed, and enhancements as large as 251-fold were observed at the sharp, tapered nanosword tip. The tunable nanosword antenna successfully and repeatedly demonstrated increases in the TPPL intensity as the gap was reduced below 50nm. Dark-field scattering experiments were performed at the tip to quantify the shape-dependent plasmonic resonance of the gold-coated nanosword tip. It is believed that this device, with further improvements to the enhancement, may enable previously unattainable functionality for surface-enhance Raman scattering (SERS) analysis.


laboratories of cultures isolated that were culturally Flexner dysentery, but inagglutinable with diagnostic serum. At the Los Angeles County General Hospital in particular was this experienced, and a number of the cases resulted fatally. Doctor Kessel very kindly sent me a number of these strains, and others were obtained from Pasadena, Long Beach, and Santa Ana. In our own laboratory the same thing occurred with specimens sent in from San Mateo, Vallejo, and Yreka. These strains, twenty-one in number, were studied as to their reactions in glucose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, mannite, xylose, inulin, raffinose, levulose, dulcite, galactose, arabinose, salicin, rhamose, and glycerin, and the indol, methyl red and Voges-Proskaur reactions. As a result they fell apparently into seven groups. One represented by three cultures not fermenting mannite was agglutinated by Shiga serum, while the others were not agglutinated by any serum. Immune sera were then prepared from each group, and by cross agglutination it was found that all the cultures, except the three Shigas and one other, were one and the same, being agglutinated to full titer by sera produced from otlher cultures of the collection. The preliminary grouping by sugar reactions was on a basis of differences other than in lactose, mannite, and saccharose, thus showing the uncertainty of sugar reactions in this group of organisms. Serum made with the new strain having a titer of 2,560 for itself does not agglutinate the American Flexner at all, the English strains, X, Y, and Z, up to 1-40, and the English strains V and W to a titer in some instances as high as 320. The organism is not agglutinated by American Flexner serum, only slightly by H-Y serum, not at all by the English W and Z sera, and to only 320 by V, X and Y. Apparently, on this coast at least, we must reckon with one more strain of the Flexner group (shall we call it a U?) which, added to the five antigenic types of Andrews, the Shiga, Schmitz, Sonne, and probably also Alkalescens, make a total of nine true dysentery bacilli to engage the attention of the diagnostic laboratories.


Integrating millions of chips on a single die at reasonable cost is the latest demand of semiconductor industry. The System-on-Chip (SoC) is one of such aspect which is emerging in electronic era to fulfill this requirement. In order to design complex multi-million gate SoCs designers are seeking for more efficient & more reliable methodology. Hence to achieve the advent of System-on-Chip concept emphasis is made on IP (Intellectual Property) Reuse. The Design Reuse concept includes creating modular IP to be used in other design & utilizing IP from an existing design into a new design. Moreover the new idea of Processor Independence is further elaborated. This Modern technique makes reusable IP module with liberty to work through different processors with slight modifications. The Processor Independence allows designer to easily modify his design for variety of processors to achieve desired performance without worrying about rest of the system. This design can be used in variety of ASIC & FPGA based systems and can be worked for number of applications.


The efficacy of the question" How do you plead, guilty or not guilty?" is discussed and analyzed in the light of the etymology of the word "guilt." A survey of alternative approaches to pleadings was carried out involving questionnaires returned by 26 countries (out of 64 submissions). The authors conclude that our system of justice would he better served by the elimination or modification of the question "How do you plead, guilty or not guilty?"


Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes of the kidney via its four receptors. A previous study has suggested that a defect in the PGE2 receptor 1 (EP1) gene markedly suppressed the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and extracellular matrix aggregation. Therefore, the present study aimed to adopt a pharmacological method of specifically suppressing or activating the EP1 receptor to further verify and demonstrate these results. The EP1 receptor antagonist SC-19220 and EP1 receptor agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE2 ethyl amide (17-pt-PGE2) were selectively used to treat five-sixths nephrectomy renal fibrosis model mice and TGF-β1-stimulated MCs. An Alpha screen PGE2 assay kit, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques were adopted to perform in vivo and in vitro experiments. The present results suggested that compared with the control group, the selective EP1 receptor antagonist SC-19220 improved renal function, markedly reduced the plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (P<0.05) and alleviated glomerulosclerosis (P<0.05). By contrast, the EP1 receptor agonist 17-pt-PGE2 aggravated renal dysfunction and glomerulosclerosis (P<0.05). To verify the renal protection mechanisms mediated by suppression of the EP1 receptor, the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins, including chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), were further evaluated histologically. The expression of GRP78, TRPC1 and PERK in the antagonist treatment group were markedly downregulated (P<0.05), whereas those in the agonist treatment group were upregulated (P<0.05). The present in vitro experiments demonstrated that, compared with the control group, the EP1 receptor antagonist suppressed the expression of GRP78, TRPC1 and PERK (P<0.05), reduced the production of PGE2 (P<0.05) and decreased the MC apoptosis rate (P<0.05), thus alleviating TGF-β1-stimulated MC injury. Consequently, consistent with previous results, selectively antagonizing the EP1 receptor improved renal function and mitigated glomerulosclerosis, and its potential mechanism might be associated with the suppression of ERS.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on different types of tumor thrombi in the portal vein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Of the 48 patients with HCC treated in our hospital from January 2000 to January 2003, 38 were treated with TACE (group A) and 10 with supporting treatment alone (group B). The median survival time and therapeutic effects on different types of tumor thrombi were determined and compared between the 2 groups. Results The median survival time was 5.0 months and 2.0 months in group A and group B, respectively. For type I to type IV tumor thrombi, the median survival time was 12.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 months, respectively. Conclusions TACE can prolong the survival time of HCC patients with tumor thrombi in the porta vein, especially those with type I tumor thrombi.


The paper presents three algorithms to synthesize a dynamic controller for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). In each case, the pole placement approach is used to compute the parameters of a feedback controller that regulates the active and reactive powers produced using the rotor voltages. Due to the special structure of the DFIG's model, the analysis and design of the feedback control loop are simplified by transforming its representation into an equivalent system with complex coefficients and half the number of states. This approach yields analytic solutions of the problem with remarkable simplicity. The complex framework facilitates the direct placement of the DFIG system poles in the left half-plane, which ensures stability and performance of the closed-loop system. Additionally, this framework can be used to evaluate the robustness properties of the closed-loop systems. The ability of the synthesized controllers to provide a desirable dynamic and steady-state response is investigated through experiments on a laboratory testbed.


This paper employs reduced-form microeconometric analysis to examine how yearly changes in aggregate income and GDP growth affect the unemployment probability of individuals with varied skills in the United States. The paper goes beyond traditional education-based measures and assesses how manual, communication, and quantitative skills affect the relationship between macroeconomic shocks and unemployment. Workers specialized in communication skills exhibit lower unemployment rates, reduced unemployment volatility, and less sensitivity to macroeconomic fluctuations.


©Copyright 2014 by Bezmialem Vakif University Available online at www.bezmialemscience.org ©Telif Hakki 2014 Bezmialem Vakif Universitesi Makale metnine www.bezmialemscience.org web sayfasindan ulasilabilir. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common extrahepatic manifestation of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, affecting approximately 20% of patients from the Middle East and Far East Asia, where HBV infection is prevalent (1) Recent data show that 30% of patients with HBV-related GN eventually progress to renal failure (2). The major pathogenetic mechanism of HBV-related GN is immune complex deposits in the kidney, leading to destruction of the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane and eventually resulting in protein loss into the tubules. Although treatment strategies of HBV and membranous nephropathy are well established, there is still a lack of available data in patients who not respond well to primary intervention or who have failed to sustain the response.


