Subject
 Somalia's fishery potential.

 Significance
 Somalia has a long coastline and seas abundant in much-sought-after tuna and other species, opening up a new economic portal for a country recovering from civil war. Its waters were recently inaccessible because of the prevalence of piracy, resulting in an untapped fishery market whose seas are becoming more secure for local and international vessels.

 Impacts
 Chinese deep-sea fishing off Somalia could pave the way for other nations to follow suit, helping Somalia return to the world stage.
 China will have a stronger interest in preventing any return to Indian Ocean piracy.
 If Chinese fishermen are seen to be flouting regulations, local tensions will rise and there could be retaliatory violence.
 Since Somali per capita fish consumption is relatively low, the fisheries market will be export-oriented.


The microstructure and Vickers hardness of the AlxCrCuFeNi2(x=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 in molar ratio) high-entropy alloys with as-cast and heat-treated states were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggested that for the Al0.5 alloy annealed at 900,an incomplete phase transformation from FCC to BCC occurred, while for the Al2.0 alloy as heated at 500 and 700, a converse phase transformation from BCC to FCC was obtained. Compared with the as-cast dendrites, after heat treatment, the microstructure of the alloys was obviously coarsened or spheroidized or homogenized, whereas the resultant hardness has almost not decreased even at high heating temperatures, which indicated the probability of ordering for this alloy system and thus effectively compensating the stress and structural relaxations. The Al2.0 alloy reached the maximum hardness value of 610 HV by annealing at 1100, which might be ascribed to the worm-like nanoprecipitations and the enhanced fraction of B2-ordered precipitations. By cold rolling, the Al0.5 alloy is able to reach the yield strength of 1055 MPa and the fracture strength of 1179 MPa, which was a significant improvement in comparison with the as-cast alloy.


A fast stereo-matching algorithm designed to operate in the presence of noise is described. The algorithm has its roots in the zero-crossing theory of Marr and Poggio but does not explicitly match zero-crossing contours. While these contours are for the most part stably tied to fixed surface locations, some fraction is always perturbed significantly by system noise. Zero-crossing contour based matching algorithms tend to I- very sensitive to these local distortions and ar, prevented from operating well on signals with moderate noise levels even though a substantial amount of information may still be present. The dual representation�regions of constant sign in the V2G convolution persist much further into the noise than does the local geometry of the zero-crossing contours that delimit them. The PRISM system was designed to test this approach. The initial design task of the implementation has been to rapidly detect obstacles in a robotics work space and determine their rough extents and heights. In this case speed and reliability are important but precision is less critical. The system uses a pair of inexpensive vidicon cameras mounted above the workspace of a PUMA robot manipulator. The digitized video signals are fed to a high speed digital convolver that applies a 322 VG operator to the images at a 106 pixel per second rate. Matching is accomplished in software on a lisp machine with individual near/far tests taking less than i3luth of a second. A 36 by 26 matrix of absolute height measurements - in mm - over a 100 pixel disparity range is produced in 30 seconds from image acquisition to final output. Three scales of resolution are used in a coarse guides fine search. Acknowledgment: This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of 'Technology Support for the laboratory's artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-80-C-0505 and in part by National Science Foundation Grant 79-23110MCS.


The processes of vibrational relaxation and unimolecular dissociation of the perfluoromethyl halides CF3Cl, CF3Br, and CF3I have been studied in the shock tube with the laser-schlieren technique. Vibrational relaxation was resolved in pure CF3Cl and CF3Br (400–484 K and 400–500 K, respectively), and in the mixtures; 2% CF3Cl/Kr (500–1000 K), 10% CF3Cl/Kr (440–670 K), 4% CF3Br/Kr (450–850 K), and 2% CF3I/Kr (620–860 K). Relaxation in the pure gases is extremely rapid, but shows a well-resolved, accurately exponential decay which provides very precise relaxation times in close agreement with ultrasonic results. Relaxation times as short as 0.1 μs-atm can be resolved, showing the method has a resolution within a factor 2–3 of the best ultrasonic methods. Relaxation dilute in rare gas shows a complex double exponential behavior consistent with a two-stage series process. Rates of CF3(SINGLEBOND)X fission in these mixtures were measured over 1800–3000 K, P<0.55 atm, for CF3Cl; 1600–2500 K, P<0.55 atm, in CF3Br; and 1260–2100 K, P<0.34 atm, in CF3I. Rates for dissociation were derived from a full profile modeling using a secondary mechanism of six CF3 reactions. RRKM analysis showed all dissociations to lie near the low pressure limit. Using literature barriers, these rates are best fit with (ΔE)all=−270 cm−1 for CF3Cl, 〈ΔE〉down=0.3 T for CF3Br, and 〈ΔE〉down=800 cm−1 for CF3F. All these transfers are on the large side, similar to those found in other halogenated methanes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A major component of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's productivity improvement efforts has been the Quality of Worklife (QWL) Survey. Use of the survey in an action-research approach has enabled managers and employees to focus in on productivity problems without losing sight of work environment objectives. Survey findings are presented and survey methodologies reviewed for possible applications by other organizations.


Objective: Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are frequently in need for sedation. Use of propofol has been associated with impaired oxygenator function due to adsorption to the membrane as well as lipid load. The aim of our retrospective analysis was to compare two different sedation regimens containing either propofol or midazolam with respect to oxygenator running time. Methods: Midazolam was used in 73 patients whereas propofol was used in 49 patients, respectively. In the propofol group, veno-arterial–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used predominantly (84%), while veno-venous–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used more often in the midazolam group (64%). Results: Oxygenator running time until first exchange was 7 days in both groups (p = 0.759). No statistically significant differences could be observed between the subgroup of patients receiving lipid-free (n = 24) and lipid-containing (n = 31) parenteral nutrition, respectively. Laboratory parameters like triglycerides, free hemoglobin, fibrinogen, platelets, and activated partial thromboplastin time were not significantly different between both sedation regimens (p = 0.462, p = 0.489, p = 0.960, p = 0.134, and p = 0.843) and were not associated with oxygenator running time. Conclusion: The use of propofol as sedative seems suitable in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.


An area of increasing importance to the military is that of secure and jam‐resistant transmission of voice information. As digital techniques are the more promising means of achieving jamming protection and secure encoding, it is necessary to consider the effects of the analog‐to‐digital‐to‐analog processing on the speech itself. The articulation‐effectiveness measure will be used to compare the reconstituted speech resulting from various processing methods, such as infinite clipping, delta modulation, and selective amplitude sampling. The results are presented as articulation effectiveness as a function of quantization level for the various schemes, and as a function of various types of modulation used. The articulation‐effectiveness measure is a numerical measure of sound articulation, the importance of each sound being weighted by its frequency of occurrence.


Objective: Through the analysis of differentiation of T cell subsets and dendritic cells(DC) subsets in MRL before and after treatment with Yiqi Bushen Granule,we tried to study on differentiation of T cell subsets and peripheral blood DC cells subsets in MRL after treatment with Yiqi Bushen Granule and its significance of the MRL prognosis.Methods: Using flow cytometer to detect Myeloid DC(mDC),Plasmacytoid DC(pDC) and T cell subsets(T,Th,Tc) of 36 MRL cases before and after treatment with Yiqi Bushen Granule and to compare with 34 healthy volunteer.Results: Compared with normal controls,percentages and absolute values of pDC,Th,absolute value of mDC and Th/Tc were lower,Tc was higher significantly.After the treatment,percentages and absolute values of pDC,mDC and Th in peripheral blood were significantly improved,Th cells percentage lowered,Th/Tc rose up obviously.Conclusion: Yiqi Bushen Granule may improve MRL paients' immune out-of-banlance state and enhance immunologic function of patients through increasing the MRL patients' peripheral blood DC cells and Th cells percentage and absolute value in order to restrain the remaining leukemia cells in the body,and extend the MRL diseasefree survival.


Submitted to the Higher Education and Training Awards Council (HETAC) in
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Letterkenny Institute of Technology, June 2006


Given a graph $H$, the Turan number $ex(n,H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We make progress on a recent conjecture of Conlon, Janzer, and Lee on the Turan numbers of bipartite graphs, which in turn yields further progress on a conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits. Let $s,t,k\geq 2$ be integers. Let $K_{s,t}^k$ denote the graph obtained from the complete bipartite graph $K_{s,t}$ by replacing each edge $uv$ in it with a path of length $k$ between $u$ and $v$ such that the $st$ replacing paths are internally disjoint. It follows from a general theorem of Bukh and Conlon that $ex(n,K_{s,t}^k)=\Omega(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{sk}})$. Conlon, Janzer, and Lee recently conjectured that for any integers $s,t,k\geq 2$, $ex(n,K_{s,t}^k)=O(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{sk}})$. Among many other things, they settled the $k=2$ case of their conjecture. As the main result of this paper, we prove their conjecture for $k=3,4$. Our main results also yield infinitely many new so-called Turan exponents: rationals $r\in (1,2)$ for which there exists a bipartite graph $H$ with $ex(n, H)=\Theta(n^r)$, adding to the lists recently obtained by Jiang, Ma, Yepremyan, by Kang, Kim, Liu, and by Conlon, Janzer, Lee. Our method builds on an extension of the Conlon-Janzer-Lee method. We also note that the extended method also gives a weaker version of the Conlon-Janzer-Lee conjecture for all $k\geq 2$.


