The availability of metadata annotations over media content such as photos is known to enhance retrieval and organization, particularly for large data sets. The greatest challenge for obtaining annotations remains getting users to perform the large amount of tedious manual work that is required.In this paper we introduce an approach for semi-automated labeling based on extraction of metadata from naturally occurring conversations of groups of people discussing pictures among themselves.As the burden for structuring and extracting metadata is shifted from users to the system, new recognition challenges arise. We explore how multimodal language can help in 1) detecting a concise set of meaningful labels to be associated with each photo, 2) achieving robust recognition of these key semantic terms, and 3) facilitating label propagation via multimodal shortcuts. Analysis of the data of a preliminary pilot collection suggests that handwritten labels may be highly indicative of the semantics of each photo, as indicated by the correlation of handwritten terms with high frequency spoken ones. We point to initial directions exploring a multimodal fusion technique to recover robust spelling and pronunciation of these high-value terms from redundant speech and handwriting.


The SARS-Cov-2 strain caused COVID-19, inflicting mild to moderate respiratory problems. The spread of COVID-19 is extremely fast which has resulted in the number of victims who have been declared dead to date, up to 2,587,225. There are several ways to reduce the spread of COVID-19, one of which is early detection. Currently, there are alternative methods used for early detection, one of which is the neural network method. Deep learning is one type of artificial neural network that is often used for the detection of several kinds of diseases. In this study, we classify CT-Scan images of the lungs based on two classes, namely CT_COVID and CT-NonCOVID, using two models, Inception-v3 and Inception-v4. The total CT-Scan image data used is 2038 and comes from the Kaggle.com website. Results obtained were then compared with standard performance metrics and then analyzed between the best models among the models used in the COVID-19 classification. From the results of the study, the Inception-v3 model obtained an average accuracy value of 93.96%, a precision value of 90.57%, a recall value of 95.65%, a specificity value of 92.81% and an f-score value of 92.51% and The Inception-v4 model obtained an average accuracy value of 86.41%, a precision value of 77.01%, a recall value of 91.18%, a specificity value of 83.77% and an f-score value of 83.38%. Based on the research results, the method with the best performance in COVID-19 classification is the Inception-v3 model because the Inception-v3 model has more layers, with a total of 48 layers and utilizes the idea of factorization that is more suitable for CT-Scan image classification which has low contrast visualization.


Radiata pine bark was extracted using hot compressed water with or without 1% NaOH at temperatures of 100°C and higher under different pressures for various holding times. The yields of extractives and polyflavanoids obtained from the extraction of the bark using hot compressed water without NaOH were much lower than those from conventional extraction at ambient pressure. This result has confirmed our previous experience. However, when 1% NaOH (based on the weight of the oven-dried bark) was added to the compressed water system. the yields of the extractives and polyflavanoids increased remarkably, and the highest yield (31.3%) of the extractives was obtained at a peak temperature of 140°C and a pressure of 10atm followed by immediate cooling. Furthermore, the bark particle size and the ratio of bark to solvent affected to a much lesser extent the yield of the extractives in this new method, compared with that in the conventional method. The solubility behaviour of the tannin extracts in the hot compressed water is discussed in relation to the extractives yield from the extraction of the bark at temperatures higher than 100°C and at pressures higher than ambient.


Clinical, radiological and dynamometric assessment served to evaluate results of treatment for the radial head fracture in 51 patients out of 89 managed between 1983 and 1993. Comminuted fractures, especially if complicated by ligament-capsular injury of the elbow have bad prognosis. Results of treatment are poor in this type of injury regardless the mode of management.


The extent of removal of the reference substances diacetyl and acetoin from water and cream in the Vacreator under varied conditions of operation has been investigated. 1. It was not affected by change in diameter or length of the uptake-pipe, or, with water, by changing the position of the equilibrium-valve to the top of the uptake-pipe or by introduction of the steam at the bottom of the pasteurizer bend instead of at the normal steam inlet. 2. It was affected only slightly by inclusion of baffles in the uptake-pipe, to provide a more intimate contact of steam and cream. 3. With diacetyl in water it was not affected by introduction of the major proportion of the steam via the infuser connexion, and with diacetyl in cream it was not affected until the proportion of steam introduced via the infuser was greater than 50% of the total amount of steam used. With acetoin in both water and cream there was a progressive slight reduction in extent of reference substance removal with increase in proportion of steam introduced via the infuser. 4. With diacetyl and acetoin in water it was not affected by increase in rate of flow of steam and cream at constant intensity of treatment. 5. With diacetyl it was not affected by temperature of steam distillation over the range 138–197°F., but with acetoin there was a progressive reduction in extent of removal with decrease in distillation temperature. 6. Steam is most effectively used if it is applied in separate stages instead of in one stage, i.e., a multiple Vacreator uses steam more efficiently than a single-unit machine. This effect is more marked with diacetyl, which has a high equilibrium coefficient, than with acetoin, which has a low coefficient. 7. The equilibrium coefficient computed from steam treatment of diacetyl solutions in the Vacreator is of the same order as that determined by the laboratory continuous equilibrium vaporization apparatus. 8. The efficiency of cream-deodorization equipment may be lowered by condensation of vapour back into the liquid, e.g. by use of excess cooling water in the Vacreator jackets. 9. There are indications that removal of diacetyl from cream is somewhat slower than from water. The thanks of the author are due to Mr J. K. Scott for helpful discussion, to Mr E. R. Elley who did the analytical work, and to Mr B. Le Heron for assistance in the operation of the Vacreator and collection of samples.


The Orbis Cascade Alliance Primo Customization Standing Group (PCSG) has built on the work of the Primo Customization Joint Working Group and established architecture for developing, sharing, and maintaining customizations for Primo Explore using the Central Package. We propose to present three key aspects of our work: First, we combined technological and policy solutions to solicit and prioritize customization suggestions, track development, and disseminate completed customizations. Second, we developed a set of best practices for developers that would ensure key requirements for our consortium environment, namely that customizations be opt-in and that they not interfere with local customizations. Third, we developed a number of specific customizations that we saw as high priorities for the Alliance; customizations currently in development that should be in production by May include "Text a call number", "Enlarge cover on click", and "Custom linking to appear in brief record".


The study starts from the basic questions on debate education in University. What do we need to teach them? How do we deliver them? During last fifteen years, there have been lots of progress on education related debate in Korean society. Despite academic accumulations on this subject, we easily can find that discrepancy and discord in the concept and jargon on debate among researchers. This study will review the papers related to debate pedagogy which was published last fifteen years. Through this review process, the inherent problems will be elicited in debate courses in University education. Finally, the new direction and methods concerning debate courses will be suggested. One hundred and thirty papers related to debate education were classified as followings; debate history, debate concept, the current status and prospect of debate(speech) education, debate capacity, debate course design, debate course case study, debate pedagogy, debate type, debate evaluation, debate tournaments, reading and debate. Above mentioned papers are diverse in terms of academic institute and they are come from 40 institutes as well as various academic disciplines. There are conflicting opinions toward the objective of debate education which each researcher suggested. This confusion might be due to the conceptual difference on the idea on debate. The word, '토론' in korean is being used as a simple translation of debate. However, it compasses the broad meaning of discussion. There might be the intrinsic characteristics in Korean debate culture; there is a prevailing anti attitude competitive debate and pro attitude cooperative discussion attitude on the other hand. By analysing the various education objectives, we could find the two different tendencies. When 토론 was used in the narrow meaning of debate, the objective tends to the improvement of debate ability. On the other hand, the democracy citizen nurturing is the common objective in the case of the education objective used as the broad meaning of 토론. The study suggests some practical solutions. There is a need on unifying of concept and word in debate education. We need to separate objectves and goals, debate and debate education. And we need to set different objective on each different course. Up to now, diverse agencies contributed in developing debate education. There is a strong need of association and institute encompassing debate education and research. Promoting the umbrella agency will contrive to developing the debate education.


