Abstract Developing a better understanding of visitor perceptions and satisfaction is integral to gaining insights into the pressures that lead to both overtourism and the under-utilisation of tourist attractions, including natural areas. Despite longstanding recognition of their value in monitoring and evaluating change there is a dearth of longitudinal studies in tourism. This study examines changing patterns of visitor use and satisfaction over time at Landmannalaugar, an internationally recognised wilderness area, in Iceland, a country which has been one of the focal points of concern as to the effects of overtourism. A questionnaire survey has been conducted in Landmannalaugar in the summers of 2000, 2009 and 2019 using the same questionnaire and distributed by the same method. Visitor satisfaction fell over the study period and crowding issues became much more important to tourists over time. Despite being based on a single site the research highlights the importance of long-term monitoring for visitor and site management as well as developing a better understanding of concepts of change in natural area tourism management.


Understanding, modeling, prediction or forecasting of precipitation has always been important. Precipitation is the driven factor of hydrological cycle and is one of the main sources of water without which the humankind cannot survive. In particular, it becomes the unique source of water in arid regions where surface water courses are generally intermittent or ephemeral in nature. In such regions the main water income is from the groundwater storages that are again fed by precipitation. In such regions, therefore, precipitation becomes much more interesting than runoff to analyze as flow records are generally insufficient in length to obtain accurate estimations. Analysis of precipitation is evident not only because of that reason but also for agricultural and socio-economical activities, for increasing human and environmental demands as well as for planning and management of water resources. Precipitation changes both in time and space and affects on other components of the hydrological cycle; i.e. surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater, seepage, percolation, evaporation, transpiration, etc. Time variation comes from the seasonal climatological changes in the atmosphere whereas spatial change is due to the topographical heterogeneity on the earth surface. Precipitation amount should be predicted accurately for an affective water resources management and planning. Prediction of hydrometeorological time series is difficult because of uncertainty in the parameters which affect the time series. In literature, the applications of artificial neural networks to forecast arid-region precipitation are limited. Forecasting monthly precipitation in arid regions is investigated by means of the conditional feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural network combined with Markov chain. Amman meteorological station from the hilly region in Jordan is selected for application. Various homogeneity tests are used for the data, which is found homogeneous according to the results of the tests. The feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural networks, statistical, and stochastic methods provided negative approximations for some of the low precipitation (dry months) whereas Markov chain forecasts are bounded with zero as the lower limit. Prediction using Markov chain does not generate physically unexplainable results mainly because the forecasts of the feed-forward backpropagation combined with Markov chain method are bounded with the minimum (zero) precipitation. Antecedent monthly precipitation data are used as input to the model to predict the total precipitation in the next month. Selection of the inputs is based on the correlation coefficient. For the station analyzed, it is observed that precipitation in any month was highly correlated to its previous two months and its previous year record. A trial-and-error based construction for various artificial neural networks are tested. A total of 28 combinations of input variables are investigated. It is finally ended with an architecture that uses, as input variables, precipitation in two previous months and the previous year?s precipitation of the month to be forecasted. Also a periodical component is added into the input vector to simulate the existing periodicity in the monthly precipitation. Since the sigmoid function is used as the activation function for hidden and output layers, the model input and output are scaled appropriately to fall within the function limit (zero to one). Conditional feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural network combined with Markov chain is trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. After training is over, the weights are used to test the network performance on the test data. In conclusion, it is seen that the conditional model considerably improves the accuracy of the one month ahead precipitation forecasting compared to the unconditional model. Keywords: Monthly precipitation, arid region, artificial neural networks, feed-forward backpropagation , Markov chain, Jordan.


The 23Na and the 7Li NMR spectra from several binary- and ternary alkali silicate and alkali borate glasses have been examined as a function of composition and temperature. At temperatures well below room temperature both the magnetic dipolar interactions between various nuclei and the electric quadrupolar interactions with the surroundings remain more or less the same in all the glasses. Upon increasing the temperature the width of the central transition of the 7Li absorption decreases, the 23Na dispersion changes from a quadrupolar to a more dipolar like shape, and important spin lattice relaxation is produced. Substitution of other alkali ions for lithium and sodium, respectively, affect the dynamic rather than the static behaviour of the glasses. The results are discussed with the assumption that the main contribution to the NMR signal is from nuclei belonging to alkali-rich regions which look similar in silicate and borate glasses, and for different alkali ions. The phenomena of motional narrowing, temperature dependent relaxation and drastic change of dispersion spectra are attributed to the diffusion of the alkali cations. From the relaxation data activation energies between 14 and 22 kcal/Mol have been obtained. Particular attention has been paid to the mixed alkali effect.


The increasing number of deaths caused by infection encourage researchers conduct early stage in the search for new antibiotics to resolve the issue. This study aims to isolate microbes aktinomicetes contained in karst areas of Bantimurung-tourist park district South Sulawesi province to see the antimicrobial inhibitory activity. The initial stage to get new antibiotics, researcher isolated, identified, characterized and tested the antimicrobial activity of isolates to be studied. One of microbes widely studied to be taken of its active compound is aktinomycetes. The research phase is actinomycetes isolation, isolates purification, and testing isolates antagonistic  actinomycetes  to see  whether  there  is a power resistor formed. From the results obtained 8 isolates  actinomycetes isolation, but only 6 isolates that can be grown back properly. Six of isolates  actinomycetes obtained, tested antagonist was done to see  the activity of inhibitory  power. Two of active isolateswas  obtained  that have  inhibitory  against  several  microbes  that P. aeruginosa and S. aureus which is then coded isolates of K21 and K32.


Objective: To observe the effect the moxibustion plus auricular-seed-pressing prevention gastrointestinal reaction after cisplatin treatment.Methods: 60 case with the lung cancer and the head and neck cancer were randomly divided into 2 groups.Besides that the tropisetron mesylate injection and dexamethasone injecion were used in 2 groups,the moxibustion plus auricular-seed-pressing was used in the treatment group before the chemotherapy.The nausea and the vomiting were observed in the therapy period.Results: Compared with the control group,the nausea and the vomiting in the treatment group were reduced obviously.Conclusion: Moxibustion plus auricular-seed-pressing can prevent the nausea and the vomiting.It deserves further clinical applications.


According to the WHO, approximately 254 million patients are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the fatalities are in the range of 0.5 to 1 million patients per year [1]. Only a small fraction of patients requiring treatment are on therapy. Untreated patients are at risk of suffering liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the diseases where therapeutic vaccination has been tested with enthusiasm and hope, due to the limitations and low effectiveness [2] of current treatments. Although hepatitis B commercial vaccines are efficient in preventing HBV infection, they have failed in the therapeutic setting, leading to the development of more potent vaccine candidates. Therapeutic vaccination can be conceptualized as the immunization strategy aimed at activating or modifying the immune system in order to cure, control or limit the progression of a specific pathological condition, using an active and specific stimulation of the immune system. This therapeutic approach has been attempted in the fields of chronic infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy and the treatment of addiction to several drugs. The working hypothesis of therapeutic vaccination in the field of CHB is based on the understanding of the immunological profile of patients with naturalor treatment-induced serological and virological responses, in contrast to the profile induced in those unable to control HBV replication and the related liver damage. Mimicking this immune profile, several vaccine candidates were developed and tested. Even after the exciting Phase I/II results, several companies have stopped studies with their candidates since they failed to fulfill specific clinical end points in subsequent trials. A closer look into these clinical results is required. Actions have been taken to improve therapeutic vaccines: inclusion of new antigens; the use of different routes of administration; changes in the vaccination schedule; the inclusion of potent adjuvants; the optimization of the antigen dose, etc. One of the reasons of their failure may be the fact that most of these clinical trials were conducted in patients under a deep and long-standing viral suppression [3–5]. The rationale of therapeutic vaccination when administered under viral suppression, is based on the observation that a decrease in viral load often precedes the detection of anti-HBV-specific T-cell responses, both in patients resolving natural infections and in those achieving HBeAg seroconversion during the chronic infection. Thus, a reduction in HBV load by antiviral treatment with nucleot(s)ide analogs (NUC) may increase the responsiveness of HBV-specific T cells, which are hyporesponsive in cases of persistent HBV infection [6]. However, changes in viral load have immunological repercussion. Increased HBV-specific T-cell responses are detectable during the first few months of lamivudine treatment [7]; however, this restoration of T-cell activity is partial, transient and does not lead to an increase in HBeAg seroconversion [8], suggesting that the timing for vaccination is a relevant variable. On the other hand, the patients restarted NUC treatment very soon after discontinuation, just after the first detection of HBV DNA, or when there was evidence of HBV replication at low levels [9–11], following a conservative approach.


The backbone network throughput has climbed up to 40Gbps, it demands a high-speed pattern matching algorithm. In this paper, we apply Half byte matching and SRAM-based Expansion into the traditional TCAM lookup algorithm, to meet accuracy requirements. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, the HBS-TCAM algorithms can significantly improve the service identification accuracy, thus enhancing the performance of TCAM lookup system.


