Decay on mango (Mangifera indica) fruit mostly derived from a fungal disease which was caused by anthracnose invasion and infestation. The falling quality of mango fruit during postharvest preservation was commonly associated with weight loss, softening, vitamin C degradation and decay. This research evaluated the synergistic effect of methyl cellulose (MC) and carvacrol (Car) in the preparation of the edible coating on the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of mango fruit during 28 days of storage at 18°C. Five groups of coating treatments were prepared as follows: A (4% MC), B (4% MC + 0.5% Car), C (4% MC + 0.75% Car), D (4% MC + 1.0% Car), E (4% MC + 1.25% Car). These coating solutions were set 40°C for mango dipping. Mango fruits were individually dipped in the respected MC-Car solutions for 15 s and left out to air-condition for 30 min to create the coating film. These mango fruits were then kept at 18°C for 28 days. In 7 day-interval, experimental fruits were sampled to estimate weight loss, firmness, ascorbic acid content, decay index. Mango fruit pre-coated by 4% MC + 1.0% Car showed the least weight loss (1.61±0.03 %) and decay index (2.19±0.03 mark) while the highest retention of firmness (47.13±0.23 N) and ascorbic acid (25.60±0.13 mg/100 g) at the end of 28 days of storage. Results showed that incorporation of 1.0% carvacrol into 4% methyl cellulose-based edible coating would extend the shelf-life of mango fruit for 28 days of preservation. The edible coating would be a promising and green alternative with minimal environmental pollution.


To the Editor : Wolfram syndrome (WS), also known as DIDMOAD, is a rare genetic disorder related to the WFS1 gene, located on chromosome 4p16.1. Diagnosed by the presence of non-immunogenic diabetes mellitus and a progressive atrophy of the optic nerve, patients with WS may also show central diabetes insipidus, sensory neural hearing loss (1), neurodegenerative signs (2, 3), endocrine problems (3, 4), and psychological complications (5). Detecting mutations is important with regard to genetic counseling (6), and early treatment of WS (7). Here, we present a report of the first molecular-based study on WS in the Iranian population. Seven WS patients (three females and four males), aged 16–35, entered the study based on the presence of diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence with optic nerve atrophy. In Table 1, a summary of their clinical and laboratory findings is shown. Blood samples were collected from patients and all available family members after obtaining informed consents. In the extracted DNA from cases and several normal control subjects, WFS1 gene exon 8 [location of most causative changes (8)] was screened for mutations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by direct sequencing was used and both DNA strands were included. The gene product (wolframin) sequence was used to translate the detected mutation to protein level, with the help of the ExPASy Proteomics Server (http://www.expasy.ch/tools/dna.html). Mutations found believed to be possibly related with the patient's condition are shown in Table 1. Seven common polymorphisms were also detected. These included c.1185 C>T, c.2433 G>A, c.2565 A>G (neutral), c.997 A>G (I332V), c.1762 T>G (W588G), c.1832 G>A (H611R), and c.1963 G>A (E655K). Search in literature showed that some of these have been previously reported (Table 2) (9–15). Topology prediction of the HMMTOP server (http://www.enzim.hu/hmmtop) (16) was used as a model of wolframin. Nine transmembrane (TM) segments were predicted, which are in accordance with experimental data (17) (Fig. 1). c.2149 G>A resulting in missense mutation E717K was seen in all patients. Patient 1, bearing only this mutation, showed an early onset of diabetes mellitus, and appearance of four cardinal signs of WS until age 15. E717 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen (Fig. 1), where it is suggested to interact with the β1 subunit of sodium–potassium ATPase (SPA) as part of the C-terminal (amino acids 652–890). A glutamate to lysine mutation resulting in a charge reversal may affect this interaction. SPA insufficiency (e.g. in W700X mutants of wolframin) is related to neurodegenerative disease (18). Based on the rarity of its incidence in other populations (19, 20), it could be suggested that E717K would be a potential founder mutation of WS in the Iranian population, but this assumption needs to be tested on a higher number of patients. The siblings (patients 2–5) were found to show a quite similar clinical presentation, with light variations in the onset age of symptoms. All of them were also found to possess the same mutations. The principal one was c.1456 C>T resulting in the non-sense mutation Q486X, which causes truncation of the protein after the fifth TM segment (Fig. 1), leading to a non-functional protein. This makes the mutation c.2149 G>A only observable on the gene level. Patient 6 is the only one showing hypogonadism; in this patient, manifestations of WS had started at the age of 10, and all the DIDMOAD signs had appeared at age 15. Mutations c.1763 G>A leading to the non-sense mutation W588X and c.2051 C>G, which could potentially cause a missense mutation A684G, are both novel. W588X would cause a truncation in the protein just after the seventh TM segment, which is a possible cause of the severity of observed symptoms. It is also


In this paper it is proved that every T in the trace class operators, Cj , has a unique best approximant from A , the set of upper triangular matrices in Cj ; and that cx /A is weakly sequentially complete.


Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is increasingly used as a non-invasive clamp of the aorta after diverse post-traumatic injuries. Balloon inflation in zone 3 can be performed to stop on-going bleeding after severe pelvic trauma with life-threatening hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to describe our 20-year experience with REBOA use in terms of efficacy and safety in this indication. We performed a retrospective study from 1996 to 2017 in a French Level-I trauma center. All consecutive patients who underwent a REBOA procedure were included. REBOA indication relied on 1) extreme hemodynamic instability (systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) < 60 mmHg on admission, SBP < 90 mmHg despite initial resuscitation or post-traumatic cardiac arrest) and 2) positive pelvic X-ray. Efficacy endpoints were vital signs and coagulation parameters before and after balloon inflation. Safety endpoints were REBOA-related complications. Within the study period, 32 patients underwent a REBOA procedure. Nineteen patients did not survive at Day 28. REBOA significantly improved SBP from 60 [35-73] mmHg to 115 [91-128] mmHg (p<0.001). We reported a high rate of vascular complications (19%, n= 5 patients) but no amputation. Renal replacement therapy was initiated in eleven patients and fifteen patients had severe rhabdomyolysis. REBOA is safe and effective in improving hemodynamics after severe pelvic trauma and life-threatening hemorrhage. Our study supports the use of REBOA as a bridge to definitive hemostatic treatment after severe pelvic trauma.


ICD 10 has been in use since 2000-01.01 for coding diagnoses of outpatients and inpatients, especially for the purpose of standardizing medical fees. The question continually arises how the coding should be applied to diagnostic approaches of varying depth and whether two doctors arrive at the same diagnosis for one particular patient. Hence, the SESAM study investigated the degree of this agreement in case of permanent diagnoses by employing the principle of interrater reliability checking. For this purpose, 209 GP's resident in Saxony and Thuringia assessed the data of 8877 patients. They noted the reasons why the patients had consulted them in the patients' own words as well as the results of the consultation and the subsequent prescriptions. The same data were always coded simultaneously by two different investigators. The reliability was assessed by means of "kappa", which is a generally accepted measure of the reliability of a comparison. Taking one chapter heading of the diagnosis as basis, excellent agreement between the investigators was obtaioned (14 out of 20), kappa being greater than 0,61 when coding the permanent diagnoses, whereas with three diagnostic digits there was agreement between two headings and with four digits there was no agreement. Basing on the good agreement obtained when only one diagnostic terminology was employed, it was concluded that in primary care of a patient the use of one straightforward teminology is of greater advantage, whereas the rate of error increases when coding becomes more elaborate.


Purpose – Colonies of Actynomyces israelii bacteria have been found in removed copper intra‐uterine devices (IUD) used as a long‐term contraceptive method. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the biofilm developed under anaerobic conditions by Actynomyces israelii on IUD surface, and its influence in the copper corrosion processes.Design/methodology/approach – The dissolution of copper on the intra‐uterine cavity prevents conception because of the toxic effect of the ions released. Nevertheless, microbiological growths have been detected on the IUD devices retired after long periods of insertion. In order to know about the influence of the biofilm on the corrosion of copper, electrochemical, spectroscopic and surface analysis techniques were applied to study the phenomenon.Findings – A porous Actynomyces israelii biofilm was formed on the copper IUD surface. The bacteria colony had developed in an exopolimeric substrate, which protects it from the toxic effect of copper ions. The corrosion proces...


[5-aH]poly(uridylic) acid hybridises to nuclear DNA, suggesting the DNA contains poly (deoxyadenylic) acid sequences, These regions do not appear to be clustered in the DNA. Although the amount of DNA involved is small it is sufficient for thousands of sequences. Thermal dissociation of the hybrids shows that a relatively small number of hydrogen bonds is involved in each and it is concluded that these sequences are relatively short. In view of the fact that much longer poly(adenylie) acid sequences are found in plant RNA it is concluded that these arc added after transcription.


A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of varying dietary levels of protein on performance of Japanese quail chicks. Six iso-caloric (2953-3078 kcal/kg, ME) diets were formulated to contain crude protein (CP) at 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28% levels, respectively. Each of the dietary treatment was replicated three times with sixty (60) quail chicks per replicate. A total of 1080 day-old unsexed quail chicks were used for the study and distributed using completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 42 days during which data were collected. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein intake differ significantly (P<0.05) due to dietary treatments. Final live weight and cost per gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different across dietary treatments. Age at first egg and average weight of eggs at point of lay differed significantly (P<0.05) across dietary treatments. The haematological parameters (Total protein, haemoglobin, albumen and red blood cell) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary protein levels. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, prime cuts and the weight of major organs expressed as percentage of the live weight were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that Japanese quail chicks required up to 26% level of dietary protein for optimum performance.


