the onset of COVID-19 and further challenges to both multilateralism and liberal democracy. Moreover, Cunliffe's argument both about how contemporary liberalism faltered—through a turbo-charged version of globalization that bred both inequality and social dislocation—and about why the populism and backlash that ensued should have been foreseen, is not necessarily a novel one. But where Cunliffe finds his stride, and ongoing relevance, is in his insistence that populism is also a critique of the liberal international order and thus must be understood as part of a broader reflection on whether and how international order can change. Cunliffe's core frustration is that contemporary IR theory, despite the benefit of decades, cannot seem to assist in this task of reflection. Instead, prominent scholars respond to events like the Brexit vote or the election of Donald Trump in a manner similar to that of the interwar liberals: "seeking refuge" in condemning the reality "that fails to fit their preconceived standards" (Carr aficionados will appreciate this riff off one of the most famous lines of the original Twenty Years Crisis). "Having imagined ourselves so much wiser" than the "delusional utopians" of Carr's time, Cunliffe writes, many in the discipline still cling to utopian liberal forms that are ill-equipped for a "new order of fraught global trade and geopolitical competition" (9). Ultimately, as Cunliffe admits, The New Twenty Years' Crisis is more like a pamphlet or clarion call than a scholarly work of IR theorizing (for the latter, see Cunliffe's own 2020 book on liberal cosmopolitanism). Though he reminds us that Carr became "over-impressed" by the challengers to liberalism like Soviet totalitarianism (11), and that we should therefore not exaggerate the strength and longevity of either Xi's China or populist parties, there is very little in the book about the positive transformations brought by liberal democracy or the European Union that might contribute to their staying power. This imbalance is a relatively small price to pay for a chance to witness how one modern-day student of Carr draws on the first twenty years crisis to help us find a way out of the second.


This study explored student responsiveness to using social web technologies as a tool for fostering dialogues across university boundaries. Focused on the theme "Learning Without Borders," this study explored student responsiveness to using a video discussion tool (Flipgrid) to facilitate an inter-cohort collaboration between classes from two universities. The results highlight students' appreciation towards practicing "Learning Without Borders" rather than simply reading about it. Also, students' reflections on the experience raises their awareness about learning as occurring in one centralized location versus a distributed phenomenon mediated by social technologies. The authors argue for a new direction in online classes, one that moves the conversation from siloed, limited engagement to supporting a paradigm of Learning Without Borders.


This article has been removed as it contained some identifiable material for which the necessary consents had not been obtained. Article title: Demanding Their Rights? Collective Identity and the Tactics of Older Persons' Organisations at the UN Authors: Annie Herro Journal: Global Society Citation information: Volume 34, Number 4, pp. 447–466 Version of Record Published Online: 20 March 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2020.1739633


In this study, I look at earnings responses coefficients (ERCs) of the firms investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for having issued false or misleading financial reports. The SEC enforcement action is expected to negatively affect investors' perception of a company's financial reporting process. That is, an SEC enforcement action has the potential to affect the stock market's response to earnings information by signaling to the market that earnings reported by the firm are noisier (less precise) than previously assumed. The lower the earnings precision is, the less investors learn about the firm's operating results and the lower the stock price reaction to reported earnings will be. Specifically, I investigate whether firms experience lower ERCs after they are cited in the AAERs issued between 1999 and 2006. The results indicate that (i) the ERCs of sample firms included in the AAERs are lower than those of sample firms not included in the AAERs, and (ii) for sample firms included in the AAERs, the ERCs for the post-AAER periods are lower than the ERCs of the same firms for the pre-AAER periods.


In the present article, we describe the use of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) for the preparation of an effective water-based carbon dot ink (CD-ink) for gravure printing. Carbon dots were prepared hydrothermally from citrate and triethylenetetramine, and mixed properly with certain resins that are used in gravure inks. The as-produced CD gravure ink was used successfully for printing high quality fluorescent images.


The paper discusses on the created process and method,self-improvement and continuous impro-vement ideas of the establishment of quality management system.


Context– Investigation of condition monitoring of the Radial Drilling Machine is vital for to increase productivity and promoting automation in metal cutting process. Purpose – Purpose of this paper is to present a research proposal on Investigation of condition monitoring of the Radial Drilling Machine like different ranges of cutting speed, feed-rate and drill diameter of typical manufacturing processes. Design/methodology/approach-The research proposal includes the methodology of Literature Survey, Problem Definition, Hypothesis statements, Data Collection plan, Plan for Various test Analysis, Hypothesis Tests, Experiments planned, Research Plan, Technical Feasibility check and Economic Viability check, Plan for use of record data and validation. Findings – The paper presents a complete proposal for the research undertaken on Investigation of condition monitoring of the Radial Drilling Machine cutting speed, feed-rate and tool wear of the Radial Drilling Machine in typical manufacturing for Mechanical component application. Conclusion-This Rearch will provide vital information on investigation of an effective means for drill wear monitoring. The results have also justified the need of using one of the most advance methods in signal processing technique, vibration signal analysis. Limitation –This research is applicable to specially in drilling machine operation in mechanical and automotive industry, but there are some limitation about accuracy and surface finish in component design and development. Impact of Industry – Mechanical industries like will receive the vital information and guidelines for selection of drilling machine for their design of machine elements which will further improve drilling process by reducing the defects. Originality/value – This paper will put forward the new direction to use of radial drilling machine for manufacturing of the various mechanical components with improved process quality. Index Terms – Radial Drilling Machine, condition monitoring, fft analyzer.


DERRICOTTE: Yes. Yes. It's true. There is a quote that I remember from Matisse, that the job of the artist is to turn himself inside out before he dies. All the way from childhood, it was my experience that there were certain subjects that you just didn't talk about; that .. . that . .. somehow you handled your feelings about these things internally in your own private way. And a lot of the writing I did as a young person had to do with this-I started writing when I was ten or eleven years old-and I think that my journals, my diaries, my poems were ways that I addressed the things that I couldn't talk about in my everyday relationships. My parents were in the process of divorcing; my grandmother on whom I was very dependent died. My feelingsespecially of grief, anger, and fear-were as real as, maybe more real than, my relationships. I felt that I had to give some kind of shape to them; that unless I could put my feelings into a shape and find a space for them, that somehow I couldn't . . . I don't know, it was almost like I couldn't continue to live. I didn't show these journals to anybody, because I knew there were things in them that most people didn't want to hear. . . I mean. . . when I was very young I was writing about death. My grandparents owned a funeral home; they lived on top, and often when I stayed overnight, there'd be bodies downstairs. I was three, four, five years old and my grandparents were as casual as if they had owned a grocery store. I'd answer the phone if they were busy, and show visitors in. I was in Catholic school and there was an abundance of images of death and punishment everywhere -the crucifixion, saints, martyrs, in the Old Testament stories and the prayers of the Mass. Often I'd pray over the bodies. It terrified me that they didn't move, that I could touch them and their hands would be so hard. Especially I was disturbed when young people died, children, babies. Years later I asked my mother why she let me go downstairs alone and she said she thought I wasn't afraid and she didn't want to scare me. As I said, there were so many things


Metal plastic forming theory is a important special basis course of material forming and control en-gineering.The course,is rich in content and knowledge,which has strong theoretical and practical characteris-tics.In order to enhance the students' practice ability,the learning interest,self-educated ability and inno-vation spirit,we make some exploration of metal plastic forming theory course on teaching content,teaching method,web-based instruction and assessment methods.


Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of tallow supplementation on the true metabolizable energy (TME) and nutrient utilization of some feed ingredients by laying hens. The feedstuffs used in this study were wheat bran, dehydrated alfalfa meal, oats and rolled barley. Each feedstuff was supplemented with four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 percent) of tallow. Tallow supplementation significantly (P <.05) improved total fat and mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acid retentions in all feedstuffs. Whereas, protein retentions were only improved in wheat bran and dehydrated alfalfa meal. The true availability of lysine was significantly (P <.05) improved in all carriers. Furthermore, tallow addition improved TME values of all carriers. The TME value of tallow differed between feedstuffs; wheat bran and oat carriers permitted greater TME values than dehydrated alfalfa meal and rolled barley (13.97, 13.99, 11.04, and 11.02 Kcal/g, respectively). TME values of tallow were in excess of their gross energies (GE) with all carriers due, presumably, to improvements in protein, starch or fat utilization.


Single-cell sequencing methods have allowed for a closer view into the heterogeneity of cell populations, down to the level of the individual cell. In particular, single-cell transcriptomic data provides a detailed map of the diverse gene expression profiles present throughout a sample. These new methods have shown promise in many fields, especially the field of cancer genomics. However, despite the technological advances, many computational challenges remain. In Chapter 1, we provide an overview of single-cell technological and computational methods through the perspective of cancer genomics. Cancer is a notoriously heterogeneous disease whose characteristics can differ greatly from person to person and cell to cell, making treatment a very challenging proposition. Single-cell methods allow us to dissect within-tumor heterogeneity, opening up the possibility of developing individualized therapies that target specific cancer cell subpopulations within a patient. We next address two current challenges associated with the analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data. The first challenge is the difficulty of detecting rare cell populations. Current clustering methods either only detect prevalent cell types,


It is important to calculate the proper sample size for a thorough QTc study to ensure adequate study power without enrolling unnecessary subjects. In current practice, at least two tasks need to be performed to rule out clinically relevant QT liability of the study drug: (a) demonstrate that the largest 90% two-sided upper confidence bound for the baseline-adjusted mean differences between the study drug and the placebo is less than 10 ms; and (b) establish assay sensitivity of the study. Traditionally, the sample size is determined by the primary task (a), and then subjects are equally assigned into each treatment arm. This practice might not be the most appropriate method. In this article, an optimal sample size allocation scheme is introduced and discussed.