This paper presents a new speaker recognition method using the improved initialization of the FCM clustering algorithm and fuzzy vector quantization. It relaxes the FCM membership normalization of conditions. Also, we introduce a new initial clus- tering algorithm, which can have better effectiveness of the cluster in the existence of the opposition point. And this way avoids the result to maintain the local minimum problem. The experimental results show that this new method is feasible and effective. Keywords: Fuzzy vector quantization, Fuzzy C-mean clustering algorithm (FCM), Speaker recognition


Historically, black visual art has held significance beyond its surface value as a source of beauty or entertainment. Black art has a long tradition of connections to activism. Black art advocates promoted the idea that art should be wielded as a tool for black advancement. However, in recent years, cultural theorists have declared that black art history has developed beyond this point and entered an era of post-blackness. Against this backdrop, I analyze the creative practices of contemporary black visual artists in Atlanta, GA to explore the varied ways that their art is a locus for activism and sociopolitical commentary. Their artistry is the basis for my interrogation of the question, what is this present moment in black art history, and what are the features of contemporary black artistic production? Aesthetic Liberation: Contemporary Black Visual Art and Typologies of Activism in Atlanta


The paper deals with the current Euro crisis and is trying to find out the reasons for this very unsuccessful development in the whole history of its preparation and then also acceptance of the first 12 members of the Euro zone and its further development mainly characterized by the evident disrespect for the obligatory Maastricht Treaty Euro convergence criteria not only by the Eurozone member states but what is even more negative by the EU institutions namely by the European Commission as the main gaurantor of the Treaties.


The moment method is employed to study the characteristics of cylindrical Couette gas flow under rarefied conditions. Computed velocity profiles from the linearised R13 and R26 moment equations are compared with direct simulation Monte Carlo data. It is found that the moment method can extend the macroscopic equations into the early transition regime, but the surface curvature narrows the validity range of the macroscopic models. The slip velocity on the inner and outer cylinder is not equal due to curvature effects and the torque acting on the cylinder wall decreases as the rarefaction becomes stronger.


Updated top 25 pediatric diagnoses based on 2008-2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, increased occurrence of asthma, contact dermatitis, influenza, acute otitis media, and influenza vaccination


A 3-D ray equation on optical trajectory of laser propagation in the laser-driven fusion is firstly proposed. According to planar-geometry, for a 3-D planar grid, the mathematical formulas on 3-D zone density and relevant gradient is obtained. A direct tracing method of the laser ray-path is provided. Computation and uniformity analysis of laser energy deposition is done. Finally, from the dynamics of laser-plasma interaction and the experimental technology, the uniformity issue of energy deposition is discussed and a point of view is proposed for improving the uniformity of laser energy deposition.


ABSTRACT
In the last three decades the industry of the production of aggregates has grown vertiginously due to the great demand that has been experienced. The construction industry began to develop and grow little by little, since the year 1990 the highway projects were driven by the current government. The lines of communication had been left to chance in such a way that it was very noticeable to know that the first-order tracks showed deterioration of a pavement that is subject to adverse conditions such as high traffic, excessive weight applied, exposure to the weather , abrupt climate changes, etc. Likewise, in the years 1997 forward the qualification of the mining projects that were always talked about began and there was never the firm decision to exploit the metallic deposits for different reasons, it is then that transnational companies arrive to the country, and with the support of local companies develop the first jobs with very high standards of quality, safety, and work. The development of projects in the mining and construction sector have forced contractors to improve and implement their obsolete machinery, change for others with new technology and somewhat complex mechanisms, they had to acquire more versatile machinery with different technologies to those that are normally found in the middle, mainly in the crushers and vibrating shakers. There are several types of machines that intervene in the production of aggregates such as horizontal shaft hammer crushers, vertical shaft crushers, jaw crushers, etc. According to the need that the project demands, the type of machinery that would be used to obtain the desired product is selected, considering that the same production activity must always be economically beneficial. It is then that I find the need to investigate the performance factors involved in this productive activity, from now on I will develop the arguments that should be considered for the improvement in the whole system that composes a rock crushing plant, and establish a practical method based in the identification of errors as a bottleneck, also called restriction.
The present work has been developed with the purpose of evaluating opportunities for improvement in the different stages of aggregate production, the same that takes place in a rock crushing plant. The established production structure has not been the correct one, therefore, studies of the production ratios, the quality of the raw material, the final products, and the economic results of each activity have been carried out. Initially the production ratios were at 17.54 m3 / hour, after studying the process, it has been determined that the production would increase to 36.5 m3 / hour applying a new method. It is recommended to take the proposal that completely changes the structure of the crushing system, this guarantees the fulfillment of the contractual deadlines of the project, maintains the desired quality characteristics of the products, and saves time and money.


The Anthropocene era demands a future alternative to the current state of play. The aim of this study is to analyze spatial and climate governance and policy through a critical geographical study of the island of Mallorca (Spain), an example of the model of urban development and tourism growth that has generated acute environmental impacts. Beginning with the European Union and Spain, the work then narrows its focus to the case study of Mallorca. The study is based on a review of the academic literature, statistical sources, and an analysis of the content of spatial and climate policy in Spain and the Balearic Islands. The work reflects on the flawed spatial planning responses to climate change and outlines strategies to adopt more radical measures for effective climate action. The work identifies six main shortcomings and makes proposals to tackle the challenges of the Anthropocene in Mallorca, responding to each of the deficiencies detected. The article seeks to encourage reflection and proposes key strategies for spatial governance and climate policy to lend coherence to the fight against climate change.


Design rainfall is an important input to hydrological studies needed for urban stormwater design and various other water resources design tasks. Design rainfall is generally expressed in the form of intensity-frequency-duration (IFD) curves. A number of steps are involved in the development of IFD curves. One of the most important steps in deriving IFD curves is the selection of a suitable probability distribution for at-site rainfall frequency analysis. When recorded rainfall data length is not long enough, which is a common problem in arid regions, the selection of appropriate probability distribution in frequency analysis becomes a difficult task. This paper focuses on the selection of a suitable probability distribution in rainfall frequency analysis in Qatar using twenty nine rainfall stations in Qatar. This is the largest rainfall dataset available in Qatar for the first time as a part of a national project on design rainfall estimation and development of national stormwater guideline. A number of goodness-of-fit tests are applied in this study, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Anderson-Darling test and Chi-squared test to select the best fit probability distribution for 24-hour annual maximum rainfall. A total of fourteen candidate distributions are considered. It has been found that Generalised Extreme Value distribution is the best fit distribution, followed by Log-logistic distribution. The findings of this research will assist in developing updated IFD curves for national application in Qatar.


Abstract In this paper, I argue that the theory of mental files can provide a unitary cognitive account of how names and singular terms work in fiction. I will suggest that the crucial notion we need is not the one of regular file, i.e., a file whose function is to accumulate information that we take to be about a single object of the outside world, but the notion of indexed file, i.e., a file that stands, in the subject's mind, for another subject's file about an object. When we read a novel containing the name of an individual, we acquire (fictional) information about that individual and we store those pieces of information into an indexed file. If the name also refers to a real individual outside the context of fiction, the indexed file is linked with the pre-existing regular file that we have about such individual. Otherwise, the indexed file is linked to a regular file referring to an abstract object, namely the fictional entity itself.


The Internet today corresponds to a Feudal society, where fortress walls (firewalls) surround villages (LANs), little pockets of civilization connected by lawless highways (insecure networks) infested by bandits (hackers). The emergence of the World Wide Web and Java have shown the way towards a true civilization of electronic objects, although it does not yet exist. To assist in its evolution, we propose to extend the World Wide Web and Java with object-oriented, distributed OS services, implemented in Java. The goal is to make it commonplace for applications and objects to be distributed across unrelated sites and for mobile objects and agents to travel and trade freely around the world. We describe some problems such a system faces, such as in the areas of security and performance, and give a high-level design that addresses them.


TPA/TPSA/MDA are informal Islamic educational institutions. These institutions are expected to give hopes for Moslems for quality improvement of their children. However, such institutions are not yet professionally managed. Fund constrains, less professional management, less systematic curriculums and less qualified teachers are the major common problems faced by the institutions. Consequently, the quality of learning process cannot be well assured. As one of the most influential components of learning, the teachers are not well selected and prepared. Most teachers are volunteers. They are not well prepared, especially in the area of child developmental psychology. This paper elaborates the importance of child developmental psychology to be possessed by teachers who are prepared to be more qualified in teaching at TPA/TPSA/MDA. Kata Kunci:   TPA/TPSA/MDA, psikologi perkembangan, perkembangan anak


Literary translation is the most important form of intercultural communication. The translator is confronted with a difficult task: he or she has to translate the literary works and cast them, shape and form them, polish them up, and if necessary even transform them, whereas he or she still to large extent has to remain faithful to the original. At the same time he or she must function as a cultural manager in bridging the gap between both cultures. The novel Fužine Blues, published in 2001, is the second novel written by Andrej E. Skubic. It brought him the nomination for the prestigious Kresnik Prize. The novel tells a story about four people that live in Fužine and is portrayed entirely through the language they use. The story takes place in one single day – 13th June 2000 – the day of the football match between Slovenia and Yugoslavia. The author uses three main sociolects to portray the story: the excess sociolect of Peter Sokic and Igor Scinkavec, the overcultivated sociolect of Vera Erjavec and the marginal sociolect of Janina Paskovic. In my thesis I focus on the translation of each sociolect and its characteristics. The chosen sociolects possess distinct characteristics that are reflected in three fields: phonology, syntax and lexis. However, my main emphasis lies on the translation of the field of lexis. There are many different approaches for translating sociolect(s); however, there are some shortcomings in this translation that could have been avoided. Some features did not catch the needed attention of the translator or simply got lost during the process of translation.