In the financial crisis,China takes the lead in economic recovery.With orders of enterprises and labor demands increased,many migrant workers,however,do not return to the cities where they once worked,which causes "shortage of migrant workers" phenomenon.Based on the investigation of the migrant workers back home in Yandu district,the employment of migrant workers back home is analyzed in the paper.The surveys in the paper aim to provide basis for policy making when related departments of the government is faced with the issue of "panic of migrant workers" and "shortage of migrant workers".


This paper presents the mathematical models of static Kramer induction generator (SKIG) that greatly improves its performance to be competitor for wind energy and hydraulic power generation. First, the effect of imposing negative voltage vector to the rotor at super synchronous speed is examined. Statorflux orientation (SFO) at rotor unity power factor (UPF) mathematical model is presented. Two models of control strategies are proposed, the first is to control the imposed rotor voltage, thus an angular relationship between stator voltage and rotor voltage vectors over the operating speed range is established, which may be achieved by regulating the slip of the machine through the grid side converter (GSC) to fix the operating technique. The second one is to control the rotor current via GSC. GSC is a PWM Voltage Source Converter. A comparison between the two techniques is given and very good matching is obtained. Both control strategies can be achieved in terms of the GSC firing angle. In addition to the greatly improved power factor, the paper illustrates the availability of extending the operating speed range up to twice of the synchronous speed, however, the speed range must be limited by GSC ratings to achieve the slip recovery advantage of lowering the interfacing grid converter rating .In analogy the system may be applied for electric drives as well.


Objective . To determine the clinical and economic consequences of the drug mepolizumab in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA) and the ineff ectiveness of omalizumab. Methods . We conducted cost-eff ectiveness and budget impact analysis of the use of mepolizumab or omalizumab in omalizumab-refractory patients with SBA. Source of information about the eff ectiveness were the results of published clinical studies; the cost of drugs — maximum ex-works prices of manufacturers of vital and essential medicinal products and instructions for use of drugs; the cost of medical services — program of state guarantees of free medical assistance on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the coeffi cients of relative cost intensity for clinicalstatistical groups. Results . According to the results of a multicenter open study OSMO, the use of mepolizumab in patients with ineff ective omalizumab therapy led to a decrease in the frequency of clinically signifi cant exacerbations and exacerbations requiring hospitalization (1.18 and 0.19 cases / year, respectively) compared to 12 months before screening (3.26 and 0.63 events / year, respectively). Result of the cost analysis showed that switching to mepolizumab leads to signifi cant savings: the sum of direct medical costs was 865 217 and 1 666 401 RUB per patient per year, respectively. Budget impact analysis demonstrated savings in the CHI system in the treatment with mepolizumab within the analyzed cohort of patients (n=18) by 2.8 million rubles in the fi rst year and 12.7 million rubles in 5 years. Analysis of «missed opportunities» showed that the use of mepolizumab can allow to treat an additional 3 people for 1 year of therapy and 15 people for fi ve years of implementation of the analyzed drug. Conclusion . The use of mepolizumab in patients with SBA resistant to omalizumab, will reduce budget costs and will increase the eff ectiveness of treatment.


Objective To study the application of virtual reality bronchoscopy stimulation in novice trainees.Methods Four novice bronchoscopists entered the training program by using a VR bronchoscopy in the clinical skill center.After the program,the dexterity,speed,and accuracy of all the four doctors were tested using the virtual simulation models.Results were compared to four skilled physicians as control group who had performed at least 50 bronchoscopies.Before-training and after-training test scores were compared using paired t tests.For comparisons between after-training novice and skilled physician scores,unpaired two-sample t tests were used.Results All of the four trainees finished the training program.The novices significantly improved their dexterity,speed and accuracy.The percentage of observed segments increased from(74.0±5.1)% to(89.3±4.0)%.The number of contacts with the bronchial wall decreased from 87.5±13.2 to 30.5±9.3,and total time spent shortened from(700.8±56.6) s to(607.0±17.8) s.There were no statistically significant differences between novice accuracy (the percentage of observed segments) after training and skilled physician accuracy [(89.3±4.0)% vs(91.3±3.0)%,P=0.456].Conclusion Practice using a virtual bronchoscopy simulator help novice trainees to attain a level of skill at performing diagnostic bronchoscopy,and it might play an important role in the training of chest physicians.


The invention discloses a health-function feed for postpartum sows. The health-function feed is prepared from an energy feed, protein raw materials, trace mineral premix, vitamin premix, mineral substance premix, antibacterial medicines, enzymic preparations and a feed toxin adsorbent in a processing manner; according to the specific formula, the health-function feed is prepared from the following components (in percentage by weight): 52.00% of corn, 14.00 wheat bran,16.00% of 43% soya bean meal, 2.00% of imported fishmeal, 6.00% of rice bran, 3.00% of brown sugar, 1.30% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.20% of mountain flour, 0.30% of salt, 4.00% of a special premix for postpartum sows, 0.10% of a mildew preventive and 0.10% of a detoxin. The invention aims at providing a health feed for postpartum sows, which is capable of improving the immunity of the postpartum sows, reducing birth canal inflammation and increasing the lactation yield, so that the bodies of the postpartum sows can well recover within a week; the immunity of the sows is enhanced; the lactation yield is increased; and the utilization years of the sows are prolonged.


1. Rat mast cells with ATP (0.5‐4 micro M) in the absence of divalent cations (so that almost all the ATP is present as ATP4‐) became permeable to normally impermeant aqueous solutes, added extracellularly. These include the stable complexes Co HEDTA and Ca EDTA, and 6‐carboxyfluorescein but not inulin. At 4 micro M‐ATP4‐ the space accessible to Ca EDTA is 89% of that occupied by 3H2O. 2. The kinetics of solute entry are regulated by the concentration of ATP4‐. 3. Ca2+, buffered in the range 1‐10 micro M with HEDTA, causes histamine secretion from mast cells that have been rendered permeable with ATP4‐. The extent of secretion increases as the concentration of ATP4‐ is raised from 3 to 5 micro M. With extracellular Ca2+ present as physiological (millimolar) concentrations, the effect of increasing ATP4‐ through this range is to inhibit secretion. 4. The rates of histamine secretion and of 32P‐metabolite leakage from 32P‐prelabelled cells in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+, were compared. The kinetics of both processes are regulated by the concentration of ATP4‐, but not Ca2+.


The aim of this research was to know the status of reproduction, NI, NRR, and Output  Grade Crossbred Ongole Cattle In Purwodadi Dalam Village And Wonodadi, Tanjung Sari District South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The research was carried out for two months, started in January until February 2018.  The data was taken from all of the cattle farmers Grade Crossbred Ongole Cattle in Purwodadi Dalam and Wonodadi Village. The result showed that reproduction status Grade Crossbred Ongole Cattle in Purwodadi Dalam is the first mating age of PO cattle was 17,62 months; S/C 1,80 months; calving interval 12,92 months; the age limit of female cattle maintenance 7,88 years; use of female cattle in breeding areas 6,47 years; natural increase 28,16 %; and output 28,64 % while reproduction status Grade Crossbred Ongole Cattle in Wonodadi Village is the first mating age of PO cattle was 17,89 months; S/C 1,98 months; calving interval 13,02 months; the age limit of female cattle maintenance 7,84 years; use of female cattle in breeding areas 6,17 years; natural increase 22,43 %; and output 23,06 %. Key words:  Status Reproduction, Estimation Output, Grade Crossbred Ongole Cattle


The focus-on issue of the article is to outline linguistic mechanisms of media text formation. Lexical-grammatical transformations that occur during the transformation of a primary text into a secondary one are described on the basis of texts analysis of press releases and texts of journalistic publications.


THE MARRIAGES OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL DEPUTIES ; The marriages of the ecclesiastical deputies to the Convention were revolutionary acts which provide insight to the revolutionary status of women. Responding to the sweet sentiments of nature, some of these priest-deputies married poor citoyennes, rich in republican virtues. But the dowry, still considered necessary, revealed that the revolutionary bourgeoisie did not rule out advantageous matchmaking. In the marriage announcements the wives were not identified as individuals but through the male members of their families. The revolutionary « domestic virtues of a household » elevated wives as companions but in a male-dominated household. ; Ruth GRAHAM.


S-(–)-N-(1-phenylethyl)diphenylvinylideneamine (1) rearranges, apparently quantitatively, to S-(–)-2,2,3-triphenylbutyronitrile (2) in CCl4, k(2·9 ± 0·3)× 10–4 s–1, and CD3CN, k(3·9 ± 0·4)× 10–4 s–1, at 60 °C with partial retention of configuration at the migrating centre; N-(benzyl)diphenylvinylideneamine (8) undergoes a similar rearrangement, but N-(t-butyl)diphenylvinylidene amine (9) yields only disproportionation type products, at a higher temperature (125 °C).


The Stories of Xingshi Marriage is the important material to study the language from the late Ming to the early Qing Dynasty.The study of the uses of disjunctive conjunctions in the novel reveals the historic features of disjunctive conjunctions in Shandong Dialect from the late Ming to the early Qing Dynasty.In this period,disjunctive conjunctions in Shandong Dialect emerged in large number with lots of synonymous conjunctions co-existed,bi-syllable conjunctions dominated,and tri-syllable conjunctions appeared.From the source,80% were newly-formed conjunctions from the modern Chinese.After competition,7(46.7%) disjunctive conjunctions became obsolete and 8(53.3%) disjunctive conjunctions remain up to now.


Summary The rare juno Iris narynensis from Central Asia is illustrated. A full description of the species is provided, its taxonomy and possible relationships are discussed and cultivation requirements in the U.K. given, based on experience gained at Kew. The latest thinking regarding the evolutionary position of the junos within genus Iris L. is summarised – the results of molecular research carried out at Kew in recent years.


