The civil aerospace industry features distinct systems structures. The global air traffic market is characterized by an intense competition of a high number of airlines. The relation of airlines to airframe manufacturer is currently an oligopoly with the relation of aircraft manufacturers to engine manufactures being a bilateral oligopoly. This industry is based on mature technology ensuring high levels of safety and reliability. With the lever of incremental innovation becoming smaller and smaller, the quest for technology leaps is on. Long product life cycles, additive product change, limited resources in the supply chain as well as the long lead times of a high technology environment are contradicting fast leaps in technology. In this context long term business success only is achieved by mastering the mechanisms and drivers of this very special system. Defining the products of the future requires a thorough understanding of these mechanisms and might become one of the competitive edges in product design. Understanding of systems dynamics might be gained through digital simulations. Whilst being fast such simulations have disadvantages with regards to transparency and the interaction of entrepreneurial decisions which are shaped by the structure of the system itself. Because of that a table top simulation similarly to the beer game is proposed. The goal of the beer game was to demonstrate the effect of systems structures on the behavior of people and to show the benefits of modern supply chain management. This paper presents major aspects of the Jet Engine Game. Its goal is to demonstrate the effect of cost, lead time and degree of innovation in the field of jet engines as well as selected changes in the industries environment on the entrepreneurial decisions of airframe manufacturers and airlines. A comprehensive specification of the Jet Engine Game is presented. Special attention is given to suitable metrics as well as the allowable degree of system simplification. The resulting limitations are documented and discussed in the light of the goals of the business simulation. Finally typical results of the business simulation are presented. The degree of insight gained by the participants in the current development state of the business simulation is appreciated at its true value.


On the basis of the oxide,calcium carbonate and organic carbon contents,and organic carbon stable isotope of the continental strata in the Turpan Basin,Xinjiang,together with the ratio of Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+),the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and paleoclimate during this period have been studied.Our studies have revealed that an apparent oscillation of all environmental proxies occurred near the boundary.At the terminal Cretaceous,δ~(13)C_(org) increased significantly,organic carbon,calcium carbonate,SiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3) contents decreased,while at the beginning of Paleocene,the increasing of SiO_(2) and Al_(2)O_(3)contents was accompanied by the decreasing of(δ~(13)C_(org)).These changes actually reflected a cool event in the latest Cretaceous.Study of ratio of Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)(further) indicated that the temperature was low in the latest Cretaceous,which is consistent with the result(derived) from the organic carbon isotope.


Since the emergence of COVID-19, the clinical manifestations are continually challenging the clinicians and scientists for the rapid development of a preventive solution of SARS-CoV-2 infections Our hypothesis was inspired by the fact that the bats during powered flights generate heat shock responses via HSP70 and HSP90, which safeguard them from deadly viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 harbored within the bats Therefore, we hypothesized that HSP70 and HSP90 bind with S-ACE2 and/or AngII, thereby making ACE2 less available or unavailable for SARS- CoV-2, which may enhance immunity inhibiting the cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Using molecular docking approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and CYP450 metabolism studies, detailed protein-protein (S-ACE2), complex protein-protein (HSP70/90-S-ACE2), and complex protein-ligands interactions (HSP70/90-S- ACE2-ASP/PIP/HYD) were carried out to establish the most probable protective mechanism of HSPs in SARS-CoV-2 mediated ARDS Our results showed that out of many ligands tested, piperaquine (PIP) and Aspirin (ASP) interacted quite efficiently with HSP70/90-AngII compared to the HSP70/90-S-ACE2 with the formation of a relatively stable complex having excellent DockThor scores, Delta G, and Kd values Further, it could be predicted that ASP-inducible HSP70/90 and PIP might work through binding with the accumulated AngII due to malfunctioning of ACE2, thereby preventing the cytokine storm ARDS with fewer chances of clot formation too in COVID-19 patients However, these purely in silico findings need to be validated in the in vitro/in vivo experimentations for further insight into the proposed preventive mechanism(s)


Objective To investigate the clinical features of colonic mucosal lesions from 26 cases of AIDS patients.Methods Retrospective studies were performed in 26 patients who received colonoscopy and histopathological examination in the last 10 years.Results 26 cases of AIDS patients had fever and diarrhea and other symptoms.73.1% of them with fever(T up to 39.5 ℃),cough as the first symptom,26.9% for abdominal pain,diarrhea as the first symptom,accompanied by varying degrees of tenesmus,watery or mucous stool,76.9% had varying degrees of oral ulcers,thrush,sore throat-difficult swallowing or retrosternal pain and other symptoms.The positive expression rate of stool occult blood and bloody mucopurulent stool were 69.2%(18/26) and 57.7%(15/26) respectively.Colonoscopy showed that 84.6%(22/26) of patients had different degrees of lesion,among which 11 cases were chronic colitis,10 cases were colon ulcer and one case was ileocecal malignant lymphoma.Rectum and sigmoid colon lesions were common in those patients,symptoms of diarrhea were more severe when lesions spread to the rectum.Histopathologic examination was non-specific.Pathogenic check:in 16 cases of AIDS patients,7 samples inspected up out pathogenic organisms(43.8%).Conclusion Fever and diarrhea are common symptoms of AIDS.Colonic lesions are more common in patients of AIDS,manifested as chronic colitis and colon ulcers,occasionally tumors.Clinical symptoms are more severe when lesions spread to the rectum.Even more,patients with fecal occult blood positive or bloody purulent stool will be more prompted to intestinal lesions.


Since the French Revolution, army generals are sometimes Heads of State, rarely chiefs of government, and only exceptionally foreign ministers ; since 1851, the office of Foreign minister has always (except in 1941-1942) been entrusted to a civilian. In the diplomatic corps, few are the ambassadors who were former officers ; they indeed form an exception in republican practice. On the other hand, the Residents General in the protectorates and the High Commissioners in the mandated territories are very frequently army generals. This article shows the evolution of this military participation in the administration of French foreign policy.


This paper describes the Control method of calculating the reference currents for shunt active power filters under different load conditions. In PHC method was applied to a three-phase four wire system in order to reduce harmonics present in the source current .When the non- linear load connected across the source, source current getting harmonics, due to the harmonics load heated very short time so to avoid this problem to reduce the harmonics present in the source current . This compensation method will generate un- compensating current to compensate the source current. These methods produce more optimal solution based on the MATLAB simulation.


This book was written with the purpose of providing a comprehensive description of soft-tissue reconstructive procedures in the adult upper extremity, excluding the hand. The title is potentially misleading in that this is not a text concerned with microvascular reconstruction. Rather, it presents the approach of a well respected upper-extremity surgeon to a variety of clinical challenges that he has encountered.

The book is …


The Archaeology of Regions: A Case for Full-Coverage Survey. SUZANNE K. FISH and STEPHEN A. KOWALEWSKI (eds.). Percheron Press, Clinton Corners, New York, 2009. xxv, 277 pp., illus., maps. $42.50. ISBN-13: 978-0-9797731-0-5.This book is a page-for-page reproduction of the classic The Archaeology of Regions (Fish and Kowalewski, eds., 1990) with two notable exceptions. First, Fish and Kowalewski have written a new prologue to the 2009 edition, bringing their case into the present and assessing the impact of their original volume after 19 years of archaeological work. They note that CRM in most states transitioned from sampling to full coverage (FCS) and that archaeologists all over the world are using full-coverage regional surveys in their research designs. The editors (p. ix) highlight the greatest benefit of FCS as the ability to generate "innovative follow-up research at smaller [sic] scales." An added benefit of most modern FCS is the explicit discussion of methods enabling robust comparison. Fish and Kowalewski (p. x) list five general goals of FCS. Most of these are not unique to regional FCS and (very) generally characterize goals that most archaeologists have in their fieldwork. One goal that is important for their position and the position of many of the contributors to the volume is the "location and description of all the artifacts or feature arrays deemed significant to the investigator" (p. x; emphasis added). This is a noble, but unrealistic, objective. FCS is still sampling (Cowgill, p. 254). The only real differences between sampling and FCS are the shape of the sample units and their regularity of proximity. FCS is not a panacea. As their description of the number one objective of FCS highlights, the intensity and sensitivity are choices made by the PI based on research objectives. The data are not applicable to all problems. However, Plog admits that consistent resolution over contiguous areas allows more flexibility than typical sampling designs.The second change consists of the correction of a printing error in the original. The 1990 hardback version, on page 126 of Wilson's chapter, omitted half a page of text and inserted a similar-sized block from page 128. The omitted text is the final portion of Wilson's methods section and does provide key details of how the data from his version of FCS can be organized and employed to address research problems.The editors tout the benefits of "100 percent surveys" (p. 1). Again, it is important to remember that FCS is still sampling. They define FCS as "systematic examination of contiguous blocks of terrain at a uniform level of intensity" (p. 2), where intensity is a projectand question-specific determination (though not always justified). "Region" is not defined; they note the volume contains examples of "just over fifty to several thousand square kilometers" (p. 2). Further, the new preface notes that FCS in the Mediterranean is not typically expansive enough to qualify as "regional" (p. viii-ix). I find no reason to not entertain more variable definitions of "region" (see Thurston and Salisbury, eds., Reimagining Regional Analyses: The Archaeology of Spatial and Social Dynamics, 2009). The editors highlight the benefits of FCS in teasing out relationships among sites (networks, systems), especially compared to discontiguous probabilistic strategies. This is the appropriate achievement to tout for modern archaeological research. They argue this is true even in cases of lesser social complexity, as "patterning among low density occurrences is not easily detected with moderate size samples" (p. 5). They therefore argue (here and elsewhere in the volume) that there "are significant inducements to consider full coverage in major segments of North America" (p. 5). This is important. Though they note in the new preface that CRM use of FCS in North America has increased, with the exception of the Southwest, there is little use of this tool in research here. …