Abstract: The research aims to increase student learning achievement on the subject structure of atoms and the periodic system of elements in class X SMAN 2 Tanah Putih Rokan Hilir. This research was of experiment research with pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted in SMAN 2 Tanah Putih Rokan Hilir. The samples of this research were the students of class X5 as the experimental class and students of class X4 as the control class. In experimental class was applied cooperative learning type Snowball Drilling model, while the control class was not. Data analysis technique used is the t-test. Based on analysis of data obtained tcount>ttable is 4,98 > 1,67, means that the application of model cooperative learning type Snowball Drilling can improve student achievement on the subject structure of atoms and the periodic system of elements in class X SMAN 2 Tanah Putih increase learning achievement category in the experimental class is based on the normalized gain score (N-Gain) relatively high at 0,84. Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Snowball Drilling, LearningAchievement, Atomic Structure and Element of the Periodic System.


Hypoferritinemia Without Anemia The Possible Diagnostic Thought
 Hassan Al-Jafar , Saud Al-Fadli , Fatma Al-Thelab , Mubark Al-Aqeel
 Introduction : Iron metabolism still an active area in research work which provide more knowledge of aetiology and pathogenesis of the diseases and provide new treatment methods based on the new research results . HWA is one of the metabolic disorders where all the investigations are withen normal reference ranges . HWA patients could have long standing complain , while few HWA patients have no complains . The normal all results make HWA a hidden disease with lack in the exact underling cause . Iron deficiency anemia ( IDA ) and latent iron deficiency anemia
 ( LIDA ) are easy to diagnose from the clinical and the laboratory results , where IDA has anemia and LIDA has at least one paremeter in complete blood count that indicate a stage of pre-iron deficiency anemia . HWA desease has normal results except low ferritin level , ehat make pre-pre-IDA or pre-LIDA with normal transferrin saturation a stutus which was not described before . In the letreture serum ferritin found to be low in canins due to autoantibodies , also there could be another factors which not yet known that may affect iron metabolism and causing HWA .
 Aim: This research project is looking for interpretation for HWA to treat it by methods other than iron or iron infusion as many unpleasant and side effects accompanied both oral and intravenous iron treatment.
 Methodology and tools: From our hospital data and from the outpatient department 75 Patients 36 male and 39 females were reviewed to detect the variations of complete blood count parameters in comparison with iron status.
 Tools: Complete blood count (CBC), HPLC, serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin. Including criteria: Adult male and female patients, normal HPLC results. Excluding criteria: Abnormal HPLC, Family history of hemoglobinopathy disorders for patients investigated prospectively, patients on iron treatment excluded from this study.
 Results:
 In IDA group usually all the parameters indicate IDA. In LIDA group at least one parameter or more indicate iron deficiency. In HWA group only, ferritin is low and transferrin saturation is normal while it is expected to be low if HWA underling aetiology is iron deficiency. Table [ 1]
 Conclusion:
 IDA and LIDA are easly diagnosed , while HWA has only low serum ferritin which is not routinely done. In HWA the results are not going with the usual parameters of iron metabolism and homeostasis, when low ferritin found with normal transferrin saturation in the same sampling days. HWA could be just an early pre- LIDA or may be a low ferritin reference range in some countries especially when the patient has no complains, or the body could have another unknow storage mechanisms other than ferritin. HWA also might be hormonal deficiency which reduce acute reactive proteins which could affect serum ferritin level or HWA could be an antibody against ferritin which has no influence on serum iron, but it renders serum ferritin lower than normal. HWA is important from many aspects , first it is a hidden disorder which need to be known by the physicians for diagnosis and treatment and it is important from academic point of view to answer to its indecisive aetiology and pathogenesis especially when it has a controversy in low ferritin and normal transferrin saturation . Adding more research tools as hepcidin test could provide more information to understand HWA disorder better.
 References:
 1-Wei Wang , Mary Knovich , Lan G.Coffman Frank M, Torti , Suzy V. Torti , Serum ferritin :Past , Present and future
 Biochim Biophys acta , 2010 August ; 1800 (8) : 760-769
 2-Hassan Al-Jafar, HWA: Hypoferritinemia without a hidden hematology disorder, journal of family medicine and primary care 2017, volume: 6, issue: 1 p 69-72

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The Role of Zakat, Infak, and Sadaqah in the Development of Small Businesses in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Operations. The rise of small businesses that support the community's economy is central to poverty alleviation. What plays a role when small businesses are the main issue of community-based economic solutions related to the Islamic religion through baitul mal wat tamwil. The method used to build this research is a literature review by collecting several reliable sources. As well as combining with various phenomena that occur in society. The phenomenon in society is that Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil is an economic institution that promotes saving activities and provides financing to small entrepreneurs. In addition, BMT is also equipped with Baitul Maal activities which are more social in nature. The joining of these two activities is very much needed in empowering the poor. In its operations, BMT implements the sharia system. Meanwhile, in theory Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil, which is abbreviated as BMT, is a supporting institution to improve the quality of small business entrepreneurs based on the sharia system. BMT can and should be used as a business partner for various small entrepreneurs in developing their business, because the partnership pattern is a practical form of a congregational way of carrying out all muamalah matters.


A 1.1-m reflectarray antenna has been designed, manufactured, and tested to fulfill the requirements of a satellite antenna in Ku-band that provides South-American coverage in Tx and Rx. The reflectarray cells consist of four dipoles for each polarization in two dielectric layers, selected because of their simplicity and high performance. The dipole dimensions are optimized in all the reflectarray cells to accomplish the prescribed radiation patterns, by iteratively calling an analysis routine based on method of moments in spectral domain and local periodicity. The measured radiation patterns of the manufactured antenna have been satisfactorily compared with simulations and with a three-layer reflectarray previously designed, manufactured, and tested for the same mission.


【Objective】 This experiment was carried out to elucidate the different effects of the fruit-bearing agents and artificial pollination on sugar accumulation and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes during the developing period of muskmelon fruit,in order to provide a theoretical basis on the quality cultivation of melon.【Method】 With "Zaomi" as the experimental material,the changes of sugar accumulation and activities of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism were compared in the development of muskmelon under three conditions,artificial pollination,spraying "Fumeite" fruit-bearing agent and "Dihao" fruit-bearing agent.The physiological indexes were exploited every 5 days.【Result】 The results showed that "Zaomi" had high content of sugar and fructose,but sugar mainly accumulated in maturing stage.And there was an obvious "knee point" 20 days after blooming.There was a higher activity of sucrose invertase enzyme in the early fruit development and higher synthase activity in the mature.Muskmelon fruit that used the fruit-bearing agent of "Fumeite" had a significant increase in soluble sugar content and sugar content,while the difference was not obvious between "Dihao" and artificial pollination.The sucrose synthase activites increased significantly and the inverts activities reduced under the condition of using "Fumeite" in the later developing period.【Conclusion】 Using the fruit-bearing agents can change the sugar accumulation and has an impact on sucrose metabolism-related enzyme activities.Proper fruit-bearing agents can improve the quality of melon.


The creep deformation behaviour of two heats of nuclear grade type 316 stainless steel has been studied at 823 Κ at stress levels of 216, 245, 275 and 294 MPa, with test durations exceeding 84000 hours. Normal creep behaviour was observed at all stress levels except at 216 MPa. The creep deformation behaviour at 216 MPa was characterised by renewed primary and secondary creep stages for both heats of material. This anomalous behaviour is found to depend on carbon content and grain size of the material.


Objective To study the role of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis in comprehensive diagnosis to differentiate malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules(SPNs) with multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT).Methods 177 SPNs were examined with MSCT and pathologically confirmed by surgery and/or needle biopsy.All MSCT images were assessed and graded by three senior radiologists on the basis of malignant likelihood of morphological and density characteristics.According to the maximum diameter(D),ROC curves were constructed and optimal thresholds were determined for diagnosis of malignancy in SPNS of D≤3.0 cm,2.0 cmD≤3.0 cm and D≤2.0 cm.ROC analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of MSCT in differentiating malignant from benign SPNs.The area under the ROC curve(Az) was used as an index for diagnostic efficiency with MSCT.Az values were statistically analyzed by Z-test.Results Az values of ROC curves were 0.879±0.030 in SPNs of D≤3.0 cm,0.899±0.039 in SPNs of 2.0 cmD≤3.0 cm and 0.867±0.044 in SPNs of D≤2.0 cm.The differences were statistically significant according to the Z-test(P0.05).The three optimal thresholds for diagnosis of malignancy were 3.0,3.5 and 2.5.Conclusion Application of ROC analysis is of obvious value in the differential diagnosis of SPNs with comprehensive imaging characteristics obtained by MSCT.It is favorable to combine the diagnosis of SPNs by MSCT with the malignant probability and to improve the treatment of SPNs in clinical practice.


1, 2, 3, have been revised in light of the reviewers' comments. Background: 1, 2, have added current citation reviewing GBC and a several sentences describing the rationale behind choosing NCTD in light of the reviewers' comme nts.


The training provision and skill level of the labour force of a nation has been widely regarded as essential to organizational and national performance in an era of accelerating global competition. China, with one of the largest labour forces in the world, has often been criticized for the low quality of its labour supply. This paper critically examines the vocational training system and enterprise training provision in China. It analyses the role of the state and employers, and the main characteristics and problems in the training provision. The paper identifies the likely groups of workers missing out in the training network. It also contemplates the prospect of training in China against the context of its recent WTO accession, an increasing level of foreign investment in the country and, more importantly, its recent radical restructuring of the state-owned sectors and its rapid expansion of private sectors including the informal sector.


