Abstract Four diiron toluenedithiolate complexes 2–5 with monophosphine ligands are reported. Treatment of [μ-SC6H3(CH3)S-μ]Fe2(CO)6 (1) with tris(3-chlorophenyl)phosphine, tris(4-chlorophenyl)phosphine, tris(4-methylphenyl)phosphine or 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde, and Me3NO∙2H2O in MeCN resulted in the formation of [μ-SC6H3(CH3)S-μ]Fe2(CO)5[P(3-C6H4Cl)3] (2), [μ-SC6H3(CH3)S-μ]Fe2(CO)5[P(4-C6H4Cl)3] (3), [μ-SC6H3(CH3)S-μ]Fe2(CO)5[P(4-C6H4CH3)3] (4), and [μ-SC6H3(CH3)S-μ]Fe2(CO)5[Ph2P(2-C6H4CHO)] (5) in 64–82% yields. Complexes 2–5 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 31P{1H} NMR, 13C{1H} NMR and further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular structures show that 2–5 contain a butterfly diiron toluenedithiolate cluster coordinated by five terminal carbonyls and an apical monophosphine.


From March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Viral infection is one of the environmental factors that has been associated with the development, relapse, or exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients are at an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of immune system dysfunction related to their disease as well as immunosuppression medications. So far, the most effective way to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hospitalization and death is vaccination. On the other hand, SLE patients present distinct challenges related to the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We have reviewed some reports on the onset or flare of SLE post-COVID-19 vaccination. Of note, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with increased SLE disease activity, more frequently than the other types of COVID-19 vaccines.


The political paths that preceded the Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008 were based on the fears that resulted from the occurrence of armed clashes between Georgia and its separatist regions for nearly two decades. Those fears included the Russian Federation, Georgia and the West in general and the United States in particular, depending on the interests of each of those parties; Therefore, the political side took a great deal of preserving the status quo, avoiding the use of force and the occurrence of an armed clash, However, the Georgian side torpedoed all these international, regional and local efforts. Because of the political recklessness he enjoyed, as well as the American encouragement to him; it was impossible for it to curtail the Russian role globally and regionally, but the Russian side refused to submit to those Western methods, and the political pursuit of those parties was joint and vigorous.


Commercial passenger vehicle drivers and operators who have committed serious offences will have their licences and accreditation removed under tough legislation to go before Parliament next week. Infrastructure and Transport Minister Dr Chris Burns said amendments to the Commercial Passenger (Road) Transport Act and the Motor Vehicles Act would enhance the safety of the travelling public by removing from the commercial passenger vehicle industry people who are not considered "fit and proper" because they have been convicted of a disqualifying offence. "The legislation addresses public concern about people convicted of serious offences holding licences or operating in the commercial passenger vehicle industry," Dr Burns said. "Under the new laws, an existing operator or driver who has been convicted of a disqualifying offence will have their accreditation or licence cancelled. "Any person who has a conviction for a disqualifying offence and applies to enter the industry will be refused." Disqualifying offences include murder, sexual offences and serious assaults. Offences committed in the Northern Territory, other states and territories and overseas all qualify. The amendments apply to all commercial passenger vehicle licence holders, including drivers of taxis, buses, minibuses, tourist vehicles, private hire cars, limousines and courtesy vehicles. "This sets a new standard whereby a disqualifying offence excludes a person from the industry," Dr Burns said. "In the interests of public safety, I will be seeking urgency for the passage of this legislation." The amendments considerably strengthen the existing discretionary "fit and proper" assessment system. They contain appeal provisions for people who believe exceptional circumstances apply to their particular offence.


Lampung-Dumai backbone link consisted of 11 sublinks is the optical fiber communication networks(OFCN) system using the technology of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) multiplexing with the transmissionspeed of 2,5 Gbps or STM-16 with the bit-error-rate of 10 -11 . Since 2007 the performance network, such as theoperasional bit-error-rate, transmission data capacity, the availability and reliability, has not yet been evaluated.This paper reports the results of the network performance evaluated by recalculating and remeasuring the powerlink budget to know the total losses of system affecting the operational bit-error-rate, and the rise-time budget toknow the transmission data capacity. And also, the the availability and reliability of system was investigated. Theevaluation result shows that there are 4 of 11 sublinks where its measured attenuation values are bigger than thedesigned value, hence increasing the operasional bit-error-rate in those links. However overall, the availabilityand the reliability can still be achieved 99, 5% and 99,99%, respectively, as the ITU-T standards and G.652recommendation.


The ribosomal protein S1 is essential to the initiation of translation in gram-negative bacteria. S1 is also used, at their own profit, by several bacteriophages. In particular, it accelerates the reaction rate of the phage T4 ribonuclease RegB, which specifically inactivates some of the phage early messenger RNAs by cleaving them in the middle of the GGAG sequence found in their translation initiation region. We are interested in analyzing the way S1 accelerates RegB reaction. The laboratory already identified the region of S1, formed of three conserved domains, responsible for RegB acceleration. It also showed the lifetimes of RNA-S1 and RNA-RegB complexes are short and characterized their interaction surfaces. No complex between RegB and SI could be identified. In these conditions, we wondered whether the acceleration of RegB by SI is due to the formation of a ternary complex or whether it involves a catalytic action of SI on the RNAs. To answer this question, first we solved, by NMR, The structure of two S1 domains, the 6th and 4th. We choose the domain 4 for the central position in the RegB activating domain, and the 6th domain to create a relative close model for the other domains. Second, we created a new classification of S1 domains by bioinformatics analyses. Finally we start to study the interactions between RegB, SI and some oligoribonucleotides. By simply comparing 1H-15N HSQC and HNCO experiments recorded on RegB/RNA, Sl/RNA, RegB/Sl and RegB/Sl/RNA mixes, we characterize the formation of a ternary complex.


Disclosed are methods and devices comprising an elongated probe for the in vivo detection of meconium in amniotic fluid held in an amniotic sac based on detecting the presence of Zinc-coproporphyrin I (ZnCP). ZnCP is excited at approximately 405 nm and emits characteristic fluorescence, centered at about 580 nm and less intensely at 630 nm.


From time viewpoint, operational decision-making synchronization is studied in quantify as a situation interaction process with time lag coupling. Time-consuming measure indexes of situation interaction and decision-making synchronization are proposed in the paper. On basis of it, operational decision-making synchronization is established with two phase: insinuation cogitation and insinuation interaction. From the model mathematical cases shown, the model is available and feasible, and the operational communication method, which can be used to carry out situation interaction quickly with high quality, is put forward in the paper for improving the capability of operational decision-making synchronization.


Author(s): Brysk, Alison | Abstract: Revised edition of 1994 out-of-print Stanford University Press study of human rights protest, social change, and democratization in Argentina. A symbolic politics analysis of the truth commission, trials, and policy reform in Latin America's most sweeping transition of the 1980's.


Experimental tests are described on six ring-stiffened machined circular cylinders, which were tested to destruction under uniform external pressure. Three of these vessels failed by inelastic shell instability and three of these vessels failed by inelastic general instability. Semi-empirical design charts are provided for elastic and inelastic shell and general instability, based on the present series of experiments and the results of other experiments.


Zephyra elegans D. Don is a Chilean endemic geophyte specie from the Tecophilaceae family, described as having high potential as an ornamental crop. Flowering capacity has been described to be related to corm weight. Flowering capacity can only be seen in corms over 0.3 g. Experiments were performed to initiate seeds in vitro and obtain enhanced corm weight gain. Initiation of seeds was performed in MS medium. Eight weeks after seed germination, plantlets were transferred to different MS mediums with sucrose concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g·L -1 . The objective was to achieve the highest corm weight gain. Corm weight gain was measured after 16 weeks of growth in this medium. Best weight gain was obtained with 6 and 9% sucrose levels, achieving corms over 0.3 g in the first growing season. These levels are higher than gains obtained under greenhouse conditions, where no corms of over 0.3 g in weight were obtained in the first growing season.


Discussed here is the presence of a warrior aristocracy in south-western Hungary, principally in County Somogy, during the early (and middle) Urnfield period (Br D–Ha A1-A2) based on the archaeological record. The period's offensive and protective weapons wielded by the warrior aristocracy during the Urnfield period (mid-thirteenth to ninth century BC) are exclusively known from hoards in this region; none have been recovered from burials. The Lengyeltóti V hoard contained a greave, a composite cuirass, a cheek-piece indicating the presence of a military aristocracy riding horses and wagons or chariots when going to battle and a realistic wheel model. The swords and spearheads were part of the period's offensive weaponry. The hoard's other articles represented the jewellery of the female aristocracy: a diadem, a torc and an ornamented disc pendant. The hoard contained over seven hundred items. In A. Mozsolics's view, the hoard could be assigned to the period lasting up to the close of the Hallstatt period (Ha A2). The rise of the warrior aristocracy began during the Br D, Br D/Ha A1 period, while its consolidation and heyday fell into the early Urnfield period (Ha A1). The aristocracy lived in hillforts – fortified settlements – which had a flourishing bronze industry. The number of settlements and burials declined drastically in the ensuing Ha B period in south-western Transdanubia.


A measuring device comprises at least one port, a cable connected from the outside to the at least one port, a transmitter connected to the at least one port through a switch from the inside, a receiver connected to the at least one port through the switch from the inside and a reference path connecting the transmitter with the receiver through the switch. The cable is connected to calibration elements, particularly short and open elements. The switch alternately switches in a manner that the transmitter and the receiver are connected to the at least one port in a first state and the transmitter and the receiver are connected via the reference path in a second state.


