The article explores the potential for the singular voice of the life-writing text to create an emancipatory disability group identity by featuring stories of disabled people and groups. While disabled others have been studied in the past for how they relate to the autobiographical subject, their depiction is itself a form of disability representation that can contribute to the positive construction of the disability community and amplify the autobiographer's call to action by corroborating her experiences, thereby giving her voice greater social and political significance. Disability communities are identified in texts by Mary Grimley Mason, Eli Clare, and Nancy Mairs and are shown to be central to Simi Linton's My Body Politic. Linton's narrative of her entrance into the disability community functions as a metanarrative about autobiography that challenges notions about the singular, isolated voice often associated with the genre. The multifaceted and vibrant disability communities featured in Linton's and other disability autobiographies reinforce the efficacy of disability life writing as a tool to shape social and political ideologies about the body and identity.


After analyzing a number of international and national regulatory documents in the field of names of geographical and other objects, as well as the practice of applying the requirements of these documents, the authors concluded that the main method of geographical objects' names transmitting, as well as those of streets, squares, stops, road and city signs, and of other inner-city objects in foreign languages (letters of the Latin alphabet) is currently adopted transliteration. On the one hand it can simplify spelling them with Latin letters, but, on the other hand inscriptions unreadable in any language are created, since their pronunciation is unknown. In connection with participation in international economic and other activities, holding mass events with foreign representatives, the problem of writing and adequate reading the names of geographical and other objects in other languages (letters of the Latin alphabet) has aggravated. The authors see the solution of the mentioned task in creating a specialized multilingual database through including transcribed names in it, i. e. converted according to pronunciation into English, then into the official languages of the United Nations and German. This will require enormous work, which should involve translators, philologists, cartographers and local historians; in addition, it will be necessary to revive the work of the department of geographical names in the head scientific organization in the industry of geodesy, cartography and names of geographical objects.


Incentives are used for the companies in various fields to increase the capital investments in Turkey. One of the mentioned incentives here is the one relating the corporation tax discount. Recording the investment incentives of corporation tax according to General Communique on Accounting System Application (GCAST) is common. However, accounting process of these incentives is differentiated due to Turkish Accounting Standards (TAS) since it causes the deferred tax asset. The aim of this study is explaining the accounting process of corporation tax incentives, relating the investments for the companies in Turkey, within the framework of TAS 12 income taxes. Thus, taxing concept within the Turkish A Standards (TAS) is analyzed based on TAS 12 Income Taxes Standard. DOI: 10.32602/jafas.2018.013


1Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute and Departments of Medicine of the University of Toronto and University Health Network Toronto General Hospital; 2Departments of Medicine of the University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Correspondence: Dr T Douglas Bradley, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, 9N-943, 200 Elizabeth Street,Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4. Telephone 416-340-4719, fax 416-340-4197, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com The Treatment of Predominant Central Sleep Apnoea by Adaptive Servo Ventilation in Patients With Heart Failure (SERVE-HF) trial tested the hypothesis, in 1325 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and co-existing central sleep apnea (CSA), that adaptive servoventilation (ASV) would reduce the incidence of the primary end point: the composite of all-cause mortality, life-saving cardiovascular interventions, or unplanned hospitalizations for worsening heart failure (1). The intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant difference between individuals randomly assigned to ASV and those randomly assigned to control for the primary end point (P=0.10). However, the ASV group experienced significantly higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than the control group (HR 1.28 [P=0.01], and HR 1.34 [P=0.006], respectively), and no improvement in quality of life. The authors concluded that the ASV device used (Auto CS, ResMed, USA) increased mortality without improving quality of life and, therefore, should not be used in HFrEF patients with CSA. Importantly, they acknowledged that different ASV devices use different algorithms to suppress CSA, and cite the Effect of Adaptive Servo Ventilation (ASV) on Survival and Hospital Admissions in Heart Failure (ADVENT-HF) trial (1) as one that may help to determine whether the results of SERVE-HF were a class effect of ASV, or were specific to the ASV device used. Both the original article (1) and the accompanying editorial (2) emphasized that the SERVE-HF results cannot be extrapolated to HFrEF patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) because OSA causes more adverse cardiac loading than CSA, which are reversible by positive airway pressure devices. As compelling as the SERVE-HF data appear, they raise a number of issues that should not preclude completion of other trials of devices for therapy of CSA or OSA in HFrEF patients. First, the SERVE-HF publication reports only the results of a treatment strategy. This is important because there was substantial nonadherence to the study protocol: 29% of patients either discontinued or never used ASV, while 16% of patients randomly assigned to control crossed-over to positive airway pressure therapy. ASV compliance was low, averaging only 3.4 h per night one year postrandomization. This low adherence suggests that subjects remained exposed to CSA during a substantial length of time when ASV was not worn. A potential reason for low compliance was that 76% of treated subjects used a full face mask, which is generally less well tolerated than a nasal mask (3). Second, the ASV device used has relatively high default pressures as part of its ventilation algorithm (minimum end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O and minimum inspiratory pressure support of 3 cmH2O), making it more likely to induce hyperventilation and to lower cardiac output in those with normal or low left ventricular filling pressures than a device with lower default pressures (4). Third, the reason for the increased mortality in the ASV group is not known. The authors speculate that it could be because CSA is an adaptive mechanism in HFrEF (5), and that its reversal may be harmful, or that ASV-induced positive intrathoracic pressure may lower cardiac output, at least in those with normal left ventricular filling pressures by impeding venous return to the heart (4). Another possibility is that inspiratory pressure support could lead to hyperventilation, alkalosis and accompanying hypokalemia, which may increase the propensity for cardiac arrhythmias (6). If any of these were the case, one may expect a tendency for deaths to occur while using the device. However, no data regarding the time of death or whether subjects were wearing ASV at that time were reported. The SERVE-HF data indicate that ASV should not be used to treat CSA in patients with HFrEF outside of the setting of a randomized trial (2). Any such trial would require close monitoring by an independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) to detect any early potential adverse effects of ASV. The ADVENT-HF trial (7), while similar to SERVE-HF in that it includes HFrEF patients with CSA and employs ASV as the intervention, differs from SERVE-HF in several respects. First, unlike SERVE-HF, it includes non-sleepy patients with OSA (7,8). To date, 64% of patients enrolled have OSA. Second, the ASV device used is made by another company, and its algorithm has lower default end-expiratory and minimum pressure support settings (4 cmH2O and 0 cmH2O, respectively) than that used in SERVE-HF. Theoretically, this should reduce the risk of lowering cardiac output and of inducing hyperventilation. Third, the trial is more closely monitored than SERVE-HF: patients are seen at sixmonthly intervals compared to yearly in the SERVE-HF trial; and the DSMB review data six monthly compared with only twice over the seven-year course of SERVE-HF. In fact, following the release of the SERVE-HF results, the ADVENT-HF DSMB reviewed adverse events separately for patients with CSA and those with OSA. They did not observe any safety signal in either group and recommended the trial continue without modification. Irrespective of the SERVE-HF results, ADVENT-HF will provide novel data regarding the effects of treating asymptomatic OSA in patients with heart failure, and will provide evidence as to whether the adverse effects observed in SERVE-HF were a class effect or were device specific.


This study was funded by the University of Minnesota–Twin Cities' Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). We thank Tic Gums for donating the cellulose gum premix, General Mills Inc. for donating the titanium dioxide, and Cargill Inc. for the citric acid. ◊ Some describe thirst quenching as refreshing, or said another way, after you drink something you are not thirsty anymore. ◊ Consumers tend to drink water to quench their thirst1,2. ◊ Those with dysphagia, a condition experienced most frequently post surgery, cannot swallow water or similar beverages because the fluids go into their lungs causing choking. They instead drink thickened beverages, which have been shown to be the least thirst quenching among most beverages2. ◊ Research on thirst quenching and/or thickened beverages is limited, thus the importance of this research for those with dysphagia. Past research has indicated that beverages are thirst quenching based on properties such as acidity, sweetness, astringency, carbonation, thickness, temperature, color, and strength of flavor2,3,5. ◊ The goal was to take a thickened beverage of honey consistency and find which ingredients and components would make it thirst quenching. ◊ The hypotheses included if sour or cold components are added to a thickened beverage, it would result in a more thirst quenching beverage and if sweet ingredients are added, it would result in a less thirst quenching beverage. ◊ If further research is conducted on this project, a larger sample size and recruiting panelists who have previously consumed thickened beverages, would provide more accurate results. ◊ It can be speculated that the liking (or disliking) of the beverage influenced the thirst quenching ability of the thickened beverage. ◊ Panelists did not have similar results for the thirst level as more beverages were consumed. There are many speculations pertaining to this result including the influence of the name of the study. Some panelists may have answered that they were less thirsty as they consumed more beverages because of the mouth-coating and other sensory attributes of the beverages. ◊ The thirst quenching ability of a thickened beverage was not significantly influenced by the addition of an ingredient, change of the temperature, or change of the color. ◊ The combination of acidic and sweet components seemed to help the thirst quenching ability. ◊ The samples did not significantly differ in thirst quenching ability and level of liking. The histograms of the level of liking and thirst quenching ability for each of the beverages were not a normal distribution. ◊ There were only slight differences between the samples pertaining to thirst quenching and level of liking as shown in Figure 3 and 4. It can only be speculated that there is a trend between sour ingredients and thirst quenching ability (Fig 3). The cloudy thickened beverage that resembled the color of milk resulted with a slightly higher value in the level of liking (Fig 4). ◊ The difference of the initial and final thirst level were compared to the thirst quenching ability (Fig 5) and liking (not shown) of the beverage and indicated no correlation. ◊ A positive value for change in thirst indicated an increase in thirst after consuming the beverage. This positive change in thirst should correlate with a lower thirst quenching rating, which would be shown with an inverse correlation and a decreasing slope. The slope decreases slightly but the r2 value is very small. ◊ A body desires water to fulfill its needs2,4. Those with dysphagia cannot drink water because they may aspirate the liquid. They instead drink a thickened beverage to quench their thirst. Past research has shown that thick beverages are not thirst quenching2. ◊ The six beverages in this study were tested for their liking and thirst quenching ability. The beverages selected were sugar, citric acid, both sugar and citric acid, cloudy-milky white, cold in temperature, and a control. ◊ The variations of beverages in this study did not significantly improve the thirst quenching ability of the thickened beverage.