The first book provides an interesting and detailed account of major changes in the Nordic Higher Education (HE) systems. Reforms over the last twenty years and the driving forces behind these changes constitute its particular focus. The opening chapter analyses the Nordic HE model, traditionally anchored in social-democratic beliefs, and identifies a number of key value shifts which underpin the recent reforms and which have to some extent relocated HE within a neo-liberal framework. These shifts are examined in the wider context of globalising forces, changing economic priorities and pressures for greater inter-Nordic and EU harmonisation across the HE sector. The differing effects of these forces are subsequently examined in individual chapters devoted to each of the Nordic states. Although the focus of each chapter varies to a degree, certain themes help to weave a common thread throughout the book. These include issues of massification and widening participation, the tensions that exist within unified and binary systems of HE and the ramifications of increasingly marketised policies which focus attention on quality assurance and accountability, and inevitably re-orient priorities and understandings. In a chapter on the Danish system, Rasmussen discusses the difficult transition from a heavily segmented sector to a system based more coherently around a common framework offering flexible differentiation, with more permeable borders between the various institutions. This has led not only to greater similarities in the length of degree courses but also to a blurring of divisions between the different Danish Higher Education Institutions. This process, driven by Danish desires to achieve a 50% participation target, has raised some concerns, however, as the unified structure leads to questions of parity between institutions and courses, concerns which lie partly behind the costly introduction of elaborate systems of quality review. Rinne links the rise of such evaluative systems to a number of pressures that are steering the Finnish HE system in new directions as the country responds to changing global, Compare Vol. 36, No. 3, September 2006, pp. 401–409


Different polymeric matrices, based on butadiene-styrene rubber, polymethyl-methacrylate and silicone binders, were investigated for their ability to decrease the sensitivity of explosives to different mechanical stimuli. A series of plastic explosives based on four different nitramines, namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), β-HMX (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane), BCHMX (bicycloHMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole) and ε-HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-CL-20), bonded by the selected polymeric matrices were prepared. Sensitivity to impact of all of the plastic explosives prepared as well as of the pure explosives, was measured using the fall hammer test. Sensitivity to friction was determined using the BAM friction test. The performance was studied using the ballistic mortar test and the results were recorded relative to TNT (trinitrotoluene) as reference. By comparing the results of impact and friction sensitivities, it is obvious that the mechanism of transfer of the friction force to the reaction center of the nitramine molecule should be different from that of impact energy transfer. The silicone binder appeared to be the best polymer for decreasing the sensitivity of explosives. The results of the ballistic mortar proved that the performance of the plastic explosives prepared is affected by the type and weight percentage of the binder in each sample.


Abstract Since 1999, there has been increasing settlement in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, of large numbers of Roma families from Hungary, seeking refugee status. A number of agencies across health, social welfare services, education, immigration, child welfare, and justice sectors were concerned about the apparent difficulties members of the Roma community were experiencing within these systems and the ability of these systems to provide effective services to the Roma community. The goal of the Roma Project was to identify the needs of the Roma community across health and social service domains and to promote a deeper understanding of Roma people and their culture in addressing those needs of the Roma population. Focus group and key informant interviews were conducted with members of the Roma community (n = 24) and service providers (n = 62) in order to develop recommendations for effective and culturally appropriate services.


In an effort to better understand the motivations behind perceived biases in the US cable news industry, 72 hours of CNN, FOX, and MSNBC during the week preceding the 2006 congressional election were analyzed. First- and second-level agenda-setting theories are used to examine how long and in what way federal politicians are portrayed. The results indicate distinct differences in political presentations between the three networks.


To the condition of water flooding after polymer flooding, due to improper mobility ratio, following water will quickly breakthrough the bank of polymer to production wells, which cause water cut in production wells in a short time. To solve this problem, polymer-fixed technology of double-fluid method has been put forward in this paper. Results show that application of the technology after polymer flooding could fully fix high concentration polymer in site and the formed gel system will effectively plug these high permeability channels, impel following water to strata of medium and low permeability and improve the oil recovery after polymer flooding. To restoring water flooding after polymer flooding, the technology of flocculating and polymer-fixed technology of double-fluid method can fully flocculate low concentration polymer and effectively fix high concentration polymer in site, which can plug effectively high permeability strata, improve greatly the water injection profile, the sweep efficiency of succeeding water flooding and the oil recovery of water flooding.


Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigmentation disease, and defects in regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proposed in the pathogenesis of generalized vitiligo (GV). However, the role of programmed cell death (PD)1+ Tregs has not been studied.


A fundamental idea in corporate finance is the ranking of stakeholders in a company in terms of claims over the cash flows generated by company assets and over those assets if the company is wound up. This ranking has important consequences for the expected return demanded by investors in the various securities (debt, equity etc) issued by the firm. The notion that shareholders have the residual claim on earnings, and importantly the residual claim on a return of capital in the event of the company being wound up, has been central to our understanding of the role of equity capital in the modern limited liability company. In the case of a failed company, shareholders stand to lose their entire investment in the company because distributions from the company assets are paid to higher priority claimants first. This paper investigates the consequences of the January 2007 High Court decision to uphold the decision reached earlier by the Federal Court in the case of Sons of Gwalia, which upsets this conventional arrangement in the case of a failed company. Sons of Gwalia (SOG) was an Australian gold mining company (with a stock market capitalization of approximately $600 million 6 months prior to insolvency) that was placed in voluntary administration in August 2004. The case involved a shareholder, Luka Margaretic, who purchased 20,000 fully paid ordinary shares on the ASX 11 days prior to the company going into voluntary administration, and who (successfully) claimed to be entitled to be ranked equally with all other unsecured creditors of the company. Subsequent to the High Court decision a request was made by the then Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer, the Hon. Chris Pearce, MP, for CAMAC to consider the implications of the decision of the High Court of Australia in Sons of Gwalia Ltd v Margaretic [2007] HCA1. This was in recognition of the potential disadvantages caused by the decision to unsecured lenders, trade and other creditors, the added complexities and delays to external administration of failed companies and the possible consequences to the market for corporate financing, including the cost of debt. Our discussion focuses on the cost of debt and considers some of the perspectives contained in the report released by CAMAC.


ABSTRACT Present work studies the bremsstrahlung efficiency, bremsstrahlung dose rate, probability of energy loss by beta during bremsstrahlung emission and specific bremsstrahlung constant of the beta radionuclide for various steels such as XM-5, 317LM, XM-17216, AL-6XN, JS700, NIROSTA 4565S and stainless steel. We have compared the shielding properties among the studied different steels. From the detailed study, the steel type 317LM is having the highest bremsstrahlung dose rate and specific bremsstrahlung constant values than the other studied steels. This means the steel type 317LM is a good absorber of bremsstrahlung radiation than the other studied steels. Hence it is better to use the steel type 317LM in the nuclear power plants than stainless steels and other steels to avoid the secondary radiation such as bremsstrahlung.


Human ribonuclease inhibitor(RI) is a cytoplasmic protein.RI can interact with ribonuclease A(Rnase A) and angiogenin(ANG),suppressing their activities.We have previously demonstrated that RI may effectively inhibit growth and metastasis in certain tumors.However,the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.In this study,we investigated in vitro and in vivo effectsof RI on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells.The combination of MTT and flow cytometry(FCM) showed that stable transfection of the RI gene induced S-phase arrest and inhibited proliferation of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells.Annexin V/PI staining and FCM revealed that overexpression of RI resulted in apoptotic cell death.Consistently,over-expression of RI down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2,but up-regulated Bax and activated pro-caspase 3 in Western blotting.Grafting tumor in C57 BL/6 mice showed that compared to the control cells,the growth of tumors coming from grafted RI-transfected B16-F10 cells was retarded,and microvessel density was decreased in tumorbearing C57 BL/6 mice,indicating that RI suppresses angiogenesis of tumor.Furthermore,the cytoimmunochemistry/histoimmunochemistry in vitro and in vivo and Western blotting revealed that overexpression of RI markedly blocked the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β that are ILK downstream signaling targets,and reduced β-catenin expression.Together,to our best acknowledge,this is the first demonstration of that RI may induce cellular apoptosis and S-phase arrest and inhibitory angiogenesis via regulating ILK/PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway,thereby suppresses the growth of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells in vitro and in vivo.Our data suggest that RI may be a potential target for melanoma therapy.


Colorimetry is an important on-site detection method for organophosphorus compounds. O-Ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX) is recognized as one of the deadliest organophosphorus chemical agents, and the rapid on-site detection of VX is of great significance to public safety. In this paper, a squaraine derivative was synthesized as probe molecules, and the sensing characteristics of VX in a colorimetric solution system containing tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TABF) were studied with UV−Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the binding of the thiol moiety of VX to the quaternary ring of the squaraine probe changed the molecular conjugation system, and that the rapid colorimetric detection of micro-trace VX was achieved based on color change before and after interaction with squaraine, enabling the detection limit of VX to be as low as 0.4 μg/mL. Moreover, the colorimetry method also possessed satisfactory sensitivity and could detect VX from other organophosphorus pesticides (e.g., parathion and dichlorvos), phosphorus-containing reagents (e.g., diethyl chlorophosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate), a benzene series (e.g., toluene), and acid and base agents (e.g., acetic acid and triethylamine, respectively), which demonstrated that squaraine-based colorimetry could provide fast, on-site measurement results for VX detection. The strategy of this research could be extended as a common approach for the detection of other organophosphorus nerve agents or organophosphorus pesticides.