Ganga Sahay Meena Dairy Technology Division I.C.A.R. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India-132 001 Fax No: 91-184-2250042, Telephone Number: +91-184-2259485 Email: email@example.com Abstract: Different conditions viz. additional carbon and nitrogen content, temperature and pH of growth medium as well as inoculum size and age of Lactobacillus casei culture were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the growth of L. casei. Kinetic growth models were fitted for the cultivations using a Box-Benkhan design (BBD) for different independent variables. This unique concept of combining the optimization and modeling resulted in different optimal conditions for L. casei growth rather than its one variable at-a-time (OVAT) optimization study. Through this statistical tools, the product yield (cell mass) of the L. casei was increased. Developed polynomial models have coefficients of determination (R) values as 0.976 and 0.990 for L. casei growth and reduction in pH of MRS broth, respectively. The optimum conditions for the maximum L. casei growth were at temperature 34.20C, pH 6.99, inoculum volume 1.89 mL, inoculum age 12 h, carbon content 0.30% (w/v), and nitrogen content 0.14% (w/v). Optimization of different independent variables resulted in 68×10 CFU/ml, increase in the counts of L. casei compared to control media. Results demonstrated that RSM is better than OVAT method for the optimization of studied independent variables to maximize the growth of L. casei.


An analysis of a nonlinear MEMs gyroscope operating under parametric resonance is presented. Drive frequency and rotation rate responses are presented, and it is shown that this gyroscope is robust under frequency mistuning. Solution structures are developed from a simplified system and limiting behavior is considered for the complete system. Numerical examples are presented in support of the analytical results. The findings support preliminary experimental results.


Objective:To find out the clinical features of dynamic blood pressure in aged hypertension patients with coronary heart disease by 24-hour dynamic blood pressure monitoring.Methods:The 24-hour dynamic blood pressure monitoring in 105 cases of pure hypertension and 72 cases of hypertension with coronary heart disease was performed respectively.Results:The disappearance of day-night blood pressure rhythm was 75% in pure hypertersion group and 86% in hypertension with coronary heart disease group(P0.05).88% of the patients in hypertension with coronary heart disease group had morning blood pressure peak and that was 70% in pure hypertension group(P0.05).Conclusion:The variability of dynamic blood pressure is closely correlated with the occurrence of hypertension with coronary heart disease.The increase of morning blood pressure peak and disappearance of day-night blood pressure rhythm in hypertension with coronary heart disease are obvious. [


Graphology assists in interpreting a person's character and identity attributes by analysing the handwriting. Graphology is the investigation of the sensible state of mind at the time of writing. These thoughtfully give understanding into the morality, hidden talents and enthusiastic conditions of the writer or artist. The handwriting is exceptional. Composing is a physical procedure. The cerebrum state is reflected in the handwriting, as the signals moves to fingers, where together they control the handwriting. Graphology can be utilized to analyse the characteristic features of an individual. The various approaches used in personality analysis using graphology are discussed in this paper.


Abstract A logit model of public opposition to solid-waste facility siting is constructed. Data are collected from in-person surveys regarding attitudes toward four different types of facilities—waste-to-energy plants, recycling centers, transfer station and ash landfills. The model quantifies the inverse relationship between distance and opposition to siting, a finding that would be expected under a self-interest model of attitudes. However, the data also indicate a significant percentage of respondents who oppose siting over the range of distances studied, up to 50 miles. Furthermore, our data indicate the effect of such variables as perception of need and distributional equity on siting attitudes. Attitude toward need is found to have as great an effect as distance on siting preferences for waste-to-energy plants. This result suggests siting policy should include an understanding of factors leading to the formation of perception of need rather than focusing strictly on compensation and risk mitigation as policy instruments.


Before and after a light wall(light steel keel type wall) and a heavy wall(240 mm brick wall) mounted with different numbers of junction boxes,laboratory tests on airborne sound insulation performance of the walls are carried out.The test results are analyzed,and the influence factors and methods of treatment are established.


The synchronous circulation of cash flow and information flow is the core problem to be solved between the People's Bank of China's Clearing Center and commercial banks or among commercial banks themselves, which extends the problems of the traceability of the RMB serial number and the tracking of counterfeit money. By introducing the blockchain technology, this paper are designing a cash flow system based on the League chain among the People's Bank and commercial banks by using the characteristics of its decentration, non tampering, the privacy-preserving mechanism and other characteristics. It aims to enhance the efficiency of cross-bank cash transfer, reduce unnecessary costs in the process of cash clearing, and solve the problem of the circulation of information on the serial number.


This paper presents different types of bipolar Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies for the chosen Cascaded MultiLevel Inverter (CMLI). The main purpose of MLI is to use power semiconductor devices of lower voltage ratings to realize high voltage levels at inverter output. Due to their ability to obtain refined output voltage waveforms, reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and reduced EMI problems by reducing the switching dv/dt. In this paper, a three phase CMLI is controlled with Sinusoidal PWM strategy with Phase Disposition PWM (PDPWM), Phase Opposition and Disposition PWM (PODPWM), Alternative Phase Opposition and Disposition PWM (APODPWM), Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM) and hybrid modulation strategy and the variation of THD in their outputs are observed by varying the modulation index. Simulations are performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK. It is observed that APODPWM and PSPWM provide output with relatively low distortion. It is also seen that PS, APOD and hybrid PWM are found to perform better since they provide relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage. From hardware results it is seen that POD PWM provides output with relatively low distortion. It is also observed that PSPWM is found to perform better since it provide relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage.


In the given article the questions of the Soviet criminal law development in the late fifties – the beginning of the 60th years of the last century are considered. The author carries out the analysis of the RSFSR and other federal republics criminal legislation, paying attention to legislative constructions of the categories connected with a crime and punishment. The conclusion is drawn that some criminal legal standards of that time legislation limited the human and citizen rights and freedoms.


How frequent is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection in both partners of infertile couples referring to our ART center and whats its impact?

 Only 6% of infertile couples are positive for HPV and infection has no impact on embryologic parameters.

 There is limited and conflicting evidence about the relationship between HPV infection in male partners and infertility. Notably, most of the previous studies did not assess the presence of the infection in both partners in the context of ART. Furthermore, even if considered, the influence of the infection of the female partner may be underestimated because only data on adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Elucidating the HPV-positive status of the two individuals belonging to the couple could open up new scenarios.

 This prospective cohort study was performed on 81 couples. The analysis was conducted on semen samples of male patients and on cervical samples of female partners who underwent assisted reproduction techniques (ART) treatment at the infertility unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan from February 2022 to November 2022.

 The female partecipants were recruited before the beginning of the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) while male participants were recruited on the day of the female ovum pick-up (OPU). The technique used to assess the presence of the HPV virus was the Real Time PCR (RT-PCR). Personal characteristics, lifestyle habits and sexual habits were investigated as possible favoring elements for the insurgence of HPV infection.

 Among 81 couples recruited, 12 men and 22 women tested positive for high- and low risk HPV viruses. This streins corrisponds to a prevalence of about 15% (95% CI: 9-24%) for males and 27% (95% CI: 19-38%) for females. Among these positive couples, only 5 cases (6%, 95% CI: 3-14%) simultaneously tested positive for both partners: in two pairs they were positive for the same viral strains, in two other pairs there was no concordance between the viral strains found, and in one pair there was only a partial concordance. McNemar's test (a dichotomous evaluation test for data paired aimed at assessing possible associations) was not significant. No differences in embryo developmental failure, "top-quality" embryo formation and "top-quality" blastocyst formation were found between the two groups (positive vs negative couples).

 A possible limitation of the study is the small sample size. Additionally we mainly focused on the impact of infection by HPV on embryological variables, without considering developmental pregnancies and live birth rate.

 The very low concordance observed suggests that infection follows intricate pathways, far beyond the trivial view of a ping-pong effect between partners of the couple. These results suggest that HPV infection probably develops independently in the two individuals of the couple, as if there is not a mutual influence.

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Objective To study the reliability of the function of ADVIA120 automatic hematology analyzer on abnormal shape of cells. Methods 160 samples with abnormal parameter hinted by the analyzer and 112 samples without hinted abnormal parameter were tested comparative with microscopic examination of blood smears after Wright's staining. Results True positive rate: immature granulocyte(IG),hemoglobin concentration variation(HC-VAR),microcyte(MICRO),left shift(LS),macrocyte(MACRO),hypochromic erythrocyte(HYPO),large platelet(LPLT),blasts,anisocytosis(ANISO) 86.7%-100.0%,hyperchromic erythrocyte(HYPER) 69.2%,nucleated red blood cell(NRBC),atypical lymphocyte(ATYP),platelet clumps(PLTCLM)(13.3%)-32.3%.All the parameters above had a true negative rate of 82.8%-100.0%(mean of 95.0%). Conclusions The analyzer has a high true negative rate towards alarming parameter and has a strong screening power.The abnormal alarming message on NRBC,ATYP,PLTCLM produced by this analyzer is not accurate ideally,but the abnormal alarming message of other parameters is reliable to a great extent,therefore the samples with the outcome hinted abnormal should be compared with microscopic observation to find the diagnosis.