The accumulation of lipids In microorganisms cultivated In growth media having as sole carbon and energy source vegetable or animal fat has been an object of research and industrial interest for many years. Interestingly, the accumulated fat often has a composition and structure much different from that of the fat present In the substrate.    The present work describes a mathematical approach to the accumulation of fat by oleaginous microorganisms growing on medium containing vegetable oil as carbon source. A mathematical model, correlating the accumulation of reserve fat with the growth of microbial population and the available quantity of exocellular fat, is proposed. This model is verified by experimental data taken by cultivation of Mucor circinelloides CBS 172-27 on sunflower oil.    The proposed model is described by the equation: X L = X Lo + L o (1-e -k 2 .t )– (ln x -lnx o )/ k 1

   where X L (mg/l) the concentration of reserve lipids at time t (h), X L o (mg/l) the concentration of lipid reserves at time t =o, L o (mg/l) the initial concentration of exocellular fat (a t =o), X (mg/l) the concentration of fat-free biomass at a given time t and Xo the concentration of fat-free biomass at time t =o; k 1 and k 2 constants.


Purpose To study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd : YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on refraction and best-corrected visual acuity in pseudophakic eyes. Patients and methods This retrospective nonrandomized analytic study included 110 eyes (n=100 patients) with posterior capsular opacification following a phacoemulsification with foldable hydrophobic intraocular lens implantation surgery. Thorough ophthalmological examinations were performed for all subjects before and after YAG capsulotomy. The best-corrected visual acuity, refractive sphere, and refractive cylinder calculations before and one month after the capsulotomy were recorded. Results Patients' mean±SD age at the time of surgery was 61.35±14.46 years. The mean±SD refractive sphere changed toward a myopic shift from 0.04±1.78 before capsulotomy to −0.40±1.43 after capsulotomy. The mean±SD refractive cylinder was −1.67±1.45 before capsulotomy and changed to −1.42±1.16 after capsulotomy, making a mild hyperopic shift. Changes in the axis of the cylinder were not statistically significant. A significant improvement was seen in the best-corrected visual acuity from 0.49±0.33 before capsulotomy to 0.23±0.22 after capsulotomy (P<0.001). Conclusion Visual acuity (best-corrected visual acuity) was significantly enhanced following the Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy, and therefore, it is suggested that Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe and effective alternative treatment for posterior capsular opacification. There are significant changes in the refractive sphere toward a myopic shift following the YAG laser capsulotomy and a significant change in the refractive cylinder toward a hyperopic shift, whereas there were no significant changes in the cylinder axis.


Optical links are a promising alternative to the electrical interconnects that are currently used between chips within a computer. A crucial part of an optical link is a modulator, a device that converts an electrical signal into an optical signal. This thesis explores the physics of how these modulators operate. I built a general purpose optical and electrical testing station to perform these measurements. The optical transmission spectra of the set of modulators studied had extinction ratios in the range of 5 to 27 dB, which is sufficient for modulation. I developed analytical and T-Matrix models to extract physical parameters from the transmission scans, such as light transmission, loss in the ring, and index of refraction of the contact section. The modulators worked with an open eye up to frequencies of 600 MHz. A theoretical model was developed to match the data and experiment with injection and recombination dynamics. Finally, several design solutions are suggested to further improve the modulators and to move towards the goal of modulators that operate at 5 Gb/s. Thesis Supervisor: Rajeev Ram Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis Supervisor: Erich Ippen Title: Professor of Physics


BACKGROUND:
Lithium and sodium valproate combination therapy is the most recommended after the failure of monotherapy which is used as the first-line treatment commonly. If this combination is found to have synergistic pharmacological effects it may prove better than the monotherapy and could even be used as a first-line therapy, but the comparison between this combination and monotherapy has been rarely done in the past especially in terms of quality of life, functioning and cognition.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To compare the quality of life, functioning and certain cognitive variables between euthymic bipolar patients on sodium valproate and lithium combination therapy with those on valproate monotherapy.
METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional analytical study. Independent t tests, along with Pearson correlation and Spearmann rank correlation tests were employed for the main results and IBM SPSS version 20 was used.
RESULTS:
WHOQOL-BREF and GAF scores were better in the group receiving combination therapy. No significant differences in the cognitive variables between the two groups observed.
CONCLUSION:
Patients on lithium and sodium valpoate combination therapy seem to have a better quality of life and functioning as compared to those on sodium valproate monotherapy. No difference in cognition between the two groups was observed.


The oncogene BMI1 is an important component of the polycomb group. Its appropriate expression is crucial towards physiological growth and development, but excessive expression is closely related to tumorigenesis, cancer development and prognosis. BMI1 plays a key role in tumorigenesis through suppressing multiple gene loci (e.g. INK4A / ARF), executing synergistic roles with other oncogenes, and enhancing telomerase activity, etc. In recent years, BMI1 has been found to enhance the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, hence, cells can survive and proliferate under genotoxicity stress. Also, BMI1 can weaken the cell cycle checkpoint activation, thereby increasing the genomic instability. Through the two processes illustrated above, BMI1 plays a crucial role in DNA damage response and thereby promotes tumorigenesis. Here, we attempt to review the progress of BMI1's roles in tumorigenesis.

Key words:
BMI1; INK4A/ARF; DNA damage response; Tumorigenesis


90s students has become the main body of the current college undergraduates,90 students a distinctive ideological features,new demands on the current ideological and political education of college students work,the correct analysis of the ideological characteristics of the 90 students,and explore effective methods of ideological and political education,contribute to their healthy growth and success.


Abstract : THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING AN OPTIMAL TESTING POLICY WHERE ONE SIMULTANEOUSLY GAINS AND LEARNS FOR THE CASE WHERE THE OUTCOME OF ONE CHOICE IS KNOWN AND THE OTHER IS SUBJECT TO A KNOWN A PRIORI DISTRIBUTION IS CONSIDERED. Results of Johnson and Karlin, P-328, are obtained in a different way and extended. The methods used are applicable to more general processes.


We present a structural and chemical analysis of high-vacuum deposited Si films grown on clean or oxidized Si (001) wafers by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. For growth on clean Si, we observed a limiting thickness for epitaxy that decreases with decreasing temperature with an activation energy of 0.47 eV. The onset of defect formation is correlated to a peak in the H impurity concentration. The transition to an amorphous phase is, however, observed beyond the depth where impurities are first observed pointing to surface disorder/roughening as a source of epitaxy breakdown. The O and C content in these films remains low until the film crystallinity has strongly deteriorated and reaches a saturation concentration of 2–4 at. % in the fully amorphous regions. The impurity profiles in amorphous-Si films grown on oxidized Si are similar to those obtained on clean Si when grown at the same temperature and indicate that the impurity uptake depends primarily on residual gas and surface condition. Raman sc...


Modelling unbounded domains is an important issue in engineering. During these last years,
elliptic boundary value problems on a half-plane, reformulated in terms of boundary integral
equations on the real line, have been investigated. Here, using the fundamental solutions
for a full-space, we consider hypersingular integral equations arising from Neumann 2D elliptic
problems defined over unbounded domains with unbounded boundaries and we use a suitable
 Petrov-Galerkin infinite BEM approach as discretization technique. Numerical quadrature
 schemes are proposed to compute the involved integrals. Several results on half-planes
 and infinite strips are presented.

[ DOI : 10.1685/CSC06003] About DOI


Multifrequency, multipolarization imaging radar scattering coefficient data sets, acquired by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) over sea-ice, were studied in order to reveal their scale-invariant properties. Two distinct scenes were acquired at C-band (5.6 cm) and L-band (25 cm) wavelengths for three different linear polarizations (HH, VV, and HV). These sea-ice radar scattering coefficient fields were investigated by applying both Fourier and multifractal analysis techniques. The (multi) scaling of the data is clearly exhibited in both scenes for all three polarizations at L-band and for the HV polarization at C-band. The fields presenting this symmetry were found to be well described by universal multifractals. The corresponding parameters /spl alpha/, C/sub 1/, and H were determined for all these fields and were found to vary little with only the parameter H (characterizing the degree of nonconservation) displaying some systematic sensitivity to polarization. The values found for the universal multifractal parameters are /spl alpha//spl ap/1.85/spl plusmn/0.05, C/sub 1//spl ap/0.0086/spl plusmn/0.0041, and H/spl ap/-0.15/spl plusmn/0.05.


Apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I induces rapid translocation of protein kinase Cα and phospholipase Cγ, and slow translocation of caveolin‐1 and newly synthesized cholesterol to the cytosolic lipid‐protein particle (CLPP) fraction in rat astrocytes. In order to understand the function of CLPP, we investigated the interaction with cytoskeletons of CLPP‐related proteins such as caveolin‐1 and protein kinase Cα and of CLPP‐related lipids in rat astrocytes. Under the conditions that microtubules were depolymerized, association of cytosolic caveolin‐1 with protein kinase Cα and α‐tubulin was enhanced when the cells were treated with apoA‐I for 5 min. This association was suppressed by a scaffolding domain‐peptide of caveolin‐1. Association with the microtubule‐like filaments of cytosolic lipids, caveolin‐1 and protein kinase Cα was also increased by the apoA‐I treatment and inhibited by the scaffolding domain peptide. Paclitaxel (taxol), a compound to stabilize microtubules, suppressed the apoA‐I‐mediated intracellular translocation and release from the cells of the de novo synthesized cholesterol and phospholipid. The findings suggested that the association of CLPP with microtubules is mediated by a scaffolding domain of caveolin‐1, induced by apoA‐I and involved in regulation of intracellular cholesterol trafficking for assembly of cellular lipids to apoA‐I–high‐density lipoprotein (HDL).


tiles. Numerous studies on workers exposed to high levels of VCM for long periods show higher incidents of cancer of the liver, lungs, brain, and nervous system than in a control group. "VCM is highly flammable, explosive, reactive, colorless, manmade liquid or gas with mildly sweet odor. . . . Breathing at high levels can cause dizziness, unconsciousness or death. . . . Animal studies show long-term exposure can damage sperm and testes, harm unborn offspring and cause miscarriages


A digital camera, when a shooting instruction of a snapshot during the moving image recording period, temporarily retracted to a stored still image in the recording area (7a) for the evacuation of the frame buffer (7). The moving picture and the still picture currently being taken on a display (9) in parallel is shown, the user can confirm the contents of the snapshot. During the evacuation operation the moving image is continuously recorded. After the moving image processing, still images are processed in the image correction circuit (4). A frame buffer (7) is provided with a plurality of frame recording area, it is common in the treatment of a moving image and a still image. In a typical video processing of these regions it is used to periodically, when the still picture is taken, the one area is used. Thereafter, the remaining areas and is periodically used for the moving picture. The recording of the moving picture and still picture can be improved at a low cost, is easy to take and snapshot, it does not increase even product size. Moving picture, still picture, retracted, snapshot, a digital camera, shooting


The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from toxic compounds. Its selective permeability is essential for the optimal function of the central nervous system. Some peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, cell-penetrating peptides are able to overcome the cell membrane. During this research project, it was investigated whether these cell-penetrating peptides also can cross the blood-brain barrier. The chemical diversity of the already reported cell-penetrating peptides was investigated and a unified response for the extent of cellular uptake of peptides was introduced. Based on this study, a set of cell-penetrating peptides was rationally selected for further research. In order to more objectively compare the quantitative data on the blood-brain barrier influx of peptides, a classification system for blood-brain barrier influx was established. The purity of the selected synthetized cell-penetrating peptides was also investigated, which is essential for obtaining reliable research conclusions. Different chromatographic systems were compared for the analysis of the selected peptides. The investigated cell-penetrating peptides crossed the blood-brain barrier to a different extent. The influx varied from very low to very high and some peptides showed efflux out of the brain. There was no correlation observed between the blood-brain barrier transport kinetics and the extent of cellular uptake. During the aging process, the blood-brain barrier shows an increased permeability and, together with other age-related functional changes, should be taken into account during the development of medicines used by the elderly. Therefore, the current regulatory status of the development of geriatric medicines was investigated.


Abstract
The explosive growth of online biological and medical information presents a real time challenge to the strategy and methods currently used in information acquisition. One of these challenges is how to retrieve the relevant information in a timely manner. Agent technology and various filtering systems have been employed in order to enhance the relevancy. Integration of the two into a user-friendly interface will further reduce the time spent in the process. In addition, personalization will provide extra relevancy to the retrieved information. Starting from a personalized PubMed search, we propose to apply the bottom-up strategy in our development of agents that are linked to a Personalized Domain-Specific Vocabulary (PDSV), which consists of major terms, sources and techniques by which a Molecular Oncologist search for the relevant information. The successful application of PDSV in online information retrieval (IR) in one research area will lay a foundation for future expansion into other health care research areas.


Presenting the core category "feeling like a family", one could say this chapter is the heart of the study. It is used to go into depth regarding the core category by explaining the characteristics and the meaning of family and the phenom-enon of "feeling like a family" as such. The properties of this category are elaborated and connected with the earlier developed categories. This enables the author to link the different parts and indicate relations and connections between the categories and their properties. Like this, the whole picture that resulted from the analysis is made comprehensible. Furthermore, the logic of why "feeling like a family" emerged as the core category can be demonstrated. The core category is the only category that is not related to only one of the interview groups (children, parents, teachers). It developed from the whole body of interviews with children, parents and teachers. Feeling like a family describes a process in which the participants develop a sense of belonging. This indicates that especially aspects of the children's category "question of belonging" are reflected in the core category. The expressions "feeling like a family", "being part of the family", "famil-iarity" or "accepting the child with a disability in the family" are mentioned in the chapters above (highlighted in pink in the network views), sometimes as a property or consequence of a certain category. This was part of the process that finally identified feeling like a family and raised it to the level of a core category. Furthermore, it shows that this process developed to be the core category, as it is related not only to the question of belonging but to all other categories as well. In this way, the developed categories become subcategories for the latter:


Background/alms: Worldwide there are many skin care and makeup products intended to maintain good appearance or youthful skin. However consumers don't know which products are suitable for their skin because they don't know their skin type exactly. To solve this problem, this study suggests two possible classifications of facial skin type by using simple methods.


We thank Graveling and Frier (1) for their comments, which underline the clinical difficulties in managing patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). An audit of a U.K.-based structured education program for patients with type 1 diabetes, Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE), found that 48% of those who reported IAH at …


The link between intellectual capital and organizational performance is becoming more and more an interesting issue, when companies are seeking for new solutions in order to survive and develop their business. The simultaneous equation model is used to examine subsidiary banks of financial holding company (FHC) and independent banks in Taiwan. From the empirical findings, there is a basic difference between subsidiary banks of FHC and independent banks, specifically on the mediating role of customer capital. In spite of this difference, there are also important similarities across the three stages. That is, two of the four paths are significant and are in the hypothesized direction for subsidiary banks of FHC and independent banks: (1) the effect of human capital on process capital and (2) the effect of human capital on customer capital.


With the methods of documents,investigation and statistics,it analyzed the basketball referees in Zhejiang.The result shows that the basketball senior referee's quantity and level in Zhejiang province occupy the national forefront,but the referee's distribution and level of each area differ greatly.There are few women in the referee team.The cultivation of referees is adopted with the training mode of "dual track system",and the training system is non-flexible.


Cryo-electron microscopy allows high resolution structural studies of macromolecules or macro-molecular complexes. As structural analyses extend to higher resolutions, several major compu-tational problems arise in analyzing cryo-electron micrographs. One is the acute sensitivity of the sample to radiation damage, requiring that images be acquired at a low electron dose with conse-quently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially at higher spatial frequencies. Secondly, as the size of each digitized image grows, the duration of the computational procedures lengthen consider-ably. A third problem is the complex distortion imposed upon the images by the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the electron microscope. We have addressed these issues in the context of solving the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) capsid structure, and have succeeded in improving the resolution of our model from 17À[4] to 9À[1] (Fig.l). This is sufficient to define part of the molecular structure, including a 4-helix bundle at the dimer interface which constitutes the protruding 'spike' domains seen on the surface of the capsid, as well as other helices elsewhere in the molecule.


The paper analyses the significance of the most recent works by Amedeo G. Conte for a theoretical approach to social action that escapes the risks of misplaced abstractness, to which the sociology of law is always exposed. The stress on the linguistic nature of the law, as an historical and cultural consequence of its proc-esses of institutionalisation, compels the sociologist to focus on the role of media-tor played by legal culture in determining what counts as a legal norm for social action. By thus avoiding both the reification of the content of these norms and the trivialisation of the description of the action, it is possible to revive the procedural, reciprocal and reiterative relevance of action to legal norms as specific institution-alised and procedural phenomena.


The development of economics in modern world is rapid.By analysising of the course of various local economical development we find that modern industry takes the industrial colony as the characteristic showing formidable vitality.With the rapid development of modern transportation and communication,industrial inner link,compose the industrial colony,promote healthy development of industrial area,take the new industrialization path,so that we can deal with globalization challenge.


Dementia draws on a variety of public and private resources. There is increasing pressure to define the cost components in this area to improve resource allocation and accountability. The aim of this study was to characterize frailty in a group of cognitively impaired community‐dwelling elders and evaluate its relationship with cost and resource utilization.


Double-sided magnesium diboride (MgB2) thin films have been grown on double-sided polished sapphire substrates by the technique of hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD). The zero resistance temperature (Tc) of the films is higher than 37 K. The microwave characteristic of the double-sided MgB2 thin films at 8.7GHz is studied systematically by the microstrip resonator technique. Surface resistance of the thin films is extracted by analyzing the resonance curves at different temperatures, and it is 1.2 mΩ at 11K.


The original writers of the specifications for American sound level meters wished to provide a standard instrument that would indicate the loudness of sounds as perceived by the normal human ear. As loudness varies with the sound pressure level and frequency of a sound, three frequency weighting networks were specified to mimic the response of the ear at the loudness levels of 40, 70, and approximately 100 phons. The first of these was designated the A‐weighting and the last was called the C‐weighting, which was a flat response. When the rules given for using the weighting networks were followed, the sound level meter indicated very accurately the loudness levels of pure tones but not broadband noises. For measuring noises more precisely, special rules were developed by sound level meter users for combining the readings obtained using two or more of the weighting networks, particularly the A‐ and C‐weighting networks. Long experience with estimating human responses to noise from sound level meter readings...