Detail research is given to servo tracking controller design that uses the backstepping sliding mode control theory incorporating the adaptive fuzzy logic in order to achieve robust tracking performance in precision machine servo system subjects to parameter variations and external disturbances. First, a backstepping sliding mode approach is proposed to compensate the uncertainties and external disturbances. Then, a fuzzy control scheme is presented to estimate the upper bound of the lumped uncertainty in the backstepping sliding mode control system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


: Single (SWNTs) and multiwalled (MWNTs) carbon nanotubes were functionalized with a titanium alkoxide catalyst through a Diels - Alder cycloaddition reaction. The catalyst-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used for the surface initiated titanium-mediated coordination polymerizations of L -lactide ( L -LA), (cid:1) -caprolactone ( (cid:1) -CL) and n -hexyl isocyanate (HIC) employing the "grafting from" technique. 1 H NMR, IR and Raman spectra showed that the precursor catalyst was successfully synthesized and covalently attached on the CNTs surface. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the grafted poly( L -lactide) (PLLA) content could be controlled with time. The final polymer-grafted CNTs were readily dissolved in organic solvents as compared to the insoluble pristine and catalyst-functionalized CNTs. The presence of thick layers of polymers around the CNTs was observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved that the glass transition ( T g ) and melting ( T m ) temperatures of the PLLA are affected by the presence of the CNTs, while PLLA R -helix conformation remains intact, as revealed by the circular dichroism (CD) spectra.


This paper presents modification detection approach for hyper spectral images based on a picture fusion and supervised classifier system. The image fusion technique is introduced to generate image by exploitation complementary information from a mean-ratio image and a log-ratio image. SWT (Stationary wave transform) fusion rules primarily based on an average operator and minimum native space Energy area unit chosen for a low-frequency band and high-frequency band, severally to restrain the background information and enhance the data of changed regions within the amalgamate distinction image. The low frequency sub band constants area unit amalgamates by choosing coefficient having most abstraction frequency. It indicates the active level of a picture. The high frequency sub band coefficients area unit amalgamates by choosing coefficients having most LDP code price. The best details of 2 pictures area unit characterized by native directional pattern descriptors before fusion and it describes native primitives as well as differing kinds of curves, corners and junctions. LDP computes the sting response values altogether eight directions at every picture element position and generates a code from the relative strength magnitude. Finally, amalgamate two completely different frequency sub bands area unit inverse reworked to reconstruct amalgamate image. The system performance is evaluated by exploitation the parameters like Peak signal to noise magnitude relation, correlation and entropy.


The invention discloses a method, an apparatus and a system for entity authentication. The method comprises the following steps that: an entity A sends authentication request message to an entity B, wherein the authentication request message includes an SN1 that is a result obtained by XOR operation of data N1 generated locally by the entity A and a pre-shared key (PSK) that is a key shard by the entity A and the entity B; the entity B receives the authentication request message sent by the entity A and XOR operation is carried out on the SN1 in the authentication request message and the PSK; after a result that is obtained by the XOR operation is processed according to a convention rule, XOR operation is again carried out on the result and the PSK so as to obtain SON1 that is then sent to the entity A by an authentication response message; and the entity A receives the authentication response message sent by the entity B and XOR operation is carried out on the SON1 in the authentication response message and the PSK; and comparison is carried out on a result obtained by the XOR operation and a result that is obtained by processing on the N1 according to a convention rule, and it is authenticated whether the entity B is legal or not according to the comparison result. According to the invention, calculation cost during the authentication process is effectively saved; and operation efficiency in the authentication process is also improved.


Driving is the preferred mode of transport for many older drivers, providing mobility to maintain independence and quality of life. The loss of driving privilege has negative psychosocial consequences, including depression. Early discussions and planning for driving retirement are therefore essential. Driving retirement, however, is typically a taboo topic for older drivers and their support networks. To understand why discussions and planning about driving retirement are avoided, 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Drawing on Löckenhoff's ageing and decision-making framework, thematic analysis of transcripts offers insights into why discussions and planning for driving retirement are avoided or facilitated. The findings reveal most older drivers had not discussed or planned for driving retirement. Barriers to discussing and planning for driving retirement included: perceptions of loss, change, death and denial. Facilitators to discussing or planning for driving retirement included: declining health and driving confidence, medical advice, age or car accident. Driving retirement in car-dependent societies is a major life event, symbolising an end-of-life stage for many older people. This paper calls for strategies to encourage early and regular discussions about driving retirement with older drivers. To support older drivers' transition to driving retirement, an understanding of the value and meaning placed on driving in the context of the individuals' identity and lifestyle is recommended.


Direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) methods are being used to fabricate complex metallic cellular structures with a laser or electron beam over a metal powder bed. Even though their excellent capabilities to fabricate parts with cellular mesostructure, there exist several constraints in the processes and applications; limited selection of materials, high thermal stress by the high local energy source, poor surface finish and anisotropic properties of parts caused by combined effects of one-dimensional (1D) energy based patterning mechanism, the deposition layer thickness, powder size, power and travel speed of laser or electron beam. In addition, manufacturing cost is still high with the Direct-metal AM processes. As an alternative way to manufacture metallic 3D cellular structures, which can overcome the disadvantages of direct-metal AM techniques, polymer AM methods can be combined with metal casting. We may call this "Indirect AM based Casting (I AM casting)". The objective of the study is to explore the potential of I AM Casting associated with development of a novel manufacturing process Indirect 3D Printing based casting which is capable of producing metallic cellular structures within a cell size of 3mm and cell thickness of 0.5mm. We will characterize polymers making sacrificial patterns by PolyJet typed 3D printers; e.g., melting and glass transition temperatures and thermal expansion coefficients. A transient flow and heat-transfer analysis of molten metal through 3D cellular network mold will be conducted. Solidification of molten metal through cellular mold during casting will be simulated with temperature dependent properties of molten metal and mold over a range of running temperature. The volume of fluid (VOF) method will be implemented to simulate the solidification of molten metal together with a user defined function (UDF) of ANSYS/FLUENT. Finally, experimental validation will be followed.


(A) Zeolite (''ECR-17'') has the compsn. (aH, bCs)2O:Al2O3:xSiO2 (I), where a = 0.6-1; b = 0-0.4; a + b = 1.0 +/- 0.05; x = 7 or more; and a specified CuK alpha X-ray diffraction pattern (d) (Angstrom, I/IO): where the 3 highest are 14.1-13.8, 100 +/- 20; 12.3-12.0, 15 +/- 10; and 8.7-8.47, 30 +/- 10. (B) Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprises a zeolite defined as in (A). (C) Hydrocarbon conversion, pref. cracking, process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon with the catalyst of (B) under conversion conditions. In formula (I), pref. x = about 8-2,000. The H, Cs and Na ions in the zeolite may be at least partly replaced by cations of metal(s) from Gps. I-VIII and NH4. The catalyst pref. also contains a matrix component, comprising Al2O3, clay or other inorganic oxide. ECR-17's structure seems to be very similar to that of CSZ-1 (US 4,309,313).


Using multicultural literature in the classroom has become a focus in recent years as classrooms have become more diverse. While offering teachers and students many opportunities to gain broader understandings about the world, the use of multicultural literature also presents challenges. The challenge is not only obtaining high quality multicultural texts, but the greater challenge may be creating an awareness among teachers of the important role multicultural literature plays in the lives of children. Multicultural literature helps children identify with their own culture, exposes children to other cultures, and opens the dialogue on issues regarding diversity. As instructors who teach language arts methods courses, these challenges became evident through an assignment given to our preservice teachers in which students were prompted to examine their beliefs and practices regarding the use of multicultural literature in the classroom. It is not uncommon for preservice teachers to have unexamined beliefs about cultural diversity and to have little understanding of the impact of their beliefs on classroom interaction, discussion and practices (Sleeter, 2001; Wiggans & Folio, 1999; Willis & Harris, 1997). This became apparent as our students shared their ideas after reading and reflecting upon "African American children's literature that helps students find themselves: Selection guidelines for grades K-3" (Hefflin & Barksdale-Ladd, 2001). In this article, Hefflin and Barksdale-Ladd (2001) discuss the importance of children relating to characters and situations found in books reflective of their own culture. The absence of African American characters and culture in books found in many primary classrooms is discussed and its impact on children of color is highlighted. Students need to be able to make connections between literature and their everyday lives. Children need to receive affirmation of themselves and their culture through literature (Bieger, 1995/1996), and be able to connect text to self in order to promote greater meaning (Dietrich & Ralph, 1995; Keene & Zimmerman, 1997; Rosenblatt, 1978). With this in mind, we set out to explore prospective teacher's understandings of the use of multicultural literature in the classroom. Specifically, we examined changes in their beliefs and proposed practices based on new understandings regarding the importance of using literature in the classroom that portrays a variety of cultures, themes and views. Our students were asked to respond to the Hefflin and Barksdale-Ladd article using one or more of the following prompts (adapted from Reif, 1992): quote and discuss, ask questions, share experiences/memories, react, and/or connect. Upon reading these reflections, we were struck by the Heightening Awarness about the Importance of Using Multicultural Literature


We present a new algorithm based on an gradient ascent for a general Active Exploration bandit problem in the fixed confidence setting. This problem encompasses several well studied problems such that the Best Arm Identification or Thresholding Bandits. It consists of a new sampling rule based on an online lazy mirror ascent. We prove that this algorithm is asymptotically optimal and, most importantly, computationally efficient.