The growth and competitiveness of each country depends strongly on how companies are carrying out their logistics processes; in order to fulfill the client's expectations in terms of goods and services. Within this, the most critical process and that greater investment entails for a company is to carry the demanded goods to the client, which is known as freight transport...


A microwave dielectric method for nondestructive instantaneous determination of bulk density and moisture content of pine pellets is presented. The method is based on measurement of dielectric properties,and , at microwave frequencies. Bulk density was determined from a complex-plane representation of the dielectric properties and does not require moisture content and temperature to be known. Moisture content was determined from measured and independent of bulk density with a density-independent calibration function. The standard error of calibration for bulk density was about 0.02 g/cm3 and that of moisture content was about 0.4%.


A closed-form solution for calculating strains produced by temperature change in semiconductor chip bonding structures is obtained on the basis of assumption of the beam theory and elasto-perfect plastic bonding layers. This solution shows good agreement with three-dimensional FEM results and experimental results. New parameters governing the strains produced in the bonding structures are obtained on the basis of this solution. Charts using these parameters to obtain the maximum shearing strains of the bonding layers and the maximum normal stresses of the chips are presented.


Abstract Analysis of CCD images of Triton obtained with the 1.5-m telescope on Palomar Mountain shows that in the time period surrounding the Voyager 2 encounter with the satellite (1985-1990), no changes in the satellite's visual albedo or color occurred. The published observations of Triton in the 0.35- to 0.60-μm spectral region obtained between 1950 and 1990 were reanalyzed to detect historical variability in both its albedo and visual color. Analysis of the photometry indicates that there is little, if any, change in Triton's visual geometric albedo. This result is consistent with the albedo pattern observed by Voyager and the change in sub-Earth latitude. Two distinct types of color changes are evident: a significant secular increase in the blue region of the visual spectrum since at least the 1950s, and the reported dramatic reddening of Triton's spectrum in the late 1970s. The latter change can be explained only by a short-lived geological phenomenon. Triton's changing pole orientation with respect to a terrestrial observer cannot explain the secular color changes. These changes imply volatile transport on a global scale on Triton's surface during the past 4 decades. We present two models which show that either removal of a red volatile from Triton's polar cap or deposition of a blue volatile in the equatorial regions can explain the secular color changes. A third possibility is that the changes are the result of the α-β phase transition of nitrogen and subsequent fracturing of the polar cap region (N. S. Duxbury and R. H. Brown, 1993, Science 261,748).


We designed a cross-linking polymerization system composed of inter- and intramolecular reactions on the basis of the model of the characteristic random coil morphology of macromolecules in solution. The cross-linking process in the system was controlled, and the soluble intramolecularly cross-linked macromolecule was successfully prepared in concentrated solution. It was found that this kind of macromolecule tends to form molecular clusters in solution by measuring molecular sizes and that the formation and dissociation of molecular clusters is in a nonequilibrium state, which could be a unique solution behavior of cross-linked macromolecules.


It is often difficult to adequately treat the entire perforated interval in a damaged, gravel packed well. Foam was evaluated in the laboratory as a diverting technique for hydrofluoric acid treatments, and encouraging results led to field evaluation of foam diverting in 12 wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Generation of stable foam at low pump rates were aided by the use of a coil tubing unit, which further enhances treatment results by enabling the various fluids to be spotted at or below the perforated interval. Two different techniques were used in these treatments: staged foam injection and foam injection during the third of the treatment. Production data was used to evaluate the foam diverting technique. Also, temperature logs were run before and after one treatment to provide further information on the benefits of foam. Advantages a disadvantages of foam diverting as well as treatment design procedures, laboratory data, and production data relating to foam diverting in matrix hydrofluoric acid treatments are presented in this paper.


The present study aims to analyze the higher brain functions in patients with cephalalgia. These individuals have been treated in the outpatient area of the HOSPITAL PROVINCIAL GENERAL DOCENTE of RIOBAMBA between 2018- 2019. A total of 50 clinical records of patients with neurological diseases were collected. From there, a sample of 29 individuals who presented cephalalgia and a neuropsychological evaluation carried out using the Neuropsi test was chosen. This research work is a quantitative, documentary and bibliographic study with a transversal and descriptive design. Moreover, an observation guide was used which included informative data, neurological diagnoses, and results from Neuropsi tests. The obtained results indicated that the affected higher brain functions were the attention- concentration, memory, language, and the executive brain functions. Finally, to correlate these results with a solution, a psychoeducational action was proposed. Thus, we expected that the patients and the neurological area staff will have more and better information to address this problematic.


Molecular-dynamics calculations are reported for systems of ions in which the contribution to the interionic forces arising from polarization is taken explicitly into account. Two models of polarization are considered: a modification of that used for alkali-halide molecules by Tosi and Doyama and a simplified version of the shell model of lattice dynamics. In each case the effects of polarization are superimposed on an underlying rigid-ion pair potential of the type proposed by Tosi and Fumi. Calculations of the phonon spectra show that use of either model leads to agreement with experimental data on solid NaCl, which is considerably better than that achieved with the Tosi-Fumi potential alone; good results are also obtained for solid KI. Calculations for molten KI based on the shell model show that the effect of polarization in the liquid state is to increase significantly the diffusion coefficients, particularly that of the positive ion, and decrease the shear viscosity, but the effect on electrical conductivity is almost negligible. These results are broadly consistent with the known adequacy of the rigid-ion-model to account for the transport coefficients of molten alkali halides. Polarization is also shown to lead to a reduction in the characteristic frequencies and a considerably increased damping of collective longitudinal-optic-type modes in the liquid. The effect on other collective modes is less pronounced.


The conversion of early stage tumors into invasive malignancies with an aggressive phenotype has been associated with the irreversible loss of E‐cadherin expression. The loss of E‐cadherin expression in human tumors, including breast cancer, has been attributed to promoter CpG island hypermethylation and direct inhibition by transcriptional repressors. Recent evidence demonstrates that up‐regulation of E‐cadherin by microRNA‐200b (miR‐200b) and miR‐200c through direct targeting of transcriptional repressors of E‐cadherin, ZEB1, and ZEB2, inhibits epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial process in the tumor progression. We demonstrate that microRNA miR‐200 family‐mediated transcriptional up‐regulation of E‐cadherin in mesenchymal MDA‐MB‐231 and BT‐549 cells is associated directly with translational repression of ZEB1 and indirectly with increased acetylation of histone H3 at the E‐cadherin promoter. The increase in histone H3 acetylation may be attributed to the disruption of repressive complexes between ZEB1 and histone deacetylases and to the inhibition of SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase. These events inhibit EMT and reactivate a less aggressive epithelial phenotype in cancer cells. Additionally, disruption of ZEB1‐histone deacetylase repressor complexes and down‐regulation of SIRT1 histone deacetylase up‐regulate proapoptotic genes in the p53 apoptotic pathway resulting in the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin.


Abstract Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge is located at Nanjing, People's Republic of China. The main bridge spans Yangtze River in the form of a cable-stayed bridge with three towers and two main spans, with a total length of 1796 m and a main span of 600 m. The towers and main beams of the bridge are all steel–concrete composite structures, which is the first all-steel–concrete composite structure cable-stayed bridge in the world. The bridge innovatively develops a steel shell–concrete composite structure tower, deploys coarse aggregate reactive powder concrete (CA-RPC), and applies it to the main girder of the bridge to form a lightweight and high-performance steel–concrete composite beam. Numerous innovative technologies have been achieved with new materials, new structures, new processes, and many other aspects. The unique structural concept has significantly increased the factory manufacturing speed of bridge components, which not only reduces the work and labour cost at the bridge site above the bearing platform to less than 25% but also effectively reduces the amount and loss of engineering materials during bridge construction, all of which have made outstanding contributions to the development of cable-stayed bridges. At the same time, it has also contributed a bridge of stunning appearance and unique structure to China and world bridge engineering.


Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes significant morbidity in most patients and also premature mortality in some. To prevent this, therapeutic approaches call for the early treatment of RA by using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDSs), either as single therapy or combination therapy. Although in the previous decade DMARDs were rarely used as combination, however now they are used widely to treat RA. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) alone and the combination of MTX & hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in RA patients. Methods: An analytic retrospective cohort study was conducted from May 2014 until October 2014, on 46 patients with RA in the rheumatology clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from January 2009−October 2014 who were taking MTX or MTX & HCQ for at least 1 year. The secondary data obtained from these patients' medical record were then analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The study showed that 93.48% of the patients were females. The mean change in disease activity measures were not significant for any of the parameter (p-value for SJC = 0.337; TJC = 0.676; ESR = 0.780). Also the comparisons of the disease activity score (DAS 28) before and after therapy was not significant (p-value = 0.584). Conclusion: There is no difference in the effectiveness of DMARD monotherapy with MTX and combination therapy with MTX & HCQ in RA patients. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.474


The relationship between effective communication and the ability of an organization to achieve high-quality outcomes is explored. In particular, changes within the leisure industry which are compelling managers to explore new means of improving relationships between managers and staff are discussed. A methodology termed 'communication audit', which provides managers with hard data on the efficacy of their communication behaviours, is delineated and explored in depth. It is argued that the widespread utilization of this approach within the leisure industry could be an additional means of strengthening relationships, improving management and facilitating the growth of a culture committed to total quality management. A strategic framework is proposed, which enables managers to monitor their current communication practice and implement a focused communication strategy.