Objective:Analyze the effect of nutrition supply in empty intestines inserted with pump.Methods:Analyze 27 cases nutrition supply in intestines on sufferers and observe the nutrition indicator and the complication.Results:With regard to the nutrition supply in the intestine on 25 sufferers,it improved the quantity of absorbed nutrition,improved the balance of nitrogen,and decreased the complication curiously,In two cases,the sufferers died because of exhaustion of multi-viscera's function.Conclusions:Most of seriously surgical sufferer can reach the balance of nutritionsupply by using the nutrition in intestines.


A double phi peak structure in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum front ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is proposed as a signal for the phase transition from tile quark-gluon plasma to the hadronic matter. The low mass phi peak results from the reduced phi meson mass in hot hadronic matter and the long duration time of the phase transition. Furthermore, the measurement of transverse momentum distribution of these low mass phi mesons offers a viable means for determining the temperature of the phase transition.


A double detector dc comparator with magnetic modulator and magnetic amplifier is disclosed. The synthetic output characteristic of the double detector has one operating point corresponding to zero ampere turns, not other zero output points, the so called false-balance points. The comparator possesses not only high precision, low drift, high linearity and good antimagnetic property from magnetic modulator comparators, but also perfect stability and reliability from magnetic amplifiers. The performance and test results are described.


The present invention relates to a lithium-ion battery technology field, particularly relates to a method of vacuum stepped into a lithium ion capacitor cell. Comprises the steps of: when sealed monomer encapsulates a capacitor battery 20mm long, 5mm diameter PP pipe, and the injection hole is used as a vacuum pump, the battery capacitance single injection and left standing 18 ± 4 hours, depending on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the oxidation-reduction potential determined charge-discharge potential, and the use of stepped current charge-discharge cycle conducted into different size, the same time the PP pipe connecting a vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum of -0.5MPa. Compared with the prior art, not only the efficient and rapid; its wide applicability.


Shanghai high speed maglev vehicle is the first high speed maglev vehicle which has been put into commercial operation.The structure and functions are introduced briefly for the on board power supply system.Every fundamental components,their structures and functions are described in details.


This paper analyzes main factors causing problems of 220kV GW16 type isolating switch during running,puts forward technical modification scheme;according to new problems encountered in the modification,puts forward some suggestions.It is very important for modifying GW16 type isolating switch to expertize modification craft and avoid new damage.


Land reform policy in South Africa has been strongly criticised, especially its instrumentality. However, recent ethnographic studies indicate that it is a complex and deeply social process in which policy is understood differently by different actors. Rather than asking whether land reform works we should ask how it works. Using a case study of SLAG (Settlement Land Acquisition Grant) redistribution beneficiaries in a southern Cape village, this paper describes how these rural residents interpreted policy and used the resources put at their disposal by the state. These local actors' decisions and actions were based largely on their livelihood requirements and frequently determined by their historical experiences and social relationships. Although they behaved in ways that were not anticipated by officials, a number have gained tangible benefits. Beneficiary 'success stories' have given credence to the land reform policy, and state officials have responded by continuing to provide support to the project that was the subject of this study.


On the basis of Lattice Boltzmann method,a dynamical model is proposed for the simulation of particle movement in vortex flows.In this model,a particle is treated as a rigid particle.By this method,we have simulated the movement of a particle starting to move from different positions in a vortex flow.The results show that the moving path of the particle appears to be a spiral and it always flows out from the export.If the particle is involved into the vortex,it will take a long time to flow out.


Cyclostationarity feature-based (C-FB) detection and classification is a large field of research that has promising applications to intelligent receiver design. Cyclostationarity FB classification and detection algorithms have been applied to a breadth of wireless communication signals – analog and digital alike. This thesis reports on an investigation of existing methods of extracting cyclostationarity features and then presents a novel robust solution that reduces SNR requirements, removes the pre-processing task of estimating occupied signal bandwidth, and can achieve classification rates comparable to those achieved by the traditional method while based on only 1/10 of the observation time. Additionally, this thesis documents the development of a novel low order consideration of the cyclostationarity present in Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) signals, which is more practical than using higher order cyclostationarity. Results are presented – through MATLAB simulation – that demonstrate the improvements enjoyed by FB classifiers and detectors when using robust methods of estimating cyclostationarity. Additionally, a MATLAB simulation of a CPM C-FB detector confirms that low order C-FB detection of CPM signals is possible. Finally, suggestions for further research and contribution are made at the conclusion of the thesis. This research was supported by a Bradley Fellowship from Virginia Tech's Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and made possible by an endowment from the Harry Lynde Bradley Foundation. iii Acknowledgements First and foremost, my sincerest gratitude and thanks go to my academic advisor Dr. Beex for his continuous support and encouragement throughout the entire research process. It has been a tremendous privilege to work under the guidance of such a talented professor. I am very thankful for all the time he has invested in seeing me succeed and could not have done this without him. I would also like to thank Dr. Meehan and Dr. Bose for their helpful contributions; it is always insightful to see my work from a new prospective. In addition to being wonderful committee members, they are both exceptional professors and have enriched my educational experience here at Virginia Tech. I would also like to thank Dr. Pendleton; her advice has helped me find clarity in times of stress. I am very thankful for the friends and family who have been there for me to share in the joys and frustrations of graduate school. I don't think I could tell them enough how much it has meant to me that they celebrate my successes. I'd like to thank my lab mates Areg, Arjun, and Roshin for their valuable encouragement and help. I'd especially like to thank my sisters: Christine for paving the road before me, Katherine for being a source of inspiration to me every day, and Julia, who has brought me such happiness. I'd like to thank Ben Hilburn for his love and support. He has always believed in me, and at times it has helped me believe in myself. I am eternally indebted to my dad – thank you for reading to me every night when I was young, taking me to the science museums on the weekends, and always being eager to share in my interests. I credit my curiosity and love of math and science to him. He has been the most important influence on my character, and I have looked up to him my whole life. He is my hero. iv


Systems consisting of multiple proxy servers are a popular solution to deal with performance and network resource utilization problems related to the growth of the Web numbers. After a first period of prevalent enthusiasm towards cooperating proxy servers, the research community is exploring in a more systematic way the real benefits and limitations of cooperative caching. Hierarchical cooperation has clearly shown its limits. We study the scalability of traditional protocols (e.g., directory-based, query-based) in flat architectures through different performance metrics and experiments using both synthetic workloads and traces. The synthetic workload is also used for sensitivity analysis with respect to various parameters while traces are used for validating our observations in a more realistic scenario. We show that ICP has a better hit rate than that of Cache Digests, but the latter has a much smaller overhead, thus making the choice between the two protocols a challenge depending on the providers' interest: if the hit rate is the most important parameter, you should certainly choose ICP, while if you are mostly concerned with keeping the overhead low, then your choice should go to Cache Digests. In any case, both protocols show scalability problems when applied to a large number of cooperating cache servers.


Free gas within the human body tends to increase in volume when a person ascends in altitude and to decrease in volume when the atmospheric pressure is increased. This is in accordance with Boyle's law, which states that the volume occupied by a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure exerted on it (figs. 1, 2 and 3). Gas enclosed within a body cavity is under pressure of the external atmosphere, but this pressure can be modified significantly by the elastic properties of the walls of the enclosing organ and by pressure of surrounding structures. Those body cavities which communicate with the external atmosphere, such as the paranasal sinuses, are capable of equalizing pressure changes, provided the ostiums are not obstructed, but such equilization is not possible within the cavity of a closed pneumothorax. These changes occur at comparatively low altitudes; for example, 1,000 cc. of


A 58-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypercholesterolemia was referred to our department for an erosive and crusty plaque of the right nipple in the last 2 months. There was no family history of breast cancer. Examination of the right breast revealed a crusty and erosive plaque of the right nipple areola complex (Fig. 1a). There were no signs of nipple retraction. There was no lymphadenopathy, and the left breast was normal. Dermoscopy of the right nipple was performed using Dermlite DL4 revealing white and yellow scales, ulceration, pink and white structureless areas, white shiny lines, and dotted vessels (Fig. 1b).


The content of varlous elements ln ores and concentrates can be determlned by selectlvely countlng the gamma actlvlty lnduced by alpha lrradlatlon. The method ls selectlve and rapld. Thus, ln determlnlng the content of fluorite (CaF/sub 2/) ln NaSTAAlSl/sub 3/O/sub 8/! (feldspar), the 1.24-Mev gamma -quanta of Ne , resultlng from the reactlon F/sup 19/( alpha ,p)Ne , ls selectlvely counted to glve the fluorite content. The content of fluorlte ln beryllium concentrates can be similarly determlned by countlng the 1.24-Mev gamma -quanta and the gammas havlng an energy >3.4 Mev, and then applylng a correctlon. Boron was determlned ln the presence of ascharite (MgHBO/ sub 3/) and dolomite by countlng the 2.3- and 3.8-Mev gammas from N/sup 13/ and C/ sup 13/ whlch are products of the reactlons B/sup 10/( alpha ,n)N/sup 13/ and B/ sup 10/( alpha ,p) C/sup 13/. All gamma -quanta havlng energles of <2 Mev were discriminated against. This method can also be used to determine the content of fluorlne and boron ln solutlons and alloys. (TTT)


Objectives: The study aimed to develop a scale for nurses employed at small- to medium-sized hospitals for evaluating the supportive behaviors of head nurses to meet their basic psychological needs and assess its validity and reliability. Methods: By employing the self-determination theory as the theoretical basis of this study, 59 tentative items were generated, and the main survey was conducted with 1,500 nurses to assess the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Subsequently, 40 nurses were reexamined for the assessment of interrater reliability. Results: The valid response rate in the main survey was 37.9%. As a result of an exploratory factor analysis, a scale consisting of 3 factors and 19 items was created. With Cronbach's α coefficient being .963, a confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit. The concurrent validity and the discriminant validity were r = .985 and r = –.624, and the relationship with the intention to continue working was confirmed. The valid response rate in the reexamination was 100%. Regarding interrater reliability, the valid response rate was 90% and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was W = .40–.62. The correlation coefficient and the weighted κ coefficient were r = .905 and .799, respectively. Conclusion: The scale displayed reasonably good reliability and validity.