A unique definition of the physico-chemical conditions of formation of hydrothermal ore deposits is commonly difficult to achieve and the chlorite solid solution model is being developed to assist in this task.The nonstoichiometry of chlorite has been represented by six thermodynamic components: Mg 6 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 (C1), Mg 5 Al 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 (C2), Fe (super +2) 5 Al 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 (C3), Fe (super +2) 5 Fe (super +3) 2 Si 3 -O 10 (OH) 8 (C4), Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 (C5), and Fe (super +2) 4 Fe (super +3) Al 2 Si 3 O 11 (OH) 7 (C6). Thermodynamic data for components 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were estimated making use of constraints imposed by the compositions of chlorites from the Salton Sea and Broadlands geothermal systems; the OH vein, Creede, Colorado; the Quaama granodiorite, New South Wales; and a metamorphic vein, Mt. Lyell, Tasmania. Activity-composition relations have been modeled assuming random mixing and equal interactions of atoms on energetically equivalent sites for components 1, 2, and 3. For components 4 and 5 the activity has been assumed equal to the mole fraction of the component and the activity of component 6 has been expressed as a 6 = gamma 6 X 6 where log gamma 6 = alpha (1 - X6) + beta /2(1 - X6) 2 and alpha and beta are temperature-dependent terms.Two geothermometers, 2Mg 5 Al 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 + 14/3SiO 2 + 8/3H 2 O (sub (1)) [harr] Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 + 10/6Mg 6 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 and Mg 5 Al 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 + 5/7Fe (super +2) 5 Fe (super +3) 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 + 3/7Fe (super +2) 5 -Al 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 8 + 25/21SiO 2 [harr] 10/7Fe (super +2) 4 Fe (super +3) Al 2 Si 3 O 11 (OH) 7 + 5/6Mg 6 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 + 5/21H 2 O (sub (l)) , have been calibrated and these together with the constraint imposed by the Gibbs-Duhem equation allow the temperature of formation, the ferric iron content, and the water content of chlorites coexisting with quartz and an aqueous phase at a known or assumed pressure to be calculated from an electron microprobe analysis of chlorite. This has permitted calculation of oxygen fugacities from Fe (super +2) 5 Al 2 Si 3 O 10 OH 8 + 1/40 (sub 2(g)) [harr] Fe (super +2) 4 Fe (super +3) Al 2 Si 3 -O 11 (OH) 7 + 1/2H 2 O (sub (l)) and sulfur fugacities where quartz and chlorite coexist with an iron sulfide enabling calculation of the H 2 S content of the fluid. Limited testing of the model suggests it has the capacity to elucidate different thermal and redox environments. At about 300 degrees C the calculated log f (sub O 2 ) and log f (sub S 2 ) values appear accurate to within an order of magnitude and calculated values of H 2 S concentrations to within a factor of 2. Other solution parameters, a (sub Fe (super +2) ) /(a (sub H (super +) ) ) 2 , a( (sub Mg (super +2) ) /(a (sub H (super +) ) ) 2 , and a (sub Al (super +3) ) /(a (sub H (super +) ) ) 3 may also be calculated once the temperature and redox state of the fluid have been established.


The discovery of an archive document sheds new light on a pre-1624 workshop at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. To date, no document testifies to the presence of a workshop between the departure of Federico Zuccari in 1595 and the "reopening" under the presidency of Simon Vouet in 1624. However, the discovery of a payment for a life-sized wooden mannequin dated 1605 sheds light on this sparsely documented period. The proof collected demonstrates the utilization of this educational apparatus throughout the 17th century within the Roman academy and leads to a reconsideration of the influence of "ancient" techniques in the education of young artists in Rome with regard to drawing after a live model and studies after Antique sculpture.


Abstract The essay explores the entangled relationship between modernization and women's visibility and representation through three pictorial spheres most redolent of that relationship: photo studio culture (1880s–1930s), satirical cartoons (1920–58), and costume exhibition (1972–76). The study prioritizes minoritarian politics formulated by women through their organizations and public activities, whether charitable in the late nineteenth century, educational in the early twentieth century, or "civilizational" from the mid-twentieth century on. By examining pictorial and textual sources, it proposes that the Armenian woman as a discursive phenomenon was central to Iran's mainstream modernization and foregrounds the complex working of a double marginality to the processes, strategies, and anxieties of late Qajar and Pahlavi modernization.


Local area network is separated into some groups to ensure the security in company, university, and so on. This is generally implemented by using the function of a networking device. However, it is not easy for this method to change the network layout. In addition, there is a problem with compatibility of the device. This paper proposes a network system which has functions to group clients and to conceal communication data by using virtual NIC (VNIC) and hardware ID. This system is implemented by the computer software. The implementation by the software is able to solve the problems of the conventional method. We verify the effectiveness of this system through the result from experiments with this method.


Purpose. the aim of the study was (a) to investigate the differences in plantar pressure distribution between athletes (A) and sedentary (S) women; (b) to examine the differences, if any, in plantar pressure between sports within the A group. Methods. the study involved 173 females; 98 were S (age: 24.23 ± 6.11 years; height: 161.11 ± 6.44 cm; weight: 56.70 ± 8.19 kg; bMI: 21.81 ± 2.52 kg/m; body surface area [bSA]: 1.59 ± 0.13; shoe size: 37.83 ± 1.53), 75 were A (age: 22.47 ± 4.89 years; height: 159.98 ± 5.95 cm; weight: 55.49 ± 7.61 kg; bMI: 21.62 ± 2.18 kg/m; bSA: 1.57 ± 0.12; shoe size: 38.05 ± 1.55). For plantar support analysis, the FreeMed posturography system was used, including the FreeMed baropodometric platform and FreeStep v. 1.0.3 software. Results. No significant differences were found between groups regarding anthropometric data, in the total surface, fore-foot, rear-foot, total left or total right foot surface. Significant differences between S and A were observed in fore-foot (S: 50.39 ± 3.60%; A: 52.36 ± 3.76%) and rear-foot load distribution (p = 0.0006; p = 0.0006). Also the maximal peak pressure (S: 518.06 ± 111.50 g/cm; A: 445.38 ± 88.47 g/cm) and the mean pressure showed significant differences between groups. there were significant differences between sports in total surface and fore-/rear-foot and total left/right surfaces ratios. Conclusions. Women practising sport differ from sedentary ones in the fore-/rear-foot pressure ratio. In addition, we detected plantar surface and fore-/rear-foot pressure ratio differences within the athletes group.


Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become a fundamental issue in modern global technology, touching practically every element of modern human life.Three-dimensional (3D) printing (also known as additive manufacturing) is an advanced manufacturing technology that can autonomously manufacture complicated shape geometries from a 3D computer-aided design model without the use of equipment or fixtures.However, there is a friction between traditional designs and the rise of 3D printed technology when it comes to architectural healing approaches, and this adaptability is hurting human healing tactics that are dependent on the relationship between space and environment.Due to its capacity to create products in a wide range of materials rapidly and at a lower cost, additive manufacturing is having a significant impact on production in a variety of areas. Even though it encompasses a wide range of techniques and applications, additive manufacturing (AM) may be described as a system for converting solid model data from a computer-based model into a physical prototype by the incremental addition of material via layer superposition. Therefore, this research aims to examine the 3d printed green walls as new proposed design elements that can upgrade the natural healing architecture. To achieve this goal, the study begins with a literature review that includes scientific methodology based on principles that assist architects dealing with advanced tools in transforming their intentions from digital to analogue means as part of a controlled system intended to innovate design and construction principles of the use of 3D printed green walls. It will also assist in the quest for a concept design that confronts the regeneration of a new spatial delineation ideology.


The objective of the project called China historical input-output tables (CHIOT) is to estimate input-output tables (IOT) of China for every five years from 1958 to 1968. Because the economic growth theory is about longterm issues, analyzing only the post-reform-and-open era is hard to give a panorama of the base of economic growth of China. However, except for a trial version of IOT compiled for the year of 1973, there exist only IOTs of China for the years after the beginning of economic reform. Based on this background, we initialized the CHIOT project. The project starts from the estimation of sectoral direct input coefficients. The estimation is mainly based on firm-level technical data that we obtained from representative firms of each industry. By adding few reasonable assumption, we obtain average direct input coefficients at the national level. Based on this, the flow tables are generated by using national statistical data. In order to understand the environmental impact of production and consumption in the early period of the P.R.C., we also estimate several key environmental pollutions by IO ∗Corresponding author address: Institute of Financial Studies, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, China 250100. E-mail address: c firstname.lastname@example.com (C. Lin). Preprint submitted to CJE June 1, 2015 sectors, which make our tables be environmentally extended IOTs.


This study aims to analyze social strength elements in supporting the construction of an international freight terminal in Entikong, Indonesia. Data collection obtained from interviews and literature studies that are relevant to the discussion in this paper. The results of the study are analyzed into two elements of national strength based on Jablonsky's theory (2008: 148); (1) the determinants of natural forces include (a) geography that creates opportunities based on proximity to the Malaysian state, (b) natural resources in the border area of Entikong can support potential new development in the industrial sector that supports the construction of international freight terminals; and (2) Determinants of Social Strength among others the economy by opening access to economic sector development along the border area of Entikong and Tebedu Malaysia.


On August 13, 2013 the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), six states, and the District of Columbia filed suit against US Airways Group, Inc. (US Airways) and AMR Corporation (American) alleging…


2 Abstract: Watersheds are large-scale regions where the agricultural production planning is associated with multiple objectives, usually, including economic, social and environmental targets. Uncertainty plays an important role in all agricultural planning because some factors are not fully controllable while some input data or parameters such as demand, resources, costs and objective functions are imprecise. This paper applies fuzzy multi-objective mathematical programming model to the Atrak watershed agricultural development plan. The model focuses on attaining three objectives simultaneously, namely, profit maximization, employment maximization and erosion minimization and these are subjected to 88 constraints. Results of the model indicate that, when compared with the current cropping structure, the implementation of the optimal cropping pattern could increase profit and employment and decrease soil erosion significantly.