Experiments were conducted to determine the solubility of N and O in Li at 250 to 450 ction prod- C and to determine which of several possible purification methods is most effective in reducing the N and O content of Li. The solubility of N in Li increased from 0.04 wt.% at 250 ction prod- C to 1.31 wt.% at 450 ction prod- C. The solubility of O was found to be 0.010 wt.% at 250 ction prod- C and increased to 0.066 wt.% at 400 ction prod- C. Vacuum distillation, lowtemperature filtration. cold-trapping, and gettering with active metals were investigated as possible purification methods to reduce the N and O content of Li. Of the techniques studied, gettering with active metals was found to be the most effective method of reducing the N concentration, while cold-trapping and low-temperature filtration were most effective in reducing the O concentration. (auth)


The technology of recognition based on HRRP becomes one of the uppermost in environmental perception and objective recognition in modern war because high range resolution profile is easy to get and dispose,AbaBoost is a framework of study which may improve the performance of any given classifier,it was imported into SVMDT in the paper,and this new algorithm was applied to the recognition of high range resolution profile.Experimentation indicates that this algorithms better improves classification precision compared with SVMDT.


See also Education and debate p 226

HIV infections and deaths from AIDS continue to ravage many countries around the world, with most infected people living in the poorest nations.1 In terms of morbidity and mortality, the HIV/AIDS pandemic is worse than the Black Death of the 14th century. The search for an HIV vaccine was seen as the logical solution to the burgeoning epidemic soon after the discovery of HIV, but early enthusiasm became muted as the realities of the challenge became evident.2–4

Nevertheless, there are scientific reasons why there is hope that an HIV vaccine will ultimately be developed. Firstly, studies of non-human primates that were given candidate vaccines based on HIV or SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) have shown either complete or partial protection against infection with the wild type virus. 5 6 Secondly, successful vaccines have been developed against other retroviruses.7 Thirdly, almost all humans develop some form of immune response to HIV infection, with some exposed people remaining uninfected or developing immune responses that are protective or that are able to control the viral infection over long periods.8 Some people have remained free of disease for up to 20 years, often with undetectable viral loads. 9 10 A group of sex workers from Nairobi and South Africa has remained HIV negative despite continuing high risk exposure; resistance to HIV infection in these people is thought to be due to their ability to mount protective immune responses to HIV, rather than to any innate host genetic factors. 11 12 This group has provided insights into strategies for developing a vaccine.

#### Potential developments

An effective, affordable, and accessible HIV vaccine is within reach

Equitable public-private partnerships between researchers, manufacturers, and distributors and partnerships between rich and poor countries are the best strategy for the …


In tandem with the development of technology, economy, and globalization, the number of women entrepreneurs has shown an increase and they have become as good as male entrepreneurs. As the Malay saying goes "the hand that rock the cradle is able to shake the world". This particular saying has strongly proven that women entrepreneurs' current abilities and achievements. However, the financial constraints have slightly affected the business of the women entrepreneurs as some of them do not possess adequate capital. The distributed financial funds could not suffice their business needs. This issue has led the women entrepreneurs to the using of Ar-Rahnu facilities as an alternative to be obtaining financial funds. Hence, this concept paper was to identify the factors that affecting the usage of the Ar-Rahnu scheme among women entrepreneurs. The attitude, customer service, and location of Ar-Rahnu operators are the main factors focused on the use of the Ar-Rahnu scheme among the women entrepreneurs.


Introduction: Ulnocarpale Impaction Syndrom is defined as a degenerative disease on the basis of a relative mis-proportion in lenghth ratio between ulnar and radius, caused either by posttraumatic degeneration or idiopathic history. This causes an unusual high load bearing in the ulnar carpale joint as well as in the distal radio – ulnar joint. All these factors lead to a degeneration of the triangular discus, secondary lunotriqutral instability and chondromalazia of ulna, lunate bone and the triquetral bone. Ulnocarpale Impaction Syndrom is diagnosed by clinical evaluation as well as typical radiologic findings. If non operative treatment leads to unsatisfactory results few operative options can be considered. Ulnar shortening osteotomy is one of them. Material and Methods: From 2003 until 2006, 10 Patients were treated. 3 female patients and 7 male patients, with an average age of 46 years and/or 42,7 years were operated on. We evaluated forearm rotation, power, DASH Score, Numeral Analogue scale and radiologic findings considering ulnar lenghth and bone consolidation. Results: Painfree forearm rotation increased significantly postoperatively. An increase in power was seen as well as a reduction of the DASH score of 51,6 points. Also the numeral analogue scale showed a reduction of 5 points. Postoperatively the ratio of ulnar to radial lenghth was nearly equal (average of ulnar -1mm) and all osteotomies showed normal bony healing. Conclussion: Surgical therapy of painful ulnar impaction syndrom using ulnar shortening osteotomy seems to be a very feasible and practical procedure. In comparison to resection arthroplasty and the wafer procedure, ulnar shortening osteotomy shows no significant increase of pressure in the sigmoid fossa. Therefor it is the treatment of joice in our departement.


Reports showing the numbers of cases of influenza reported for the week ended January 26, 1929, were received by the Public Health Service from the health officers of 43 States. (See p. 306.) Fortyone of these States showed a decrease in the prevalence of the disease as compared with the preceding week. The number of cases of influenza reported for the week ended January 26, 1929, was 55,000, as compared with 90,000 cases for the week ended January 19. The table on page 320 shows the death rate for influenza and pneumonia (combined) for 89 cities for the week ended January 19 to be 551 per 100,000 population. For the preceding week this rate was 648 per 100,000.


What are the impacts this pandemic is leaving on politics? In this essay, I will argue that Covid-19 – beyond the rhetoric of exceptionalism or denialism – is unveiling some 'structural' features of Western capitalist-societies – on one side, the pervasiveness of digital technologies shaping more and more the public sphere; on the other side, social reproduction as contested terrain between divergent forces. The erosion of spaces for decision-making in liberal democracies seems to be questioned by the emergence of practices of mutualism and claims for common goods.


This paper presents an analysis of tube wall heat transfer using a simplified two-dimensional model. Wall conduction is modelled using the laplacianFoam solver from OpenFOAM R ©with boundary conditions representing internal/external convection and radiation. Using this model, the effect of sodium as a working fluid is compared with molten salt, and tube performance is characterised through the use of tube efficiency. Fouling has a significant effect on the efficiency with molten salt as a heat transfer fluid. Variation in fluid flow parameters and tube dimensions also have a significant impact on the efficiency tubes using molten salt. Tubes using liquid sodium are effectively insensitive to tube diameter and flow velocity.


The Judeo-Christian Tradition and the Western Synthesis The idea of Europe and the West is not static, rather, it is continually evolving. Europe as a geographical entity was identified by Herodotus in the fifth century BC. However, Joseph Ratzinger, later Benedict XVI, defined the concept of Europe not as a geographical location but as a cultural and historical concept.1 Today, areas with a European heritage exhibit wide divergences. Hernando de Soto, in his study of capitalism in South America, identified the lack of robust property rights as a major source of the failure of capitalism to take root and bear…


In social thought, we can very schematically identify three main perspectives on the concept of order: i) order as intentionally planned social form: the idea of the order as a social result of a plan deployed from the top has a long history (from Platone to the totalitarian experience); ii) order as a non intentional spontaneous social form: opposite to the former perspective, this interpretation comes from the famous poem of Mandeville, through the works of authors like Smith, Durkheim and von Hayek; iii) moral order, that is the typical Durkheim's concept that the social order expresses substantially a moral order corresponding, in the industrialised modern society, to the organic solidarity. The sociological traditional thought has two further possible perspectives for fruitfully exploring the issue of the social order: Simmel's approach, emphasising the role of the level of social interaction; and Weber's framework based on the famous typology of forms of social action. After introducing and discussing these perspectives, the author concludes pointing out three general conditions for maintaining the analytical usefulness of the dichotomy order/disorder.


The essay opens comparing the Eastern and Western ways of representing the Holy Trinity: Andrei Rublev and Masaccio. It then identifies the scriptural source of the format used by Masaccio, Hebrews 4, 16, and suggests the theological character of this representational type preferred in the West, adducing other passages from Hebrews. The author sees in Masaccio's fresco the attempt to illustrate the point of intersection of the life of God with human life. A second section then relates the fresco to its context in the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella, in Florence, on the wall facing the large door from the cemetery. The text reflects on the anthropological and theological implications of the image in its context, recalling works that are analogous in their iconography. It meditates then upon the meaning of relationships - of the Divine Persons, in the case of Masaccio's fresco, but of human persons too - in the iconographic tradition of the Trinity: Father and Son, Mother and son, Mother and Friend, the Donors with all the above, the Spectator with the work of art. The author concludes suggesting a theological reading of the perspective space and Brunelleschian architecture in Masaccio's fresco, which seems to want to evoke the 'true tent' and sanctuary not built by human hands' of the Letter to the Hebrews.


Clinical breast examinations (CBEs) are a vital part of breast cancer screening programs. However, there is a lack of standardization in the kinds of motion and the forces used during the examination, which can lead to either an inaccurate or a missed diagnosis. The use of sensors in CBE simulations and training can help to alleviate this issue. This paper demonstrates a flexible, three-axis capacitive touch-force sensor that utilizes a patterned elastomeric dielectric layer. The sensor was fabricated from a copper-clad Kapton laminate and can resolve normal pressure and track directional motion. The electronic and mechanical properties of the patterned dielectric layer were analyzed in detail using finite-element analysis techniques and these results were then used to optimize the sensor. In a mock CBE setup, we used a breast model to demonstrate that the sensor, when placed under the model, could track a normal force of about 18 N when applied to the test area, as well as the trajectory of the force as it was applied around the breast model. This data, along with the accompanying variations in signal patterns, can be utilized to quantify the CBE conducted by an expert physician, which in turn can be used as feedback in training tools for residents and other physicians.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of myocardial revascularisation and associated improvement of left ventricular systolic function on heart rate variability in patients after myocardial infarction.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study population consisted of 35 patients, who within the previous 6 months had suffered from myocardial infarction and in whom low dose dobutamine ventriculography revealed hibernating myocardium, whereas coronary angiography provided indications to revascularisation. CABG was performed in 22 patients, PTCA of the infarct-related artery in 13 patients. At baseline, 3 months and 3 years after the procedure radionuclide ventriculography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and 24hr continuous ECG recording were performed.