Abstract Stochastic optimisation provides a framework that is capable of generating a strategic life-of-mine production schedule that increases net present value while simultaneously reducing the risk associated with geological uncertainty. This paper focuses on the application of the stochastic strategic mine planning for technical risk management in the KéMag iron ore deposit in Quebec, Canada, demonstrating the key steps of the framework. The approach first quantifies both the volumetric and multi-element grade uncertainty of the deposit by generating a set of equally probable scenarios of the orebody. In this case study, the boundaries of the lithologies (volumetric uncertainty) defining the KéMag iron ore deposit are generated using a pattern-based wavelet simulation algorithm. The pertinent grade properties, namely, head iron, Davis Tube weight recovery, Davis Tube concentrate iron and silica content (multi-element grade uncertainty) are jointly simulated using the direct block minimum/maximum autocorrelation factors algorithm. Subsequently, the simulated scenarios of the iron deposit serve as an input to a life-of-mine stochastic integer programming production-scheduling model. The latter stochastic optimisation model is employed to manage and minimize the risk associated with the geological uncertainty of the deposit in terms of meeting production targets while generating a mining sequence of extraction maximising the net present value. The results of the case study quantify the risk associated with the product's silica content, total iron production and expected discounted annual cash flows.


\ were not pressed very hard. After two decades of nationallycharacteristic preoccupation with continental issues, however, the People's Republic of China has developed more marked awareness of its maritime interests, both in the strategic context of the waters off its seaboard and in the context of international rights: seizure of the Paracels in 1974, assertion of exploration rights for off-shore oil, and eager participation in the Law of the Sea Conference seem together to betoken a new historical departure in Chinese policy. Mr Samuels introduces his story with China's 1974 annexation and then flashes back to Tang times. Using both secondary sources such as Needham and primary sources like the dynastic histories and contemporary Hakluyts of Chao Ju-kua and Ma Huan stamp, he summarizes the centuries from Song to Ming when Chinese vessels did mix with South-east Asian craft south of Hainan and even, for a quarter century in the 1400s, traversed the Indian Ocean, setting an example for Portugal to follow soon after. The Qing were strongly anti-maritime in outlook, and it was only the aggression of foreign powers at sea, as much as it was on land, which spurred them and later regimes progressively to vindicate more definite sovereign rights to a " territorial sea " comprising all the islands, reefs and tidal shoals south almost to Natoena. French Indochina was the first littoral state to challenge (from strategic motives) the hesitant Qing claims to those waters; Japan followed quickly, its flag characteristically intending to follow trade. At the onset of the Second World War, the plot thickens and ramifies in preparation for its first, though assuredly not last, climax in 1974.


ABSTRACT We examined the ability of 206 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to lyse T cells and found differences between Agr groups. We found that the beta and delta hemolysins are involved and that methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are less toxic than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains.


The purpose of this research is to evaluate scintillation fluctuations on optical communication lasers and evaluate potential system improvements to reduce scintillation effects. This research attempts to experimentally verify mathematical models developed by Andrews and Phillips [1] for scintillation fluctuations in atmospheric turbulence using two different transmitting wavelengths. Propagation range lengths and detector quantities were varied to confirm the theoretical scintillation curve. In order to confirm the range and wavelength dependent scintillation curve, intensity measurements were taken from a 904nm and 1550nm laser source for an assortment of path distances along the 1km laser range at the Townes Laser Institute. The refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) data was also taken at various ranges using two commercial scintillometers. This parameter is used to characterize the strength of atmospheric turbulence, which induces scintillation effects on the laser beam, and is a vital input parameter to the mathematical model. Data was taken and analyzed using a 4-detector board array. The material presented in this paper outlines the verification and validation of the theoretical scintillation model, and steps to improve the scintillation fluctuation effects on the laser beam through additional detectors and a longer transmitting wavelength. Experimental data was post processed and analyzed for scintillation fluctuations of the two transmitting wavelengths. The results demonstrate the benefit of additional detectors and validate a mathematical model that can be scaled for use in a variety of communications or defense applications. Scintillation is a problem faced by every free space laser communication system and the verification of an accurate mathematical model to simulate these effects has strong application across the industry.