An important goal of single photon emission tomography (SPECT) is the determination of absolute regional radionuclide concentration as a function of time. Quantitative and qualitative studies of SPECT with regard to clinical application is the object of this work. Three basic approaches for image reconstruction and factors which affect the choice of a reconstruction algorithm have been reviewed, discussed and the reconstruction techniques, GRADY and CBP evaluated, based on computer modelling. A sophisticated package of computational subroutines, RECLBL, for image reconstruction and for generation of phantoms, which was fully implemented on PRIME was used throughout this study. Two different systems, a rotating gamma-camera and a prototype scanning-rig have been used to carry out tomography experiments with different phantoms in emission and transmission mode. Performance assessment and reproducibility of the gamma-camera was tested prior to the experimental work. SPECT studies are generally hampered for a number of reasons, the most severe being attenuation and scattering. The effect of scattered photons on image quality was discussed, three distinct techniques were utilised to correct the images and results were compared. Determination of the depth of the source, Am-241 and Tc-99m in the attenuating media, water and TEMEX by analysing the spectroscopic data base on the SPR and spatial resolution was studied, results revealed that both techniques had the same range of depth sensitivity. A method of simultaneous emission and transmission tomography was developed to correct the images for attenuation. The reproducibility of the technique was examined. Results showed that the technique is able to present a promising and a practical approach to more accurate quantitative SPECT imaging. A procedure to evaluate images, under certain conditions has been defined, its properties were evaluated using computer modelling as well as real data. Usefulness of the odd sampling technique to improve image quality has been investigated and is recommended.


The Qur'an Al-Fatiha - the opening of the Qur'an water in the Qur'an marriage and divorce war and peace in the Qur'an tolerance in Islam life and beyond paradise in the Qur'an the face, divine and human, in the Qur'an Adam and Eve in the Qur'an and the Bible the story of Joseph in the Qur'an and the Bible the Qur'an explains itself - the Surat al-Rahman dynamic style.


This paper investigates the relationship between Indoor Environmental Quality index (IEQ): thermal comfort index and indoor temperature trend in moderate thermal environments, in buildings that belong to the Class A with reference to the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD). The work consists of the measurement of IAQ and energy efficiency in a residential building located in centre-north of Italy, namely Ravenna. The results of the measurements, as well as the PMV-PPD indexes, are presented and commented. These indexes could be a criteria to test if EPBD labelling building could be coherent with EN 15251 requirements.


A simple treatment of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 with diluted HNO3 creates more B-sites (rich) on the terminated perovskite surface and improves its catalytic activity toward CO oxidation, and the perovskite catalyst possesses a higher ratio of Mn(4+)/Mn(3+) and thus enhances the O2 adsorption capability, favourable for CO oxidation and catalytic activity.


Steepest decreasing constant modulus algorithm(SDCMA) and least square constant modulus algorithm(LSCMA) blind detection methods for multicarrier direct sequence-code division multiple access(MC DS-CDMA) sys-tems were proposed.The two constant modulus algorithm(CMA) blind detection and subspace-based minimum mean-squared error(MMSE) detection were compared.The simulation results show that the performances of the two CMA blind detection are superior to that of subspace-based MMSE detection and the complexity of the formers is lower than that of the latter.On the speed of convergence,LSCMA is far faster than SDCMA.


The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a worldwide migratory pest that threatens food security in China. Previous studies have clarified the general migration regularity of M. separata in East Asia, but knowledge of migration routes over northeast China, especially in autumn as well as the impact by climate change in recent years, is still limited. From 2017 to 2020, we monitored the migration of M. separata in northeast China by searchlight traps and simulated moth trajectories by the HYSPLIT model. The M. separata moths had three main migration periods in northeast China, and there were obvious seasonal differences at different latitudes. The spring and summer migrants (late May to early-mid June and late July to early August) came from the southern Shandong Province and migrated to the north via Hebei/Shandong-Liaoning-Jilin-Heilongjiang. Moreover, more than half of the autumn trapped insects from late August to mid-late September migrated in the provinces where the sites are located, southward via Heilongjiang-Jilin-Liaoning. These results clarified the migration route of M. separata in northeast China and their relationship with the insect source in north China, thereby providing a theoretical basis for regional monitoring, early warning, and management of the pest.


In this episode streamed on Sept. 13, 2018, we talk about studying life in space. Plus, we share some genius space hacks for doing life science research on Earth and aboard the International Space Station.


A numerical model of the human cardiovascular system will be presented that was developed for simulating the short-term regulatory processes that adapt the cardiac output of the heart to changing circulatory demands. Both normal and pathological states, e.g. sick sinus or AV block, are considered. The purpose of the simulations is to investigate the control aspects of rate responsive pacing and to develop and test algorithms for rate adaptation based on cardiac control signals.


SRT55 mineral self-dumping truck frame numerical model is established based on ANSYS with numerical analysis methods. The stress and deformation features of frame in typical working conditions are analyzed under mining area actual road condition,which confirmed to be satisfied with the safety requirements. Some reasonable suggestions are concluded according to the numerical analysis results,which all would provide references for the refinement and optimization of frame structure.


: With increasing life expectancy, as the general population ages, reoperation for valvular
heart disease continue to increase. Structural failure of bioprosthesis and progression of
native valve disease are leading causes of reoperation in tricuspid position (1). Reoperation
is technically more difficult than primary operation and has been associated with
higher mortality due to adhesion, the presence of more advanced cardiac pathology and
the existence of more frequent co-morbidity. Peripheral cannulation, right thoracotomy
and alternative surgical technique can be used to decrease mortality and morbidity


In this short note, we generalized the Tangential Cover used in Digital Geometry in order to use very general geometric predicates. We present the required notions of saturated α-paths of a digital curve as well as conservative predicates which indeed cover nearly all geometric digital primitives published so far. The goal of this note is to prove that under a very general situation, the size of the Tangential Cover is linear with the number of points of the input curve. The computation complexity of the Tangential Cover depends on the complexity of incremental recognition of geometric predicates. Moreover, in the discussion, we show that our approach does not rely on connectivity of points as it might be though first.


The design of more complex systems becomes an increasingly difficult task because of different issues related to latency, design reuse, throughput and cost that has to be considered while designing. In Real-time applications there are different communication needs among the cores. When NoCs (Networks on chip) are the means to interconnect the cores, use of some techniques to optimize the communication are indispensable. From the performance point of view, large buffer sizes ensure performance during different applications execution. But unfortunately, these same buffers are the main responsible for the router total power dissipation. Another aspect is that by sizing buffers for the worst case latency incurs in extra dissipation for the mean case, which is much more frequent. Reconfigurable router architecture for NOC is designed for processing elements communicate over a second communication level using direct-links between another node elements. Several possibilities to use the router as additional resources to enhance complexity of modules are presented. The reconfigurable router is evaluated in terms of area, speed and latencies. The proposed router was described in VHDL and used the ModelSim tool to simulate the code. Analyses the average power consumption, area, and frequency results to a standard cell library using the Design Compiler tool. With the reconfigurable router it was possible to reduce the congestion in the network, while at the same time reducing power dissipation and improving energy.


black and white self esteem the urban school child is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the black and white self esteem the urban school child is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Colour change in a chemical is an indication of one of several causes. The reaction of the chemical occurs with the addition of another organic or inorganic substance. To monitor a reaction as it takes place, during the transition of its molecular structural properties, colour change is a useful criterion. In industrial manufacture of chemicals through their formation with many a combination and technique, to arrive at the needed composition, colour change is a very useful criterion. An instrument that can detect instantly and record the changes in the colour of the reacting substance has been developed, which uses a Provotech sensor. Using an embedded controller, and an exhaustive software to sense the colour, it can report the parameters quantitatively from instant to instant; it is a very compact and simple one to use in the laboratories or in production. The artificially intelligent program can sense and report colours by names in addition to the more detailed quantitative colour space parameters. The controller could also initiate action to time a reaction to occur, to stop a reaction at the intended level by the sensing of the changes in hue, say from 640 nm to 650 nm. Though a simple and economical instrument, it provides useful colour value information during the transition phase of any reaction and reports the data to a computer in addition to a display on LCD of the hue, saturation and colour name, such as reddish purple.


Presents findings from an empirical study which investigates the effects of different advertising appeals used across cultures. Cultural differences along the individualism‐collectivism dimension are hypothesized to affect people's reactions to certain advertising appeals. Results indicate that appeals which emphasize individualistic benefits are more effective in the USA than in China. When appeals emphasizing collectivistic benefits are employed, they are generally more effective in China. However, such effects can be moderated by product characteristics. Different product types may serve to influence the effectiveness of culturally‐congruent advertising appeals. Discusses the implications of the findings.


A plane sheath moving in the direction of its normal across the magnetic field through a magnetoplasma is analyzed. The self-consistent analytic solution for solution for electric field and trajectories of univelocity-attracted particles as a function of sheath-edge entry angle is derived. For simplicity, the sheath edge is assumed to be sharp. The solution is similar to that for a planar magnetron found much earlier. A quantity q, the square of the ratio of plasma frequency to gyrofrequency, is found to be critical in the behavior of the attracted species. If it is more than a limiting (cutoff) value, am, that depends only on entry angle and Mach number, M, the particles penetrate the whole sheath, some or all of the particles return to the sheath edge. In the frame of the object plane, for M >1, q sub m is 1.2. So the effect of magnetic field can increase greatly for drift velocity much less than thermal speed. The range of entry angles is derived. For typical low earth orbit conditions, electrons enter between grazing incidence and 45/sup 0/, and havemore » a value of q less than a third of q sub m , whereas 0+ ions enter within 7/sup 0/ of vertical incidence and have a value of q over 10/sup 5/ power times larger than q/sub m/. So the magnetic field effects the electrons greatly but the ions only very slightly.« less


Reference: W F Neff, 1929, Victorian working women; an historical and literary study of women in British industries and professions, 1832 1850, Allen & Unwin, London. Back of card is blank.