Evaluating the effectiveness of government programs is an important topic for economic developers. One popular example is the U.S. Economic Development Administration's (EDA) Public Works Program, initially established in 1965. Haughwout (1999) found a significant positive impact of EDA public works projects completed in 1990 on county-level employment over the period 1990 to 1994. The authors reexamine whether this effect continues to hold 20 years later by replicating Haughwout's specification using data from 2010 to 2014. The results are consistent with those originally reported by Haughwout. The authors then extend the analysis by incorporating a spatial econometric approach to examine the existence of potential spillover effects. The results indicate that EDA investments have a significant positive effect on both targeted and neighboring counties' employment. The findings suggest that public infrastructure investments can be important tools for economic development by positively influencing employment in both the recipient county and neighboring counties.


The utility model discloses light guide equipment and device for transmitting light to a culture solution. The light guide equipment is used for enabling the light to enter the adjacent growth culture solution through a nonopaque dielectric column. The light guide equipment comprises a partitioning structure which partitions a medium with the solution and is nonopaque so as to extract the light. Moreover, the partitioning structure can be adjusted for containing a material which is less than the medium in refractive index, thereby enabling the incident light to enter the partitioning structure for providing total reflection at an angle greater than a critical angle, and leading the light to pass through the equipment.


A sediment transport modeling study was made to determine stream channel scour at the proposed Rancho Santa
Fe Road Bridge on San Marcos Creek in Carlsbad, California. The study was made to determine the required depth of bridge
piers to prevent undermining due to channel bed scour. San Marcos Creek at the bridge crossing is located downstream of
Lake San Marcos. Since the lake detains nearly all the sediment transported in the stream, the channel bed at Rancho Santa
Fe Road is susceptible to scour in the future. To determine the general scour, it is necessary to consider the flood hydrograph,
channel geometry, and sediment delivery in the stream channel. The FLUVIAL–12 model was employed to simulate spatial
and temporal variations in water–surface elevation, sediment transport, and channel geometry. Scour and fill of the stream
bed are coupled with width variation in the prediction of stream channel changes. Computations are based on finite difference
approximations to energy and mass conservation that are representative of open channel flow. General scour at the bridge
pier was estimated to be 2.6 m (8.5 ft) following an assumed flood series, with the maximum total scour (general scour plus
local scour) at the bridge pier of 3. 8 m (12.5 ft) occurring at the peak flood.


TPS4151 Background: Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers (GC, GEJC) are the fifth most common cancer types and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally (Globocan 2020). Standard of care for resectable GC/GEJC includes neoadjuvant-adjuvant FLOT chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + oxaliplatin + docetaxel) combined with surgery and lymph node dissection for some regions of the world. While treatment advances have improved survival, the 5-year recurrence rate remains high and 5-year overall survival (OS) is poor for patients with resectable disease. Evidence suggests cytotoxic chemotherapy can promote antitumor immunity, thus the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as durvalumab (an anti–PD-L1 antibody), with cytotoxic chemotherapy may result in increased efficacy (Yu et al. Cancer Lett. 2019; Li et al. Mol Cancer. 2021). MATTERHORN (NCT04592913) is a phase 3, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant-adjuvant durvalumab or placebo with FLOT followed by adjuvant durvalumab or placebo in patients with resectable GC/GEJC. Methods: Approximately 900 adult patients will be randomized 1:1 to Arm A or Arm B for 2 neoadjuvant and 2 adjuvant cycles (single cycle defined as durvalumab or placebo every 4 weeks [Q4W] + FLOT [Q2W × 2]); followed by durvalumab or placebo Q4W for 10 cycles. Eligible patients must have histologically confirmed, resectable, stage II or higher GC or GEJC not treated with anticancer therapy, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. Complete surgical resection of the primary tumor must be achievable. A tumor tissue sample will be taken at screening or <3 months prior to enrollment. Key exclusion criteria are any prior immune-mediated therapy, peritoneal dissemination or distant metastasis, (adeno)squamous cell carcinoma, or gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The primary endpoint is event-free survival (EFS) assessed by blinded independent central radiology review (BICR) and/or local pathology testing. Secondary endpoints include OS and pathological complete response rate (pCR). Safety and tolerability will be evaluated by adverse events, vital signs, laboratory parameters, and electrocardiogram. Enrollment is ongoing. Funding: AstraZeneca. Clinical trial information: NCT04592913.


Ichthyosis is the term used to describe continual and widespread scaling of the skin. There are several genetic types which are present from birth and persist life‐long – the "congenital ichthyoses". There is no agreed treatment ‐ different doctors use different approaches, so this group of experts from all over Europe worked together to develop guidelines. They reviewed the medical literature and met to discuss the evidence and to make recommendations. A separate paper (Part 1) covered treatments for the skin condition itself. This paper, Part 2, provides guidelines for managing complications of the congenital ichthyoses. Itch, pain and infections are common, particularly fungal infection, and cancers sometimes occur. Tight skin often prevents eyelids from shutting properly so the eye surface must be protected with lubricant; eyelid massage may help and retinoid medicine may soften tight skin but can dry the eyes further. Surgical options include injecting filler or grafting extra skin to the eyelid: if the patient's own ichthyotic skin is used the problem eventually recurs and mucous membrane from inside the mouth is a promising alternative. Hearing is commonly affected: blockage of ears by a build‐up of skin may be prevented by regular oil drops but syringing or suction may be necessary. In children, growth may be affected and vitamin D supplements are usually recommended. There are special considerations for newborn babies and those with complex ichthyotic disorders such as Netherton Syndrome, epidermolytic ichthyosis and Ichthyosis Prematurity Syndrome. These treatment guidelines should help to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with congenital ichthyoses.


While pushing forward the boundaries of human understanding of the fundamental structure of the Universe, scientists and engineers at CERN also contributed to innovation above and beyond their immediate scientific mission by developing White Rabbit (WR): an open scientific hardware that mitigates the problem of time delays in CERN's geographically distributed network. In a context of basic research and a deliberate decision to openly share the R&D process with no IP restrictions, WR is now commercialized in a diverse range of sectors beyond the scientific industry. We follow the emergence, development, and exploitation of WR to a) identify the antecedents in which capital-intensive open source hardware differ from open source software, b) to capture the mechanisms employed by CERN to stimulate firms' R&D revelation and WR collaborative development, and c) to investigate the business model configurations that companies adopted in the commercial evolution of WR.


This paper proposes a new speech feature representation that improves the intelligibility assessment of dysarthric speech. The formulation of the feature set is motivated from the human auditory perception and high time-frequency resolution property of single frequency filtering (SFF) technique. The proposed features are named as perceptually enhanced single frequency cepstral coefficients (PE-SFCC). As a part of SFF technique implementation, speech signal passed through a single pole complex bandpass filter bank to obtain high-resolution time-frequency distribution. Then, the distribution is enhanced by using a set of auditory perceptual operators. Lastly, traditional homomorphic analysis has been carried out on the resulting signal to obtain PE-SFCC feature vector. The performance of proposed features in dysarthric speech detection and its intelligibility assessment has been reported on UASPEECH database. The PE-SFCC features outperformed the state-of-the-art features in dysarthric speech detection and intelligibility assessment.


In Chapters 3 and 4 we described the sea change under way in the golf industry in the post-war years. By the mid-1960s, golf 's landscapes had changed in a literal sense: thanks to a combination of powerful synthetic pesticides and powerful terrain-altering machinery, golf was making good on the modernist impulses held by its key spokespeople since it moved across the Atlantic. Yet the social and cultural landscapes surrounding golf were changing as well. On the one hand, television helped disseminate an arguably exaggerated version of what a golf course should look like – creating an aesthetic standard that was (and is) difficult to maintain across the industry as a whole. On the other hand, pesticide critics were assailing the widespread use of chemicals like DDT. In the eyes of some golf industry representatives, this latter development was tantamount to a 'crusade' against the cause of reason; it threatened humankind's Promethean right to manipulate the Earth. As we discuss in full later in the book, concerns about this 'threat' were not unfounded. For example, the early 1970s saw the formation of the EPA in the United States and a ban on the chemical DDT. But our review of industry trade publications also gives reason to believe that golf industry members themselves were coming to see established practices as decidedly irresponsible. This was the view of agronomist Albert Neuberger, who in 1967 lamented in the Green Section that superintendents were 'plastering' their golf courses with pesticides. It is likewise the synopsis of some present-day representatives of the golf industry who admit that their forbears too easily took to chemicals like chlordane and DDT. To turn towards 'responsible golf ' is to position golf industry representatives as conscientious stewards of the Earth. Or, said another way, it is to adopt a 'light-green' sensibility. Our contention in this chapter is that the golf industry, facing an emboldened environmental movement, transitioned from a (mainly) Promethean position to a (mainly) ecological modernist one – what we term 'responsible golf ' – beginning in the late 1970s. The main mechanism by which ecological modernization (EM) was achieved was the adoption of evermore


For some applications (e.g.: mixers, oscillators), the 1/f noise upconversion limits the microwave performances of all kinds of HEMTs. That is why the origin of 1/f noise in HEMTs is highly needed. Previously it has been suggested that the channel is the main 1/f noise source at low drain bias. Recent experiments performed on different HEMT's structures indicated the InAlAs spacer and buffer as sources of 1/f noise. Some of these experiments also pointed to heterointerfaces as sources of 1/f noise. All these experiments quite clearly established the topology of the 1/f noise sources. A step further would be to answer which microscopic mechanism is responsible for the 1/f noise generation in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The purpose of this work is to identify lattice scattering as the microscopic source of 1/f noise in InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs.