Communication challenges and dysphagia are commonly seen in patients with burns of varying degree and types. These may be subsequent to multiple or prolonged intubations, ventilator use and tracheostomy tubes. Speech - Language Pathologists (SLP's) play an active role in dealing with these conditions along with support from members of other disciplines.
Burn care management is provided in various hospitals in India. However, the current inclusion or the need for inclusion of SLP services in burn care management in the Indian scenario has not been appraised or dwelt upon. Considering the pertinent areas of SLP expertise, the need to educate burn care teams on the benefits of SLP inclusion is highlighted.
Comprehensive evaluation and understanding of how multidisciplinary management including SLPs may benefit the patient in terms of reduction in the length of hospitalization and cost-effective care is also discussed.


Objective: To confirm Xie-zhuo-jiang-zhi tablet in the treatment of hyperinsulinemia is really effective.Methods: 60 cases of phlegm and blood stasis type hyperinsulinemia patients were randomly assigned to treatment group(Xie-zhuo-jiang-zhi tablet group) and the control group(Tai-bai tablet group),treatment of 12 weeks,observing each group before and after treatment fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 hours plasma glucose after a meal(2hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1C),fasting insulin concentration(FINS),2 hours insulin concentration after a meal(2hINS),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),waist circumference(WC),body mass index(BMI) and TCM symptoms integral change,thus evaluate the clinical curative effect of Xie-zhuo-jiang-zhi tablet.Results: Treatment group compared before and after treatment,BMI,WC,TG,FPG,2HPG,HbA1c,FINS,2 hINS,IR and TCM symptom integral were significantly decreased,HDL-C have obvious rise,with statistical significance.TCM symptoms integral of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were improved,with the total effective rate reaches as high as 90%.Conclusion: Xie-zhuo-jiang-zhi tablet in weight loss,improving blood lipids and symptoms in patients has obvious therapeutic effect,while in reducing blood glucose,improving insulin resistance has the quite effect of Tai-bai tablet.Xie-zhuo-jiang-zhi tablet can effectively treat hyperinsulinemia.


Several studies have demonstrated that approximately one‐half of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who receive treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and achieve and maintain a deep molecular response (DMR) are able to successfully discontinue therapy. In patients who have a molecular relapse, a DMR is rapidly regained upon treatment re‐initiation.


The present invention relates to an interferon -β composite. In particular, the present invention relates to a complex between the polyethylene glycol and interferon -β highly biologically active, and to a method for efficiently producing the composite. That is, the present invention relates to a process for producing an interferon -β composite comprising at least one additive in the case of the presence of Interferon -β bound to polyethylene glycol, the additive is selected having 5 or oligosaccharides less sugar units, monosaccharides, their corresponding sugar alcohols, and C2-6 polyhydric alcohols, and to the process for producing a composite -β interferon having specifically binds an amino acid sequence positioned IFN -β the first 19 or 134 lysine polyethylene glycol.


Accessible online at: http://BioMedNet.com/karger Dear Sir, We have read with interest the review recently published by Barnes [1] concerning the role of platelet secretory products in mechanisms of glomerular disease induction and progression. In clinical practice, the ß-thromboglobulin (ß-TG) plasma level is used as a marker of platelet activation in vivo. But we have found no studies on platelet metabolism in renal diseases reflecting both secretory and aggregational platelet function. We present our data on platelet metabolism and function in pregnant patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of CGN has recently been proved [2–4]. Platelet hyperfunction is closely related to clinical manifestations of CGN such as nephrotic syndrome (NS), decline of renal function and also relapse of CGN [5, 6]. On the other hand platelet function is enhanced in normal pregnancy, which may be considered as an adaptive reaction to the bleeding reduction during delivery. The pregnancy in CGN patients may be accompanied by additional platelet activation. Earlier, we have shown that platelet activation in gravidae with CGN is more pronounced than in nonpregnant CGN patients [7]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate platelet disorders in pregnant patients with CGN relapse (n = 16, group 1) and in those with CGN remission (n = 40, group 2). All patients were examined in the second and third trimesters of gestation. The CGN relapse manifested by de novo development of NS and/or hypertension, and also mildly impaired renal function. Nineteen healthy pregnant women (group 3) matched for gestational age served as controls. Platelet metabolism and function were assessed by platelet glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, ß-TG plasma level and platelet aggregability on ADP stimulation. The results are presented in table 1. All indices were enhanced in both CGN relapse and CGN remission groups as compared to controls. LDH activity, ß-TG plasma level and ADP aggregability were significantly higher in gravidae with CGN relapse that in those with CGN remission. Thus the marked enhancement of platelet metabolic activity and functional activity with signs of their intravascular activation were found in gravidae with gestational CGN relapse. These results allow to discuss the role of platelet activation with subsequent aggravation of blood intravascular coagulation (BIC) in the development of CGN relapse during pregnancy. Additional platelet and BIC activation in CGN relapse may be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in these patients. Our data confirmed this suggestion: the incidence of premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation and newborn hypotrophy was significantly higher in patients with pregnancy-related CGN relapse compared to those with CGN remission (50 vs. 10%, 43.8 vs. 27.5% and 43.8 vs. 25%, respectively). The frequency of obstetric complications in both CGN groups, but particularly in gravidae with CGN relapse, might be a result of microthrombus formation in the placental vasculature as a consequence of BIC activation. These data support the hypothesis that abnormal hemostatic response to pregnancy is one of the important causes of poor pregnancy outcomes in CGN.


A deflecting mirror is in the optical path between a monocular microscope for viewing the region of a layer on which an X-ray beam falls, and the region of a layer, the thickness of which is measured according to the X-ray fluroescence principle. The mirror is in an apparatus that has an X-ray beam generator which emits an X-ray beam along a longitudinal geometrical axis, a table device arranged to support the layer, a diaphragm device of a material which absorbs X-rays, having an aperture which is in the longitudinal geometrical axis, and a light source which can be directed onto the region for the layer. The mirror is composed of glass and has a hole at 45 DEG to the plane of the mirror. The longitudinal geometrical axis of the X-ray beam passes through the hole.


Abstract On their way to the waste disposal site, waste transporters can become involved in accidents. In certain circumstances the waste containers may not be able to withstand the accident forces, thus causing radioactive material to be released into the environment. Depending on the radioactive materials held in the waste containers concerned and the amount released into the environment, the radiological consequences — such as radiation exposure of individuals and contamination of the biosphere — vary over a wide range.


Often "diagnostic overshadowing" takes place — whereby autism might mask hearing loss or intellectual disability, and vice versa — is a real concern in children affected by both conditions.


Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations in the presence of chronic liver cell disease (CLCD), portal hypertension or congenital portosystemic shunts result in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Cyanosis, platypnoea and orthodeoxia are the main clinical features and contrast echocardiography is used for its diagnosis. The only available curative therapy is liver transplantation. Here we report a case of 62-year-old lady with CLCD and portal hypertension, who was investigated for hypoxia, clubbing and cyanosis. The diagnosis of HPS was made with the aid of arterial blood gas analysis, saline bubble contrast echocardiography and computer tomographic pulmonary angiography.


The dicefalia is a rare congenital anomaly malformation. It is characterized by duplication and total separation of face, cranium and brain structures forming two heads in a single individual. This anomaly occurs in different species of anaimals, being most frequently affected cattle. goats, cats and man.


Objective
To explore the application value of cardiac remote monitoring in rehabilitation training with chronic heart failure patients.

Methods
A total of 100 chronic heart failure patients who came from Jinan luo-yuan, er-qi, and other eight communities from January 2011 to January 2012 were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group (n=50, received usual exercise training) and the control group (n=50, received cardiac remote monitoring based on usual exercise training). Period of treatment was 32 weeks. The experimental group and the control group respectively applying cardiac remote monitoring and normal ECG examination to detect myocardial ischemia, and record the detection rate. The 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD), quality of life score, readmission and mortality rate were compared between the two groups after 32 weeks.

Results
During the follow-up period, the experimental group found 34 cases of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, the detection rate was 68%, and the control group found 12 cases of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, the detection rate was 26% (χ2=3.581, P=0.023). There were 15 patients with symptoms of chest tightness, suffocation and shortness of breath in experimental group, and 27 patients in control group (30% vs. 54%, χ2=4.303, P=0.031). After 32 weeks of treatment, compared with control group, the 6MWD was significantly increased [(441.75±39.02)m vs. (391.25±63.31)m, t=4.721, P=0.032], quality of life score was significantly decreased (43.26±9.61 vs. 55.83±6.42, t=8.132, P=0.043) and readmission rate was significantly decreased (18% vs. 32%, t=6.412, P=0.020) in experimental group. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups (0 vs. 4%, P=0.893).

Conclusions
The guidance of remote monitoring can increase the security of rehabilitation training for the patients with chronic heart failure, and improve the exercise endurance, reduce readmission rate, improve the quality of life significantly, it has a high value in clinical application.

Key words:
Chronic heart failure; Cardiac remote monitoring; Rehabilitation training; Application value


DNA amplification method to a DNA fragment comprising a nucleotide analog as a template, DNA amplified in the presence of nucleotide analogs, characterized in that it is in the presence of nucleotide analogs of two or more thereof or double stranded nucleic acid in reducing T


Background:
 Door-in-door-out time (DIDO) is an established driver of outcome in ischemic stroke patients who initially present to a Primay Stroke Center (PSC) and require transfer for endovascular intervention. In 2019, the Joint Commission required monitoring of DIDO as part of its STK-OP measure. Given the importance of rapidly transferring ischemic stroke patients, we embarked to create a monitoring tool to help assess the areas of delay in a 14 hospital telemedicine supported stroke system.

 Methods:
 A monitoring system was designed using PowerBI™ and Microsoft Suite™ products that models various data sources for consumption and action. Separate data queries from various sources were entered into one report using the Office365™ suite and Power Query Editor™ in PowerBI™. The resulting data model was then reorganized and programmed into a PowerBI™ report that can be shared throughout the organization.