The invention provides a safe-to-use single phase air by-pass switch, and the switch comprises a shell component, a locating component, a conductive loop component, a clutch component, a switch-on component and a switch-off component. The shell component comprises a main sleeve, an insulating bushing, a flange jacket and a bottom cap; the locating component comprises a locating nut, a locating frame and a locating column; the conductive loop component comprises a conductive end cover, an upper conductive rod, a pressing sleeve, a connection nut, a conductive bushing, a fixed contact, a moving contact and a lower conductive rod; the switch-on component comprises a switch-on energy storage pull rod, a switch-on energy storage pull ring, a switch-on spring, a switch-on locating pin, a switch-on release pull ring and an inner bushing; and the switch-off component comprises a small shaft, a switch-off spring, a stop dog, a switch-off energy storage shaft, a connection rod, a switch-off energy storage press head, a switch-off locating pin and a switch-off release pull ring. The main body of the conductive loop component is arranged in the shell component. The safe-to-use single phase air by-pass switch solves the difficulty in instantaneous arc treatment, and is portable, simple in structure, convenient to operate and highly safe.


By focusing on bio-inspired oscillatory arrays, whose cells admit of a Lurpsilae description and are linearly connected through weak couplings, the occurrence of spiral waves has been studied through the phase deviation equation obtained by the joint application of the harmonic balance method and Malkinpsilas theorem. Furthermore, a simple condition for verifying the occurrence of spiral waves is derived. Finally the proposed technique is successfully applied to two-dimensional arrays of Chuapsilas circuits in order to prove that such WCONs admit of spiral waves as spatio-temporal patterns.


TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDHOOD. TUBERCULOSIS in Cllildlood,' edite(l EbCENGEL an(d PIRQUFT, is emititledl a handbook; it is a tuml-lv a large voliuime (vol. i) of mlcarly 900 pages, witih 481 illustratious. It is an ini)ilrtauit conitmibultion to an inll)ortanit sull)ject, a1i(1 one v'liiici is worthyv of Gernmaan miedicinle and Gerninaii printing. Pirquct's lammlented (lentil eamlv. last y-ear was a seri(10S


ABSTRACT The study aimed to know some of the motor-sensory realization variations and relation them with serve accuracy in tennis for some of second stage students in faculty of physical education\ University of Sulaimaniah. 30 students from second stage of faculty of physical education/ university of Sulaimaniah were participated in present study and the searcher used descriptive research design method. Different tests were included to measure some of motor-sensory perception variations such as (test of motor-sensory perception with jump "scoop test"), (sensation test by estimate the time), (foot movement to the side), and skill test for example, (measurement of serve performance accuracy). Study concluded that the serve performance accuracy showed to be weak for subject and students had a good level of motor-sensory perception with jump (scoop test) where they showed a significant correlation between motor-sensory perception with jump and serve performance accuracy. In addition, there was a weakness in the sense realization of time appreciation for the students in serve skill. However, students have a good level in foot movement to the side because they demonstrated a significant correlation between foot movement to the side and serve performance accuracy. Key words: M otor-sensory realization, serve accuracy, tennis, second stage students.


The parvalbumins are small vertebrate-specific Ca 2+ -binding proteins. The mammalian α -parvalbumin is expressed in diverse cell types, including the inner hair cell, where it is proposed to serve as a cytosolic Ca 2+ buffer. By contrast, the mammalian β -parvalbumin (oncomodulin) has a highly restricted distribution and harbors a 'Ca 2+ -specific' site — properties consistent with Ca 2+ -dependent regulatory behavior. The widespread perception of oncomodulin as an oncofetal protein was recently shattered by our discovery that the protein is present in the organ of Corti. Immunohistochemical data for the rat, mouse and gerbil indicate that expression is in fact confined to the outer hair cell. We have sought to confirm and extend this work through biochemical quantitation studies on organ of Corti from rat, mouse, guinea pig and chinchilla. We find that the protein is expressed at comparably high levels (approximately 0.5 mM) in the outer hair cells in all four species. This finding contrasts sharply with the expression pattern in prenatal and neoplastic settings. We have also extended the immunohistochemical analysis to the guinea pig and performed preliminary analysis of oncomodulin mRNA levels by in situ hydridization. On the basis of our data, we suggest that the outer hair cell is the sole site of physiologically relevant oncomodulin expression. Furthermore, we propose that the protein functions in the efferent control of the electromotile response.


k) is a Boolean-valued function of type f : B k ! B. In some contexts a Boolean-valued function may be referred to as a predicate or a proposition. In other contexts these terms may be used to describe the syntactic entities that denote or express Boolean-valued functions, or that have Boolean-valued functions among their canonical or intended models. When necessary to avoid confusion, terms like propositional expression or predicate formula may be used to distinguish signs from their objects.


Developing IT systems to satisfy Service Level Objectives (SLOs) of various Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) while minimizing cost is in great demand. To automatically find the best system design, we propose an effective optimization method based on models of IT systems and their NFR evaluations. Our method is able to handle SLOs whose satisfaction is hard to check analytically as constraints and can be applied to a wide variety of system sizing problems.


The Sanitary Landfill Corrective Action Plan proposes a two pronged approach to remediation. The first part of the total remediation strategy is the placement of a RCRA style closure cap to provide source control of contaminants into the groundwater. The second part of the proposed remediation package is a phased approach primarily using an in situ bioremediation system for groundwater clean up of the Constituents of Concern (COCs) that exceed their proposed Alternate Concentration Limits (ACL). The phased in approach of groundwater clean up will involve operation of the in situ bioremediation system, followed by evaluation of the Phase 1 system and, if necessary, additional phased remediation strategies. This document presents pertinent information on operations, well locations, anticipated capture zones, monitoring strategies, observation wells and other information which will allow a decision on the acceptability of the remedial strategy as an interim corrective action prior to permit application approval. The proposed interim phase of the remediation program will position two horizontal bioremediation wells such that the respective zones of influence will intersect the migration path for the highest concentrations of each plume.


The SCAPE (Superconducting Arbitrarily Polarizing Emitter) undulator is under development at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) as a part of the APS upgrade at Argonne National Laboratory. This new undulator requires a cryostat to handle the heat load on the beam chamber at a level of 182 W – much higher than in APS planar superconducting undulators. These challenges require careful thermal analysis of the SCAPE cryostat. Despite relatively large heat loads, a cryostat that does not contain any cryogen is a desirable option. Based on the experience on demo scale tests on SCAPE, a cryocooler-based cryogen-free cryostat is proposed. A detailed thermal model of such a cryostat has been created in Thermal Desktop. This paper presents the calculated heat load and temperatures profile of this cryostat under the static and dynamic heat loads


We show that the segment endpoint visibility graph of any finite set of 2n line segments contains a planar matching that does not use any segment edge, if the line segments in our set are convexly independent.


ABSTRACT: Genetic variation in Asaum misandrum, a woodland herb in Korea, was investigated based on alloz-yme analysis with starch gel electrophoresis. All of previously reported populations in Korea were sampled andseven loci from six enzymes were analyzed. Overall genetic variation of A. misandrum population showed con-siderably high levels of genetic variation within the species (A = 2.05, P = 71.4, H E = 0.294). A positive F IS value of A. misandrum indicated overall deficiency of heterozygotes, and a low F ST value (0.112) meant very lit-tle differentiation among populations. Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic diversity found withinpopulations of A. misandrum include population maintenance via wide distribution range from Korea to Japanand primarily outcrossing breeding system. Although it showed moderate genetic diversity level, most habitatsof the species were scattered and discontinuous. Besides, low numbers of individuals were found in the mosthabitats and individuals are collected frequently from the wild due to the unique shape of the flowers as well asthe rarity of the species. Thus, there is a need to set up a reasonable conservation strategies including the main-tenance mechanism of genetic diversity of A. misandrum.


Starting with current status about intelligent residential plots of China,it introduces the constitution and function of intelligent residential plots,analyzes the methods according to problems in continued development,and points out the future development trend of intelligent residential plots.


ABSTRACT In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the safety of foods, and in particular on the intervention methods to reduce and eliminate human pathogens from fresh product, especially fresh seafood. Traditional technology utilizes water with or without a sanitizing agent to wash fresh seafood. Chlorine is the most widely used sanitizing agent available for fresh product, but it has a limited effect in killing bacteria on seafood surfaces. An alternative treatment is being sought to improve food safety. Many research and industrial trials are underway to validate the use of ozone in the food industry. This article intends to show a clean technology to be applied in seafood industry and to show that many studies must be done to demonstrate the best concentrations and the best methods of ozone applications in diverse seafood species, so that the governments of all the countries can approve their application in the fishing industry. Key words : Clean technology, ozone, seafood


The present study deals with illustrating the reproductive toxicological aspects of two widely used plant growth regulators, one of them is gibberellic acid and the second one is the indole acetic acid. Both plant hormones orally administered Each individual received oral doses of 100 mg/Kg B.wt for 40 days every other day before pregnancy and from the 1st to 14th day of gestation. This treatment reproduced marked intoxication of rat liver,bone ,CNS, and eye of mothers and its embryo manifested by massive depletion of accumulated body weight gain and reflected by intense histopathological alterations of liver tissues. So the usage of plant growth regulators must be stopped because of its dangerous effect on the biological systems. Instead of these toxic substances we must use natural products which have not any side effect on the environment.