Coconut palm belongs to the family of arecaceae and is essentially found throughout the tropic area as high humidity, abundant sunlight, regular rainfall and sandy soil favors it growth. Coconut crop is less susceptible to abnormal climatic conditions in comparison to other oil crops. Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea and Malaysia are the major coconut producing countries. In India cultivation of coconut is spread over the coastal belt and in some interior areas of the southern states.


The potency of tithe (locally called as zakat) recently is not optimally developed an professionaly managed. Ineffectiveness of operational of tithe collecting agency related to the aspects of administration, distributing, monitoring or in evaluating the tithe has become the factor of this condition. In other word, it can be assumed that the organizational system and management  of tithe is still classical, consumptive and lacking of significant social impact. Bassed on that assumption, the role of government is demmed essential in coping with the issue. Through the tithe collecting agency either in local or in national level, it is espected the management of tithe collection can be optimally down. Meanwhile, Baznas in Banjarmasin City is the object of this reseach in which, according to the writer, this institution has played its rule quite well in the attempt of realizing the laws about the management of tithe (zakat) both in collecting, distributing, and using the tithe and in the attempt of developing the people economic through the prorams of Revolving Loan Fund given by Baznas of Banjarmasin City that can influence the development of the Mustahiq economic trough it recently is not fulfilled maximally.


The kinetics of the hydrogenation of magnesium composites with graphene-like material (GLM) on which nickel particles are deposited (Ni/GLM) and dehydrogenation of MgH2+Ni/GLM composites is studied. The mechanism of the reactions is revealed using the obtained results and the mathematical processing of curves with the Avrami–Erofeev equation. It is found that Ni/GLM considerably accelerates the hydrogenation of Mg and the decomposition of MgH2 in the composite. The hydrogen-accumulating Mg+Ni/GLM composite is shown to have cyclic stability with rapid and virtually complete reversible hydrogenation.


Storm surge is a major natural hazard to the construction and operation of infrastructure projects in shallow and gently sloping coastal areas such as the northeastern part of the Caspian Sea. Up-surge events cause significant coastal flooding, while down-surge events disrupt marine transportation by constraining safe navigable water depths. Coastal developments therefore have to achieve a judicious balance of these conflicting constraints. Further, the unpredictability of long-term and intra-annual Mean Sea Level (MSL) variability as well as periodic freeze-up and break-up due to ice formation in this part of the Caspian Sea complicate a robust and unequivocal basis for defining storm surge hazards.


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C4H12N22+·C2O42−·H2O, contains one water molecule, one anion and two half-cations, both cations having chair conformations. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra- and intermolecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, linking the molecules into a three-dimensional framework, which results in the formation of a supramolecular structure based on a hydrogen-bonded network.


The landscape architecture is a composite art creation, and all aspects and links of the process inseparable. The landscape elements are often in much diversified forms, and the space effect of the project can not be fully expressed in the design drawing. The closer cooperation of design and construction for on-site deepening and adjusting of the design can help accomplish in the arts to create a high-quality living environment. Therefore, the implementation of design, construction and procurement tied bidding for some landscape projects is very important. With reference to the international trend of general project contract, on the basis of current situation of landscape project contracting, landscape design and material supply in China, and with successful cases, the prospect of general contracting of landscape projects in China and the industry innovation are revealed.


Objective: To investigate the feasibility of serial 4D flow MRI for the in-vivo monitoring of 3D intracranial hemodynamic alterations in pediatric patients with rare vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM) treated by staged embolization. Methods: Serial 4D flow MRI data were acquired in 4 VGAM patients (1±1 years; 13 scans) and 10 controls (4±3 years). Time-integrated pathlines were used to visualize intracranial 3D blood flow characteristics and blood flow was quantified in manually positioned 2D planes (Fig. 1a), i.e. internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery (BA), and straight sinus (StrS). Arterial inflow (ICAs+BA) and shunt flow to the StrS were compared between patients and controls. Results: Intracranial blood flow characteristics demonstrated substantially altered flow patterns and increased arterial velocities as illustrated in a VGAM patient at pre-treatment (Fig. 1b) compared to a normal control (Fig. 1a). Considerable hemodynamic alterations and lesion shrinkage were found after embo...


The invention relates to a DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) address distribution method and a DHCP server. At least two address fields to which IP (internet protocol) address is distributed are stored on the DHCP server; the DHCP server extracts Option60 options from request messages sent from a DHCP client, and matches the Option60 options with Option60 options recorded by the DHCP server; if the Option60 is matched with the Option60 options, the IP address of corresponding IP address fields is distributed for the client according to the IP address or IP address fields recorded by corresponding matched Option60 options; and if the Option60 is not matched with the Option60 options, one address field is chosen from the at least two IP address fields, the IP address of the IP address field is distributed for the client, the extracted Option60 options are recorded after the client receives the confirmation message of the IP address, and the IP address or the IP address field to which the IP address belongs distributed for the client are correspondingly recorded.


Bearing chamber is one of important components that support aero-engine rotors and research on oil droplet and oil film motions is an important part of bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer design. Considering the pressure of sealing air is an important operating condition that affects the oil droplet and oil film motions,the effect of sealing air pressure on airflow in bearing chamber is investigated in this paper firstly; and then based on the air velocity and air / wall shear force,the oil droplet moving in core air,deposition of oil droplet impact on wall as well as velocity and thickness of oil film are analyzed secondly; the effect of sealing air pressure on oil droplet velocity and trajectory,deposition mass and momentum,as well as oil film velocity and thickness is discussed. The work presented in this paper is conducive to expose the oil / air two phase lubrication mechanism and has certain reference value to guide design of secondary air / oil system.


Contents: Albee, Foreword. Preface. Part I: Steps Toward a Social Justice Therapeutic Practice. Aldarondo, Rekindling the Reformist Spirit in the Mental Health Professions. Prilleltensky, Dokecki, Frieden, Wang, Counseling for Wellness and Justice: Foundations and Ethical Dilemmas. Gerber, Lessons Learned in the Integration of Social Justice Concerns Into Clinical Practice. Part II: Liberating Visions of Clinical Practice. Roy, Radical Psychiatry: An Approach to Personal and Political Change. Comas-Diaz, Ethnopolitical Psychology: Healing and Transformation. Green, Gay and Lesbian Couples in Therapy: A Social Justice Perspective. Packman, Risk Reduction and the Politics of Social Justice in Mental Health Care. Almeida, DelVecchio, Parker, Social Justice Based Therapy: Critical Consciousness, Accountability, and Empowerment. Kamya, Narrative Therapy, Culture, and Social Justice. Part III: Community Building for Wellness and Justice. Doherty, Carroll, Family-Centered Community Building: The Families and Democracy Project. Rojano, The Practice of Community Family Therapy. Goodman, Bohlig, Weintraub, Green, Walker, Applying Feminist Theory to Community Practice: A Multi-Level Empowerment Intervention for Low-Income Women With Depression. Perilla, Lavizzo, Ibanez, Towards a Community Psychology of Liberation. Kenny, Sparks, Jackson, Striving for Social Justice Through Interprofessional University-School Collaboration. Blustein, Perry, Kenna, DeWine, The Psychology of Working and the Advancement of Social Justice. Ackerson, Korr, Mental Health Policy and Social Justice. Part IV: Teaching and Training for Social Action. Vera, Speight, Prevention, Outreach, and Advocacy Strategies: Integrating Social Action Roles in Professional Training. McWhirter, McWhirter, Towards an Emancipatory-Communitarian Approach to Psychology Training. McWhirter, McWhirter, Grounding Clinical Training and Supervision in an Empowerment Model. Arredondo, Rosen, Applying Principles of Multicultural Competencies, Social Justice, and Leadership in Training and Supervision. Reeser, Educating for Social Change in the Human Service Professions.


The soil physical properties, nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities were studied in Schima superb, Pinus elliottii and Eucalypys urophylla plantations in South China. The results showed that the soil bulk density was in the order of E. urophyllaP. elliottiiS. superba, and the total porosity was in the order of S. superba P. elliottiiE. urophylla, whereas the capillary moisture capacity was in the order of S. superba E. urophyllaP. elliottii in the three plantation types. Soil water holding capacity and aeration were good in S. superba plantation, whereas P. elliottii plantation had a medium aeration and bad water holding capacity, and E. urophylla plantation had medium water holding capacity and bad aeration. The soils of the three plantations were rather strong in acidity, and the contents of soil organic matter, total N, alkalized N and available K of S. superba plantation were greatest among the three plantations. The contents of total P and available P were in the order of E. urophyllaS. superbaP. elliottii, whereas the content of total K was in the order of E. urophyllaP. elliottiiS. superba. The numbers of azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and activities of soil urease, phosphatase and catalase in S. superba plantation were greatest among the three plantations. Overall, soil fertility of S. superba plantation was the highest among the three plantations.


The paper expounds in detail the application of Expert System combined with Artificial Neural Network(ANNES)to the drawing process design of copper tubes.The ANNES takes the ES as a data processing platform,the diameter and wall thickness of the tube shell and finished tube as its input,the drawing passes and the diameter and wall thickness of each pass as its output,and uses the ANN to carry out reasoning and maintenance of the intellectual base.The paper illustrates the practicality of ANNES with examples,in which the difference between calculation results of ANNES and actual results is less than five percent.


As the average life span grows increasingly longer, the need for a closer look at sexuality during the aging process becomes more crucial. In this chapter, Sviland attempts to examine some of the factors that seem to influence sexual activity in the elderly. She also describes a therapy program designed to increase sexual satisfaction for elderly couples. Her section on "Special Considerations Critical to Sex Therapy with the Aged" is particularly valuable.