This paper presents the high linear even harmonic mixer driven by the pulsed LO for achieving high power and low distortion performance. For the objectives, positive and negative pulses pump an anti-parallel diode pair as the LO voltage. Duty ratio of each pulse is 25% for the LO period. This means that the pumped conductance Gj of the anti-parallel diode pair includes the highest level of the second order harmonic. This can reduce LO dependence on the conversion efficiency of the even harmonic mixer. Theoretical and experimental investigations confirm effectiveness on the high power and the low distortion performance of the even harmonic mixer with the proposed LO waveform.


Exploring the Brain Forest, a virtual environrnent currently in design, will present hierarchical views of the btain at several levels of scale from a global overview to immersion within its forest of neurons and glial cells. Participants are encouraged to enter, become immersed in, and wander within the most spatially complex structure known in nature. Exploring the Brain F orest is being designed as a 3D graphical model onto which will be mapped brain data sets drawn from microscopy of ral, monkey and human brain tissue mapped at the limit ofoptical resolution. In the cortex, for example, pyramidal neurons scaled up 50,000 times resemble giant Sitka spruce trees, while other neurons mimic hardwoods oftropical rain forests. This volumetric brain model will provide both an initial orientation and a portal into the vir tual microscopy ofbrain structure.


Abstract The development of free-stream disturbances in flow over a vertically vibrating flat plate with a slender leading edge is investigated. The evolution of the optimal inflow perturbation that results in the maximum amplification is computed to investigate the effect of the plate vibration on the development of free-stream disturbance, secondary instability of streaks and subsequently the bypass transition to turbulence. It is observed that the plate vibration leads to periodic change of the angle of attack, shifting the free-stream disturbance to the upper or lower side of the plate. Therefore, the development of steady inflow perturbations, which receive the largest amplification, is interrupted by the vibration, and the perturbation amplification via the lift-up mechanism is weakened. The vibration brings a second peak of perturbation growth at the vibration frequency, leading to high-frequency free-stream perturbations penetrating into the base boundary layer, which is not observed in flow over a stationary plate owing to the sheltering mechanism. This resonance of the flow perturbation and the vibrating plate is explained by the staggering effect of the leading edge. Further, the direct numerical simulations with the optimal inflow perturbation imposed on the inflow boundary show that the vertical vibration of the plate leads to streamwise periodic vorticity near the edge of the boundary layer. This inhomogeneity of the streamwise vorticity brings about streamwisely localized distortion of the low-speed streaks and, thus, an intermittent secondary instability. Therefore, before the streaks break down to turbulence, they undergo several rounds of secondary instabilities, resulting in an elongated bypass transition process.


In order to understand the effects of Phyllostachys pubescens expansion on soil fertility in National Nature Reserve of Mount Tianmu,physical and chemical analyses on the soils under bamboo forestry,bamboo-deciduous-conifer mixed forest and deciduous-conifer mixed forest were conducted.The result showed that,along with Phyllostachys pubescens expansion,the content of soil hydrolytic N was obviously increased,the contents of available P and quick-acting K was obviously decreased,but it had not significant effect on soil pH,full N and full P.Soil water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial respiration carbon(MRC) and proportion of organic carbon(OC) presented in soil labile organic carbon were significanly increased with the Phyllostachys pubescens expansion,compared with the soil under deciduous-conifer mixed forest,the content of WSOC,MBC and MRC were increased by 50.3%、36.5% and 66.1%,respectively.


A plant that uses three major stages to convert natural gas to produce a 1MMM lb of mixed xylenes stream a year, which contains 68 wt% of para-xylene, was designed for this project. The three main stages are the dehydrocyclization stage, where methane is converted to benzene; the alkylation stage, where benzene is alkylated to form xylenes; and the postprocessing stage that separates para-xylene from the mixed xylene stream. The goal of the project was to produce a billion pounds of BTX while maximizing profits. This report provides a detailed design and economic analysis for the production of paraxylene and mixed xylenes on the Gulf Coast. Process flow sheets, energy and utility requirements, and equipment summaries have been provided and analyzed. The process is currently unprofitable with an IRR of 5.77% and a net present value of $(327,000,000) at a discount rate of 20%. The financials for this venture are highly sensitive to the price of natural gas, which is currently $0.02/lb. A few major reasons that make this venture unprofitable are the extremely high costs for the two proprietary processes, namely the Sulfolane process and the Parex process, high use of utilities, and low conversion of methane to benzene. After in depth analysis of the financials, we recommend that this project should not be executed unless the proprietary process costs are significantly reduced or a better conversion of methane to benzene is achieved. Disciplines Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering | Chemical Engineering | Engineering This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/50 Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Senior Design Reports (CBE) University of Pennsylvania May 2013


an investment amount of US$702.4 million (by Malaysian listed companies) compared to US$112.2 million (p. 77). Nevertheless, Singapore's home grown Wilmar International is the largest palm oil producer in the world and an important player in the Indonesian oil palm plantation sector (p. 88). Regionalization, driven by cultural familiarity and patronage politics, is examined in detail in Chapter 4. Regionalization is aided by cultural familiarity, more specifically "the culture of patronage that has become such a dominant identity among many countries in Southeast Asia". Malaysian and Singaporean companies operating in Indonesia were familiar with this culture of patronage and able to "insert" themselves into the local network. Well-connected companies (local or otherwise) were able to get away from persecution because of their strong patronage networks. Decentralization also encouraged predatory behaviour by shifting incentives and opportunities for patronage and corruption from the central to the subnational level (p. 123). There are several serious weaknesses within the legal framework which also gave plantation companies leeway of getting away with burning. Companies have to be caught red handed (p. 138). Other companies blamed neighbouring plantations or shifting cultivators for fires caused within their concessions. In Chapter 5, the author argues that the ASEAN model of regionalism, which emphasizes national sovereignty and self-determination has allowed member states to shape collective mitigation initiatives at the required level in accordance with the interests of political and economic elites. This has weakened ASEAN's capacity to create and enforce haze mitigation efforts that would serve collective regional interests (p. 160). As such, the regionalism of haze mitigation has failed, and haze has persisted as a regional pollution problem (p. 170). While most of the ASEAN initiatives regarding the haze were useful in generating massive amounts of information, not much has been done in terms of effective implementation of mitigation activities. The focus on national plans and the lack of legally binding documents ensured that states were largely free to pick and choose regional initiatives that best suited their narrow economic national interests (p. 175). In the conclusion, the author reiterates that the haze arose as a result of regionalization of the oil palm plantation sector, populated by Indonesian, Malaysian and Singaporean plantations. Bolstered by their home-state support and local patronage networks, these companies were able to act freely, using the most cost-effective means including fire to set up their plantations. As a result, the transboundary haze occurred on an annual basis. When it became severe enough and crossed boundaries and seas, ASEAN came into the forefront. However, ASEAN-level outcomes were ineffective because they followed the principles of consensus building and non-interference. A short review cannot explain the strengths of this publication. Readers may not agree with some of the views or arguments put forward. Suffice to say, this work has captured the complexities involved in understanding the regional haze issue which has both political and economic tones intertwined with one another. The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia: Palm Oil and Patronage provides rich insights and is recommended for those wanting to better understand this issue.


In the development of modern society, many advanced technologies have been applied to the development of various industries, and the application of new media technology has made great changes in the work and study of the people. In the new media environment,English teaching in colleges and universities has improved the traditional teaching mode, made the teaching idea get some innovation, and introduced many innovative teaching methods, which stimulated the students' enthusiasm for learning. Based on this, this paper expounds the importance of the reform and innovation of English teaching in colleges and universities under the new media environment, analyzes the present situation of English teaching in colleges and universities, and studies the optimization measures for the reform and innovation of English teaching in colleges and universities under the new media environment.