Background. Ghana is one of several West African countries receiving high volumes of used electric and electronic equipment and waste. Within the capital city of Accra, one scrapyard has been the s...


Most key elements of ferroelectric properties are defined through the hysteresis loops. For a ferroelectric ceramic, its loop is contributed collectively by its constituent grains, each having its own hysteresis loop when the ceramic polycrystal is under a cyclic electric field. In this paper, we propose a polycrystal hysteresis model so that the hysteresis loop of a ceramic can be calculated from the loops of its constituent grains. In this model a micromechanics-based thermodynamic approach is developed to determine the hysteresis behaviour of the constituent grains, and a self-consistent scheme is introduced to translate these behaviours to the polycrystal level. This theory differs from the classical phenomenological ones in that it is a micromechanics-based thermodynamic approach and it can provide the evolution of new domain concentration among the constituent grains. It also differs from some recent micromechanics studies in its secant form of self-consistent formulation and in its application of irreversible thermodynamics to derive the kinetic equation of domain growth. To put this two-level micromechanics theory in perspective, it is applied to a ceramic PLZT 8/65/35, to calculate its hysteresis loop between the electric displacement and the electric field (D versus E), and the butterfly-shaped longitudinal strain versus the electric field relation (ε versus E). The calculated results are found to be in good quantitative agreement with the test data. The corresponding evolution of new domain concentration c1 and the individual hysteresis loops of several selected grains—along with those of the overall polycrystal—are also illustrated.


The microstructure,resistivity and mechanical property of Al Si Mn Fe alloys are studied.The composition of aluminium alloy is found,which not only meets requirement of resistivity,but also has good casting properties and mechanical properties for motor rotors of high torque and high slip.The new aluminium alloys have been tested and applied on production of electric machines of high torque and high slip.


In the first part of this article an account was given of the present situation in the British West African Colonies, of some of the problems now existing, or likely to arise, and of the contribution which might be made by sociological research to their solution.


Social participation may be understood as a process in which the population itself assumes responsibility for identifying, carrying out, and evaluating actions necessary for solving problems. The Ecuadorian canton of Cotacachi, under the guidance of the mayor, created mechanisms for identifying and resolving problems through collective work. Assemblies were held in September and October 1996 in the canton and zone to discuss problems. Health problems identified by participants included toxic effects of pesticides used by flower plantations, absence of environmental protection, lack of health education, and poor medical attention. The community proposed a series of solutions: educational programs, potable water and sewage services, municipal ordinances, and an inter-institutional committee. The Intersectorial Health Committee of Cotacachi was formed in December 1996 and immediately formed a Diagnostic Commission consisting of representatives of the health and educational sectors, the local peasant syndicate, and other organizations, with technical assistance from Cepar. The representatives made available the information on Cotacachi from their organizations, but the Commission concluded that existing information was incomplete and failed to reflect the viewpoints of the local community. A survey was planned to fill in the gaps. Community members were trained as interviewers for the survey, which was based on the problems identified by community members. The organizations provided logistical assistance and conducted a campaign to explain the survey to the population and request cooperation. The results will serve as the basis for proposing solutions once data processing is complete.


Two sets of data of daily total net radiation absorbed by single trees (Qn, MJ d -1) were analyzed, being: one, for an isolated walnut tree with 26.4m2 of leaf area, in Palmerston North, New Zealand; and another, for an acid lime citrus tree of about 40m2 of leaf area, grown in a small orchard in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. In both trees Qn values was determined by a revolving device supporting net radiometers (8 for the walnut and 6 for the citrus) placed in a equilatitudinal distribution. Daily total "measured" Qn was determined by adding the contribution of each sensor weighted with its fractional sampled area. Correlating Qn with the standard weather station grass net radiation (Rng, MJ m-2 d-1) it was found that such relationship was a function of the tree leaf area (TLA), that is, Qn was directly proportional to TLA within the range of leaf area used. Making Qn* = Qn / TLA (MJ m-2 of leaf area d -1) it correlated well with Rng, giving the unique relationship Qn* = 0.32 (± 0.02) Rng (r2 = 0.9153; n = 40), for both trees. Such empirical function is proposed as a first approximation for a transfer function between Rng and Qn. Thus, the main problem is to find an easy and reliable way to determine the tree leaf area. Problems with the Qn measuring system are discussed.


In this paper we consider the estimation of the conditional quantile polynomial distributed lag (QPDL) using neural network to investigate the influence of the conditioning variables on the location, scale and shape parameters of the QPDL model developed. This method avoids the need for a distributional assumption and applies conditional quantiles approach which allows the investigator to employ a range of conditional functions which exposes a variety of forms of conditional heterogeneity to give a more comprehensive picture of the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The models fitted were adequate with very high R-square and low AIC values across the quantiles. We observe the effects of the quantiles on the dependent variables through the various GAM-style plots. Also from the actual and the predicted plots we observed that there was no difference between them. The results suggest that neural network used in estimating the QPDL model offers a useful alternative for estimating the conditional density, as artificial neural networks have proven to produce good prediction results in regression problems.


Most people know that in antiquity, as in our day, the Olympics were celebrated every four years. Most classicists know that in antiquity the Olympics were not the only major athletic festival in existence, but formed a part of the famous periodos ("tour", "circuit"), a series of four athletic festivals which were scheduled with an eye to each other in such a way that every year saw one or two celebrations of games in this most prestigious group of festivals.1


With fast development of voltage-source-converters (VSC) HVDC transmission technology, the technology of DC cable with extruded insulation system has also been developed rapidly. The application voltage levels of DC cable based on thermoset insulation are 200kV, 320kV and 525kV. Compared with thermoset insulation, thermoplastic insulated cables have advantages in environmental friendliness, current carrying capacity, production speed, etc. However, there is currently no high-voltage thermoplastic insulated DC cable system in China. In this paper, the electrical stress simulation research of ±100kV VSC-HVDC transmission system has been carried out, and the electrical stress of the 100kV VSC HVDC transmission project on the thermoplastic insulated cable system has been determined. It provides a reference for formulation development of the insulation material and design of the cable system structure for 100kV thermoplastic insulated DC cables.


Henstock--Kurzweil integral, a nonabsolute integral, is a natural extension of the Riemann integral that was studied independently by Ralph Henstock and Jaroslav Kurzweil. This paper will introduce the Henstock--Kurzweil--Stieltjes integral of $\mathcal{C}[a,b]$-valued functions defined on a closed interval $[f,g]\subseteq\mathcal{C}[a,b]$, where $\mathcal{C}[a,b]$ is the space of all continuous real-valued functions defined on $[a,b]\subseteq\mathbb{R}$. Some simple properties of this integral will be formulated including the Cauchy criterion and an existence theorem will be provided.


The invention relates to an organic modified epoxy resin and its preparing method as well as electronic packaging material made from it and the preparing method of this packaging material. At normal temperature and normal pressure, using 100 share biphenol A epoxy resin to react with 0-20 share alkyl silicon and 0-100 share chloride terminated polysiloxane in an organic solvent in weight share, after completing reaction, washing out quaternary ammonium salts, then making vacuum distillation to eliminate the organic solvent, and obtaining the product modified resin; in weight share, mixing the obtained modified resin with 0-200 share phenol aldehyde epoxy resin, 0-100 share bromic epoxy resin and 0-100 share phosphoric epoxy resin, using 0-80 share high-temperature solidifying agent so as to obtain more excellent performance electronic packaging epoxy resin material, which has high Tg, high flexibility, low water absorption ratio, and other properties, beneficial to large-scale spread and application as well as industrialization.


Background and objective The combination remifentanil–propofol was used for tracheal intubation without muscle relaxant in patients with anticipated difficult airway. Using a target-controlled infusion, we compared the remifentanil concentrations required for intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope and the Glidescope, at a constant plasma concentration of propofol without muscle relaxant. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients were randomly assigned to either the Macintosh or Glidescope group (30 per group). A target-controlled infusion of propofol was used to maintain a predetermined effect-site concentration of 3 μg ml−1. The target concentration of remifentanil for each patient in a group was determined by the response of the previous patient, using increments or decrements of 0.5 ng ml−1. Intubation was attempted at 4 min following induction to allow for equilibration between the blood and the effect site. The intubation response was graded as successful or failure by the Helbo-Hansen scoring system. The median effective concentration of remifentanil for tracheal intubation was determined using the probit regression model. Results The median effective concentration of remifentanil required for intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope was 4.41 ng ml−1 (3.13–5.27; 95% confidence interval) and that of the Glidescope was 5.45 ng ml−1 (4.45–6.45; 95% confidence interval; P = 0.083). There was no difference in the total intubation scores. No patients showed signs of muscle rigidity. Arterial pressures or heart rate did not differ between the groups. Conclusion There is no strong evidence that the target remifentanil concentrations required for adequate intubating conditions differed according to the technique used for intubation in the nonparalysed patient. We did not detect any major complications using this technique for either method.


This study was conducted based on the fact that the thinking ability of Indonesian students, especially at the level of higher order thinking skills as well as analyzing, understanding, creating a new idea and applying the knowledge in literacy is below the average.Hence, this research was led to investigate the effect of using brainstormingmethod to develop higher order thinking skillsin teaching reading to the studentsof MAN 1 Banda Aceh and to know the students' perception toward the implementation of brainstorming method to develop HOTS in learning reading. This experimental research involved one class to be given the treatment which was class XI-Bahasa in MAN 1 Banda Aceh in the academic year 2017/2018totaling 33 students. The data were obtained through pre-tests,posttestand the questionnaire. The findings of this research showed that the students' higher order thinking skills improve as a result of implementing brainstorming method. This can be understood from the t-test result, where the calculated value of t-scoreis higher than t-table (5.09>2.74).In addition, the result of the questionnaire indicated that majority of students were happy learning reading by using brainstorming method and most of them believed that brainstorming method could facilitate them to accomplish the questions at the level of HOTS in learning reading. In conclusion,the implementation of brainstorming method in teaching reading generates meaningful progress todevelop higher order thinking skills of the students of MAN 1 Banda Aceh.