RESULTS
After initial improvement of systolic function in ventriculography (EF = 48.63 +/- 11.6 v. 52.37 +/- 11.27 at p < 0.001) it slightly but not significantly decreased at long-term follow-up (EF = 51.8 +/- 10.77). The remaining parameters of systolic function function behaved in a similar way in radionuclide ventriculography. Diastolic function parameters did not change significantly at early and long-term follow-up. HRV measures did not change at 3 months but at 3 years both sympathetic- and parasympathetic- related parameters and global autonomic activity were diminished. At 3 years global autonomic activity and parasympathetic activity were diminished with their values similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
It seems that HRV measures diminish at long- -term follow-up. The type of revascularisation procedure is only of short-range value with the parameters stabilising on a similar level at long-term follow-up.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) among various hospitals, Palakkad. To assess the risk factors causing pregnancy-induced hypertension. To find out the treatment strategies for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methodology: A total of 197 cases were included in this study. From this sample, 50 women were pregnant women with PIH and 147 women were pregnant women without PIH. The study was designed as a prospective study. A Predesigned data collection form was used to obtain the data. A pregnant woman diagnosed by a physician as GDM is the basic criteria to include in this study. Results: The prevalence of PIH in pregnancy was found to be 25.38% and the prevalence of Non-PIH pregnant women was found to be 74.62%. Gestational hypertension of pregnancy was diagnosed in 34(68%) cases. In our study about 50% of pregnant women with PIH comes within the age limit of 23-27 years. And about 58% of the PIH patients having BMI comes between the limit of 25–30Kg/m 2 . In our study population, about 94% of PIH patients having the parity number less than 2 and 44% of PIH patients were having the second gravida. Out of 50 patients, 44(88%) PIH patients were prescribed with monotherapy and 6(12%) PIH patients were prescribed with combination therapy. Conclusion: The prevalence of PIH was found to be 25.38% among the study population. Age, BMI, gravidity, parity, family history and previous history shows an influence on the development of PIH. In our study the incidence of monotherapy was high. Methyldopa was the commonest prescribed antihypertensive in monotherapy as well as in combination therapy. Minimol.P.V 1* , Dr. C I Sajeeth 2 , Mrs. Thangamani.S 3 1*Post graduate student, Department Of Pharmacy Practice, Grace College Of Pharmacy, Kodunthirapully, Palakkad, Kerala-678004. 2 Head of Department, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Grace College of Pharmacy, Kodunthirapully, Palakkad, Kerala-678004 3Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Grace College of Pharmacy, Kodunthirapully, Palakkad, Kerala-678004, India. Submission: 1 June 2016 Accepted: 7 June 2016 Published: 25 June 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 88 INTRODUCTION The main aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension among various hospitals, Palakkad. To assess the risk factors causing pregnancy-induced hypertension. To find out the treatment strategies for pregnancy-induced hypertension. To determine the frequency and distribution of different types of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to assess the drug utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced hypertension affects 2-10% of all pregnancy with results of many maternal and fetal complications. Early detection and treatment may reduce the complications in pregnancy outcome. PIH is a condition of elevated blood pressure level generally detected during pregnancy and become normal soon after delivery, resulting in immediate and long-term effects to both mother and child. Identifying women for the possibility of PIH is depended on the presence of risk factors, PIH is usually confirmed after the 20 th week of pregnancy. But PIH can affect in any stage of gestation. The factors that can influence the pregnant women to develop PIH include age, BMI, gravidity, parity, family history and obstetric history (2) . PIH is defined as hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg) with or without proteinuria (≥300 mg/24 hours) emerging after 20 weeks gestation, but resolving up to 12 weeks postpartum. Also known as "Toxemia of Pregnancy". Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as systolic blood pressure (sBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (dBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or by ↑ in sBP ≥ 30 mmHg, or in dBP ≥15 mmHg from preconception or first-trimester blood pressure confirmed by two measuring 6 hours apart. (3) Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are classified into 4 categories, as recommended by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: 1) chronic hypertension, 2) preeclampsia, 3) preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and 4) gestational hypertension (transient hypertension of pregnancy or chronic hypertension identified in the latter half of pregnancy) (1) Gestational hypertension(GH): GH is diagnosed in women whose blood pressure reaches ≥140/90mmHg for the first time during pregnancy (after 20 weeks gestation), but without proteinuria. Blood pressure normalizes by 12 weeks postpartum. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 89 Preeclampsia (PE): Hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140 / 90 mmHg) accompanied with proteinuria exceeding 300 mg/24 hours emerges for the first time after 20 weeks gestation, but both symptoms normalize by 12 weeks postpartum. Superimposed preeclampsia (S-PE): Superimposed preeclampsia is diagnosed in the following three cases. (1) New onset proteinuria ( ≥ 300 mg/24hours) in hypertensive women who exhibit no proteinuria before 20 weeks gestation. (2) Hypertension and proteinuria documented antecedent to pregnancy and/or detected before 20 weeks gestation, one or both of which progressing after 20 weeks gestation. (3) Renal disease with proteinuria documented antecedent to pregnancy and/or detected before 20 weeks gestation, which is accompanied by new onset hypertension after 20 weeks gestation. Eclampsia (E): Eclampsia is defined as the onset of convulsions in a woman with PIH that cannot be attributed to other causes. The seizures are generalized and may appear before, during, or after labor. Treating hypertension does not alter the progression of the disease. However, it has been shown that early treatment decreases not only the frequency of hypertensive crisis but also the rate of neonatal complications. Antihypertensive medications are mainly used to prevent or treat severe hypertension, to prolong pregnancy for as long as safely possible thereby maximizing the gestational age of the infant, and to minimize fetal exposure to medications that may have adverse effects (1) . Objective of the study  To determine the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension among the study population.  To assess the risk factors causing pregnancy-induced hypertension.  To find out the treatment strategies for pregnancy-induced hypertension.  To determine the frequency and distribution of different types of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to assess the drug utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy  To study the impact of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 90 MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in two various hospitals, Palakkad. The pregnant women who diagnosed and treated for PIH were taken into the study for the period of six months from October 2015-March 2016. A pregnant women diagnosed by a physician as PIH is the basic criteria to include in this study. Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, renal disorder and autoimmune disease women were not included in this study. A specially designed data entry form was used for collecting patient details. Total of 197 patients was included in this study. RESULTS Table 1: Prevalence of pregnant women with PIH and without PIH Frequency (n=197) Percentage(%) PIH 50 25.38 Non-PIH 147 74.62 Figure1: Prevalence of pregnant women with PIH and without PIH Table 1 & Figure 1 shows that the prevalence of pregnant women with PIH was found to be 28.38% among the study population. And the prevalence of pregnant women without PIH was found to be 74.62% among the study population. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 91 Table 2:Age-wise distribution among the study population Age group (years) PIH (n=50) Non-PIH (n=147) 18-22 14(28%) 39(26.53%) 23-27 25(50%) 66(44.89%) 28-32 10(20%) 32(21.77%) >32 1(2%) 10(6.8%) Figure 2: Age-wise distribution among the study population Table 2 & Figure2 shows that about 50% of the PIH patients comes under the age group of 2327 years. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 92 Table 3: Distribution based on Body Mass Index among the study population BMI (Kg/m 2 ) PIH (n=50) Non-PIH (n=147) <25 4(8%) 103(70.07%) 25-30 29(58%) 29(19.73%) >30 17(34%) 15(10.2) Figure 3: Distribution based on BMI among the study population Table 3 & Figure 3 shows that about 58% of PIH patients comes under the BMI ranging from 25-30 Kg/m 2 and about 70.07% of Non-PIH patients comes under the BMI <25 Kg/m 2 . www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Minimol.P.V et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (3): 87-102. 93 Table 4: Distribution based on Family History among the study population Table 4 shows that about 40% of PIH patients have a family history of hypertension. Hence, it shows that positive family history had an influence on the development of PIH. Table 5: Distribution based on the previous History among the study population Number of patients having the previous history of PIH among the study population PIH (n=50) Non-PIH (n=147)


By analyzing the conditions of causing deadlock and the concurrency control of the transactions based on timestamp,the paper presents the strategies of preventing process deadlock(this is a dynamic priority scheme) in the distributed systems.It adopts two possible solutions(wait-die strategy and wound-wait strategy) to solve the conflict of resources petitions in preventing process deadlock.The feasibility and validity of this scheme are theoretically and practically validated.


Antiangiogenic therapy is a new strategy for tumor therapy.Endostatin is an inhibitor factor that can intensively inhibit angiogenesis,further it could inhibit the growth and transfer of tumor cell.So endostatin became the focused object of anti-tumor therapy.The therapy of endostatin combined with chemotherapy,radiotherapy or immunotherapy can not only significantly enhance other anti-tumor treatment,but also reduce the toxicity of other treatment,which will open up a new way to antiangiogenesis therapy of tumors.We review in this paper the mechanism of endostatin and its applications in tumor therapy.