In rat brain astroglia-enriched cultures long-term treatment with interleukin-1L induces NO release and stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. The cGMP formed is recovered in the extracellular medium but not in the cell monolayer. The interleukin-1L effect is mediated by type I receptor and potentiated by interferon-Q. In cells treated with bacterial endotoxin a larger NO-dependent cGMP accumulation occurs only intracellularly, however a significant cGMP egression is observed when cells are co-treated with interleukin-1L. The nonselective anion transport inhibitors probenecid and verapamil block cGMP efflux, indicating that interleukin-1L stimulates a cGMP transporter. ß 2001 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


While researchers have devoted considerable effort to examining solute transport influenced by aquifer heterogeneities at either larger scales (metre and above) or at the pore scale, there is a relative paucity of work aimed at the controls administered by decimetre-sca le heterogeneity . Recent studies at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi (USA) have indicated that the relative preferential flow paths and flow barriers resulting from dm-scale aquifer heterogeneities appear to have a dominant effect on plume-scale solute transport. These studies suggest that only approximately 15% of the aquifer pore space is involved in advective transport while the remaining 85% serves as a reservoir for essentially immobile solute. The possibility that dm-scale preferential flow paths play such an important role in solute transport has far-reaching implications for groundwater remediation. This paper presents the results of a numerical experiment designed to quantify the key characteristics of solute transport influenced by dm-scale relative preferential flow paths, and discusses the implications for groundwater remediation at a field site.


Continuing degradation of urban environments of developing economies results from failure to make decisions based on scientific methods that employ accurate digital elevation models (DEM) in modelling environmental phenomena such as flooding and erosion. Data dumping and wastage occur if fresh DEM are required for every new project ignoring existing data. Every DEM to be used for modelling may be accepted as is, updated or rejected for a new one based on outlier fitness tests. High cost DEM aged only a few months should also be tested since elevation changes could occur in very short periods. Older DEMs might still be useful if changes are only in limited areas which could be mapped to update the DEM, so saving cost. A DEM of Owerri, South East Nigeria created from a 1977 1/2500 topographic map series was evaluated using elevations of random Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) points resulting in a ±1.290 m root mean square error (RMSE). Outliers of the 99% certainty were traced to a heavily cut construction site and a topographical survey of the site was used to update the DEM improving RMSE to below the meter mark.

 Key words: Digital elevation model (DEM), geographic information systems (GIS), outlier, DEM updating, root mean square error (RMSE).


The government is to introduce licensed home testing for HIV in the United Kingdom in a bid to reduce the number of people who don't know they are infected. But it has rejected calls to run a general publicity campaign to educate the public about transmission of HIV.

An estimated quarter of the 100 000 people in the United Kingdom infected with HIV are unaware of their infection. The level of infection is extremely high in certain high risk groups. Across the UK one in 20 men who have sex with men are infected, the proportion rising to one in 10 in London and one in seven in central London.

Norman Fowler, chairman …


In this letter, magnetization reversal is investigated in (Ga,Mn)As thin films using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. A Stoner–Wohlfart model, modified to take into account the existence of magnetic reversal discontinuities associated with nucleation and propagation phenomena allows us to estimate most of the characteristic constants. These results demonstrate a reversal behavior analogous to that observed in metallic magnetic layers (coherent rotation followed by a nucleation propagation process). The dynamic study at T=20 K shows a strong increase of the coercivity with the increase of dH/dt. This effect is related to the random distribution of Mn magnetic ions in the lattice.