 Results:
 The report allowed region-wide or hospital specific evaluation of several time based transfer metrics, including: door to initial call to transfer center, transfer center contact to neurointerventional physician accept time, accept time to ambulance arrival, ambulance arrival to ambulance departure and travel time to thrombectomy center. The largest areas of delays identified were door to initial call to transfer center and time of ambulance arrival to spoke to departure from spoke. The tool also allowed the separation of the STK-OP measure into ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage or sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. The assessment of these time metrics at a regional and individual hospital level permitted us to create a plan to focus on the greatest areas of delay to further decrease our transfer times.

 Conclusion:
 Modern data software may be leveraged by stroke programs to help assess the specific time metrics causing delay in DIDO, which could then further assist in focused quality improvement of these metrics.


In this work the role played by the collaborators in the Granada's society in the end of the XVth. century and the first two thirds of the XVIth., a society deeply marked by the social, cultural and economic oposition between old christians and "moriscos", is analysed. For this, we will centre on the Abenaxara's family, one of the most importants collaborators of the Bishopric of Guadix. Through a civil and eclesiastical documentation, we will know what was the origin of their collaboration and what was their role in the difficult relations between the "moriscos" and the old christians, relations in what they acted like middlemen.


Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency in most cases is a treatable defect in the biosynthesis of the biogenic amine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Patients are usually detected in infancy due to developmental delay, hypotonia and extrapyramidal movements, but the clinical presentation is variable and can initially be quite mild and/or aspecific. Until now the only way to detect this disorder in general metabolic screening of urine was to identify vanillactic acid (VLA) in GC-MS analysis of organic acids (see figure 1A). Because of the sometimes only small increase of VLA, and/or insufficient analytical sensitivity, AADC deficiency is probably seriously underdiagnosed. We present new findings in recently diagnosed patients that have yielded promising additional diagnostic parameters.


The generalized predictive control algorithm,the parameter adaptive recursive predicting and the noise estimator are presented based on dynamic approximate nonlinearization increment minimized recursive predicting model for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with multiple time delays.Generalized predictive control is employed for nonlinear systems with heavy multiple time delays.The simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approa.


: This study presents a system dynamics methodology to evaluate quantitatively the effect ofthe Korean government's developmentpolicy, suchastaxreductions, onthe industrialeconomy.Systemdynamicsisoftenperceivedasanoptimizedmeansto identifythedynamicinter-relationshipsamongvariousfactorsofdevelopmentpolicies,andinparticulartheindustrialcharacteristicsand uncertaintiesofthecoastalshippingindustry.Theresultsofsimulationsusedinthisstudyshowsthattheimpactofdevelopmentpolicies suchastaxreductionswould increase shipping demand for about4years, andthattaxincentivescould raise the demandvolume for cabotagecargofrom5.26to11.11%,throughtheavailablefreight-downby90∼95%points.Thesystemdynamicsapproachusedinthis paperrepresentsaninitialattempttousethismethodologyinstudiesofthecoastalshippingindustry.Onthebasisof oursimulations, theindustrialeffectsofotherdevelopmentpolicies,suchasshipfinancingsupport,investmentofsocialoverhead,orcrewsupply,could alsobeanalyzedeffectively.Additionally,itshouldbepossibletoextendtheseresultsbydevelopingacomprehensivemodelencompassing thesevariousanalyses.


Transferable resistance to cefotaxime was demonstrated in 21 nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli subsequently isolated from patients in two large University clinics. Using the double-disk diffusion test, we could detect, in each such strain, as well as in E. coli 3110 K-12 transconjugants after the transfer, the production of an Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL). Ceftibuten was demonstrated to be effective against the majority of strains studied.


Aims:  To determine the role of oxidative stress and chronological ageing on the propensity of brewing yeast strains to form respiratory deficient 'petites'.


This paper is a further development of a previous work (PAMM 16, 51–52). In this paper, we derive an analytical formulation of the linear actuators' length variations for a 2-1-2 DOF joint designed parallel hexapod based on Riebe and Ulbrich's method (Arch. Appl. Mech. 72, 817–829) and the Euler angles based matrix method. The equivalence conditions as well as the computation errors are given and compared with a quaternion based method.


Provisional IRA (PIRA); they were busy convincing themselves that the British were going to disengage from Northern Ireland. It is clear from this book that in the early years the PIRA believed that they were at war with Britain and the Loyalist/Unionist community were just deluded Irishmen and women, yet to be convinced of the necessity of a United Ireland. Unfortunately, there was little media interest in the early 1970s for what Loyalist paramilitary organisations had to say. Many statements had been realised by the UVF/RHC (p. 94) which clearly showed a growing development of political thought which, while not fully coherent, was definitely moving in a direction towards a more inclusive society. However the lack of that clarity and inclusiveness is clearly understood from the following: appearing in the Orange Cross Magazine, Captain William Johnston (a name used by the UVF), made the following remarks in a UVF communique: 'Calling on Catholics to disown the IRA terrorists. Once Catholics did that, he promised that Loyalists would accept Catholics as fully and comprehensively as British people' (p. 96). As if it was in the gift of the UVF to bestow British citizenship upon Catholics. Catholics then and now are entitled to British citizenship by being born within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland just like anyone else. This showed the sectarian nature of the UVF towards Catholics and assumed them all to be IRA supporters. It totally ignored the thousands of Catholics who served in the security forces and various functions of the British state. Unfortunately that mentality still exists to this day among certain sections of Unionism/Loyalism. The book claims that Loyalists stretched out the possibility of peace to the Provisional IRA in the early 1970s, and that the PIRA for their own reasons, except in 1974, were not in a position to engage with Loyalism at that stage. We had to wait until 1994. Sadly this was an opportunity missed, and it clearly showed a willingness on behalf of Loyalism to develop some sort of agreed understanding of the terrible situation they were in along with the Nationalist community. To be fair, maybe the pieces were not in place at that time to bring about a Peace Process, both politically and militarily on all sides. It is just a tragedy we had to wait so long with such loss of life and destruction. I like Novosel's use of the term 'poor History' with regard to the telling or not telling of the role some Loyalists played in the making of peace in Northern Ireland, and that story has yet to be told fully.


Many textiles/apparel programs are facing hardship due to the relatively small size of the program. Creating general education (GE) courses can be an effective tool to not only increase the enrollment, but also recruit new students.    FASH 30 Fashion and the Human Environment was created in a fashion program at a four-year university as an introductory course to fashion students.  Then it was converted to a lower division GE course.  PEST analysis served as a foundation of the course development.  PEST refers to a strategic method for understanding external environment by following the framework including political, economic, socio-cultural and technological components.  Built on the PEST Model, FASH 30 takes acritical look at the complex human environment by using fashion as a common thread that links the diverse facets of it together.  An increasing enrollment pattern of FASH 30has been consistent after it became a GE course.


PureTech Presents Preclinical Proof-of-Concept Data for LYT-300 (Oral Allopregnanolone) as Poten(cid:415)al Treatment for Neurological and Neuropsychological Condi(cid:415)ons Data demonstra(cid:415)ng ability to achieve systemic exposure following oral administra(cid:415)on shared at American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP) Annual Mee(cid:415)ng Results support poten(cid:415)al of PureTech's Glyph TM technology pla(cid:414)orm to enable oral administra(cid:415)on for a range of therapeu(cid:415)cs 1 study th The data presented at ACNP showed that systemic exposure of natural allopregnanolone was achieved after oral administra(cid:415)on of LYT-300 in mul(cid:415)ple preclinical models of increasing complexity. In contrast, systemic levels of allopregnanolone were not observed following oral administra(cid:415)on of natural unmodified allopregnanolone. These results demonstrate the poten(cid:415)al of the Glyph technology pla(cid:414)orm to enhance the systemic absorp(cid:415)on of natural bioac(cid:415)ve molecules and other small molecules with poor oral bioavailability. "We are pleased to present these data, which demonstrate the core mechanism that underpins the unique design of LYT-300, the first therapeu(cid:415)c candidate derived from our Glyph pla(cid:414)orm," said Joe Bolen, Ph.D., Chief Scien(cid:415)fic Officer of PureTech. "As we advance LYT-300 into the clinic, we are encouraged that the Glyph pla(cid:414)orm con(cid:415)nues to deliver a broad array of suppor(cid:415)ve data and peer-reviewed publica(cid:415)ons, underscoring the poten(cid:415)al of this truly differen(cid:415)ated pla(cid:414)orm for rapid drug discovery." LYT-300 was developed from PureTech's proprietary Glyph technology pla(cid:414)orm, which generates novel prodrugs by reversibly linking small molecule drugs to dietary fat molecules. This linkage is designed to enable the transport of small molecule drugs directly into systemic circula(cid:415)on via the lympha(cid:415)c system following oral administra(cid:415)on, thereby bypassing first-pass liver metabolism. This pla(cid:414)orm also has the poten(cid:415)al to deliver other drugs with poor bioavailability, including immune modulators that could directly


Design of low power and area-efficient logic systems forms an integral part and largest areas of research in the field of VLSI Design. Addition is the most fundamental arithmetic operation. In this paper, a low power, area-efficient carry select adder is proposed. CSA is one of the fastest adders used in dataprocessing systems to perform fast arithmetic operation. Secondly, structure of carry select adder is such that there is scope of reducing the area and power consumption. Thirdly, there is scope to reduce the area by using some add-one scheme. So, a Modified Carry Select Adder(MCSA) is designed by using single Ripple Carry Adder(RCA) and Binary to Excess-1 Converter (BEC) instead of dual RCAs in order to reduce the area and power consumption with small speed penalty. CSA and MCSA structures are designed for 8-bit, 16-bit, 32bit and 64-bit. Result analysis shows that MCSA is better than CSA.