Although this information is readily available, it is updated at irregular intervals, making it difficult to keep track of changes. For example, a professor may want to monitor a class newsgroup on the days leading up to an assignment due date, or a researcher may want to be updated on the score and status of a ball game on the evening before a paper due date. Another problem is that information can take a significant time to download and display. Consider the time required to download a weather report from the Web, complete with colorful icons and advertisements, at a time when a student is late for a class across campus.


Gokdere watershed, chosen as research area, is an interesting place with its characteristics, such as its rich flora, water and forest resources, socio-economic structure, transhumance culture, recreation potential and ecological features. The total area of Gokdere watershed is 7243 ha. Each land-use/land-cover (LULC) type (forest, rangeland, agriculture, recreation, habitation, tourism etc.) is present there, and makes it a rich source to study. On the natural sources of the watershed, anthropogenic effects are intensely observed. In the planning of the integrated watershed management (IWM), ecological, economic and demographic structures were dealt with inseparably. With this aim, the maps that belong to the watershed were analyzed via Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and its socio-economic structure, LULC types, population characteristics, climate and flora types were examined. The demographic structure and the land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC) were temporally investigated. While 1015 people lived in the villages and plateaus of Gokdere watershed in 1955, this number declined to 272 in 2007. In order to determine the effects of LULCC on the hydro-physical soil properties, soil samplings on different adjacent land-use areas from the depth of 0-15 cm were taken, and analyzed in the laboratory. According to the soil analysis, forest soils showed superior hydro-physical structure, a distinction was made among LULC types statistically. Amount of organic matter is higher in the soils of forest area. Therefore, values of available water and hydraulic conductivity are high, and value of bulk density is low. Infiltration capacity is the highest in the soils of agricultural areas which have been cultivated for a long time. It was found that the watershed suffers from perpetual migration; agricultural and rangelands turned into forests in time, and there is a decrease in sheep population, and cattle husbandry is being carried out under hard circumstances. Marginal agriculture lands are being used for dry farming and there are difficulties in storing and marketing agricultural products. According to LULC 51 year period of time of the water shed, 7% increase in fertile and degraded forest areas,


There are many methods for decomposing signals into a sum of amplitude and frequency modulated sinusoids. In this paper we take a new estimation based approach. Identifying the problem as ill-posed, we show how to regularize the solution by imposing soft constraints on the amplitude and phase variables of the sinusoids. Estimation proceeds using a version of Kalman smoothing. We evaluate the method on synthetic and natural, clean and noisy signals, showing that it outperforms previous decompositions, but at a higher computational cost.


: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the short-term effects of a repetitive cross-over step training for postural stability and postural strategies during one-leg standing. [Subjects and Methods] Fourteen healthy young adults participated in this study. In the test sessions before and after training, subjects maintained one-leg standing for up to 15 sec. In the training session, each subject repeatedly practiced the cross-over step in 100 trials. The distance from the center of pressure (COP) to the body's center of mass (COM) (COP-COM distance), and the body weight distribution and COP change mechanisms were evaluated to determine the effects of the practice. [Results] The results showed that the COP-COM distance during one-leg standing had shortened, together with increase of the body weight distribution mechanism in the acceleration phase and of COP-change mechanism in the deceleration phase after the practice. [Conclusion] Repetitive cross-over stepping changes postural strategies, improving postural stability during one-leg standing by reducing the COP-COM distance.


Regar meadow bromegrass(Bromus biebersteinii) has a good adaptability in most parts of the Loess Plateau except in the desert area. It grows rapidly and has a high grass yield and good quality and can be cultivated very easily in the areas. It is a very good introduced grass in the Loess Plateau and has a promising value in forage and soil and water conservation aspects.


In indoor environments, there exists a few distinctive indoor spaces' features (ISFs). However, up to our knowledge, there is no algorithm that fully utilizes ISF for accurate 3-D SLAM. In this letter, we suggest a sensor system that efficiently captures ISF and propose an algorithm framework that accurately estimates sensor's 3-D poses by utilizing ISF. Experiments conducted in six representative indoor spaces show that the accuracy of the proposed method is better than the previous method. Furthermore, the proposed method shows robust performances in a sense that a set of adjusted parameters of the related algorithms does not need to be recalibrated as target environment changes. We also demonstrate that the proposed method not only generates 3-D depth maps but also builds a dense 3-D RGB-D map.


In order to improve the adaptability of low-salinity waterflooding technology in some areas where freshwater resources are scarce, we aimed at implementing the low-salinity effect (LSE) in carbonate reservoirs through tuning injection seawater composition. LSE of ion tuning water (ITW) was verified by the results of core flooding tests, obtaining a water-free recovery factor of 50.7% and cumulative oil recovery of 77.2%. The micro mechanisms behind it were revealed via direct force-measuring and Zeta parameter (Zetap) measuring. Our results are expected to provide a new LSW strategy via tuning injection seawater composition in the case of carbonate reservoirs.


ABSTRACT: Research objective is how to know used fuel influence of premium and champhor mixture to performance and gas emission car. The research done with treatment for different premium fuel mixture camphor and without camphor. Research result show torgue and pressure increase with machine rotation increase to maximum value. The analysis show
camphor and fuel mixture content influence to torgue. Machine rotation increase for camphor and fuel mixture give influenze to output power.


The research experiment was conducted at a dual language Montessori school in a lower elementary classroom that contained first grade students. The classroom contained thirteen students in total, with five boys and eight girls, and two head teachers. The research investigated if peaceful lessons (grace and courtesy lessons) and peaceful teacher modeling would affect the student's behaviors and concentration in the classroom. The research began with baseline data collection through student interviews, student work, and a behavior tally sheet completed during the great work period in the morning. After the first two weeks of school, daily peaceful lessons were conducted with the students, and the teacher made mindful changes, to model positive language and behaviors in the classroom. The data concluded that peaceful lessons and teacher modeling had a positive effect on the behavior and concentration of the student's in the classroom. Peaceful lessons and teacher modeling will continue once a week to prolong positive student behaviors in the classroom environment. Monkey See Monkey Do: Modeling Positive Behavior in the Classroom Being the only teacher in my elementary one classroom with 16 students, I often found myself overwhelmed by their needs and behaviors. Frequently I hastily tried to solve situations in the classroom instead of taking the time to listen and understand the needs of the children. I found myself being "un-Montessori," using a loud authoritative voice at times, and not fully taking the time to look at the whole child and their needs. Instead, my focus was on lesson completion and checking follow-up work. Therefore, I found that the students had a hard time with their grace and courtesy in the classroom. They were modeling my quick reactions with their peers, and not taking the time to understand the needs of each other. I was concerned that my E-1 Montessori student's behaviors were taking time away from their academic learning. I noticed that I was not choosing the correct reactions and language to promote a peaceful and respectful classroom. The students in the classroom had difficulties in expressing themselves appropriately in school, and my reactions to their behaviors were causing others to act out or to become distracted from their learning. I realized the students needed to spend extra time understanding themselves and their classmates. If they could spend less time arguing and distracting each other, they would have more time for enjoying and concentrating on their work. In order for me to do this in the classroom, I needed to make some changes in how I model peacefulness and respect to my students. Teaching in a new elementary one Montessori classroom at a Montessori school provides me with a wonderful setting in which I am able to perform and collect my data for my research. However, my elementary one classroom is different from a regular Montessori elementary classroom for two main reasons. The first reason is my classroom is not set up as a traditional Montessori classroom because it doesn't have the usual threeMonkey See Monkey Do: Modeling Positive Behavior in the Classroom year student age range (6-9 years in age). The classroom is new and is made up of only first grade students because of the growth of the school. My classroom is also unique to a traditional Montessori elementary classroom because I am teaching in an integrated dual language classroom. I am the head English Montessori teacher in the classroom and there is a Spanish co-teacher. The students in our classroom receive Montessori lessons and follow-up work in both Spanish and English daily and have two full time teachers in the classroom at all times. I currently have 13 first grade students in my classroom, with five boys and eight girls. Even though my classroom is not a traditional Montessori classroom, it provides me with a chance to explore and research with first year students to see if the changes I have made in the classroom can promote and create positive and respectful students. By the end of my research, I am hoping to have students who have a great understanding of themselves and their peers. In turn, they will able to spend more time concentrating and enjoying their learning, and less time being distracted or bothered by negative behaviors in the classroom. I began my exploration by investigating other professional's research in the area of creating a peaceful classroom. My research led me to look at various approaches from both traditional and Montessori classroom settings on how to create a peaceful and respectful classroom environment. Massari expresses her strong feelings towards educating children's emotional intelligence. Massari (2011) states, "What was once considered a value as basic as pencils and paper has been left behind in the educational race to the top. There is a growing body of evidence, however, that suggests that getting back to the golden rule through the use of social and emotional learning strategies may be Monkey See Monkey Do: Modeling Positive Behavior in the Classroom a worthwhile investment in promoting an academically solid, bullyfree learning environment" (pg. 8). Haskins (2010) describes the need to look at the spirit of the child when looking to improve behaviors and academic success in the classroom. "The intended outcomes, when children are armed with such an inner toolbox of resources, include self-awareness, reduced stress, improved impulse control, increased concentration, and compassion for others"(pg.73). Another area of consideration for creating a peaceful and respectful classroom environment is modeling peace and positive behaviors. Crawford (2005) states, "If we are going to teach peace in the primary grades, it is necessary to remember that actions speak louder than words"(pg. 322). Crawford also believed that formal and informal lessons on positive behavior and conflict resolution would give the students the tools that they need to be more respectful and peaceful in the classroom. Many researchers suggested that students should be a part of creating rules and deciding in class procedures. The teacher should also give positive reinforcement when he or she notices a child following those classroom rules and procedures. Picotti (2010) states, "through the application of positive reinforcement, teachers facilitate positive, caring, atmosphere, by celebrating students who comply with classroom rules and/or participate in learning tasks" (pg.13). Trussel (2008) agreed with Picotti and thought that if students were given the opportunity to help create the rules, and discuss what each rule means, there should be less behavioral problems as the children have a clear understanding of what is expected of them. When looking to create a respectful and peaceful environment one should also consider looking closely at the arrangement of the classroom. Guardino and Fullerton Monkey See Monkey Do: Modeling Positive Behavior in the Classroom (2010) state, "Environmental modifications are a preventative, whole class approach that may decrease chronic behavior problems, prevent behavior problems for students who are at risk, and allow children with minimal or no problems behavior to access learning without interruptions"(pg. 9). Additionally, classroom environments should include a peaceful area that is accessible to the students. Haskins (2010) understood that there will be times in the day when students need a time for "inner peace" when they have become frustrated, over stimulated, or upset, and need to let out their feelings in a positive way. The peaceful area would be that place for the children to go to release their feelings. Through my research I yearned to learn and implement positive ways to promote a peaceful classroom using the power of words. Through teacher modeling and lessons, my goal for the students was to improve their behavior so the student's academic learning would not be interrupted. From this goal, I was able to develop and create the following research question: What effects will teaching and modeling grace and courtesy lessons in the Montessori E-1 classroom have on student's behaviors and concentration during work time? Description of Research Process Before I could begin collecting data for my action research question, I needed to collect baseline data from my classroom. I began collecting data on the first day of school using a behavior tally sheet that I created (Appendix A). The tally sheet was looking at two things; whether the students were concentrating during work time, or if the students were off task, causing disruption during work time. I wanted to be very specific in the off task behaviors as it would provide me with information that I could use later when developing grace and courtesy lessons that I would teach to my students. The categories Monkey See Monkey Do: Modeling Positive Behavior in the Classroom for disruptive behaviors were talking loudly, not working, inappropriate language / actions, and other. Each morning I would observe the classroom and mark tally marks on my sheet in half hour increments. By observing my classroom of students every half hour I was able to see what times of the day certain behaviors were occurring and then could use my future lessons to try to solve those problems. I collected baseline data using my tally sheet for the first two weeks of school (9 school days). (The baseline tally sheet that was used can be found in Appendix A.) During my baseline data collection, I also collected a piece of work from each student each week. The collection of work was to provide me with an example of the students work before any grace and courtesy lessons were taught. This provided me with baseline work collected to see if the quality and concentration on their work improved after receiving lessons on grace and courtesy. At the end of the first two weeks of school I also conducted my first baseline interviews of my firs


