In this paper, the analysis of circulating currents of a paralleled single-phase boost rectifier system is presented. The DC loop and AC loop circulating currents are clearly explained. Based on the analysis of circulating currents, common mode circulating current (CMCC) and differential mode circulating current (DMCC) are clearly defined. Then, CMCC and DMCC compensators in a centralized control scheme are proposed to reduce the common-mode and differential-mode circulating currents in the parallel rectifier system. Finally, a prototype system is constructed and some experimental results are carried out to verify the validity of the proposed control scheme. From experimental results, the proposed control scheme can indeed reduce the circulating currents under different power rating condition in the parallel system.


A wireless pressure acquisition recording system is provided, which comprises a pressure data acquisition recording module integrating ZigBee, a wireless Router and a ZigBee pressure data receiving terminal; a network composed of the pressure data acquisition recording module integrating ZigBee and the pressure data receiving terminal through the Router is a wireless data transmission network based on IEEE802.15.4 technical standard and Zigbee network protocol. The product doesn't require power supply and data line, data points increasing and reducing are very easy, the utility model has the advantages of small interference and tiny power consumption.


Development of 2.1D package with organic interposer in panel size based on the high resolution dry film photoresist and the ultra-thin electro-less copper seed layer will be reported in this paper. The aim of 2.1D technology is focus on the reducing of production cost and increase I/O counts simultaneously. Compare to the wafer level lithography process, substrate-based process leads to the benefit in cost reduction and risk elusion form chip first process. The high resolution photolithography semi-additive processes (SAP) can achieve 3 µm copper line width and 25 µm laser drilled vias in panel size (510*408mm). On the other hand, the sputtered metal seed layer can be replaced by electro-less copper plating seed layer (approximately 0.1 µm). When it comes to cost, dry film photoresist and electro-less copper seed layer processes can significantly save the equipment and material cost compared to the wafer patterning process. These high density interconnection lines, micro-bump pads and vias are integrated and demonstrated on an organic film in the thickness of 25 µm. Micro-bump pads designed for the copper pillar bond are with a 25 µm diameter and a 40 µm pitch. Flip chip bond alignment is verified by the x-ray examination. The embedded trace substrate (ETS) by using plating nickel thin layer for etching resistance, copper trace with 3 µm width and spacing embedded in the organic film can be formed with very good flatness performance. Moreover, this designed 2.1D organic interposer substrate has passed the MSL3 (Moisture Soaking Level 3) standard and the TCT (Thermal Cycling Test) reliability test with 1000 cycles. In terms of electrical property study, kinds of dielectric materials and high resolution photoresists are employed in this study. The electrical measurement including DC resistance and S-parameter is performed to tell apart the different performance of dielectric and photoresist materials, and the result show agreement with the formed appearance of copper traces.


This article puts on record successful management of dystocia due to lateral deviation of head and neck and flexion of carpal of both forelimbs in a jenny. A 5 year old jenny in her first parity was presented to outpatient department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar with a history of complete gestation, straining since morning, the water bag ruptured and treated by a local vet without any success. Per vaginal examination revealed complete dilatation of cervix and dry foaling passage. The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to lateral deviation of head and neck and flexion of carpal of both forelimbs. The postural abnormalities of the fetus were corrected by applying repulsion on the brisket region and the head and neck were brought into normal posture by holding the mouth of the fetus in the palm. The fore limbs were brought to normal posture by grasping the hoof of the fetus and straightened one by one. Snares were applied on both the fore limbs at fetlock joint and a blunt eye hook was placed in the right orbit of the fetus. The fetus and the foaling passage were thoroughly lubricated with liquid paraffin and traction is applied. A dead male foal was delivered per vaginally after applying traction. Post operative medication of the jenny was done and healthy recovery was observed.


The ionic currents in enzymatically isolated vestibular hair cells of the chick were studied by a whole‐cell‐clamp variation of the patch voltage clamp, and by single channel recording. At membrane potentials more negative than ‐80 mV the hair cell showed anomalous rectification, and at potentials more positive than ‐40 mV large outward K currents were observed in normal saline. The outward K current decreased at large positive potentials, showing an N‐shaped I‐V relation. The outward K current was carried mostly through the Ca‐activated K channel. K currents through the anomalous rectifier channel showed a decay in normal saline. This decay was eliminated reversibly in Na‐free saline when the isotonic KCl‐EGTA solution was used as the internal medium. However, a fast decay was still observed in Na‐free high‐K external solution when isotonic CaCl‐EGTA was used as the internal medium. An increase in [K]o decreased the decay rate of the inward K current. The single‐channel conductance of the anomalous rectifier channel was 50 pS in 160 mM‐K saline and 23 pS in 40 mM‐K saline. In 100 mM‐Ca, ‐Sr and ‐Ba salines a large inward current was observed. At positive potentials the inward current carried by Ca and Sr ions showed significant decay; the current became outward at large positive potentials. Since the decay of the inward current was eliminated when 100 microM‐quinine was added to the bathing medium, it was probably due to the activation of some Ca‐activated K conductance which remained even with isotonic CsCl‐EGTA internal medium. The activation kinetics of the Ca channel were studied in 100 mM‐Ba solution at low temperatures (9‐13 degrees C). From a comparison of the time constants of activation with the time constants of the tail currents, it was concluded that the Ca channel follows Hodgkin‐Huxley‐type m2 kinetics. A slow component that deviated from m2 kinetics was frequently observed at relatively large positive potentials. The steady‐state fluctuations of Ba current showed a power density spectrum reasonably well fitted by a sum of two Lorentzian functions. The spectrum has a low‐frequency component which indicates kinetics close to the macroscopic activation process of the Ca channel and a high‐frequency component that indicates very fast flickering kinetics operating in the Ca channel.


The invention relates to the use of inhibitors of the general formula I for the treatment of viral infections, especially for the treatment of influenza infections, for the therapy of inflammatory respiratory diseases or for the inhibition of serine protease TMPRSS2, wherein X is CH or N, R


Is nature or nurture the stronger influence on sex differences and similarities? If asked, most psychologists would probably reply that the question is misguided. Obviously, both are influential. Yet, as we show in this article, nature–nurture debates have remained highly contentious in the psychology of gender, and contemporary researchers only sometimes integrate the two causal influences. More commonly, researchers focus on one type of cause to the exclusion of the other or treat them as competing explanations. In analyzing the state of these nature–nurture debates in psychological science, we invoke the terms in their broadest meaning, whereby nature refers to biological structures and processes and nurture refers to sociocultural influences. There is no doubt that these issues are important and absorbing to the general public as well as scientists. However, despite the immense amount of psychological research on gender, often it does not inform public discourse on gender issues. For example, 2012's most widely discussed journalistic treatment of gender issues is Anne-Marie Slaughter's article " Why Women Still Can't Have It All, " which appeared in the July–August issue of The Atlantic. Evidence of the article's success lies in the approximately 370,000 hits produced by a Google search pairing its title and author (conducted March 29, 2013). Written in part from the perspective of the author's own career decisions, the article cites mainly the opinions expressed by other women with highly successful careers Although Slaughter's presentation is highly engaging, many of the topics that she covered could have been linked to extensive psychological research (e.g., maternal employment, stereotype threat, work–life balance). When touching on the key issue of causes of the parental division of childcare responsibilities, Slaughter opted for her personal insight that, despite the influence of social expectations, maternal instinct (" a maternal imperative, " p. 92) is critical. Even though Slaughter's expertise is in international relations, it is fair to ask why scientific psychology did not enter into her analysis. Moreover, Slaughter's approach is not unusual: Authors who write about the engaging gender questions of the day often fail to ground their answers in psychological research. Why? Abstract Nature–nurture debates continue to be highly contentious in the psychology of gender despite the common recognition that both types of causal explanations are important. In this article, we provide a historical analysis of the vicissitudes of nature and nurture explanations of sex differences and similarities during the quarter century since …


A technique for Carrier synchronization of a digital modem is studied
and the results of computer simulations are given.Through comparison of two kinds of phase
estimator systems,it is shown that the combination of phase signal decision process and signal
decoding process will improve system performances obviously.


Producing details for different purposes is guided by the conditions of their work and, therefore, attention is paid to such characteristics as strength, viscosity and hardness. Only the method of determining the hardness of the material allows you to conduct research without destroying the detail in addition to physical methods. This takes into account the fact that the other properties are indirectly related to the hardness parameter. The main disadvantage of all modern methods of the material hardness measurement is the inconsistency of the practical content of the units of measurement of the studied parameter to the theoretical essence of hardness - as a physical quantity that characterizes the properties of a rigid body. The units of all hardness measurement methods, depending on the scale factor, are usually compared by converting their values to such generally accepted methods as Brinell, Rockwell, or Vickers. The conversion of the hardness values obtained by different methods should be used very carefully and preferably for a preliminary assessment of the relative changes in material properties. When applying these methods, the units of measurement are the ratio between the load on the indenter, a given standardized shape and the area or depth of the imprint. However, based on the physical content of a property such as hardness, it is necessary to determine the relationship between the load on the indenter and the volume of the displaced material. This work aims to establish a theoretical basis for the digital characteristics of units of hardness obtained by different measurement methods. To provide the physical meaning of the determining of hardness, the dependence of the volume of the displaced material on the applied load was determined. The comparison of these values made it possible to really determine the relationship between the units of different methods not based on practical comparisons, but by summing up the theoretical basis. The obtained results indicate a sufficiently high correlation between the results obtained with different hardness measurement methods.