Our interest in this paper is in the mapping properties of minimal Hausdorff spaces; some of the results will provide new characterizations of the classes of functionally compact and C-compact spaces. Of more than secondary interest, it may be the primary message of the paper, is the point of view adopted (and outlined in §2) in studying the "divisibility" of the highly nondivisible class of minimal Hausdorff spaces.


For rather general excellent schemes X, K. Kato defined complexes of GerstenBloch-Ogus type involving the Galois cohomology groups of all residue fields of X. For arithmetically interesting schemes, i.e., schemes over global or local fields, or over their rings of integers, he developed a web of conjectures on some of these complexes, generalizing the fundamental exact sequence of Brauer groups for a global field. He proved these conjectures for low dimensions. We prove Kato's conjecture (with infinite coefficients) over number fields. In particular it gives a Hasse principle for function fields F over a number field K, involving the corresponding function fields Fv over the completions Kv of K. We get a conditional result over global fields K of positive characteristic, assuming resolution of singularities. This is unconditional for dim(X) ≤ 3, due to recent results on resolution. There are also applications to other cases considered by Kato. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 14F20, 14G25, 11R34


ABSTRACT In this article, we establish the minimum-volume confidence sets for normal linear regression models, extending the results in Zhang [Minimum volume confidence sets for parameters of normal distributions. Adv Stat Anal. 2017;101:309–320] on building the minimum-volume confidence sets for parameters of normal distributions. Compared with classical confidence sets, the proposed optimal confidence set is proved to have the smallest volume, for whatever confidence level, sample size and sample data.


Each elementis consideredseparatelyin relation to needs of man and animals, the effects of deficiency, the chemical compounds of the element in the body and toxicity of excess. The treatmentin each case is very thorough and right up to date. The sectionson iron, iodine, copper and cobalt are particularly well done. Underwood and other Australian workers have been very much to the fore in researchesinto the trace elements. There is an adequate bibliography. This is a very well written book and of interestand value to all concernedwith human and animal nutrition.


The coastal meteorology of southeastern Alaska frequently consists of intense orographically enhanced winds. Inland cold pools develop as air cools over the interior and accelerates downs the terrain, resulting in strong winds manifested as gap and channel flows, and downslope windstorms depending on the location and synoptic situation. The latter are locally known as "Taku" windstorms (Dierking 1998; Colman and Dierking 1992; Bond et al. 2006). High wind events can extend from the inland waterways to the coast when a low pressure system over the Gulf of Alaska is combined with a high pressure system over northwestern Canada, producing an ambient pressure gradient conducive for accelerating the inland cold pools through the coastal mountain gaps (Colle et al. 2006). Furthermore, coastal gap outflows can then merge with ambient coastal barrier jets to form hybrid barrier jets (Loescher et al. 2006; Winstead et al. 2006). Strong turbulent mixing can occur at the confluent interface between the gap outflow and the ambient onshore flow (Olson et al. 2008). To our knowledge, there have been no detailed studies of the TKE within statically stable gap flows or hybrid barrier jets. The turbulent mixing within these jets will likely regulate their strength, structure, and duration. Accurate modeling of stable boundary layers within mesoscale models has been quite challenging, since commonly observed intermittent turbulence (Nappo 1991; Mahrt 1999, 1998; Howell and Sun 1997; Blumen et al. 2001) violates the assumption of steady-state theory. The ability of current and next-generation operational weather forecast models to simulate the formation of an inland cold pool, their subsequent contribution to coastal gap outflows, and their interaction with coastal barrier jets needs to be assessed. The Advanced Research version of the Weather Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) (Skamarock et al. 2008) has become host to several planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in the past few years. The testing and validation of these and older PBL schemes in the WRF-ARW is important because of the increased emphasis on the prediction of near-surface variables such as wind, ceiling and visibility, as well as the increasing use of WRF-ARW for operational forcasting. A TKE-based schemed called the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) (Nakanishi and Niino 2004) has recently been integrated into the WRFARW. This scheme has potential to help reduce some of the common biases associated with the Mellor-Yamada-Janjić (MYJ) (Janjić 2002) scheme, such as shallow PBL height and low temperature bias (Zhang and Zheng 2004). Model biases of both schemes are relatively unknown in regions of complex terrain and need to be identified and diagnosed in order to further system development. The case study chosen for analysis was taken from the Southeastern Alaskan Regional Jets (SARJET) experiment, which investigated the structures and physical processes of barrier jets along the coastal mountains near Juneau, Alaska (Winstead et al. 2006). This study investigates the performance of the WRF-ARW over the complex coastal orography of Alaska, with focus on the spatial and temporal structure of the hybrid barrier jet and TKE produced by two different TKE-based PBL scemes. The intent is to uncover the reasons why each scheme produces a different structural evolution. To do so, each component of the eddy diffusivity coefficient, Kφ,


American health care system is a typical market-based system.Its health care system is characterized by marketization,diversity,complexity and mixedness.Meanwhile,it is faced with such problems as dramatic increase in health expenditure,relative inefficiency and lack of equality.To solve these problems,its health care system is under constant reform.This paper firstly analyzes the problems in American health care system,then mainly introduces Clinton Administration's Health Care Reform Proposal in 1990s and Bush Administration's Reform Plans in early 21st century,and finally makes comments on these reforms.


Glomerular diseases are a common cause of chronic kidney disease in several low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC). Additionally, they represent up to 52% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Africa. Current guideline recommendations for the treatment of glomerular diseases may not always be applicable in LMIC due to various challenges related to disease diagnosis and the availability of medicines. A treatment approach that starts with disease diagnosis and proper use of adjuvant therapies mainly targeted at blood pressure and proteinuria reduction is an effective therapeutic option and is recommended for patients in LMIC with glomerular pathologies. The use of immunosuppressive therapies in adults with glomerular diseases should, as far as is possible, be guided by the histological diagnosis obtained through renal biopsy. Prednisone and cyclophosphamide still form the bulk of treatment for glomerular diseases in most countries. Due to the adverse effects associated with immunosuppression, prednisone and cyclophosphamide use must be carefully weighed against the risk of potential side effects, and there is a need for frequent monitoring to assess treatment efficacy, patient response, and adverse effects. It is not advisable to use immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., cyclosporine) that require monitoring of plasma levels in centres where such facilities are not available, given the possible associated nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an update on the treatment of common glomerular diseases and to highlight simple approaches to treatment in LMIC. Knowledge of guideline recommendations on the treatment of various glomerular diseases will provide important understanding on useful therapeutic approaches.


POSTER INFORMATION Poster abstracts will be accepted for review December 1, 1996-February 21, 1997. Abstract titles and content need not be specific to one of the broad session themes as outlined in the Preliminary Program included here. Abstracts relating to the session theme of a given day will be presented on that day. Abstracts not specific to the session themes will be presented on the day assigned them by the Abstract Manager. Every attempt will be made to assign posters for presentation on the day preferred by the author but, to balance the number of posters over the course of the meeting, TOS reserves the right to make the final assignments.s relating to the session theme of a given day will be presented on that day. Abstracts not specific to the session themes will be presented on the day assigned them by the Abstract Manager. Every attempt will be made to assign posters for presentation on the day preferred by the author but, to balance the number of posters over the course of the meeting, TOS reserves the right to make the final assignments. All submitted abstracts will be reviewed by the Program Chair. Abstract acceptance notices will be issued no later than March 7. Every effort will be made to issue early notifications of poster acceptance to those who submit abstracts in advance of the deadline.


Public knowledge of self-medication is crucial, and one of the challenges faced is the lack of awareness regarding this practice. Irrational self-medication can lead to harmful consequences, such as incorrect treatment due to inaccurate self-diagnosis. Contributing factors include biased drug advertisements in the media and inadequate information from healthcare professionals. Community engagement is one of the collaborative sharing programs initiated by the Government, known as the Gema Cermat (Smart Community Using Medicines Movement), which includes the promotion tagline "Ask 5 O." This community engagement program aims to enhance the independence of the public in selecting, obtaining, using, storing, and disposing of drugs appropriately, thus promoting rational drug use within society. The target audience for this program was the teenage group of Sekaa Teruna Teruni Panji Semerang in Banjar Sembung Meranggi, Sembung Gede Village, Bali. The results of this community engagement program demonstrated a significant change in participants' knowledge, as assessed through pre- and post-survey questionnaires analyzed using paired T-Test, showing a p-value of 0.000 < 0.005. The findings highlight the beneficial impact of the Gema Cermat program in improving participants' knowledge. Going forward, it is recommended to conduct more frequent community engagement activities across various segments of society to support rational drug use.


Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may account for nearly 50% of patients seen by a gastroenterologist.' Many of these will have the classical 'painful variant' of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which Thompson has defined as the presence of abdominal pain and altered bowel habit (constipation or diarrhoea or both in alternation) in the absence of positive findings on physical investigation.2 Six cardinal symptoms have been identified: abdominal pain relieved by bowel action, more frequent or looser stools with the onset of pain, visible abdominal distension, the rectal passage of mucus and a sensation of incomplete evacuation of the rectum after defaecation.3 The finding of clusters of these symptoms in two independent groups of women drawn from the community supports the existence of IBS as a distinct syndrome.4 Questionnaires administered to healthy subjects have indicated that approximately 15% have symptoms compatible with IBS and that many of these had never consulted a doctor for their bowel complaints.5 6 This suggests that psychological and sociocultural factors play an important part in the help-seeking behaviour of some patients with IBS.


In this paper recent developments of RF front-end system based on the active integrated antenna design concepts are presented. Thanks to the enhancements in the design of special antennas working as radiator as well as providing the other circuit functionalities, the antenna-integrated RF front ends have been capable of improving the circuit-efficiency and compactness. These enhancements are illustrated in this paper with an AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier for a transmitting system and a rectenna for a receiving system.


ship and cause of death in Rochester, Minnesota, 19401970. Diabetes 25:566-73, 1976 6. Ochi JW, Melton J, Palumbo P, Che C-P: A populationbased study of diabetes mortality. Diabetes Care 8:22429, 1985 7. Gittlesohn A, Senning J: Studies on the reliability of vital and health records. I. Comparison of cause of death and hospital record diagnosis. Am j Public Health 69:68089, 1979 8. Fuller JH, Elford J, Goldblatt P, Adelstein AM: Diabetes mortality: new light on an underestimated public health problem. Diabetologia 24:336-41, 1983 9. Dupree EA, Meyer MB: The role of risk factors in complications of diabetes mellitus. Am I Epidemiol 112:10012, 1980 10. Jarrett RJ, Colwell L: Pathologists not told about diabetes. Lancet 1:863-64, 1982 11. Bender AP, Sprafka JM, Jagger HG, Muckala KH, Martin CP, Edwards TR: Incidence, prevalence and mortality of diabetes mellitus in Wadena, Marshall, and Grand Rapids, Minnesota: the three-city study. Diabetes Care 9:34350, 1986 12. Rytter L, Troelsen S, Beck-Nielsen H: Prevalence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 8:230-34, 1985


ABSTRACT This study establishes how tourism and hospitality businesses in Vietnam developed organizational resilience to survive the first wave of the Covid-19 crises. With employees acknowledged as a critical dimension in tourism and hospitality services, the study focused on how human resources (HR) practices were adopted to develop organizational resilience during the crisis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 tourism and hospitality managers during Vietnam's lockdown. The findings reveal valuable HR resilience-building practices that these businesses implemented before, during and after the lockdown. The results contribute to our understanding of how HR practices can sustain the tourism workforce and enhance organizational resilience in the face of a global pandemic.


The article represents the results of the research work devoted to the influence of technological aspects in graph-geometrical training on the formation of a system projecting thinking of students. The research resulted in the establishment and evidence of an important role of technological knowledge and skills in the improvement of the quality of specialists' graph-geometrical training in technical universities.


The role of ozone in the reactive coevaporation of the lead zirconate titanate thin film was investigated by depositing films at various growth rates with various ozone fluxes or molecular oxygen fluxes on unheated substrates and then crystallizing them using rapid thermal annealing. The oxidation state of lead in the as-deposited film was determined from the ratio of the ozone to the total metal fluxes. The amount of atomic oxygen supplied to the surface of the film was at least 10^3 times larger when the deposition was done using ozone rather than molecular oxygen. When the ozone flux was more than one-third of the total metal flux, well-oxidized films were obtained. To ensure obtaining well-oxidized film, the ozone flax should be more than twice as much.


The Java Sea is one of the busiest ship traffic both of domestic and international shipping and potential marine accident is quite high. It is about 43.6% of marine accidents is caused by natural factor. There are two point in this research. Point 1 at latitude 5° 55'29.03" S longitude 110°51'42.88" E and point 2 at latitude 4°39'41.99" S longitude 109°10'7.15" E. Design predictor of significant wave height is using Artificial Neural Network with backpropagation algorithm. The predictor consists of three inputs. They are significant wave height (m); wind speed (m/s) and wind direction (degree). Architecture of Artificial Neural Network is point 1 [3, 6, 1] dan point 2 [3, 3, 1]. The result RMSE in this prediction are point 1 0.006 m; point 2 0.075 m.


Introduction. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are one of the most cultivated mushrooms in Russia. Oyster mushroom sauce has a greater potential for public catering when used in processed state as a semi-finished paste. The research objective was to develop a technology of hot and cold mushroom sauces based on paste-like semi-finished product from cultivated oyster mushrooms.
Results and discussion. A rational technology for processing oyster mushrooms into a semi-finished paste included simultaneous grinding and heat-treatment of mushroom stipes. Fine powders of dried white mushrooms and chanterelles, which are also called mushroom salts, were used as a flavoring additive, including some other ingredients according to the formulations. The sauce formulations were composed using linear programming mathematical modelling method to obtain products with certain sensory characteristics and minimal energy value. The calculated formulations were used to prepare hot and cold sauce samples, which received high scores during sensory evaluation. The results of rheological evaluation showed that the concentration of the paste was rational in the range from 30% to 50% depending on the desired consistency of the sauce. For sauce samples, nutritional and energetic value was calculated based on the average daily requirements.
Conclusion. The developed technologies and formulations of mushroom sauces based on paste-like semi-finished product from oyster mushroom can widely improve the range of mushroom sauces on consumer market and diversify the taste of different kinds of public catering products.


In this work, we study the very weak solution for the stationary exterior Stokes problem with Navier slip boundary condition. We try to investigate some results of the existence and the uniqueness of solutions related to this problem in an exterior domain in Lp$$ {L}^p $$ ‐theory where 1


Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an extrinsic allergic alveolitis characterized by inflammation of the interstitium, bronchioles, and alveoli of the lung that leads to granuloma formation and ultimately irreversible fibrosis. Previous studies found that exposure to HP inciting antigen S. rectivirgula(SR) leads to the activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in the mouse lung in vivoand that PKD1 contributes to the acute pulmonary inflammation, IL-17A expression in the lungs, and development of HP caused by repeated exposure to SR. In the present study, we investigated whether PKD1 in myeloid cells affects the pathogenic course of the SR-induced HP. Compared to control PKD1-sufficient mice, mice with deficiency of PKD1 in myeloid cells (PKD1mKO) showed significantly suppressed expression of IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 and neutrophilic alveolitis after single intranasal exposure to SR. Substantially reduced levels of alveolitis and granuloma formation were observed in the PKD1mKO mice repeatedly exposed to SR. Surface expression of MHC-II and CD86 on myeloid cells, and expression of IFNγ, IL-17A, CCL20, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in lungs were significantly reduced in the PKD1mKO mice repeatedly exposed to SR. In addition, surface expression of CD69, CXCR3, and CCR6 on CD4 T cells and frequency of IFNγ +IL-17A +CD4 T cells in the lungs were significantly reduced in PKD1mKO mice repeatedly exposed to SR. Our results demonstrate PKD1 in myeloid lineage cells plays an essential role in the initial proinflammatory responses and neutrophil influx in the lung after exposed to SR and contributes to the development of IFNγ +IL-17A +CD4 T cells and HP caused by repeated exposure to SR.
 Supported by grants from NIH (R01 AR064723, R01 AR069010) and UTHSC.


The invention relates to tonnage package container, comprising a rectangular container body. The top of the tonnage package container is provided with an opening, the bottom of the tonnage package container is provided with a liquid outlet, and the four side walls of the container body are provided with a plurality of vertical grooves. The four corners on the container body are formed by the tangential transition of the circular arcs of the bottoms of adjacent grooves. The four corners of the containers retract inwards and form gaps with the four corners of a tonnage package frame so as to better control the thickness of the wall of the body of the tonnage package container during blowing and molding and ensure the uniformity of the thickness. The tonnage package container has the advantages of high strength and long service life; and all the liquid in the tonnage package container can be drained.


The present embodiments provide an sTTI setting method for an sPUSCH in a short TTI frame structure and a specific operating method for an sPUSCH based on a shared DM-RS and, particularly, provides a method by which a shared DM-RS within an SPUSCH is allocated only to a specific symbol included in a partial sTTI and is used in all sPUSCHs within a legacy TTI (=1 ms).


This study presents geological, mineralogical, and gemological characteristics of gemstone deposit (silica and carbonate minerals) that occur in Mesozoic Fruška gora ultramafites in the vicinity of Hopovo Monastery. The host rock for gemstone is altered serpentinite outcropping along Lipov Potok creek in the zone approximately 300 m wide and 600 m long. Gemstone ore bodies occur in the form of single veins and as system of parallel and intersected veins. Gemstone varieties are presented with agate, chalcedony, quartz, and carbonate minerals often forming parallel bands (carbonate onyx). Gem minerals from this occurrence are best processed in the cabochon form adequately emphasizing their natural properties - transparency, color, pattern etc.