▴ Imai Y, Parodo J, Kajiwaka O, et al . Injurious mechanical ventilation and end-organ epithelial cell apoptosis and organ dysfunction in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA2003;289:2104–12

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

In this laboratory study, acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced by acid aspiration in 24 rabbits which were then randomised to injurious (tidal volume 15–17 ml/kg, PEEP 0–3 cm H2O) or non-injurious ventilation (tidal volume 5–7 ml/kg, PEEP 9–12 cm …

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Salinity constraints for rice cultivation in Camargue mainly concern short periods (5-10 days) during the first cropping month (from germination to 5th leaf stages). Because of unfavourable climatic conditions, it is impossible to directly undertake breeding lines field screening. So greenhouse tests have been performed in order to specifically screen for varietal salt tolerance according to the Rice critical stages in Camargue: germination (comparison of germination ratio in salted/unsalted conditions), sprouting (evolution of dry matter weight in function of increased salt concentration) and 5th leaf stage (transpiration and photosynthesis activities evolution in function of increased salt concentration). Another type of test attempt to consider the effect of cumulated constraints; the varietal behaviour when salted and cold environment give a good image of that really occurs in Camargue. Then, fields trials only concerns the better genotypes in order to confirm greenhouse tests characterisation. Another way to improve salt tolerance try to profit by the presumed 'seeds hardness' phenomenon. Using three seeds samples coming from cropping in very different situation of salt constraint (weakly, moderately or strongly salted conditions) and three type of conditions for germination (distilled water, 2.54 g/l NaCI and 10.2 g/l NaCI), it is possible to measure "the hardness seed effect". Whatever the salt concentration, the germination rates are so much higher so was the importance of salt constraint in the seed multiplication paddyfield. Prospective for Rice salt tolerance improvement, based on the knowledge of salt adaptation cells physiological mechanism is discussed. (Resume d'auteur)


This supplemental issue of Health Education & Behavior is devoted to the theme of prevention research in women's health. Women's health has improved markedly in the past century. A woman's life expectancy increased from 48.3 years in 1900 to 79.8 years in 2001. The change in life expectancy for older women has been especially dramatic. In 1900, women rarely lived to age 90; in 1990, nearly one-quarter of 50-year-old women could expect to live to age 90. As documented in the recent Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) publication, A Century of Women's Health 1900-2000, life expectancy gains for women are largely attributable to prevention efforts such as washing hands, sanitizing medical equipment, and ensuring access to a safe water supply. That publication also describes how women's health issues were integrated into health care training, public policy debates, health education programs, and clinical practice during the 20th century. Despite this progress, the scientific community paid little serious attention to genderspecific issues in research before the 1980s. When women were included in studies, gender differences were typically not reported and presumably not assessed. Findings from studies of men were generalized to women with little regard for the possibility that the results might lack validity across genders. In the decades since 1980, however, recognition of major differences between the sexes has increased substantially, as demonstrated by the establishment of an Institute of Medicine committee on understanding the biology of sex and gender differences. Increased attention has also been given to including women in research. This is reflected in such events as the 1986 National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandate that women be included in government-funded research (http://www4.od.nih.gov/orwh/ tracking97.pdf). At the same time, several federal-level offices were established that focused on women's health, including the DHHS Office on Women's Health (http:// www.4woman.gov/owh/), the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (http:// www4.od.nih.gov/orwh/), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Office of Women's Health (http://www.cdc.gov/od/spotlight/nwhw/). In addition to


In this paper, we define the derivative or the partial derivative of a Lp-function in the sense of Lp-convergence. We also define the derivative and the partial derivative of a Lploc-function in the sense of Lploc-convergence. Then we study their fundamental properties. Here assume that 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ holds.
We say that the branch of analysis on the bases of the concepts of Lp-convergence and Lploc-convergence is the Lp-calculus.
As the results, we have the following conclusions for the differential calculus of classical functions.
Assume that 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. Then we have the inclusion relations Lp ⊂ Lploc ⊂ L1loc. In the Lp-calculus, the derivative or the partial derivatives of a Lp-function are the derivative or the partial derivatives of the function calculated in the sense of L1loc-topology which are the Lp-functions for each p, (1 < p ≤ ∞) respectively.
For Lploc-functions, we have the similar results.
Especially, the L1-derivative or the partial L1-derivatives of a L1-function are the L1loc-derivative or the partial L1loc-derivatives in the above sense, respectively. But the inverse facts are not necessarily true.


Provides biographical information on John Waldie and historical background to accompany the transcripts of the Journal of John Waldie Theatre Commentaries, 1799-1830, from Collection 169, The John Waldie Papers, 1793-1862, UCLA Young Research Library Special Collections.


Abstract The ligand, 3,3′-bis(5-imino-δ2-1,4,2-oxathiazoline), OT, has been prepared by the reaction of dichloroglyoxime with potassium thiocyanate and characterized by its spectral data and elemental analysis. Reactions of OT with Zn2+, Fe2+ Cu2+ and Ni2+ led to the formation of the following complexes: Zn(OT)Cl2, Fe(OT)Cl22H2O, Cu(OT)Cl2H2O and Ni(OT)Cl2.2H2O. All the complexes were characterized by their infra-red spectra, magnetic moments, elemental analysis, electrical conductance and decomposition points. Comparison of the infra-red spectra of the free ligand with those of the corresponding metal complexes indicates bonding via the nitrogen donor atoms.


Clarkson resident Janey Emery has been given the nod as the people's choice in the
City of Wanneroo's 2016 Community Art Awards and Exhibition.


The present paper is an attempt to understand the various health care service organizations functioning in the health care industry. The authors tried to find out the functioning level of various agencies working in private sectors, government sectors and voluntary wing. The source of data is completely based on secondary sources. Though this paper totally a conceptual one, through this paper the authors have tried to present various authorities functioning in national level, state level, district level, and village level etc. This paper will definitely help various research scholars to give an idea about the implementing authorities in the medical industry.