On the Shawangunk Mountain ridge in Ulster County, New York, on September 18, 1973, I discovered 60 fronds of an unusual Asplenium growing in a fissure on a vertical cliff of Silurian conglomerate. Asplenium montanum Willd. is abundant on these cliffs. I have observed numerous living plants of Asplenium montanum in Ulster County, New York, in seven counties in North Carolina, and I have seen herbarium specimens at the New York Botanical Garden (NY). All specimens were found to be uniform in morphology, and more than 99 per cent of the fronds bore sori. There are no described forms or varieties of this species. The new form (Fig. 1) differs from the typical form in the following characters: (1) blades light yellow-green instead of dark blue-green, (2) tip of frond not tapered to a lobed apex (Fig. 2A versus 3A), (3) pinnae and ultimate divisions more dissected (Fig. 2B versus 3B), (4) frond length averages 2.3 cm shorter than typical New York specimens, and (5) the absence of sori. The possibility of ecological variation is minimal, as plants of the typical species grow on the same cliffs and even on both sides of the new taxon in the same rock fissure. These differences warrant naming this a new form of Asplenium montanum. Asplenium montanum f. shawangunkense Reeves, f. nov. Ab Asplenio montano f. montano lamina flavo-virenti sterili, apice non lobato, et pinnis lobisque incisioribus differt. HOLOTYPE: Between Lake Minnewaska and Mohonk Lake in the Shawan-


This work carries out a technical survey about the technologies available for wireless communication of personal clinical devices. The technologies considered are the most extended Internet of Things technologies, they have different purposes and features in order to cover the gaps required to reach a Internet of Things ecosystem, where the clinical devices will be powered with new characteristics such as communications, alerts, analysis, and remote monitoring. These technologies are 6LoWPAN/IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy (BT-LE), and Near Field Communication (NFC). Each one of these technologies has a function in the context of mhealth and eHealth. NFC is used by a patient to access their current health. BL-LE can be used to gather information from the same room, environment and pathology. And finally 6LoWPAN can be used to check the status of several rooms and even around the hospital by any IPv6 device. This work analyzes each one of the technologies and defines when each technology is more suitable.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deal with the issue of market redefinition through an examination of a unique industry that has met with multiple obstacles: online gambling. The main research question is how markets get redefined when quantum technological change occurs, despite the lack of formal support and a highly fragmented industry structure, typical in online industries.Design/methodology/approach – This industry lends itself to the analysis because of the intense competition for reconstruction of the field among state powers, professional associations, and global forces. The paper provides an archival and qualitative overview of the industry and identify the various forces competing for dominance in the market. It examines the competing logics in this industry and identify the sources and implications of such competition for emerging markets.Findings – Both broad and specific contributions of this paper are discussed, namely the important role of professional and interest associations in...


This paper examines the history of research on medieval deviant burials discovered in the area of Poland. The problem of unusual funerary practices (e.g. decapitations, prone burials or covering the corpses with stones) was acknowledged by Polish archaeologists already in the early decades of the 20th century, but for a long time it remained on the fringes of mainstream academic debates. Considerable changes occurred in the 1970s when deviant burials started to be treated as a separate group and interpreted as representing "anti-vampire practices". Over the next few years the tendency to perceive the dead buried in deviant graves as "vampires" dominated the academic discourse, with very few attempts at offering alternative explanations. Recently, the sensationalist interpretations of deviant burials have also permeated into (inter)national media, leading the general public to misinformation about Poland's past and the mentalities of its medieval societies. The main objective of this paper is to critically explore the inspirations and contexts in which the "vampiric" interpretations first came to light. An attempt will also be made to propose alternative ways of understanding deviant burial phenomena in Polish medieval archaeology.


Single-phase (binderless) superhard nanopolycrystalline diamond and cubic boron nitride (cBN) consisting of fine grains of several tens of nanometers without any secondary phases or binder materials have been developed. These nanopolycrystalline materials are synthesized by direct conversion sintering under ultrahigh pressure and high temperature with optimized and precisely controlled starting materials and synthesis conditions. Their hardness surpasses that of single crystals and conventional sintered compacts and is free from the characteristic cleavage and anisotropy of single crystals. They are especially promising materials for next-generation high-precision, high-efficiency cutting tools and wear-resistant tools. The nanopolycrystalline diamond has excellent potential for precision cutting of nonferrous hard materials, including cemented carbide and hard ceramics, as does the nanopolycrystalline cBN for cutting ferrous hard metals.


A study of LiNbO 3 through the ferroelectric-paraelectric and melting transitions is reported, mainly by Raman scattering under microscope. This allowed to evidence unexpected features in the liquid phase, and more precisely the formation of solid inclusions ( , 50 w m) which look to increase in number upon heating. So large inclusions have never been reported in this phase and results of thermal analysis, X-Ray and SEM characterizations are presented here.


This paper considers the model testing for partially linear models with instrumental variables. By combining the instrumental variable method and the empirical likelihood method, an instrumental variable type testing procedure is proposed. The proposed testing procedure can attenuate the effect of endogeneity of covariates. Some simulations imply that the instrumental variable based empirical likelihood testing method is more poweful.


In typical text generation settings, there exists a discrepancy between the training objective and evaluation criteria. Generally, researchers train text generation models by maximizing for loglikelihood on cross-entropy while evaluating on a separate metric, such as BLEU score, that cannot be optimized by evaluating gradients. While some work has been done to use policy gradients to directly optimize for non-differentiable rewards, these methods are difficult to train due to the amount of computation required. Instead, we focus on an alternative method of approximating for BLEU by evaluating Differentiable Expected BLEU (DEBLEU). We evaluate our method on machine translation, while comparing results to both cross-entropy and policy gradient methods. Furthermore, we provide empirical results regarding the computational benefits of DEBLEU vs. policy gradients. Lastly, we focus on text-style transfer and argue that DEBLEU loss is a more suitable objective than cross-entropy for this task.


Loyalty of employees in labor-intensive companies is important for the continuity of production and business continuity. This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on operational employee turnover intention at CV Cahaya Kapasindo. The population in this study were all employees of CV Cahaya Kapasindo which consisted of 180 employees. A sampling of 124 employees using a proportional stratified random sampling technique. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis which has previously been tested for validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The test results reveal that job satisfaction and organizational commitment have a significant effect simultaneously on turnover intention. Job satisfaction has a negative and significant effect partially on turnover intention. Organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect partially on turnover intention. Higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment will have an impact on decreasing the turnover intention of operational employees.


This article proposes a prefabricated steel reactive powder concrete (PSRPC) component. Axial compression tests are conducted with five 3m full-scale column specimens to investigate the specimen damage and failure process and to measure the axial displacement, strain and ultimate bearing capacity in order to study the influences of the RPC strength and the section steel flange thickness on the mechanical properties of the PSRPC. The tests show the following. The ultimate failure mode of the PSRPC is column end splitting. During the loading process, the RPC and the section steel work compatibly, and their strengths are given full play. The lateral effect of the RPC on the section steel and the composite confinement effect of the stirrups and section steel on the RPC core significantly increase the ultimate bearing capacity of the PSRPC, and these effects increase with an increase in the RPC strength. The confinement effect on the RPC core in the enclosed region increases with an increase in the section steel flange thickness, that is, the thicker the section steel flange, the larger the portion of the load taken by the RPC core and the higher the ultimate bearing capacity of the PSRPC. The finite element analysis of PSRPC specimen is carried out by ANSYS software, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. A method for calculating the axial bearing capacity of a full-scale column is proposed, taking the confinement effect of the stirrups and section steel on the RPC core into account.


We demonstrate theoretically the existence of a unidirectional surface mode at the interface between a gyromagnetic medium (biased ferrite) and a magnetically opaque medium, occurring in the frequency gap of the bulk medium. The topological invariant of the gyromagnetic medium, the Chern number, is calculated analytically from the bulk dispersion bands, and duality is used to connect with the previously studied gyroelectric (magnetoplasma) case. The surface wave transmits electromagnetic energy without any backscattering or radiation, even in the presence of arbitrarily large physical perturbations at the interface. An application to a surface-plasmon directional coupler with perfect isolation is proposed.


The cold‐hardiness of nymphal stages 1 to 5 and adult male and female Blatta orientalis was tested at 2°, −5° and −10 °C. The LT50 (time) of insects exposed to −5° ranged from 0.21 to 0.43 days. Acclimation at 10 °C for times varying up to 14 days progressively increased cold‐hardiness. A 14 day acclimation at 10° prior to exposure at −5°C increased LT50 (time) to 1.1–4.2 days for the various stages; prolonging the acclimation time to 28 days produced no further increase in LT50. All stages were rapidly killed at −10 °C (LT50<0.04 days) and survived prolonged exposures at 2 °C (LT50s from 16 to > 42 days) following acclimation. The potential for survival of outdoor populations of B. orientalis over winter is discussed.


A unique neural electrode design is proposed with 3 mm long shafts made from an aluminum-based substrate. The electrode is composed by 100 individualized shafts in a 10 × 10 matrix, in which each aluminum shafts are precisely machined via dicing-saw cutting programs. The result is a bulk structure of aluminum with 65 ° angle sharp tips. Each electrode tip is covered by an iridium oxide thin film layer (ionic transducer) via pulsed sputtering, that provides a stable and a reversible behavior for recording/stimulation purposes, a 40 mC/cm2 charge capacity and a 145 Ω impedance in a wide frequency range of interest (10 Hz-100 kHz). Because of the non-biocompatibility issue that characterizes aluminum, an anodization process is performed that forms an aluminum oxide layer around the aluminum substrate. The result is a passivation layer fully biocompatible that furthermore, enhances the mechanical properties by increasing the robustness of the electrode. For a successful electrode insertion, a 1.1 N load is required. The resultant electrode is a feasible alternative to silicon-based electrode solutions, avoiding the complexity of its fabrication methods and limitations, and increasing the electrode performance.


SUBTITLE: WITH NAMES LIKE BERYL MARKHAM AND DENYS FINCH HATTON ON THE ROSTER, TODAY'S MEMBERS OF THE AERO CLUB OF EAST AFRICA HAVE A REPUTATION TO LIVE UP TO.