Proactive efforts are increasingly advocated to conserve scarce resources, prevent future deterioration of our natural environment and sustain economic development. The progress towards, and prospects for, such sustainable development in Hong Kong were recently investigated. The long‐standing role of the territory as an international gateway and a development model for the People's Republic of China magnifies the significance of this research. Although business activities and consumer attitudes in Hong Kong indicate that economic issues still dominate ecological concerns, support was found for a technology transfer theory of environmentalism. The socio‐economic psychology of Hong Kong favours market incentives rather than command‐and‐ control policies. Entrepreneurial incentives, information to raise public awareness and effective environmental technology transfer can be the foundation of a strategic environmental management effort across Greater China.


The utility model relates to a colliding piston internal combustion engine which belongs to the technical field of reciprocating piston internal combustion engines. A complete machine is formed by the corresponding assembly of a cylinder body of a left sub machine, a cylinder body of a right sub machine, and a middle sharing cylinder body, wherein crank link mechanisms of the left and the right sub machines realize synchronous work through a timing gear and do reciprocating movement in opposite moving directions in the middle sharing cylinder body, which causes that working medium expands for work in a sharing combustor of the middle part of a cylinder for simultaneous work circulation. The utility model has a high heat efficiency and mechanical efficiency, and the utility model can be used in the fields of motor vehicles, ships, and diesel locomotives using internal combustion engines.


The quality and reform of health care is a prominent component of national discussions in the year leading to the 2004 presidential election. Many issues such as Medicare reform, prescription drug benefits for the elderly, and improved access for uninsured Americans have been prominent in the national discourse. For African Americans and other ethnic minorities, the results of a groundbreaking study by the Institute of Medicine focus attention on the issue of racial and ethnic health care disparities. The study reveals poor outcomes in health care, solely based on race or ethnic background exist in every level of American health care. The author, who is a practicing physician of 25 years, discusses the issues surrounding racial and ethnic disparities and the implications for African American health care consumers. In order to focus national attention on the problem of racial disparity in health care, the author coins a new term, sentinel disparity, to describe this uniquely unacceptable phenomenon. Recommendations are put forward to gain better understanding of the scope of sentinel disparity and to suggest new methodological approaches to both research and intervention. INTRODUCTION In the spring of 2003, I celebrated my 25th anniversary of medical school graduation. Like many of my classmates, it was difficult for me to chart where the years had gone, yet paradoxically easy for me to acknowledge the opportunities, blessings, and challenges of patient care carried over these same years. In this election year, I also pause to consider the American health care system from the perspective of an African American provider who has participated in this system at many levels. Caring for the underserved at a city general hospital, training at a university teaching hospital, serving in an urban clinic, participating in high-level clinical research at a major institution, and providing twenty years of focused care for cancer patients create the scaffolding of experience around which I pause to contemplate changes in health care and the issues confronting African American health care consumers. It is truly amazing to appreciate how quickly our understanding of human illness, the challenges of care delivery to an increasingly diverse population, and the demands for a more productive and accountable research movement change and progress. Recall that HIV was first described in 1981 and has become a worldwide scourge. (1) The human genome reference sequence for Homo sapiens was completed in 2003. (2) A consensus on the application of this new knowledge still defies researchers, ethicists, and policy makers. Revelations from the Tuskegee experiments surfaced in 1972.3 These disclosures still reverberate as a mandate for research design, monitoring, and accountability. It is staggering that these events have taken place over a mere 33 years. The reflections of a 1978 medical school graduate on the specific issues confronting African Americans are the product of experience, humble appreciation for rapid change, and hopeful examination of future challenges. While national media focuses on health matters such as the reform and privatization of Medicare, prescription drug benefits for the elderly, and reduction of the rising numbers of uninsured Americans, the most vexing problem facing African Americans may be racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Health care disparity, as a term of understanding, came into the national lexicon in the 1990's. In 1999, the United States Congress officially requested the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assemble a committee to examine disparities in the type and quality of care received by U.S. racial and ethnic minorities and non-minorities. The results of this groundbreaking study were reported in the IOM publication entitled Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (hereafter, the IOM report) that was released to the public in 2002. …


In the Tang dynasty Dunhuang transformation text (bianwen) about Mulian rescuing his mother from the underworld, Madame Liu Qingti, mother of the filial monk Mulian, is allowed to ascend to the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven once her sins have been purged. A similar happy ending is found in the most widespread versions of the legend. However, in many baojuan (precious scrolls) from the late imperial period and the modern era, Qingti is depicted as an inveterate sinner who continues to misbehave when reborn as a dog. For example, in the baojuan about Mulian used nowadays in Changshu, southern Jiangsu province, in a ritual to expel evil spirits and ensure a successful pregnancy, Qingti appears as the Heavenly Dog—a malign, infant-eating star spirit capable of causing miscarriage or neonatal death. This paper combines fieldwork on a ritual to expel the Heavenly Dog in Changshu and textual analysis to explore the ways in which Liu Qingti has been recast in baojuan literature. I consider, in particular, the motif of Qingti's unenlightened soul, and its relation to her ritual career as the Heavenly Dog in baojuan recitation. Special attention is paid to the different ritual contexts of such rituals.


42-page report describes facilities capable of testing complete photovoltaic systems, subsystems, or components. Compilation includes facilities and capabilities of five field centers of national photovoltaics program, two state-operated agencies, and five private testing laboratories.


This paper reviews the physical mechanisms that limit the performance and the reliability of visible InGaN-based LEDs and laser diodes. The results of an extensive experimental activity demonstrate that: (i) point defects may significantly affect the optical efficiency of GaN-based LEDs and lasers, by favoring the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination in the active region of the samples; hypothesis on the physical nature of the defects were formulated based on deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. (ii) extended defects (such as threading dislocations) represent preferential paths for leakage current conduction, and may severely limit the reliability of LEDs submitted to reverse-bias ESD tests; (iii) when submitted to constant current stress, InGaN-based LEDs and laser diodes may show a measurable degradation, consisting in a decrease in optical power (or increase in the threshold current of laser diodes) and in changes in the electrical characteristics. The degradation kinetics are significantly accelerated by current density and temperature, indicating that - in several cases - the degradation processes are electro-thermally activated.


The article analyzes the latest trends of the started process of transformation of world order, trying to explain it by various concepts, bringing forward by researchers and scientists, substantiating for many decades the urgent need for the existence of a dominant state - a hegemon which plays a role of a stabilizer of the international relations.  The article focuses on the concept of hegemonic stability, arguing that existence of hegemon especially in the political and economic system is a necessary condition for maintaining global peace and stability.
Special attention is paid to the conditions that contribute to the decline of hegemony. Drawing parallels between today's realities and the concepts, highlighted by Charles Kindleberger, Robert Gilpin, Immanuel Wallerstein and other researchers, the article proves that even based on the concepts of the mentioned researchers who for many years justified the "stabilizing role" of the US hegemony, after the global fanatical crisis of 2008 a new phase of development is becoming more and more noticeable. Referring to the point of view of I. Wallerstein, the article concludes that even maintaining dominance to a certain extent in a number of areas, such as military, political, the unipolar world order has already gone down in history.


The electrochemical performance of the Mg–11Li–3.5Al–2Zn–1.5Re–0.5Zr electrode in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution, containing different concentrations of hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4) as an electrolyte additive was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic current–time, electrochemical impedance spectra measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the corrosion potential of the electrode increases with the concentration of C6H12N4 in the following order: 0.10 mmol L−1 < 0.05 mmol L−1 < 2.00 mmol L−1 < 0.50 mmol L−1 < 0.80 mmol L−1 < 1.00 mmol L−1 < 0.00 mmol L−1. The potentiostatic current–time curves indicate that the oxidation current density of the electrode in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution containing 0.10 mmol L−1 of C6H12N4 is the largest among the studied electrolyte solutions, and the polarization resistance of the Mg–11Li–3.5Al–2Zn–1.5Re–0.5Zr electrode in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution containing 0.10 mmol L−1 of C6H12N4 is smaller than that in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution. The scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that the presence of C6H12N4 in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution can loosen oxidation products and promote its coming off, consequently enhancing the discharging performance of the Mg–11Li–3.5Al–2Zn–1.5Re–0.5Zr electrode.


In mouse oocytes, condensin I localizes around centromeric regions, whereas condensin II is concentrated onto chromatid axes of Meta-I bivalent chromosomes. Both condensins are required for many aspects of meiotic chromosome dynamics, including individualization, resolution, and segregation, as well as monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores.


The mature spores of wild plantLunathyriumvegetius(Kitag.) Ching.were usedas explants,tissue culture and rapid propagation were investigated.The results showed that 1/2MS was suitable for inducing,and MS +6-BA0.2 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L was suitable for the propagation of prothallus,MS+IAA1.0 mg/L was suitable for the induction of sporophyte,MS+IBA1.0 mg/L was suitable for rooting.


The GIS phenomenon shows no sign of weakening, but cannot last for ever. The paper addresses the long-term significance of GIS from three perspectives. First, the various application fields are reviewed and used to define four views of GIS. Second, the paper looks at some new and continuing debates in GIS and their significance for cartography. The third section of the paper discusses the search for an intellectual core for GIS, and the role of the US National Science Foundation's National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.