The article determines that a coalition is the union of two or more participants who have agreed on joint actions for a certain period in order to achieve a common goal; it is stated that for the creation of a coalition there should be preconditions, in particular: presence of at least two participants; readiness for risk, awareness, rationality; the emphasis is placed on the fact that any organization, the coalition has a life cycle of the organization, consisting of the following stages: 'Birth', 'Existence; and 'Decay'; party coalition is systematized according to the following criteria: by the number of participants; by the number of political parties that have signed a coalition agreement; in the ideological closeness of the coalition partners; by division of strength between the participants; by the date of foundation; by the degree of formalization; the planned number of problem solving; for the period of existence; depending on the purpose of forming a coalition; depending on their ideological orientation; in the field of activity; and by social status. Party coalitions are typified according to the following criteria: by the number of participants; by the number of political parties that signed the coalition agree-


Meta-analysis is a statistical tool used to combine the results of multiple studies examining similar clinical questions, giving a quantitative pooled result. This increases the precision of an estimate of the effect, by utilising the data from all the available studies. It is typically associated with systematic review, where the results are combined into a meta-analysis, and is considered a high-quality form of evidence. As such, meta-analysis is commonly used to form clinical guidelines, and it can play a key role in summarising evidence for use in clinical practice. However, the quality of a meta-analysis is directly related to how well it is undertaken, both in terms of article selection and analysis. A meta-analysis that is performed poorly can lead to inaccurate and flawed conclusions [1]. As part of a series of publications in Anaesthesia, this article will outline some key points to guide researchers and authors in how to perform and write a meta-analysis for publication. Since its original conception, many different forms of meta-analysis have been proposed but we will focus on commonly used and simple examples, with only passing references tomore complexmethods.


The writer of the present paper, studies the geopolitical changes in central Asia and Cacasia and situation of Iran in these changes. The paper also explains that who plays the most influential role in these changes. The writer then divides the role- players in to three groups and discusses them and their relationships. The first group consists Iran and Russia that have traditionally had the most important role in the area. The second group consists the newly independent countries in the area, and the third group consists the foreign countries in which their viewpoints about the area are very influential.
Key words: central Asia and Caucasia, Caspian Sea, geopolitical changes, world powers, Iran.


This note describes an efficient class of procedures for finding a solution to the functional equations \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$v^{*}_{i}=\max_{k} \biggl[q^{k}_{i}-g^{*}T^{k}_{i}+ \sum^{j=n}_{j=1}P^{k}_{ij}v_{j}^{*}\biggr],\quad 1\leq i \leq N,$$ \end{document} of undiscounted Markov renewal programming. First, for the special case of a single possible policy, the problem is proved equivalent to solving two related ordinary Markov chain problems, which leads to an algorithm for the general problem whose exact form depends on the specification of a decision rule for alternation of two types of iterations. At one extreme, the technique is exactly "policy iteration," with iterative techniques replacing solution of N equations for each improved policy; at the other extreme, the algorithm becomes essentially "value iteration," generalizing the method of successive approximations proposed by D. J. White for Markovian decision processes. The latter version of the technique is related to another generalization being currently proposed by Paul J. Schweitzer; the methods being proposed here, however, do not deteriorate when the minimum transition time between states becomes very small.


A key determinant of the success of influenza containment is the transmission rate of the novel strain. C. Fraser et al. ["Pandemic potential of a strain of influenza A (H1N1): Early findings," Reports, 19 June, p. [1557][1]] estimated the basic reproduction number ( R ) of the Mexican outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) to be in the range of 1.2 to 1.6. The value of R is a key measure of transmissibility and estimates the number of secondary cases in a completely susceptible population. Their findings were comparable to lower estimates for the 1918 pandemic, where R ranged from 2 to 3 ([ 1 ][2]).

To further investigate the transmissibility of this novel virus, we conducted a secondary analysis of the largest reported cluster of influenza A (H1N1) ([ 2 ][3]). We used survey data from students of the St. Francis Preparatory School outbreak in the United States to calculate the effective reproduction number ( R ) in a school-based setting. R is the average number of secondary cases generated by an infectious case during an epidemic and is usually comparable to R . This survey collected data on self-reported fever and either cough or sore throat between 8 and 28 April 2009.

We used the method proposed by Vynncky et al. ([ 3 ][4]) to calculate R from the growth rate of the epidemic. We based our parameter assumptions on estimates for seasonal influenza commonly reported in the literature, because such values are not yet available for H1N1. The parameters were as follows: incubation period of 2 days; infectious period of 3 days; and a calculated serial interval of 5 days. The serial interval is the time between the onset of symptoms for first and second generation cases. Using daily data from the outbreak growth phase, we calculated R to be 2.69 [95% confidence interval: 2.20 to 3.22; degrees of freedom (df) = 13]. Increasing the estimated infectious period to 5 days results in an R of 3.45 (95% confidence interval: 2.74 to 4.28; df = 13). The confidence interval for R was derived from a Monte Carlo simulation based on the uncertainty of the slope estimate. Estimates of R were relatively insensitive to the use of data from the growth phase or entire outbreak.

Our calculated R is specific to this school setting and, with the increased transmission potential of a close-contact setting such as a school, is likely to be higher than transmission rates in the community-wide Mexican outbreak. The use of parameters estimated from seasonal influenza will need confirmation for the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus. Our analysis supports the findings from Fraser et al. that this H1N1 virus has a transmission rate comparable to the lower R estimates of 2 for the 1918 pandemic ([ 1 ][2]).

1. [↵][5] 1. G. Chowell, 2. H. Nishiura, 3. L. Bettencourt
 , J. R. Soc. Interface 4, 155 (2007).
 [OpenUrl][6][Abstract/FREE Full Text][7]

2. [↵][8] 1. T. R. Frieden
 , Commissioner, "St. Francis Prep Update: Swine Flu Outbreak" (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, 2009); ([www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/cd/h1n1\_stfrancis\_survey.pdf][9]).

3. [↵][10] 1. E. Vynncky, 2. A. Trindall, 3. P. Mangtani
 , Int. J. Epidemiol. 36, 881 (2007).
 [OpenUrl][11][Abstract/FREE Full Text][12]

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syndrome is known as conditions that cause stroke due to hypercoagulability associated with malignant tumor. Ovarian cancer is a major cause of this syndrome, but there is few report caused by ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma. We report a rare case of this associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma. A 70-year-old woman admitted due to disorientation. Examinations revealed multiple cerebral infarctions and ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma. The progression of mucinous adenocarcinoma is slow, but the progressed case is poor prognosis. Although our case had unfortunate outcome, in future both antico-agulant therapy and immediate treatment of cancer by careful monitoring with CA125 should be essential.


This paper reviews some of the basic patterns of international capital flows to emerging markets in recent years, including the composition of capital flows, intraregional flow patterns, and the geographical distribution of the flows. A theoretical model that sheds new light on these observed patterns is developed. This model focuses on the cost of financing aspect of capital flows, and shows that the patterns of capital flows are influenced by the combined effects of financial market development and growth potential in the recipient countries. The theoretical predictions of the model are shown to be consistent with the stylized facts.


We examine how firms pursue innovation opportunities through cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and their impact on international technology spillovers. Our empirical analyses, based on a sample of 85,591 M&A deals from 57 countries, show that innovative firms in low innovation countries are more likely to undertake cross-border deals, and select innovative targets when doing so, as compared with innovative firms in high innovation countries. We also find that these cross-border M&As earn higher announcement stock returns when compared to domestic deals. Firms from low innovation countries produce more patents and invest more in research and development (R&D) after they acquire targets in high innovation countries. Our empirical evidence suggests that the acquisition of innovation is an important and value-enhancing driver of crossborder takeovers and results in technology spillovers.


BNC105 is a phase II potent and highly selective disruptor of tumor microvasculature that causes the rapid onset of hypoxia and necrosis in solid tumors. BNC105 targets the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, causing chronic disruption of adhesion molecules, and was developed to be best-in-class with high specificity to actively dividing cells. It has one of the largest therapeutic windows of its class and has been shown to have direct cytotoxic activity on tumor cells. It is this highly tumor-specific mechanism of action that has positioned BNC105 as a therapeutic with high potential in the hematologic cancer setting. Previous studies of BNC105 have shown that treatment with BNC105 results in the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylation of ATF2, and the induction of ATF3 and Noxa, leading to acute apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. These findings led to the commencement of a phase 1/2 trial of BNC105 in patients with CLL. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of BNC105 treatment on acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease that currently has limited treatment options. To assess the utility of BNC105 therapy in this setting, six AML cell lines representing different subtypes, including the high-risk FLT3-ITD subtype, were initially used in proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle distribution and cell signaling by Western blot were all assessed after treatment. All tested AML cell lines were highly sensitive to treatment with BNC105 with an IC 50 =0.2nM to 1.3nM after 48 hours treatment. Analysis of apoptosis induction revealed cell line-specific effects; however, a consistent dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of JNK was observed across all cell lines. AML patient samples obtained from the South Australian Cancer Research Biobank (SACRB) were exposed to BNC105 at clinically relevant doses for up to 72 hours and cellular viability and apoptosis induction were assessed by Annexin V/ 7AAD staining and caspase 3 and 7 activation measured. BNC105 induced caspase activity and significantly decreased viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, including the FLT3 mutant subtype patient samples. In comparison, bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy controls were much less affected by BNC105. Effects of BNC105 on the leukemic stem cell (LSC) phenotype population were also investigated. The LSC-containing population, measured by CD34/CD38 and GPR56 or CD93 staining, was targeted by BNC105 in all AML patient samples tested. These results suggest that AML cells can be directly targeted by BNC105 at clinically relevant concentrations and hence further clinical investigation of BNC105 is warranted for AML treatment in a patient population with high unmet need. Citation Format: Daniel J. Inglis, Debora A. Casolari, Tran Nguyen, Donna M. Beaumont, Nicole L. Wittwer, David Ross, Richard D9Andrea, Tina C. Lavranos. The microtubule-disrupting drug BNC105 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in AML patient samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1881.