Peripheral nerve segmentation is difficult because of similar characteristics. In this paper, an interactive segmentation method based on K-Harmonic Means clustering and improved Grab Cut is proposed. Firstly, peripheral nerve images are processed with K-Harmonic Means clustering algorithm, and images are divided into some regions where the pixel characteristics are similar. Then the Gaussian mixture model(GMM) parameters are initialized for every region through K-Harmonic Means clustering. Finally, the parameters are estimated with the iteration method to minimize the energy function and achieve correct segmentation results. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for peripheral nerve segmentation and has achieved good performance.


The paper presents the design of a electric power automatic controlsystem on the basis of analysis of waste of electric power phenomena.Thesystem can effectively overcome the waste of power due to inefficient super-vison and other unpredictable reasons.The paper presents the system com-position,circuit design,working principle and selection of components. The system can effectively restrict the use of large power electric applian-ces and the waste of electric lighting in enterprises,colleges and departments.The system features low cost and is suitable for wide populavization.


Marion Stewart recently examined the theory of the neoclassical firm under factorprice uncertainty in the same spirit as the well-known Leland-Sandmo theory of the firm under demand uncertainty. The main finding of his study is that, in most cases, risk-averse managers when faced with inputprice uncertainty would substitute fixed (riskless) factors of production for the risky factors. The principal methodology used consisted of a direct comparison of the input choices of the firm's manager under both risk neutrality and risk aversion. Stewart's results are important and have many obvious empirical implications, but they contain two serious deficiencies that may lead to errors and confusions. First, the formulation and solution of the multiple input case in the Appendix, as well as the uncertain price case in Section IV are flawed, insofar as the decision rules followed by the firm are suboptimal. Second, the first paragraph of Stewart's study implies that a riskindifferent manager operating in an uncertain environment is not going to be affected by the uncertainty with respect to his output and factor-proportions decisions. This implication is misleading. It is shown in this paper that input price uncertainty combined with risk indifference has a very definite effect upon the input choices of the firm as compared to the certainty case. This effect of uncertainty combined with risk neutrality must be distinguished from that of risk aversion proper because it has direct implications for empirical work. In empirical work at the firm or industry level, input prices are estimated by dividing the observed ex post cost of each input by the observed input use during the reference period. The result is an observed "average" price that, under certain assumptions, corresponds to an unbiased estimate of the expected ex ante input price. If (as it often happens) this observed price is used in the empirical work as if it were known ex ante with certainty, then in general a bias will be introduced even when the manager is risk indifferent. It is shown in this paper that in cases of practical interest this bias may or may not have the same sign as the effect of risk aversion, which means that the total effect of uncertainty upon input choices is very often unpredictable when compared to the predictions of the theory of the firm under certainty if the input and output prices are assumed equal to their mathematical expectations. This weakens somewhat the impact of Stewart's results. The other point made in this note is that in cases of more than one "risky" input, the method followed by Stewart (in his Appendix A) is incorrect, insofar as it leads to suboptimal decisions. Under variable proportions production the firm does not need to choose simultaneously the levels of all inputs. Hence, the risky inputs can be purchased after uncertainty has already been resolved, given the level of the riskless input. The selection of the latter must therefore incorporate the fact that risky inputs have been selected ex post under conditions of certainty. Similar remarks are also true when there is combined uncertainty in input and output prices. I shall consider a hypothetical firm that uses three' inputs, x1, x2, and X3, to produce the final product q, and let rl, r2, r3, and p denote their respective unit prices. Input X3 (plant and equipment) must be chosen prior to the other two, so that at the time X3 iS


We investigate the power properties of a new goodness-nf-fit test proposed by rontz (1980). This new test is compared with the (The squared test and the Kolmogoma Smirnov (K-S) test for normality when the samples come from (i) the family of asymmetric stable distributions, (ii) mixtures of normal distributions, and (iii) the Pearson family. The general conclusion is that the new test performs better than the Chi squared and the K-S test when the parent distribution is heavy-tailed. If the hypothesized distribution differs from the true distribution in location only, the new test does not do as well as the other two.


For integers $r,t\geq2$ and $n\geq1$ let $f_r(t,n)$ be the minimum, over all factorizations of the complete $r$-uniform hypergraph of order $n$ into $t$ factors $H_1,\dots,H_t$, of $\sum_{i=1}^tc(H_i)$ where $c(H_i)$ is the number of maximal cliques in $H_i$. It is known that $f_2(2,n)=n+1$; in fact, if $G$ is a graph of order $n$, then $c(G)+c(\overline G)\geq n+1$ with equality iff $\omega(G)+\alpha(G)=n+1$ where $\omega$ is the clique number and $\alpha$ the independence number. In this paper we investigate $f_r(t,n)$ when $r>2$ or $t>2$. We also characterize graphs $G$ of order $n$ with $c(G)+c(\overline G)=n+2$.


In the physical education, teachers are paying more and more attention to the application of psychology.Different teachers teach the same course under the same circumstances such as the sports fields,the same facilities,etc ,but they produce different teaching effects arise.Among the reasons,the psyche of the teachers is one of the important.By analyzing the teachers' best state of mind in physical education this paper draws out its important effect on physical education. [


This study examined the competence of oocytes from the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugeniio mature in vitro. Oocytes were collected from follicles >1 mm diameter 24 h after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) treatment and incubated in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, at 35°C in 5% CO2 in air for 24, 36, or 48 h. Oocytes were incubated either granulosa cell‐intact or granulosa cell‐free or in the presence of 10 IU ml−1 PMSG or 10 μg ml−1 porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) + 10 μg ml−1 porcine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The ability of oocytes recovered from small (<1.5‐mm‐diameter) and large (≥1.5‐mm‐diameter) follicles to mature in vitro was also examined. The nuclear status of oocytes was assessed using the DNA‐specific dye Hoechst 33342. Initially, all oocytes examined contained a germinal vesicle. After 24 h of culture, 60% of oocytes had progressed to metaphase I or anaphase I. After 36 h, approximately 20% of oocytes possessed metaphase II chromosomes, and 20% of oocytes were at metaphase I or anaphase I. At the completion of the 48 h culture period, 40% of oocytes had completed maturation to the metaphase II stage. In vitro oocyte maturation after 48 h was not affected by the presence of granulosa cells, PMSG, or LH and FSH. More oocytes from large follicles (55%) completed maturation by 48 h than from small follicles (20%). Approximately 50% of oocytes remained at the GV stage at all times under all conditions. Marsupial oocytes thus undergo spontaneous nuclear maturation once removed from the follicular environment, suggesting a basically similar control system to that in placental mammals. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The streptomycin (Sm)-dependent mutants of four Escherichia c o l i strains (known to be catabolite-repression negative) were found to have a 25-35% lower aerobic efficiency (yield of protein from glucose) than the parent wild-type organisms. A non-dependent revertant derived from the Sm-dependent mutant of JE. c o l i B was also lower in efficiency. In contrast, the anaerobic protein yields (although lower than that from aerobic growth) were identical for both types of c e l l s . In both wild-type and mutant strains the glucose-reduced/peroxideoxidized difference spectra of whole cells showed the same content of cytochromes and flavin. However, Sm-dependent strains lacked the 503nm pigment which was present in a l l wild-type strains. These observations suggested that the 503nm pigment (P503) (of previously unknown function) might play a role in energy metabolism. Addition of gluconate to air-oxidized cells produced the P503 peak prior to the appearance of cytochrome and flavin absorption bands. Addition of succinate, glycerol, lactate or acetate produced cytochrome and flavin spectra but not P503. Addition of the amino acid L-methionine to air-oxidized cells e l i c i t e d the P503 band rapidly but the other components of the difference spectrum did not appear unt i l later. No other amino acid tested had this specific effect on P503. When wild-type cells were grown on limiting glucose-salts medium containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (500 juM) , the yield of c e l l protein was decreased and formation of P503 was inhibited. Also, growth under these conditions resulted in derepressed levels of fumarase, aconitase and, unexpectedly, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.


A reflective practicum is a low-pressure, low-risk learning environment. In a reflective practicum a learner is educated in a professional practice and how to use reflection in the setting of that professional practice. An example of a low-pressure and low-risk learning environment is the use of embodied conversational agents (ECAs) in medicine to provide training for interviewing and diagnostic skills. However, such ECA experiences have not been used to teach how to use reflection in the setting of a professional practice. In this paper we present a framework that supports explicit reflective learning for ECA experiences. Using this framework, ECA experiences become a reflective practicum. This framework was applied to an ECA experience called the Neurological Examination Rehearsal Virtual Environment (NERVE), and created a sample experience called the NERVE Reflective Practicum (NERVE-RP). We conducted a user study in which second-year medical students (n = 76) used NERVE-RP and engaged in reflection based on the experience. The results of the user study show that students engage in valuable reflections during the experience including instances of critical reflection.


The available momentum space of a FODO lattice is determined by the maximum value of the dispersion function (δx=Dx ∂p/p). In a regular FODO lattice the dispersion function oscillates between its maximum and minimum values, which are always positive. The maximum value of the dispersion function in a FODO cell of a fixed length depends on the cell phase difference. An example of a new lattice, in which the dispersion function is lowered to half its value in the same FODO cell, is presented. The available momentum space in the new lattice is raised to twice that in the FODO lattice by allowing the dispersion function to oscillate between the same positive and negative values. The maxima of the dispersion function in the new lattice have half the value of those within the regular 90° cells.