The requirements for a transmission stage for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are discussed, and an advanced stage meeting this demand is described. Examples are shown of high resolution micrographs and selected area diffraction patterns obtained using the stage.


Proof of work (PoW), the most popular consensus mechanism for blockchain, requires ridiculously large amounts of energy but without any useful outcome beyond determining accounting rights among miners. To tackle the drawback of PoW, we propose a novel energy-recycling consensus algorithm, namely proof of federated learning (PoFL), where the energy originally wasted to solve difficult but meaningless puzzles in PoW is reinvested to federated learning. Federated learning and pooled-mining, a trend of PoW, have a natural fit in terms of organization structure. However, the separation between the data usufruct and ownership in blockchain lead to data privacy leakage in model training and verification, deviating from the original intention of federal learning. To address the challenge, a reverse game-based data trading mechanism and a privacy-preserving model verification mechanism are proposed. The former can guard against training data leakage while the latter verifies the accuracy of a trained model with privacy preservation of the task requester's test data as well as the pool's submitted model. To the best of our knowledge, our article is the first work to employ federal learning as the proof of work for blockchain. Extensive simulations based on synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed mechanisms.


So far, the handoff management involved in the wireless local area network (WLAN) has mainly fallen into the handoff mechanism and the decision algorithm. The traditional handoff mechanism generates noticeable delays during the handoff process, resulting in discontinuity of service, which is more evident in dense WLANs. Inspired by software-defined networking (SDN), prior works put forward many seamless handoff mechanisms to ensure service continuity. With respect to the handoff decision algorithm, when to trigger handoff and which access point to reconnect to, however, are still tricky problems. In this paper, we first design a self-learning architecture applicable to the SDN-based WLAN frameworks. Along with it, we propose DCRQN, a novel handoff management scheme based on deep reinforcement learning, specifically deep  $Q$ -network. The proposed scheme enables the network to learn from actual users' behaviors and network status from scratch, adapting its learning in time-varying dense WLANs. Due to the temporal correlation property, the handoff decision is modeled as the Markov decision process (MDP). In the modeled MDP, the proposed scheme depends on the real-time network statistics at the time of decisions. Moreover, the convolutional neural network and the recurrent neural network are leveraged to extract fine-grained discriminative features. The numerical results through simulation demonstrate that DCRQN can effectively improve the data rate during the handoff process, outperforming the traditional handoff scheme.


The aim of this study was to clarify whether chemoembolization (TACE) before liver resection (LR) can reduce postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and improve disease‐free and overall survival. Eighty‐nine patients with tumor‐stage (TNM) I‐II HCC were evaluated for LR. Patients were prospectively allocated to LR alone or TACE plus LR based on their place of residence. Twenty nonlocal patients (24%) were selected for LR, while 69 (77.5%) local patients were selected for TACE plus LR. Following TACE, the tumor stage could be confirmed in only 20 patients (29%) who then underwent LR. Operative mortality was 0%, but in the TACE‐LR group, 3 patients died of liver failure between 2 and 5 months after surgery. Early recurrence (<24 months) was 59% for LR versus 20% for TACE plus LR (P < .05). Late recurrence was 18% for LR versus 10% for TACE plus LR (P = not significant [NS]). The overall recurrence rate was 76% for LR versus 30% for TACE plus LR (P < .02). Death due to HCC recurrence was 70% for LR versus 15% for TACE plus LR (P < .05). The overall 1‐ and 5‐year survival rates did not differ significantly (71% to 38% for LR v 85% to 43% for TACE + LR; P = NS), whereas the difference in 1‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival was highly significant (64% to 21% for LR v 82% to 57% for TACE + LR; P < .02). TACE was able to improve the HCC staging process and significantly reduce the incidence of early and overall HCC recurrence and related death after LR; it improved the disease‐free interval, but not the overall survival, due to an increase in liver failure in the first 5 months.


KUSLU, Y., U. SAHIN, T. TUNC and F. M. KIZILOGLU, 2010. Determining water-yield relationship, water use efficiency, seasonal crop and pan coefficients for alfalfa in a semiarid region with high altitude. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 16: 482-492 A field study was conducted to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant dry forage yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa for a 2-year period in the semiarid region with high altitude. In addition, the seasonal crop and pan coefficients k c and k p of alfalfa was determined in full irrigation conditions. Irrigations were applied when approximately 50% of the usable soil moisture was consumed in the effective rooting depth at the full irrigation treatment. In deficit irrigation treatments, irrigations were applied at the rates of 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% of full irrigation treatment on the same day. Irrigation water was applied by hose-drawn traveler with a line of sprinklers. Seasonal actual evapotranspiration, total dry forage yield and water use efficiency was the highest in full irrigation conditions and the lowest in continuous stress conditions. The linear relationship between seasonal actual evapotranspiration and total dry forage yield was obtained. According to the averaged values of 2 years, yield response factor (k y ) was 1.33. Both seasonal k p and k c were determined as 0.86 for alfalfa, when combined values of 2 years. Abbreviations: ET o - reference evapotranspirasyon (mm); k y - seasonal yield response factor k c - seasonal crop coefficient; k p - seasonal pan coefficient; ET a - actual evapotranspiration, mm; I - the amount of irrigation water applied (mm); P – precipitation, mm; C r - capillary rise (mm); D w - amount of drainage water (mm); R f - amount of runoff (mm); Δ S - change in the soil moisture content (mm); Y a - actual harvested yield; Y m - maximum harvested yield, ET m - maximum evapotranspiration, mm; Y d - relative yield reduction; ET d relative evapotranspiration reduction, mm; E pan - evaporation of Class A pan, mm; R n - net radiation at the crop surface, MJ m -2 day -1 ; G - soil heat flux density, MJ m -2 day -1 ; T - mean daily air temperature at 2 m height, °C; u 2 - wind speed at 2 m height, m s -1 ; e s - saturation vapour pressure, kPa; e a - actual vapour pressure, kPa; e s e a - saturation vapour pressure deficit, kPa; Δ - slope of the saturation vapour pressure curve, kPa/°C; γ psychrometric constant, kPa/°C; WUE - water use efficiency, kg ha -1 mm -1


PURPOSE: A carbon nanotube antenna is provided to improve an antenna characteristic by omitting the assembly deviation by an assembly process. CONSTITUTION: A carbon nanotube antenna(100) includes a forming structure antenna unit and a connection unit. The forming structure antenna unit a dielectric characteristic and a radiator characteristic made by mixing the conductive nanotube and nylon based resin and is made of the organic synthetic resin. The connection unit is integrated with the forming structure antenna unit by molding injection. The connection unit is formed in a preset position of the forming structure antenna unit and is made of at least one metal structure for feeding the forming structure antenna unit and the surface mount.


In traditional transductive learning, all queries are used in learning to rank in order to generate pseudo-labels when sufficient training data are not available. However, low quality queries may affect retrieval performance in transductive learning. We thus think that it is important to improve the quality of queries in transductive learning to train an effective ranking model. By using a small number of reliable samples and data close to the boundaries of classification, we propose building a query quality estimator by establishing a relationship between the benefits of good retrieval performance and features of the normalized query commitment that influence query quality. In our proposed transduction model, all queries available are filtered by the proposed query quality estimator and only high quality queries that enhance the effectiveness of retrieval such that they yield performance-related benefits, are used to generate pseudo-labels for learning to rank. Queries that can degrade performance benefits are discarded while creating the pseudo-labels. Pseudo-labels aggregated by high quality queries in transductive learning are then leveraged in learning to rank scenarios without sufficient training data. The results of extensive experiments on the standard LETOR 4.0 dataset showed that our proposed method can outperform strong baselines and the average normalized discounted cumulative gain is enhanced up to 7.77% in some case. INDEX TERMS Transductive learning, query quality, retrieval performance, learning to rank


PURPOSE: A method for cutting a nonmetallic substrate is provided to improve speed of cutting and quality of cutting surface by optimizing shape and arrangement of an energy source for rapidly heating the nonmetallic substrate. CONSTITUTION: The method for cutting a nonmetallic substrate comprises steps of (i) rapidly heating the cutting path by irradiating first laser beam(210) on a cutting path set on the nonmetallic substrate(1) in an oval shape in which a ratio of major axis (Bl) to minor axis (Bw) is adjusted in the range of 40:1 to 80:1; (ii) forming a groove shaped scribe line(1c) on the surface of the nonmetallic substrate by thermal shock formed by spraying a cooling fluid(310) onto the cutting path; and (iii) cutting the nonmetallic substrate by scanning second laser beam(510) along a scanning path of the first laser beam, wherein the first laser beam is formed in a symmetrical shape centering around the major and minor axes, wherein the first laser beam is formed in a symmetrical shape centering around the major axis while it is formed in an asymmetrical shaped centering around the minor axis, and wherein length (Sw) of the minor axis is 1 to 2 mm while length (Sl) of the major axis is 40 to 80 mm.


Rocks go through a series of crushing stages to produce the final aggregate size which suit customer's needs. Aggregate crushers suffer from many problems in reality that affect its production processes badly and may lead to its stoppage. These problems could be unchangeable feed rate, hidden steel part between rocks and wastage from storing final aggregate stockpile on the ground. The purpose of this research is to develop an automated control system for Jaw crusher production process as a solution for the real specified problems to get more productive aggregate production. First a 3D model which mimic exactly the real crushing plant was built to test the proposed system. Then a C++ code was programmed to control the proposed system components such as motor, sensors and LCD screens. Thereafter, the aggregate flow simulation program (AggFlow) is utilized to simulate the proposed system results. Cost analysis calculations were performed to explore the impact of proposed system on the production process cost and time. Finally, the results confirmed that the proposed system enhance and increase the crusher production process. As it shows increase in the crusher automatic control, the net profit and the feed rate while decrease in the final product waste.


