Abstract. Constraining the mechanisms that control organic matter (OM) reactivity and, thus, degradation, preservation and burial in marine sediments across spatial and temporal scales is key to understanding carbon cycling in the past, present, and future. However, we still lack a quantitative understanding of what controls OM reactivity in marine sediments and, as a result, how to constrain it in global models. To fill this gap, we quantify apparent OM reactivity (i.e., model-derived estimates) by extracting reactive continuum model parameters (a and v) from observed benthic organic carbon and sulfate dynamics across 14 contrasting depositional settings distributed over five distinct benthic provinces. Our analysis shows that the large-scale range in apparent OM reactivity is largely driven by the wide variability in parameter a (10−3


This paper considers a competing risk model for a one-shot device testing analysis under an accelerated life test setting. Due to the consideration of competing risks, the joint posterior distribution becomes quite complicated. The Metropolis-Hastings sampling method is used for the estimation of the posterior means of the variables of interest. A simulation study is carried out to assess the Bayesian approach with different priors, and also to compare it with the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, an example from a tumorigenicity experiment is presented.


The phonon dispersion of both pure Lu and \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{LuD}}_{0.19}$ is determined along the symmetry directions \ensuremath{\Gamma}-A and \ensuremath{\Gamma}-K-M. The phonon energies are partly found to increase due to hydrogen absorption. At low temperatures no influence of deuterium ordering on the phonon frequencies can be detected. Furthermore, the hydrogen local-mode properties are investigated in \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{LuD}}_{0.19}$. In accordance with recent results on \ensuremath{\alpha}-YH(D${)}_{0.18}$, the potential at the hydrogen site is found to be very anisotropic.


Objectives: Wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) is a local anesthetic technique that, in theory, reduces costs and surgical waiting periods. The purpose of this study was to compare axillary block (AXB) with WALANT in terms of pain scores, duration of hospital stay, and hand function in patients who underwent CTR surgery.
Methods: Between January 2015 and February 2020, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the outcomes of 410 patients who underwent CTS surgery. The Walant technique was utilized on 210 patients, while the AXB technique was utilized on 200 patients. These two groups were compared regarding operative time, hospital stay, VAS score at specific intervals before and after surgery, and hand function recovery.
Results: The mean operation time is 11 min (8-18) for WALANT group and 13 min (7-43) for AXB group. Average time of length of hospitalization is 4.2 hours (2-6) for WALANT and 14.2 hours (9-26) for AXB groups. The VAS scores of WALANT group is significiantly less than AXB group (p<0.05). The percentages of being able to use their hands compared to their nonoperative hands were evaluated. These rates were higher in the WALANT group than in the AXB group (65-75% vs. 45-60%).
Conclusion: Increased patient comfort was associated with the WALANT technique. It is superior to AXB in terms of patient satisfaction, postoperative long-term pain management, and hand function recovery. Assuming all safety recommendations are adhered to, WALANT is an alternative to tourniquets in CTS surgeries for obtaining a bloodless surgical field without the discomfort of tourniquet application.


Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers' comments concerning our manuscript entitled "Ectopic para-cardia bronchogenic cyst diagnosed as GIST before surgery—a case report" (Manuscript Number: BSUR-D-19-00727R1). All of the comments and suggestions were valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our report. We have studied every comment carefully to respond to the reviewers. We hope that this revised version meets the publication standards of your journal. The main corrections to the paper and the point-to-point responses to the reviewers' comments are presented below.


We used psychological methods to investigate how two prominent interventions, participatory decision making and enforcement, influence voluntary cooperation in a common-pool resource dilemma. Groups (N=40) harvested resources from a shared resource pool. Individuals in the Voted-Enforce condition voted on conservation rules and could use economic sanctions to enforce them. In other conditions, individuals could not vote (Imposed-Enforce condition), lacked enforcement (Voted condition), or both (Imposed condition). Cooperation was strongest in the Voted-Enforce condition (Phase 2). Moreover, these groups continued to cooperate voluntarily after enforcement was removed later in the experiment. Cooperation was weakest in the Imposed-Enforce condition and degraded after enforcement ceased. Thus, enforcement improved voluntary cooperation only when individuals voted. Perceptions of procedural justice, self-determination, and security were highest in the Voted-Enforced condition. These factors (legitimacy, security) increased voluntary cooperation by promoting rule acceptance and internalized motivation. Voted-Enforce participants also felt closer to one another (i.e., self-other merging), further contributing to their cooperation. Neither voting nor enforcement produced these sustained psychological conditions alone. Voting lacked security without enforcement (Voted condition), so the individuals who disliked the rule (i.e., the losing voters) pillaged the resource. Enforcement lacked legitimacy without voting (Imposed-Enforce condition), so it crowded out internal reasons for cooperation. Governance interventions should carefully promote security without stifling fundamental needs (e.g., procedural justice) or undermining internal motives for cooperation.


The results of researches of influence of reflecting characteristics in the waveguide ferrite polarizer of 3-cm range of electromagnetic oscillations on polarization of waves are presented in the report. The polarizer is the section of the circular waveguide with the rectangular ferrite plate in the external magnetic field of the solenoid. The reflectivity coefficient and polarization characteristics were investigated at the change of magnetic field strength and an angle of the first installation of ferrite.


The purpose of this paper was to analyze the political role of the Deliberative Council of the Worker Support Fund (Codefat) in the process of coordination and participatory deliberation within the Public System of Employment, Work and Income (SPETR). As inputs, the minutes of all meetings of the council from its creation in 1990 until the end of 2016 were analyzed, identifying the matters subject to deliberation. It was found that on several occasions the Codefat had to face external interferences, generating instability in its deliberative potential, in function of the efforts of different coalitions of interest to have greater control over the financial resources that circulate around the Worker Support Fund (FAT). These interests, on the other hand, do not come only from representations related to capital and labor, since government representation also acts actively to assert its own interests, which focus mainly on the discussions about the budget dynamics of the FAT, in order to bring control over current revenues and expenses. In this sense, it is possible to affirm the existence of an overlapping of bureaucratic spaces of command with different structures of power, which in practice constitutes a "hierarchy of decision-making power".


The Schiff bases 1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiourea and 2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene amino) acetic acid were prepared from salicylaldehyde, thiourea and glycine by condensation method using standard procedure. CNS activity of these schiff bases were studied using albino rats of both the sexes. Animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of four animals. Group 1 served as standard caffeine, group 2 received standard chlorpromazine drug. Group 3 received 250 mg/kg of 1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiourea and group 4 received as 2-(2hydroxybenzylidene amino) acetic acid. CNS depressant activity of these compounds were measured by placing the rat individually in the actophotometer for 10 min. Among 1,3-bis (2-hydroxy benzylidene) thiourea(41.17%) and 2-(2hydroxyl benzylidene amino)acetic acid Schiff bases, 2-(2-hydroxyl benzylidene amino)acetic acid(69.71%) possessed highest depressant activity than that of chlorpromazine(60.54%) with a probability <0.5.


This paper presents a unified mathematical description of surface irregularities. The modeling techniques of the state-of-the-art of road surface irregularity are firstly reviewed and the content covers basic concepts, spectral analysis techniques, and models of one-dimensional and two-dimensional random fields as well as associated assuptions of road surface irregularities. The hypothetical surface models used to simplify the description of surface irregularities are examined from both theoretical and experimental perspective. Real pavement profiles of both-side wheel paths are utilized to examine the validation of these hypothetical surface models. One of the conclusions of this paper is that the isotropic hypothesis is not reasonable to characterize two-dimensional pavement surface irregularity. The unified theoretical framework presented in this paper can be conveniently used to generate a two-dimensional random field of road surfaces. (A)


In the article the introduction of elements of problem-based learning during carrying out laboratory works at electrical engineering in the computerized laboratory. This approach increases the effectiveness of learning, promotes a deeper theoretical material study.


The biosynthesis of ether lipids and wax esters requires as precursors fatty alcohols, which are synthesized by Fatty Acyl Reductases (FARs). The presence of ether glycerolipids as well as branched wax esters has been reported in several free-living ciliate protozoa. In the genome of Tetrahymena thermophila, the only ORF sharing similarities with FARs is fused to an acyltransferase-like domain, whereas in most other organisms FARs are monofunctional proteins of similar size and domain structure. Here, we used heterologous expression in plant and yeast to functionally characterize the activities catalyzed by this protozoan protein. Transient expression in tobacco epidermis of a truncated form fused to the green fluorescence protein followed by confocal microscopy analysis suggested peroxisomal localization. In vivo approaches conducted in yeast indicated that the N-terminal FAR-like domain produced both 16:0 and 18:0-fatty alcohols, while the Cterminal acyltransferase-like domain was able to rescue the lethal phenotype of the yeast double mutant gat1Δ gat2Δ. Using in vitro approaches, we further demonstrated that this domain is a Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate AcylTransferase (DHAPAT) that uses preferentially 16:0-Coenzyme A as acyl donor. Finally, coexpression in yeast with the AlkylDihydroxyacetone-Phosphate Synthase (ADPS) 1 http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M114.579318 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on June 10, 2014 as Manuscript M114.579318 Copyright 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on M arch 3, 2020 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from Heterologous reconstitution of ether lipid synthesis in yeast from T. thermophila resulted in detecting various glycerolipids with an ether bond, indicating reconstitution of the ether lipid biosynthetic pathway. Altogether, these results demonstrate that this FAR-like protein is peroxisomal and bifunctional, providing both substrates required by ADPS to initiate ether


. We look at Toeplitz arrays on Z d and study a characterizing property for pure discrete spectrum in terms of the periodic structures of the Toeplitz arrays.