Using a theoretical-critical and historical approach, this paper analyses the implications of the Cold War in national curricula and educational reforms of the second half of the 20th century with emphasis on the 21st century. The context of the time after the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War is shown, as well as the social and political changes that are significant for education and were prompted by the wars. The emergence of the international Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (whose focus is not educational but economic) and the role of behavioural psychology were also analysed, which explained their significance in later educational reforms. The role of the Cold War in reducing socio-humanistic teaching contents and the implementation of natural sciences and mathematics has also been explained. The synthesis of the analysed aspects suggests that the Cold War military and technological race resulted in the implementation of the STEM area, thus the measurability of learning outcomes, which influenced the psychologisation, standardisation, economisation, and globalisation of education. Most of the current (un)successful national educational and curricular reforms were initiated in that direction without respect for the social, cultural, and historical features of individual countries. These changes have left a mark in pedagogy, in which the humanistic approach appears to counteract other approaches. Some educational systems demonstrate a shift from such trends, from the technical-scientific curriculum towards the didactic tradition of Bildung and the philosophy of education. The reasons can be found in the above-average results on international standardised evaluations of those countries that have national curricula, in contrast to what is recommended by the globalisation and standardisation of education as some of the elements of the Cold War heritage.


Background and Objectives: Mishdagh protected area is located in Khuzestan province. Due to the value and importance of this region and the Iranian deer species protected in this region, as well as the biodiversity of the region, which contains a rich genetic source, has so far Valuation work has not been done for it. Due to its protective importance, the purpose of this study was to estimate the conservation value of protected area using conditional valuation and hierarchical analysis methods.the area. Data were collected through questionnaires filled out by 136 people. The role and contribution of each individual, social and economic factor and the willingness to pay respondents based on the Logit model were estimated and then, with the aid of a hierarchical analysis, prioritizing the indirect, direct, indirect, value, direct and indirect values of the value of the area and heritage value Depending on the degree of importance they took.Results: The average willingness to pay for the protection of the area was 73230 rials per visitor and the total protective value was determined to be 7432845000 rials. The results of the hierarchical analysis showed that the legacy value of the region in the first rank and then the existential value, optional value, indirect value of use and direct consumption value are in the next rank.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that increasing the level of education, household income and awareness of the visitors increases their willingness to pay. The level of awareness of visitors and tourists from the protected area was low. Because only 5% of the people already knew the sample of the information provided about the area, this indicates that there should be enough information to identify the area to be made available to the public.


Abstract The role of the dynamic interactions between hydrogen in a solid solution and the stress-induced martensite transformation in hydrogen embrittlement has been investigated using trained Ni–Ti superelastic alloy. In a cyclic tensile test in the stress plateau region caused by stress-induced martensite and reverse transformations after hydrogen charging, a further decrease in the critical stress for the martensite transformation is observed. In addition, the number of cycles to fracture for a trained specimen is significantly larger than that for a non-trained specimen. Since most of the charged hydrogen is preferentially trapped in defects induced by training, the hydrogen embrittlement is considerably suppressed as a result of decreasing interactions between the hydrogen and the transformation. The present results indicate that hydrogen in a solid solution more strongly interacts with the stress-induced martensite transformation than hydrogen trapped in defects, thereby further enhancing the hydrogen embrittlement related to phase transformations.


We have evaluated whether the MHC-class-I-chain-related gene A (MICA), being closely located to HLA-B, predisposes for endocrine autoimmunity. It encodes a cell surface protein. The gene shows in its transmembrane segment a GCT repeat encoding 4, 5, 6, or 9 alanine residues (alleles A4, A5, A6, A9), and A5.1 has an additional 1-bp-insertion (GGCT, A5.1). We determined the polymorphism in 48 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 59 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 206 healthy unrelated controls. 43 patients had one endocrinopathy (monoglandular autoimmunity, MGA) and 64 at least two endocrinopathies (polyglandular autoimmunity, PGA). After extraction of genomic DNA from whole blood, the MICA microsatellites were amplified by PCR, and fragment sizes were determined with an automatic DNA sequencer (ABI PRISM 310). The exact test of Fisher and Odds ratios (OR) were applied for group comparisons. We identified the MICA alleles A4, A5, A5.1, A6, and A9 in either homozygous or heterozygous form in 21.5%, 25.2%, 70.1%, 21.5%, 22.4% of patients versus 24.8%, 27.2%, 62.1%, 36.9%, 23.8% of controls, respectively. Patients with GD (14.6%, 33.3%, 70.8%, 18.8%, 22.9%) and HT (27.1%, 18.6%, 69.5%, 23.7%, 22.0%) did not differ in their frequencies. Allele A6 was less frequent in patients (21.5%) than controls (36.9%; OR=0.468, 95%CI=0.273–0.805); this was more pronounced in patients with PGA (18.8%; OR=0.395, 0.198–0.786 vs. controls) than MGA (25.6%; OR=0.671, 0.265–1.700 vs. controls). Allele A5.1 was more frequent in patients with PGA (78.1%) than MGA (58%; OR=2.571, 1.102–6.001) or controls (62.1%; OR=2.176, 1.129–4.195). No significant relationships were observed between thyroid antibodies against TPO and TSH receptor and MICA frequencies. Allele A5.1 creates a frameshift resulting in a premature termination codon in the transmembrane region of the MICA protein, lacking for its cytoplasmatic domain. This truncated protein is regarded as a soluble, secreted form of MICA. These results indicate that the MICA gene influences susceptibility to endocrine autoimmunity.


This report describes a pulse-shape discrimination method that can be used to distinguish neutrons from gamma rays measured with liquid scintillation detectors. The proposed method is based on offline pulse analysis and allows discrimination of neutrons from gamma rays with an accuracy of 3% for time-of-flight attributed neutrons. A fast oscilloscope Tektronix TDS-5104 in combination with a liquid scintillation detector BC-501A was used to detect and store the neutron and gamma-ray pulses. The Matlab® scripts were written to post-process the data and to optimize the discrimination method. Because there is a difference in a slow component of the light produced by neutron and gamma rays, a specific ratio of tail-to-total integral is proposed for particle identification. The tail integration range and location of the classification point were optimized using "known" neutron and gamma-ray pulses to minimize the number of misclassified particles. This method can be further improved by increasing the detector pulse-height threshold.


The purpose of this article is to test the methodology of evaluating additional effects for stakeholders of an industrial park structure. The research method involves the comparison of subjects indicators operating within the park structures with the average industry values of the indicators. The analysis is carried out in accordance with the following vectors: profitability of activities, fixed assets, number of employees, average monthly wage. The study shows that the following additional effects are characteristic of the participants in the industrial park structure: increased profitability of gross expenditures, higher dynamics of increase in tax revenues for all levels of the budget system, and high investment activity.


This paper optimizes the membership function of FLC using GA with the decimal encoding system of the gene. After introducing the different ways of mutation and selection operation, this paper carries on the simulation study in many kinds of situations among the Simulink of Matlab, using a cargo ship as a controlled plant. In addition, it also simulates and studies the system performance through comparing with change of population size and evolving generation.;


Some doctors and therapist believe that uterine prolapse and back pain are two different conditions .Though both are the different conditions but sometimes they can be interrelated .The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of both the conditions simultaneously .In this study we have discussed that lower back pain in patient is due to the uterine prolapse grade 2 .So, intervention for both the conditions is given to rule out the effect of this.


A code-label recognition time of less than 500ps is demonstrated using low-cost FIR-filters. The electronically-processed label provides a control signal from an auto-correlated label. Error-free electronic code-label switching of an optical 10Gb/s signal is demonstrated.


The coal combustion behavior in a tangentially fired boiler furnace is numerically studied using a modified char combustion model. Coal particles with different lithologic characteristics are studied with the consideration of the graphitization effects during combustion process. Calculated result of unburning heat loss is in good agreement with the practical data. The numerical result also shows that the rapid grahitization of coal particles in high temperature results in continuously decreasing combustion rate. Thus, some of the coal particles which are originally easy to burn become difficult to burn out. Therefore the unburning out rate and the deviation of unburning heat between the right side and left side in the outlet of the furnace are apparently intensified. This unburning heat deviation will cause deviation of the gaseous temperature and heat distribution, and thus led to overheating and explosion of the reheaters and superheaters.


In this paper, a new kind of symmetrical aluminum (Al) nanotips structure based on localized rather traditional propagating surface plasmon polarizations (SPPs) focusing are designed and fabricated successfully. The simulation results about near-field distribution of electric field and reflectance calculations using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation theory are exhibited and then the device is fabricated mainly by coating Al films with the thickness of 100 nm on n-type doping silicon (Si), cutting into scale of 15mm×15mm by wafer dicing, electron beam lithography (EBL) exposure and ICP etching. The near-field focusing properties about small spot breaking the diffracting limitation with one order enhancement in the near-tip area of this structure are demonstrated experimentally using scanning nearfield optical microscopy (SNOM), and the comparisons to simulation results are analyzed, so as to reveal a potential application in capturing near-field focusing images quickly by applying exterior voltage signals based on our structure with nanotips.


Achromatic optical solutions for the HERA e"-ring are presented and discussed. The dynamic aperture for the three different optics is studied by particle tracking and perturbation theory. We found a significant advantage of quasi-superperiodic solutions with respect to the non-periodic solutions and an advantage of a 6-sextupole family solution with respect to a 2-family solution. The sextupole acceptance for the preferred optical solution is as large as 27 standard deviations at a beam energy of 35 GeV.