The interaction between poly(C) and poly(G).poly(C) was studied
by differential impulse polarography. It was shown that binding
of poly(C) to poly(G).poly(C) hinders its interaction with the
electrode. The low concentration of poly(C) in the presence of
poly(G).poly(C) was attributed to its interaction with unpaired
G residues of poly(G). To determine the concentration of these
residues, the fluorescence of Tb3+ was measured in the presence
of poly(G).poly(C). It was found that denaturation of
poly(G).poly(C) followed by renaturation reduces the number of
defects in the poly(G) molecule.


The changes of relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in top,middle and bottom canopy of different ages' Phyllostachys pubescens( Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree) were measured by SPAD 502 determinator for relative chlorophyll content and PAM-2100 determinator for chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that PS Ⅱ actual photochemistry quantum efficiency( Yield),the PSⅡ highest photochemistry efficiency( F v / F m) and PSⅡ lateral reactivity( F v / F o) of top canopy in different ages of P. pubescens were significantly lower than the ones of middle and bottom canopy,while non-phyllostachys fluorescence quenching values( NPQ) was significantly higher than the one of middle and bottom canopy. Moreover,top canopy of P. pubescens had significantly lower chlorophyll content than middle and bottom canopy,which was on the trend of accumulation with the growth of the age. After comprehensive comparison,it was discovered that Ⅲ degree P. pubescens had the highest value Yield andⅡdegree P. pubescens had good photo response ability. What is more,under high-light environment,P. pubescens could increase heat dissipation so that the degree of photo inhibition was decreased.


i read with interest the recently published article by Bassetti and colleagues which reports that a reduction of cephalosporin use by 70% led to a 30% reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (%MRsA) in an italian iCU. Cephalosporins were replaced by quinolones which increased by 46.5% 1. if an intervention is analysed whether it was successful and sustaining one single time point has to be set exactly at the time of the intervention. Then the time before the intervention, at the time of the intervention and after the intervention can be analysed 2,3. However, the authors set different time points in this study (for example different breakpoints: %MRsA breakpoint i/2005, AD cephalosporins iV/2004, imipenem susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa iV/2005). Obviously, different time points do not make sense. To analyze the intervention with a segmented regression analysis the last time point before intervention must be iV/2004 and the first time point after intervention i/2005 (see table 1).


Abstract In the syntheses of the title oligosaccharides, the glycosyl donors had non-participating groups, either benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl or azidodeoxy, in the 2-positions. Glycosylations with glycosyl bromides were performed using halide assistance or silver triflate promotion. Glycosidations using thioglycosides were performed with dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate as promoter.


This special issue of Virtual and Physical Prototyping is untitled ''Effective Reverse Engineering Issues'' and is based on six original contributions. Reverse engineering must not be seen and understood in such a reductive approach as the reconstruction of surfaces from point clouds. Reverse engineering research issues are very broad and concern many application fields, from CAD modeling, through architecture, to medical applications. The objective of this special issue is to highlight actual and effective research contributions in several application fields in order to illustrate the wide impact of reverse engineering. The first paper, by Durupt and Remy, describes a knowledge structure for digital information oriented at product modeling; both theoretical and application issues are addressed. Urbanic and Elmaraghi, in the second paper, discuss the proposition of design recovery for mechanical components. The main interest of this approach is to allow the rebuilding of functional features from the identification of shape characteristics in order to obtain CAD solid models. Axernikov and Fischer then follow with a paper concerning fundamental issues and recent results for shape recognition and surface reconstruction, and also propose some emergent 3D non-contact measurement technologies. A very important and strategic issue, the direct duplication of complex objects by using five-axis machining, is presented by Makki et al. The complete numerical chain is addressed using a very precise and illustrative example. Digitizing solutions for advanced industrial archaeology are then dealt with by Laroche et al. Both new scanning technologies and methodologies are proposed for the digitization and numerical modeling of extremely complex and ancient technical objects. This is the basis of future models for Digital Heritage Reference Models. The results of the sixth paper, by Alves and Bártolo, could also be applied to the problems exposed in the fifth. This paper relates to the correction of image distortions and, from the results of these corrected images, more generally to the recovery of 3D shapes. All these advanced research papers give a representative contribution of modern issues of reverse engineering itself and of its applications. The journal encourages the submission of papers related to reverse engineering for potential publication in regular issues of the journal. I thank the contributors of these papers for their results and for having chosen Virtual and Physical Prototyping for their publication. I also thank the journal for being confident on this topic and on the quality of the papers proposed for this special issue.


Paf‐acether (platelet‐activating factor) is a phospholipid initially described as a potent platelet‐aggregating compound. It is produced by numerous cell types and is now considered as an important mediator of cell‐cell interactions. The effect of paf‐acether on the expression of CD2 and CD3, two human T cell surface glycoproteins, was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Paf‐acether partially down‐regulated, in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, CD2 and CD3 but not HLA class I antigen expression on peripheral human T cells and Jurkat cells. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid closely related to paf‐acether, had no detectable modulatory effect on CD2 and CD3 expression. In addition to CD2/CD3 modulation, pafacether markedly inhibited T cell proliferative response not only to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A but also to anti‐CD3 or a stimulatory combination of anti‐CD2 monoclonal antibodies. These data demonstrate for the first time that lipid mediators such as paf‐acether might be involved in the regulation of the expression of cell surface glycoproteins that are essential in the execution of T cell function.


Objective: There is continuing concern about the influence of hydroxyethylstarch on renal function in patients with compromised kidney function. Design: Prospective, randomized, single‐center study. Setting: University‐affiliated hospital. Patients: Fifty patients undergoing elective, first‐time coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass with a preoperative serum creatinine between 1.5 and 2.5 mg/dL. Interventions: According to a prospective, randomized sequence, the patients received either hydroxyethylstarch with a low molecular weight (mean molecular weight 130 kD) and a low molar substitution (0.4) (6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4) (n = 25) or 5% human albumin (n = 25). Volume was added to the priming (500 mL) and given perioperatively until the second postoperative day to keep pulmonary artery occlusion pressure or central venous pressure between 12 and 14 mm Hg. Measurements and Main Results: Serum creatinine and cystatin plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. From urine specimens, N‐acetyl‐&bgr;‐D‐glucosaminidase, glutathione transferase‐&agr;, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin were measured. Measurements were performed after induction of anesthesia, at the end of surgery, 5 hrs after surgery, and on the first and second postoperative days. A follow‐up after discharge from the hospital (60 days) was also done. Similar amounts of hydroxyethylstarch and albumin were infused. Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and cystatin C plasma levels were without significant differences between the groups. Concentrations of kidney‐specific proteins were elevated at baseline and increased significantly after surgery without showing group differences. Urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin increased more in the albumin‐than in the hydroxyethylstarch‐treated patients. None of the patients developed acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy during the hospital stay and thereafter. Conclusions: A hydroxyethylstarch preparation with a low molecular weight and a low molar substitution given in cardiac surgery patients with preoperative compromised kidney function did not negatively influence kidney integrity compared with a human albumin‐based volume replacement strategy. (Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2740–2746)


Internet has touched every bit of business operation. Since the inception of internet, way of business operation has also changed significantly. It has not only touched marketing, finance or production but also HR. Recruitment is one of the crucial task of any HR manager in an organization. This task if done carefully and correctly, results into the enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of the employees. The recruitment is taking a new shape with the changes in the technological environment. The role of internet in recruitment can be traced out as an opportunity or a bundle of benefits. This paper will try to understand the role of e-recruitment in recruitment process. It would try to find out the relationship between factors influencing job portals and selection of candidates. It would also put light on choice of candidates of diverse experience for job portals for job from across organizations.


The present invention, as component (a) (A), Formula (I) wherein Ring A, B, C and D are substituted by a hydroxy or portion, wherein, R represents hydrogen or A green colorant, as component (b) (B), an alkali soluble oligomer or polymer (reactive or unreactive), as component (c) (C), and monomers polymerizable, (d) component ( as D), a photoinitiator, a component (e) (E), an epoxy compound, further, the desired, as component (f) (F), and a further additive such, the manufacture of printed circuit boards the solder resist is used as an etching resist or plating resist, it relates to a photosensitive resin composition.


The key to rationalisation of the assembly process is not to be found in the area of production preparation, but in the area of design. The principles of design for assembly are described in detail.


PURPOSE: An SONOS(Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon) memory device and a method of erasing information thereof are provided to erase quickly information from the device by injecting hot holes into a nitride layer instead of using a conventional FN(Fowler-Nordheim) current. CONSTITUTION: A first electrode(12) and a second electrode(13) contact at least one bit line. A gate electrode(17) contacts a word line. A predetermined electric field is applied between the first and second electrodes and the gate electrode, so that hot holes are injected into a nitride layer(15) through an energy barrier of a tunnel oxide layer(14). At this time, a bit of information is erased from an SONOS memory device. The same positive voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes and a negative voltage is applied to the gate electrode.