A control design Methodology applicable to linear, time-varying systems with bounded, Lebesgue measurable parametric uncertainty as well as a class of nonlinear, time-varying systemns is presented in this paper. A portion of this design methodology was suggested by the robust feedback control studies of Petersen in [7] and Schmitendorf in [8]-[9]. However, instead of considering asymptotic stability, uniform ultimate boundedness, as presented in Corless and Leitmann in [4] and Barmish and Leitmann in [51, is considered. The design strategy proposed combines results from robust feedback control with the signal synthesis Adaptive Model Following Control (AMFC) approach of Landau in [11]. In addition to demonstrating robustness with respect to bounded, Lebesgue measurable parametric uncertainty, suggestions are made for considering the effect of the presence of frequency domain uncertainties.


Make or contract is the strategic issue addressed in this dissertation. In this thesis I shall investigate the market of agricultural mechanization services within the scope and limits of the agricultural firm. The question to be investigated focuses on the reasons for the predominance of the option for ownership of the equipment by farmers It is emphasized that a cut was made with respect to agricultural crops for the study, the Agribusiness Systems selected were sugarcane and soybeans. To settle this proposition it is used the New Institutional Economics as a theoretical basis. The concepts of Transaction Cost Economics and its strategy to save on transaction costs are elements that underlie the hypotheses on the choice of institutional arrangements. The scenario of transactions is the institutional environment and the institutions are responsible for the rules which govern them; justifying the sectorial analysis of the market for mechanized services. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm is used to explain the emergence of this new market. The empirical analysis involves two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative analyzes the SAG's of soy and sugarcane, and then the analysis of the institutional environment and the rules surrounding outsourcing in the country for finally a sectorial analysis of the mechanical harvesting services market to be developed based the theoretical framework. In the quantitative approach a comparison is made between the operational costs of acquiring harvesters and contracting external providers; followed by a probit model to investigate the relationship between contracting or not a service of mechanized harvesting. As a result of analysis of the institutional environment, it was shown that there are ambiguous rules regarding subcontracting, which sometimes discourages and penalizes those who choose to hire. A sectorial analysis of the mechanical harvesting services market in SAG of soy and cane sugar was made hrough two case studies. In-depth interviews were conducted with providers and stakeholders of mechanized harvesting services. As a prominent result of the analysis it appears that the services arise from farmers (100%) who had decided to optimize their machines, and also that the majority (63%) operates informally. This result supports the first hypothesis (H1) on the emergence of the Theory of Growth of the Firm services. Then the first quantitative analysis it is found that the operational costs of integrating and contracting services are very close if the option is to buy a machine in cash or to contract. But when financed property does not become a good financial option. In another quantitative step an econometric model was developed and investigated the relationship between to contract or not mechanized harvesting service, related with the temporal and locational specificity, previous contracts and the negative influence of the institutional environment. The idealized model and the survey results are the assumptions related to asset specificity (H2) and the existence of successful contracts in the past (H3) were validated with significance level of 5% The related institutional environment (H4) despite being significant event has not been validated, it has the opposite effect to that expected. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative data were used. It was concluded as planned that most producers are vertically integrated (67.2%) and that the option is not financial and that transaction costs matter in making these decisions. Attention now turns to the next suggested steps such as expanding the study to new crops and agricultural services. Key-words: Institutional Economics, Transaction Costs, Organizational Strategy, Agribusiness Systems, Agricultural Mechanization.


Describes the advantages and theory behind generation of power by IGCC, the structural breakdown of IGCC power station and the performance of equipment reguired, the development status of world major generation of power by IGCC projects and R D status of generation of power by IGCC technology in China, and points out the enviroumental protection requirement for the development of electric power provides a wide and bright prospect and space for the development of generation of power by IGCC, and the technology of generating power using clean coal is the right choice for power plants buring coal for generation of power in the new century to achieve sustained development.


The Mediterranean is a border between a wealthy, developed, and stable Europe on one side and a fragmented North Africa and Middle East on the other side. Today, in the region there is no major military threat as was the case in Europe during the Cold War. However, the region is destabilized by a combination of wide-ranging inter-state and intra-state conflicts, socioeconomic risks and low-intensity violence. Most of these conflicts and risks have their sources along the south shore and at the sub-regional levels. The first category of conflicts is constituted by territorial and border disputes such as those between Israel and Palestine; Israel and Syria; Israel and Lebanon; Greece and Turkey; Turkey and Syria; Egypt and Sudan; Spain and Morocco; and those in the Western Sahara1. The second category is represented by ethno-cultural rivalry as in the former Yugoslavia, Cyprus, and that which is part of the Kurdish question. To this list we add the low-intensity violence of terrorism in Algeria and Egypt. However, we should also not overlook the future importance of potential conflicts over water supply, particularly in the Middle East among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Israel and its neighbors, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia where in some cases the situation is complicated by the fact that there are connections between the territorial and ethno-cultural sources of conflicts, for example, the Greek-Turk rivalry and the Arab-Israeli dispute, whose cases belong to the category of "intractable conflicts"2. The geopolitical environment described above illustrates the specificity of the security


Forty-two stripe and leaf rust resistant derivatives of cv. WL 711 and 28 of C 306 were evaluated in two yield trials during rabi 1990–1991. A number of lines with high rust resistance significantly outyielded the check varieties. Five derivatives of WL 711 and 21 of C 306 were completely free of rusts under field conditions and were significantly superior in grain yield. Among these derivatives, only WG 3964, WG 3965, WG 4033 and WG 4034 had low incidence of Karnal bunt. Other lines were highly susceptible to Karnal bunt.


The service-oriented paradigm typically separates the development of systems into service engineering and application engineering. In our opinion, these two disciplines cannot be completely separated, as otherwise, there is no assurance that services provided by service engineering can actually be used by application engineering. In this paper, we describe service-oriented requirements engineering (SORE) as an appropriate means for mediating between the two disciplines, and we identify the provision of service capabilities on the right level of abstraction and variability as the most crucial aspects SORE has to assure. For this purpose, we present the adoption of product line technology in service- oriented architecture and its closer alignment with business process management as a promising approach, and list related principles as well as challenges we plan to address in our ongoing research.


This paper analyses the intermediary role of the technical bodies that support the use of budgetary and financial information by central government politicians in Portugal. The main findings show that information brokers are playing a central role in preparing this information in a credible, simple and understandable way. However, even if not intentionally, the information they present can be biased. Politicians need to be aware that the information brokers they rely on may not be giving them 'neutral' information.


This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic analyzing framework of battery energy storage systems. In this framework, a detailed battery degradation model is embedded, which models the depth-of-discharge, temperature, charging/discharging rate, and state-of-charge stress on the battery aging process. Total energy throughput and levelized cost of storage of BESS over the whole lifespan are evaluated under different operating conditions. Also, this work analyzes the techno-economic performance of battery energy storage systems under different electricity price mechanisms, including the time-of-use plan and the real-time-pricing mechanism.


CydDC is an ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) transporter found within Escherichia coli (E. coli), previously demonstrated to be important for the maintenance of the redox poise of the periplasm through the active transport of cysteine and glutathione. cydDC knockout strains have previously been reported to be unable to assemble bd-type respiratory oxidases, lack motility, and are sensitive to benzylpenicillin and nitrosative stress. Previous work has identified a unique haem bound to the heterodimeric CydDC complex, hypothesised to bind to CydD at amino acid residues Arginine 47 and Histidine 51. In the current work, UV spectroscopic analysis of purified CydDC confirmed the presence of bound haem and tryptophan fluorescence titrations revealed a high affinity of CydDC for haem with a Kd of 0.32 µM. A CydDC expression vector was modified to encode a H51A variant of CydDC, but this mutation resulted in loss of assembly of the CydDC complex, indicating an important role for Histidine 51 of CydD in the complex assembly. Finally, disk diffusion assays were consistent with a role of CydDC in exporting glutathione:metal conjugates, reflecting a potentially novel role for CydDC in metal tolerance.


The invention discloses a distributed parameter measurement impedance-based relay protection method for a single-phase grounding fault of a power transmission line. The method comprises the following steps that: fault-phase distributed parameter measurement impedance Zphi,ce is directly calculated by utilizing fault-phase voltage, fault-phase current, fault-phase negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current of a protector mounting position and parameters of the power transmission line; and if the amplitude of the fault-phase distributed parameter measurement impedance is lower than a set impedance value, and a phase angle of the fault-phase distributed parameter measurement impedance is within the range of 45 to 135 degrees, a protector transmits a tripping signal, otherwise the protector does not act.


Тhe simulation model of vocational activity of the head of preschool educational institution The article describes the application of the technology of «learning organization», used for the first time for managing competences of the head of pre-school educational institution.


The invention discloses a mutual inductance type non-contact current starter used for a commercial refrigeration compressor motor, and belongs to the technical field of a motor starting device. A permanent running capacitor C2 is connected between a primary winding lead-out end M and a secondary winding lead-out end S of the motor, and a combined lead-out end L of the primary and secondary windings is connected with a B end of an AC (Alternating Current) power source. The starter comprises a current transformer L1, a bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier T and a starting capacitor C1 ; one end of the primary coil of the current transformer L1, one end of the secondary coil and the T1 pole of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier T are connected with the A end of the AC power source; the other end of the primary coil of the current transformer L is connected with the primary winding lead-out end M of the motor; the other end of the secondary coil of the current transformer L1 is connected with the G pole of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier T; the T2 pole of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier T is connected with one end of the starting capacitor C1; the other end of the starting capacitor C1 is connected with the secondary winding lead-out end S of the motor. The mutual inductance type non-contact current starter used for the commercial refrigeration compressor motor has the advantages of being high in energy-saving efficiency, simple in circuit structure, good in universality, capable of bearing a heavy current, high in starting reliability of the motor and high in safety.