General education is a characteristic model of talent cultivation.As university is different in type and standard, the requirement of society is also different,different kinds of university should have different goals of talent cultivation and different models of general education.On the basis of theory analysis and empirical study,the fundamental model of general education in comprehensive research university is put forward.


The shell bearing of No.3 journal had failed by flaking. The flaking took place at the steel-aluminium alloy interface. From the evidences, it appears most probable that due to axial load on the crankshaft, the bearings have moved in the forward direction. This had resulted in wearing out of the tenons on the shell bearings. The tenons on the shell bearing of No.3 journal were completely worn out and hence the bearing was free to rotate along with the crankshaft. During this rotation, the bearing had experienced excessive load leading to flaking off of the bearing material by fatigue. No metallurgical abnormalities were found responsible for the failure.


Taking advantages of excellent adhesion and insulating properties, polymer-based thermal interface materials have been widely used in electrical and electronic industry. However, applications was limited due to the existence of high interfacial resistance and poor mechanical properties resulted from poor dispersion and weak interfacial adhesion of thermal conductive fillers in the polymer matrix. Herein, different sizes of aluminum oxide microparticle was used as thermal conductive fillers to fabricate a series of high thermal conductive epoxy composites, and the effect of fillers loading ratio on the properties of thermal conductive, mechanical, thermal stability was further analyzed. The optimum composite exhibits a high thermal conductivity (1.91 ± 0.02 W·m−1·K−1) at a loading ratio of 1: 2 (20-μm: 70-μm, mass ratio), which is equivalent to a thermal conductivity enhancement of 950% in comparison with pure epoxy resin. The outstanding properties of the as-prepared composite is mainly attributed to the effective conductive network formed by different size fillers that the smaller particles act as a bridge to connect the larger one. This work has proved by Agari model that combining different sizes Al2O3 as fillers is a workable way to obtain composite with high thermal conductivity and it is expected to provide a reliable route for the preparation of thermally conductive composites with different particle sizes.


Ground water is an important natural resource for rural and urban Australia. Its quality is determined by both natural processes and human activities. In rural Australia agrichemicals are used widely in order to enhance crop production. Groundwater quality data from two study areas, characterised by contrasting irrigated agricultural land uses and hydrogeological properties, illustrate the potential for such activities to have a measurable impact on underlying ground waters. In both areas agrichemical contaminants have leached to the shallow, unconfined aquifers. Overall about half of the groundwater samples were pesticide-positive, the most frequently detected being the triazine herbicide atrazine (though it is generally present at low to very low concentrations). Temporal fluctuations were observed in the proportion of pesticide-positive samples and those exhibiting elevated nitrate-N concentrations or the presence of faecal indicator bacteria. These findings can be attributed to variability in contaminant application regimes and contaminant susceptibility to degradation, and to the spatial heterogeneity of the subsurface environment.


A Brandy Aroma Wheel was developed incorporating standardised descriptive terminology (descriptors) for South African brandy aroma. The wheel comprises two tiers of descriptors with 18 first-tier descriptors giving a broader definition of an aroma, while the 75 second-tier descriptors give a more precise definition. Reference standards have been developed for the second-tier descriptors. Brandy aroma scorecards have also been developed for use with the Brandy Aroma Wheel.


Carbon fibre material which has excellent characteristics is widely used in aviation and navigation.It's difficult to machine.The mechanism of machining,characteristics of the tool and machining parameters are researched based on the carbon fibre's characteristics.The experiment data in machining and an example is provided at last.


Holographic lithography in combination with photo-lithography provides a novel optofluidic platform through incorporation of periodic photonic units inside the microfluidic chips in a highly compatible and facile way.


Since 1983, Ghana has witnessed trade liberalization policies that were introduced as part of structural adjustment and economic recovery programmes and meant to open up the once closed economy. As part of such reforms, tariffs were reduced, and non-tariff trade barriers lessened. The adjustment programme also sought to make the once neglected private sector a key player in Ghana's economic development since the sector is recognized as an engine of growth, hence, needed to accelerate the rapid industrialization of the country. In view of this, a key question begging for answers has been: how has the reductions in import restrictions in Ghana impacted on the performance of firms in terms of profitability in the private sector? This paper attempts to answer this question by investigating the effects of tariffs on the profitability of private firms in the manufacturing sector using firm-level data. Profitability is measured as the net profit margin of a firm. For our regression analysis, we employ robust pooled OLS and the fixed effects estimators. The findings reveal that tariff reductions are associated with increased profitability in such firms. Also, firm productivity and profitability were found to be positively related.


The author joins the debate regarding ethics and education through questions and brief answers especially in relation to the forms of education present in services and institutions.


Abstract. Recently, the use of natural fibers as fillers or reinforcing agents in manufacturing biocomposites has received widespread attention because of the harmful effects of the petroleum derived synthetic polymer waste. In this study, wheat bran (WB), as a new source of natural fiber, has been investigated to be utilized in manufacturing biocomposites. Wheat bran samples of different cultivars, grown in varying environment, were collected, and the lignocellulosic compositions of these bran samples were analyzed to identify cultivars with the highest cellulose content. The selected bran sample was treated using several thermo-physical and chemical methods including dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH), dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4), liquid hot water (LHW), calcium hydroxide (CaOH), organosolv such as aqueous ethanol (EtOH), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The bran cellulose content of the cultivar Mountrail was 10.9%, and it increased to 35.1% and 29.6% when treated with H2SO4 and NaOH, respectively. Hemicelluloses content decreased to 6.83% and 24.9% in H2SO4 and CaOH treated bran, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed surface cleaning of treated bran while maintaining sufficient surface roughness when treated with H2SO4, NaOH, and MIBK. The treated and untreated wheat brans were compounded and molded with polypropylene (PP) using with and without compatibilizer, and the resulting composite specimens were tested for mechanical characterization. The flexural strength and modulus increased with the addition of NaOH treated fibers at the loading rate of 20% or more and by using maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), implies that wheat bran as an agricultural grain by-product is a very promising to be used as reinforcement for polymer materials.


The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique can be used to fabricate functional coating on titanium implant. In this study, chitosan/silk fibroin composite coatings were deposited onto titanium substrates viaEPD at about 4 °C, which was recommended for protein stability and cell viability. We tested the characterization and cell behavior of the hydrogel coatings. The obtained gelatinous coatings had a similar macroporous structure with pore size ranging from 100 to 300 μm. The silk fibroin content in the coatings increased proportionally with the increase of the silk fibroin in the electrophoretic solutions. The shear and tensile bond strength of the coatings to titanium substrates increased with the increasing silk fibroin content. In vitro biological tests indicated that chitosan/silk fibroin composite coatings had better cellular affinity than pure chitosan coatings. Therefore, the low temperature EPD is an advanced technique for preparing functional coating on titanium surface and chitosan/silk fibroin composite coatings are promising candidates for loading bioactive protein and appropriate cells.


Several thiocarbamoyl derivatives of cannabinoids were obtained in the collidine-catalysed condensation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzothioamides with citral and citronellal. The thioamide function was found to change the regioselective preferences of the reaction as compared with the known cannabinoid syntheses from hydroxyacetophenones. The experimental results and theoretical (FMO theory) considerations made it possible to advance the reaction mechanism. Convenient methods were developed for the synthesis of the starting 2,4-dihydroxybenzothioamides from resorcinol and isothiocyanates in the presence of the boron trifluoride/acetic acid 1:2 complex or aluminum chloride in nitromethane.


A series of policies and measures to ensure the right of being educated of rural children have implemented.However,while increasing the finance input of rural education to realize the equalization of urban and rural education,we ignore funds inefficiency of the rural compulsory education,which effects the healthy development of rural compulsory education.Therefore we should downsize staff,adjust elementary school layout,strengthen financial asset management,perfect management system,and strengthen supervision of duty so as to improve the service efficiency of funds to make the limited funds of rural compulsory education to the maximum and give solid material guarantee and balanced development to rural compulsory education.


Academic amotivation contributed to maladaptive functioning and negatively affected the academic engagement of adolescent students. This paper aimed to study on the application of the Miracle Question (MQ) in facilitating adolescents with academic amotivation. The present work also demonstrated the underlying theories of academic amotivation (i.e., Self-Determination Theory) and MQ (i.e., Solution-Focused Brief Therapy). A three-part process model and practical effects of MQ were included for practitioners such as school counselors and teachers to assist adolescents better. The main implication of this paper is to highlight the potential of MQ to stand alone as a primary technique in school counseling and teaching practices. More qualitative research on school-based interventions using MQ is recommended.


The invention relates to a method and a system for controlling the flow of data through network nodes, in particular via network nodes of an Internet-based communication system CB, in which terminals perform network node functions. In order to control intelligently as possible the flow of data for transmission of data or for data exchange and data synchronization, the following steps are suggested: - determining that data from a user to be transmitted (A) to another user (B); - checking at least one criterion which determines whether the data flow of the data through direct connections (P2P) between the end-user network node (EUNA; EUNB) or indirect connections (S & F) to control (at least one of the user-network node UHNA; comprise UHNB); and - controlling the data flow in response to the at least one criterion tested. Through these measures ensure that the data flow can thus be controlled intelligently depending on predetermined criteria and. The criteria used different information can be used, so that the controller can in particular also be decentralized when the network nodes involved in the data flow (EUN ...; UHN ...) know these criteria and can notice.


Based on the character of relay protection,the protection reliability is divided into protection system reliability and protection operation reliability.The protection system reliability index is protection mis-operation failure rate and protection mal-operation failure rate and the protection operation reliability index is protection mis-operation frequency and protection mal-operation frequency respectively.The hardware and software model is set up to calculate the protection system reliability.The Markov models are established to calculate the protection operation reliability indices.The research is applicable for protections′ comprehensive assessment and quantitative management.