In this paper, the authors aim to represent, in a simplified way, the solid skeleton relative to the coarse aggregates in a hot asphalt mixture. The objective is to incorporate the coarse aggregates in the numerical modeling of the material using the Finite Element Method. The grain size distribution and shape of the coarse aggregates are analyzed and considered in the geometric model, using a three-dimensional random packing technique. From the constitutive point of view, the coarse aggregates are simulated as linear elastic solids, while the Matrix of Fine Aggregates is considered a viscoelastic continuum material. To validate the model, experimental results of a creep and recovery test are compared to the results of virtual tests simulated using the proposed technique, attaining excellent agreement.


We present a general theoretical model for optical heterodyne DPSK receivers for optical communications systems where transmitter and local oscillator lasers have significant linewidths. Quantum phase noise in the lasers is treated as such, but in contrast with previous models for DPSK, receiver noise and local oscillator shot noise are treated as additive noise on the receiver output voltage, as this allows a straightforward description of the effects of post-detection filtering. As a consequence of the detection scheme, a key issue is to account for the non-Gaussian statistics of the output voltage, and this is done using a Chernov bound formulation. Detailed numerical results for a typical 140 Mbit/s p-i-n-FET front end are presented. It is found that heterodyne DPSK gives improved receiver sensitivity compared to other heterodyne detection schemes for IF linewidths below 0.7 percent of the data rate.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor device and an STI formation method therefor are provided to reduce BV fail by growing an etching rate of the HV domain larger than the LV domain. CONSTITUTION: A pad oxide film pattern(203a) and a nitride film pattern(205a) are formed on a semiconductor substrate having the LV(Low Voltage) domain and the HV(High Voltage) domain. When performing an etching process using a pad oxide film pattern and a nitride film pattern as a mask, the STI(Shallow Trench Isolation)(216) of the LV domain and the STI(215) of the HV domain are formed by generating the level difference by the ion doped in the HV domain of the semiconductor substrate.


Two‐scale continuum equations are derived for heterogeneous continua with full nonlinear electromechanical coupling using nonlinear mathematical homogenization theory. The resulting coarse‐scale electromechanical continuum equations are free of coarse‐scale constitutive equations. The unit cell (or representative volume element) is subjected to the overall mechanical and electric field extracted from the solution of the coarse‐scale problem and is solved for arbitrary constitutive equations of fine‐scale constituents. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the behavior of electroactive materials with heterogeneous fine‐scale structure and can pave the way forward for designing advanced electroactive materials and devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to screen embryos before transfer is now being onsidered for several indications beyond its original use to avoid transmission of severe enetic diseases to children. One proposed expansion receiving wide attention is a couple's use f PGD to have a healthy child who would be a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA) atch for tissue donation to an existing child.


Slagstone (iron silicate slag) produced as a byproduct of copper smelting was used to redevelop groynes and embankments on the river Elbe. Comparison studies showed that macrozoobenthos populations on slag stones are smaller than those on natural stones.


The authors combine their experiences in three independent studies of informal learning in the contexts of the workplace, school and leisure. They uncover aspects of collaborative work, learning and play involving the use of different learning and teaching techniques, and supported by appropriations of the regular use of the applications. The importance of play, both for application learning and innovative use in different settings, including the workplace, is examined. The implications of explicitly supporting ad hoc collaborative approaches to learning how to use a computer application are explored.


Doxorubicin (DOX)/CaCO3 single crystals act as pH responsive drug carrier. A biomimetic approach demonstrates that calcite single crystals are able, during their growth in the presence of doxorubicin, to entrap drug molecules inside their lattice along specific crystallographic directions. Alterations in lattice dimensions and microstructural parameters are determined by means of high‐resolution synchrotron powder diffraction measurements. Confocal microscopy confirms that doxorubicin is uniformly embedded in the crystal and is not simply adsorbed on the crystal surface. A slow release of DOX was obtained preferentially in the proximity of the crystals, targeting cancer cells.


[Objective] The aim of the research was to discuss a kind of method for extracting high-quality DNA from Thellungiella salsuginea.[Method] DNA was extracted from T.salsuginea by simplified SDS method,improved CATB method,CTAB method and improved urea method respectively.The purity and concentration of DNA extracted by different methods were determined.And they were detected by electrophoresis and restriction enzyme digestion and their results were compared.[Result] DNA extracted by improved CTAB method had high purity and good quality,without the pollution of carbohydrate,phenols and protein.It could be used in PCR amplification and digestion with restriction enzymes and the improved CTAB method was more accordant with the demands of molecular biology research than other methods.DNA extracted by CTAB method was not polluted by protein,but it was polluted by phenols.It could be taken as the templates for PCR amplification.The quality of DNA extracted by SDS method and urea method was so worse that it could not meet with the demands of molecular biology research.[Conclusion] Compared with other methods,the improved CATB method was more suitable for molecular biology research.


Foreword and Acknowledgments Introduction French Cuisine Beef and Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Poultry Game Seafood Eggs and Dairy Vegetables Fruit, Nuts, and Fruit Desserts Bread and Porridge Pastries and Sweets Soups and Stews Sauces and Spices Beverages Sample Menus Appendix 1: What's with All the Butter? Appendix 2: Ingredients and Sources Appendix 3: Special Tools and Sources Appendix 4: Jane Austen's Works and Their Abbreviations Bibliography Meet the Kitchen Maids / Meet the Tasters


Effect of temperature on near-infrared (NIR) spectra has been studied and applied to structural and quantitative analyses. To investigate the effect of temperature on NIR spectra of alkyl organic system, n-alkanes were studied in this work. NIR spectra of pure n-alkanes (hexane to decane), binary (hexane and octane) and ternary (octane, nonane and decane) mix- tures were measured. In the experiments, temperature was controlled to change from 60 to 20 ℃ with a step of ca. 5 ℃. Comparing the spectra at different temperatures, only a little difference in peak intensity of some bands can be found. There- fore, alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm was adopted to analyze the three-order data matrix. The results show that two spectral loadings are obtained because the influence of temperature on the spectra of terminal ethyl (C2H5) groups differs from that of mid-chain methylene (CH2) groups. Furthermore, the temperature scores of CH2 and C2H5 groups decrease linearly with temperature, implying that the temperature effect can be quantitatively described by a quantitative spectra-temperature relationship (QSTR) model. The QSTR model provides an efficient way to predict the temperature of n-alkane solutions. Good linearity also exists between sample scores and carbon number or the relative content of CH2 and C2H5 groups in the molecules of the n-alkanes. Linear models between the two scores and the relative content of CH2 and C2H5 groups are obtained, respectively, using the least square fitting of the score and the relative contents. The model can be used for prediction of the relative content of CH2 and C2H5 groups in mixtures, which can further be used to estimate the composition of the mixtures. Furthermore, the relationship between the scores and the carbon atom numbers is modeled using multivariate linear regression (MLR). The composition of n-alkane mixtures can also be estimated through the predicted car- bon number using the MLR model. These models are validated by binary and ternary mixtures of the n-alkanes. It was indi- cated that the relative contents of CH2 and C2H5 groups or the carbon atom number can be predicted using the models. Therefore, a new way for quantitative estimation of the composition in n-alkane mixtures was developed using the tempera- ture effect of the near-infrared spectra. Keywords near-infrared spectra; temperature effect; n-alkane; alternating trilinear decomposition; quantitative spectra- temperature relationship


HMX (cyclotetramethyline tetranitramine) composite propellants burn at rates significantly lower than HMX monopropellant. To model the behavior of these propellants, a new model was developed within the framework of the Beckstead-Derr-Price (BDP) modeling approach. A time-averaging approach has been developed assuming that the propellant burns through alternate layers of binder and oxidizer at significantly different rates. The model has been compared in detail with experimental results from 17 HMX/HTPB propellants. Both the data and the model show that there is only a small dependence of rate on particle size. The model predicts that the rates of HMX/HTPB propellants will converge with increasing solids loadings, and that above -85% solids there is very little change in rate for varying formulations. The interpretation of the data using the model indicates three predominant mechanisms leading to the peculiar characteristics of HMX propellants. First, the HMX binder diffusion flame is an energy poor flame that robs energy from the products that would otherwise result from the monopropellant flame. Second, there appears to be a significant ignition delay time associated with large particles that impedes the overall rate. Third, the binder rate appears to be very significant. The model indicates that changing the rate using conventional catalysis approaches would be very difficult, since the rate is more dependent on binder decomposition characteristics than on the oxidizer.


The application of physical and physical-chemical methods of magnesite processing related to the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of particular magnesite types are presented in this paper. The best product qualities, achieved depending on the degree of liberalization of components contained in the magnesite, are shown. Possibilities and advantages of modelling of mineral processing methods applied to magnesite are also exemplified.


As Rebecca Donlan's column illustrates, librarians in one department can be unfamiliar with some of the issues faced by their colleagues in another–even within the same library. Replace department with type of library, and one might expect that the same is true there, even if the type of library work (say, reference) is shared. In recently attending a workshop on the role of e-government in libraries, I was reminded of that truth. While I may encounter the occasional user asking about tax forms, how to fill out a job application, or how to access the online services and forms of other campus departments, I've been fairly insulated from the impact of e-government on public libraries. I don't encounter nearly as many users struggling with obvious homelessness or serious mental illness, and I'm not aware of academic libraries having much of a history of involvement in community "information and


In this paper, we investigate security issues and challenges facing researchers in wireless sensor networks and countermeasures to resolve them. The broadcast nature of wireless communication makes Wireless Sensor Networks prone to various attacks. Due to resources limitation constraint in terms of limited energy, computation power and memory, security in wireless sensor networks creates different challenges than wired network security. We will discuss several attempts at addressing the issues of security in wireless sensor networks in an attempt to encourage more research into this area.