[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different mulching models in tobacco fields on tobacco diseases and Pest.[Method] With tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as tested material,the on-spot investigations were made three times on straw mulching fields,plastic film mulching fields and non-mulching fields in the plastic film broken stage,rosette stage and harvest stage of medium leaves.[Result] To pests,Myzus persicae reduced greatly and Prodenia litura occurred earlier and heavier on plastic film mulching tobacco fields comparing to that in on the other two fields,but the effects of different mulching models to on Helicoverpa assulta and Agrotis species were not evident.To diseases,the mosaic disease on straw and plastic film mulching tobacco fields were reduced in to a certain extent before harvest of medium leaves comparing with that on non-mulching tobacco fields.Weather fleck and Brown spot in on straw mulching tobacco fields were reduced evidently comparing with that on the other two fields.But the effects of different mulching models on Black shank were not evident.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis on the integrated diseases and pests management of tobacco.


. In this paper, the authors present several hypergeometric transformation inequalities for the Gaussian hypergeometric function F ( a , b ; c ; x ) , which are the extensions of the known hypergeometric transformation identities such as Ramanujan's cubic transformation identities, by showing the monotonicity properties of certain quotients of F ( a , b ; c ; x ) and its special cases. By these results, some related known results are considerably improved.


(Based on the Results of the Survey Conducted in the UFD) The article presents the results of socio-economic study which considers the problems of labor behavior of persons, who are looking for jobs, conducted in the Ural Federal District. They include not only the unemployed, but also other categories of the population. The use of various ways of looking for a job depending on socio-demographic characteristics of subjects of labor behavior is studied. The reasons and efficiency of their use are revealed.


Network analyzers are the fundamental instrument for characterization of the devices and components used in RF and microwave systems. Network analyzers were briefly introduced in the previous laboratory for their use in impedance matching; they now will be examined in more detail within the context of component measurement. Transfer functions are more naturally expressed in the Laplace or frequency domain, and swept frequency instruments, like network analyzers, can provide a direct measurement of these transfer functions by sweeping a signal source and a tuned receiver across a range of frequencies. Two-port measurements provide explicit characterization of linear system blocks with a single input and a single output, by far the most common type of element. A two-port network could be as simple as a section of cable, or as complex as a complete transmitter-receiver link. In its simplest format, a reference excitation is applied to one port, and the response from the other port is recorded as a function of the sweep frequency. More complex elements with more than two ports can be characterized by extension, and the measurement techniques extend easily by simple multiplexing of the stimulus and response ports. Scattering parameters, or S-parameters for short, are the working language of network analyzers. They provide a complete description of any linear, time-invariant element which then fully represents the behavior of that element within any system that it may be connected to. Scattering parameters involve phase information, and they are thus complex phasor quantities, and they are also frequency dependent. Once known, they can be transformed into other network parameters for circuit design, optimization, or tuning.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of a substantial body of research on the impact that negative attitudes towards ageing have on the health and wellbeing outcomes of people in later life and to highlight the need for a more interdisciplinary approach towards older people's wellbeing.,The paper draws from an initial analysis of over 70 peers reviewed and published studies on the psychosocial impact of negative stereotypes about ageing.,There is overwhelming evidence that the way in which people think about ageing can have a very significant adverse impact on a wide array of health and wellbeing outcomes. This research evidence is largely unknown, nor operationalised, within the field of health and social care policy or service development.,The fact that beliefs and attitudes can have such a profound impact on health and wellbeing outcomes suggests the possibility of psychosocial interventions to address them in order to improve older people's experience of later life. There is a need for a much more interdisciplinary research agenda to take these findings forward.,The evidence suggests the need for a much more rigorous and comprehensive approach to addressing the effects of socially constructed ageist attitudes.,Whilst the research itself is not new, the originality of this paper is its attempt to bring data from a different discipline into the health and social care ambit and thereby extend the knowledge base and create the possible conditions for the development and application of new psychosocial interventions to improve the lives of older people.


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This paper outlines a method to determine the tradeoff between economies of size in water treatment and diseconomies of distribution. Empirical results for New York are used to identify the implications for the rehabilitation and consolidation of rural water systems. -


In recent years, pest management scientists are reappraising the use of inert dusts as alternative insecticides because of several growing problem of the conventional insecticides like cumulative environmental pollution, increasing insect resistance to them etc. The naturally occurring amorphous micron sized silica (Diatomaceous Earth), derived from fossil phytoplankton has gained enormous popularity as a physically active insecticide in the temperate countries. Here we investigated and compared the insecticidal efficacy of surface functionalized amorphous silica nanoparticle (SNP) with micron sized silica "FossilShield90.0s" on tropical army worm Spodoptera litura. S. litura is a polyphagous pest which attacks a number of crops and vegetables. All micron and nano sized silica were applied on the second instar larvae of S. litura at four dose rates with proper control. It was found that all SNPs were much more effective than "FossilShield90.0s". Especially, hydrophilic SNP could kill all the larvae within 24 hours of the treatment. In vitro toxicity of SNPs was evaluated on MRC-5 cells with the help of water soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Unlike conventional insecticides, SNP kills the insects by causing damage to their cuticular water barrier. Insects lose water through their damaged cuticle and die because of desiccation. As this nanocide is physically active, insects are unlikely to develop resistance against it. United States Department of Agriculture has approved amorphous silica as bio safe.


List of tables Acknowledgements Part I: 1. Education and Soviet society 2. The new Soviet school 3. The education system: problems of mobility and specialization 4. Professors and Soviet power Part II: 5. The 'great turning-point' of 1928-1929 6. Cultural Revolution and the schools 7. Mass education and mobility in the countryside 8. The making of a proletarian intelligentsia Part III: 9. The restoration of order: new policies in education, 1931-1934 10. The 'New Class': social mobility and education under Stalin Notes Bibliography Index.


A bs tra ct The development of suitable educational programs cannot be seen exclusively under theoretical bases. Good programs must always lead the practical experiences and the application of the theoretical elements to solving problems. Here we present a model to build Interactive Media Labs with CGI and audio-visual resources, e-books development, compendium of info graphics, interactive games, and virtual collaborative environment for students.


The article presents an analysis of ultrasound diagnostics of intraamniotic synechia (IS) and perinatal
outcomes, if any. The frequency of prenatal detection of IS by ultrasound was 0.63%. In the postnatal period,
IS was observed in 0.5%. The issues of ultrasonic visualization of IS were discussed. Analysis of obstetric and
perinatal outcomes revealed the absence of a statistically significant effect of IS on pregnancy, the development
of the fetus, and the condition of the newborn. IS are risk factors for the formation of the breech presentation
of the fetus, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, increased blood loss in childbirth.


Introduction It is critical to provide not only mental health services but also welfare services that meet the socioeconomic needs of people suffering from mental illnesses in order for them to recover. Case managers in the public sector who provide socioeconomic support to the low-income class, in particular, play critical roles in early detection of untreated mentally ill people, linking them to the mental health system, and providing various supports for their community integration. Positive working relationships are required to fulfill these roles. Objectives This study aims to analyze the effects of human rights sensitivity of case managers on the working relationships with the persons with mental illness mediated by empathy. Methods We evaluated overall human rights sensitivity, level of empathy(cognitive, affective, behavioral aspects) and working relationships with the mentally ill of 291 public sector case managers(Mean age = 40.52, SD=7.96, female 78.2%, male 21.8%). Results In research model analysis, the goodness-of-fit was evaluated to verify the effect of overall human rights sensitivity on the working relationships with the persons with mental illness mediated by empathy. Most of indices showed sufficient goodness-of-fit. In other words, the higher overall human rights sensitivity is, the higher the level of empathy is, and this has a positive effect on the working relationships with persons with mental illness. Conclusions To form positive working relationships with people suffering from mental illnesses, public sector case managers must be educated to increase their empathy by improving their overall human rights sensitivity. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The fabless business model is leading to intellectual property (IP) based design for System-on-chip devices, involving both the field programmable gate array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology. The main advantage is essentially the decoupling of the system integration phase from the development of the single cores. The use of third-party IPs, however, raises many challenges, especially related to the security of the manufactured devices, as the dynamic installation/activation of new functions makes it more difficult to track the distribution and use of licensed IPs. In that respect, an effective solution involves the online interaction between each end user's device and the IP provider, but this online tracking comes at the price of compromised user's privacy. Bearing in mind this consideration, the work proposes the adoption of a concept borrowed from the trusted computing area, the so-called Direct Anonymous Attestation, to enable remote IP licensing and activation mechanisms while fully preserving the anonymity of the end user, i.e., making it impossible to infer the user's identity from its behaviour as seen by the activation server. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of an ad-hoc protocol, called Remote Anonymous Activation Protocol (RAAP), as well as a proof-of-concept implementation on a commercial target device, which encompasses an FPGA and a general purpose processing system.