This method has been developed for the determination of ammonia using a UV/Vis system with the HgCl2 as masking reagent. The detection wavelength was 370nm and the linear range was 0.2~2 mg/L, r=0.996 8, the detection limit was 0.084mg /L and the apparent molar absorption coefficient was 6 074.3 L/(mol·cm). This method has been successfully applied to the detection of ammonia in waste water containing cyanide.


The purpose of this thesis is to find out and compare the financial
performance of PT. Adaro Energy Tbk. and PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk. By
looking at the developments of the calculation of the liquidity ratios, profitability
ratios and market ratios of the company, it will be seen the developments of the
financial statements of the company 's performance in 2011-2014.
The analytical method used was the method of quantitative analysis
using financial ratios, namely by processing the raw data in the form of annual
report and financial statements into calculations of the ratio and then interpreted
by the author in the form of descriptive analysis. The data used is secondary data
such as company financial statements.
Overall the results of the performance analysis of the financial
statements of the two coal mining companies based on liquidity ratios,
profitability, and market, PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk. is superior to PT. Adaro
Energy Tbk.
Based on the analysis, the authors recommended that both companies
were able to reduce costs by controlling the amount of production and selecting
materials that will only be used for the production, thus avoiding the excess
inventory. In addition, companies can maximize cash available to buy assets as
one of the investment, as well as maximizing the promotion in the country and
abroad to boost sales revenue.
Keywords: Financial Perfomance Analysis, Liquidity, Profitability, Market


Face identification is one of the most interesting and important research fields. The reasons come from the need of automatic face identifications and surveillance systems, the interest in human visual system on face identification, and the design of computer interface, etc. The facial appearance using surgical procedures is big a challenge for face recognition algorithms. These procedures shows the facial features and skin texture thereby providing a change in the appearance of face widespread acceptability and use of biometrics for person authentication has instigated several techniques for identification. Such technique is checking facial appearance using surgical measures that has raised a challenge for face recognition algorithms. There is rise popularity of plastic surgery and its effect on automatic face identification has attracted attention from the research group. However, the plastic surgery introduced nonlinear variations which remain difficult to be modeled by existing face identification systems. In this research, a multi objective evolutionary granular algorithm matching the facial images before and after plastic surgery. The algorithm first gives non-disjoint face granules at many levels of granularity. The granular information is assimilated using a multi objective genetic approach that at a time optimizes the selection of feature extractor for each face granule along with the weights of individual granules.


To assess the predictive value for perinatal brain damage of acidosis at birth, alone or in combination with the Apgar score at 5 minutes, a cohort of 982 liveborn infants delivered over the two months was studied prospectively.... Metabolic acidosis determined from the umbilical artery at birth [was] a poor predictor of perinatal brain damage.


A cooling device for electric rotating machine, in particular motor vehicle alternator, comprising a housing (17) in which are arranged the feed ducts (18) and discharge (19) of a liquid cooling, a housing (10) in which is integrated the alternator (11), said housing (10) having at its outer periphery ribs (15) cooperating with the inner walls of said housing (17) so as to provide baffles movement (20) of said liquid and a cover (21) in one piece, characterized in that said cover (21) comprises a first flange (22) with fastening means (26) and sealing (24) the housing (10) a second flange (27) with fastening means (31) and sealing (29) of the housing (17) a central hub (32) connecting the two flanges ( 22, 27) in which is formed a housing (33) for receiving a bearing (13) constituting one of s bearings of the alternator (11) circulation means (35, 37, 38) of the coolant provided between the two flanges (22, 27) and the central hub (32). Application motor vehicles.


Abstract The neo-Darwinian paradigm is unable to account for the resilient, complex forms that evolve in nature and persist across time. Random mutations do not explain the occurrence of organisms that mimic complex forms in often astonishing detail. In the absence of God as creator, or random mutations as the basis for adaptive traits, there is something else going on. The case that I present in this article is that the only possible mechanism for mimicry in nature is imitation.


We investigate the effects of disorder on the dynamics of the $s=1/2$ $\mathrm{XY}$ model in one dimension. The energy couplings are randomly drawn independently from a bimodal distribution. We use an extension of the method of recurrence relations, in which an averaging over realizations of disorder is incorporated into the definition of the scalar product of the dynamical Hilbert space of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{j}^{z}(t),$ to determine analytically the first six basis vectors as well as the corresponding recurrants. We then use an ansatz for the higher-order recurrants, based on the behavior of the first ones exactly determined, to obtain the time-dependent correlation functions and spectral densities for several degrees of disorder. We find that the dynamics at long times is governed by the stronger couplings present in the system even if only a very small amount of disorder is present. In the long-time limit, the correlation functions oscillate at the cutoff frequency of the disorderless stronger-coupling case, with the spectral densities displaying tails that end at the stronger-coupling cutoff frequency.


Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), a timber species of significant economic and ecological importance in the Northern Hemisphere, faces increasing threats imposed by drought and bark beetle infestation intensified by ongoing climate change. Despite the extensive mortality within stands, a small proportion of mature trees remarkably survive during severe bark beetle outbreaks. Hypothesizing that bark beetle resilience is genetically determined and thus is under natural selection, we anticipated that there is a genetic variation in genome regions linked to the respective resistance in surviving trees. In the Bohemian Forest, restricted to the area of the Czech–Austrian–German border, we identified those resistant individuals, referred to as the "Last Trees Standing" (LTS). Concurrently, we collected reference samples from randomly selected individuals from natural regeneration within concerned sites (seedlings, young trees) and in adjacent unaffected stands (mature trees). Genomic data were generated on a 50K SNPs genotyping array. We conducted a population genetic study based on the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) method as well as the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). We identified 12 markers (SNPs) significantly associated with tree survival using this approach. Three of those SNPs are located within the genes with the known function in Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs. After further confirmation, we argue that the identified SNPs can be instrumental in identifying trees of higher resistance to bark beetle infestation.


Diversification not only internalizes transactions of goods and services, but it also internalizes transactions of capital. Hence, the value of diversification will depend, inter alia, on whether internal capital markets are relatively efficient or inefficient. This essay reviews and discusses the possible benefits and costs of internal capital markets by conducting a careful comparative institutional analysis. The essay concludes that internal capital markets can add value to lines of business only under a limited number of circumstances. Some recent developments in the organization of internal capital markets in diversified firms can be understood as attempts to increase their efficiency.


Current commercial gamma-ray imaging system are general purpose device designed to support a diagnosis for thyroid cancer. These generally require a reasonably large detector plate and the ability to image the thyroid. Recently, new applications of gamma-ray imaging system have emerged which place different demands on gamma-ray imaging system instrumentation, requiring high spatial resolution and sensitivity, in particular for imaging small volumes. These emerging applications, a large plate is not only not required but also limits the performance that can be achieved when imaging small volumes. Significant research has been undertaken in the development of read out schemes of scintillator crystal configurations in an attempt to improve the spatial resolution of gamma-ray imaging system. Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) detectors are attractive candidates for the replacement of Photomultiplier in nuclear imaging. Provide high gain with low voltage and fast response. We are developing a new gamma-ray imaging system detection module with depth of interaction capability. Pixilated scintillation crystals read out by SiPM 4×4 arrays form the basis of the new module. This article concentrates on comparison of the some kind of scintillator performance of the SiPM. In particular we are interested in measuring and quantitative improvement of the detector efficiency, linearity, and energy resolution of the SiPM based detector. Initial characterization of prototype detector consisting of a 4 × 4 SiPM array coupled to either the front surface of a 3mm × 3mm × 15mm × 16pics LYSO crystal. The readout system include SensL preamplifier circuit, anger logic circuit, Notice Scintillate ADC(FADC) and collect & analysis data software root. The parameters that have been measured are: detector efficiency, linearity, and energy resolution. Best energy resolution was experimentally measured 11% for 511keV and spatial resolutions <; 3mm (22Na, 1uCi).


Image Denoising is a major research topic for many image processing researchers. In some image Denoising algorithms, the user is required to specify the number of smooth image regions to estimate the noise level. In order to overcome this difficulty, we adopt a segmentation-based approach to estimate the noise level from a single image. The image is partitioned into smooth regions, in which the mean is the estimate of brightness, and the standard deviation is an overestimate of noise level, we specify a function called 'noise level function' (NLF) [1]. After estimating the noise, Denoising can be done by using Gaussian Conditional Random Field (GCRF). Extensive experiments were conducted to test the proposed algorithm, which is chosen to outperform state-of-the-art Denoising algorithms.


Multi-word expressions (MWE) have seen much attention from the NLP community. In this paper, we investigate their impact on the recognition of textual entailment (RTE). Using the manual Microsoft Research annotations, we first manually count and classify MWEs in RTE data. We find few, most of which are arguably unlikely to cause processing problems. We then consider the impact of MWEs on a current RTE system. We are unable to confirm that entailment recognition suffers from wrongly aligned MWEs. In addition, MWE alignment is difficult to improve, since MWEs are poorly represented in state-of-the-art paraphrase resources, the only available sources for multi-word similarities. We conclude that RTE should concentrate on other phenomena impacting entailment, and that paraphrase knowledge is best understood as capturing general lexico-syntactic variation.