Abstract: The goal of this article is to conceptualize a decolonial understanding of an Indian genderqueerness, trying to contest the false temporal binaries of coloniality and postcoloniality. Tracing India's complex and rich queer and genderqueer history preceding British colonization, I dissect the impact of colonization on postcolonial transphobia and understandings of trans. Through a historical literature review and media content analysis of the controversial film The Pink Mirror (2003), I apply a decolonial lens to reimagine locally produced narratives of queerness and genderqueerness through local genderqueer communities, such as Hijras and Kothis.


A scheme of the multi-channel continuous scan Fourier spectrometer is proposed for simultaneous recording and analysis of the spectral characteristics of several objects. The scheme is realized using a multi-probe fiber in which several optical fibers are connected in one optical connector and fixed in the output of an interferometer. The Fourier spectrometer is used as a sygnal modulator. Еach fiber is individually mated with the studied sample and its own radiation detector. For the developed system, the spectrometer aperture is calculated from the condition of the minimum spectral resolution and parameters of the optical fibers. With the help of the proposed scheme, the emission spectra of a gas-discharge neon lamp have been recorded using a single fiber with a diameter of 1 mm and a numerical aperture NA = 0.22.


Using the inverse scattering method to solve the five-dimensional vacuum Einstein equations, we construct an asymptotically flat four-soliton solution as a stationary and bi-axisymmetric solution. We impose certain boundary conditions on this solution so that it includes a rotating black hole whose horizon-cross section is topologically a lens space of L(2,1). The solution has nine parameters but three only is physically independent due to the constraint equations. The remaining degrees of freedom correspond to the mass and two independent angular momenta of the black hole. We analyze a few simple cases in detail, in particular, the static case with two zero-angular momenta and the stationary case with a single non-zero angular momentum.


The concept of pier redundancy for bridges over navigable waters can offer a cost-efficient means of maximising safety to users of both the bridge itself and the waterways below, as an alternative to designing piers to withstand maximum vessel impacts. The Hindmarsh Island Bridge, across one of Australia's main navigable rivers demonstrates how this can be achieved through the use of a lightweight fabricated steel superstructure. Hindmarsh Island Bridge spans the Murray River at Goolwa, South Australia, close to the river mouth, and replaces a cable-operated ferry. River Traffic includes private vessels and river cruise vessels. The pier redundancy approach was adopted for this incrementally launched bridge, and the economics of the approach have proved to be compelling. The bridge shares its general design with the Berri Bridge, which was built further upriver some three years earlier with a high priority given to cost savings. Both bridges combine reinforced concrete substructure with the steel superstructure and a concrete deck.


Abstract. Significance: Collagen is the most abundant protein in vertebrates and is found in tissues that regularly experience tension, compression, and shear forces. However, the underlying mechanism of collagen fibril formation and remodeling is poorly understood. Aim: We explore how a collagen monomer is visualized using fluorescence microscopy and how its spatial orientation is determined. Defining the orientation of collagen monomers is not a trivial problem, as the monomer has a weak contrast and is relatively small. It is possible to attach fluorescence tags for contrast, but the size is still a problem for detecting orientation using fluorescence microscopy. Approach: We present two methods for detecting a monomer and classifying its orientation. A modified Gabor filter set and an automatic classifier trained by convolutional neural network based on a synthetic dataset were used. Results: By evaluating the performance of these two approaches with synthetic and experimental data, our results show that it is possible to determine the location and orientation with an error of ∼37  deg of a single monomer with fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions: These findings can contribute to our understanding of collagen monomers interaction with collagen fibrils surface during fibril formation and remodeling.


The invention provides a device pairing method and a communication device, and particularly provides systems, methods, and devices for pairing devices in a wired network. One method includes receiving configuration request signals at multiple devices. The method further includes exchanging public keys between two devices, generating a shared key using the public keys, determining a protected channel key using the shared key, and establishing a protected channel between the devices using the protected channel key. The method further includes transferring privacy credentials from one device to the other using the protected channel and using the privacy credentials to pair another device to the network.


This paper proposes a new cost effective method for the testing of thin film magnetic recording heads. The primary advantage of this technique is that through use of magneto-optics, test can be carried out at the wafer level and thereby eliminate defective heads before additional manufacturing costs are added to the product.


Marion Brown holds an MSW from Dalhousie University and a PhD in social work from Memorial University of Newfoundland. She has been a registered social worker in Nova Scotia since 1990 and began teaching at the School of Social Work in 2002. Marion has worked in a variety of settings including community based non-profit programs, clinical counselling practice, and assessment services, in roles from frontline to supervisory.


Distortion is an effect of inhomogeneous strain behavior. It can be initiated by plasticity due to thermal or transformation stresses (such as yielding, creep and transformation plasticity), phase transformations or strains during phase transformations. Inhomogeneities in microstructure and anisotropies constitute a distortion potential. Based on this knowledge several investigations were carried out on forged disks with a centered hole made of low alloy steel SAE 5120 (EN 20MnCr5) because both inhomogeneity and anisotropy have been observed in the microstructure of this material. Disks have been forged from continuous cast and hot rolled bar material. They show an inhomogeneous banded microstructure that is explicitly orientated in the direction of the two manufacturing processes. By forging, the initial microstructure of the bar material is influenced significantly: the segregation bands parallel to the rolling direction are deformed into a typical pattern. Besides this inhomogeneity in microstructure also the inhomogeneities of the bar material, such as center segregations from continuous casting, can still be observed in the deformed material. Gear blanks were machined from these disk blanks. It has been shown that the original position of the gear blank inside the disk blank influences the distortion [1]. The underlying reason remained unclear and investigations on this topic are discussed in this paper.


Agricultural and biological engineering has an identity crisis. Whenever I attend conferences (other than ASABE meetings) or meet with academic or industry people who are not agricultural and biological engineers, they ask, "Where are you from?" I answer, "The University of Arizona." They respond, "Which department are you in?" To which I reply, "The Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering."


The uptake by isolated rabbit renal tubules of four benzothiadiazines of widely varying saluretic activities was studied under a variety of conditions. In Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, at 25°C, steady state conditions were attained in each case in 12 to 15 min, with tissue-medium ratios (T/M) varying from 13 for the more polar agents to > 80 for cyclopenthiazide. Both an active component and a passive partition process appear to contribute to the respective uptake of each drug and to the maintenance of concentration gradients between tubule and medium at equilibrium. Decrements in total accumulation in the cold, under nitrogen, and in the presence of inhibitors suggest that active transport contributes equally to the net accumulation of all four drugs. Passive partition, as a function of the respective lipid solubility of each drug, appears to be a major determinant of subsequent distribution among subcellular fractions and, thus, of activity.


Authors perception about the new scientific investigate paradigm peculiarities was offered on basis of non-Markov's models and Chaos theory's positions, taking into consideration non-lined integrated character of innovatory activities. The diversification of innovatory risk had been proposed with partition risks up to the economic spheres and identification risks up to the insurance risks or non-insurance risks, within the framework of integrated innovatory activities subject.


Background Many strategies are used by trialists to improve recruitment, but few have been tested. We aimed to evaluate two interventions: 1) a study branded pen and 2) brief participant information leaflet, included within invitation packs for the Multiple Symptoms Study 3 (MSS3) trial. Methods A 2x2 factorial 'study within a trial' (SWAT) embedded into MSS3 – a randomised trial of a community-based clinic for patients with persistent, medically unexplained, physical symptoms. Potential MSS3 participants received postal invitations sent via GP practices, along with a MSS3 branded pen and/or brief participant information leaflet (PIL) or neither. The primary outcome was randomisation rate. Secondary outcomes were return rate, time to return, reasons for non-randomised returns and cost-effectiveness. Results 108 GP practices posted 6946 invitations, from which 318 participants (4.6%) were randomised to the host trial. Between those sent a brief PIL (n=3467) and not sent a brief PIL (n=3479) there was no significant difference in randomisation rates (166 (4.8%) vs 152 (4.4%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.88-1.38). Response rates were significantly higher in those sent the brief PIL (573 (16.5%) vs 513 (14.7%); OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). Between those sent the pen (n=3464) and not sent the pen (n=3482) there was no evidence of increased randomisation (145 (4.2%) vs 173 (5.0%); OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67-1.05) and the difference in response rates was not statistically significant (563 (16.3%) vs 523 (15.0%); OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.25). For both SWAT interventions, time to response was comparable between groups. Conclusion There was no significant evidence of effectiveness of the brief PIL intervention or the pen intervention on recruitment to the host study. There was evidence of increased response rates to the initial invitation in the brief PIL group, compared to those not receiving a brief PIL in their invitation pack.


The invention relates to a resin composition, and particularly relates to a thermal conducting resin composition having a laser direct structuring function, a preparation method of the resin composition and applications of the resin composition. The resin composition comprises 15-60 wt% of resin matrix, 30-70 wt% of a thermal conducting filling material, 1-10 wt% of metal oxide sosoloid, and 0-15 wt% of other additives. The resin composition has excellent high-temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity, and is capable of selectively depositing copper, nickel, gold, and other metal in a laser scanned area. The resin composition can be used for workpieces of surface mounting technology (SMT), and is mainly used for the field of electronic and electrical components.


Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in China and the US. The morbidity of Ct genital infection in China has increased from 32.48/100,000 in 2008 to 37.18/100,000 in 2015.[1] The major areas of Ct infections are concentrated in the Zhujiang Delta, Changjiang Delta, Minjiang Area, and West China. In these areas, the highest incidence of Ct infection reaches 615.99/100,000 citizens. In the US, there are 1,441,789 reported Ct, which include 627.2 females and 278.4 males per 100,000 population. It is now the most prevalent STD, with its rate increasing to 22% in males and 6% in females.[2] Ct genital infection can cause epididymitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, annexitis, infertility, and atopic pregnancy, which have been identified as the major public health problems. More than 50% of patients with positive Ct pathogen detected by PCR method, DFA method, or cell culture are asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms, called hidden infections. Patients who do not receive treatment for Ct infection have a chronic infection called "persistent infection," Consensus by Chinese Expert Panel on Chlamydia trachomatis‐Resistant and Chlamydia trachomatis‐Persistent Infection


Broadly construed, dynamic semantics views interpretation as a process that is both context-dependent and context-aaecting. Context-dependence is illustrated most dramatically by indexicals; context-aaectingness by the interpretation of indeenites. But the framework is quite general: schematically, we can represent the interpretation of an expression as C j j ] C 0 wherèC' represents the input context and`C 0 ' the output context. This schematic representation raises obvious questions: 1. what are the relevant aspects of context? That is, how should C and C 0 be structured? 2. in what ways can the interpretation of depend on C? 3. what transitions between C and C 0 are possible? 4. how do these transitions depend on ? 5. given a particular occurrence of , how is the context C on which it depends determined? Answering these questions in diierent ways lls in a broad landscape of diierent approaches to binding and anaphora: for example, we may take the contexts C and C 0 to be Discourse Representation Structures 8], variable assignment functions 6], or a pair of sets representing the global c-commmanders and local c-commanders that the GB Binding Theory 3] depends on. In this paper, we sketch how a dynamic account of En-glish binding and anaphora can be formulated, illustrating how structured contexts can be constructed and accessed as a by-product of grammatical composition in a system of labeled deduction 12]. Our focus is on the applicability of nite-state methods to the dynamics of interpretation in this system, motivated by several considerations. By the general schema above, interpretation eeects a transition between two contexts | a property with clear aanities to the transitions of automata. An obvious question, then, is what the properties of these transitions are viewed from the perspective of au-tomata. At the same time, investigating such questions leads to accounts of natural language binding phenomena which are constructive in nature, and thus of independent interest. 1 Background Consider a sentential form such as the following: 2 npi told npj that npk called npl This sentential form ooers a small laboratory in which we may investigate how to characterize referential relations in English. As a rst step, we indicate the way the GB Binding categories bear on the interpretation of the referential positions in this sentential form. We depart from the standard GB Binding Theory in allowing anaphors in the subject position of the embedded clause | indicated in the …


Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, which can detect the range and small displacement of a target, has been used for contactless vital information extraction. For accurate vital sign (respiration and heartbeat) measurement, a precise selection of the target range bin, where vital information exists, is important. In this paper, an effective method for selecting the range bin with accurate vital information is proposed. The proposed method is based on the newly introduced magnitude-phase coherency (MPC) index. The experimental results show that the vital information extracted by the proposed method is more accurate than those by conventional methods, indicating that the proposed range bin selection based on MPC is an effective method for extracting accurate respiration and heartbeat rates.


High field ESR of Kagome antiferromagnets SrCr x Ga 12- x O 19 have been observed in the submillimeter wave region from 1.8 K to 265 K. The concentration dependence was observed from x =0.6 to x =8.78, and all samples showed the decrease of the resonance field and broadening of linewidth as the temperature was decreased. As the linewidth is very broad at low temperature, for instance about 7 T at 4.2 K, the measurement using high frequency was essential. The results are discussed in connection with the peculiar magnetic behaviors of the system observed by other measurements.


PURPOSE: A surface treatment method in a chemical-mechanical polishing(CMP) process of a sapphire wafer is provided to effectively prevent crystals from being damaged by surface residual stress, by re-crystallizing or etching away surface cracks through an etch process performed regarding the surface of the sapphire wafer after a CMP process is performed. CONSTITUTION: A CMP process is performed regarding the sapphire substrate. A dislocation formation layer and a dislocation progress layer which are a portion of which the surface is damaged by mechanical polishing, are annealed and recombined. A surface crystallite layer is dry-etched while annealed in an atmosphere of hydrogen and ammonia. Otherwise, a wet etch process is performed in a sulfuric acid solution and a phosphoric acid solution to eliminate a surface crystallite state so that good-quality crystallinity is guaranteed.


Abstract
A greater stress on individual responsibility is essential for a more effective protection of human dignity and, ultimately, for securing the future of the idea of human rights. However, this responsibility is an ethical concept and must be distinguished from its moral and legal counterparts. With responsibility comes authority, meaning that individuals have an area of discretion, which must be respected by others and the State, but with regard to which there exists also certain expectations towards the bearer. This idea of an 'ethical space' is already familiar to (European) human rights law, where the principle of 'subsidiarity' and the related concept of the 'margin of appreciation' define the relationship between the European Court of Human Rights and the States party to the European Convention on Human Rights. This relationship resembles, mutatis mutandis, the relationship between the State and the individual. The resulting inter-personal ethical diversity, which inevitably entails a certain level of ethical conflict, is thus both a logical consequence of individual responsibility, as well as an essential feature of a democratic society, which is based on the principle of human dignity.


Up to four discrete protaspid larval stages are described for calymenid trilobites of Ordovician to Devonian age. The earliest growth stages are nonadult-like planktonic protaspides; later protaspides are adult-like and benthonic. In contrast, the related homalonotid trilobites apparently lack planktonic protaspides, but have up to two large benthonic protaspid stages that are similar in form to calymenid benthonic protaspides. These differences in life history patterns between these families are reflected in their paleobiogeographic distributions. Calymenids werre widely dispersed from Ordovician to Devonian times, both being common in warm, low latitude provinces (particularly from the Late Ordovician onwards) and well represented in cooler, higher latitude regions. The paleogeographic distribution of the homalonotids during the Ordovician (Arenig to the Ashgill) was concentrated in high paleolatitudes, with only a few forms occurring at low paleolatitudes (often in deeper, cooler environments?). Both families survived the Ordovician–Silurian mass extinction, with the calymenids again being widely dispersed but the homalonotids being best represented in the cool-water Malvinokaffric Province and in other regions where they are largely restricted to clastic facies. So few complete growth series of calymenine trilobites are known that it is unlikely that the ontogenies of taxa that form parts of ancestor–descendant clades can be identified. However, some evidence for heterochronic, particularly paedomorphic (neotenic), evolution is suggested for larval stages of members of both the Calymenidae and the Homalonotidae. Such possible neotenic evolution leading to very large planktonic larval stages of calymenid trilobites during the Devonian could have enhanced dispersal during a period of widespread warm and equable climates. Comparisons of homalonotid protaspides with equivalent stages of calymenids support the close relationship of these families within the Calymenina. A data matrix based upon characters of protaspides of two calymenine trilobites (Flexicalymene Shirley, 1936, and Brongniartella Reed, 1918) and eight other trilobites, belonging to the Phacopina (Calyptaulax), Cheirurina (Physemataspis and Hyrokybe), Proetida (Scharyia), Lichida (Acanthopyge), Odontopleurida (Diacanthaspis), Corynexochida (Bathyuriscus), and Ptychopariida (Crassifimbra) was subjected to cladistic analysis using the parsimony program "Hennig 86." The shortest length cladogram produced is consistent with the inclusion of the Homalonotidae in the Calymenina, and inclusion of the Calymenina in the order Phacopida. "Cheirurina" is the paraphyletic "stem group" of Phacopina. The hypothesis that Lonchocephalidae is most closely related to part of post-Cambrian Phacopida is poorly supported by protaspid characters.


In order to be prepared for the workplace and lifelong self-development, today's students need to be able to access, evaluate, use, manage, and communicate information in many formats effectively and responsibility; they need to be information literate. While technology has become more prevalent, its effective use, particularly in academic and workplace settings, is vastly uneven. Formal instruction by knowledgeable instructors is required. However, those instructors themselves need to be ICT literate in order to select appropriate resources to expand physical and intellectual access to information. This paper discusses ICT literacy as it applies to engineering education, and suggests ways to incorporate ICT literacy into the curriculum, focusing on resources provided in MERLOT.


The work is devoted to the theoretical determination of kinematic parameters of a nightshade fruit separator both in direct and reusable way. The article has a research character, which is expressed in the fact that theoretically the analysis of kinematic parameters of a fruit separator, as well as works of leading scientists on the problem, their shortcomings and ways of solving these problems are indicated. There was determined the main trend of theoretical research. There were also justified the type of the proposed design, its theoretical description and the flow of the technological process. As a result of the work done, the design of the device for reusable harvesting of tomatoes and nightshade vegetables with the proposed working bodies is presented. The conclusions present the main results achieved so far.