Chamaemyia herbarum (Robineau-Desvoidy) is an acalyptrate fly in the family Chamaemyiidae. In southern Arizona, C. herbarum larvae prey upon one or more species of mealybugs (Trionymus spp.) which infest the bunch grass Muklenbergia virescens (H.B.K.) Kunth. The fly overwinters in the pupal stage and two to four generations are completed during summer breeding seasons. It is restricted to small, isolated populations within the pine forest or transition zone (Merriam, 1890). Adult populations in mountain meadows are small, from approximately 50 to 1,000 individuals, and are separated from each other on the same mountain by stretches of meadowless pine forest. The dispersal ability of the species is not known. Adults have been observed moving toward the base of grass clumps during windy periods. Such behavior would limit passive wind dispersal, the most likely means of movement between mountain ranges. The center of distribution of C. herbarum is in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States and the southernmost extension of its range is in the southeastern mountains of Arizona. Populations in the Colorado Rockies may be classified as semi-isolated; the proximity and continuity of the mountain ranges may allow limited migration between populations or subpopulations. In Arizona and northwestern New Mexico, each population is restricted to a separate mountain range and may be a geographic isolate. Although the species is restricted to the same pine forest zone across its range, populations are located within different biotic provinces (Dice, 1943). These provinces are based upon differences in floral composition; however, they also reflect faunal species boundaries. Grasses of southern Arizona mountains support mealybug species not found farther north. The specific grassmealybug associations are not available for C. herbarum; therefore, a comparison between isozyme frequency differences and biotic provinces may define possible genotype-environment interactions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the importance of geographic isolation, small population size, founder effect, and ecological adaptation to the differentiation of C. herbarum populations. Genetic differences between populations were determined by multiple loci starch gel electrophoresis. A morphological analysis of metric characters was conducted to estimate further population variation.


Concussion is the signature athletics injury of the 21 st Century. Scientists are hard at work monitoring effects of hard impacts on the human brain. However, existing tools and devices are inadequate to screen the effects. Hence, a new approach is required to accurately quantify peak values of head impacts or concussions and relate these values to clinical brain health outcomes. A new head impact dosimeter, the "Intelligent Mouth Guard" (IMG) has been developed and can be conveniently located inside the mouth. In this study, the IMG printed circuit board (PCB) including four (4) high-quality shock resistant sensors has been developed and implemented as a tri-axial impact analyzer in a mouthpiece. The bench-top validation process of the IMG was divided into theoretical uncertainty analysis of linear accelerometers, theoretical uncertainty analysis of angular rate sensors, bench-top uniaxial impact testing of linear accelerometers and bench-top uniaxial static testing of angular rate sensors. More specifically, this study also presents a method based on National Bureau of Standards (NBS) of analyzing measurement error for any components of a specialized electrical circuit and any types of data acquisition system. In the current application of an IMG printed circuit board (PCB), utilized for linear acceleration, angular acceleration and angular velocity measurements, has sensor uncertainties quantified. The uncertainty model is branched into two parts: The bias error (B) and


Cosmic Fullerenes Since the discovery of the buckminsterfullerene C60 in laboratory experiments, it has been speculated that fullerenes could form abundantly in carbon-rich evolved stars and, because of their stability, survive the harsh radiation field in the interstellar medium as a gas-phase species. Cami et al. (p. 1180; published online 22 July; see the Perspective by Ehrenfreund and Foing) have detected large amounts of fullerenes in a peculiar planetary nebula with an extremely hydrogen-poor dust formation zone. Contrary to expectations, the fullerenes are not gaseous; they are cool, are in a neutral charge state, and represent about 1.5% of the available carbon. Hydrogen-poor conditions allow fullerenes to form in space. In recent decades, a number of molecules and diverse dust features have been identified by astronomical observations in various environments. Most of the dust that determines the physical and chemical characteristics of the interstellar medium is formed in the outflows of asymptotic giant branch stars and is further processed when these objects become planetary nebulae. We studied the environment of Tc 1, a peculiar planetary nebula whose infrared spectrum shows emission from cold and neutral C60 and C70. The two molecules amount to a few percent of the available cosmic carbon in this region. This finding indicates that if the conditions are right, fullerenes can and do form efficiently in space.


Abstract We characterize natural implementability in exchange economies when a social choice correspondence possibly recommends a Pareto efficient allocation where the common marginal rate of substitution is not determined uniquely. We find that the no-envy and efficient (or fair) correspondence cannot be implemented by any natural mechanism with a price and a quantity announcement, but can be implemented by a natural mechanism with a price and two-quantity announcement. On the other hand, the constrained Walrasian correspondence can be implemented by a natural price-quantity mechanism with budget balance. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D51, D63, D78.