The invention discloses a pneumatic crawler-type hydraulic drill carriage which comprises a carriage body, a travelling gear, a working device for drilling connected with the carriage body, a hydraulic system for driving the devices, and an operating device; a pneumatic motor is used as power of the hydraulic system and operation of the drill carriage; an operating device, which adopts closed loop design, is used for driving the pneumatic motor, the pneumatic system, the hydraulic system and the various acting components to act; the travelling device is crawler-typed; a swinging device, which consists of a swinging arm and a cylinder, is arranged at the front of the carriage body; the front end of the swinging device is connected with the working device for drilling by a universal rotating device; the working device consists of a feeding device which comprises a supporting device, a secondary cylinder, and a chain pushing mechanism; and the pneumatic crawler-type hydraulic drill carriage uses a method combining water and gas to clean the boreholes. The pneumatic crawler-type hydraulic drill applies especially to mass drilling work sites of which change continuously; the whole carriage is free of electric devices and the pneumatic crawler-type hydraulic drill applies particularly to high gassy mine and can carry out universal hole drilling.


High profitability and adaptability that presents strawberry production in Paraguay are affected negatively by the continuous increase of incidence of anthracnose. In order to select a fungicide that effectively controls the disease, it was assessed the effect of the products; for that, two experiments were conducted, in laboratory and greenhouse in the College of Agricultural Sciences of the National University of Asuncion. On in vitro experiment, it was determined the percentage of mycelium inhibition, there was established 22 treatments and eight replications, which consisted of different fungicides and a control; the experimental unit was composed by one Petri plate. On in vivo experiment, it was determined the incidence, severity, intensity of damage, chlorophyll content and NDVI; 13 treatments and five replications were composed by the different fungicides and the control; the experimental unit consisted of three strawberry's plants. The completely randomized design was used for both experiments. The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis and Test of Tukey 5%. In vitro results indicated Colletotrichum fragariae was inhibited completely by the triazoles, strobilurins, in mixtures; and mancozeb. During in vivo trials, the products Mancozeb, Tebuconazole+Trifloxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin+Cyproconazole and Azoxystrobin+Propiconazole+Difenoconazole presented moderate incidence and reduced 51-63% of severity and 60-77% of intensity of damage of anthracnose. The strawberry plants treated with Tebuconazole+Trifloxystrobin resulted in a major chlorophyll content.


Active matrix Display backplane (100), a flexible dielectric substrate (202) is formed by annealing and then to annealed surface of the substrate, the interconnect (240), one or more pixels electrodes ( 114), and to form one or more thin film transistors (TFT) (112). Interconnection (240) is electrically coupled to one another, include separate electrodes separated interval. One of the interconnection electrode is electrically coupled to the TFTs (112), another one of the interconnect electrodes, is electrically coupled to the pixel electrode (114), whereby the TFTs (112) and the pixel electrode (114 ) are electrically interconnected.


Distinct types of cytokine storms aggravate respiratory viral infection. This study shows that in severe influenza, TLR7 antagonist treatment ameliorates both type I interferon–driven and interferon-independent immunopathology by blocking TLR7-dependent cytokine production by immune cells, without affecting RIG-I–dependent responses in lung epithelia.


he fictitious crack model is extended so that it includes the effect of crack shearing. By the introduction of the so-called equivalent length, it is possible to establish a smeared version of the fictitious crack model. The equivalent length is a purely geometrical quantity that depends entirely on the size and form of the element and on the crack direction. A realistic modeling of crack shearing is obtained, and the smeared constitutive relations are objective with respect to both loading normal to the crack plane and loading tangential to the crack plane. The existence of multiple cracks is considered, and a consistent theory for unloading and possible closure of the cracks is presented. FE calculations of a concrete specimen using four different element types demonstrate the objectivity of the theory even when distorted meshes are used. (Less)


We study the probability distribution P (E) of the ground state energy E in various Ising spin glasses. In most models, P (E) seems to become Gaussian with a variance growing as the system's volume V . Exceptions include the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model (where the variance grows more slowly, perhaps as the square root of the volume), and mean field diluted spin glasses having ±J couplings. We also find that the corrections to the extensive part of the disorder averaged energy grow as a power of the system size; for finite dimensional lattices, this exponent is equal, within numerical precision, to the domain-wall exponent θDW . We also show how a systematic expansion of θDW in powers of e −d can be obtained for Migdal-Kadanoff lattices. Some physical arguments are given to rationalize our findings.


To gain knowledge of the fat characteristics of walnut varieties in different production areas of Shanxi Province, kernel oil content and its fatty acid composition of 6 walnut varieties were analyzed by using soxhlet extraction method and gas chromatography. The experiment sites were Yicheng and Tunliu. Yicheng has 800 m of altitude and 11 oC of annual mean temperature while Tunliu has 1100 m of altitude and 9.3 oC of annual mean temperature. The results indicated between Yicheng and Tunliu County, the most variety's oil content was increased with increasing of altitude, but had no significant difference (64.9% > 64.3%, P > 0.05). Both the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a significant difference between Tunliu and Yicheng, and there is a negative relationship between the contents of oleic and linoleic acid. Annual mean temperature has an obvious influence on ?-linolenic acid (ALA) content of walnut. The content of ALA from Yicheng with higher annual mean temperature is higher than that from Tunliu with lower annual mean temperature. The nutrition analysis showed that Tunliu' walnut kernel has a lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) (7.6% 91.8%, P 68.5%, P < 0.05), and its ratio of N-6/N-3 was also better compared to Tunliu (5.4:1 < 5.9:1). These results showed that with the different altitude and annual mean temperature, the walnut nutrition of fat is also different. Higher altitude and lower annual mean temperature can help to produce oleic-rich walnut while lower altitude and higher annual mean temperature is helpful for the higher content of ALA in walnut kernel.


We are developing a system that detects "objects" and "events" in the real-world using edge devices that can share the detected information among them in the cyber-space (virtual world) so that the users can remotely obtain real-world information from distant locations. We aim for the system can serve as a foundation for services that construct and utilize a digital twin of the real world. In this paper, we report our findings by implementing "objects" and "things" detection in edge devices (smartphones) and making experiments for sharing the detected "objects" and "things" registered on a digital map.


Avian influenza(AI)maternal HI antibody were tested regularly in new birth chicken,and when the average HI titers were 6Log2?4Log2 and 2Log2,chicken were challenged with AIV separately.The results showed that the peak of HI titer(7.85Log2)appeared on the 7th day.It was higher one times than HI titer on the 1st day(6.8Log2).After the 7th day,the HI titer decreased fast with the chicken growing.Until the 28th day,HI antibody vanished fundamentally.When HI titers were 6Log2?4Log2 and2Log2,the protective rate were 100%?50%?20%respectively. It can be concluded that the lowest HI titer which can prevent chicken from AIV should be 4Log2 to 6Log2,and must be higher than 4Log2.


The invention relates to a novel process for converting a feedstock comprising at least one sugar to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, wherein said filler is contacted with one or more catalysts of the family of homogeneous sulfonic acids in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvents taken alone or mixed, at a temperature between 30 ° C and 200 ° C, and at a pressure between 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa wherein said catalysts are selected from the compounds of general formula


Water extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Andrographis paniculata were used individually and in combination to investigate their hepato-recovery potential using carbon tetrachloride-treated, liver injured albino wistar rats. Toxicity study performed in female swiss albino mice was found to be satisfactory. HTPLC analysis revealed presence of andrographolide in A. paniculata and phyllanthin as well as gallic acid in P. amarus extracts. Histology analysis indicated extensive injury to liver tissue in experimental rats. Efficacy of polyherbal combination was less compared to individual extracts in reducing bilirubin concentration. SGPT and SGOT reduction by polyherbal combination was found to be similar to that of individual extracts. Co administration of extracts from both plants exhibited maximum reduction in γ GT concentration. However, polyherbal combination was not found to have any significant effect in reducing blood cholesterol when compared to individual extracts. Gallic acid, a component of P. amarus when used in pure form, was found to play significant role in reducing most liver biomarkers when compared to phyllanthin, the other active component of P. amarus . However, the latter was found to be more effective in reducing blood cholesterol compared to gallic acid. We concluded that polyherbal combination of A. paniculata and P. amarus does not always present a uniform, beneficial effect in cases of liver injury when monitored by several biomarkers. Further, gallic acid was found to be an equally important constituent of P. amarus extract along with phyllanthin in affecting hepato-protective activity in albino wistar rats.


The study aimed at establishing how the anti-corruption mechanisms at International, Regional and National levels enhanced the fight against corruption in selected public institutions in Lusaka, Zambia. The study was guided by one objective which was to establish how the anti-corruption mechanisms at International, Regional and National levels enhanced the fight against corruption in selected public institutions in Lusaka, Zambia. The research design that was used for the study was hermeneutic phenomenological research design. The sample size consisted of 14 participants while interview guide was used to collect data which was analysed thematically. The findings of the study showed that the mechanisms were weak to fight corruption due to Failure to sensitize courts on Anti-Corruption Laws, Constitution of Zambia does not compel the Republican President to suspend Ministers under investigations, Government Abandonment of Public Management refresher courses for all public officers, Failure to conduct a gap analysis on domesticated provisions of anti-corruption conventions and protocols., Lack of research on impact of anti-corruption mechanisms, Inconsistence capacity development of law enforcement officers, Inconsistency collaboration and cooperation in practical ways among anti-corruption agencies , Failure to source for additional funds by the Anticorruption Commission, Lack of Serious Adoption of ICT Tool to improve service delivery, Failure by some Member States to publish details of their national authorities or agencies on UNCAC and African Union Websites responsible for receiving requests, Failure to improve participation in international and regional fora against corruption, Lack of concerted efforts to fighting corruption from a multi-sectoral approach, Absence of the governance, ethics and corruption aspects in Public Management courses of the Universities in Zambia, Lack of commitment by chief executive officers to act on recommendations from the ACC on cases with insufficient evidence to prosecute, Lack of research on other elements of corruption than bribery, Lack of call for strict adherence to anti-corruption Protocols Conventions, Lack of constant monitoring and evaluation and Absence of a constitutional clause on administration of nolle prosequi.