The Theory of Planned Behavior TPB provides a conceptual model for use in assessing behavioral intentions of humans. Agent based social simulations seek to represent the behavior of individuals in societies in order to understand the impact of a variety of interventions on the population in a given area. Previous work has described the implementation of the TPB in agent based social simulation using Bayesian networks. This paper describes the implementation of the TPB using novel learning techniques related to reinforcement learning. This paper provides case study results from an agent based simulation for behavior related to commodity consumption. Initial results demonstrate behavior more closely related to observable human behavior. This work contributes to the body of knowledge on adaptive learning behavior in agent based simulations.


Embodiments of the present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method comprising: forming a radiation removable material layer (RRM) over the substrate and a first portion of the first region of the RRM layer RRM layer is exposed first portion of the radiation beam to remove the substrate. After removal of a first portion of a first RRM layer region, the second portion of the second reserved area RRM layer in the substrate. The method further includes forming selectively forming layer (SFL) RRM layer over the second portion in a second region of the substrate and a material layer formed over the first region of the substrate.


Enzymatic mode of biodiesel production has recently gained a special attention among researchers because it eliminates the disadvantages of alkaline process such as end product recovery, waste water treatment, energy intensive and etc. Recently, considerable attention has paid in the direct use of intracellular lipase as a whole-cell biocatalyst (i.e immobilization of the enzyme secreting microbial cells) for biodiesel production where immobilization was carried out at the of microbial cell cultivation. The present investigation is focused on to establish appropriate conditions for immobilized whole cell biocatalyst for the production of biodiesel through transesterification. Fungi strains were isolated from wastes generated from oil industries and screened for the production of extracellular lipolytic enzymes and the most productive strain B2 was identified as Aspergillus sp. for further applications.


"Historians' knowledge of life-cycle poverty in England before the later nineteenth century is at a fairly rudimentary stage. Nevertheless, we are increasingly aware of the importance of the poor relief system to welfare, to migration patterns, certainly to countless individuals and perhaps also to family structures in general. This paper reports some of the early results of a three-year ESRC-funded project on pauper life histories in eighteenth and nineteenth century Westminster, begun in January 2004. The study uses the extensive poor law records of the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields (population c.42,000 in 1725) to construct life histories of as large a proportion as possible of the thousands of men, women and children who came into contact with the parish authorities between the 1720s and 1860s. In some cases such contact was a brief, once-in-a-lifetime phenomenon, but many individuals had lengthy and varied pauper 'careers' in and around St Martin's. We use relational database methods to draw together pieces of information about such individuals from a variety of sources: overseers' and churchwardens' accounts and minutes, workhouse registers and accounts and, crucially, settlement examination reports. These narratives provide a wealth of information about past and present employment experiences and family circumstances of the paupers who claimed support from St Martin's; they stand alongside the sources usually used for demographic reconstitutions and are complementary to them. When complete we expect to have the largest collection of life histories in existence for England before the twentieth century. This paper focuses on the parish workhouse and its inmates. Constructed in 1725, it quickly became the main locus of relief, with over 700 admissions in that year and over 1,000 per annum by the 1740s. As expected, the very young and very old were most likely to be admitted into the house, but whole families and young bastard-bearing women also darkened its doors on a fairly frequent basis. Using the results of preliminary record linkage and life history construction, the paper illustrates a variety of pauper career paths, examined by age and sex, that led both into and out of the workhouse; this is linked with the age of the inmates, which can in turn be compared with the age structure of the population. By these means it is possible to calculate the proportion of population of various ages at risk of entering the workhouse. In addition the paper shall explore the seasonality of workhouse entry and exit, comparing this with what is known about seasonal employment and mortality in Westminster. When examined by age and sex for the second quarter of the eighteenth century the peak months of entry saw double or more than double the number of entrants than the trough months. This is compared with later periods, when seasonal fluctuations appear to have become less marked. The seasonality of hardship (as measured by workhouse entry) was not necessarily the same as the seasonality of employment in Westminster; an attempt will be made to relate the two. In sum, the extraordinarily rich material that survives for the metropolitan parishes enables us to shed detailed light on the lives of the poor during the age of industrialisation."


The invention discloses a bridge swivel construction and base isolation integrated device and belongs to the field of bridge construction and seismic mitigation and isolation. The bridge swivel construction and base isolation integrated device mainly comprises friction pendulum seismic isolation supports, a groove slide and limit hoops, a central friction pendulum is arranged, an upper support plate of the central friction pendulum is connected with a pier or pylon, and a lower support plate is connected with a bearing platform. An upper support plate of each annularly arranged friction pendulum is precisely embedded into the groove slide, and a lower support plate is connected with the bearing platform. The slide is fixed at the bottom of the pier or pylon, in a swivel process, the annularly arranged friction pendulums are limited in respective initial positions by the limit hoops, the groove slide and the annularly arranged friction pendulums are in sliding connection, opposite tangential sliding is allowed while opposite radial sliding is limited, and accordingly, a bridge swivel construction function can be realized; after swivel is finished, the limit hoops are removed, the annularly arranged friction pendulums are anchored with the groove slide, and the bridge swivel construction function is realized. In a bridge using process, the friction pendulum supports serve as seismic isolation devices of the bridge and have the base isolation function for the bridge.


The article aims to analyze the experience of coaching  with managers in a  private school, evaluating the potential of the tool in this context. The investigation had the action-research as method, being considered as research subjects different managers of private school. The thoretical guideline came from the fields of Education - Luck (2000,2005, 2006, 2009 and 2011), Paro (2010), Libâneo, Oliveira and Toschi (2005), Santos and Sales (2012) and Rodrigues (2009) - and Coaching with Dutra (2010), Whitmore (2010), Perez (2009) and Goldsmith (2012). The coaching process was recognized as an experience that allowed school managers to review their professional practices and necessary changes. Participants rated it as a device which provided opportunities for reflection and a space for dialogue, strengthened the group and provided closeness and integration. As a result of the process, the managers identified the development of planning and organizational capacity enhancing their performance in the daily life of the school. As challenges can be mentioned the instability of the private school, the multiplicity of demands attributed to managers and a possible initial resistance in the school environment, as the practice of coaching prevails in business today.


Many of us admit we have problems with making big decisions and recent research suggests that human Judgement is poor. However, understanding the decision-making process could help us make better business decisions in the future.


Objective To evaluate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on cognitive function in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and investigate its mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight SD rats were equally randomized into control, sham-operated, TBI and EPO+TBI groups. TBI models were established in the later 2 groups by operation and hydraulic shock. Sham-operated group received the operation only. The EPO+TBI group was injected with EPO immediately after the success of model making; the other groups were injected with saline at the same time. On the 30th d of injury, Morris water maze was employed to evaluate the cognitive function of the rats and the expression of brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In the navigation experiment, the latent period (the rats on founding the platform) in the control and sham-operated groups was significantly shorter than that in the other 2 groups (P<0.05); that in the TBI group was statistically longer than that in the EPO+TBI group (P<0.05). In the space searching experiment, the swimming times of the rats in each quadrant were significantly different (P<0.05): the control and sham-operated groups were the longest and the TBI group was the shortest of all the 4 groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of BDNF in the EPO+TBI group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (P< 0.05). Conclusion TBI can damage cognitive function of the rats, while exogenous EPO may improve their memory abilities by up-regulating the expression of BDNF.

Key words:
Erythropoietin; Traumatic brain injury; Cognitive function; BDNF


A number of methods are available to determine azimuth by the sun. The basic equations are derived and each method examined. Devices for pointing on the sun are discussed in detail. All factors that are related to the computed azimuth such as declination, latitude, and longitude are considered along with the measurement of each. The altitude and hour angle methods are compared and the factors affecting the accuracy of each method discussed. The solar equations can be solved in a number of ways. The standard methods of performing the computations are reviewed and a digital computer program to solve the hour angle .equation is presented.


This research was financed by the Department of Geomatics of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow statutory research funds.


We propose a scheme for enhanced probing of an interaction between two single fermions based on weak-value amplification. The scheme is applied to measuring the anisotropic electron-hole exchange interaction strength in semiconductor quantum dots, where both spin and energy are mapped onto emitted photons. We study the effect of dephasing of the probe on the weak-value-enhanced measurement. We find that in the limit of slow noise, weak-value amplification provides a unique tool for enhanced-precision measurement of few-fermion systems.


The present generation PCBs are more complex in nature and are populated with more proprietary devices. In most cases, the schematics and internal functional details are unavailable for repair engineers and technicians. As a result, Functional Testing becomes impossible, and the possibility of using IEEE standard Boundary Scan Test depends on whether the devices on board are implemented with such facility. VI (Voltage - Current) Trace technique learns the response for the stimulus driven into a node on a known good board and compare the same with a suspect board. Since most failures in electronic or semiconductor devices happen on the periphery of the device i.e., the I/O pins, while the internal wafer is often quite intact, the VI trace technique will be very effective with fault coverage up to 70-85% if used with right choice of frequency, amplitude and source impedance of the stimulus signal. It is quite tedious to select them manually for every node for e.g., Resistors have little impact on frequency and amplitude change but source impedance of the driver matters and for best results of detecting error, the source resistance of the driver must match the node resistance. Similarly, for a Zener Diode, voltage matters to detect its forward and backward breakdown voltages and for Capacitors and Inductors, the choice of frequency matters and if a node has all three components, then we may need more than one trace to have highest failure detection capability. This paper evolves an effective algorithm called Best-Fit Curve to automatically select the most suitable parameters for each of the circuit nodes to achieve the maximum fault coverage.