Background. Majority of population in Tanah Karo District, Indonesia are farmers (88.54%), which is always use pesticides to their planting. The use of pesticides with high intensity and continuously will cause a negative impact on health. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure, including the length of work, length of spraying, spraying techniques and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) with farmers' cholinesterase levels. Method. This research was an observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. Samples were 40 farmers. Data collection through questionnaires and health checks. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. Result. The result showed that from 40 farmers, 13 farmers had below normal cholinesterase levels, there was relationship between the length of spraying, spraying techniques, and the use of PPE with cholinesterase levels with p 0,05. Conclusion. Farmers who have long been exposed to pesticides can reduce levels of cholinesterase, especially if they don't pay attention to spraying techniques and use PPE, it can cause poisoning. It is recommended to the Department of Agriculture Karo District to monitor and supervise the use of pesticides on farmers, and for farmers to pay attention to the use of PPE, spraying techniques, and monitor their health status regularly at the health center.


This paper explores the use of weighted space syntax models to contribute to the process of integrated urban planning for Jeddah as part of a major planning project in the Saudi Arabia. The Municipality of Jeddah commissioned the production of an integrated suite of planning documents. These plans coordinate Strategic, Sub-Regional, Structural and Local plans across a citywide region and aim to provide a framework for sustainable urban growth and development over the next 20 years. This paper focuses on the space syntax methodologies used to aid urban planners to develop the Structure Plan and builds on the research used to develop the Sub-Regional Plan (Karimi et al, 2015). The Structure Plan studied how the urban structure of the city could accommodate the growth of population by about three million over the next 20 years. This included developing and testing a centres strategy to distribute population, employment and supporting facilities along with a public transport strategy for the city. For analysing the potential and requirements of the city, an Integrated Urban Model (IUM) was constructed to combine the spatial network with land use, population, employment and public transport. The aim of this model was to test the impact of changes in the distribution of population and employment. It also allowed the assessment of public transport alignments. The IUM is a key design tool for planning and optimising the relationships between population, employment and public transport. It was also used to provide a benchmarking methodology to compare options. Because the model links people to employment using the spatial network and public transport, the performance of options can be expressed in terms of benefits to the city's population.


The invention relates to substituted 1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-on derivatives of general formula (I), to a method for the preparation thereof, drugs containing said compounds and to the use of said derivatives for the production of drugs.


PMDA-ODA polyimide thin films can be formed by vapor co-deposition of the precursor molecules PMDA (pyromellitic dianhydride) and ODA (4, 4′-oxydianiline) if the resulting polyamic acid film is heated to a 473 to 573 K cure step. We have used laser Raman spectroscopy to study how dose composition, dose rate, and substrate temperature influence the properties of the resulting polyimide films. We find that only doses with excess PMDA produce high quality films. Doses with 1 : 1 stoichiometry or excess ODA produce thermally unstable films that contain imine bonds; these films decompose below 575 K. Dosing onto substrates below 315 K produces the polyamic acid precursor of polyimide. At higher substrate temperatures, films with high defect densities or decomposed films are produced. The equilibrium vapor pressures of ODA and PMDA are reported.


Taking NO.1 sand site located in Tongma Embankment as an example,This paper introduces the use of Li-zheng geotechnical software in slope stability analysis.


Family relationships have a unique quality that does not occur in other environments and each family lives different practices that make it unrepeatable; this allows a learn–learn as parents and children, in addition these relationships have correspondence with the development of the values that are manifested in family and that are finally transmitted in society. The research was carried out at the national level to 1,200 children, aged between 8 and 11 years, observing with more influence values to responsibility, friendship, order, religiosity and nature.


Optical emission spectra (OES) of a CH4-H2 plasma during synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using an Au catalyst were in-situ examined for the purpose of understanding the formation mechanism of SWNTs over the Au catalyst. From OES analysis, it was shown that changing the hydrogen related radicals, which are regarded as etching species in SWNTs growth by varying the H2 flow rate made effects on the diameter and yield of the SWNTs. Also OES investigations during the SWNTs growth suggest that CH/Hαcan be useful for finding the optimum condition for the SWNTs growth by plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) method. PACs: 61.48.De; 81.07.De; 78.67.Ch; 07.60.Rd


Abstract Hawai'i has a unique natural history, ideal for studying the mechanisms of evolution. With over 90% endemism in its native flora of 1300 species, over half are threatened with extinction. This immense challenge requires working collaboratively, effectively, and efficiently. Despite extensive conservation activity, we do not have a unified strategy, and leaders in Hawaiian conservation are discussing the creation of a Hawai'i Strategy for Plant Conservation (HSPC) based on the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) targets. Here we analyze the effectiveness of the conservation work taking place in Hawai'i through the lens of the GSPC Targets 1 to 3 that include: (1) the establishment of an online flora of all known plants; (2) the assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species; and (3) the development and sharing of research and methodology related to on-the-ground conservation.


Abstract The effects of FeCr particulates (FeCrp) on microstructure, and thermal and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Cu—Sn metal matrix composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, low cycle fatigue testing, hardness measurements, and Charpy V notch impact testing. Carbides of type M23C6 and M7C3 were precipitated around the FeCrp in the matrix of the α-Cu—Sn structure. Hence, hardness, fatigue life, tensile strength, and the grain coarsening temperature of the Cu—Sn alloy increased and the toughness of the samples decreased The electrical resistivity of sintered specimens was measured in the temperature interval 298–328 K, and in this temperature interval it was seen that the FeCrp increased electrical and thermal resistance.


Shale oil resources in North America have become a key contributor to the world's oil production. Multi-stage fractured horizontal wells are the most common and effective well completion design to economically develop these low productivity reservoirs. An initial productivity multiplier of up to 12 is expected. As oil production of these wells declines sharply after a short period, the estimated final recovery from these wells is still low, depending on geology and fluid properties, but typically 3% to 12%.1


[Abstract] Pluripotency and the capability for self-renewal are essential characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which hold great potential as a cellular source for tissue replacement. Short cell cycle (15-16 h) compared to somatic cells is another property of hESCs. Efficient synchronization of hESCs at different cell cycle stages is important to elucidate the mechanistic link between cell cycle regulation and cell fate decision. This protocol describes how to establish synchronization of hESCs at different cell cycle stages.


Monitoring the small variations of a medium is increasingly important in subsurface geophysics due to climate change. Classical seismic surface wave dispersion methods are limited to quantitative estimations of these small variations when the variation ratio is smaller than 10 per cent, especially in the case of variations in deep media. Based on these findings, we propose to study the contributions of the Rayleigh wave phase velocity derivative with respect to frequency. More precisely, in the first step of assessing its feasibility, we analyse the effects of the phase velocity derivative on the inversion of the fundamental mode in the simple case of a two-layer model. The behaviour of the phase velocity derivative is first analysed qualitatively: the dispersion curves of phase velocity, group velocity and the phase velocity derivative are calculated theoretically for several series of media with small variations. It is shown that the phase velocity derivatives are more sensitive to variations of a medium. The sensitivity curves are then calculated for the phase velocity, the group velocity and the phase velocity derivative to perform quantitative analyses. Compared to the phase and group velocities, the phase velocity derivative is sensitive to variations of the shallow layer and the deep layer shear wave velocity in the same wavelength (frequency) range. Numerical data are used and processed to obtain dispersion curves to test the feasibility of the phase velocity derivative in the inversion. The inversion results of the phase velocity derivative are compared with those of phase and group velocities and show improved estimations for small variations (variation ratio less than 5 per cent) of deep layer shear wave velocities. The study is focused on laboratory experiments using two reduced-scale resin-epoxy models. The differences of these two-layer models are in the deep layer in which the variation ratio is estimated as 16.4 ± 1.1 per cent for the phase velocity inversion and 17.1 ± 0.3 per cent for the phase velocity derivative. The latter is closer to the reference value 17 per cent, with a smaller error.


China is one of the countries where the prevalence rate of endemic fluorosis is very high.There are about one hundred million people suffering fluorosis.Many researchers are paying more and more attention to this field.Recently,some researches indicated that particular nutrients can influence fluorosis.This article reviewed the relationship between intake of protein and energy,mineral,vitamin and the occurrence and sequelae of fluorosis.


The power balance analysis of D-T, D-3He, and catalyzed D-D fusion fuel cycles in a steady state tandem mirror reactor is carried out. For these cycles possibilities of burning in the tandem mirror reactor with the central cell plasma amplification factor Qo1>10 are shown. Parameters of plasma and confinement system are calculated. It is shown that in the tandem mirror reactor it is possible to realize low radioactive fusion cycle on the base of D-3He reaction with production of part or full required value of 3He in D-D reaction.


Most food contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water, which form a food's microstructure. Processing methods, however, change the microscopic structure of the food material. This has a strong influence on final product properties, such as rheology, glass transition, moisture sorption, and so on. In this work, plain yogurt was selected as a model food to analyze microscopic structural changes after processing using different drying methods: air, vacuum, freeze, and microwave vacuum drying. Structural changes were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffraction pattern. Dried yogurt exhibits an amorphous type molecular structure in all four types of drying methods adopted. In addition, FTIR analysis showed no quantitative difference in their composition by adopting different drying methods. The moisture sorption characteristics of the dried yogurt were also studied. Sorption data were fitted into a GAB-model equation with a high correlation coefficient of 0.99.