In modern civilization people live longer than before and it is expected that this increased longevity will be enjoyed in a safe, sound and secured living environment. But with increased of age mental abilities are reduced and there is a necessity of caregiver which may interfere with their privacy. In this research work, we target towards the development of a wireless sensors based home monitoring system especially for elder people. The current system is based on sensors which detect use of electrical appliances whether they are connected to electrical mains. But it has been realized to there is a requirement of a few more sensors to making a smart home monitoring system. This paper has reported the development of a bed-sensor which forms one sensor of the home monitoring system.


The system of the juvenile criminal law in the Republic of Serbia includes different mechanisms of social response to juvenile delinquency, including corrective orders, corrective measures and juvenile prison. This paper deals with the issue of determining a relevant sentence for juvenile offenders in trial proceedings. The legislator has provided a number of guidelines for these proceedings: the specific range of the juvenile prison sentence, the purpose of punishment, the degree of maturity of a juvenile offender, the time needed for his/her educational and vocational training, and all relevant circumstances envisaged in Article 54 of the Criminal Code. The previous statement reveals the focal points of examination and structural organization in this article, whose purpose is twofold: first, to explain the effect of the subject-specific legal provisions (aggravating and mitigating circumstances) envisaged in the Act on Juvenile Criminal Offenders and Protection of Juveniles in Criminal Law and, second, to establish how the general provisions from the Criminal Code are applied in this case, with special emphasis on their specific manifestations.


There was demonstrated that source of secondary raw materials for zinc recovery are a dust from copper and steelmaking and zinc cake. The most value from indicated products present follow metals: zinc, lead, tin, copper. According to value of valuable components in raw materials, the most value has dusts from copper smeltery. There is reasonable treat stated products by means of volatilization method in tube furnaces (). High content of halogenides and arsenic complicates zinc recovery by hydrometallurgical method from waelz-fume. There was offered for harmful contaminants removal as the most reasonable method baking. Taking into account volume of generated volume, the most potential for zinc recovery has dust of steelmaking. Throughout the world proportion of zinc recycling is 30 per cents, and in Russia only 4 per cents. Therefore there is need modernization of existing method of Waelz process and fume baking, from the viewpoint of volume growth of zinc recycling for home industry.


The symbols, ' 0 , , , , , , D M D A ML org M K K K φ ∆ , and ' 0 A φ ∆ , in Eqs. (3)(4) denote the individual distribution constant, / o M M + +         , of M + into an o phase, that of A into the o phase, the complex formation constant, [ ] / o o o ML M L + +         , for ML + in the o phase ( 0 eq V φ ∆ = because of the reaction in the homogeneous phase), a standard formal potential for the M + transfer across the water/o solution interface, and that for A across the interface, respectively [3,4,6].


Business Speaking courses differ from courses in Professional Speaking and both courses should have academically viable and departmentally unique content and organization.


We have obtained an extensive data set of heat transfer coefficient (HTC) measurements in (R-218, C3F8)/(R-116, C2F6) zeotropic refrigerant blends. A horizontal thin-wall tube with a circular cross-section and diameter of 4 mm was used as an evaporator. The data covers heat fluxes from 3.5 to 10 kWm, mass fluxes from 91 to 264 kgms and C2F6 fractions from 0 to 25% molar. Various flow regimes were clearly identified via the HTC measurements on both the top and bottom of the tube. Boiling liquid was observed to pool at the bottom of the tube at low mass fluxes, while an annular flow regime was achieved at higher mass fluxes. The C3F8/C2F6 saturated fluorocarbon blends are zeotropic, exhibiting the usual behaviour where the HTC of the blend is lower than those of its pure components. A comparison between the data and several models of flow boiling heat transfer is presented. The comparison includes a flow map that predicts various flow boiling regimes inside a horizontal pipe.


Asama volcano in central Honshu, Japan, commenced four-month-long eruptive activity on September 1, 2004, with a phreatic explosion after approximately 20 years of quiescence. According to the mode of eruption, the activity is divided into three phases : Phase I, Phase II and Phase III, which are characterized by a phreatic explosion and plume activity, nonexplosive eruptions with swarms of BH-type earthquakes and explosions at short intervals, respectively. In Phase I, the ash samples are mainly composed of altered volcaniclastic material. Meanwhile, the ash samples in Phase II and Phase III are pristine and originated from new magma. The fluorine and chlorine contents of the ash samples in these phases are determined, and their behavior corresponding to the dramatic changes in the mode of eruption is examined. The ash samples in Phase I characteristically contain large amounts of fluorine and chlorine in watersoluble and water-insoluble forms. The prolonged reactions of HF, HCl and SO2 in volcanic gases with old volcaniclastic material within the crater during the noneruptive period prior to Phase I produced extraordinary amounts of water-soluble and water-insoluble F and Cl compounds. The intense degassing in Phase I and Phase II corresponding to the ascent of the magma near the surface sharply decreased the volatile contents of the uppermost part of the magma column; however, the water-insoluble F contents of the ash samples in Phase IIa are higher than those of the ash in Phase IIb. These results strongly suggest that volatiles were greatly concentrated in the uppermost part of the ascending magma prior to Phase I. Meanwhile, the water-insoluble Cl contents of the ash in Phase IIa are significantly lower than those of the ash in Phase IIb. Chlorine was degassed from the uppermost part of the ascending magma column far more intensely than fluorine because chlorine is more volatile than fluorine in magma, which probably decreased the chlorine content of the ash in Phase IIa significantly. Chlorine was degassed intensely, whereas fluorine was less degassed between Phase IIb and Phase IIIa. The intense degassing of chlorine from magma corresponded to the dramatic change in the mode of eruption from nonexplosive to explosive eruptions. The transition of the water-insoluble Cl contents of the ash samples in Phase III demonstrates steady degassing of chlorine from the effused lava. The significant increases in the water-soluble F and Cl contents of the ash samples in Phase III demonstrate that the effused lava gradually reacted with volcanic gases, although the ash was not subjected to obvious alteration. Water-soluble F compounds formed on the surface of the lava were partially converted to water-insoluble F compounds, which significantly increased the water-insoluble F contents of the ash samples in Phase III. Determination of the water-soluble and waterinsoluble F and Cl contents of volcanic ejecta enables clarification of their behavior through emanation from magma and reaction with volcaniclastic material and inference of the vertical gradients for these volatiles in the ascending magma column.


The invention discloses a printing method for the instep, preparing an instep and a printing device which possesses a mould plate and a print element. Burning the instep with laser beam and making the instep form a position fix space which can penetrate one layer and eliminate the dermatoglyph in fluctuation type, when printing the right amount paint in the position fix space using the printing device, a pattern unit is formed in the position fix space.


The galvanomagnetic properties of niobium and tantalum were measured at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in fields up to 100 kG for single crystals having residual resistivity ratios of 1500 (niobium) and \ensuremath{\sim}10 000 (tantalum). The two metals exhibit very similar anisotropy of their galvanomagnetic properties. Each is uncompensated, with a net number of carriers equal to one hole per atom. The strong anisotropy of the magnetoresistance results from open orbits on a surface which is topologically similar to a set of intersecting cylinders along the cube axes. Measurements of the Hall coefficient with the field along the symmetry axes show this to be an open hole surface, and provide a measure of two of its dimensions. This surface is consistent with that proposed by Mattheiss for the group-VB metals on the basis of his energy-band calculations for tungsten.


Nurses are essential care providers for patients and families living with terminal illness. Expert nursing care has the potential to diminish suffering, optimize comfort, and improve patient outcomes. Assisting nurses to strengthen their skills and capacity in the provision of end-of-life care is an important element of continuous quality improvement. A learning needs assessment was undertaken to help a group of hospice nurses to identify their learning needs. Data were collected using a cross-sectional multiple-method survey approach. Interviews, a focus group, a survey, and clinical observation were conducted. Findings identified assessment, information sharing, provision of decision support, and practical care delivery strategies as key learning needs. Pain assessment and management was found to be the primary knowledge and clinical skill development need. Use of multifaceted data collection approaches provided a practical and effective way to elucidate learning needs. Findings can be used to guide the development of responsive, learner-validated educational interventions.


In view of the hospital arrangements necessitated by the outbreak of war, and of the amount of emergency hospital work which is being done in the country, we have decided to devote our cust om mary Autumn Special Number to an account of the practical problems presented by this work. Naturally, difficulties in the way of securing expert assistance at a time when all possessed of it are devoting their time to practical administration have been great, but we shall hope next week, nevertheless, to present information on a number of practical points, illustrating the cost, requirements, and equipment of emergency hospitals. In addition, We hope to publish a full account of a Territorial base hospital from the same point of view. The effort to collect information on the practical points presented for solution by the hospitals during the present crisis will, we hope, make our Special Number of lasting value.