2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone has been synthesized, characterized and its analytical application investigated. It reacts with nickel(II) in aqueous solution at pH 4.0-8.0 and at room temperature to form a yellow coloured ML (1:1) complex with absorption maximum at 410 nm and molar absorptivity 2.05x10 4 1 mol -1 cm -1 . Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.058-2.347 μg ml -1 of Ni(II). A method for the determination of nickel(II) by second order derivative spectrophotometry has also been proposed. Interference of various diverse ions has been studied. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to determination of nickel in aluminium-based steels, drinking water, plant samples and in vegetable oil.


use of the stomach-tube, in 10 cases, to explain the frequent occurrence of gastric symptoms among those patients who have for some time suffered from heart disease. As a result of his observations he found that, except in one case, free hydrochloric acid was never present in the gastric contents when the patient's heart was diseased. In the one exceptional case the hydrochloric acid was found 6 hours after a meal, at a period, that is to say, when free hydrochloric acid has never been demonstrated in the gastric juice of a healthy person. One can readily suppose that, as a result of the failure in heart com-


This paper presents single-channel speech enhancement techniques in spectral domain. One of the most famous single channel speech enhancement techniques is the spectral
subtraction method proposed by S.F. Boll in 1979. In this method, an estimated speech spectrum is obtained by simply subtracting a preestimated noise spectrum from an observed one. Hence, the spectral subtraction method is not concerned with speech spectral properties. It is well known that the spectral subtraction method produces an annoying artificial noise in the extracted speech signal. On the other hand, recent successful speech enhancement methods positively utilize the speech property and achieve an efficient speech enhancement capability. This paper presents a historical review about some speech estimation techniques and explicitly states the difference between their theoretical back-ground. Moreover, to evaluate their speech enhancement capabilities, we perform computer simulations. The results show that an adaptive speech enhancement method based on MAP estimation gives the best noise reduction capability in comparison to other speech enhancement methods presented in this paper.


The purpose of this study is to suggest a developmental plan for the exchange of Asian dances through a case of implementing Asian art community in the meantime through the formation project for Gwangju as Asia Culture Hub City. The Asia Culture Hub City is the biggest national culture project since the national foundation, and forms a new-concept cultural city in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Asian Culture Complex, is being built with the aim of being completed in 2014. Even the project of forming Gwangju as cultural city is being normally driven. As for a case of implementing Asian art community, it analyzed the cases of founding and Korean-ASEAN traditional music orchestra, and of founding Asian dance group. Suggesting developmental plans for the exchange of Asian dance arts by having this case as prerequisite, they are as follows. First, it is a change of recognition into ``Asia`` from the center on the West. Second, there is a need of proceeding with supporting and expanding the exchange of dancers and private dance arts. Third, there is a need of being formed the nation-based joint work project and the joint creation with other genre. Fourth, it is the introduction of Asian Art Village Network. Finally, it is the implementation of database for exchanging Asian dance arts.


Objective To investigate the expressions of livin and survivin in colorectal carcinoma and the correlation between the two genes. Methods Forty cancer tissue specimens and adjacent cancer tissue specimens from patients with colorectal carcinoma that had been confirmed by pathological examination were used to investigate the expressions of livin and survivin by using a SP immunohistochemical method. The correlation between the two genes was analyzed by using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results The expressions of livin and survivin in colorectal carcinoma were found to be 75% and 70%,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in the adjacent cancer tissues( 20. 0% and 2. 5%)( P 0. 05). There was a correlation between livin and survivin expressions( P 0. 05). Conclusion Livin and survivin in colorectal cancer have a synergistic effect. Combined detection of protein expressions of livin and survivin has an important clinical significance.


Objective To observe the effect of combination therapy of partial closure with lidocaine and dexamethasone and hydropathic compress with potato to treat elderly patients with infusion extravasation.Methods 120 cases of elderly patients with infusion extravasation were evevly divided into the treatment group and control grouprandomly.All the csses recieved combination therapy of partial closure with lidocaine and dexamethasone and hydropathic compress with potato in the treatment group,while the Cases just treated with hydropathic compress with magnesium Sulfate.To compare the effect of the two treatments.Results The effect of the treatment group was superior to the control group(P<0.01).And the incidence of Phlebitis was significantly lower(P<0.01).Conclusion The effect of combination therapy of partial closure with lidocaine and dexamethasone and hydropathic compress with potato to treat elderly patients with infusion extravasation is obvious,and it can reduce the incidence of Phiebitis.

Key words:
Elderly Patients; Infusion Extravasation; Partial closure hydropathic compress; Phlebitis


carp's tongue sword and the winged celt. Of this last type there is an interesting specimen in the hoard (/), the wings being unusually developed, like some from Lake Bourget (Keller, Lake-dwellings, pi. cvin). It is of lighter make than most: the loop is small, and the casting none too good as there is a hole in the diaphragm, and the fracture may have been due to a fault at the waist. Two sword fragments (k) perhaps belonged to the same weapon, which is a degenerate form of the V pattern, a naturalized variety contemporary with the carp's tongue sword, about 800 B.C. Recent research has revealed many imports from eastern France, Switzerland, and south-west Germany (Antiq. Journ. ii, 31 ; iv, 223; Antiquity, 1929, 20); and an invasion of these shores has been postulated to account for Hallstatt finds in the Thames and elsewhere (R. C. H. M., Roman London, p. 12; Kendrick and Hawkes, Archaeology in England and Wales, 1914-31, p. 135). A few stray specimens of the Bronze Age found in the City are mentioned in V.C.H. London, p. 1; and the latest additions here illustrated came from a drain of which no details are recorded. It is not likely to be a recent introduction, and may rank as evidence that the site was visited, if not occupied, during the late Bronze Age.


Glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-D-as-partate type subunit 2B ( GRIN2B ) gene encodes GluN2B, a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is closely associated with human brain development [1]. GRIN2B -re-lated neurodevelopmental disorder presents as developmental delay or intellectual disability with other neurologic phenotypes, such as abnormal muscle tone, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder [2]. Early-onset findings include microcepha-ly, cortical malformation, and severe epileptic en-cephalopathy [3]. Pediatric use various diagnostic to identify nervous system abnormalities in children with developmental delay. example,


This paper presents a experimental study considers the effect of aggregate size &steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is a very important parameter reflecting the ability of concrete to deform elastically. Modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete is very important in avoiding excessive deformation, providing satisfactory serviceability, and avoiding the most cost-effective designs. The present experimental study considers the effect of aggregate size and steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Crimped steel fibers at volume fraction of 0%.0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were used. Study on effect of volume fraction of fibers and change of aggregate size on the modulus of elasticity of concrete was also deemed as an important part of present experimental investigation. This work aims in studying the mechanical behavior of concrete in terms of modulus of elasticity with the change of aggregate size reinforced with steel fibers of different series for M30 and M50 grade concretes. Keywords— Steel Fibers; Different Size of Aggregates; Compressive Test; Split Tensile Test; Cement; Water; Vibrator; Weighing


In fracture operation, fracture fluid would cause damage to the reservoirs and fracture conductivity, which di-rectly influences the effect of fracture reconstruction. A systematical study and experiments are carried out on the con-ductivity capacity damage to the reservoir and fractures from aspects of fracture fluid residues, filter cakes and uncom-plete demulsification and the physical damage of unproper selection of proppants to the fracture conductivity capaci-ty. Based on the result of the laboratory experiments, the damage of boron cross-link fracture fluid to the conductivity ca-pacity is discussed. The result shows that the study is of great significance to the selection of fracture fluids and tech-niques for its operation and to the improvement of fracture reconstruction effect in the fracture reconstruction.


This paper analyzes the performance of arbitrary nonlinear collusion attacks on random fingerprinting codes. We derive the error exponent of the fingerprinting system, which determines the exponential decay of the error probability. A Gaussian ensemble and an expurgated Gaussian ensemble of codes are considered. The collusion attacks include order-statistics attacks as special cases. In our model, a correlation detector is used. The colluders create a noise-free forgery by applying an arbitrary nonlinear mapping to their individual copies, and next they add a Gaussian noise sequence to form the final forgery. The colluders are subject to a mean-squared distortion constraint between host and forgery. We prove that the uniform linear averaging attack outperforms all others.


Of the various systems that we can actually observe in the physical world, some (e.g., the movement of small dust particles suspended in the air) appear to be perfectly random (or chaotic); whereas, others (e.g., the growth of leaved plants) exhibit a high degree of order and structure. Whenever scientists encounter a phenomenon or system that exhibits a significant evolution towards order, but without any observable reason for such movement, they suspect the cause to be the objective action of some unseen force (e.g., the unseen force of gravity that, in the presence of a large mass like the earth, causes the persistent downward movement of unsupported objects). Using this method, modern physics has now validated the existence of at least four basic forces (gravity, the strong and the weak nuclear forces, and electromagnetic force), and continues to examine the possibility that other, hitherto undetected, forces may exist. In 1921 'Abdu'l-Baha presented a cogent scientific argument for the existence of an objective, unseen force as the only reasonable explanation for the phenomenon of biological evolution. In the years since 'Abdu'l-Baha's proof was first published, the findings of science have tended to show that, indeed, the phenomenon of evolution represents a persistent movement from disorder towards order of the kind that strongly suggests the action of some unobservable force different from all other forces so far discovered. In this article, we present a somewhat detailed reformulation of 'Abdu'l-Baha's argument using certain contemporary scientific terms that were not current at the time 'Abdu'l-Baha wrote.