In this issue of Headache, Breslau and Andreski present a provocative paper exploring the association between migraine and neuroticism while controlling for history of comorbid psychiatric disorder. Recent epidemiologic studies have noted associations between migraine and psychiatric disorders, primarily major depression and anxiety disorders.1-8 Breslau et al have recently examined the association between migraine and major depression in a longitudinal study.8 They convincingly show that the previously-observed cross-sectional association between migraine and depression is most likely bidirectional. Bidirectionality suggests that each disorder increases the risk for development of first onset of the other disorder. This evidence that major depression increases the risk for migraine and that migraine increases the risk for major depression suggests, or at least strengthens, the hypothesis that these disorders have a shared etiology.9 The psychiatric comorbidity studies are community-based to guard against selection bias. They have also used explicit diagnostic criteria and devised reliable structured interviews for use in large nonclinical samples. To the best of my knowledge, no studies have examined frequency of migraine or coexisting tension-type headache as covariates.


The traction substation composed of the 3-phase transformer and the output diode rectifier is still the fundamental device for DC traction supply. In this paper two technical solutions (power electronic converters) allowing for braking energy recuperation to the AC mains are discussed. This has been thought as the modernisation of the existing traction substations allowing for high speed trains regenerative braking and braking of heavy train hollers. Such a solution brings some profits: energy recuperation, mechanical brakes saving and enhanced quality of traction vehicle control. For the proposed converters technical and economical advantages and drawbacks are indicated.


Author(s): Sterling, Kenneth | Advisor(s): Conley, Sharon; Gerber, Michael | Abstract: This study sought to provide an analysis of online education in higher education with a focus on how the condition of human interaction will affect students' satisfaction relating to their online class experiences. The central question the study sought to answer is: What aspects of human interaction (instructor, teaching assistant [TA], student peer) have led to students' satisfaction with online courses in the UC online setting? This study used mixed methods of quantitative survey items, qualitative survey items, and qualitative interviewing to explore student perceptions of human interaction. Students in 21 undergraduate, online courses (n = 253) at three UC campuses completed an online survey. Then eight students were interviewed, as their open-ended responses could provide more insight into their experiences with online learning. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were reported for the quantitative portion of the study. Regarding means, analyses revealed that students reported moderate opportunities available to them for human interaction in their online classes. For perceived opportunities for human interaction with TAs, the mean score was 3.45 (between 3 "a few opportunities" and 4 "not much opportunity") on a Likert Scale. In addition, perceptions of participation with human interaction by students appeared lower, on average, than perceived opportunities.Further, a relationship between students' perception of TA availability and their overall satisfaction with the online course was among the relationships found. In addition, opportunities for human interaction emerged as a significant predictor of satisfaction in a regression. For the qualitative portion of this study, open-ended questions and interview results revealed that students' perceived opportunities for human interaction and participation with TAs enhanced their experiences with online courses. Implications for research and practice were identified. For example, design of online courses should consider the use of TAs to enhance student satisfaction.


Perinatal death is recognized as a traumatic life event. Most of the time, people receive limited support from family, friends and even their partners. The lack of support from their partners usually occurs due to the different ways that men and women react and mourn. The present study will discern these differences and the reason behind them. For data collection, a sample of 4 couples between the ages of 25 and 40, both married and not, that have gone through perinatal loss will be used. Interviews will be carried out individually with the purpose of knowing [in depth] the experiences and reactions of these couples after a miscarriage. As a result, women are expected to show more depressive symptoms, more psychological stress and generally more intense, painful and longer grief than their male partners.


This paper classifies the field-to-transmission line coupling problems in the airplane into two different subsections according to the relationship between the frequency of incident field and the length of transmission line. In the high frequency case, distributed sources are introduced to derive the current response of two-wire transmission lines excited by random electromagnetic field in terms of transmission line theory. Finally to investigate the validity and accuracy of this method, compute the terminal current of specific parameters on the Matlab simulating circumstance, and compare the results with other methods. This proposed method extends the transmission line theory to a new application area, and provides some reference for equipment-level and system-level electromagnetic compatibility design in the airplane.


This work deals with the East India Company, Coinage, India, its History, and its Coins, in India in General; South India; Asia; South-Asia; Western India; East-India; and, Portuguese Indies.


With the development of Internet technology, especially the conditions of wireless and mobility be migrated, more user's tasks with different QoS requirement will be implemented in Internet. However, user will front a network which state changes from the static to the dynamic, the QoS requirement will changes from the one for single network condition to the other for several heterogeneous. In the face of the complexity of the next generation network, traditional QoS concept model will not suit for this condition. In this paper, we propose a new QoS concept model QoSw for the next generation network. In QoSw, we define Network-space N and User-space U conceptions and analyze the mapping relations between N and U. We enlarge the scales of network QoS guarantee from the network-level for user's physical resource needs plus both the application-level for the application characteristics and the user-level characteristic for the user characteristics. Finally, the policy format of the QoS requirement can express better the semantics for user's needs, this will better adapt to the next generation network conditions and have a better expression for use's personality.


The article examines the literary and musical connections of two great Austrian maestros writer Joseph Roth (1894-1939) and composer Franz Lehar (1870-1948). The author concentrates his arguments on a classical Austrian novel Radetzky March by Joseph Roth, in which the early period of Neo-Viennese operetta classic"s creative work is indirectly, and at times directly, reflected. The intensive development of operetta in the Austrian capital, Vienna, made this genre a unique phenomenon in the European culture of the XX century.


[Objective]The aim was to comparatively analyze the dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of all organs of grafted and own-rooted watermelon at different growth stages,to reveal the effects of grafting on dry matter accumulation and distribution of watermelon.[Method]The rootstock was Hangzhou-long gourd,scion was fine and small watermelon in greenhouse Xiaolan.During the growth of own-rooted and grafted watermelon,three plants were taken at different growth stages and then their root,stem,leaf and fruit were separated to determine their fresh and dry weight resp..[Result] The results showed that the dry matter accumulation amount of grafted watermelon was remarkably higher than that of own-rooted watermelon,but their change tendency was in the same.[Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for cultivating of grafted watermelon in a large scale.


Regression models are commonly used in psychological research. In most studies, regression coefficients are estimated via maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. It is well-known that ML estimates have desirable large sample properties, but are prone to overfitting in small to moderate sized samples. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using penalized regression, which is a form of penalized likelihood (PL) estimation. Informally, PL estimation can be understood as introducing bias to estimators for the purpose of reducing their variance, with the ultimate goal of providing better solutions. We focus on the Gaussian regression model, where ML and PL estimation reduce to ordinary least squares (OLS) and penalized least squares (PLS) estimation, respectively. We cover classic OLS and stepwise regression, as well as three popular penalized regression approaches: ridge regression, the lasso, and the elastic net. We compare the different penalties (or biases) imposed by each method, and discuss the resulting features each penalty encourages in the solution. To demonstrate the methods, we use an example where the goal is to predict a student's math exam performance from 30 potential predictors. Using a step-by-step tutorial with R code, we demonstrate how to (i) load and prepare the data for analysis, (ii) fit the OLS, stepwise, ridge, lasso, and elastic net models, (iii) extract and compare the model fitting results, and (iv) evaluate the performance of each method. Our example reveals that penalized regression methods can produce more accurate and more interpretable results than the classic OLS and stepwise regression solutions.


The southwestern segment of the Broken River Province, here termed the Graveyard Creek Sub‐province, possesses a distinctive history of sedimentation, igneous activity, and structural development. ...


The initial and continuing academic programs for teacher librarians in France have to face major changes in their content and organization. A new social request for distance learning courses crosses a changing conceptual, epistemic and technological content that demands the implementation of adapted academic policies. The creation of distance learning curricula in universities is based on three factors:-A new perspective on information culture which includes cross-cultural and critical knowledge about information, media and computer science. This "transliteracy" dimension is congruent to the logic of distance learning.-The emphasis in use and reflection on information and communication tools that are common to existing curricula and distance learning courses.-The necessity of alternative training strategies for the universities which includes experimentation of information technologies as learning tools, objects and subjects.


A method was proposed for determining the reaction route of the hydrogen electrode reaction. It is based on congruence between the stoichiometric number determined from an isotope exchange rate and that from the isotopic composition of the hydrogen gas obtained by the exchange reaction. Deuterium exchange experiments were carried out on Ru and Re in 1 N H 2S04• On Ru, the discharge-combination route was concluded. The stoichiometric number was two. This indicates that the step between hydrogen adatom and proton in solution is rate-determining. The same route was concluded on Re with comparable magnitudes of the exchange rates of the two steps. Data obtained previously on other metals were reanalyzed by the present method. The analysis substantiated the reaction route concluded previously on Ni and Rh but was not conclusive on Pt. Ir, Ag, and Au. Introduction Mechanistic studies of the hydrogen electrode reaction (her) on Ru and Re are relatively scanty.!) Some reports available are mainly concerned with the polarization current (1) vs. overpotential (YJ) relation of the overall her: Limited information only is obtained from such studies. JONCICH et al.2l measured the I-YJ relation on Re in HCI solutions and reported the Tafel constant to be two. Combining this with the results that no pH dependence of the rate existed, they concluded the slow-combination (the catalytic) mechanism. GILES et al. ) used Ru electrodes elec*) Present address: Denki Kagaku Kogyo, Ltd., Omi, Niigata, Japan. **) The Research Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.