Oridonin, a biologically active substance isolated from the plant Rabdosia rubescens, is recently reported to have aninhibitory effect on breast cancer. However, its mechanism is still unclear. According to previous findings, increasedCOX-2 expression has been associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, this study aims to explorewhether oridonin inhibits cell proliferation and migration by suppressing the expression of COX-2 in human breastcancer cells MDA-MB-231 in vitro and in vivo conditions. In this study, human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231will be treated with increasing concentrations and for various durations with oridonin to investigate whether oridonininhibits cell migration, decrease proliferation, and reduce tumors in mice through suppressing the expression of COX2. A positive control is a taxol. A negative control is medium. Cell migration will be tested by Transwell assay. Theproliferation will be detected by MTT assay. The western-blotting assay will be used for COX-2. In nude mice, the invivo anti-tumor efficacy of oridonin will be examined. The study's result will provide insight into the effect of oridoninon the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. It will also provide reference for themechanism of how oridonin inhibits breast cancer and lay the foundation for future studies on the molecular basis oforidonin's pharmacological activity in the future.


The doctrine of overriding obligation is central regarding the relationship between the exonerations from the liability and the obligation of the carrier. Under the Hague Rules, the obligation of seaworthiness is an overriding obligation. This paper is still applicable under the Draft Instrument on Transport Law. At last, it makes suggestions on the amending the relevant provisions in this Draft.


Krisoker Janala (Farmers Window) is a newly develop app that is used by the agricultural extension agent of Bangladesh to spread information to the farmers. In this regard, the objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of Krisoker Janala for disseminating agricultural information and to explore the contributory factors of using Krisoker Janala. Data were collected from 106 Sub Assistant Agriculture Officers (SAAOs) under four upazilas (sub district) of Chuadanga district. A face to face interview followed by structured questionnaire was conducted to collect data from the SAAOs during a period of early June to the end of July, 2018. The result of interview revealed that 64.2% of the respondents perceived that use of Krisoker Janala is moderately effective while 24.5% and 11.3% of them perceived as less and high effective respectively. Multiple regression analysis was applied to identify significant factors and it was found that out of seven factors, three namely extent of ICT use, the information quality of Krisoker Janala and use of Krisoker Janala had significant positive contribution to their perceived effectiveness of Krisoker Janala for disseminating agricultural information. So, the policy makers should consider to these important factors in order to increase the effectiveness of this agro based app as well as for providing better service to the farmers.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) at different period in senior high school students in Shanghai for providing scientific basis for the early prevention of obesity and NAFLD in adolescents.Methods The height and weight measurement and liver ultrasonography were recorded in 942 students came from two senior high schools of Shanghai in 2001 and 2009,respectively.Results The incidences of overweight,obesity,and NAFLD were 13.7%,3.9%,and 4.8% in 483 students in 2001,and 16.4%,8.5%,and 7.0% in 459 students in 2009,respectively.Furthermore,the significant difference in the incidence of NAFLD(P 0.001) was observed,and consisting of 0.3% ~ 0.5% in the group with normal body mass index(BMI),10.7% ~ 15.2% in the overweight group,and 57.9% ~ 59.0% in the obesity group,respectively.There were more male students with obesity in 2009 compared to those in 2001(14.6% vs 5.7%,P 0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of obesity in senior high school students tends to increase in Shanghai.The occurrence of NAFLD is more frequent in adolescences with overweight or obesity.


We 941, a Triazolodiazepine, has satisfying hypnotic properties. The optimum dosage lies nearly at 0.3 mg. In this dosage the sleep-begin is shortened, the number of nightly wakeness is decreased and the total sleep-time is extended, while the sleep-profile remains unchanged. A normal cycling can be taken as a sign of qualitative good sleep. The REM-percentage is diminished insignificantly and increases again under the continuated therapy. The percentage of deep sleep increases by 0.3 mg. The subjective presentations confirm the melioration of sleep. In higher dosages troubles occur as decrease of deep-sleep stage and deteriorations of feeling. Remarkable is the withdrawal effect after 1.0 mg with an initial and a dissociated REM. However, such strong disturbances couldn't be observed in the carried on therapy with 0.3 mg.


This study analyzed the influence of the following parameters: overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient, coefficient of heat loss, drying rate, specific heat of the solid and specific heat of dry air on the prediction of a model for the fertilizer drying in rotary dryers. The method of parametric sensitivity using an experimental design was employed in this study. All parameters studied significantly affected the responses of the drying model. In general, the model showed greater sensitivity to the parameters drying rate and overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient.


Background Comorbid depression in patients with heart failure is associated with increased risk for death. In order to effectively identify depressed patients with cardiac disease, the American Heart Association suggests a 2‐step screening method: administering the 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire first and then the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire. However, whether the 2‐step method is better for predicting poor prognosis in heart failure than is either the 2‐item or the 9‐item tool alone is not known. Objective To determine whether the 2‐step method is better than either the 2‐item or the 9‐item questionnaire alone for predicting all‐cause mortality in heart failure. Methods During a 2‐year period, 562 patients with heart failure were assessed for depression by using the 2‐step method. With the 2‐step method, results are considered positive if patients endorse either depressed mood or anhedonia on the 2‐item screen and have scores of 10 or higher on the 9‐item screen. Results Screening results with the 2‐step method were not associated with all‐cause mortality. Patients with scores positive for depression on either the 2‐item or 9‐item screen alone had 53% and 60% greater risk, respectively, for all‐cause death than did patients with scores negative for depression after adjustments for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.530; 95% CI, 1.029‐2.274 for the 2‐item screen; hazard ratio, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.079‐2.383 for the 9‐item screen). Conclusions The 2‐step method has no clear advantages compared with the 2‐item screen alone or the 9‐item screen alone for predicting adverse prognostic effects of depressive symptoms in heart failure.


In Reply.— We thank Dr Davis for his letter related to hypocalcemia and rhabdomyolysis. Our review of hypocalcemia in critical illness did not specifically discuss rhabdomyolysis. Hypocalcemia is common during the early phase of rhabdomyolysis, especially when renal failure occurs. Early hypocalcemia is frequently followed by transient hypercalcemia during the diuretic phase of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. 1-3 Early observations in soldiers with massive injury and rhabdomyolysis suggested that hypocalcemia varied with both hyperphosphatemia and the extent of tissue injury. Subsequent studies by Meroney et al 4 showed that calcium salts could be deposited in traumatized muscle at rates sufficient to cause hypocalcemia. The hypocalcemia that occurs in patients with rhabdomyolysis appears to result from multiple factors. Calcium binding or accumulation in damaged muscle is known to occur. However, whether this process alone can account for the hypocalcemia remains unclear. The body is capable of mobilizing calcium from tissue stores


With Chinese automobile industry in its infancy, the model of its development will play a leading role to remain invincible in an increasingly competitive market. Based on the status analysis of automobile manufacturing development, this paper adopts the fundamental principles of symbiosis theory to dissect the symbiotic relationship between Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized supporting enterprises and demonstrate its symbiotic form in detail, referred to enterprise network, and thus put forward the symbiotic mode suited for Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized supporting enterprises.


Canada, the United States, and the World Wildlife Fund are co-sponsoring ongoing work in the Arctic Council's Protection for the Marine Environment Working Group to evaluate shipping noise in the Arctic region. Applied Ocean Sciences has used ship tracking and sea ice data to model the region's underwater soundscape to improve understanding of radiated noise generated by shipping throughout the PanArctic. Current (2019) models have been compared with ambient noise measurements collected during time periods when vessel sounds were identifiably present and when biological sounds were not. Projections of ice cover and shipping routes along and between the northern borders of Arctic countries were used to forecast potential future (2030) Arctic soundscapes. Focused interpretation of these model results within sub-regions, time periods, and frequencies important to marine fauna and in turn to indigenous peoples will be provided to PAME and other fora seeking to guide the development of shipping practices and mitigation strategies. The final results will be incorporated as a PAME/Arctic Council product. This presentation will focus on the acoustic modeling work under projected sea ice conditions, maps of "excess noise" induced by ships in 2019 and 2030, and risk assessment for a few endemic marine mammal species.


Pressure ulcers are common problems for bedridden patients. Caregivers need to reposition the sleeping posture of a patient every two hours in order to reduce the risk of getting ulcers. This study presents the use of Kurtosis and skewness estimation, principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVMs) for sleeping posture classification using cost-effective pressure sensitive mattress that can help caregivers to make correct sleeping posture changes for the prevention of pressure ulcers.


Risk assessment in the work environment has been required under Estonian work safety and health law since 1996, when the EU document "Guidance of risk assessment at work" became accessible. The new Act on Occupational Health and Safety that demands risk analysis at every workplace was adopted in Estonia in 1999. In this context the main problem for managers and labour inspectors became the determination of risk level. The article discusses the factors involved. In particular it mentions factors at the offices of the Estonian Shipping Company.