1986-87. Pages 139-166 in J. F. Voelzer, compiler. 1986. Productivity surveys of geese, swans, and brant wintering in North America 1983 to 1986. Part 1. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Off. of Migr. Bird Manage., Portland, Oreg. FREDERICK, R. B., W. R. CLARK, AND E. E. KLAAS. 1987. Behavior, energetics, and management of refuging waterfowl: a simulation model. Wildl. Monogr. 96. 35pp. OWEN, M. 1980. Wild geese of the world: their life history and ecology. B. T. Batsford, Ltd. London. 236pp. OWENS, N. W. 1977. Responses of wintering brent geese to human disturbance. Wildfowl 28:5-14. PREVErr, J. P., AND C. D. MACINNES. 1980. Family and other social groups in snow geese. Wildl. Monogr. 71. 46pp. RAVELING, D. G. 1969a. Roost sites and flight patterns of Canada geese in winter. J. Wildl. Manage. 33: 319-330. 1969b. Social classes of Canada geese in winter. J. Wildl. Manage. 33:304-318. . 1978. Dynamics of distribution of Canada geese in winter. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 43:206-225. 1979a. The annual energy cycle of the cackling Canada goose. Pages 81-93 in R. L. Jarvis and J. C. Bartonek, eds. Management and biology of Pacific Flyway geese. Oregon State Univ. Bookstores, Inc., Corvallis, Oreg. * 1979b. Traditional use of migration and winter roost sites by Canada geese. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:229-235. , W. E. CREWS, AND W. D. KLIMSmRA. 1972. Activity patterns of Canada geese during winter. Wilson Bull. 84:278-295. REEVES, H. M., H. H. DILL, AND A. S. HAWKINS. 1968. A case study on Canada goose management. The Mississippi Valley population. Pages 150-165 in R. L. Hine and C. Schoenfeld, eds. Canada goose management: current continental problems and programs. Dembar Educational Research Services, Inc. Madison, Wis. RUSCH, D. H., S. R. CRAVEN, R. E. TROST, J. R. CARY, R. L. DRIESLEIN, J. W. ELLIS, AND J. WETZEL. 1985. Evaluation of efforts to redistribute Canada geese. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 50: 506-524. SAUNDERS, G. B., AND D. C. SAUNDERS. 1981. Waterfowl and their wintering grounds in Mexico, 193764. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 138. 151pp. WILLIAMS, G., AND J. E. FORBES. 1980. The habitat and dietary preferences of dark-bellied brent geese and wigeon in relation to agricultural management. Wildfowl 31:151-157.


Background: Of all cases of Tuberculosis worldwide, India bears the major burden. Application of Mobile technology can prove to be a boon in complementing patient centric approach in otherwise hard to reach areas. This study envisagedto study the effects of "mHealth" interventions in TB patients a district with tough terrain but excellent literacy rates and avery high tele-density. Methods: A Randomized controlled trial design was adopted to study the effectiveness of"mHealth" interventions in the form SMS reminders and voice calls. The intervention arm received the messages in'Devanagri' script of the national language "Hindi" on their scheduled days of treatment and follow-up. Educational andreminder messages were also sent. Queries related to all aspects of treatment were received by the investigators through anadvertised mobile number. Patients enrolled in the comparison group were followed as per the usual DOTS program tillcompletion of treatment. The groups were compared in terms of treatment outcomes and number of doses and follow upsmissed. Results: Out of the 312 patients enrolled for the study, risk of adverse outcomes was 43% statistically lower inintervention group as compared to control group (OR; 95% CI: 0.57 (0.35-0.96)). Also the risk of >10% of missed dosesof treatment was 67% lower in intervention group (OR; 95% CI: 0.33 (0.12- 0.90)). Risk of missing more than two followups was 50% lower in intervention group. Conclusions: The study helps to build further evidence about the effective useof mobile technology in strengthening patient centric approach in TB management particularly in difficult to access areas.Software with system generated reminders incorporated into the existing NIKSHAY portal can be formulated to facilitateadherence. Availability of a dedicated "Counselling service" using voice calls may be incorporated to address patients"queries which will help improve adherence ultimately contributing to favourable outcomes.


There have been two recent reformulations of the equations for even-parity perturbations of general-relativistic stellar models, in both of which fluid perturbation variables are absent in the final set of equations. The recent reformulation by Chandrasekhar and Ferrari uses the diagonal coordinate gauge and leads to a fifth-order system of differential equations; we have recently presented a reformulation, based on the Regge-Wheeler coordinate gauge, which leads to a fourth-order system. The difference in the orders is similar to that for perturbations of Schwarzschild and of Reissner-Nordstroem black holes; in both cases the diagonal-gauge formulation led to a system one degree higher than that for equations based on the Regge-Wheeler gauge. For perturbations of holes, however, the equations could be reduced by one degree. We show that this is the case also for the Chandrasekhar-Ferrari equations for stellar perturbations. More important, we show that the extra degree of freedom, in all descriptions based on the diagonal gauge, is due to the fact that the diagonal gauge is an incomplete constraint on coordinates; a one degree of freedom set of gauge transformations can be made within the diagonal gauge. This previously unnoticed degree of freedom is responsible for the extra degree ofmore » freedom in the Chandrasekhar-Ferrari equations, and the related black-hole equations. It also provides an {ital a} {ital priori} solution with which those equations can be reduced.« less


This study investigated teaching and learning strategies, used by peer tutors in a Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) tutorial class, to enhance active and engaged learning. This study was conducted on tutorial classes that were linked to a BOH high impact module which many students found challenging. Peer tutors who are senior students in the Faculty of Dentistry led the tutorial classes. Tutorial classes refer to small group teaching which allow for one-on-one interaction and increased student engagement with a peer tutor. This study focused specifically on the tutors' unconscious use of semantic waves as a teaching and learning technique to unpack difficult BOH concepts. Semantic waves refer to building knowledge through the construction of recurring up and down movements in the semantic gravity (context-dependent) and the semantic density (condensation of meaning) of knowledge. The construction of knowledge moves from abstract to the concrete and vice-versa. This qualitative study made use of semi structured one-on-one and focus group interviews to collect data from the two BOH tutors and students in the tutorial class. The aim of the study was to investigate effective pedagogical strategies used by the tutors that enhanced students' understanding of abstract oral health concepts. The findings reveal that using semantic waves did assist students with their understanding of difficult concepts. The study also highlighted that the tutors unconscious use of creating 'semantic waves' to transform abstract knowledge into everyday particle examples followed a natural sequence of teaching and engaging with students. The tutors had the ability to use the semantic wave technique to build knowledge in oral health concepts but did not have the skills to move knowledge and meaning-making up the semantic wave to cumulative knowledge-building. It was evident that the tutors were unable to engage students in critical thinking and reconnecting with abstract concepts. The outcome from this study is valuable, as the findings have resulted in the restructuring of the institutional tutor-training workshop to include semantic-waves as a pedagogical strategy to improve student learning. This strategy will explicitly raise tutors' awareness about the importance of knowledge structures and it effectiveness in situated learning.


Online learning is a new policy from the minister of education and culture in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. It is the first time for english students in IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro do the online learning in speaking class. Speaking is one of the important skills learned in english language. In this era the technology is developing rapidly. Many applications that can support online learning, One of them is whatsapp. Whatsapp is a simple, secure, and reliable messaging application. This research discuss about students' perception on the use of whatsapp group in speaking class. The study aim to find out english students perception on the use of whatsapp group in speaking class and to find out english students challenges on the use of whatsapp group in speaking class. This research includes qualitative research with descriptive qualitative. The participant of this research was 35 students of the thirth semester of English Education Department academic year of 2020/2021 in IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro. The techniques of collecting data are interview, questionnaire and documentation. In this research researcher analyzed data by data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The result show that students perception on the use of whatsapp group in speaking class is less interesting and less effective. Their challenges on the use of whatsapp group are internet connection, feeling bored and lazy, difficult to understand the materials and the time is not according to the schedule. online learning using whatsapp group in speaking class needs more interesting learning activity.


This paper describes the development and execution of a data value assessment survey of data professionals and academics. Its purpose was to explore more effective data value assessment techniques and to better understand the perceived relative importance of data value dimensions for data practitioners. This is important because despite the current deep interest in data value, there is a lack of data value assessment techniques and no clear understanding of how individual data value dimensions contribute to a holistic model of data value. A total of 34 datasets were assessed in a field study of 20 organisations in a range of sectors from finance to aviation. It was found that in 17 out of 20 of the organisations contacted that no data value assessment had previously taken place. All the datasets evaluated were considered valuable organisational assets and the operational impact of data was identified as the most important data value dimension. These results can inform the community's search for data value models and assessment techniques. It also assists further development of capability maturity models for data value assessment and monitoring. This is to our knowledge the first publication of the underlying data for a multi-organization data value assessment and as such it represents a new stage in the evolution of evidence-based data valuation.