Simple Summary With the increase of the use of sublobar resection, the optimal strategy for early-stage NSCLC patients is essential. Previous studies showed tumors in different lobes are associated with different prognoses after radiotherapy and immunotherapy, inspiring us that each lobes had a different prognosis. Thus, we investigated the best surgical procedure for sublobar resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm based on a lobe-specific analysis using propensity score matching. The results of this study will make it easier for surgeons to screen out patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm for segmentectomy or wedge resection, although this must be validated in larger cohorts. Abstract (1) Background: Sublobar resection can be used as an alternative surgical strategy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the choice between wedge resection and segmentectomy remains contentious. In this study, we investigated the optimal surgical procedure for sublobar resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm with a lobe-specific analysis; (2) Methods: Data for patients with T1N0M0 with a diameter of ≤2 cm who had undergone sublobar resection were retrieved. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the inherent bias, and the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess the differences in survival; (3) Results: A total of 1882 patients were identified after the PSM. Patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm who had undergone segmentectomy showed better survival than those who had undergone wedge resection. However, when NSCLC was ≤1 cm, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups. This demonstrated an OS advantage of segmentectomy over wedge resection for patients with NSCLC tumors of 1–2 cm (p = 0.024). Further analysis indicated that this survival benefit was only observed in patients with right upper NSCLC of 1–2 cm, but not with NSCLC in the other four lobes; (4) Conclusions: Segmentectomy showed a greater survival benefit than wedge resection only in patients with NSCLC of 1–2 cm, particularly those with primary tumors in the right upper lobe. Therefore, we propose a lobe-specific sublobar resection strategy for early-stage NSCLC patients (tumors of 1–2 cm) who cannot tolerate lobectomy.


Abstract The application of concepts, principles, and methods of thermodynamics of equilibria and processes to bioengineering systems has led to a new and growing field: engineering biothermodynamics. This article is the second in a series devoted to presenting to the biophysical chemist and the biochemical engineer the fundamentals and also the possibilities of this field, the latter aspect being demonstrated by examples. Here we will elaborate on the thermodynamics of adsorption phenomena of proteins on solid surfaces. Equilibria and processes of single- and multi-component protein solutions including an inert sorbent surface to adsorb proteins will be considered. Also, phenomena such as multi-contact adsorption of a (big) protein on a surface and the (often irreversible) denaturation process of a protein after adsorption will be discussed in brief.


The invention provides a multizone browser and a control method thereof. The browser comprises a main zone and at least one additive zone, wherein the additive zones are arranged outside or inside the frame of the main zone to form a browser entity; the main zone and the additive zones are not overlapped mutually and are used for displaying information in a document zone, and information operated and displayed by the main zone and the additive zones are not interfered mutually; the position, amount, size and laying status of the additive zones in the browser can be set according to the requirements; a tool bar and a status bar are set at the upper part and lower part of the main zone respectively; a tool bar is or is not set at the upper part of each of the additive zones, and a status bar is or is not set at the lower part of each of the additive zones; and a title bar, a menu bar, a function button bar and an address bar are set in the tool bar of the main zone, and a title bar, a menu bar, a function button bar and an address bar are completely or partially set in the tool bar of each of the additive zones. The browser is scientific in design, reasonable in structure, wide in applicable range, easy and simple in operation as well as convenient in use, meets the requirement of huge information amount of current networks sufficiently, and is suitable for all patterns of information display by taking a webpage as a carrier.


Approximations of the fractional‐order differentiator and integrator operators s±r are proposed in this work. These approximations target the realization of these operators using standard active filter transfer functions. Hence, circuit implementations in integrated circuit form or in discrete component form are significantly facilitated. Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) realizations of the proposed approximations are given and validated via simulations using the AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology, while experimental results using operational amplifier circuits are tested and confirm the proposed theory.


Abstract : In this report we present the results of a study using data from AMPTE/CCE, ground stations, and DMSP F7 during substorms. We have examined 12 events during which CCE was located near the neutral sheet and observed the disruption of the cross-tail current. During these events there were simultaneous ground magnetic field data near to the CCE local time sector. DMSP F7 crossed the nightside auroral oval within 40 minutes of substorm onset at CCE during five of the events. We find that the data are consisent with a near-Earth substorm initiation. We also find that the Tsyganenko (1987) magnetic field model requires an additional tail-like stress during substorms, which corresponds to an equatorward displacement of auroral zone field lines. Assuming that the center of the electrojet is drawn from the near-Earth region, the magnitude of this displacement is about 1 deg to 2 deg. Magnetosphere, Magnetotail, Current.


Image: di59159 - Robert Worthington (right) leaps from driver's seat to confront photographer. Attorney James Cobb in front seat and Mrs. Cecil Fileds in back. Worthington indicted by Grand Jury on panderins, abetting prositution, conspiring to transport a woman for inste


This paper presents a unified approach to the compression and privacy of Hyperspectral Images presenting a lossless compression method based on linear prediction and the application of watermarks to a Region of Interest (ROI) of an image. The proposed methods are experimentally evaluated.


Water insecurity is a threat to pastoral livelihoods and sustainability. The Water Act of 2002 created the Water Resource Users' Associations (WRUAs) to enhance water resource conservation and enhance water access at the local level. Yet, environmental degradation has increased in recent times, further exacerbating water crisis and threatening livelihoods. This study sought to assess the status of community based water resource conservation in the Southern rangelands of Kajiado, Kenya. Kiserian WRUA members were purposively sampled for this survey. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also conducted to validate the data. Chi-square and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 20. Results indicated that access to information on water resource management was significantly associated (χ2=0.56, p≤0.05) with membership to the WRUA. Majority (79.5%) of the Kiserian WRUA members had participated in tree planting within the catchment. Half (50%) of the WRUA members were mainly motivated to join the association because of perceived benefits like improved access to water at lower prices and participation in catchment protection. The main challenge facing the WRUA was lack of funds (93.2%). This study recommends awareness to increase WRUA membership and allocation of sufficient funding from the government and other related stakeholders to WRUA conservation activities, if catchment conservation for improved water access in the area is to be realized.


The manned simulation of a large transport aircraft is described. Aircraft and systems data necessary to implement the mathematical model described in Volume I and a discussion of how these data are used in model are presented. The results of the real-time computations in the NASA Ames Research Center Flight Simulator for Advanced Aircraft are shown and compared to flight test data and to the results obtained in a training simulator known to be satisfactory.


Few studies have been conducted on the relationship between "outside-residing" resilience characteristics and the risk of developing drug use disorder later in life. These characteristics include responsive and caring parenting, household routines involving regular family meals and bedtime routines, social support from peers, participation in organized activities, and religious service attendance. We quantified the association between these resilience promotion factors during childhood and the risk of developing criteria for drug use disorder during adulthood using data from a retrospective cohort study of 618 adults born in Massachusetts during 1969–1983, including those with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Self-administered questionnaires gathered information on criteria for drug use disorder, ACEs, and family and community resilience promotion factors. Compared to individuals with "low" numbers of resilience promotion factors, 30% (95% CI: 0.5–0.9) and 50% reductions (95% CI: 0.4–0.8) in the risk of developing one or more criteria for drug use disorder were observed among those with "moderate" and "high" numbers of resilience factors, respectively (p value for trend=0.003). Overall, family factors were associated with greater risk reductions than comparable numbers of community factors. Among individuals with ACEs, a "high" number of family factors but not community factors were associated with a reduction in risk (RR:0.6, 95% CI:0.4–1.0 for family factors, RR:1.0, 95% CI:0.5–1.8 for community factors). These results suggest that the risk of developing criteria for drug use disorder decreases in a dose-response fashion according to the number of "outside-residing" resilience promotion factors during childhood, and that family factors are associated with greater risk reductions than community factors, particularly among individuals with ACEs. Coordinated prevention efforts at the family and community level are recommended to reduce the risk of this important societal problem.


In the preparation of complex metallization systems on the basis of copper, the final metallization layer makes contact areas on the basis of copper whose surface is passivated on the basis of a specific protective layer, which thus allows the patterning of the passivation layer before transporting the device to a remote production site. Thus, the protected contact surface can efficiently be exposed in the remote manufacturing facility on the basis of an efficient unmasked wet chemical etching process again.


It is still on discussion how oral anticoagulant therapy must be interrupted. A progressive diminution of drug intake have been proposed in order to avoid a MreboundM of vitamin K-dependent procoagulant factors. At the present, it is well known that coumarin drugs affect not only the biologic activity of factors II, VII, IX and X but also Protein C (PC), an inhibitor of coagulation kinetics, and their cofactor Protein S. With the aim to determine the recovery level of PC in relation with the others vitamin K-dependent factors, the effect of suppression of anticoagulant therapy in patients under chronic treatment with acenocoumarin was studied. Quick time, functional factors II, VII, X (one stage methods), functional PC (Francis method) and immunological Factor II and Protein C (Laurell) were determined before and 36 hours after suspension of acenocoumarin administration. Results showed that: 1) Recovery levels of functional Protein C (increased from 28.55% ±2.57 to 72.64% ±5.9) were significantly higer than functional Factor II (22.09% ±2.34 to 30.73% ±8.64), Factor VII (22.55% ±2.01 to 40.73% ±4.85) and Factor X (23.27% ±2.66 to 39.18% ±3.19). Statistical analysis (Newmann-Keuls test) showed at least a p<0.01 between PC increase and factors II, VII or X increment. 2) No significant differences were seen between immunological levels of Factor II before and after suspension of acenocoumarin. 3) Levels of immunological PC in patients under anticoagulant therapy were higer than functional PC. After acenocoumarin suppression, not correlation was seen between immunological and functional Protein C recovery. It is concluded that acute suppression of acenocoumarin does not induce a thrombotic tendency because the recuperation of functional Protein C is more important than factors II, VII and X recovery.