Objective This study intends to compare docetaxel combined Wei Kang Da and other chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer for efficacy and toxicity,rational treatment.Methods Eighty-nine cases of advanced gastric cancer with different treatments from June 2009to April 2011in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups according to different regimens:docetaxel combined for Wei Kang Da group(DT group)and DO/DCF group.DT group:received Wei Kang Da 80mg/m2,orally during the meal twice a day,d1-14,docetaxel 75mg/m2,d1,21day for a cycle;conventional chemotherapy:DO/DCF group,21day for a cycle,docetaxel(75mg/m2,d1)+ oxaliplatin(130mg/m2,d2)or cisplatin(70mg/m2,d2)and 5-fluorouracil(2.5g/m2,46-hour continuous infusion).The clinical efficacy and toxicity were observed after three cycles.Results The median of progression-free survival in groups DO,DCF,DT were 4.8,11.4,12.5 months,respectively,there were significant difference in the comparisons(P0.05).Totally 89patients were evaluated for efficacy.In DT group,the disease control rate was 58.1%(18/31),in DO group,it was 46.4%(13/28),DCF group,53.3%(16/30),three groups showed no significance in comparison(P 0.05),the clinical efficiency of three groups also showed no statistic significance(P 0.05).The main toxicities of DT group were such as nausea,diarrhea,and bone marrow suppression,and the main toxicities of DO and DCF groups were bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reactions and hand-foot syndrome and others.The side effects were significantly less in DT group compared with the other two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The regimen of docetaxel combined Wei Kang Da in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer shows high clinical efficacy,less toxicity,especially in poor physical condition of elderly patients.


Typical mass spectrograms for H2O, D2O, H2O2, and D2O2 are presented. Both positive and negative ions were observed. The variations of the abundances of the spectrogram components with pressure are...


An analysis has been made of electron attenuation length data for nine materials in terms of the Bethe theory for inelastic scattering in matter. It was found that the Bethe equation adequately described the energy dependence of the data in all materials over the typical range 100–1500 eV. The Bethe equation appears to be superior to the empirical relation proposed by Wagner, Davis, and Riggs (1980).


Fission fragment angular distributions have been measured for the systems 11 B+ 235 U and 14 N+ 232 Th, at sub and near-barrier energies. Complete and incomplete momentum transfer fission components have been separated around 90° c.m. for 14 N+ 232 Th. The contribution of incomplete momentum transfer events is found to be about 8% over the present energy range of investigation. In the 14 N+ 232 Th case, anisotropy data are found to be anomalous throughout the energy range, where as corresponding data for 11 B+ 235 U are found to be normal, with respect to the saddle-point statistical model predictions. The large ground state spin values of 11 B and 235 U are found to play a major role at the sub-barrier region in influencing the anisotropy values.


The Himalayan range exposes a spectacular assemblage of metamorphic rocks from the midand deep crust that have fostered numerous models of how the crust responds to continental collisions. Recent petrogenetically based petrologic and geochronologic studies elucidate processes with unprecedented resolution and critically test models that range from continuum processes to one-time events. The pronounced metamorphic inversion across the Main Central Thrust reflects continuum thrusting between ca. 15 and 20 Ma, whereas exposure of ultrahigh-pressure rocks in northwestern massifs and syntaxis granulites reflects singular early (≥45 Ma) and late (≤10 Ma) exhumation events. Multiple mechanisms including wedge collapse and flow of melt-weakened midcrust are debated to explain pressuretemperature trajectories, patterns of thinning, and thermal overprinting. A geochronologic revolution is under way in which spatially resolved compositions and ages of accessory minerals are combined in a petrogenetically valid context to recover specific temperature-time points and paths. Combined chemical and chronologic analysis of monazite is now well established and titanite is particularly promising, but recent zircon data raise questions about anatectic rocks and their use for investigating tectonism. 381 A nn u. R ev . E ar th P la ne t. Sc i. 20 14 .4 2: 38 141 9. D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y R ic e U ni ve rs ity o n 04 /1 2/ 15 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. EA42CH17-Kohn ARI 9 May 2014 15:24 Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS): mainly Proterozoic metasedimentary sequence, typically greenschist to amphibolite facies; occurs below the GHS Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS): Late Proterozoic to Paleozoic metasedimentary sequence, typically upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies; occurs above the LHS and below the THS Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS): mainly Late Proterozoic to Mesozoic metasedimentary sequence, typically unmetamorphosed to lower amphibolite facies; occurs above the GHS Main Boundary Thrust (MBT): thrust contact separating the LHS from foreland sediments (Siwaliks) Lesser Himalayan Duplex (LHD): series of in-sequence thrusts in the LHS forming a duplex that arches overlying GHS and THS rocks Main Central Thrust (MCT): thrust contact separating the GHS from the LHS INTRODUCTION Himalayan geology unquestionably has played a central role in shaping our understanding of orogenesis. After all, Himalayan thrust-belt architecture, rock-type distributions, geomorphology, and orogen-parallel and -perpendicular extension have given rise to numerous models— orogenic wedges, lower crustal flow, synorogenic magmatism, eclogite exhumation, origins of gneiss domes and oroclinal bends, etc.—and stimulated research linking geomorphic and tectonic processes. Metamorphic rocks have inspired and continue to inspire many of these models and thus warrant particular consideration. Compared with other orogens, two practical advantages attend Himalayan metamorphic studies. First, along-strike consistency of rock types and structures allows age-equivalent comparisons of different parts of the orogen and helps screen for local anomalies. Second, extreme youth facilitates chronologic analysis. For example, typical microanalytical uncertainties of 2% provide ≤1 Myr resolution in the Himalaya, whereas the same chronologic resolution in Paleozoic or Proterozoic orogens requires other analytical methods that attain <0.1 to 0.5% uncertainties. This review is basically separated into two parts. The first and longer part documents patterns and summarizes regional geology, quantitative pressure-temperature conditions and paths, unusual occurrences of eclogites and granulites, and accessory mineral geochronology and geochemistry. The second part addresses tectonic models, emphasizing how observations distinguish (or not) among potential tectonic drivers. Given that over 600 articles on Himalayan metamorphism have been published, only a minority of studies can be discussed here. Metamorphic domes in southern Tibet and textural links between metamorphism and deformation are not considered. I also emphasize studies whose observations are reliably and quantitatively linked to petrogenesis and pressure-temperature-time evolution. GEOLOGIC BACKGROUND: METAMORPHIC SANDWICHES AND ANOMALIES Regional geology is described at length by Yin & Harrison (2000) and Yin (2006), so the following section focuses on only the most salient points related to metamorphism and its tectonic drivers. The Himalaya span approximately 2,000 km, from Pakistan in the west through northwestern India, Nepal, and Bhutan, to southeastern Tibet and northeastern India (Figure 1). Collision between India and Asia commenced ca. 50–55 Ma (e.g., see summary in Najman et al. 2010), but motion on major thrusts within the metamorphosed portion of the orogenic wedge generally commenced ca. 25 Ma. Overall, the orogen exhibits a distinct arcuate form, with sharp bends at the western (Nanga Parbat) and eastern (Namche Barwa) syntaxes (Figure 1), where major drainages cross the orogen. A tripartite lithotectonic subdivision—Lesser, Greater, and Tethyan Himalayan Sequences (LHS, GHS, and THS, respectively)—frames Himalayan metamorphic studies (Figure 1). The LHS was emplaced above unmetamorphosed foreland sediments (Siwalik Group) along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). Numerous smaller thrusts have been proposed within the LHS, especially to form the Lesser Himalayan Duplex (LHD). This duplex is important structurally because it accommodated a significant portion of Indo-Asian convergence and tilted overlying LHS, GHS, and THS rock units to expose obliquely the Himalayan metamorphic core (DeCelles et al. 2001, Robinson et al. 2003). The GHS was emplaced above the LHS along the Main Central Thrust (MCT). Additional thrusts have been proposed within the GHS, but structural repetitions are less clear within this unit. All major thrusts are interpreted to have soled into a master detachment surface—the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The THS shares broad stratigraphic similarities with the GHS, but in most regions was juxtaposed against it along a 382 Kohn A nn u. R ev . E ar th P la ne t. Sc i. 20 14 .4 2: 38 141 9. D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y R ic e U ni ve rs ity o n 04 /1 2/ 15 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. EA42CH17-Kohn ARI 9 May 2014 15:24


Data acquisition tasks at Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) were identified to (a) provide data to aid in the planning of the recovery activities in a safe and efficient manner and characterize postaccident plan condition and (b) provide information to the scientific and industrial community. The data acquisition program was divided into the following two areas: (1) data acquisition within the reactor vessel (in-vessel data acquisition) and (2) data acquisition within the nuclear steam supply system but external to the reactor vessel (ex-vessel data acquisition). The data obtained from these characterizations have provided a basis for defueling decisions. The methods (tools, equipment, and techniques) used to acquire data at TMI-2 have provided a basis for the approaches used to defuel the various areas.


We report time-domain applications of a new hemodynamic model by Fantini [1] that yields analytic expressions for signals that are measurable with hemodynamic-based neuroimaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show how the model can be used to predict the perturbations in cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood flow (CBF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) that account for the initial dip and post-stimulus undershoot that have been reported in the fMRI and fNIRS literature. Furthermore, we have used data from the literature to perform a comparison between measured fNIRS and fMRI signals and the corresponding signals predicted by the new hemodynamic model. Results showed an excellent agreement between the model predictions and the reported measured data.


The aim of this work was to evaluate, through the growth analysis, the effects of nitrogen doses on the development of Brassica campestris var. chinensis (Pak Choi). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from October to November, 2007, in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Parana. The experimental design was the randomized block, with five treatments (0, 60, 105, 150 and 195 kg ha -1 of N) and four replications. The hybrid used was Chouyou . The nitrogen was equally applied in three times, when in transplantation, and at seven and 14 days after the transplantation. The dry mass production, and the foliage area were weekly evaluated reaching the following indices of growth: relative and absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, and specific leaf area. The fresh mass of the aerial part was also evaluated in the last collection. The increase of nitrogen fertilization positively affects the growth parameters, and provides an increased production with emphasis on the dose of 195 kg ha -1 of N.