The ageing of pressure vessel steels under radiation has been correlated with the formation of more or less dilute solute clusters which are investigated in this work using a multiscale approach based on ab initio and atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) simulations. The microstructure evolution of Fe alloys is modeled by AKMC on a lattice, using pair interactions adjusted on DFT calculations. Several substitutional elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Si, P) and foreign interstitials (C, N) are taken into account to describe the alloy. The point defect created by the irradiation, i.e. the vacancies and self interstitials have a tendency to form clusters. The evolution of these clusters is governed by the migration energy of the individual point defects which is very heavy in terms of computing time due to the large number of AKMC steps required. The structure of all the possible objects that can form is complex and some optimized and accelerated methods will be presented.


Neurot Recordings is very pleased to deliver a full-length collaborative debut between apocalyptic doom duo, THE BODY, and grindcore/harsh noise ...


E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com December 20, 2010, Accepted May 19, 20114-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquin-oxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corre-sponding Schiff's bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5- a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) weresynthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetyl-chloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinonesVIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff's bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structuresof all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of


The present paper intends to introduce the author's method of controlling chaos so as to improve the seepage line of tailings dam. The said method has been realized through analyzing the largest Lyapunov exponent for evaluating the change of chaotic features of the time series before and after stacking with a periodic vibration. The method helps to monitor the seepage line data of tailings dam in Yinshan lead-Zinc Mine, Jiangxi, indicating that the largest Lyapunov exponent can be reduced by stacking with a periodic vibration. The reducing degree, as a matter of fact, proves to be in inverse proportion to the periodicity of the vibration but in direct proportion to the amplitude. Furthermore, the safety degree of the tailings dam can be improved with the successful application of the above method in timely discharging tailings, adjusting reservoir level, draining, using different reservoirs and so on. As a case of chaos controlling with the method, a detailed analysis of flood prevention has been provided in the paper, whose result shows that the method introduced here is feasible.


Radioactive waste is stored in underground storage tanks at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). Recent experience has shown that steel not in contact with the bulk waste solution or slurry, but exposed to the "vapor space" above the bulk waste, may be vulnerable to the initiation and propagation of corrosion, including pitting and stress corrosion cracking, in spite chemistry controls. Experiments have now been completed in complex radioactive waste simulants, in addition to the prior experiments in simple nitrate, nitrite, hydroxide solutions. The solution chemistries tested included minor waste constituents in addition to the NaNO3, NaNO2, and NaOH which comprise the bulk of the high level radioactive waste. The additional constituents were the sodium salts of aluminate, carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, chromate, and fluoride; and nitrate salts of transition metals, typically found in the high level waste. The results indicate (1) Minor (i.e. non-reportable) and isolated pitting is possible within crevices vapor space of the tanks that contain low levels of stagnant dilute solution for an extended period of time and (2) Liquid/air interfacial corrosion is possible in dilute stagnant solutions, particularly with high chloride concentrations. However, it is clear that when stagnant conditions with high concentrations of aggressive species exist at the boundary conditions of the chemistry control program, localized corrosion, particularly at the liquid/air interface may pose a vulnerability.


The present invention relates to a welding apparatus for welding, which comprises a bolt head welded to a fixture, a bolt rod extending from the bolt head and threaded on the outer circumferential surface and passing through the object, and a bolt nut Including the portion of the object to be inspected.


The article deals with the actual problem of integrating waste processing facilities (WRO) into the urban structure. The purpose of the work is to identify trends in the formation of WROs and formulate recommendations for including these objects in the context of the environment of St. Petersburg. As part of the research work in 2022, the Department of Architectural Design of SPbGASU carried out a comprehensive analysis of the sites proposed by the St. Petersburg Civil Aviation Committee for the placement of these objects. The general territorial requirements that impact the subsequent design of the WRO have been established. A systematic analysis of foreign experience in designing WROs has been carried out, and factors - internal and external - that affect the formation of the studied objects have been identified. It has been established that the solution of interrelations between internal and external factors leads to the organization of subordinate pairs of factors. The main trends in the creation of space-planning parameters of waste processing buildings are determined, taking into account the humanization of their appearance: the multifunctionality of the object, configuration options for the technological module, the influence of the environment on the shape of the object (imitation of the nature of the relief) and landscaping of facades. The obtained results are systematized and recommendations are given in the formation of WRO in the conditions of St. Petersburg: at the level of the general plan of the WRO, organization of the functional zoning of the object, comparison of the image of the building with the urban environment and / or landscape.


The objective of the study is to identify the reality of listening skills during the lecture and the scientific dialogue among female students of the Faculty of Education at King Saud University. The researchers used the descriptive survey approach. The tool of the study is the questionnaire and was distributed to 130 female students from the College of Education at King Saud University in the second semester of 1436. The study population was 1966 female students in the Faculty of Education by (6,6%). The results of the study showed that the reality of listening skill among female students of the College of Education at King Saud University during the lecture is mostly acceptable and needs more development and attention. The reality of listening skills among female students of the College of Education at King Saud University in scientific dialogue. Among the recommendations of the study is the importance of teaching courses on listening to the stage of university education, paying attention to the evaluation of listening skills of female students of the College of Education at King Saud University.


A modified method was proposed to prepare 2-arylbenzimidazoles, 2-(aryl-Y-methyl)benzimidazoles, and some of their 1-ethoxycarbonyl derivatives. The condensation reactions of 2-methylbenzimidazole, 2-(aryloxymethyl)benzimidazole, and 2-(arylthiomethyl)benzimidazole with aromatic aldehydes and phthalic anhydride were also investigated. For series of prepared 2-arylbenzimidazoles the N—H stretching frequencies were correlated with substituent constants of the aryl moiety. The synthesized compounds exhibit moderate growth-stimulating activity on the roots and cotyledons of Zea mays L.


Abstract The use of incentives as a management instrument has become evident in various contexts. It is a factor that needs to be explored in greater detail to improve its effectiveness. The paper focuses on demonstrating the evolution of the concept, and the debates regarding the employment of such incentives as an effective approach in organisational and policy environments. This paper also explores organisational theories and the role of incentives, the psychology of incentives, andthe various critiques of incentives. In its recommendation, it proposes the use of an expanded principal agent model for the shaping and application of incentives in the policy management organisational context. The notion of employing incentives needs to be explored in more detail and it is further proposed that it can contribute towards more effective achievement of public policy and organisational outcomes in societies, if they are shaped for their appropriate contexts and specific relational requirements.


The application of simulations of z-pinch implosions should have at least two goals: first, to properly model the most important physical processes occurring in the pinch allowing for a better understanding of the experiments and second, provide a design capability for future experiments. Beginning with experiments fielded at Los Alamos on the Pegasus I and Pegasus II capacitor banks, we have developed a methodology for simulating hollow z-pinches in two dimensions which has reproduced important features of the measured experimental current drive, spectrum, radiation pulse shape, peak power and total radiated energy (1,2,3). This methodology employs essentially one free parameter, the initial level of the random density perturbations imposed at the beginning of the 2-D simulation, but in general no adjustments to other parameters (such as the resistivity) are required (1). Limitations in the use of this approach include the use of the 3-T, gray diffusion treatment of radiation and the fact that the initia...


Comprehensive IT security expects all threats and every possible consequence to be identified in order to deduce and develop appropriate counter measures. This article describes two exemplary threats to an IT infrastructure: "Hacking Internal Networks" and "A Highly Promising Target: Web Applications".


The time-dependent characteristics of a non-equilibrium Faraday-type MHD generator operating under the condition of "fully ionized seed regime" are analyzed, to examine the practical applicability of this regime. Potassium-seeded argon plasma is adopted as the working gas. High electrical efficiencies are known to be realizable with this fully ionized seed regime, but such a regime severely narrows down the range of operating conditions that ensure maintenance of stable plasma, and this introduces the risk of incurring dynamical instabilities like fluctuations of output power occasioned by minor derangements of the plasma state such as small changes affecting the seed density, gas pressure or load current of the generator. Moreover, for a given load resistance, the generator has two operating points-one in the stable region free from ionization instability, and the other in the partially-ionized region of argon. When the operating point is shifted from the former to the latter point, the generator output power diminishes sharply. Some technique for suppressing the dynamical instability would require to be established.


In rat liver after bilateral adrenalectomy de novo purine biosynthesis was studied 24, 48 and 72 hours in comparison to sham-operated control. At these time points the rate of de novo purine biosynthesis assayed by [14C]glycine incorporation to hepatic purines significantly increased by 1.61, 1.95 and 2.01 folds respectively associated with comparable free glycine concentration in plasma or liver tissue. Hepatic concentration of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate(PRPP) increased by 2.91, 1.50 and 1.75 folds at these 3 time points. 24 hours after bilateral adrenalectomy ATP and GTP concentration decreased by 33 and 24% respectively which were counterbalanced by the increased concentration of AMP(245%) and GMP(38%) associated with 18% decrease of adenylate energy charge. The replacement of corticosterone acetate to adrenal-ectomized animals for 24 hours partially reversed these changes. The results suggest that the increased rate of de novo purine biosynthesis in adrenal-ectomized rat liver is mediated by the increased concentration of PRPP and that it is compensatory against increased catabolism of purine ribonucleotides as a result of increased AMP concentration.