High voltage transmission line fault location algorithm without synchronization, which does not require sampling synchronization, reduces cost and has a higher practical engineering value. But the algorithm still needs to be improved in the false root identification of ranging equation, this paper makes a further research on this issue. Firstly, the false root problem of fault location algorithm without synchronization is analyzed, and then a new false root identification method is proposed for the case that the traditional method can't be distinguished when the voltage amplitudes are close. The new method is based on the difference of the existence of the false root in the calculation of the voltage along the line with different electrical modulus. The proposed algorithm is simple, easy to solve and more universal. ATP-EMTP simulation results verify effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


It is disappointing that the BMJ perpetuates the myth that capacity assessment entails a two stage test.1

McFarlane made clear in the case PC & NC v City of York Council [2013] EWCA Civ 478 that the Mental Capacity Act specifies a single test: "For the …


The level of party competition within states is frequently considered in terms of statewide elections. However, using a statewide measure masks important variations in party competition, especially when considering the behavior of individual state legislators. This is so because the statewide measure may bear no similarity to party competition in an individual legislator's district. We investigated party competition for state legislative seats in eight states during 1892-1972. Our analysis reveals that state legislative party competition is on the decline in this century, with some exceptions. Our data support Burnham's work on electoral disaggregation and the atrophy of the party system, and show substantial differences between the classification of states according to statewide electoral competition and classification according to state legislative competition.


The perturbative solution of the equation for the oneparticle Green's function for the ideal problem of a dense infinite electron gas with neutralizing uniform positive background and a static source'' consisting of a fixed positive point charge of atomic number Z is investigated. The densities appropriate to the perturbation expansion are so high as to limit the quantitative applicability of the model to very dense metals or dense degenerate astronomical systems such as white dwarfs. Lowest order expressions for the non- Hermitian effective Hamiltonian of the singleparticle excitation spectrum are derived. According to an interpretation discussed in a previous paper, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the effective Hamiltonian correspond also to single-electron energy levels and wave functions associated with ground-state properties of the system. Some general properties of the induced charge density and of the corresponding polarization potential are discussed. The theory predicts the existence of a discrete spectrum of bound holes and its disappearance beyond a certain limiting value of the density, n: n/sup 1/3/ approximates Z/sup 2/a/sub 0-1/, whe re a/sub 0/ is the Bohr radius. This is a consequence of the fact that the lowest order polarization potential is a shielded Coulomb potential (Yukawa potential) with amore » range inversely proportional to the classical plasma frequency. This potential, derived here by a formal limiting process, is well known from the electron theory of metals where its dertvation has been based on a linearized Thomas-Fermi treatment. In order for the discrete spectrum of bound holes to have physical reality it is necessary that the level width of these holes be less than the spacing of bound levels or less than the distance to the continuum limit. This condition is verified, at high densities, by a lowest order calculation of the level width in the same formal high-density limit that yielded the Yukawa potential. Approximate numerical estimates for the level width are then given for a considerably wider range of densities and values of Z. It is shown that, to a fair approximation, the level width depends on only two parameters: the ratio of the interparticle spacing to the Bohr radius and the ratio of the binding energy to the Fermi energy, provided that these parameters are less than or comparable to unity. It turns out that away from the limit of very small binding energies, the plasmon- emission mode gives an important contribution to the level width. An interesting consequence of the present work is that for low binding energies the orbits'' of bound holes may be considerably larger than the interparticle spacing. Some physical applications of the results, particularly to the problems of electron capture by a nucleus in a dense medium, and the x-ray spectrum of atoms in metals are briefly discussed. (auth)« less


A motion vector indicating the amount of movement from past texture images is predicted and a texture image is encoded, for each block being part of an area configuring a texture image comprising brightness values for each pixel, and a prediction vector generation unit generates a prediction vector on the basis of: a motion vector for one block among the blocks; a motion vector for an adjacent block adjacent to the one block; a block for a depth map being a region corresponding to the one block, among depth maps comprising depth values indicating the distance from each pixel viewpoint; and a block for a reference depth map being a region corresponding to the one block, among reference depth maps being depth maps corresponding to the one block and encoded or decoded in the past. As a result, a prediction vector generation method, an image encoding method, and an image decoding method, etc., that achieve excellent coding efficiency are provided.


sulted in a marked decrease of Ab production and an accumulation of C-terminal APP fragments that remain associated with membranes. Because these observations were consistent in multiple cell types, as well as in isolated microsomes, these authors suggest that presenilin-1 has a direct role in g-secretase activity, either by serving as the secretase itself or as a required cofactor. In the second paper, De Strooper et al. determined that presenilin-1 activity is required for the second Notch cleavage event in 6i6o. Presenilin-1deficient mice accumulate endogenous mouse Cterminal APP fragments in brain extracts, as expected, because presenilin-1 is required for g-secretase activity. De Strooper et al. show that the second Notch cleavage event is also blocked in these animals, by using a well-established truncated version of Notch (mNotchDE) that is a substrate for the transmembrane cleavage event, because it encodes only the transmembrane and intracellular domains of Notch. Presenilin-1-deficient animals were unable to cleave this protein, demonstrating that presenilin-1 mediates Notch cleavage in the transmembrane domain and that presenilin-1 deficiency abrogates release of NICD from Notch. Finally, three different g-secretase inhibitors were also found to inhibit both mNotchDE and APP cleavage to similar extents at similar concentrations, providing further support for biochemical similarities between the Notch protease and g-secretase. In the third and fourth papers, both Struhl and Greenwald and Ye et al. use Drosophila as a model to explore the connections between presenilin-1 and Notch processing. Struhl and Greenwald demonstrate that loss-of-function mutants of the single Drosophila presenilin are phenotypically indistinguishable from Notch-deficient embryos, indicating that presenilin is required for Notch activity during development. Next, an assay that measured nuclear access of the intracellular portion of Notch following cleavage at the transmembrane domain showed that cleavage, but not nuclear translocation of the released intracellular domain, was dependent on presenilin. These experiments demonstrated that presenilin is required for Notch cleavage and its subsequent signaling, although they do not distinguish between a direct proteolytic role for presenilin or an indirect role as a required accessory protein for cleavage or transport. Ye et al. also identified null presenilin mutants in Drosophila that failed to produce adult structures during pupation; a phenotype very similar to that of suppressor of hairless, which encodes a component of the Notch signaling pathway. However, in contrast to the results of Struhl and Greenwald, Ye et al. found that a NotchDE-analogous construct was still able to signal in the absence of presenilin, and suggest that their findings are more consistent with a role for presenilin in protein transport rather than in the cleavage event itself. These new studies have used a combination of genetics and cellular biology to demonstrate that presenilin-1 is intimately linked to g-secretase and Notch protease activity. Whether presenilin-1 has intrinsic proteolytic activity towards APP and/or Notch will require a more detailed biochemical investigation using purified components. However, the similarities between APP and Notch processing suggest that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit presenilin-1-mediated processing of APP may be less specific than required for clinical use in AD. Effective therapies based on interfering with g-secretase activity will need to selectively target the APP cleavage site to avoid interfering with Notchmediated signaling events.


Nine hundred and thirty four (934) gestation periods from a Gir herd under selection as dairy cattle, were studied to detect probable influences on parity years (1954/1972), calf weight and sex, season and sex, season and parity. Average gestation period was 286 days with a standard deviation of 11.4. The selected mathematical model was: estimated periods = 292.98 - 0.29 (parity) 2 + 2.34 (parity) + 0.49 (weight of calf) 0.31 (year of parturition) where all variables were significant (P<0.05). Maximun gestation length was reached at parity four (288 days), as curvilinear effect was observed. Sex effect was probably absorbed in variable weight and all contrasts involving seasonal effect were not significant.


The countries' factor endowments and use of advanced technology are important parameters for decreasing costs relating to agricultural production. As regards competitiveness in cotton markets, reducing cost of production is no less a requisite than attaining a high level of productivity. Mechanization of harvest is of immense importance for decreasing cost of cotton production. Manual harvesting is the most common harvesting method in Turkey. However, harvest mechanization is becoming more commonplace, owing to higher costs. This study performs an economic analysis of cotton production on basis of farms utilizing various methods of harvesting in Turkey. Moreover, in the study, the factors affecting producers' adoption of harvest mechanization were investigated. There are two different methods adopted for harvest mechanization, the first one being through use of rented harvesting machines and the second one through using proprietary equipment. According to research, the mean of cotton areas harvested using manual methods, rented equipment and proprietary equipment are 7.44 ha, 14.12 ha and 44.55 ha, respectively. The corresponding unginned cotton yields are 3717.37 kg ha -1 , 3444.05 kg ha -1 , and 3426.76 kg ha -1 , respectively. The average total cost is 3855.98 US$ ha -1 for farms harvesting manually, while 3412.38 US$ ha -1 for farms opting to rent a harvesting machine and 3610.63 US$ ha -1 for farms utilizing their own harvesting machines. The gross margins are 159.69 US$ ha -1 , 306.54 US$ ha -1 and 374.75 US$ ha -1 , respectively, with net profits being -1155.69 US$ ha-1, -970.55 US$ ha-1 and -1226.98 US$ ha-1, respectively. The net profits of farms utilizing rented equipment become positive with government subsidies. Cotton farmers are able to continue producing only with government support. Renting a harvesting machine is the most suitable method for harvesting, vis-a-vis owning the equipment. Cotton harvesting using rented equipment is becoming commonplace. The size of the cotton field, the experience of the farmer and age of farmer are important variables affecting farmers' decision to adopt mechanized harvesting. The size of cotton area and farmer's age have a positive effect on farmers' preference for harvesting using rented equipment, rather than harvesting manually.