This is the third technical report prepared for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Project 0-4035 "Further Development of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Pavements in Texas." The contents of this document intend to complement the information provided in the two previous reports. The guidelines included here are applicable to the post-construction evaluation of a new prestressed concrete pavement (PCP) to be constructed in Texas. They recommend a series of tasks that need to be performed to document the evolution of the pavement, so that it could be evaluated in terms of performance. Likewise, this report suggests a methodology to determine the financial feasibility of the PCP technology and the reasons that justify its use under certain circumstances. Finally, the report includes conclusions and recommendations for the project. Special specifications (SS) were prepared for the PCP and will be ready for implementation before the pavement is constructed.


In recent years, assessing patent risks has attracted fast-growing attention from both researchers and practitioners in studies of technological innovation. Following the existing literature on risks and intellectual property (IP) risks, we define patent risks as the lack of understanding of the distribution of patents that lead to losing a key patent, increased research and development costs, and, potentially, infringement litigation. This paper aims to propose an explorative approach to investigating patent risks in the target technology field by integrating social network analysis and patent analysis. Compared to previous research, this study makes an important contribution toward identifying patent risks in the overall technological field by employing a patent-based multi-level network model that has not appeared in existing methodologies of patent risks. In order to verify the effectiveness of this approach, we take artificial intelligence (AI) as an example. Data collected from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII) database were used to build the patent-based multi-level network on patent risks from market, technology, and assignee perspectives. The results indicate that the lack of international collaborations among assignees and industry–university–research collaboration may lead to patent collaboration risks. Regarding patent market risks, the lack of overseas patent applications, especially the lack of distribution in the main competitive markets, is a key factor. As for patent technology risks, most of the leading assignees lack awareness of the distribution in the following technological fields: industrial electric equipment, engineering instrumentation, and automotive electrics. In summary, assignees from the U.S. with first mover advantages are still powerful leaders in the AI technology field. Although China is catching up very rapidly in the total number of AI patents, the apparent patent risks under the perspectives of collaboration, market, and technology will obviously hamper the catch-up efforts of China's AI industry. We conclude that, in practice, the proposed patent-based multi-level network model not only plays an important role in helping stakeholders in the AI technological field to prevent patent risks, find new technology opportunities, and obtain sustainable development, but also has significance for guiding the industrial development of various emerging technology fields.


Discusses the aim of college education, the right process to achieve the aim and its implications for efficient library and information services. Opines that education should be a process of learning than of teaching. In the process the efforts to be put in by students themselves is much important. To enable this students are to be provided with necessary facilities and provisions for mastering the subject matter, techniques, skills, and methods of work. Students have to develop a lifelong thirst for knowledge - to learn, to think, to analyze and conclude. This necessitates dynamic library and information services. The paper examines the college education scenario of Kerala and the library facilities available. Observes that college library services in Kerala are very poor and that libraries remain in such state because the teaching learning process followed is defective and it needs no information support. Concludes by stating that it is not the libraries, which need reform. When the teaching learning process is reformed the colleges will be forced to vitalize their libraries.


In this submission Rodin and Abergel comment extensively on the 2020 paper by Christian Bengs and myself entitled "A master equation for spin systems far from equilibrium" (doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106645). From the wording used by Rodin and Abergel, many readers will assume that (1) we stated in our paper that the "founding fathers" (Bloch, Redfield, Abragam) got the relaxation theory wrong, and (2) we introduced a new theory based on the Lindbladian equations that give the correct result. If Rodin and Abergel deliberately intended that impression to be conveyed, they would be guilty of a bad misrepresentation of our work. In fact, in our paper we state explicitly, many times, that the "founding fathers" were well aware, and mentioned explicitly many times over, the limitations of the semi-classical relaxation theory to a well-defined regime; and (2) the "founding fathers" were well aware that the crude "fix" that leads to the inhomogeneous master equation is invalid outside the assumptions of weak spin order and high spin temperature. In our paper we even cite extensively Redfield's phrase "unless the system is prepared in an unusual way". So if Rodin and Abergel mean to imply that we had stated that the "founding fathers" were unaware of the limitations of semi-classical relaxation theory, they are misrepresenting our work badly, and that impression should be corrected. The wording used by Rodin and Abergel is not entirely clear, so it is not obvious whether that accusation is their intention. Hopefully not. In any case, any possibility of a misrepresentation of our work should be corrected.


We report a single-molecule assay that defines, simultaneously, the translocational position of a protein complex relative to DNA and the subunit stoichiometry of the complex. We applied the assay to define translocational positions and sigma(70) contents of bacterial transcription elongation complexes in vitro. The results confirm ensemble results indicating that a large fraction, similar to 70%-90%, of early elongation complexes retain sigma(70) and that a determinant for sigma(70) recognition in the initial transcribed region increases sigma(70) retention in early elongation complexes. The results establish that a significant fraction, similar to 50%-60%, of mature elongation complexes retain sigma(70) and that a determinant for sigma(70) recognition in the initial transcribed region does not appreciably affect sigma 70 retention in mature elongation complexes. The results further establish that, in mature elongation complexes that retain sigma(70) the half-life of sigma(70) retention is long relative to the timescale of elongation, suggesting that some complexes may retain sigma(70) throughout elongation.


Person re-identification aims to retrieve the pedestrian across different cameras. It is still a challenging task for the intelligent visual surveillance system because of similar appearances, camera shooting angles, scene illumination, and pedestrian pose. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stream network named spatial segmentation network that learns both the global and local features in a unified framework for nonaligned person re-identification. One stream focuses on spatial feature learning using global adaptive average pooling in deep convolutional neural networks. Another stream is utilized to learn the fine local features by adopting horizontal average pooling without division that depends on the pose predictor. To assess the importance ranking of all features, we also obtain the performance of every part feature and global features. Our evaluation of the proposed method on Market-1501 acquires 94.51% Rank-1 and 90.78% mAP, that on DukeMTMC-re-ID acquires 87.52% Rank-1 and 84.82% mAP, and that on CHUK03-detected acquires 69.71% Rank-1 and 71.67% mAP; these findings verify the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method.


Lunar exploration mission reentry landing site affects not only the trans-Earth and reentry trajectories,but also the whole mission analysis and design.So its location determination is very important.This paper studies the relative positions between the vehicle,the Moon and the Earth,and the characters of the trans-Earth and reentry trajectories,analyzes some considerations of lunar reentry landing site latitude and its center position,and then gives some useful conclusions which will be very useful to the analysis and design of the future lunar soil sampling missions and manned lunar missions.


Background/Aim: Prognostic factors like the CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) represent potential predictors for survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic strength of the CAR for overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreatic resection. Patients and Methods: Data from a total of 202 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had undergone curative pancreatic resection were subjected to a retrospective review. Overall survival was calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used for calculating the prognostic strength of CAR. Results: CAR was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Elevated CAR was associated with a higher median value of Charlson Index, higher Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification and increased carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Conclusion: CAR is a useful prognostic factor for the prediction of overall survival for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. The impact of CAR in individual risk assessment should be evaluated in further studies.


The human rights theory and the impact of human rights protection movement is one of the important reasons for the rise and development of labor rights,and in a sense,labor rights' coming into the Constitution guarantees the implementation of human rights theory.Labor right is a fundamental right of modern law-ruling country,and is also a basic human right protected by the international community.But the existence of labor right and human rights are parallel or rarely meet in the long-history track,and even after the emergence of the concept of rights,labor right was not mentioned in long time.With human rights attribute of labor rights promoted by the impetus of the early capitalism labor movement and the International Labor Organization,international laws and domestic legislations create the necessary prerequisites for the establishment and protection of the right to work.


The Secretariat's proposed ten point action plan to prevent and respond to child abuse and neglect within all aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander communities.


Using the data from the 2001 Survey of Consumer Finance, the paper provides an intertemporal framework to examine giving behavior as a trade off among current consumption, saving, and charitable giving. The results show that there is nonlinear relationship between household lifetime non-investment income and the percentage of annual income giving to charities. Potential tax motivations are found to influence giving decision. The paper also presents the implication for tax policy, which is supported by Charitable Giving Act of 2003.


The Bayesian approach to data analysis computes conditional probability distributions of quantities of interest (such as future observables) given the observed data. Bayesian analyses usually begin with a full probability model a joint probability distribution for all the observable and unobservable quantities under study and then use Bayes' theorem (Bayes, 1763) to compute the requisite conditional probability distributions (called posterior distributions). The theorem itself is innocuous enough. In its simplest form, if Q denotes a quantity of interest and D denotes data, the theorem states: p(QjD) = p(DjQ)£ p(Q)=p(D):


Photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) strongly depend on their electronic characteristics which can be tuned by varying size, crystal defects and dopings. In this work, ZnO NPs were prepared using a simple chemical precipitation method. Effect of some independent process/synthesis parameters (i.e. reaction time and precursor concentration) on size and ROS generation in ZnO NPs was investigated. Based on TEM analysis and UV–vis absorption spectra, the synthesized nanoparticles ranged from 2.3 to 4.0 nm in size with the spherical morphologies. Moreover, XRD and SAED showed mono-crystal structures with noticeable diffraction peak at 2θ = 36.8° attributed to (101) plane. Using response surface methodology, OH−/Zn+ molar ratio, Zn+ concentration and reaction time were shown to have significant impacts on size of ZnO NPs. At fixed Zn+ concentrations, reaction time was found to be the most effective parameter on ROS generation and photocatalytic activity of NPs. Obtained results demonstrated that ROS generation is strongly dependent on synthesis reaction time as an indicator of oxygen deficiency and crystal formation in ZnO NPs. No clear relation was obtained between size of NPs and their ROS generation/photocatalytic activity in this size range.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)technology plus herbal treatment on the growth of granulation tissue through clinical research,and to preliminarily explore its mechanism.Methods:All 30patients were divided into trial group(VSD plus herbal)and control group(VSD),15cases in each groups.The growth of granula-tion tissue was compared between the two groups,and the levels of IL-1,IL-6and TNF-αof transudate of wound were de-tected 1,3,5,and 7days after treatment.Results:The growth of granulation tissue was statistical difference between the trial group and control group(P0.05).The cell factors such as IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-αwere elevated,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions:The VSD plus herbal treatment is beneficial for wound repairing;herbal can play an important role in the growth of wound granulation tissue,for it can promote the levels of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α.