Large disturbances were noted in the stratospheric aerosol content in the midlatitude northern hemisphere commencing about 7 months after the eruption of La Soufriere and less than 1 month after the eruption of Sierra Negra. The aerosol was characterized by a very steep size distribution in the 0.15 to 0.25 µm radius range and contained a volatile component. Measurements near the equator and at the South Pole indicate that the disturbance was widespread. These observations were made before the May 18 eruption of Mt. St. Helens.


"There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment. How often, or on what system, the Thought Police plugged in on any individual wire was guesswork. It was even conceivable that they watched everybody all the time.But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. You had to live — did live, from habit that became instinct — in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard, and except in darkness, every movement scrutinized."


Generating Sentiment Token Dataset Based on Electronics Brand Instagram Account using K-Nearest Neighbors. Instagram is currently one of the most popular social media platforms for businesses and brand owners to promote their products. Because Instagram is a two-way communication platform, people can respond to any promotional content posted on Instagram. People's reactions come in a variety of form, and frequently include both positive and negative sentiment. This study aims to identify the words used in one type of sentiment, then use the K-NN approach to construct a token dataset by summarizing the phrases in many labels according to the sentiment type. The total accuracy value of the dataset for K = 1 is 33.38% (positive), 59.96% (negative), and 56.60% (neutral) based on the results of the tests performed.


We perform a statistical analysis with the prospective results of future experiments on neutrino-less double beta decay, direct searches for neutrino mass (KATRIN) and cosmological observations. Realistic errors are used and the nuclear matrix element uncertainty for neutrinoless double beta decay is also taken into account. Three benchmark scenarios are introduced, corresponding to quasi-degenerate, inverse hierarchical neutrinos, and an intermediate case. We investigate to what extend these scenarios can be reconstructed. Furthermore, we check the compatibility of the scenarios with the claimed evidence of neutrino-less double beta decay. Introduction. – Neutrino mass and lepton mixing represent an unambiguous proof that the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles is incomplete. Various experiments with solar [1], atmospheric [2] and man-made [3,4] neutrino sources imply non-trivial lepton mixing angles, as well as non-zero and non-degenerate neutrino masses. Their values are extremely suppressed with respect to the masses of the other (electrically charged) fermions of the SM. Basically all mechanisms to incorporate massive neutrinos explain the smallness of their masses through a suppression with a heavy mass scale. The neutrino mass scale is typically inversely proportional to the scale of its origin, which in turn exceeds directly testable energies by many orders of magnitude. The most prominent and plausible scenario is provided by the see-saw mechanism [5]. In addition, lepton number violation is predicted by almost all those mechanisms: neutrinos are Majorana particles. Possible phenomenological consequences of lepton number violation are the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe [6] or, at low energies, neutrino-less double beta decay (0νββ) [7]. This decay of certain nuclei, (A, Z) → (A, Z + 2) + 2 e, which has not yet been observed, clearly violates lepton number by two units, and is intensively searched for [7]. We will assume here that light Majorana neutrinos are exchanged in the diagram responsible for 0νββ. In this case, the amplitude for this process is proportional to the coherent sum


Utilization of advanced materials in civil engineering motivates research in both experimental and computational methods of reliable identification of their material characteristics, as e.g. the thermal conductivity and diffusivity in semilinear evolutionary equations of heat conduction, coming from the energy balance in classical thermodynamics, or the capillary transfer coefficient in similar equations, coming from the mass balance. The paper presents mathematical preliminaries of such inverse analysis and an overview of computational approaches with references to practical applications.


Objective To understand the knowledge of complications of diabetes mellitus(DM)among diabetics and provide with bases for perfecting the health education for diabetics.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 535 patients in a general hospital.ResultsThe knowledge of complications of DM after the disease occurrence was higher than that of before the disease occurrence.But the increase of knowledge was not enough to meet the demands of diabetics patients.ConclusionThe result provides with the basis for strengthening the health education of diabetics and has significant meaning for preventing the development of DM and control its negative influence on patients' health.


From September 1870 to February 1871, the Prussian army's siege of Paris resulted in a harsh famine. Using original data from vital records and military registers, we investigate the impact of the siege in terms of both mortality and the height stature of survivors in one of the poorest areas of the city. We first estimate that deaths more than doubled at all ages during the 6-month siege and that child mortality rates increased by more than 25% (10 percentage points) for children born in 1869 or 1870. Second, we find little impact of famine on the height of individuals less than 5 years old during the siege, but a rather large deficit exists at ages 6 to 10. After having examined selection effects linked to mortality, fertility and migration, we argue that the siege was short-lived enough that many early-age survivors were able to catch up in stature.


PURPOSE: A method and a system for testing/analyzing a real-time embedded software component are provided to generate a source analyzer, a test script generator, and a test driver generator targeted on the C/C++ language, and generate a source inserter, an analysis library, and a result analyzer targeted on the C/C++ language for the real-time analysis. CONSTITUTION: When a generated test harness is executed on a target system, the raw data of a test result is uploaded to a corresponding channel in real-time. A real-time monitor module captures/transmits the uploaded raw data to a report generator. An execution controller sets an SCI(Source Code Insertion) level and a test procedure considering availability and expandability. The report generator converts the raw data obtained as the test result into the information understandable to a developer or a user such as the SQA(Softer Quality Assurance).


The invention discloses a processing technology for a rear axle drive bevel gear which is characterized by including steps of selecting raw materials, forging a blank, normalizing, turning, cutting a gear, chamfering, rolling a spline, carburizing and quenching, tempering, blasting shots, straightening, annealing, finely turning an outer circle, threading, milling a locking groove, cleaning a thread, finely grinding an outer circle, roughly matching, shaving the gear, finely matching and rinsing, and obtaining a finished product after rinsing the a workpiece. By the processing technology, machining precision of threads of the rear axle drive bevel gear is improved and reaches a grade of H6; quenching to harden the carbon layer is totally omitted through machining after heat treatment; hardness of a product surface and a core is reduced after annealing, internal pressure of the gear is eliminated, and a metallographic structure of the core of the gear is improved; the processing technology for the gear axle drive bevel gear is high in precision, and requirements of assembling is favorably achieved; service life of the gear axle drive bevel gear is prolonged.


The paper presents treatment outcomes of 36 with radiation-induced pelvic injuries caused by brachitherapy (9 patients) and combination treatment including brachitherapy and external beam radiation therapy (27 patients) for prostate cancer. Radiation-induced rectitis was revealed in 27 patients and complications of the urinary tract after radiation treatment were noted in 12 patients. Potency failure was observed in 97 % of cases. All patients received conservative treatment and 18 of these patients underwent surgery after inefficient conservative treatment. The frequency of post-radiation complications was found to be less after brachitherapy than after combination treatment using brachitherapy and external beam radiation.


A landmark stake in the KMTC container terminal sets the stage for closer links between traditional rivals, writes Angela Yu.


When it comes to updating records and other administrative tasks, pencils and paper are rapidly being replaced by smartphones and tablets. But in order to get the most out of new technologies you need to choose the right software


Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) technology can be applied to contaminated groundwater remediation. It is necessary to select adequate reactive material according to contaminant characterization. In groundwater. In this research, the reaction between reactive material and heavy metal contaminants was estimated through batch test. Reactive material was slag, which has been produced in Gwangyang power plant, and heavy metal contaminants were cadmium, lead and copper. Batch test consisted of two testes: 1) sorption equilibrium test and 2) sorption kinetic test. Sorption equilibrium test was performed for estimating slag sorption capacity against contaminants. And sorption kinetic test was performed for slag sorption rate with contaminants species, contaminants initial concentration and sulfate. Sorption capacity and sorption rate were affected by contaminant species. Sorption rate increased with increasing initial concentration in lead and copper but decreased with increasing initial concentration in cadmium. Sorption rate increased in existing sulfate. In low concentration, film diffusion was domain mechanism, and in high concentration, particle diffusion was domain mechanism.


Dynamic assessment is commonly viewed as an approach which integrates both teaching and assessment activities at the same time, and is generally classified into two categories: interventionist and interactionist. While interventionist approach is used in computer-based assessment and is well adapted to large-scale assessment, the interactionist approach is said to be more in line with Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development, mostly with regards to its qualitative orientation, where the aim of the individualised tutoring is to address learners' issues in a highly flexible way. Following a brief presentation of the main approaches to dynamic assessment, this paper proposes a web-based application based on interventionist as well as interactionist approaches in order to assess unrestricted written language of learners of French. Based on a preliminary use of this web-based application, strengths and limitations of this workin-progress are discussed.


A simple double-blind ESP experiment was performed, using an experimental device that contained four small round containers. Overall 22 participants contributed 40 trials each. The experimental task was to guess a number between 0 and 9 that was written on a piece of paper placed in the test containers. Two of the four containers were prepared as concave mirrors by means of aluminium foil, and participants could directly connect via hand electrodes to little bifilar coils placed in the concave mirrors. The other two containers were sham devices made of cardboard not otherwise connected to electrodes. Each participant conducted 20 trials with the concave mirrors and 20 with the sham device. Also in half of the 40 trials, participants were informed whether they were connected to a concave mirror or whether the target was placed in one of the sham devices ('open'). In the other half of the trials this information was not available ('covert'). Overall 100 hits were obtained in 880 trials. This resulted in a hit rate of 11.4% compared to a mean chance expectation of 10%. The resulting p-value is not significant (p=.18). Also there were no significant deviations from chance under the various experimental conditions 'concave mirrors' (12.5%, p=.08), 'sham device' (10.2%, p=.87) and, respectively, 'open' (11.6%, p=.27) and 'covert' (11.1% p=.43). Also, if experimental conditions were directly tested against each other no significant p-values were found (concave mirror vs. sham device p=.26; open vs. covert p=.82). In the exploratory assessment of the four combined experimental conditions a significant hit rate was found for one of the combinations ('concave mirror' and 'open', 15.0%, p=.01). In conclusion, the experiment did not show any evidence for ESP. Regarding the exploratory finding a confirmatory assessment in a replication experiment with improved methodology will be the logical next step. The experimental set-up and procedures showed some minor methodological shortcomings that are discussed. Overall the experimental approach taken here can be considered adequate and thus the result obtained can be seen as a valid statement about the hypotheses assessed.