Carbon in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important chemical
compound in the climate change process as it is the main causative agent of
global warming and climate change. International efforts aimed at arresting
climate change are all directed at carbon elimination or reduction. Buildings especially residential buildings have been found to contribute substantially to climate change through the carbon emitted to the environment in the process
of building procurement and use. This paper aims at tracking the CO2 content of the various activities and processes involved in building procurement and use in a Nigerian context with a view to indentifying the target areas for decarbonization. This is done by applying the life cycle CO2 assessment (LCCO2A) approach to a typical urban residential apartment building in Lagos, Nigeria's most populous and urbanized city. In this respect, the ICE database and the activity based method were used to estimate the embodied
and operational CO2 emissions associated with the case building. The study found that the embodied and operational emissions were significant when compared with baseline scenarios in other countries. Hence the paper concluded that de-carbonization strategies should be targeted at both the
embodied and operational carbon emissions of buildings. The best result will be achieved if the de-carbonization efforts are combined with natural and active carbon sinks that exist in the study context


The co-administration of two or more analgesics with different mechanisms of action and co-analgesics (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, steroids, antispasmodics, NMDA receptor antagonists) is widely used in the relief of acute pain (particularly postoperative) and in the treatment of chronic pain. There are many potential benefits of combination in pharmacotherapy of pain and the possibility to achieve a synergistic or additive effect, which in turn permits the use of lower doses of the individual drugs, and can potentially reduce the incidence of side effects. In the case of combination of tramadol and dexketoprofen, there is a synergism, which is used in the treatment of inflammatory pain. The paper discusses the indications for use of this innovative combination registered for the treatment of acute pain.


The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Al27 in a single crystal of HBeAlSiO5 (euclase) in an external magnetic field of 7000 gauss is described. The Al27 nuclei are found to occupy two kinds of lattice sites which differ from each other only in the orientation of the principal axes of the electric field gradient tensors whose eigenvalues are all distinct, but identical at both sites. The absolute value of the quadrupole coupling constant for both groups of Al27 nuclei is found to be 5173 ± 10 kc./sec. and the axial asymmetry parameter of the field gradient tensors at both the lattice positions is 0.698 ± 0.009. The two sets of principal axes are reflections of each other in the (010) plane which is consistent with the symmetry of the proposed crystal structure. The theoretical dependence of the spectrum line frequencies on the applied magnetic field is given for one group of Al27 nuclei and for one orientation of the crystal in fields up to 2000 gauss; the feasibility of checking this experimentally i...


In this paper, we will describe a prototypical application that shows how Semantic Web Services and current state-of-the-art Enterprise Application Integration software can be used to integrate eGovernment services across different service providers. We will describe the architecture as well as the challenges faced when integrating research prototypes with industrial-strength so-


Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a numerical investigation of aquatic locomotion using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method.

Design/methodology/approach
To model this problem, a simple improved SPH algorithm is presented that can handle complex geometries using updatable dummy particles. The computational code is validated by solving the flow over a two-dimensional cylinder and comparing its drag coefficient for two different Reynolds numbers with those in the literature.

Findings
Additionally, the drag coefficient and vortices created behind the aquatic swimmer are quantitatively and qualitatively compared with available credential data. Afterward, the flow over an aquatic swimmer is simulated for a wide range of Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, as well as for the amplitude envelope. Moreover, comprehensive discussions on drag coefficient and vorticity patterns behind the aquatic are made.

Originality/value
It is found that by increasing both Reynolds and Strouhal numbers separately, the anguilliform motion approaches the self-propulsion condition; however, the vortices show different pattern with these increments.


This paper presents methods for detailed analysis of the twin screw compressor's operation characteristics using a one-dimensional simulation approach. These methods are used for reasoning the advantages and disadvantages of screw rotors with variable pitch. The onedimensional model includes next to the working chamber also several geometric and operation characteristics. These characteristics are combined to develop key figures to understand the effects of rotors with variable pitch on the operating characteristics and their influence. The calculated results are discussed in detail and a final outlook about the challenge of the manufacturing process of rotors with variable pitch is explained. 1. One-dimensional thermodynamic simulation of screw compressors A one-dimensional, thermodynamic simulation of the operating characteristics of screw compressors represents a proven and established tool for the calculation and design thereof. Even in times of extensive three dimensional simulations, a one-dimensional simulation still offers adequate accuracy for the evaluation of the performance and analysis of the compression process. Furthermore, the one-dimensional simulation offers the big advantage of being relatively clear when being analysed. Parameters that evaluate the compression process as a whole and parameters that are formed for each period of time used for this. For screw compressors, you call a thermodynamic simulation as one-dimensional, when the fluid in the work chambers is expected to be homogeneous within the respective chamber. Thus, the fluid state can be described by one-dimensional variables, which stand for the average condition within the respective chamber. Initial applications of the mentioned approach for screw compressors were executed in a simplified form in the 80s and constantly developed further in the following decades [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. This paper uses the approach described in [6]. In contrast to a few other displacement machines, like piston compressors, the required clearances between the rotating components do not exclusively affect the clearance flows leaving the working chamber. By screw compressors, most clearances represent internal connections between working chambers, which are found in the different phases of the working cycle. Thus, not only the effect exists that the fluid escapes the working chambers, but rather also that the fluid flows from compressing and discharging chambers into suctioning and compressing chambers of a lower pressure. These connections between the chambers themselves and to the suction and pressure sides represent the heart of the one-dimensional thermodynamic simulation of screw compressors. There the fluid mass and energy is exchanged between the working chambers and run through the work cycle step by step until a convergence criteria is met with the help of an iterative calculation process. This simulation model normally includes effects in regards to the flow characteristics in the clearances and in the inlet and outlet channels, heat exchange between components and fluid, as well as different power losses. In terms of clarity, by the analysis of the thermodynamic operating characteristics, this paper is limited to the fluid flows between working chambers, which are determined through internal clearances between the components. In order to be able to ignore the remaining variables of influence, rotor geometry variants are defined in a way that these effects can be viewed as constant in the first approximation. All variants have the same theoretical volume flow at the same rotor speed. 2. Twin screw compressors with variable pitch The motivation of using rotor profile with variable pitch is based on the desire to develop energetically more effective profiles. The rotor profile from screw compressors are designed in a way, that a profile cross section is extruded along the rotor axis and twisted. The wrap angle indicates the twisting of the profile from one side to the other. The technical more relevant variable for the production is the pitch of the profile. It specifies how far from a front side a movement in an axial direction must be taken, in order to receive an imaginary complete rotation of the profile cross section. Since the rotor profiles of screw compressors are normally produced by grinding, the pitch describes the ratio between the rotor rotation and axial path of the grinding tool. The pitch, however, depends on the size of the rotors. So the size-independent wrap angles are frequently used to describe the profile shape. In order to define a profile with a variable pitch, there is the question which of these two geometry parameters should be used. The "variable pitch" term describes a pitch, which does not run constantly along the rotor axis. In the following, the pitch should be described as the path along this. The rotor profile is divided in an axial direction in infinitesimal thin discs. The local wrap angle describes the wrap angle for each of these discs that a rotor profile would have if the entire rotor profile would have this pitch. In order to keep this procedure simple, a linear, non-constant path is aimed for. The profile cross section (SRM 4+6 profile with 90mm centre distance), profile length (L/D-ratio 1.65) and effective wrap angle (300°) remain unchanged. Fig. 1: Flat projection of rotor-profiles with different kinds of variable pitch Variants A, C, E MR: male rotor FR: female rotor DS: discharge side SS: suction side CCL: case cut line Due to the basic requirements of a gear tooth system for screw compressors, there is a nonlinear path by the female rotor with a linear path of the local wrap angle. Since when using the pitch as a descriptive parameter there is a linear path both by the male and female rotor, this will be used in the following. In order to analyse the thermodynamic operating characteristics of such specific rotor profiles, five geometric variants are examined. One variant with constant pitch (c) and two variants each with different strongly decreasing (A, B) and increasing (D, E) pitch along the rotor length from the suction to pressure side (Figure 1). As already described, the remaining rotor dimensions are identical and are based on series machines. In this way all variants have the same theoretical volume flow per revolution. 3. Geometric characteristics In order to be able to examine the influence of this geometric variation on the operating characteristics, the geometry must first be described with the help of geometric parameters. In the first step, the volume curve is used. It describes the chamber volume through the working cycle. Two major effects can be observed (figure 2).


ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that speech-to-text (STT) software can support students in producing a given piece of writing. This is the 1st study to investigate the use of STT to teach a writing strategy. We pretested 45 Grade 5 students on argument writing and trained them to use STT. Students participated in 4 lessons on an argument writing strategy and wrote a practice text for each lesson. We then randomly assigned the students to compose practice texts in 1 of 2 modalities: handwriting or STT. Students then completed posttests on argument writing in both modalities. Both modality conditions resulted in statistically significant, large gains in text quality, word count, and variety of argument moves and significant transfer to the untrained modality. The modalities did not differ significantly in their effects on argument writing or cognitive load. The results suggest that STT provides an alternative medium for learning writing strategies.