1. Introduction 2. I. Conseptualising universals 3. Probabilistic explanations in translation studies: Welcome as they are, would they qualify as universals? (by Toury, Gideon) 4. Beyond the particular (by Chesterman, Andrew) 5. When is a universal not a universal?: Some limits of current corpus-based methodologies for the investigation of translation universals (by Bernardini, Silvia) 6. II. Large-scale tendencies in translated language 7. Corpora, universals and interference (by Mauranen, Anna) 8. Untypical frequencies in translated language: A corpus-based study on a literary corpus of translated and non-translated Finnish (by Eskola, Sari) 9. Untypical patterns in translations: Issues on corpus methodology and synonymity (by Jantunen, Jarmo Harri) 10. III. Testing the basics 11. Translation-specific lexicogrammar?: Characteristic lexical and collocational patterning in Swedish texts translated from English (by Nilsson, Per-Ola) 12. Explicitation: A universal of translated text? (by Papai, Vilma) 13. Explicitation of clausal relations: A corpus-based analysis of clause connectives in translated and non-translated Finnish children's literature (by Puurtinen, Tiina) 14. Unique items - over- or under-represented in translated language? (by Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja) 15. IV. Universals in the translation class 16. What happens to "unique items" in learners' translations?: "Theories" and "concepts" as a challenge for novices' views on "good translation" (by Kujamaki, Pekka) 17. The fate of "The Families of Medellin": Tampering with a potential translation universal in the translation class (by Jaaskelainen, Riitta) 18. Author index 19. Subject index


Purpose. To compare visual acuity measures obtained with the M&S Technologies Smart System II (SSII) and the revised Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts in terms of accuracy and test–retest repeatability. Methods. Monocular visual acuities were taken in 57 young, visually normal adults on two separate visits in which both the SSII system and the ETDRS charts were tested in random order by two masked examiners. The eye to be tested throughout was chosen randomly at the initial visit. Measurements were made through an optimal phoropter correction, determined by a noncycloplegic refraction for a 10-foot distance. Both charts were presented at 10 feet, and were matched closely for luminance. Results. The mean visual acuity in the group was −0.16 log minimum angle of resolution (MAR) for the ETDRS chart and −0.18 log MAR for the SSII, a small but statistically significant difference. A 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in visual acuity between the two charts was −0.033 log MAR to −0.003 log MAR. The test–retest repeatability was not significantly different in the two tests. The 95% limits of agreement for test–retest repeatability were −0.13 log MAR to +0.17 log MAR for the SSII and −0.12 log MAR to +0.13 log MAR for the ETDRS charts. Conclusions. The SSII can provide an accurate (mean difference <0.033 log MAR) and repeatable alternative to the ETDRS charts for visual acuity measurement in young, visually normal, well-corrected individuals.


The development of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is one of the greatest achievements of human intellect, or so Andrew Watson claims in The Quantum Quark. I am a little reluctant to go along with such a grand statement, given that I personally developed QCD together with Murray Gell-Mann in 1971. But certainly the invention of QCD – the theory that describes the strong force – was a big step in particle physics and in physics in general.


The invention relates to a method for producing soluble vegetable proteins and functional characterized in that it comprises at least one step consisting of functionalization treatment 0.01s ls consisting of a heating step at a temperature of 100 ° C to 160 ° C of vegetable protein and a step of cooling the heated vegetable proteins. The invention also relates to a method for transforming non-functional vegetable protein into functional protein. The invention also relates to a plant protein characterized in that it has a solubility in water of greater than 50% (except for a potato protein for which the solubility in water is 25% ), an emulsifying capacity between 750 and 000 mPa · s to 1,200,000 mPa · s a sample directly placed at 4 ° C for 24 hours (except for a potato protein for which the emulsifying capacity for a sample directly placed at 4 ° C for 24 hours is between 400 and 600 000 mPa · s 000 mPa · s) and between 500 and 000 mPa · s to 1,100,000 mPa · s a sample treated at 75 ° C then placed at 4 ° C for 24 hours and an emulsifying capacity between 70% and 95%. The invention finally relates to the use of said plant protein in the manufacture of foods.


The article examines the process of mortgage lending in the Russian Federation, which, according to the authors, contributes to increased competition between market participants, which allows to optimize and im-prove the banking mechanism, reduce inflation and increase customer focus on banking products. It is noted that the use of the tool not only improves the social situation, but also contributes to additional activities in the construction sector, financial, insurance market, thereby increasing the investment attractiveness of the coun-try as a whole. The understanding of the term, the relationship with financial and economic relations, as a collaboration: a bank, a borrower, a financial institution is presented. The principles of housing mortgage lending and their implementation in the conditions of the Russian market are disclosed. The classification, types of mortgage lending, orientation and programs, taking into account the differentiation of clients, interest rates and social orientation, are generalized. The second part of the article is devoted to hedging risks and the reasons for their occurrence as a result of inconsistency with the nature and scale of the credit institution's activities, the requirements of the current legislation and violations in the banking sector.


Grassland net primary production(NPP) can directly reflect the production capacity of grassland communities in a natural environment.Grassland NPP is an important part of the grassland carbon cycle.Simulating NPP using mathematical models has become an important and widely accepted research approach.Climate-productivity statistical models,light utilization efficiency models,eco-physiological processing models and remote sensing applications coupled with the eco-physiological process models are the primary models for grassland NPP estimation.The achievements and problems of these models are reviewed comprehensively and systematically.A future development trend of NPP estimation is further proposed in this paper.The statistical models calculate NPP base on the relationships between NPP and climatic variables(i.e.,temperature,precipitation),which require simple parameters and give poor accuracy.The theoretical basis of light utilization efficiency models is an analytical technique of photosynthesis based on the concept of photosynthesis and its associated efficiency of light utilization.Its format is simple and can use remote sensing data.Therefore,light utilization efficiency models attract much attention;even so,it has questionable results.Process modelling simulates a series of plant ecophysiological and biophysical processes to reveal their active mechanisms,but it is more complex compared with other models and may have limited practicality.Remote sensing applications coupled with the eco-physiological process model can use collected sensing data to overcome disadvantages of the light utilization efficiency and ecophysiological processing models.This may well become a major developing direction for grassland NPP estimation.Studies in grassland NPP estimation are sparse and special studies in the modeling of the grassland NPP are not commonly reported.This procedure is meaningful to develop the grassland NPP for China as another tool with freedom knowledge property right and performance.


- Sixteenth and seventeenth-eentury views on language were eharaeterised by attention to thefunction of language in genera I and the eharacteristics of the mother tongue in particular. Furthermore, the Duteh language was in the proeess cf developingfrom a diversity cf regional dialects towards a standard language, and this standardisation proeess imp lied determining lin guistic rules or norms. I will address the question whether first language education played a role in the dissemination of linguistic norms. In order to obtain an answer, an impression of the then current education practice is given, based among others on Constantijn Huygens' and the diary cf sehoolmaster David Beek (1594-1634).


The problem and the aim of the study. One of the priorities of the modern school is informatization and individualization of education. Its implementation can be facilitated by the e-portfolio as a tool for evaluating students' individual educational results, optimizing work with information, and supporting the design of a non-linear structure for presenting materials. The purpose of the research is to study the possibilities of using the interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for implementing individual educational routes for students in the course of project activities. Research methods. The methodology is based on the analysis of the didactic potential of the e-portfolio technology, support for UNESCO initiatives, state education development programs. The analysis and synthesis of literature on the problem of using interactive tools in the digital school, processing of test results and electronic content of the portfolio are applied. The experiment involved 52 students of classes 5-10, who study at gymnasium in Kirovo-Chepetsk (Russian Federation). The designed portfolio was implemented in the environment of the Unified Regional Information System for Education of the Kirov Region. Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2 ) was used for statistical data processing. Results. The model of the interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio was developed, which determines its structure, including the sections "My individual educational route", "My lessons", "My studios", "My affairs". The implementation of the model in the unified regional information system made it possible to change the nature of the interaction between participants of educational relations in the experimental group; improve the quality of the provision of services in electronic form; determine priority areas for development for each student, etc. Statistically significant differences in qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed (χ2 = 9.302; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the features of using the proposed portfolio model are described: the principles of the unity of education and upbringing, individualization, variability, reflection and cooperation, etc. The difficulties of the proposed innovations are formulated: the need to clearly define the didactic functions of the projected portfolio; the problem of choosing digital tools; accuracy of task formulation, etc. Keywords: digitalization of education, individualization of education, e-portfolio, cloud technology, project, unified regional information system


The Business Reasons for Exporting and Doing Business Internationally. Cultural Factors: Are They Really Important?. Conducting Market Research and Targeting High Potential Markets. Managing Foreign Distribution Networks: What You Want from Foreign Partners. What Foreign Partners Want from You: The Hidden Agenda. Legal Considerations. Logistics: How to Get the Product to the Overseas Customer. Financing the Deal. Distribution Methods and Strategies. A Road Map to the U.S. Department of Commerce and Other Services. The Future of International Business. Beyond Exporting: Joint Ventures, Licensing, and Subsidiary Operations. Glossary. Index.