In this paper, the process of preparing 10 wt.% Cu/g-Al2O3 catalysts was studied by different methods. The changes in structure and texture of the catalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The activities of catalyst were investigated completely oxidized VOC (toluene and n-butanol) on gas-phase reactions over the Cu/g-Al2O3 catalyst. The results were found that influence of the size of copper nanoparticles enhancing copper dispersion and selectivity of the catalyst prepared by non-thermal plasma (NTP) was superior to those obtained from the impregnation (WI) and deposition-precipitation (DP). The total oxidation of VOC to CO2 and H2O was achieved above 275oC. Compared to the WI and DP, the NTP method increased the oxidation efficiency by 15-30%.


In order to improve its performance on water, modifications on the design of amphibious vehicle were made. Towing research on the model of modified vehicle has been carried through in a model basin. The effects of geometrical parameters of the front and back anti-wave board and wing board on its performance were analyzed and compared. Variety curves of navigating drag, power, vertical incline and rise and sink of the vehicle were obtained. The experiment offered reliable data for modifications, in the design. The research proves that the use of front anti-wave board can decrease the drag, stabilize the stance and enhance the maneuverability of the vehicle on water.


The present invention relates generally to hypertension and (HTN), relates to a method of treating in a patient in need thereof, the patient is optionally are further suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) or type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . The present invention, hyperkalemia, relates to a method of treating in a patient in need thereof, the patient, CKD, is suffering from T2DM or HTN, and optionally, an effective amount of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system ( It is treated by RAAS) agent. The present invention, a kidney disease, a method of treating in a patient in need thereof, the patient is optionally an effective amount of the renin - angiotensin - are treated by aldosterone system (RAAS) agent. The method may include that an effective amount of a potassium-binding agent is administered to the patient, increase or stabilize that lowers blood pressure of a patient and / or patient kidney function. .BACKGROUND 9


A patient's request or demand for treatment does not obligate a physician to provide the treatment if the physician thinks it will cause more harm than good.


The widespread prevalence of data breaches amplifies the importance of auditing storage systems. In this work, we initiate the study of auditable storage emulations, which provide the capability for an auditor to report the previously executed reads in a register. We precisely define the notion of auditable register and its properties, and establish tight bounds and impossibility results for auditable storage emulations in the presence of faulty storage objects. Our formulation considers loggable read-write registers that securely store data using information dispersal and support fast reads. In such a scenario, given a maximum number~$f$ of faulty storage objects and a minimum number~$\tau$ of data blocks required to recover a stored value, we prove that (1) auditability is impossible if $\tau \leq 2f $; (2) implementing a weak form of auditability requires $\tau \geq 3f+1$; and (3) a stronger form of auditability is impossible. We also show that signing read requests overcomes the lower bound of weak auditability, while totally ordering operations or using non-fast reads enables strong auditability.


t first, unseen social-environmental problems have in most cases a long process of gestation and development. They are tied to "development," to the establishment of an industrial plant, then another and another, which are built supported by the narrative of progress, of the escape from poverty by the creation of jobs. The first manifestations of such problems are hardly "perceptible," someone gets sick, then another; someone dies, then another -- lives that are mourned in their homes, lives that are not mourned (to paraphrase Butler) in Davos. Practically nobody cares about the life of the river; it is considered a means by which to carry away the filth.


This article presents an overview of 12 existing objective speech quality and intelligibility prediction tools. Two classes of algorithms are presented?intrusive and nonintrusive?with the former requiring the use of a reference signal, while the latter does not. Investigated metrics include both those developed for normal hearing (NH) listeners, as well as those tailored particularly for hearing impaired (HI) listeners who are users of assistive listening devices [i.e., hearing aids (HAs) and cochlear implants (CIs)]. Representative examples of those optimized for HI listeners include the speech-to-reverberation modulation energy ratio (SRMR), tailored to HAs (SRMR-HA) and to CIs (SRMR-CI); the modulation spectrum area (ModA); the HA speech quality (HASQI) and perception indices (HASPI); and the perception-model-based quality prediction method for hearing impairments (PEMO-Q-HI). The objective metrics are tested on three subjectively rated speech data sets covering reverberation-alone, noise-alone, and reverberation-plus-noise degradation conditions, as well as degradations resultant from nonlinear frequency compression and different speech enhancement strategies. The advantages and limitations of each measure are highlighted and recommendations are given for suggested uses of the different tools under specific environmental and processing conditions.


Background: Breast cancer is a global health problem of the 21th century. In developing countries, it is the third most common cause of death after infectious, parasitic, and cardiovascular diseases. Experience of late stage cancer carries a high emotional burden, due to poor outcomes and lack of comprehensive care. Currently in Nigeria, most cancer patients are looked after almost solely by their primary clinical oncologists, with minimal psychological and social care. There is a great need to broaden the care to include the psychosocial component now, considered a priority in clinical practice guidelines worldwide. Aim: To assess distress levels and improve quality of life of metastatic breast cancer patients through a continued support group system and psychotherapy. Produce field-tested audio-visual community education, psychosocial support and advocacy materials aimed at improving early diagnosis and reducing breast cancer death. Methods: This is a mixed-methods design study including a prepost design and qualitative focus group discussions. The study will enroll all consecutive patients in advanced stages 3 and 4 of their illness who consent to be included in the study until the estimated sample size of about 100 for the given period of the study is attained. The knowledge and attitude questionnaires, quality of life instruments as well as the distress thermometer will be administered to the patients to ascertain both their levels at baseline presentation as well as identify those who may benefit from psychotherapy. The eligible (stage 3 and 4) patients will be exposed to group psychosocial supportive interventions for three months before reassessment of the baseline parameters to ascertain the value of these interventions for the patients. Breast cancer education tools will be developed during the group interactions and construct validated with nonbreast cancer patients in the community. Results from focus group discussions will be used to triangulate the findings from the other aspects of the study. Data will be analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. Results: Progress to date includes obtaining ethical committee approval for the study protocol with the registration number NHREC/05/01/2008a from the UI/UCH Joint Research Ethics Committee. The research nurses have been trained in distress assessment. Their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes in regard of cancer, distress states, effects of the various psychological and social interventions on the patients and advocacy tools from the group therapy will be the products of this research. Conclusion: The results of this work will be used to advance cancer care and promote advocacy in the UCH and other similar cancer care settings in Nigeria and other developing countries.


The biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone was tested in vitro and in vivo as an intraocular drug delivery device loaded with 5-carboxyfluorescein dye. Zero-order release of carboxyfluorescein was obtained in vitro. The device was tolerated well after implantation in the rabbit eye. Further studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of this form of drug delivery.


In control and signal processing, adaptation is a natural tool to cope with real-time changes in the dynamical behaviour of signals and systems. In this area, strongly connected with prediction and identification, there has been an increasing interest in switching and supervising methods. Moreover in recent years, special attention has been paid to the ideas evolving round the theory of statistical learning as a potential tool of improved adaptation.


Motor testing plays a very important role in the production of electrical machines. In recent years, the continuous development of computer technology has promoted the development of motor testing technology. According to the needs of asynchronous motor performance testing, the hardware and software designs of the testing system of asynchronous motor are completed on the LabVIEW software platform in this paper to provide some references for the related researchers.


The nature of variation of the phase difference is studied in the oppositely traveling beams of a ring laser in a time interval T in which the resonator frequency difference F(t), varying according to a linear law, is found within the static locking band (SLB) with a width 2..cap omega../sub 0/. Theoretical study of the problem, formulation, method of solution, and physical interpretation of the results obtained are given.


Certification by the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) provides a standard of excellence by which the public can select pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists.


Summary Estrogen in the form of estradiol benzoate and cortisone as the acetate are shown to have an effect on thermoregulation in the female rabbit. Estrogen causes a significant, consistent depression of basal body temperature and cortisone causes a transient hyperthermia. Conversely, neither of these hormones is capable of significantly influencing the thermoregulatory response of the rabbit to leukocytic pyrogen.