The ultimate aim of the cell cycle is to create an identical daughter cell. Therefore, correct progression through the different phases of the cell cycle is crucial to ensure faithful cell division. Successful execution of the different processes in the cell cycle is achieved by the coordinated action of a complex network of protein kinases and phosphatases at the centre of which stand Cyclin-Cdk complexes. Human cells possess a variety of cyclins and Cdks, which form complexes that regulate cell cycle transitions. In an unperturbed cell cycle, preparing a cell for mitosis requires faithful DNA replication and reorganisation of the cell's structures and organelles. In this scenario, cells initiate successive waves of Cdk activity that orchestrate the timely and spatially controlled phosphorylation of a multitude of targets. In contrast, upon DNA damage cells must halt cell cycle progression in order to prevent mitotic entry of damaged cells and subsequently avoid potential propagation of mutations. Strict control of Cyclin-Cdk complexes is, therefore, essential both for correct cell division and to maintain genome integrity. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the activation of CyclinCdk complexes in these different scenarios remain largely unknown. In this thesis, I have investigated several aspects of the regulation of Cdk activity both in the unperturbed cell cycle and during a DNA damage response. To address Cdk activity in the unperturbed cell cycle we established a novel quantitative immunofluorescence method and assessed the dynamics of cyclin accumulation and Cdk target phosphorylation in the unperturbed cell cycle. We found that the mitotic entry network first becomes activated at the S/G2 transition. This finding shifts the classical view of an abrupt Cdk activation at mitotic entry to an earlier and more gradual activation. Furthermore, it provides a potential link between S phase and mitosis, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that maintains pro-mitotic activities under a certain threshold until DNA replication is completed (Paper I). Interestingly, in parallel to an increase of pro-mitotic activities at the S/G2 transition, we observed a change in the localisation of Cyclin A2. Using genome-edited cell lines that express endogenous Cyclin A2-eYFP we were able to determine the cell cycle-dependent localisation of Cyclin A2 to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, despite coinciding with an increase of Cdk activity in the cell cycle we found that the cytoplasmic accumulation Cyclin A2 is modulated by p21 and the presence rather than activity of Cdk1. These findings suggest that complex formation and interaction with Cdk inhibitor proteins (CKI) might regulate Cyclin A2 localisation throughout the cell cycle (Paper IV). Despite not having uncovered a role for cytoplasmic Cyclin A2, we hypothesise that the cell cycle-dependent localisation of cyclins may be an important step to regulate Cdk activity. In order to understand how cells modulate Cdk activity upon DNA damage we made use of endogenously tagged cell lines expressing Cyclin B1-eYFP. We found that upon DNA damage cells continue to accumulate Cyclin B1 until reaching levels that are normally present in G2 phase. At this point, cells translocate Cyclin B1 to the nucleus in a p21 and p53dependent manner where it is degraded by APC/C. We identified nuclear translocation and degradation of Cyclin B1 as a restriction point in the cell cycle when cells irreversibly exit the cell cycle and become senescent (Paper II). Senescence is regarded as an early barrier for tumorigenesis as it prevents the propagation of cells with damaged DNA. Our findings in Paper II suggested a link between mitotic inducers and the induction of senescence; therefore we decided to investigate the role of Cdk activity in terminal cell cycle exit. We found that upon DNA damage cells preserve low levels of Cdk activity to ensure that damaged cells continue to progress through the cell cycle until they reach a point where they can be forced into senescence. In this context, we found that Cdk activity induces p21 expression in a p53-independent manner to promote nuclear translocation and degradation of Cyclin B1 and other mitotic inducers (Paper III). Altogether, the data presented in this thesis points towards the existence of a link between the mitotic entry network and the DNA damage response to modulate the activity of Cyclin-Cdk complexes in time and space to trigger ensure correct progression to mitosis or, when needed, to trigger senescence. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS Eukaryote: cell with a nucleus, all multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells. Cdk: Cyclin-dependent kinase: One of the main kinases that regulate cell cycle progression. Cks: Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit. Cks is a small protein that binds Cyclin-Cdk complexes. MPF: Maturation Promoting Factor or Mitosis Promoting Factor. MPF was the first Cyclin-Cdk complex discovered in Xenopus egg extracts. It was later discovered to be Cyclin B1-Cdk1. Mitosis entry network: term to define the complex network of proteins that regulate mitotic entry. Cdks and Plk1 are two of the major proteins involved in the mitotic entry network. DDR: DNA damage response. Term to define the network of proteins and cellular processes that sense DNA damage and activate effectors to generate an appropriate response to the inflicted damage. CKI: Cdk inhibitor proteins. CKIs are small proteins that inhibit Cdk activity. The family of CKIs includes p21, p27 and p57 among others. Wee1 and Myt1: Kinases that phosphorylate Cdk1 inhibiting it. Cdc25: Family of phosphatases that activate Cdk1 and Cdk2 by removing the phosphorylations introduced by Wee1 and Myt1. Plk1: Polo-like kinase 1. Together with Cdk, Plk1 is one of the main kinases that regulates cell cycle progression. Plk1 becomes essential for cell cycle progression after DNA damage. PP1 and PP2A: Protein phosphatase 1 or Protein phosphatase 2A. Different Serine/Threonine phosphatases involved in the regulation of the phosphorylation status of Cdk targets. Rb: Retinoblastoma protein. Family of tumour suppressors that modulates the restriction point in the human cell cycle by restricting the expression of E2F targets. E2F: family of transcription factors that promote cell cycle progression. B-Myb, FoxM1, NF-Y: different transcription factors that modulate the expression of cell cycle genes. APC/C: Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome. E3 ligase that targets cell cycle regulators for degradation in different phases of the cell cycle. APC/C requires an activator to recognise targets: Cdh1 or Cdc20 are the two activators of human APC/C. SCF: Skp-Cullin-F-Box-containing protein. SCF is the general name of the other family of E3 ligases that regulate the degradation of cell cycle regulators. Similarly to APC/C, SCF E3 ligases require F box containing proteins to determine substrate specificity; β-TrCP is an example of Fbox protein involved in the regulation of cell cycle targets. RPA: Replication Protein A: it's a protein that binds single stranded DNA preventing the formation of secondary structures. Senescence: cellular state characterised by the absence of proliferation. Senescence differs from G0 phase in that senescent cells irreversibly exit the cell cycle whereas cells in G0 can resume proliferation. p53: one of the most famous tumour suppressor genes and it's popularly known as "the guardian of the genome" for its many roles in the DNA damage response. p21: member of the family of CKIs. p21 is especially important to modulate senescence.


Background Microscopic colitis (MC) is the cause of chronic diarrhoea which is often missed. Histopathology is a gold standard for diagnosis but colonic biopsy has a variable yield in view of normal endoscopy. We evaluated ileocolonic mucosa in suspected MC cases with narrow band imaging (NBI)and described its findings with outcome of targeted biopsy Methods 53 adults with chronic diarrhea suspected to have MC were recruited after excluding malignancy, celiac disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammatory bowel disease. Routine blood tests, necessary imaging, stool analysis were done. Colonoscopy was done in all with ileal intubation if possible. HDWLE (high definition white light examination) and NBI finding were recorded. Routine biopsies on white light and targeted biopsies on NBI were taken and analysed by an expert gastrointestinal histopathologist as per statements of the European Microscopic Colitis Group 2012 Results 43 patients were diagnosed to have MC [mean age - 45.83(±15.92), males - 27]. The WLE revealed normal mucosa in all patients. NBI showed type 1 pit pattern and regular vascular pattern in all patients with MC. Mucosal pattern was honey comb type in all. Focal areas of abnormal vascularity with focally obscure pit pattern was noted more frequently in cases than controls {81% vs 12.5% (p = 0.052)}. Histologically 25(58.1%) had collagenous colitis (CC), 14 (32.5%) had lymphocytic colitis (LC). Four patients (9.4%) had a mixed picture. The yield of WLE and NBI targeted biopsies was the same (p>0.05) Conclusions Colonoscopic NBI findings in MC revealed a hitherto unreported and distinct focal areas of abnormal vascularity with focally obscure pit pattern. There was no significant difference in yield of NBI vs WLE biopsies


travails of women entering the legal profession in the 1970s, the growing role of female attorneys in subsequent decades, the shortcomings of the adversarial system of family law adjudication, and the perceived personal and official flaws of certain Houston judges. The author writes enthusiastically of the emergence of family law mediation as an alternative to litigation, giving primary credit to Kusnetz for introducing and fostering mediation practice in Houston. To bolster the thesis that the Harris County Family Court system was broken, the book also recounts examples of bitterly contested hearings that allegedly left children in the custody of abusive fathers, including one case that became the subject of a controversial HBO documentary. While the unifying theme seems to be CourtWatch's role in the 1994 elections, these disparate threads woven together in a comparatively short book sometimes threaten to unravel. The author views CourtWatch's 1994 campaign as a success, but she fails to make a convincing case that the retirement or defeat of the challenged judges was really attributable to the group's involvement. Although two hundred CourtWatch members campaigned aggressively for their slate, in the general election candidates endorsed by CourtWatch (which was bipartisan) generally fared no better than other Democratic or Republican candidates they did not endorse. Taking into account the Republican's sweep of countywide offices, it seems more plausible that the Democratic incumbents challenged by CourtWatch fell victim to changing partisan demographics—or would have if they had run for reelection. After 1994, CourtWatch had some continuing involvement in judicial politics, but eventually it became inactive. As a postscript, the book notes that family law mediation is now a widely accepted alternative to litigation in all urban Texas counties. While some judicial elections in Harris County are contested, all sitting judges elected at the countywide level are Republicans. The Women of CourtWatch includes six appendixes, including the author's thoughts on "gender socialization" and domestic violence, CourtWatch's 1994 candidate questionnaire, and several mediation case histories supplied by Kusnetz. The book and appendixes may be of interest to individuals studying alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in Texas or the expanding role of women in the law. The book's recounting of the 1994 election, though, provides no convincing analysis of electoral cause and effect, which renders it less useful as political history.


The research study attempts to quantify probable macroenconomic effects of demographic changes in Kenya given the available evidence that Kenya is going through a demographic transition. First, the study establishes linkages between demographic variables and sectoral government expenditures through the OLS estimation method. Next, the estimated equations are used to project three expenditures profiles based on three population scenarios generated from different assumptions on changes in fertility. Finally, the projected expenditures are used in a macroeconomic model of the Kenyan economy to simulate their effects on five key macroeconomic variables: inflation, rate of growth of output, balance of payments, budget deficit and rate of growth of investment.