The present invention relates to a printing method for producing electrical and / or electronic structures on a substrate, wherein the printing substrate is moved through a plurality of successively arranged pressure values of a printing press, and subsequently i) electrical to be printed in at least a first printing unit, a subject of and / or electronic structure having at least one adhesive component (a)


Causality – the principle stating that the output of a system cannot precede the input – is a universal property of nature. Here, we extend the concept of causality, and its implications, from the temporal to the spectral domain, leveraging the peculiar properties of time-modulated non-Hermitian wave-physics systems, with particular emphasis on photonic systems. Specifically, we uncover the existence of a broad class of complex time-modulated metamaterials which obey the time-domain equivalent of the well-established frequency-domain Kramers-Kronig relations. We find that, in the scattering response of such time-modulated systems, the output frequencies are inherently prohibited from spectrally preceding the input frequencies, hence we refer to these systems as 'spectrally causal'. We explore the consequences of this newly introduced concept for several relevant applications, including broadband perfect absorption, temporal cloaking of an 'event', and truly unidirectional propagation along a synthetic dimension. By extending the concept of causality into the spectral domain and providing new tools to extend the field of temporally modulated metamaterials ("chrono-metamaterials") into the complex realm, our findings not only deepen our understanding of spectral scattering dynamics, but may also open unexplored opportunities and enable relevant technological advances in various areas of photonics and, more broadly, of wave physics and engineering. Significance Statement – The causality principle – an effect cannot temporally precede its cause – is a fundamental property of nature and underlies several constraints on the properties of physical materials. Here, we extend the notion of causality from the temporal to the spectral domain in temporally modulated wave-physics systems. Specifically, we uncover the existence of a broad class of time-modulated photonic systems that are "spectrally causal" in the sense that the output wave cannot contain oscillations with frequencies (colors) lower than the frequencies of the input wave oscillations. As an important consequence, wave reflections are then automatically minimized. This new class of timemodulated metamaterials has relevant implications for broadband perfect absorption, invisibility, unidirectional propagation, and may open unexplored opportunities in wave physics and engineering.


Some time ago Rubakov and Shaposhnikov suggested that elementary particles might be excitations trapped on a soliton in a flat higher dimensional space. They gave, as an example, ϕ4 theory in five dimensions with a bosonic excitation on a domain wall ϕcl in the fifth dimension. They also trapped a chiral Dirac particle on the domain wall with the interaction Lagrangian g ϕψ. The field equation for the Dirac field was -i. We show that a Dirac equation in eight flat dimensions with -gϕ replaced by a harmonic-oscillator "potential" in the four higher dimensions (plus a large constant M0) generates bound states in approximate SU (4) × SU (2) representations. These representations have corresponding "orbital" times "spin" quantum numbers and bear some resemblance to the quarks and leptons of the Standard Model. Soliton theory suggests that the harmonic-oscillator potential should rise only a finite amount. This will then limit the number of generations in a natural way. It will also mean that particles with su...


Cross sections have been measured for K{alpha} x-ray production in targets of Al, Ti, Cu, Zr, Ag, Sm, and Ta by Ar, Kr, and Xe ions ranging in energy from 2.5 to 25 MeV/amu. In addition, the degree of simultaneous L-shell ionization and the enhancement of the K{alpha} diagram lines due to secondary ionization processes were assessed by performing high-resolution spectral measurements on Al, Ti, V, Co, and Cu targets. This information was used to correct for the K{alpha} x-ray yield produced by electron bombardment and photoionization, and to calculate the fluorescence yields needed to convert the K{alpha} x-ray production cross sections into K-vacancy production cross sections. The resulting cross sections were compared with the predictions of the perturbed stationary state approximation with corrections for projectile energy loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic effects (ECPSSR theory). Also, the scaling properties of the K{alpha} x-ray production cross sections were examined and a semiempirical (universal) curve was deduced that reproduces the measured cross sections to within {+-}30% on average.


In this paper,we prove this result: Let g∶H→H,CH be a nonempty open g-convex subset of a Hilbert space,g(C) be a convex set,f∶C→R be upper semi-continuous and there exist α∈(0,1),such that f(αg(x)+(1-α)g(y))max{fg(x),fg(y)},x,y∈C,then f is a g-quasiconvex function on C.


The present invention provides an image pickup device in which a column noise component is detected in a short time without being influenced under variant random noise even if the VOPB area B includes a small number of lines, and pixel signals from the effective pixel area A are corrected, based on the detected column noise component. The image pickup device includes a solid-state image pickup element having a pixel part including an effective pixel area to be irradiated with light, and a light-shielded pixel area where irradiation of light is shielded, a vertical scanning circuit, a horizontal scanning circuit, and an output circuit, a controller that controls the solid-state image pickup element such that the pixel signals outputted from the pixels arranged in the light-shielded pixel area or the pixel signals outputted from the pixels arranged in the effective pixel area are outputted from the output circuit, a control signal generator that generates a predetermined control signal,a noise component detector that detects noise, and a noise corrector that corrects noise contained in the pixel signals from the effective pixel area based on a noise component detected by the noise component detector, wherein the control signal generator generates different control signals at predetermined timing.


The possibility of a manned mission to Mars is gaining traction. But how do you create the oxygen necessary for the astronauts to remain on the planet and, more importantly, how do you develop the rocket fuel necessary to bring them back? MOXIE is the answer.


Early in Tom Stoppard's novel, Lord Malquist and Mr. Moon, a character comments, "I look around me and I recoil from such disorder. We live amidst absurdity, so close to it that it escapes our notice.... Since we cannot hope for order let us withdraw with style from the chaos."1 Stoppard likes chaos simply because the mind hates it, will not stand for it, can only hope in the best of worlds to "withdraw with style" from it. Travesties is Stoppard's theater of chaos: snatches of songs, dialogue in limericks, patches of Shakespeare and Joyce, laborious reenactments of Lenin's speeches, crackbrained soliloquies from a senile old man, Zurich during World War I, all shoehorned into a simulacrum of The Importance of Being Earnest. Our problem is that we are attracted to this chaos; we cannot withdraw from it any more than we can withdraw from life's seeming randomness. We cope by trying to whip chaos into shape, make it "understandable." One critic exemplifies this urge by stating, with apparent security, that the theme of Travesties is "uncertainty and confusion ...",2 but that is like saying the theme of Macbeth is "murder." "Uncertainty and confusion" is not the theme but rather the raw material from which the story draws its energy.


The field of neuroscience has many different areas dealing with a wide range of topics, such as nerve cells, neural systems, movement, complex behavior like language, and the mystery that most neur...


Summary.  Background: Activation of vascular endothelial cells plays an important role in atherogenesis and plaque instability. Recent research has demonstrated that late‐stage inhibition of plaque angiogenesis by angiostatin (kringle 1–4) reduces macrophage accumulation and slows the progression of advanced atherosclerosis. Kringle 1–5 (K1–5) is a variant of angiostatin that contains the first five kringle domains of plasminogen. Objective: To investigate whether K1–5 has an inhibitory effect on early‐stage atherosclerosis, using the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‐deficient mouse model and a carotid artery ligation model. Methods: ApoE‐deficient mice received K1–5 treatment for 4 weeks, and the severity of aortic atherosclerosis was measured. In the ligation model, the left common carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were ligated near the carotid bifurcation, and the mice received K1–5 for 4 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with K1–5 before tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) treatment to explore the anti‐inflammatory effect of K1–5. Results: The areas of the lesion in the aortas of ApoE‐deficient mice that received K1–5 treatment were notably decreased, and the formation of carotid neointima in the C57BL/6 mice was decreased by treatment with K1–5. Expression of TNF‐α‐induced intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 was inhibited by K1–5 treatment, possibly via downregulation of translocation of nuclear factor‐κB and expression of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions: K1–5 reduced atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice, possibly through inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression in endothelial cells.


Aqueous phase processing (APP) of bio-oil represents a candidate technique for the production of renewable hydrogen (H2) in a fast pyrolysis-based biorefinery. Low temperature hydrogenation of the water-soluble portion of bio-oil is a useful intermediate step of APP. In this work, the reaction kinetics of mild aqueous-phase hydrogenation of vanillin (VL), a model compound of the bio-oil aqueous fraction, was studied using Ru/C catalyst. The investigated aromatic aldehyde was converted to vanillyl alcohol (VA) and creosol (CR). Catalytic runs were performed in a slurry reactor in the 318–338 K range using different catalyst loadings (0.2–0.8 kg/m3), initial VL concentrations (32.9 to 65.7 mM) and H2 partial pressures (0.69–2.07 MPa). The initial rates varied linearly with respect to both initial VL concentration and H2 partial pressure. Four Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) type kinetic models were proposed assuming that surface reaction was rate-determining. These models were simplified to a seco...


We consider a semi-linear differential equation of parabolic type with deviating arguments in a Banach space with uniformly convex dual, and apply Rothe's method to establish the existence and uniqueness of a strong solution. We also include an example as an application of the main result.
For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/120/abstr.html


Importance of the field: Systemic toxicity, usually from overdose or intravascular dose, is feared because it mainly affects the heart and brain, and may be acutely life-threatening. Areas covered in this review: Pharmacological studies of local anesthetic toxicity have largely been reviewed primarily relating to the evaluation of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine during the past decade. This review/opinion focuses more on the principles and concepts underlying the main models used, from chemical pharmacological and pharmacokinetic perspectives. What the reader will gain: Research models required to produce pivotal toxicity data are discussed. The potencies for neural blockade and systemic toxicity are associated across virtually all models, with some deviations through molecular stereochemistry. These models show that all local anesthetics can produce direct cardiovascular system toxicity and CNS excitotoxicity that may further affect the cardiovascular system response. Whereas the longer-acting local anesthetics are more likely to cause cardiac death by malignant arrhythmias, the shorter-acting agents are more likely to cause cardiac contraction failure. In most models, equi-anesthetic doses of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are less likely to produce serious toxicity than bupivacaine. Take home message: Of the various models, this reviewer favors a whole-body large animal preparation because of the comprehensive data collection possible. The conscious sheep preparation has contributed more than any other, and may be regarded as the de facto 'standard' experimental model for concurrent study of local anesthetic toxicity ± pharmacokinetics, using experimental designs that can reproduce the toxicity seen in clinical accidents.