The article deals with the structure and dynamics of user's interest in music videos published on the international video hosting YouTube. The data for the research were obtained from YouTube Analytics service for the author's personal YouTube channel, which is devoted mainly to Russian and Ukrainian vocal music. The results of common search requests in YouTube have been analyzed, too. The research was carried out in statics and dynamics. In statics, in the aspect of number of views and the total viewing time, the distribution of users' interest in individual vocal compositions was investigated. Besides, different countries were ranged from the point of view of their generalized interest. In dynamics, the patterns of change in users' interest in a 3-years period are considered. In general, the graph of user's interest is the result of the interaction of some downward or upward trend and cyclical seasonal fluctuations. Some geopolitical features of users' interest in Russian traditional and classical music have been also revealed and discussed.


We present a new and exploratory approach to determine the DELTAbeta(beta)-shift in the O(3) nonlinear sigma-model. The method is based on a scaling hypothesis for a free energy difference, which is assumed to be valid in a situation where the mass gap correlation length xi is of the order or larger than the linear extent L of the considered square lattice sizes. The free energy difference arises from the finite volume constraint effective potential bf the theory. While the constraint effective potential is calculated in numerical simulations employing a variant of the multicanonical ensemble on medium sized lattices, it is possible to estimate DELTAbeta(beta) up to a value of beta = 2.8 in the standard parameterization of the model.


Naturally regenerated broadleaf saplings are removed from planted spruce stands to enhance their productivity and quality. Early cleaning is typically carried out motor-manually with brush saws, but a shrinking labor force and economic pressures have spurred the development of machinery that can perform this task quickly, cheaply, and to a high standard. In Finland, Naarva uprooters are currently used in early cleaning. The uprooter devices are attached to harvester booms. They grip and lift a bunch of sprouts from the ground and break their roots, thereby preventing their regrowth. However, their efficiency has to be explored in terms of the quality of cleaning in various situations. We evaluated the productivity of two Naarva uprooter models (the P25 and the P55) in a work-study setting and found that an uprooter cleans at an average rate of one hectare per 6.3 productive work hours under average conditions. Productivity and quality of work decreased when the density and mean height of broadleaf saplings increased. There were no significant differences in work rate, costs or quality between the two models. However, the P25 is lighter, smaller, less expensive to purchase, and, according to operators, easier to handle. Mechanized early cleaning with an uprooter was found to perform to a similar standard and at a similar rate to motor-manual techniques, which translates to lower cost efficiency in direct comparison. However, uprooting is more cost-effective when taking into account that motor-manual cleaning must be repeated several times due to sprouting and regrowth of previously cut seedlings.


For the long-range one-dimensional Ising spin-glass with random couplings decaying as J(r) ∝ r−σ, the scaling of the effective coupling defined as the difference between the free energies corresponding to periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions JR(N) ≡ F(P)(N) − F(AP)(N) ∼ Nθ(σ) defines the droplet exponent θ(σ). Here we study numerically the instability of the renormalization flow of the effective coupling JR(N) with respect to magnetic, disorder and temperature perturbations respectively, in order to extract the corresponding chaos exponents ζH(σ), ζJ(σ) and ζT(σ) as a function of σ. Our results for ζT(σ) are interpreted in terms of the entropy exponent θS(σ) ≃ 1/3 which governs the scaling of the entropy difference S(P)(N) − S(AP)(N) ∼ NθS(σ). We also study the instability of the ground state configuration with respect to perturbations, as measured by the spin overlap between the unperturbed and the perturbed ground states, in order to extract the corresponding chaos exponents ζHoverlap(σ)?> and ζJoverlap(σ)?>.


Public health librarians face many challenges in collection development because the field is multidisciplinary, the collection's users have varied needs, and many of the essential resources are grey literature materials. Further, little has been published about public health selection tools. However, librarians responsible for these areas have a number of resources available for their use. As in any subject area, each has its strengths and weaknesses, and users will have to consider their individual collection's needs when deciding which tools are most valuable to them.


ABSTRACT

 The development of new and highly efficient synthetic approaches for the preparation of valuable intermediates and industrially important products are more interesting and remains as a fundamental objective in the synthetic chemistry. In this regard, the present thesis has described six chapters; the first two chapters focused on utilizing singlet oxygen as a mild oxidant system for oxidative functionalization of ethers and direct oxidation of cyclicketones to dicarboxylic acids. In the chapters 3-6, visible light mediated organic functional group transformations using simple copper (I) chloride as catalyst has been described.

Chapter 1 and 2:
 Selective and direct C-H functionalization of readily available starting materials for the synthesis of useful fine chemicals and complex natural products remains an elusive goal in synthetic chemistry. Particularly, selective oxidative functionalization α-C-H bond of aliphatic ether is one of the most important reaction pathways in organic synthesis. Since, this direct synthetic potential has easily allowed in synthesizing lactones or esters, which were considered to be as major functional groups found in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and synthesis of natural products. Although, several new oxidation methods have been demonstrated typically by using transition metal catalysts along with several additional reagents, have revealed the selective oxidation of α-C-H bond of ethers. In chapter 1, we utilized singlet oxygen (1O2) as an oxidation system to selectively oxidize the α-C-H bond of aliphatic ethers. Since, singlet oxygen (1O2) is a very important molecule in organic reactions as well as in biological pathways; this was extensively studied for organic functional group transformation. Moreover, the reaction of singlet oxygen mediated α-C-H bond oxidation of ethers was enhanced by addition of mild Lewis acid and this strategy has allowed in synthesizing several natural products and complex molecules. Adipic acid and their family of other dicarboxylic acids are playing important role in chemical process, pharmaceutical and food industries. As known as, nitric acid mediated oxidation of KA oil (cyclohexanone & cyclohexanol) to Adipic acid, is one of the classical approaches used for the industrial production; and still this method has applicability in worldwide. However, in this protocol, a series of problems have been documented during the oxidation of KA-oil to Adipic acid, in which the stoichiometric amount of HNO3 is reduced to NO2, NO, N2O. N2O is a greenhouse gas and ~ 300 times stronger than CO2 which cause the depletion of ozone layer. To overcome these problems, later new routes were developed for the industrial production of adipic acid mainly using H2O2 as oxidant in presence of metal catalyst. In chapter 2, we report an efficient method for direct oxidation of cyclohexanone to industrially important adipic acid in the presence of weak Lewis acid (i.e. Et3B or gamma Al2O3) via singlet oxygen. Moreover, this system has facilitated for the synthesis of industrially valuable adipic acid under mild conditions, without any usage of powerful oxidants (HNO3, metal oxides and peroxides).

Chapter 3-6:
 Visible-light mediated organic functional group transformation reactions have emerged as one of the most attractive and powerful strategies in organic synthesis. Visible light is more attractive because most of the organic molecules lack of absorbance in the visible region and hence possess high natural abundance. Compared to traditional stepwise methods, visible light induced one-pot synthetic strategies have more potential towards avoiding extra steps, high reaction efficiency, atom-economical process and simplicity in operation. However, usage of expensive ruthenium and iridium photo-redox catalysts poses severe limitations in terms of feasibility and scalability. Later, organic dyes were utilized as cost-effective photo-catalyst for organic reactions and their achievements have been documented in the literature. Recently, photoactive copper complexes have emerged as a novel and powerful tool for organic reaction in terms of copper catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reactions and coupling reactions. In this regard, chapter 3-6 was mainly focused on the simple copper (I) salt catalyzed direct C-C and C-N coupling reactions of terminal alkynes and aryl/alkyl halides or aryl-amines without any usage of expensive palladium and ligands under visible-light irradiation. The detailed reaction schemes for each chapter have described below.

 Chapter 3: Photo-induced copper (I) chlorite catalyzed Sonogashira cross coupling reaction without any palladium and ligands at room temperature.

 Chapter 4: Visible-light-mediated Higly Selective Csp-Csp Homo and Cross-Coupling Reaction using Copper (I) catalyst : Without Palladium, Ligands and Base

 Chapter 5: Visible-light-induced Simple Copper (I) Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Amines with Terminal Alkynes: One-Pot Synthesis α-Ketoamides.

 Chapter 6: Visible-light-induced Copper(I)-Catalysed Oxidative direct coupling of o-Phenylenediamine and Terminal Alkynes: One-Pot Synthesis 3-phenyl-2-Hydroxy-Quinoxaline.


Design and analysis of a cascade control DC-DC boost converter is proposed in this paper using the locus of a perturbed relay system (LPRS). The output voltage is regulated using a PI controller in the outer-loop and a sliding mode controller in the inner-loop. The chattering amplitude and frequency is analyzed using the LPRS method. The use of the LPRS method also allows one to exactly evaluate the equivalent gain, necessary for the disturbance (slow motion) analysis. Moreover, the stability analysis is evaluated in terms of two aspects: the orbital stability of the oscillations in the inner-loop (chattering stability), and the stability of the overall averaged dynamics. Besides, the SM controller is designed to operate at a specified switching frequency through the proper selection of the hysteresis value using the LPRS method. The theoretical analysis is verified through simulations and hardware implementation.


This study examines the modelling and control of a twin rotor multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system (TRMS). An intelligent Active Force Control (AFC) scheme is utilised to compensate disturbances that a conventional PID control algorithm alone is unable to due to the system's highly nonlinear behaviour. Fuzzy logic (FL) is used to estimate intelligently the inertial properties apart from crude approximation method to initiate the AFC effect. The AFC scheme complements the PID controllers acting on the main as well as the tail rotor. It is evident from the simulation studies performed that the inclusion of the intelligent PID-AFCFL scheme produces a more robust controller as compared to the conventional PID as well as crude PID-AFC systems in compensating unwanted internal as well as external disturbances. The intelligent hybrid control algorithm also significantly improves the system overshoot, rise time and settling time apart from its adaptability towards disturbances as compared to its traditional counterpart.