With the application of next-generation sequencing technology, bioinformatics analysis method for sequences have developed rapidly. There are many variable quantities and sub-methods to evaluate the quality of the base sequence. With comparing and analysis the tools of learning quality and content of the base sequence, we do a learning quality and content analysis experiment, and analyze the base sequence quality and content analysis steps including Per base sequence quality, Per base sequence content, Per base GC content, Per base N content, et al. Introduction The base sequence quality and content learning is one of the most important of bioinformatics analysis. The base sequence is including DNA-seq, RNA-seq, and is percentage of the four normal DNA bases such as A, G, C, T. DNA has four nitrogenous bases: (A) adenine, (T) thymine, (C) cytosine, and (G) guanine. RNA contains three of these bases (A), (C), and (G) but not (T). Uracil (U) is found in its place and complements adenine (A) instead in transcription. Transcription is the system that produces a complementary RNA sequence from a strand of DNA [1] [2]. Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase connects to the DNA template strand in an area called the promoter region and starts stringing together a new complementary RNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction. The resulting new strand of mRNA has complementary base pairs to the original DNA template. Therefore if the original DNA template strand read ACGT, the RNA strand will attach uracil to adenine so the complementary RNA strand will read UGCA. For the quality evaluation of the base sequence, we do a learning quality and content analysis experiment. The experiment results show the base sequence quality and content with Per base sequence quality, Per base sequence content, Per base GC content, Per base N content, et al. The Quality Evaluation of the Base Sequence There are many sequences quality control tools such as FastQC [2], FastX [3], Sickle [4], and RNA-SeQC [5], and some of these tools are including many variable quantities and sub-methods to evaluate the quality of the base sequence. We analysis all these tools and summarize four items to evaluate the quality of the base sequence such as Per base sequence quality, Per base sequence content, Per base GC content, Per base N content. After comparing the FastQC, FastX, Sickle, and RNA-SeQC, we select FastQC as a tool for learning quality and content of the base sequence with Per base sequence quality, Per base sequence content, Per base GC content, Per base N content, et al. Experiment Results Per Base Sequence Quality. Quality scores across all bases shows as Fig. 1. The x-axis on the graph shows the position in read, and the y-axis on the graph shows the quality scores. The quality scores is is Fred [6] [7]. 6th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0563 In Fig. 1, the background of the graph divides the y axis into very good quality calls (green), calls of reasonable quality (orange), and calls of poor quality (red). The quality of calls on most platforms will degrade as the run progresses, so it is common to see base calls falling into the orange area towards the end of a read. The blue line represents the mean quality, and its quality is all over 28 and is very good quality calls. The experiment result of this quality and content analysis step is entirely normal. Figure 1. Quality scores across all bases Per Base Sequence Content. Base sequence content across all bases shows as Fig. 2. The x-axis on the graph shows the position in read, and the y-axis on the graph shows the percentage of the four normal DNA bases such as A, G, C, T [8]. Figure 2. Content across all bases Per base sequence content plots out the proportion of each base position in a file for which each of the four normal DNA bases has been called. In a random library you would expect that there would be little to no difference between the different bases of a sequence run, so the lines in this plot should run parallel with each other. The relative amount of each base should reflect the overall amount of these bases in your genome, but in any case they should not be hugely imbalanced from each other. This module issues a warning if the difference between A and T, or G and C is greater than 10% in any position. This module will fail if the difference between A and T, or G and C is greater than 20% in any position. The red line, the blue line, the green line, and the black line respectively represent the 6th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0564 percentage of T, C, A, G in Fig. 2. The difference between A and T is greater than 50% in 30 position in read, and the difference between G and C is also greater than 50% in 35 position in read. The experiment result of this quality and content analysis step is very unusual. Per Base GC Content. GC content [9] [10] across all bases shows as Fig. 3. The x-axis on the graph shows the position in read, and the y-axis on the graph shows the percentage of G and C. Figure 3. GC content across all bases In a random library, there would be little to no difference between the different bases of a sequence run, so the line in this plot should run horizontally across the graph. The overall GC content should reflect the GC content of the underlying genome. If a GC bias which changes in different bases then this could indicate an overrepresented sequence which is contaminating library. A bias which is consistent across all bases either indicates that the original library was sequence biased, or that there was a systematic problem during the sequencing of the library. This module issues a warning it the GC content of any base strays more than 5% from the mean GC content. This module will fail if the GC content of any base strays more than 10% from the mean GC content. The red line represents the percentage of G and C in Fig. 3. There is greater than 50% in all position in read. The experiment result of this quality and content analysis step is very unusual. Per Base N Content. N content across all bases shows as Fig. 4. The x-axis on the graph shows the position in read, and the y-axis on the graph shows N content. Figure 4. N content across all bases 6th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0565 If a sequencer is unable to make a base call with sufficient confidence then it will normally substitute an N rather than a conventional base call. This module plots out the percentage of base calls at each position for which an N was called. It's not unusual to see a very low proportion of Ns appearing in a sequence, especially nearer the end of a sequence. However, if this proportion rises above a few percent it suggests that the analysis pipeline was unable to interpret the data well enough to make valid base calls. This module raises a warning if any position shows an N content more than 5%. This module will raise an error if any position shows an N content more than 20%. The red line represents N content in Fig. 5, and N content is more than 20% in 46 and 47 position in read. The experiment result of this quality controls analysis step is very unusual. Conclusion There are many variable quantities and sub-methods to evaluate the quality of the base sequence. For the quality evaluation of the base sequence, we study FastQC as a selected tool for learning quality and content of the base sequence, and do a learning quality and content analysis experiment. The experiment results show the base sequence quality and content with Per base sequence quality, Per base sequence content, Per base GC content, Per base N content, et al. Some of the experiment result of this quality controls analysis step is entirely normal or very unusual. With this paper for learning the base sequence quality and content, we can study and analysis base sequence better, and learning other bioinformatics analysis method more easy. Acknowledgement Corresponding author is Shi Henghua. The authors would like to acknowledge the supports provided by 2016 General Scientific Research Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (PXM2016_014207_000008).