Fergus was born and brought up in Dublin. After attending O'Connell Schools he came to UCD (University College Dublin) in 1957 where he completed a B.Sc. degree followed by an M.Sc. degree in Mathematical Science. He spent the year 1961-62 as a lecturer in UCD before spending four years in California studying for a doctorate at Caltech (California Institute of Technology). He carried out this research under the supervision of Olga Taussky-Todd, the distinguished matrix theorist and number theorist. Olga used to refer to Fergus as her " ideal graduate student ". She paticularly liked him for his good humour, positive outlook, pleasant personality, diligence and honesty. After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1966 Fergus returned to Ireland and spent the rest of his career in the Department of Mathematics in UCD. He retired in September 2000 from his full-time post as Senior Lecturer in Mathematics but continued to lecture on a half-time basis until his untimely death in November 2001. Fergus made a number of significant contributions to the algebraic theory of matrices, both in his thesis and in subsequent papers. His refereed papers have been almost exclusively in the area of matrix theory. In 1936 McCoy [13] proved that if A 1 , A 2 , ......, A k are n × n complex matrices then there exists an invertible n × n matrix T such that the matrices T −1 A i T are upper triangular for all i = 1, 2, ...., k if and only if p(A 1 , z k. This theorem has served as motivation for much research work and important extensions have been obtained by Olga Taussky and her collaborators and students, including Fergus, as well as many other authors. Given a set of n × n matrices over a field , a classic problem is that of determining the structure of the algebra which they generate. McCoy's theorem essentially characterizes the case when A is commutative


Objectives In order to make scientific and effective risk management measures and achieve greater security at lower costs, we investigated regulation, characteristics, risk factors and further reasons of the medical risk present condition in military hospitals. Methods By cluster sampling and cross-section questionnaire methods, we made investigations on 40 contents including risk consciousness and other variables in 496 medical workers from 11 military hospitals,and create the database and risk research model.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Compared with three B-level hospitals, three A-level hospitals had better risk managements. Surgery, obstetrics and gynecology medical disputes had high risk of medical dispute. New employees, intern and those were not responsible had higher risk of medical dispute. Logistic regression analysis showed that 7 variables including management system, duty, literacy, risk education, accompanied check, equipment maintenance and workload were related with the medical risks. Conclusions To prevent the medical risks, military hospital should attach importance to educations about medical risks, medical laws,medical service and medical quality management, establish early-warning mechanisms, risk management organizations and scientific evaluation system for medical risks, and effectively promote the scientific, systematic, institutionalized risk management.


Abstract|MAKING THE COMPUTER AND IN- TERNET APPLICATIONS USING encyclopedia Macromedia Flash MX 6.0 Edy Jonathan Silaban Un- dergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Animation, Macromedia Flash 6.0 ABSTRACT : This application is created using Macromedia Flash 6.0 application program. Designing the look and placement information can be made ??as attractive as possible so curious users this application will be the information contained there. In the discussion of this issue to be discussed is the creation of start determining how the navigation structure, making the navigation map, create, design the interface, the formation of elements, merging elements, ActionScript programming, testing up to compile, so it can run. This program can only run on Windows platforms.


Results on the dominant decays of r leptons produced in e÷e - interactions at x/S -= 34 GeV are presented. We obtain the branching ratios BR(r ~ or) = 0.228 -+ 0.033, BR(r ~ ~rv) = 0.099 -+ 0.021, BR(r--* evv)= 0.183 + 0.031, BR(r ~ ~vv) = 0.176 -+ 0.033. From the laboratory momentum spectra of the observed decay products we determine the r polarization asymmetry to (1 -+ 22)% and thereby derive limits for the vector coupling constant o r of the z to the weak neutral current. Tests on universality and factorization are discussed.


The fluorescence spectra of the title compounds have been measured in the pH 9 to H0 -9 acidity range at 25 °C. Chromone and its 2-methyl derivative fluoresce intensely from their protonated form, whereas the uncharged molecules are nonfluorescent. Förster cycle calculations show chromone to be more basic in its first excited singlet state than in its ground state, but protonation proceeds incompletely during the lifetime of the excited molecule. 7-Hydroxy-2-methylchromone (7-HMC) fluoresces in water, depending upon the solvent acidity, from its anion and a zwitter-ion (or phototautomer or exciplex), but not from the neutral molecule. pKa, values are given for both the ground and excited state and drastic differences are found: The 7-HMC anion in its S1-state is first protonated at the carbonyl oxygen rather than at the phenolate oxygen. Attention is drawn to the extrem solvent and acidity sensitivity of the fluorescence maxima and intensities of 7-hydroxy-chromones with respect to possible analytical determinations of naturally occurring derivatives using luminescence spectroscopy


The invention discloses a personalized recommended method based on a picture under a social network and a system thereof. The method comprises: obtaining scoring information and label marking information to resource of users; based on the label marking information, calculating similarity between the users; based on the marking information and the similarity between the users, building a weighted social network undirected graph; determining the probability from a vertex to be recommended in the social network undirected graph to each reset vertex by a random walk method; sorting the vertex of a representative item in the vertexes according to the probability; and according to the sorting, generating the personalized recommended item list. The invention can accurately provide the personalized recommendation relevant to user preferences to different users by introducing the similarity.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate knowledge regarding the conduct and adequate management of anaphylaxis on the part of oral-maxillofacial surgeons. A quantitative evaluation was performed through a cognitive survey on the subject. The sample was composed of 104 specialists and who participated in the Brazilian Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Conference. A total of 31.7% of the interviewees were unaware of any protocol for anaphylaxis. Among those with information on the subject, the majority (78.8%) reported that adrenaline is the main drug for the treatment of anaphylaxis, but 50% of these individuals did not know the correct dosage and only 35.6% reported that intramuscular administration was the proper route. Only 12.5% reported having witnessed a case of anaphylaxis and all such cases were resolved with a favorable outcome. A considerable number of surgeons (34.6%) reported not having any drug for emergency care in their offices, but the majority (71.2%) reported being capable of administering such drugs. The present findings revealed a lack of knowledge on the part of many oral-maxillofacial surgeons regarding anaphylactic reactions and treatment.


To examine the tectonic history of the Taiwan segment of the eastern margin of South China, six rock samples from the Tailuko belt, the metamorphic basement of Taiwan, were selected for zircon SHRIMP dating. The aim was to identify evidence shedding light on the timing of the change from passive to active tectonics for this part of the continental margin since South China separated from the supercontinent of Rodinia. The results lead to two age groups, 190–200 and 88–90 Ma. These age groups, augmented by the previously published age data, suggest that they could have resulted from two Mesozoic accretion/subduction events. In addition, this mid‐late Mesozoic Tailuko belt might have also been reactivated and structurally complicated by the late Cenozoic collision/accretion of the Luzon arc with the Eurasian continent. Records of older tectonic events, such as those derived from the Japanese Islands, are absent in this metamorphic basement. An important finding of this study is the existence of the 191±10 Ma Talun metagranite, the oldest granitic intrusion ever reported in the Taiwan region and along the eastern coast area of South China. In spite of a large age uncertainty, the occurrence of this metagranite is not consistent with the apparent younging trend of Jurassic‐Cretaceous igneous activity toward the coastline in South China, and should be taken into consideration by future studies.


The fluorination of diphenyl sulphide with 1 mol. equiv. of xenon difluoride resulted in formation of diphenyl sulphoxide, while reaction with 2 mol. equiv. of xenon difluoride gave diphenyl sulphone after hydrolysis. Reaction with 3-bromothiochroman-4-one resulted in the formation of 3-bromothiochromen-4-one, while fluorination of 3,3-dibromothiochroman-4-one yielded 3,3-dibromo-2-fluorothiochroman-4-one. The formation of di- and tetrafluoropersulphuranes, which were not isolated, is suggested.


Service engineering for both, service-oriented architectures and evolving service market places in the Internet, is still a challenge due to dynamic environments, high uncertainties, and increasing coopetition of market participants. Against this context, this paper introduces the Integrated Service Engineering Framework, presents a conducted case study in the IT outsourcing domain, and discusses the framework's performance. Additionally, it reviews work related to business modeling. The case study shows that the ISE Framework is particularly strong in process and data modeling and their derivation from one perspective into the other.


The word "district" literally means an area or territory that is characterized by a particular feature or activity. The immunocompromised cutaneous district (ICD) is a conceptual entity, consolidating apparently different clinical conditions under an umbrella term.[1-4] It basically represents a vulnerable location for the onset of opportunistic infections, tumors, and dysimmune reactions either confined to that site or selectively sparing the site.[3] The events that are capable of rendering a skin region as a potential ICD are many and maybe in the form of herpetic infections, trauma of various kinds, ionizing or ultraviolet (UV) radiations, burns, chronic lymph stasis, tattooing, intradermal vaccinations, and other causes of disparate nature.[2,3]


BACKGROUND
The prognostic roles of social status and social environment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have been highlighted in some solid tumors but remain unclear in hematological malignancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of individual social status (with socioprofessional category, SPC) and social environment (with European deprivation index, EDI) on net survival in a high-resolution population with CLL.

METHODS
We included CLL patients from the Regional Register of Hematological Malignancies in Normandy belonging to the French Network of Cancer Registries (Francim). The SPC variable was divided into 5 categories: farmers, craftsmen, higher employment, intermediate employment, and workers/employees. Net survival was used to estimate the excess of mortality in CLL independent of other possible causes of death using French life tables. Net survival was estimated with a nonparametric method (Pohar-Perme) and with a flexible excess mortality hazard model. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation.

RESULTS
A total of 780 patients were included. The median follow-up was 7.9 years. The crude survival at 10 years was 50%, and the net survival at 10 years was 80%. In multivariate analysis, a higher age (EHR: 1.04 [1.01-1.07]), being a craftsman (EHRcraftsmen/higher.employment: 4.15 [0.86-20.15]), being a worker or an employee (EHRworkers.employees/higher.employment: 3.57 [1.19-10.7]), having a Binet staging of B or C (EHR: 3.43 [1.84-6.42]) and having a lymphocyte count > 15 G/L (EHR: 3.80 [2.17-6.65]) were statistically associated with a higher risk of excess mortality. EDI was not associated with excess mortality (EHR: 0.97 [0.90-1.04]).