The COVID-19 pandemic has placed additional stressors on labor markets, particularly for healthcare workers and essential employees. While recognizing that employers, recruiters and staffing…


Abstract Direct spectroscopic evidence for hydrogen‐bonded clusters of like‐charged ions is reported for ionic liquids. The measured infrared O−H vibrational bands of the hydroxyethyl groups in the cations can be assigned to the dispersion‐corrected DFT calculated frequencies of linear and cyclic clusters. Compensating the like‐charge Coulomb repulsion, these cationic clusters can range up to cyclic tetramers resembling molecular clusters of water and alcohols. These ionic clusters are mainly present at low temperature and show strong cooperative effects in hydrogen bonding. DFT‐D3 calculations of the pure multiply charged clusters suggest that the attractive hydrogen bonds can compete with repulsive Coulomb forces.


FISCHER has also investigated the biology of Armillaria mucida,9 more especially with a view to determining whether the fungus is a parasite or a saprophyte, Most writers simply state that the fungus grows on beech trees, but MASSEE records that "at High Beech, Epping Forest, . . . a healthy branch of a beech having been broken off, the wound was inoculated with the spores of A. mucida. At the end of the second season after the inoculation the branch was killed for a considerable distance, and the sporophores of the fungus appeared in abundance." FISCHER, unwilling to accept this observation as proof that the fungus is a parasite, has attempted to infect wounds made in living beech trees with spores or with mycelium. His experiments gave negative results, so that he was unable to obtain any proof of the alleged parasitism of the fungus. On the other hand, he found that the fungus could be grown readily as a saprophyte on various substrata, such as bread, dead beech wood and twigs, and also upon gelatin containing beerwort, meat extract, or malt extract. The time elapsing between the sowing of the spores and the ripening of the fruit bodies in pure cultures varied from 5I to io9 days. The spores germinate readily in water as well as in various culture media. FISCHER'S inoculations were carried out on thin branches. Possibly, if stouter branches containing older wood had been used, positive results might have been obtained. So far, however, there does not seem to be any clear evidence that the mycelium of A. mucida can kill the living parenchyma and medullary ray cells in beech wood. FISCHER states that a spore, after arising somewhat laterally on its sterigma,. "only assumes the central position later on as it approaches maturity." The figure given of the mature basidium does not support the statement that the spore is situated symmetrically over the sterigma. If FISCHER'S observation is correct, then Armillaria mucida is a marked exception to the general rule for the position of the mature spores in Hymenomycetes. There is one misquotation, doubtless due to a printer's error, from a paper by the writer. The number of spores that I found to have been produced from a large fruit body of Polyporus squamosus was IIJI2,500,ooo, and not III2,500 as stated.I' FISCHER urges that since the number of spores produced from a fruit body is so vast, wounds on trees must often become infected, and that stumps or timber infected with Armillaria mucida, as well as its fruit bodies, should be destroyed when possible. It may be added that eleven thousand million spores would be sufficient to provide one for each square inch in nearly three square miles of level ground.-A. H. REGINALD BULLER.


Background: Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 typically cause infections of the oral and genital mucosa, respectively. Extraoral and extra-genital sites are not infrequently involved. Herpes simplex infection of buttock is not well documented in medical literature. Aim: To report cases of herpes simplex on buttock and raise a question about its relation with anal sex. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Dermatology Center, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from December 2005 to September 2019. All the cases of herpes simplex infection on buttocks were evaluated for the demographic data and clinical features. Results: Nine patients with herpes simplex on the buttocks so called herpes simplex buttockalis, five males and four females were included in this study (male: Female ratio= 1.2:1). The mean age was 32.1±10.37 years. All patients gave history of recurrent similar attacks at same sites or on the adjacent areas but no concomitant genital herpes except in one patient. No one gave history of anal or oro-genital sex. Regarding the sites affected: left upper medial quadrant was the affected part in 3 male patients with one had left upper lateral quadrant also involved, two patients (one female and one male) had the lesions on the right upper medial quadrant, two patients had right lower medial quadrant lesions (one male and one female with cleft also), one female had lesion only in the upper left gluteal cleft area while one female with right upper lateral quadrant lesion. No regional lymphadenopathy was detected. Areas innervated by the sensory nerves from sacral ganglia were the most frequently affected ones. Conclusion: Herpes simplex infection of the buttock is not uncommon problem but rarely recognized by doctors or misdiagnosed as herpes zoster especially during the first attack. It can follow any vaginal, anal or oro-genital sexual practice. These cases should not be missed as to avoid infection of partner and to give the right management. This is the first reported study paying attention to this new variant of genital herpes infection of the buttock which deserve the name herpes simplex buttockalis.


The article simply compares and analyses the environment of FDI in Sichuan, Shaanxi provinces and Chongqing city from the aspects of geographical position, infrastructure, market scale and potentiality, and soft environment. Thus, some basic features and questions about environment of FDI in Chongqing are derived. In the end, the relative suggestions are followed.


In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was coupled with a dynamic response model for simulating oscillatory and sliding motions of a composite caisson breakwater subject to impulsive wave loads. The CFD model was set up with the computational toolkit Proteus, which is a FEM-based software originally developed for solving generic transport equations. It has been recently used for simulating fluid–structure interaction within the context of coastal flows by using mesh deformation and immersed solid techniques. In this study, sliding and overturning of the caisson superstructure were modeled by coupling mesh deformation techniques with a dynamic model for the caisson motion response. Results were compared with experimental data and good agreement was achieved, given the uncertainties involved. These uncertainties were also assessed through a sensitivity analysis of the caisson, which demonstrated the importance of appropriate selection of numerical parameters and precise definition of the material and physical properties. Overall, the modeling approach further advances the state of the art in similar models by being capable of modeling random sea states while using a fully coupled approach for the fluid–structure interaction problem, which also allows the prediction of pore pressure buildup and uplift forces in the rubble foundation.


Various methods of supplying women with information are used in maternity units to assist midwives in making childbirth decisions. However, maternal views on the suitability of information provided during maternity care are inconclusive. A longitudinal study was carried out to discover how women feel about the information that is currently provided regarding pregnancy, labour and parenthood. In particular, the study aimed to explore the timing, amount, content and format of information. These issues had been previously highlighted in three focus groups conducted at the hospital. A descriptive longitudinal panel study was employed using semi-structured questionnaires. A group of 80 women from a purposive sample were questioned at five different stages, i.e. first, second and third trimester, and twice during the postnatal period. The structured data were analysed descriptively and the open responses were analysed using qualitative methods. The findings suggest that women did not receive information which m...


The MoO3 was synthesized on a pilot scale by combustion reaction and their catalytic performance was investigated to obtain biodiesel from residual oil by simultaneous reactions of transesterification and esterification (TES). The catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction with respective Rietveld refinement, Fourier transform infrared, and RAMAN spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, determination of the specific surface area by the method of N2 adsorption (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller), and acidity test by temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia molecule. The catalytic properties were evaluated through catalytic tests while the products of the TES reactions were characterized by gas chromatography, kinematic viscosity, and acidity index. Such results indicated that single‐phase catalysts (α‐MoO3‐100%) and biphasic (h/α‐MoO3‐hexagonal 56.80% and orthorhombic 43.20%) were synthesized, which presented crystalline fraction and crystal size of 88% to 90% and 33 to 84 nm, respectively. The crystalline phases (α‐MoO3 and h/α‐MoO3) showed typical morphologies of microplate agglomerates, irregular rods, the surface area of 1.5 to 4.7 m2 g−1, and total acidity equivalent to 30 to 84 μmol g−1 NH3. The MoO3 was successfully synthesized by pilot‐scale combustion reaction and showed promising results, with high conversions to ethyl esters (between 93% and 99%), maintaining activity (useful life) after five consecutive reuse cycles. Thus, the catalysts studied have the potential to enable positive impacts on the environment and society in general.


BACKGROUND: The use of agricultural waste as organic fertilizers is important for soil fertility and plants health production. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to examine the effects of different types and rates of vermicompost on physiological and morphological properties of lettuce. METHODS: Present study was conducted according factorial experiment based on complete randomized design with three replication at green house condition. Treatment included different type of vermicompost (1-Carrot vermicompost 2-Sugar beet vermicompost and 3- date fruit composts) and different application rate of vermicompost (Zero or control, 2, 4 and 6 percent of medium dry weight). RESULT: The results showed that, the type and amount of organic wastes had significant effects on fresh and dry weight, leaf area, plant height, marketability, carotenoid and chlorophyll b content of lettuce. Sugar beet and carrot vermicompost was more effective on most lettuce properties than date fruit waste. The organic compost rate had a sigmoid trend effects on most lettuce properties. The highest and lowest lettuce dry weight was observed respectively in 2% carrot vermin compost (500% more than control) and in date fruit compost (50% lower than control). The highest amount of carotenoid (0.49 mg.gr-1 fresh weight) was in sugar beet vermicompost (6%), which increased by 40% with respect to control. The highest marketable index was observed at (2% and 4%) both in sugar beet, which were increased by 400 and 380 present respectively in compared to control. CONCLUSION: Sugar beet and then carrot vermicompost were evaluated as the best raw materials for vermicompost production; also 4 and 6 percent had the greatest effect on the growth and yield of lettuce.