In this paper, we give the measurability of the weak lower limit and the strong upper limit of a sequence of random seta, and Fatous lemmas for the weak lower limit and strong upper limit and Lebesgues dominated convergence theorem in the sense of Kuratowski convergence for multivalued conditional expectation of a sequence of random sets.


Abstract : A patent has been issued for a method for preparing (O-carboxybenzyl) ferrocene derivatives suitable for the synthesis of ferrocene dyes. The method involves the reaction of (O-carboxybenzyl) ferrocene or its derivatives with PCl3 in nitrogen at about 60C.


Summary Introduction.— In the relative age effect (RAE) literature, several papers have shown differ-ences in the relative effect of age on different play positions; however, combat sports, such asOlympic Judo, use weight categories. Objective. — This study aimed to investigate the RAE in different weight categories of judoathletes. Methods and subjects.— The study sample consisted of 1738 athletes who had competed in theOlympic Games. Results. — The present study showed that the RAE occurs in heavy athletes. Conclusion. — In conclusion, the RAE in combat sports, such as Olympic Judo, needs to beinvestigated in separate weight categories for a better analysis of the results.© 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. MOTS des CLES Effets combat de l'âgerelatif Objectif. ;Sports athletes de combat ;Categories de poids Resume Introduction. — Dans la bibliographie sur l'effet de l'âge relatif, certaines etudes montraient differences dansl'effet del'âge relatif en position jeu. Cependant, les sports c'est la categorie de poids qui etait utilisee.


The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to aquatic organisms. The effects of SDS were investigated using the hematological index of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Fish were exposed to control (0 mg/l), low dose (1.5 mg/l) and high dose (2.25 mg/l) of SDS over a 21day period. At the end of the treatment period, the control and the treatment groups were investigated for the hematological index [total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leukocyte count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), total platelet count (PLT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell volume (MCV)]. The results showed a significant increase in RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, ESR, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values of the group exposed to high SDS concentrations compared to those in the low-dose treatment and control (p<0.05) groups. At low SDS concentrations, the Hct value was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups (p<0.05).