The frequency-dependent rejection (FDR) terminology is frequently used in EMC analysis, especially in the report literature, and hence it appears useful to discuss it's general definition.


Derivation with acetic anhydride in aqueous media coupled with capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to distinguish alkyl anilines from alkyl pyridines. By use of this approach aniline, C-1 anilines, and C-2 anilines, as well as lesser quantities of C-2 pyridines and C-3 pyridines, were positively identified in a solvent refined coal (SRC)-II blended distillate and in an aqueous extract of the distillate. The extraction procedure and acetylation conditions employed were examined in detail and found suitable for quantitative analysis when combined with capillary gas chromatography. The SRC-II blended distillate contained 8200-9025 ..mu..g/mL anilines and 1335 /sup +/g/mL pyridines. Distilled water equilibrated with the distillate (1:100, SRC-II:H/sub 2/O) contained 65.9-78.9 /sup +/g/mL anilines and 5.6 /sup +/g/mL pyridines. 3 figures, 1 table.


Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a complex endocrine syndrome, which is most commonly known to affect the pediatric population. However, adults also suffer from GHD, and it is often seen as part and parcel of the aging phenomenon. Adult GHD is accompanied by changing body composition with decreased lean muscle mass and increased total body fat, demineralization of bone resulting in osteoporosis, loose skin which translates to wrinkles, and decreased quality of life, which includes decreased energy, decreased libido, poor sleep patterns, generalized malaise, and fatigue. However, research presented in this manuscript shows that monthly human growth hormone injections can promote reversal of some of these changes.


Machine Learning research is progressing at an ever increasing pace. Fueled by technology advances commonly referred to as "Big Data", all data related fields are teaming with scientific and applied activity: our communities explore new application areas, develop new learning algorithms, and continuously scale and improve optimization and estimation methods. But from an industry perspective, many of the most impeding challenges are entirely elsewhere. This talk takes a fresh look at the practical state of affairs in the context of running a large-scale automated machine learning system that supports 50 Billion decision daily on behalf of hundreds of digital advertisers. Some of the key lessons are 1) robustness beats peak performance almost always, 2) support for the constant dynamic fluctuations in the data stream is essential, 3) models exploiting unknowingly any weakness of your metrics, and finally 4) the fact that despite big data, the data you really want never exists.


Based on CDN and P2P, this paper provided a new HSDM. According to the relation of peers and streaming capacity in the system, realized and then simulated the hybrid model. The result shows that compared with traditional CDN and P2P, this new hybrid model obviously reduces the flow of backbone network. And also, with this new method can effectively reduce the pressure of CDN severs and the response time of system without compromising the media quality delivered, and increases the network utilization.


Established tools that assess cultural competency in the health workforce could contribute to providing culturally safe care to First Nations peoples. Using a rapid review approach, we searched several databases to evaluate the characteristics of self-assessment tools used to assess cultural competency and ascertain the context and outcomes of their use. Out of 529 documents, six articles fitted the study's inclusion criteria. The main capabilities assessed by self-assessment tools ranged from knowledge, interest, and familiarity with First peoples' history and culture to providing cultural support, application, and behaviour. Data were limited on outcomes of cultural competency and safety as determined by the health care recipient. Overall, the tools showed significant variability in characteristics and how cultural competency and culturally safe practice was assessed. However, data were lacking to confirm whether the enhanced cultural competency and culturally safe practice demonstrated using these self-assessment tools improved health outcomes for First Nations peoples.


Illuminated, active, in-pavement marker systems (IPMs) can provide a greater level of information to road users than conventional pavement marker systems. Traditionally, IPMs have been used for airport runways and taxiways, and pedestrian crosswalks. More recently, IPMs have been applied in numerous traffic guidance applications. This report documents (1) the state of IPM technology, (2) notable experiences with historical IPM applications, (3) detailed experiences with more recent IPM applications, and (4) IPM research needs. The report will be of particular interest to the traffic and safety engineering community. Information for this report was obtained through a review of published literature, a formal survey of transportation practitioners, an informal survey of IPM vendors and users, and follow-up interviews.


abstract:In this paper, we prove an averaged version of an algebraicity conjecture of Gross and Zagier concerning the values of higher Green's function at CM points. Furthermore, we give the factorization of the ideal generated by such algebraic value in the spirit of the famous work of Gross and Zagier on singular moduli.


Electric power supply system (100, 100a to e) of the present invention is a power supply system for electric power to the transmission through the power system 14 to the transmission processing from the transmission power, the transmission information including a transmission amount from the transmit power to take the determined transmission determining means 40 and the matching of the power reception information of the transmission information in the power reception determination means 43 for determining the power reception information including the number of the total amount of the transmission destination and the transmission power and transmission processing that carried out which, on the basis of the transmission information, binary matching is taken by a communication carried out via the communication system 12, the communication system for performing communication between a transmission power and a transmission destination, transmission to the electric power system from the transmission power the transmission and flow control means (41) for performing, on the basis of the power reception information is binary matching is conducted by the communication via the communication system by taking, from said electric power system at the transmission destination That offers the faucet flow control means (44) for performing I and is characterized.


In this specification, a method and system for manipulation of ovarian tissue is described. The method and system can be used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The system and method may be useful in the treatment of infertility associated with PCOS. In general, the method and system, vaginally, laparoscopically, transdermally, via the natural orifice path through the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, through open surgery approach, or completely non-invasive through approach, configured to access a target region adjacent to the ovarian tissue or ovarian tissue.


The unpredictable variability of Data Stream Processing (DSP) application workloads calls for advanced mechanisms and policies for elastically scaling the processing capacity of DSP operators. Whilst many different approaches have been used to devise policies, most of the solutions have focused on data arrival rate and operator resource utilization as key metrics for auto-scaling. We here show that, under burstiness in the data flows, overly simple characterizations of the input stream can yet lead to very inaccurate performance estimations that affect such policies, resulting in sub-optimal resource allocation.We then present MEAD, a vertical auto-scaling solution that relies on online state-based representation of burstiness to drive resource allocation. We use in particular Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs), which are composable with analytical queueing models, allowing us to efficiently predict performance at run-time under burstiness. We integrate MEAD in Apache Flink, and evaluate its benefits over simpler yet popular auto-scaling solutions, using both synthetic and real-world workloads. Differently from existing approaches, MEAD satisfies response time requirements under burstiness, while saving up to 50% CPU resources with respect to a static allocation.


In a previous study, Ehri and Wilce (1985) found that prereaders who had not mastered letters were better at forming logographic access routes than letter-sound access routes into memory to read words by sight. Of interest here was whether prereaders who knew all their letters would reveal the same pattern. Preschoolers and kindergartners who could read few if any words out of context but who knew letters were taught to read either six simplified phonetic spellings whose letters corresponded to sounds (e.g., JRF for "giraffe"), or six logographic spellings whose letters were non-phonetic but were more visually distinctive (e.g., JRF for "candy"). Word reading practice included either naming or counting letters in phonetic spellings or counting letters in visual spellings. Letter naming was expected to draw prereaders' attention to phonetic cues. Letter counting was the control. Results revealed that phonetic spellings were learned better than visual spellings regardless of whether letters were named or counted. We conclude that prereaders become capable of forming letter-sound access routes when they learn letters well enough to take advantage of the phonetic cues they provide.


Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms syndrome (DRESS) is a severe Cutaneous Adverse drug Reaction, for which allergological explorations are poorly codified. Patch tests are usually well tolerated, and their sensitivity depends on the tested drug. Due to a potential risk of relapse during the tests, intradermal tests (IDTs) are contra-indicated in severe cutaneous drug adverse reactions 1 . Consequently, results of IDTs in DRESS allergological work-up have been rarely reported. The objective of this retrospective monocentric study was to assess the value and tolerance of drug IDTs in patients who had a DRESS and negative patch tests with the same drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In the method of fast-charging of a rechargeable battery, full-charge state is determined on the basis of a peak battery voltage or a decrease DELTAV in the battery voltage after the peak voltage. At the beginning of the fast-charge process, an initial battery voltage is measured. In case where the initial voltage is higher than a preselected voltage, the battery is fast-charged with a normal fast-charge current. In case where the initial voltage is lower than the preselected voltage, the battery is fast-charged with a restricted fast-charge current that is weaker than the fast-charge current.