Changrolin is a new anti-arrhythmic drug. Its effects on the contractility and excitability as well as its interaction with nicotinamide or CaCl2 were studied on isolated cat papillary muscles driven by electrical stimuli. The cumulative concentration of changrolin 3,6 and 12μg/ml decreased the amplitude of contractions of papillary muscle by 21±10, 38±11 and 51±11%, respectively. This negative inotropic effect was completely antagonized by nicotinamide (4.8 mg/ml) and isoproterenol (0.2μg/ml). The combination of changrolin and CaCl2 produced intermittent or even complete cessations of papillary muscle contractions which were restored by increasing the intensity of stimulation(V). Changrolin 6μg/ml caused the intensity-duration curve shifting upward, and CaCl2 or nicotinamide enhanced this effect. It was suggested that nicotinamide or CaCl2 potentiated the inhibitory effect of changrolin on excitability of papillary muscle.


This paper proposes a novel online tracking, waveform recovery, and detection algorithm for wideband array signal processing. The proposed method extends the wideband data model developed in [1] to the online case through use of particle filters. This proposed method finds application in various areas of telecommunications, including radar, sonar, and other wireless communication problems, where locating moving targets and extracting the waveforms for classification are needed. The proposed method first detects the number of unknown wideband sources using a hypothesis testing procedure, followed by the sequential estimation of the DOAs of these identified sources, and the extraction of the waveform of these sources, using a particle filter. Computer simulations demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect the time-varying number of sources in different scenarios as time progresses. The results also show that the DOA trajectories of the identified sources are well tracked and their signal waveforms are also well restored. Finally, the posterior Cramér-Rao bound (PCRB) [2] is also presented to demonstrate that the estimates by the proposed method lie consistently within the bound.


Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008, to investigate the effectiveness of biofertilizer treatment i.e., plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria species (Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chrococcum, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), chemical fertilizer and their combination on four barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars. These cultivars showed a characteristic response under different fertilizer treatments. In general, 'Sahrawy' and 'KSU 101' produced the highest grain yield. 'KSU 101' gave the highest harvest index (43.3%) in the second season. Also, 'KSU 102' and 'KSU 101' had more grains per spike. The application of nitrogen alone (at 200 kg N ha) and biofertilizer treatment (a mixture of three growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria) significantly increased grain yield and grains per spike of all four barley cultivars. SSR markers for the amplification of dehydrin genes revealed the presence of two dehydrin genes (HVDHN7 and HVDHN9). 'Sahrawy' had homologous dehydrin genes and produced higher grain yield. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The control of tuberculosis in industry has now become a real possibility with the development and practical application of inexpensive mass radiography. Standard x-ray procedure with 14 by 17 inch films, unanimously considered the most accurate method for the detection of lesions characteristic of early pulmonary tuberculosis, has been too costly in material and personnel for use on a large scale. Cheaper and more widely applicable technics have long been needed and have finally been provided through the use of rapid film methods, 35 mm., 4 by 5 inch celluloid films and 14 by 17 inch paper films. Extensive use of the small film technic by the armed forces has at last enabled x-ray examination to assume the role it deserves as a weapon in the fight against tuberculosis. Now the work must be extended on a grand scale among industrial workers and their families. Tuberculosis strikes down the very


The paper analyzed advantages and disadvantages of existing acquisition modes of mine energy data of RS485 bus,GPRS and WiFi,and advised taking new data acquisition methods to improve correctness and real-time performance.It gave whole structure of an integrated acquisition system of energy data,which can acquire energy data through wired mode,wireless mode or manual mode according to actual status of mine,and proposed a scheme of adopting Modbus serial communication protocol and ZigBee wireless communication protocol in the system to improve stability of data acquisition on the basis of integrated utilization of industrial Ethernet and existing data acquisition modes.Finally it introduced hardware structure of concentrator,which has multiple data interfaces to connect with other devices for effect transmission of energy data.


Objective:To study the combination effect of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides on the formation of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in vitro.Methods:The modified plate culture method was used to establish biofilm model in vitro with which the morphology of PAO1 biofilms were observed by argentation (ARG) after treated with different dosages of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides.PAO1 biofilms were analyzed by computer image analysis system.Results:ARG of PAO1 biofilms show that cluster bacilli surrounded by dense black stained substance.The restraining effect on the formation of biofilm of combination groups were more than that of non-combination groups.Dense black stained substance of combination groups were fewer than non-combination groups'.The computer image analysis system showed that the average optical value of combination groups were significantly lower than non-combination groups(P0.05).Conclusions:There were obvious differences between combination of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides groups and non-combination groups in the formation of PA biofilm.Synergistic action of fosfomycin to aminoglycosides is verified.


In this paper,the structure,operating principle and design method of 10 kV SVQC reactive power compensation and voltage optimization complete device in substation are briefly analyzed.Such device is compared with reactive power compensation device of conventional capacitor in the aspects of investment cost and economic efficiency,and operation result of the device is verified.


From a Faddeev calculation for the π−(Δρ)N5/2−(1675) system we propose an alternative interpretation of Δ5/2+ (2000) (☆☆)as composed of two distinctive resonances, Δ5/2+(∼1740) and Δ5/2+(∼2200). This proposal gets further support from the possible assignment of other baryon states found in the I = 1/2,3/2 sectors with JP = 1/2+,3/2+,5/2+ to known baryonic resonances. In particular, Δ1/2+ (1750) (☆) is naturally interpreted as a πN1/2− (1650) bound state.


On the basis of research of P2P technology,this paper puts forword communication model of campus network class teaching system based on P2P technology.The model uses IP layer multicast and P2P communication to establish point-to-point video and audio frequency and exchange of text massage between teachers and students,and almong students the model brings network mode resources into play and strengthens the quality of real time of class teaching and reaches the effect of teaching on the spot.


As a country South Africa faces numerous socio-economic challenges, for instance high levels of poverty and unemployment particularly among people in previously disadvantaged areas (PDAs). In order to overcome these and other challenges the South African government identified small businesses as possible solutions. These businesses are considered to be 'engines of economic growth' and job creators. For this reason government and the civil society (Non Profit Organisations) started utilising the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide various types of wider reaching electronic support (e-support) to them. However, in spite of the availability of this e-support, small businesses nationally, especially in previously disadvantages areas (PDAs), where they are needed most, are frequently failing. A number of studies into this failure suggest that inter alia the business owners, managers and employees are not using the provided esupport. This was found to be largely due to the insufficient ICT-related skills (e-skills). It was, thus, necessary to further investigate the influence of e-skills or lack thereof on the use of the support. The findings of this study support the premise that different levels of e-skills among the business owners and managers either promote or discourage the use of any sort of e-support. The study also highlighted other factors such as a lack of information and ICT access, which negatively influence the use of e-support. It is envisaged that the recommendations of this study will help small business, civil society organisations and government agencies to understand which e-skill are necessary if e-support that is coming from government or NPOs is to be effectively utilised.


A patient presents to urgent care with the symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The urinalysis is consistent with infection, and the urine culture is sent to lab. In the interim, a physician prescribes empiric treatment, and sends the patient home. Two days later, the culture is positive for E. coli, resistant to the drug prescribed (Ciprofloxacin, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 64 μg/ml), but attempts to contact the patient (by telephone) are not successful. The patient returns the call two weeks later to say that the infection resolved without sequelae. Discussion Many clinicians have the experience of treatment success in the setting of known antibiotic resistance, and, conversely, treatment failure in the setting of known sensitivity. Such anomalies and empiric research described here forces us to revisit assumptions about the relationship between in vivo and in vitro drug responses. When it comes to the utility of microbiology cultures, other writers have questioned cost effectiveness and yield (1). Though it is considered a quality measure by some groups in the United States, routine blood cultures seldom change antibiotic choice (3.6%) in patients who present to the emergency room with the clinical and radiographic signs of pneumonia (2) The objection here is different, but fundamental. Even when culture sensitivities suggest we should change antibiotics, what empirical evidence is there that such changes are warranted? It is by no means a novel doubt. In 1963, at the dawn of in vitro sensitivity techniques, one group questioned their utility to predict clinical outcomes:


This paper presents a novel noise shaping SAR architecture that is simple, robust and low power. It is fully passive and only needs minor modification to a conventional SAR ADC. Through a passive integrator, quantization noise, comparator noise and DAC noise are shaped with a noise transfer function of (1 - 0.75z-1). Unlike conventional multi-bit delta-sigma ADCs, both the noise transfer function and the error transfer function of DAC mismatches are immune to process-voltage-temperature variations. A prototype chip is fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process. At 1.2V and 2MS/s, the chip consumes 61μW power. SNDR increases by 6dB and the Schreier FoM increases by 3dB with OSR doubled. At an OSR of 8, SNDR is 74dB and the Schreier FoM is 167dB.


of products aimed to prevent cancer. In the fruit and vegetable sector broccoli leaves and stalks, and tomato peel are examples of by-products to be re-evaluated for the presence of glucosinolates, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lycopene,