The volcanic rocks of the Heishantou Formation in the area of Barleik, West Junggar, consist of gray purple (vesicular) almond andesite and almond shaped basaltic andesite, belonging to sub-alkaline series. High-precision LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that the rocks formed at the age of 349 8Ma, with MSWD=0.14 (95% conf.), suggesting an age of Early Carboniferous. These rocks are characterized by moderate Mg# (23.82~50.4), relatively high alkali (Na2O+K2O=3.74%~8.02%), and relative enrichment in Na, enrichment in LREE \[(La/Yb)N=2.87~13.41\] and well fractionated \[(La/Sm)N=1.46~3.41\], and weak HREE fractionation \[(Gd/Yb)N=1.46~3.48\]. Only part of the samples shows weak negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.82~1.47). Large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, eg., Ba, Th, K and Sr) are relatively enriched, especially Ba and K, and high field-strength elements (HFSEs, eg., Nb, Ta, and Ti) are depleted, but Zr and Hf slightly enriched. Geochemical features indicate that the volcanic rocks are the products of metasomatism between subduction-zone fluids and lithospheric mantle. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the volcanic rocks derived from active continental margin. The determination of the age and tectonic environment information of volcanic rocks from the Heishantou Formation provides new evidence for further understanding of the tectonic evolution in the area of Barleik in West Junggar.


There is provided an optoelectronic device comprising a support (10) comprising a semiconducting material, a contact layer (20) on the support (10), and an opto-electronic semiconductor body (50) on the contact layer (20), wherein the contact layer (20 ) comprises a material which is a reaction product of the material of the carrier (10) with a metal or a metal alloy. There is further provided a method of manufacturing the optoelectronic component.


Fiber optic evanescent wave absorption sensors based on four different designs are described. The launching condition and the geometry of the sensing region are found to be the main parameters that can influence the sensitivity of the sensor. High sensitivity is achieved by launching the selected rays into the fiber having tapered sensing regions. The experimental results obtained are qualitatively explained using a simple model based on meridional rays.


The integration of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) into our private practice in order to create a more efficient workflow and office environment has been a challenging and time-consuming work-in-progress affair. While transitioning to a digital environment, we began to incorporate PACS into our daily practice. Since 2005, we have been working with our PACS vendor to continue to change our PACS to suit our needs. We worked through initial connectivity and technical issues, and these problems were resolved through the combined efforts of our PACS vendor, the imaging vendors, and our dedicated homegrown IT and PACS departments. As time has progressed, over the last 4 years so has the role PACS has played in our office. We continually make innovations within our facility to create more efficient workflow and office environment, but also continue to provide excellent patient care, and our PACS continue to play a major role.


Experiments performed on heterogeneous and homogeneous tissue-simulating phantoms demonstrate that spatially modulated illumination enables depth-resolved imaging and wide-field optical property mapping in turbid media.


Abstract In this review essay of Michelle Montague's The Given we focus on the central thesis in the book: the awareness of awareness thesis. On that thesis, a state of awareness constitutively involves an awareness of itself. In Section 2, we discuss what the awareness of awareness thesis amounts to, how it contrasts with the transparency of experience, and how it might be motivated. In Section 3, we discuss one of Montague's two theoretical arguments for the awareness of awareness thesis. A view that accepts the awareness of awareness thesis, Montague argues, is to be preferred over competing views because it outperforms them in accounting for the property attributions one makes in perceptual experience. We suggest that it is not clear that this argument for the awareness of awareness thesis is successful. Finally, in Section 4 we consider the relation between Montague's view of color experience and what she calls Strawson's datum, arguing that Montague may not be able to explain this datum as straightforwardly as she supposes. This, we suggest, threatens Montague's second theoretical argument for the awareness of awareness thesis.