CONCLUSION
Socioprofessional category was a prognostic factor for an excess of mortality in CLL. Craftsmen and workers/employees shared a worse prognosis than workers with higher employment. The social environment was not a prognostic factor. Further work should be performed to explore causal epidemiologic or biological factors and other hematological malignancies.


Introduction Resistivity imaging, natural potential (NP), ground conductivity and magnetic surveys were conducted across the Haby Crossing fault, which is located in eastern Medina County of San Antonio (Figure 1). The study area is within the Balcones Fault Zone and is limited between CPS Energy's new proposed transmission line of pole locations 80 and 82 (Figure 2). In general, it is known that most fault deformation in the Balcones Fault Zone increases permeability within and near faults in all stratigraphic horizons with the exception of clay or shale smear (Ferrill et al. 2008). This is borne out by the common occurrence of dissolution features associated with faults (Ferrill et al. 2003) and the importance of faults as recharge features (Clark, 2000). The goal of this study is to characterize the Haby Crossing fault in terms of its dissolution features, permeability, and mineralization content and as well as its faulting signature.


Context: Lebanon has almost 500 nurseries, marked as the country by a very important socio-economic and cultural disparity. Prevention in education and health for all children is a challenge that some national programs are currently addressing. The question of the quality of language input in daycares in this multilingual context is then logically raised. What is the role of Speech and Language Therapist? ü Young profession, no professional legal frame ü No job profiles for SLTs in daycare ü Lack of instruction about prevention in speech therapy curriculum The role of SLTs in community-based interventions before entering school, is raised. (Law et al., 2013)


The performance of a wind field diagnostic model (WIND-TERRAN) which deals with the topography in an explicit way is compared with the results of a conventional mass-consistent diagnostic model (KRISSY). The empirical scheme of WIND-TERRAN for treatment of topography is described. Models were run for six cases of rather strong wind flows over the Madrid basin. The adequacy of WIND-TERRAN for initializing more sophisticated diagnostic models are discussed.


The voltage equalization of ultracapacitors (UCs) in a UC bank using coupled inductors is superior due to their advantages of simple control, fast energy transfer capabilities, etc. However, as the number of UCs connected in series or parallel in a UC bank increases, the number of windings on a single core required for balancing also increases. This causes severe mismatches between the inductance of the multiple winding in a single core, making the implementation more complex. Therefore, in this article, a novel modularization method is proposed for a matrix-connected UC bank. The proposed method achieves cell balancing, module balancing, and demagnetization with less number of components. Moreover, the proposed method uses a single pair of complementary pulsewidth modulation signals with a 50% duty ratio for all switches. The energy is transferred from the higher voltage cell to the lower voltage cell simultaneously through the coupled inductors, which increases the balancing speed. The balancing performance of the proposed modularization is validated experimentally.


The structure,properties and preparation methods of PBO fibre were introduced in brief,some surface modification methods of PBO fibre were summarized,including acid treatment,alkali treatment,enzymatic treatment,coupler treatment,irradiation treatment,plasma treatment and so on.


The advent of cloud computing makes scientists to extend their research environments over supercomputers to on-demand and dynamically scalable resources. Science cloud has become a trend in various scientific domains these days. Depending on user's demands, however, it is difficult to supply optimal environment for executing job rapidly and dynamically. Therefore, it is very important to predict user's requirements and to prepare execution environment in advance. In addition, it needs scheduling mechanisms for virtual machines to offer some level of guaranteed performance of a user application. This paper proposes a cloud resource provisioning model using statistical analysis of job profiles for science. In this model, we use job profiles which are generated from executions of various applications and identify characteristics of an application by applying statistical analysis. We utilize PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to analyze job profiles and to extract factors which contribute much to execution time or performance. The effective factors are used for selecting reference job profile and deciding a resource site where VM is deployed. An application is executed on the chosen site and its performance result is incorporated into the job profiles with the purpose of evaluating profile's credit. Performance comparisons with other conditions verify that this model can strengthen strong point of cloud computing and make up for its weakness, since it can offer performance improvements as well as reduction of waiting time. As a result, this model can provide efficient management of cloud resource for a service provider and reduce management overheads on Cloud.


In 1988, eastern white pines (Pinusstrobus L.) from four southwestern Virginia Christmas tree plantations symptomatic of infection by Leptographiumprocerum (Kendr.) Wingf. were assigned to one of four symptom categories based on crown color and resin exudation at the root collar. A fifth category was added in 1989 and 1990. From each plantation, the root system and the lower stem of one tree in each symptom class was excavated monthly and examined for fungi and insects from June to September in 1988 and 1989 and from April to September in 1990. Larvae of two weevil species, Hylobiuspales (Herbst) and Pissodesnemorensis Germ., were recovered with L. procerum from 23, 17, and 21% of the trees in all symptom classes in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Pre-emergent adults of both weevil species contaminated with L. procerum were also recovered from excavated stems. Bark beetle genera (family Scolytidae), including Pityogenes, Xyleborus, Orthotomicus, Ips, and Pityophthorus, were recovered with L. procerum ...


At the end of last century a debate arose among aristotelian scholars around the unity of metaphysics as a science. A conflict appeared to exist between that component of metaphysics which is ontological (as the science of being as being) and that which is theological (as the science of the supreme causes and of the first principles). This debate extended to thomistic circles. In the light of an analysis of a series of texts, this article seeks to present the thought of Thomas Aquinas on the unity of metaphysics as a science. For Aquinas it is the most universal science (having ens commune as object) and, at the same time, the most sublime (having God as end insofar he is causa totius esse). St. Thomas, following Aristotle, completes a two-fold reduction of all things to a certain unity, both in the categorial level (one says being in many ways, but of these there is one, which expresses being in its fullest manner and in virtue of which all others are said to be, that is, substance; for this reason metaphysics, as ontology, is above all a usiology), and in the hierarchical-transcendental level (there is also an order between the diverse substances, and there is one of them, which is in such an eminent way that all the others depend on: God; for this reason metaphysics is a theology). Thus, in both components there is an order with a grading according to a more and a less, which refers to a summum, in which the others participate. This brings us to the famous quarta via demonstration of God's existence, which has an Aristotelian, Neo-platonic and Avicennian matrix. This way makes reference to the doctrine of participation (only God is being, the others have being by participation) and consequently to the analogy of being, which is the condition of possibility of metaphysics


The author describes the steel research organisation that has been developed in Sweden from the middle of the twentieth century and reports on the most recent assessments of its cost effectiveness. ...


Aims Microorganisms play a crucial role in the litter decomposition process in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the independent and interactive relationship between fine root decomposition and bacteria community related to substrate characteristics can help to predict the consequences of changes on ecosystem function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify fine roots' influences on rhizosphere microbial structure and diversity. Methods The decomposition of root litters of four dominant tree species of Mount Taishan (Robinia pseudoacacia (RP), Quercus acutissima (QA), Pinus tabulaeformis (PT) and Pinus densiflora (PD)) was tested in a Yaoxiang Forest Farm. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, bacterial community composition was determined. Composition, diversity and relative abundance of bacteria were calculated for per fine root litter. Important findings (1) Fine root litter decomposition differed significantly among different root types. There was no difference in decomposition rate between broad-leaved species and conifer species. In all species, fine roots of RP and QA were more strongly decomposed than that of PT and PD, and these differences were significant (RP > QA > PT > PD). (2) The number of observed species, operational taxonomic units, Ace index and phylogenetic diversity in broad-leaved species were significantly lower than that in coniferous species. Bacterial ©植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 路颖等: 泰山 4 种优势造林树种细根分解对细菌群落结构的影响 1201 DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0120 logenetic diversity in broad-leaved species were significantly lower than that in coniferous species. Bacterial community structure differed significantly among four species for root decomposition. Initial carbon (C), lignin:nitrogen (N) and C:N in fine root had a great influence on the bacterial community structure. (3) At the phylum level, a total of 4 phyla were dominant (>5% across all species). Based on the average relative abundance, the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinomyces, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Proteobacteria's and Acidbacteria's abundance were significantly different among the four species. Particularly, the Proteobacteria of broad-leaved species was significantly higher than that of coniferous species. At the class level, a wide range of classes dominated. Based on the average relative abundance, the most abundance classes were Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, unidentified-Actinobacteria and Sphingobacteriia. Alphaproteobacteria and unidentified-Actinobacteria had significant differences among the four species. (4) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of dominant phylum and class was affected by the initial properties of root litter, especially the Proteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between fine root decomposition rate and relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Redundancy analysis (RDA) also demonstrated that the initial properties of fine root litter (initial N, P, C:N) had significant effects on the structures of bacterial community. These results can improve understanding the links between fine root litter decomposition and functional microbial communities.


Clenbuterol is a kind of animal drugs which can promote lean growth and inhibit fat growth. Criminals added clenbuterol to forage in order to promote animal growth and improve the lean percentage. When people eat the animal tissue containing these drugs,serious side effects can occured. In this paper the research progress in detection method about clenbuterol in meat products are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods are summarized.


Diabetic neuropathy (DN), a major complication of diabetic mellitus, is present in more than 50% of diabetic patients. During the early stages of pathologic progression, patients with DN may experience sensory defects such as allodynia and hyperalgesia. Patients in advanced stages may present with sensory paralysis, such as nerve injury and the degeneration of axons, which are frequently accompanied by foot ulcerations, amputations, and poor prognoses. The pathogenesis of DN primarily involves oxidative stress and inflammation; thus, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered important therapeutic targets. However, few effective therapies are approved for the treatment of painful or insensate DN. The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol‐44D (SMTP‐44D) in a mouse model of DN.