....................................................................................................7 Chapter 1Introduction 1.1 Purpose of Study......................................................................................8 1.2 Prevalence of Bullying...............................................................................8 1.3 Definitions of Bullying........................................................................................ 9 1.4 Types of Bullying.....................................................................................9 1.5 Psychological Impact of Bullying........................................................................11 1.6 Participant Roles of Bullying......................................................................12


The dimensions of manufacturing complexity are observable and measurable, and are strongly connected to information. The definition of manufacturing complexity provided in this paper is therefore geared towards using measurement and analysis for better system understanding, performance and control. The manner in which this conceptual definition of manufacturing complexity can be utilized to enhance the performance of a system is presented in the next section manufacturing systems for the production of many components and the operating system are very complex. This paper discusses the performance of the equipment with the complexity of the production process and describes the system environment is constantly changing; more complex we analyze the complexity of the change. Theoretical models of static information entropy and entropy terms of operating systems produced in the cellular manufacturing system. Finally, an example Leather factory in Mashhad is described to show the validity of the proposed method.


Problem statement. Nowadays, people are increasingly talking not about the progressive development of higher education in the context of the use of digital technologies, but about its more drastic digital transformation. The problem of identifying and systematizing patterns characterizing the development of universities in the context of the mass introduction of new digital technologies, as well as changes in external influences on student training systems, is urgent. The solution of this problem is significant for determining further scientific and pedagogical research, as well as ways to develop teacher training systems. The purpose of the study is to identify on the basis of domestic and foreign analytical data (OECD, UNESCO and others) directions, characteristics, problems and prospects of informatization of higher education. Methodology. The analysis of scientific publications on the development of didactics and the use of modern teaching tools in universities is based on the study of the species composition and specifics of existing digital resources, the use of mathematical methods for processing numerical data and technologies for their visualization. Results. It is shown that modern informatization of higher education is characterized by the spread of online courses, collections of digital resources, a decrease in the number of computer equipment in universities, the penetration of technologies of the new industrial revolution and many other factors. The development of a fundamental component of higher education that is invariant with respect to the development of technologies, the preparation of students for the use of promising technologies in professional activities, the pooling of resources into a single digital educational environment are significant. Conclusion. Research should be continued to ensure and evaluate the quality of all types of learning tools, to identify theoretical and practical approaches to the integration and unification of disparate information systems. There is a need for a scientifically based substantive and methodological update of the systems of training and retraining of all specialists working in the conditions of digital transformation of higher education.


Essential signs of an industrial example «Stand for comparative heat-technical tests of electric heaters of water», causing features of physical appearance, are considered.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: presentation associatively related to a basic service and an additional presentation associatively related to an additional service are received. Also the devices and methods include provision for a channel set up in the device, where the set up channel is based on the combination of at least part of the basic service with at least part of the additional service. EFFECT: possibility of content distributors customising content presented to their subscribers when on service is offered by several content distributors. 51 cl, 21 dwg


This paper investigates the orderly recruitment of pneumatic artificial muscles for efficient torque production in a robotic manipulator. Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are arranged in a parallel bundle, and independently-controlled "motor units" are employed to imitate the structure and function of human skeletal muscle. Simulated cycling tests are conducted on a model of the robotic manipulator to quantify the benefits of variable recruitment, and experimental testing is performed to validate the simulated predictions. Results reveal a distinct relationship between recruitment and system efficiency. Key factors influencing the value of a variable recruitment strategy include nonlinear PAM bladder elasticity, pneumatic losses, and dissipative forces in the robotic joint. Recruitment guidelines are proposed to maximize efficiency over a range of payload masses. The potential challenges associated with maintaining smooth motion control during discrete transitions in recruitment are also identified and discussed.


To counter the left influences in the pre-war American and world youth congresses and the communist domination of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, founded in 1945, leaders of youth organisations in the USA and Britain set up national and international agencies for the development of youth work and the involvement of young people to promote democracy and human rights. Such agencies needed extensive funds, which were eventually liberally provided by the CIA. Generational conflict in the 1960s finally exposed this, but the State Department continued financial support. From the beginning, young American delegates argued for the democratic control of World Assembly of Youth (WAY) by young people, thus directing generational conflict to the international arena, which suited US government agendas. Government withdrew its financial support when WAY no longer served its purposes and the United States Youth Council (USYC) rationalised its withdrawal by accusing WAY of no longer being committed to democracy and human rights. The USYC became more narrowly based and subject to government agendas, which prompted Congress to withdraw funds. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the dominance of New Right agendas removed the likelihood of renewed support.


It's official. On August 1, 2016, the National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists (NBCRNA) launched its Continued Professional Certification (CPC) Program, ushering in a new era of recertification for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). Details about the program, including Class A and Class B requirements, timelines, Core Modules, the examination, and more information, can be found at the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) website (http:// cpc-facts.aana.com) and the NBCRNA website (www.nbcrna.com).


In the opinion of the abstract expressionist artists, the process of painting and drawing is the specific reflection of artist's anxious state of mind and his psychological activities. There is no necessity to solve the philosophical and dialectical proposition in terms of the literary language of narration. The drawing and painting itself is individual and integrated process of life. The painting of abstract expressionism reflects human's selfconsciousness and selfsurpass.


When reading the keywords of the different articles: leadership, training, participation, educational transformation, accompaniment, follow-up, reflection, way of proceeding, organization, management, identity, ethics of care, pedagogy, spirituality, social movement ... I imagine how in the story of the House taken from Cortazar, to these words that, when combined in actions, enter the rooms of the different curricula, the classrooms, patios and recesses, the very pedagogical and technical innovations.


The classical Indian dance, Bharatanātyam, developed from the South Indian temple dance, called Catir or Dāsī Attam. Caused by external political influences the importance of sacral institutions diminished in South India in the nineteenth century and gradually caused a social marginalization of the temple dancers (devadāsī), until sacral dancing in the temples was abolished in 1947. In the course of the Indian national liberation movement during the first half of the twentieth century there was a reconsideration of the Indian cultural and artistic heritage. The brahmanic elite in the thirties saved the dance from its ghetto thus enabling its unexpected renaissance on the secular concert stage. A new tradition was established for the classical dance now renamed Bharatanātyam. Around 1980 however, criticism of its rigid structure, its traditional topics and its elitarian ways of teaching and presentation as well as of the social situation of women as dancers and as those represented by the dance grew stronger. After decades of total secularization of Bharatanātyam a nostalgic new rapprochement to the devadāsī-tradition took place in the shape of a symbolic transfer into present day dancing practice of some details from the former temple ritual.


The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the water quality evolution in a water park, determining deterioration levels and probable causes, in this study were analyzed different parameters determining the presence of microorganisms, to propose water quality control systems for these establishments. As study zone was chosen the Morelos State, Mexico, which has four water parks. The study analyzed one of these parks, dividing the study as follow: Phase 1) Sampling of water in and out of the park, analyzing physicochemical and microbiological parameters; and Phase 2) Operational evaluation in six pools of water Park, assessing the electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, color, turbidity and residual chlorine. The results were compared with Mexican Official Standards, determining whether there is deterioration in the quality of the resource in the operational processes of the parks. The Phase 1 gave as results raised levels in fats and oils (19.0 mg/L), color (100 UPt-Co), fecal coliforms (1.15 · 10 4 NMP/100 mL) and total


during aerosol formation that are produced in large enough concentrations to obtain an isotopic fractionation measurement. Effect of Titan-like aerosol formation on δC of major gas phase products. S.T. Wieman, M.S. Ugelow, V. Da Poian, M.C. Roach, J.C. Stern, M.G. Trainer. Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 University Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046 Southeastern Universities Research Association, Washington, DC 20005 Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523


Starting with 15,16-dihydro-11-methoxycyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one, the isomeric 15- and 16-keto analogues have been synthesised along with all three isomeric secondary alcohols, the trans-16,17-diol and a number of other derivatives, some of which are metabolites of the title compound.


Information security is a continuously changing discipline that requires continuous adaptation to new and ever-changing information security threats, countermeasures and the global business landscape. This calls for decision makers to become vigilant in their spending and move towards an optimised information security investment. This paper gives a brief overview on the economics of information security and discusses related work on information security investment. The main aim of this paper is to provide decision makers with a set of requirements to be considered when implementing a cost-effective and optimal information security budget; in a manner that preserve organisations' information security posture and compliance status.


The benefits of breastfeed- ing for the first 6 months are well established for both the typically and atypically developing infant. As the infant develops, complementary foods are introduced to provide nutrients that breast milk can no longer provide in quantities sufficient to meet nutri- ent needs. Breastfeeding beyond a year continues to confer significant health, emotional, and cognitive benefits, yet for the vulnerable child, the nurs- ing process may interfere with estab- lishing appropriate solid food intake and weight gain. Vulnerable toddlers include those more likely to have early feeding problems: children with reflux, constipation, allergies, or sensory pro- cessing issues. Social-emotional con- cerns presenting in parent or child may influence the toddler's frequency of nursing and the mother's milk supply. The clinician should be aware of the potential risk for breastfeeding to inter- fere with solid food intake when medi- cal or developmental concerns reduce interest in complementary foods. Social supports for parent and child as well as more intensive management of nurs- ing allow for both breastfeeding to con- tinue and appropriate complementary food intake.


The publication presents the result of research, which are focused on the development the scenarios of changes environmental factors, which determine development opportunity of hard coal mining enterprise, and in particular the coal mines, which belong to this enterprise. The objective of development the scenarios was to identify possible opportunities and threats, to which should be prepared the mines, to stay on the market and effectively function in the future.