In this paper, we propose a method for the reconstruction of a complex discrete-valued vector from its linear measurements. In particular, we mainly focus on the underdetermined cases, where the number of measurements is less than that of the unknown complex discrete variables, and propose a reconstruction approach of solving an optimization problem called sum of complex sparse regularizers (SCSR) optimization. The sum of sparse regularizers in the objective function can directly utilize the discrete nature of the unknown vector in the complex domain. We also propose an algorithm for the SCSR optimization problem on the basis of alternating direction method of multipliers. For the proposed convex regularizers, we analytically prove that the sequence obtained by the proposed algorithm converges to the optimal solution of the problem. To obtain better reconstruction performance, we further propose an iterative approach named iterative weighted SCSR (IW-SCSR), where we update the parameters in the objective function in each iteration by using the tentative estimate in the previous iteration. Simulation results show that IW-SCSR can reconstruct the complex discrete-valued vector from its underdetermined linear measurements and achieve good performance in the applications of overloaded multiple-input multiple-output signal detection and channel equalization.


Collections and reports of amphibians and reptiles from Ciudad Melchor Muzquiz to Boquillas del Carmen in northern Coahuila, Mexico, are discussed. Bufo cognatus, Gastrophryne olivacea, Scaphiopus hammondi hammondi, Kinosternon f/avescens {lavescens, Coleonyx brevis, Crotaphytus collaris x reticulatus, Eumeces tetragrammlJs brevilineatus, Phrynosoma modestum, Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus, Lampropeltis triangulum annulata, Sonora episcopa episcopa and Tantilla planiceps atriceps are either new or from new localities in area. Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis and Opheodrys aestivus are new genera for the state of Coahuila and are interpreted as additional members of the relics in the Chihuahua-Zacatecas Biotic Province of Coahuila. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 80 (1-2),


We find polynomial lower and upper bounds of ex on some respective intervals. To be specific, for each natural number n, we construct polynomials pn(x) and qn(x) of degree n so that pn(x) pn+1(x) ex and ex qn+1(x) qn(x) on some intervals, respectively. These polynomials are optimal in the sense that if p(x) (or q(x)) is a polynomial of degree n with pn−1(x) p(x) ex (or ex q(x) qn−1(x)) then p(x) pn(x) (or qn(x) q(x)). The fact that 1/pn(−x) works as an upper bound of ex on a switched interval is interesting. We also provide the size comparison between two upper bounds qn(x) and 1/pn(−x). Mathematics subject classification (2010): Primary 33B10; secondary 11A99.


Bask in the warm light of your computer screen and sample the festive sights of the season from the perspective of satellites and space station residents.


Pentaphragma horsfieldii is redefined to exclude var, flocculosum, which is transferred to P. ellipticum. P. ellipticum is reinstated to species level and its putative status as a hybrid between P. acuminatum and P. horsfieldii is denied. Keys to the Malayan taxa are provided.


Two novel sterols have been isolated from Spongia obligue collected from South China sea and their structure were identified as 24(28)-methylene-1,3,4,11-tetrohydroxycholest-5-en-18-oic acid and 24(28)-methylene-cholestene-5-en-1,3,8,11-tetraol respectively on the basic of the spectral data of MS, IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR(DEPT).


Strains of bacteria with the ability of utilizing glyphosate as the sole source of carbon were isolated from soil exposed to glyphosate herbicide by culture enrichment method and identified through partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.  Sixteen different microbial strains were isolated from glyphosate-contaminated sites in Kubau local govt. area, Kaduna state. Two of the microbial strains: BBDD3 and BBD4 were found to be the best degraders and were able to withstand up to 16.4 mg/ml of the glyphosate concentration. On the basis of 16s rRNA and biochemical tests, BBDD3 and BBDD4 strains were identified as Escherichia coli and Sporanaerobacter acetigenes respectively. These strains demonstrate laboratory utilizing ability of 92% and 98% for 16.4 mg/ml of the glyphosate formulation, respectively. The best optimum conditions for degradation were observed at pH 6.0 for the strains and at the temperature of 35oC for strain BBDD3 and BBDD4. Based on these results, the two strains displayed their potentials to be used in the bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated environment.


Abstract In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions of the Dirichlet problem -Δu = λ p(x)f(u; v) ; -Δv = λ q(x)g(u; v); in D, and u = v = 0 on ∂∞D, where D ⊂ Rn (n ≥ 3) is an C1,1-domain with compact boundary and λ > 0. The potential functions p; q are not necessarily bounded, may change sign and the functions f; g : ℝ2 → ℝ are continuous with f(0; 0) > 0, g(0; 0) > 0. By applying the Leray- Schauder fixed point theorem, we establish the existence of positive solutions for λ sufficiently small.


The work was developed with the objective of identifying insect diversity associated with Cleome viscose in agroecosystems and their relationship to agricultural crops. They were established three study areas where sampling was conducted following the direct method technique as you count for common habitat. Were identified 15 insect species which include some that act as biological control of in sect pests, which realizes low insect diversity with predominance of rare species. Low values assumed by the association and ecological indexs subordination demonstrate the dominance of a specific insect fauna of the plant studied. It is recommended to use the results of this study based on the design of strategies which are designed to the sustainable management of this plant species in agroecosystems.


Stimulated Raman backscattering is used as a non-destructive method to determine the density of plasma media at localized positions in space and time. By colliding two counter-propagating, ultra-short laser pulses with a spectral bandwidth larger than twice the plasma frequency, amplification occurs at the Stokes wavelengths, which results in regions of gain and loss separated by twice the plasma frequency, from which the plasma density can be deduced. By varying the relative delay between the laser pulses, and therefore the position and timing of the interaction, the spatio-temporal distribution of the plasma density can be mapped out.


A solar thermoelectric power generation system comprises a solar thermoelectric power generation system body, a concentrated solar device, a metal photothermal conversion device, a water circulating cooling system and a solar heat absorption coating. Sunlight and concentrated sunlight can irradiate on the metal photothermal conversion device which is coated by the solar heat absorption coating, the solar heat absorption coating converts light energy into heat energy, and then the heat energy is transmitted to the metal photothermal conversion device, the metal photothermal conversion device transmits the heat energy to a hot end of a thermoelectric power generation device, a cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device is cooled by the seawater or river water or lake water or pond water or underground water circulating cooling system, and the solar thermoelectric power generation system body which is composed of the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation device and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device can convert heat into electrical energy.


Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new process being applied for joining of metal alloys. The process was initially developed by The Welding Institute (TWI) in Cambridge, UK. The FSW process is being investigated at NASA/MSEC as a repair/initial weld procedure for fabrication of the super-light-weight aluminum-lithium shuttle external tank. The FSW investigations at MSFC were conducted on a horizontal mill to produce butt welds of flat plate material. The weldment plates are butted together and fixed to a backing plate on the mill bed. A pin tool is placed into the tool holder of the mill spindle and rotated at approximately 400 rpm. The pin tool is then plunged into the plates such that the center of the probe lies at, one end of the line of contact, between the plates and the shoulder of the pin tool penetrates the top surface of the weldment. The weld is produced by traversing the tool along the line of contact between the plates. A lead angle allows the leading edge of the shoulder to remain above the top surface of the plate. The work presented here is the first attempt at modeling a complex phenomenon. The mechanical aspects of conducting the weld process are easily defined and the process itself is controlled by relatively few input parameters. However, in the region of the weld, plasticizing and forging of the parent material occurs. These are difficult processes to model. The model presented here addresses only variations in the radial dimension outward from the pin tool axis. Examinations of the grain structure of the weld reveal that a considerable amount of material deformation also occurs in the direction parallel to the pin tool axis of rotation, through the material thickness. In addition, measurements of the axial load on the pin tool demonstrate that the forging affect of the pin tool shoulder is an important process phenomenon. Therefore, the model needs to be expanded to account for the deformations through the material thickness and the forging affect of the shoulder. The energy balance at the boundary of the plastic region with the environment required that energy flow away from the boundary in both radial directions. One resolution to this problem may be to introduce a time dependency into the process model, allowing the energy flow to oscillate across this boundary. Finally, experimental measurements are needed to verify the concepts used here and to aid in improving the model.


Review(s) of: The magic phrase - critical essays on Christina stead, by Margaret Harris, ed., (University of Queensland Press, 2000).


In the era of knowledge-driven economy, the information resources become a kind of important resource of the society.The information construction of the archives will face new opportunity and challenge.Information carrier diversification, management object informationization, work method computerization and networked method of service are the emergence of the development of the archives work.The position of information construction of the archives is more and more important.To quicken the information construction of the archives is an inexorable trend of the development of the time.This paper discusses from four aspects.


This paper presents the results of a survey of the marketing activities of Scottish small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which paid particular attention to the issue of company promotion and sponsorship activities. The main results demonstrate that few SMEs engage in sponsorship activities and those that do prefer local charities and events. The results do, however, suggest that while few SMEs currently engage in sponsorship activities, there are a number of factors which would influence company sponsorship decisions and certain benefits that they need to receive.


Introduction care and management - keeping a horse at grass, keeping a horse stabled, feeding, grooming, shoes and shoeing, exercise routines, loading and travelling, health tack and equipment - saddles, bits, nosebands, bridles, martingales, western hackamore, rugs, bandages, cleaning tack, rider's clothing and equipment learning to ride - first lessons, turns and circles, learning to jump competitive riding - dressage, eventing, show jumping other equestrian sports - long-distance riding, hunting, mounted games, polo.