The thermal decomposition and mass spectra of the N-phenyl- (1), N,N′-diphenyl- (2), and N,N′,N′-triphenylphosphoric triamides (3) were investigated. DTA-TG/DTG, TG-TRAP-GC/MS measurements, IR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometric analyses, HPLC analyses, and a kinetic study were carried out to investigate the thermal decomposition. From the analytical results, it was suggested that 1 decomposed while liberating ammonia and aniline, and condensed in several stages; its thermal products at about 160 °C contained 2. Compound 2 decomposed and condensed to form some condensed products at about 200 °C; its thermal products also contained 3. Compound 3 decomposed while liberating aniline to form a cyclic dimer, while the existence of other thermal products was also observed; the cyclic dimer further pyrolyzed in several stages, and 1 and 2 formed a similar condensed product in the 400 to 500 °C temperature range, though that for 3 was different. In addition, the apparent activation energy of the thermal de...


Colour histograms have been shown to be very effective in representing images for content-based retrieval systems. They are compact, robust and amenable to computer analysis. However, such histograms convey only global image properties and do not embody local colour information which is so important when comparing and contrasting images. We present a novel image coding scheme which captures some of this locally correlated colour information and improves the selectivity of the retrieval mechanism-an important issue for very large databases. The technique uses a histogram of features which represent local combinations of colour artifacts within an image, called colour n-grams. We outline the thrust of our approach and discuss the factors affecting the efficacy of the retrieval mechanism using a database of colour images. (6 pages)


Previous successful international cooperative efforts offer a wealth of experience in dealing with highly sensitive issues, but cooperative remote sensing for monitoring and understanding the global environmental is in the national interest of all countries. Cooperation between international partners is paramount, particularly with the Russian Federation, due to its technological maturity and strategic political and geographical position in the world. Based on experience gained over a decade of collaborative space research efforts, continued cooperation provides an achievable goal as well as understanding the fabric of our coexistence. Past cooperative space research efforts demonstrate the ability of the US and Russian Federation to develop a framework for cooperation, working together on a complex, state-of-the-art joint satellite program. These efforts consisted of teams of scientists and engineers who overcame numerous cultural, linguistic, engineering approaches and different political environments. Among these major achievements are: (1) field measurement activities with US satellites MSTI and MSX and the Russian RESURS-1 satellite, as well as the joint experimental use of the US FISTA aircraft; (2) successful joint Science, Conceptual and Preliminary Design Reviews; (3) joint publications of scientific research technical papers, (4) Russian investment in development, demonstration and operation of the Monitor-E spacecraft (Yacht satellite bus), (5) successful demonstration of the conversion of the SS-19 into a satellite launch system, and (6) negotiation of contractual and technical assistant agreements. This paper discusses a new generation of science and space capabilities available to the Remote Sensing community. Specific topics include: joint requirements definition process and work allocation for hardware and responsibility for software development; the function, description and status of Russian contributions in providing space component prototypes and test articles; summary of planned experimental measurements and simulations; results of the ROKOT launch system; performance of the Monitor-E spacecraft; prototype joint mission operations control center; and a Handbook for Success in satellite collaborative efforts based upon a decade of lessons learned.


The purpose of this study is to identify the trend of lipstick color used in collections, by comparing and analyzing lipstick colors used in fashion collections, and predict a future trend of lipstick color. Color trends and fashion collections from 2011 S/S to 2015 F/W were selected to analyze for ...


OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) red blood cell (RBC) count and CSF protein in neonates and young infants undergoing lumbar puncture.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
Urban tertiary care children's hospital.

PATIENTS
Infants 56 days of age and younger who had a lumbar puncture in the emergency department between January 1, 2005 and July 31, 2009 were eligible for inclusion. Infants with missing laboratory data, exceedingly high CSF red blood cell counts, or conditions known to elevate CSF protein were excluded.

MEASUREMENTS
Linear regression was used to determine the association between CSF RBC and CSF protein.

RESULTS
Of 1986 infants, 56 days of age or younger, who underwent lumbar puncture in the emergency department during the study period, 1241 (62.5%) met inclusion criteria. The median age was 34 days (interquartile range: 19-46 days); 45% of patients were male. The median CSF RBC count was 40 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range: 2-1080 cells/mm(3)); 11.8% of patients had a CSF RBC >10,000 cells/mm(3). CSF protein increased by 1.9 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 1.7-2.1 mg/dL) per 1000 CSF RBCs for all included patients. Restricting analysis to patients without pleocytosis yielded comparable results, as did subanalyses by age and delivery type.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that CSF protein concentrations increased by approximately 2 mg/dL for every 1000 CSF RBCs. These data may assist clinicians in interpreting CSF protein concentrations in infants 56 days of age and younger in the context of traumatic lumbar punctures.


The objectives of this study were to assess Pro-Environmental Consumer Behavior of Elementary School Students and to identify variables related to their Pro-Environmental Consumer Behavior. The subjects of this study were 6th grade students in Kyounggi-Province and questionaire packets were mailed to Ilsan urban area and Paju city. Four hundred and seventy seven samples were analyzed through the SPSSstatistical program for the study. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1. The students who had more Ecological Knowledge was higher in the score of Environmental Consumer Behavior than the students who had less Ecological Knowledge. 2. The students who were in high score of the Environmental Activity showed more Pro-Environmental Consumer Behavior than the students who were in low score of the Environmental Activity. 3. The students who were in high Normative Belief level showed more Environmental Consumer Behavior than the students who were in low Normative Belief score. 4. There was a significant correlation between Environmental Consumer Behaviors and Ecological Knowledge, Experiences of the Environmental Activity, Normative Belief. 5. Ecological Knowledge, Experiences of the Environmental Activity, Normative Belief variables showed the prediction of the Pro-Environmental Consumer Behavior with the 38% explanation power.


SINS/GPS integration provides reliable navigation solutions by overcoming each of their shortcomings, including signal blockage for GPS and growth of position errors with time for SINS. Most of the present navigation systems rely on Kalman filtering methods to fuse data. Present Kalman filtering SINS/GPS integration techniques have several inadequacies related to sensor error model, immunity to noise and observability. This paper aims at introducing a novel SINS/GPS integration algorithm utilizing Hopfield neural network. This method obtains the optimal state estimation by minimizing the energy function of the Hopfield neural network. Furthermore this algorithm relaxes the assumptions made by the Kalman filter so that it is more versatile. Simulation results show that the new integration algorithm performs similarly to the Kalman filter. Furthermore it has some advantages such as fast convergence, unbias and high precision during fusion process, despite of the inaccurate modeling errors, system disturbance, observation errors, and even the shortage of observation. Also as the parallel computational mode and easily carried out in hardware of the Hopfield neural network, this integration algorithm can improve the navigation guidance accuracy, real time ability and practicability of the SINS/GPS


The fornaldarsogur that subscribe to the myth of the Viking Empire have a degree of historical accuracy in that they describe Danes invading England, killing Northumbrian kings, and assuming rule there, whereas other fornaldarsogur portray Scandinavians in England as helpful heroes assisting rather weak Anglo-Saxon kings. Unlike the relationship between Scandinavians and the English, which these sagas represent as consistently positive, the relationship between the Scandinavians and the Scots varies, and the relationship with the Irish is entirely negative. The depiction of these peoples diverges considerably from that found in Islendingabok, Landnamabok, Sturlunga saga, the Islendingasogur, and the Islendingaþœttir. The fornaldarsogur focus on England is argued to be the accidental result of mixing literary traditions handed down from the Viking Age with late medieval values and the influence of romance, and the contemporary relationships of Ireland, Scotland, and England probably reinforced their treatm...


The social consequences of technological change have been the focus of much commentary and debate. Various social scientists and humanists have characterized technology either as "hero" or as "villain," with advocates emphasizing the social benefits of technological change and detractors stressing the social costs. Nowhere are these divergent viewpoints articulated more clearly than in discussions of the effects of technological change on working conditions. On the one hand, it has been argued that changes in production technology have made work less repetitive, more responsible, and, more important, safer. On the other hand, a view of industrialization that emphasizes technologyinduced unemployment, underutilization of human capital, reductions in worker skills, and exposure to new hazards has gained support in recent years.'


Abstract The specific heat capacity c p ( p ) of decane was measured with an accuracy of 0.02· c p with a high-pressure calorimeter. The results of these measurements are presented for the pressure range 0.1 MPa to 254.5 MPa and the temperature 299 K.


Here is advanced a theory of luminous tube operation based upon an engineering study of the voltage and current waves associated with the discharge of electricity through neon gas.


The penetration of DG systems in distribution systems can result in the increase of the short circuit current level. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and have different designs. There are several kinds of SFCLs, which can be classified in three types such as the resistive type, the inductive type and bridge type SFCL. In this paper, the transient recovery voltage (TRV) analysis, based on the electromagnetic transient program (EMTP), is used to investigate the behavior of the each three types SFCL installed in an electrical distribution grid. Simulation results show that the TRV can be damped in the presence of the resistive and bridge type SFCL during fault clearing period.