Radon-to-radium ratios have been measured in defleshed, canned, and frozen bones of 50 beagles dying 5 to 2988 days after the intravenous injection of $sup 226$Ra. The expression Rn/Ra = (0.075 +- 0.010)t/sup 0.158 +- 0.004/ (1 - e/sup -0.181 t/) at t days describes the dependence of the Rn/Ra ratio in these bones upon time after administration, and was shown to be independent of age at injection or relative injected activity. This equation also appears valid for dogs that received their radium in six equal injections spaced over a period of 280 days, when t is considered as time after midinjection, at least when the time after mid-injection exceeds the duration of injections. Comparison of results for dogs with those reported for mice, rats, chinchillas, and humans showed that about 68 percent of the individual values for these other species were within +- S. D. of the equation for beagles. This suggests that skeletal Rn/Ra ratios as a function of time may be somewhat species independent. Therefore, these ratios depend almost exclusively upon the time following radium deposition. (auth)


A method and system for generating transmit pulses for use with an electrostatic transducer in harmonic imaging are provided. The excitation waveforms are pre-distorted to account for the non-linear output of the electrostatic transducer. Additionally, the force on a multiple element electrostatic transducer array is measured. A bias voltage is applied to the electrostatic transducer where the bias voltage is responsive to the measured force.


894 www.pccmjournal.org September 2016 • Volume 17 • Number 9 unable to use pRIFLE because patient heights were documented in less than 10% of the patients in the study, and as such were unable to use pediatric eGFR equations. Although Slater et al (14) did not discuss why they chose RIFLE over KDIGO, they did conduct a post hoc analysis, which shows that the KDIGO definition would have only resulted in a 0.3% increase (14 patients out of over 3,800) in the overall incidence of AKI. We agree that it is a worthwhile goal for the AKI research community to agree on a single AKI definition and we agree with Fortenberry et al (13) about the use of the KDIGO AKI criteria, but does the use of RIFLE over KDIGO alter the conclusions of the Slater et al (14) article that the use of nephrotoxic medications is a significant risk factor for the development of AKI? We think not. Instead, we think that the results of this article should heighten the awareness of using nephrotoxic medications in critically ill children. As Slater et al (14) demonstrate, there are risk factors that clinicians can modify to reduce the risk of AKI, and we should focus on prospectively identifying the impact of such factors on the development of AKI.


The stochastic frontier analysis is employed to investigate efficiency of publicly listed Australian banks over the period 1985 to 2008. The results suggest that technical, cost and profit efficiency of Australian banks have improved over time. Large banks have attained a higher level of cost efficiency but a lower level of technical efficiency compared to small banks. No substantial difference between the two groups is found in terms of profit efficiency. A panel regression of bank stock return on bank efficiency suggests that an improvement in technical, cost or profit efficiency contributes to the market value of a bank. Thus, the shareholder wealth maximization goal is aligned with the goal of maximizing bank efficiency in the Australian context.


Process for the preparation of an at least in sections, a fluorescent dye-containing tissue (G), comprising the steps of: illuminating the fabric (G) with a suitable for excitation of the fluorescent dye first light having a by a periodic sequence of illumination (t) and dark phases (t) given clock frequency, separate detecting during the illumination phases (t) by the excitation of the fluorescence dye generated first fluorescence images and during the dark phases (t) by illumination of the tissue (G) generated with a second light second fluorescence images, wherein during the dark phase (t ) a second plurality of fluorescence images are acquired successively in time, correcting the first fluorescence images reproducing by subtraction to corresponding second fluorescence images, generating overall images by superimposing the corrected first fluorescent images corresponding thereto, a tissue surface nati ven tissue images, characterized in thatfor the preparation of a first fluorescence image, at least one during a predetermined late time period of the dark phase (t) of at least one acquired at a predefined early time period early fluorescence image is subtracted detected late fluorescent image.


The project aims at studying the collective deformations of an array of slender structures under an axial flow, and how the flow field is modified by these deformations. In particular, in the framework of static instability, the conditions for the deformations to occur will be determined in terms of rigidity, boundary conditions and flow velocity. This type of instability, also called divergence, is triggered by the modification of the pressure distribution that occurs when the structure undergoes a small displacement. In fact, if the total fluid force is exerted in the same direction as the displacement, this displacement grows in return; the mechanism of the instability compares to the one at stake in the slamming door phenomenon. The scope of the PhD works needs to remain large enough in order to be applied to complex structures as nuclear fuel assemblies, and to take into account the effect of a perturbation in the fluid flow. Only static phenomena will be considered, and no dynamical nor vibration-induced effects will be addressed.


The kind of structural resistance that might be encountered in change and transformation is a view of change as a punctuated equilibrium. This research explains how change influences the overall business and how the business leader can best lead and manage change.


To research the urban residents tourism consumption need stimulates the residents tourism consumption and then promotes the economic growth.. In general, the quantity analysis of the residents tourism consume behavior limits at the static state , and cannot reflect the dynamic quantity relation with time varying. This text makes use of the state space model to build up the time varying parameter model between the residents tourism consumption and income, and to test the varying co-integration among the variables making use of the E-G way .It explains the residents tourism consumption situation in the dynamic mechanism in recent years, and gets main conclusions as follows: from 1994 to 2006, the marginal propensity of tourism consumption of the urban residents presents the trend of rising first and then descending behind and the process of a dynamic evolvement; there is the varying co-integration on the relation of the income and the tourism consumption.


The article is concerned with the political attitudes and electoral behaviour of trade union members in western Europe from 1973 to 1995. To what extent has there been a decline of ideology among European trade unionists? How different are political stances of white-collar union members compared to the traditional core blue-collar membership and to non-organised employees? These are the guiding questions. Based on a re-analysis of large surveys, little evidence can be mobilised for the end-of-ideology hypothesis. Union members have had and continue to have different political attitudes and behaviour than non-unionised employees. However, these differences are not so great—neither in the 1990s nor in the 1970s. Many of the assumptions about declining affiliation of union members to particular political parties and programmes in the 1990s might be due to an overestimation of the strength of this affiliation in the past.


In this article, we present the results of GO as a primary material of the humidity sensor and the electrophysical characteristics of this sensitive element. The sensitive humidity sensor created using the GO membrane was obtained via vacuum filtration. Initial material GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis and SEM. The stability of the electrical resistance, also the rate of recovery and response of a humidity sensor element based on GO was studied as a function of the relative humidity level. The GO sensor was demonstrated to function properly in a wide range of humidity over an extended 10 hour period at room temperature. The deviation of the electrical resistance readings of the device during the experiment did not exceed 2 %.


In order to evaluation of risk-factor of population safety in transport corridor of Georgian military road, in 2000-2012 implemented field-expedition and monitoring researches, on the base of this is received statistic row. On the base of conducted research is established vulnerability sectors of mountain landscape and impact of them on the populated sectors, also transport corridor. It has been estimated population safety during formation of natural disasters phenomena by use of reliability and risk theory and cars accidents risk on the sensation sectors of military road.


Guide (9) of light shaped plate a face (8) comprises a plurality of diffusing patterns, in which each of said motifs comprises a central depression (10) bordered by peripheral projections (11, 12) whose amplitude is lower than that of said central depression, characterized in that the peripheral projections have an irregular amplitude and include some heterogeneous zones (13) differing from each other in shape and size.


The present invention relates to a mounting apparatus separating dust and gas turbulence in the housing, the turbulence means includes a stopper mounted on a vertical shaft cabinets, the bottom end of the stopper shaft rotating blades mounted in the upper rotary blade a fixed blade mounted stopper shaft. The turbulence means to improve efficiency by reducing the pressure of the gas dust in a manner cabinets, and the rotational force generated by rotation of the blades can prevent dust adhesion in the housing wall, so that the seed does not need to consume energy turbulator while reducing costs while improving the service life of dust box.


The impacts of high Mn content on microstructure and fatigue characteristics of ADI at 300, 350 and 400 °C for 120 min have been examined. Optical microscopy images reveals bainite morphology only at 300°C. Higher Mn contents hinders bainite transformation in the locales of Mn and Mo segregation, where in stage II reaction initiates near the graphite nodules before stage I reaction ends away from the nodules which creates more unreacted austenite volume after cooling forming martensite around the periphery creating austenite-martensite zone at 350 °C and tremendously articulated at 400°C. Feathery ferrite laths, stable retained austenite and uniform density hardness in the matrix, promotes higher toughness and fatigue properties (250 MPa @ 106 cycles) at 300 °C. Presence of stage II carbides in the eutectic cell and austenite-martensite zone in the intercellular regions, due to their embrittlement in the matrix, makes easy crack path for initiation and propagation deteriorating properties at 350°C and above. SEM images of fatigue fractured surface revealed that at 300°C, showed a regular crack interconnecting graphite nodule, fatigue striation and quazi-cleavage fracture mode, and at 350 & 400°C reveals the carbide, austenite-martensite and porosity/defect final fracture region.


Many visual neurons linearly combine signals from the receptors or from other cells which themselves form linear combinations of receptor signals. In both cases, if the noise that limits cell performance is confined to the receptors, the peak sensitivity of the cell is entirely determined by the magnitude of the receptor noise and the normalized shape of the cells' receptive field. This simple result may be used to estimate the receptor noise from the sensitivity of retinal or geniculate cells as well as to predict sensitivity of higher-order cells from that of lower-order cells. Consequences of this constraint are illustrated for actual primate geniculate and cortical cells and for model cortical cells.