AbstractIn the classical Gilmore-Gomory model for the one-dimensional cuttingstock problem (1D-CSP) we have to deal implicitly with a huge numberof variables representing all feasible patterns. The advantage is a strong re-laxation and absence of symmetries. To reduce the number of variables, wecan restrict them to subpatterns, i.e., partial patterns which are combined toproduce whole patterns. Each subpattern can be a part of different resultingpatterns; thus, all patterns have to be numbered, which brings much sym-metry into the model. Moreover, the continuous relaxation may not onlyhave non-integer pattern application intensities but alsoovercapacity pat-terns, resulting in a weak bound. However, it is possible to choose a smallset of elementary subpatterns so that standard optimization software can beapplied to the model. Keywords: cutting, symmetries 1 Introduction The one-dimensional cutting stock problem (1D-CSP) is defined by the followingdata: (m, L, l = (l 1 ,...,l m ), b = (b


The total energy content of the food intake of a fish is either lost in the faeces and the excretory products or used for metabolism, growth and any reproductive products released during the period concerned. Winberg (1956) first proposed that about 15% of the total energy intake is lost in the faeces and about 3% in the excretory products. He suggested that a slightly higher value of 20% probably represents the total energy losses in the waste products and this value has been used by many workers. Few workers have measured energy losses in salmonids. Brocksen, Davis & Warren (1968) obtained a value of 14'5%o for cutthroat trout Salmo clarki (Richardson) at 10? C, and and Brocksen & Bugge (1974) obtained values ranging from 28-2% at 5? C to 15-2% at 20? C for rainbow trout S. gairdneri Richardson. None of these values include energy losses in the excretory products: ammonia and urea. Ammonia is the chief excretory product in freshwater teleosts and is excreted primarily from their gills. Kleerekoper & Mogensen (1959) found that 98%0 of amino-derived nitrogen was excreted as ammonia in brown trout S. trutta L. and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Except for the work of Burrows (1964) on chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytcha (Walbaum), only small quantities of urea have been recorded in the excreta of teleosts (Black 1957; Brett 1962; Forster & Goldstein 1969). Other excretory products appearing in very small quantities in the urine are uric acid, creatine, creatinine, amines and amino acids. The present paper is one of a series dealing with feeding and growth in brown trout (Elliott 1972, 1975a, b, c, d, 1976). Its chief purpose is to examine energy losses in the faeces and excretory products of brown trout and to develop equations to estimate these losses.


The scale of current biomass gasification for gas supplying system is around 100-200 households in general,this small scale system can only satisfy the requirement for cooking gas supplying,and the construction cost of the system is higher.Downdraft gasifier is the core component of biomass gasification for gas supplying system,and the key technology in medium scale biomass gasification for gas supplying system is the scaling up design of the downdraft gasifier,in this paper,scaling-up design process of a 750 kW downdraft gasifier has been introduced.


Experiment was aimed to obtain a design of lobster trap wall. The trap was constructed by plastic. Design of wall consisted of standard gap, horizontal gap, vertical gap, and rectangular gap. From those walls, it was determined the wall that was easily crawled by lobster. There were 3 groups of lobster based on body weight and carapace length, i.e. group A (10.5 cm; 10 g), group B (15.5 cm; 70 g), and group C (17 cm; 100 g). The experiment tried to find out the wall color and lobster bait first. From the experiment, lobster preferred to choose crab and red wall. While, the wall design of vertical gap was easier crawled by lobster than those of three others. Keywords : Lobster trap wall, plastic, standard gap, horizontal gap, vertical gap, and rectangular gap.


This study examined how differently native speakers of Japanese discriminated between the American English vowels /  / and / æ / in /CVd/ syllables with 23 different initial consonants, and how the differing discrimination was related to the changes of formant patterns throughout the vowels in comparison with the Japanese vowels /e/ and /a/. A perceptual test and formant analyses of the English and Japanese vowels were conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences in discrimination across the consonantal contexts: the discrimination of /  / was significantly poorer when the initial consonant was /t  /, /  /, /d  /, /j/, /  /, /k/ or /  /, and that of / æ /, when it was /d  /, /  /, /d/, /n/ or /t/. It was found that the poorer discrimination was more related to the smaller values of the formant ratios (F2/F1) of /  / and to the larger values of the formant ratios of /æ/ in the latter part of the vowels. The acoustical closeness between the two English vowels in the latter part of the vowels could be attributed to the poorer discrimination in the particular consonantal contexts.


Information analysis was used to assess the influence of certain anthropogenic factors on the situation in water reservoirs of the Daugava, Dnieper, Don, Volga, Kama, Ob, Yenisei, Amu Darya and Zeya river basins with respect to diphyllobothriasis.


Rain-fed crop production systems in smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe are characterised by low productivity due to inherent low fertility inter alia. This study assessed the long term effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil organic carbon and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield. The study was conducted during the 2010/11 cropping season at sites in natural region II (NRII) and III (NRIII) characterised by both sandy and clayey soils. On each soil type, land use was categorised into conventional tillage (CT), undisturbed or natural soil (NS), and conservation agriculture (CA). CA was further divided into three subcategories based on duration of practice by the farmer at the site: viz CA1 ( 8 yr or more). Organic carbon levels were found to be highest in NS clay soil NRII (1.85%) and lowest in CT sandy soil NR III (0.46 %) but at both sites soil organic carbon levels were in the order NS>CA3>CA2>CA1>CT. Maize grain yields were significantly correlated (P CA2>CA1>CT. Maize grain yield was thus highest in CA3 fields, NRII (3.6 t ha-1) and lowest in CT fields, NR III (0.51 t ha-1). The findings suggest that prolonged use of CA generally leads to improved maize yields over time and this increase was attributed to increased SOC. OC increases over time were attributed to crop residue retention, reduced soil disturbance and continued replenishment through addition of organic amendments.


This work aimed to evaluate the dynamics of agro-economic efficiency in combinations of vegetable cowpea and radish cultivars in strip-intercropping systems through agronomic, economic and competition indices tested by the Hsu test in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a completely randomised block with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of four cowpea cultivars, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, and BRS Itaim, with two radish cultivars, Crimson Gigante and Zapp. In each block, individual plots of these cultivars in single cultivation were planted as additional treatments to obtain the system indices. The indices of agronomic and economic efficiency and of competition evaluated were land equivalent ratio (LER), actual yield loss (AYL), land use efficiency (LUE%), score of the canonical variable (Z), gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR), corrected monetary advantage (CMA), competitive ratio (CR) and the aggressivity of radish over cowpea (Ar) and cowpea over radish (Avc). The cowpea cultivar BRS Tumucumaque, when combined with the radish cultivar Zapp, provided the highest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system in a semi-arid environment. The complementarity and sustainability of the intercropping systems of cowpea and radish were observed in the results of the Hsu test applied to the indices of agro-economic efficiency and of competition. Radish was the dominant crop.


A number of new fluorescence compounds suitable as efficient laser dyes for the red spectral region have been synthesized and investigated. The new dyes are distinguished by good solubility in common organic solvents and high photostability. The laser effect of the dyes has been studied by the second harmonic of YAG:Nd3+ laser ((lambda) equals 532 nm) as a pump source. Some of the prepared DCM derivatives and pyridine analogues are efficient laser dyes. Two compounds from a new class of phenalemines possessing good photostability and excellent laser characteristics for the 600-690 nm spectral region are reported for the first time.


Objective This paper mainly analyzes the effect of time nursing on the nursing quality and quality of life of elderly patients. Methods 74 cases of elderly patients admitted in our hospital from February, 2012 to September, 2012 were selected as the general nursing samples and randomly divided into the observation group of 37 cases treated with time nursing mode, and the control group of 37 cases treated with the conventional nursing and health education method. The indexes such as hospitalization time after admission, health, patient satisfaction and quality of life of two groups of elderly patients were evaluated. Results The difference in hospitalization time between the two groups of elderly patients was statistically significant(P0.05), the hospitalization time of the observation group was(34.2±8.6) d, and that of the control group was(41.3±6.4)d; the difference in nursing satisfaction score between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05), the nursing satisfaction score of the observation group was(94.6±3.2), and that of the control group was(87.6±7.3); the difference in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) score after treatment between the groups was statistically significant(P0.05), the ADL score of the observation group was(93±3) points, and that of the control group was(87 ±6) points. Conclusion Time nursing method has significant effect on improving the nursing quality and quality of life of elderly patients and shortening the hospitalization time, which could be promoted in clinical practice.


Abstract Zr-mediated equilibrating cyclocarbonylation of a designed triene led with high diastereocontrol to the ABC 6-6-5 tricyclic core of ritterazine N. The 5-5 EF spiroketal side chain of ritterazine N was prepared by equilibrating cyclization of an acyclic keto diol. The two components were coupled, and the D ring was assembled by intramolecular aldol condensation.


Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is an unusual type of ichthyosis. This inherited keratinization disorder is characterized clinically by erythema, blistering, and peeling shortly after birth. It may resolve and be replaced with thick scaling. It can lead to life‐threatening complications, such as sepsis. Histologically, there is a hyperkeratosis and vacuolar degeneration. Genetically, this is an autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance; however, 50% are spontaneous mutations. The clinical phenotype is a result of alterations in the gene(s) for keratin 1 and/or 10. We review this disorder and its therapy, which is mainly symptomatic with emollients and retinoids.


The provision of housing, particularly for low inco me persons, is seriously inadequate in most developing countries and the main reasons for this imbalance of shelter delivery are in most cases beyond the control of the individuals affecte d. The housing crisis in Zimbabwe is no exception, where the people on the bottom of the in come scale are faced with escalating troubles as a result of wrong housing strategies an d policies. All policies, strategies and efforts aimed to alleviate the housing crisis in Zi mbabwe are based on the number of house units to be built for equal number of home seekers. But this approach of demand and supply of housing units in the aim of solving low cost hou sing crisis in Zimbabwe has failed. Misconception of meaning and understanding of 'Hous ing' and 'House', misconception and government policy of squatter settlement, inappropr iate contextual factors, choice of inappropriate building materials and construction t echniques, user participation, obsolescence and overcrowding, and inappropriate Building Standa rd nd By Laws are some of the forgotten dimensions of low cost housing in Zimbabw e. This paper identifies these forgotten dimensions of the housing crisis and analyses the s olution addressing these issues.


Various theories of quantum gravity argue that near the Planck scale, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle should be replaced by the so called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). We show that ...