Research background: Under the current conditions of increasing competitiveness and interdependence, national economies are more influenced by the global business environment and its development. Constantly changing economic, social, political aspects, and many other factors, cause the differences in the global competitiveness of economies, so the economies are forced to analyze their competitive level more complexly. Despite that, there is a lack of research studies analyzing the international competitiveness of EU-28 economies from the point of view various multi-criteria indices.
Purpose of the article: The paper investigates the relations between the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and other selected multi-criteria indices, namely the Global Innovation Index (GII), the Doing Business Index (DBI), the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) and the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in the case of EU–28 economies.
Methods: In order to investigate the relations between the global competitiveness and selected multi-criteria indices affecting the EU–28 economies, the multiple linear regression analyses were applied. The multiple regression model was quantified for every single year, as well as, the regression model using the average score of all analyzed indices. The secondary data concerning the scores of individual indices were collected based on annually published online reports over the period of 2014–2018.
Findings & Value added: The research confirmed that there is a statistically significant dependence between the global competitiveness, corruption and the level of innovation potential within the EU–28 economies. Besides, we identified the worst results in the context of competitiveness evaluation especially in the area of corruption and innovation activities. In this regard, the issue of insufficient innovation development and inappropriate corruption perception is considered to be key determinants influencing the assessment of the global competitiveness of the EU–28 member states. In our opinion, to improve the competitiveness of these countries, targeted activities should be implemented in the frame of national competitive strategies, programs, and policies.


Scanning electron microscopy has been used in a preliminary study to evaluate the value of steroid replacement therapies in restoring uterine epithelium in postmenopausal patients. All therapies resulted in increased epithelium over controls, but one regime was markedly better than others.


Various xenon/fluorine mixtures were photolyzed in solid argon matrices and examined in the infrared spectral region with either a Fourier transform spectrometer or with a grating spectrometer. After photolysis, a strong peak was observed at 215 cm−1 in addition to the known XeF2(ν3) peak at 549 cm−1. The appearance of the same two bands in Ar matrices containing the vapors over XeF2 indicated the assignment of the 215 cm−1 band to XeF2(ν2). The fundamental of XeF was not observed either because it is masked by the XeF2(ν2) peak or because it has a small infrared absorption coefficient.


Crocidolite is a well known causative agent for mesothelioma. Studies have shown that the pathogenicity of the fiber from different mines varies considerably and it has been postulated the parameter that appears most likely to account for this variation is fiber width. Epidemiological studies have shown that 'thin' fibers from mining areas of Western Australia and the Cape Province, in South Africa are associated with a high mesothelioma risk while exposure to 'thick' asbestiform amphibole fiber of the same fiber type are associated with little or no mesothelioma risk. This study is concerned with 'thick' Bolivian crocidolite but similar findings also probably explain the paucity of mesotheliomas in the Finnish anthophyllite, South African amosite and African Transvaal crocidolite mines. The findings from the present study suggest the incidence of mesothelioma in the three major cities of Bolivia is not significantly elevated above background even though Bolivian crocidolite has been used for the past 60 years commercially and residentially in all three cities. Although some cases of mesothelioma may have been missed due to a failure to reach hospital or a shortened natural lifespan, mesothelioma generally occurs after the age of 50, we cannot tell precisely the extent to which these were confounding. We suggest the most likely explanation for the lack of mesotheliomas despite the large populations at risk from the long and extensive residential and commercial use of crocidolite containing products, is related to an increased fiber width distribution and a concomitant reduction in the 'Stanton fiber size' fraction.


Synchronization of a class fractional order chaotic systems with multiple time delays is investigated in this paper.According to the stability theory of fractional order systems with delays,by using a nonlinear controller,combined with Laplace transform,two different fractional order chaotic systems with multiple time delays are controled to realize complete synchronization or hybrid projective synchronization.The corresponding numerical results show effectiveness of the scheme.


This article presents the assessment of the socio-emotional skills of preschool students in areas of attention for their intervention in the educational field through cooperative learning, as part of the professional training of the Master in Learning Management of the Veracruzana University, region Poza Rica-Tuxpan. The participants are made up of 18 preschool students between 4 and 5 years old from a kindergarten in the city of Poza Ria, Veracruz, Mexico. The analysis carried out with the use of tools such as interviews with teachers, surveys with parents and a questionnaire that explores socio-emotional skills from the observable behaviors of students, with 43 items categorized in four dimensions: ability to relate, communication, expression of emotions and self-affirmation; revealed that students who present conflict in these areas negatively affect the group and school well-being, coupled with the imminent crisis due to the Covid19 pandemic, which implies a challenge to promote socio-emotional development through digital tools, which in turn It instead infers a strong social and academic critique of traditional teaching-learning practices.


The mopohology of slip bands for materials with two different slip modes: pure Cu and Cu-Zn alloy after prestraining and cyclic softening has been observed. Both of their double cross slip bands are rather different, and ones in Cu-Zn alloy is corresponding to the dynamic strain aging. Two kinds of slip bands contrast are shown in the cyclic softened Cu-Zn alloy, but mainly the stationary slip bands appeare in pure Cu. These may indicate that the way to accommodate the cyclic strain is different. According to the feature of slip bands,the mechanical behaviour of softening for the two materials has been explained.


Elements of profundity, however, are perceptible also. Pfisterer's most important point is to argue a la Thomas Kuhn that practitioners of modern historiography hold assumptions so entirely opposed to seeing Scripture as the key to history (history is the key to Scripture in modern thought) that they mistakenly have regarded Scripturally-based approaches as not being views of history at all. Pfisterer's proposal is that Scripture should be used as a paradigm or frame of reference for reinterpreting Western intellectual history, just as Arthur Lovejoy employed the ancient concept of a chain of being for a similar purpose. Pfisterer applies this Biblically-oriented principle not only to Edwards, but also to other seventeenth and eighteenth century figures, notably Francis Bacon, Lord Shaftesbury, William Hubbard, Edward Johnson, Thomas Shepard, and Samuel Willard. Pfisterer's evaluative conclusion is that a great impoverishment resulted when (as in the case of Shaftesbury) history was seen no longer as a communication from God, but simply as being the bare events of a self-actuating "nature." In line with this point of view, Pfisterer's analysis of Edwards finally focuses on the central aspects of Edwards' theological and philosophical understanding—that all creation (and hence all history) is the communication of God to show forth his glory. The study accordingly dwells more on Edwards' treatise on The Chief End for Which God Created the World than on The History of the Work of Redemption, although Pfisterer does show the latter to be related intimately to Edward's efforts to analyze the historical significance of the Great Awakening. In terms of Edwards studies there is little that is new in this work except that it emphasizes the enormously important point that all Edwards' thought was refracted through the prism of Scripture. Pfisterer's general interpretive scheme could provide, however, a new frame of reference for much of Western intellectual history and might also be a starting point for a clearer understanding of the differences between Christian and secular views of history. To do so, it will have to be presented in a much more concise and attractive form.


The invention discloses a production method of a billiard with multiple white parts. The production method comprises the following steps of: step 1, pouring color resin in a first mold, forming a color part of the billiard, and enabling a spherical surface of the color part of the billiard to be provided with a cylindrical through hole with an axis passing through the center of the billiard; step 2, curing the color part of the billiard, and releasing the mold; step 3, placing the color part of the billiard into a second mold, simultaneously pouring white resin in the cylindrical through hole of the color part of the billiard and two ends of the color part of the billiard to form a base body of the billiard; and step 4, curing the base body of the billiard, and releasing the mold to obtain the billiard. By adopting the production method of the billiard with multiple white parts, the consistency of the color and physical properties of multiple white parts on the billiard can be guaranteed.


In 1999~2001, the experiment of screening the best drug for kill tick, and comparing of the efficacy on prevent and treating sheep's Theileriasis with antiprotozoal drugs were taken in sheep's hemaprotozoosis epidemic zone in Yongjing county. The result show that Miepiling kill tick best, mean effective period is 55 d, the incidence of this disease has dropped to 3.07%. The Averbau is a good supplementary drug. The cure rate of Bevenil liposome and Bevenil against sheep's Theileriasis was 95% and 87.85% respectively. So, these drugs may be first chosen for treatment.


................................................................................62 Introduction ............................................................................63 Materials and Methods ...............................................................65 Results and Discussion ................................................................72 Acknowledgments .....................................................................88 References ...............................................................................89 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Work .................................................96 Conclusions ..............................................................................96 Future work ..............................................................................97 Appendix 1: Cysteine Induces Hg(II) Uptake but Reduces its Tox icity to Escherichia coli MG1655 ..................................................................101 Abstract ...............................................................................101 Main text ..............................................................................101 Future work ...........................................................................110 References ............................................................................111 Appendix 2: Supplementary Information for Chapter 2 .............................114