Purpose. To determine the incidence of type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis (according to the Fourth Universal Defi nition) and the features of patient management in real clinical practice.Material and Methods. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing the case histories of 153 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Inclusion criteria were the presence of ACS at admission followed by a confi rmed diagnosis of MI during the hospital period according to the Fourth Universal Defi nition of MI and the age of patients > 18 years. Patients with severe comorbidities aff ecting the immediate prognosis and/or being an alternative to the diagnosis of MI were not included in the study.Results. The study showed that emergency coronary angiography was performed in 151 patients (98.7%). A decrease in the renal fi ltration function in the presence of chronic kidney disease was a contraindication to this study found in 1.3% of cases; 12 (8%) patients did not have coronary artery disease or had stenoses of less than 50%; these patients comprised the group of patients with type 2 MI. While analyzing the results of examination in patients with type 2 MI, ST segment elevation was detected in seven patients (58.4%) according to electrocardiography; ST segment depression was observed in one patient (8.3%); complete left bundle-branch block was found also in 1 case (8.3%), three individuals (25%) did not have any changes in the position of ST segment, but had a negative T wave. Analysis of possible etiological factors in the development of type 2 MI showed the presence of sinus tachycardia in two patients (16.7%), severe sinus bradycardia in one patient (8.3%), fl utter paroxysm and atrial fi brillation with tachysystole throughout the ventricles in two patients (16.7%), and history of atrial fi brillation in one patient (8.3%).Conclusion. Type 2 MI was diagnosed in 8% of patients with ACS with and without ST segment elevation where cardiac arrhythmias including sinus arrhythmias may be the potential etiological factors. Limited capabilities of assessing the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery including that in the presence of plaque thrombosis represent a signifi cant negative factor for establishing diagnosis in routine clinical practice.


This paper briefly introduces the data mining technology, and in detail analyzes association rule mining algorithm and the application of computer optional course in higher education, which includes four steps: data preparation and selection, data preprocessing, selection of the mining algorithm and the implementation, description of the mining results, acquires some useful rules information and obtains certain good application results, these information can assist related departments to allocate teaching resources reasonably and make corresponding decisions.


In this work, we deal with surgical scheduling problem including the hospitalization stage before and after surgery in addition to pre-surgery, surgery and post-surgery stages. The problem is considered as a four stages hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with recirculation, resource synchronization, and no wait/ blocking constraints. It consists of assigning surgery patients to different resources and determining their sequencing over a one day period, while taking into account different temporal and resources constraints. The objective is to minimize the patients' average length of stay (LOS) in the hospital. To deal with this problem, we provided two meta-heuristics; Iterated Local Search (ILS) and hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA).


Abstract This paper interprets some of the complex energy transducing reactions of lipoprotein biochemical membranes in terms of macromolecular science. The processes considered involve ion (or electron)-exchange membrane reactions. Dilation of the membrane through osmosis and electrostatic repulsion at the exchange sites are opposed by a contraction which is postulated to arise from the presence of rubber like lipid bilayers. A change in the elasticity of the membrane alters the dilation-contraction equilibrium and modifies the ion interaction energies at the exchange sites. The elasticity is regulated by swelling interactions of the bilipids with control substances and, in some systems, by reversible cross-linking reactions. The latter can involve thioester cross-links, formed in reversible reactions with ATP, or various types of salt-links formed in association with ion concentration gradients across the membrane. Energized formation of the cross-links can oppose the dilation and change the ion selecti...


Neosporosis is a disease caused by Neospora caninum, considered a major cause of abortion, responsible for major economic losses and sanitary problems in cattle creations. This study was performed to search for anti-Neospora caninum IgG antibodies in dairy cows. Blood serum samples were obtained from 533 cows from 13 municipalities in the state of Pernambuco. For the detection of antibodies was used the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). IFAT was possible to determine a positivity of 6.4% (34/533). The results demonstrate the presence of infection by Neospora caninum in different regions of the state of Pernambuco.


A rapid, accurate and simple method for cyanide determination using microdiffusion as a separation technique, followed by potentiometric measurement of CN– in the inner chamber of a microdiffusion cell is proposed. The optimum conditions for potentiometric measurement of CN– in the microdiffusion cell (stirring, response time and effect of polishing the ion-selective electrode membrane) were studied at different concentrations of cyanide. The precision, linear response of the electrode against CN– concentration and detection limit were established. The conditions for microdiffusion (temperature, time and pH of HCN released in the outer chamber) were also studied at different CN– concentrations. The optimum conditions determined for the microdiffusion process were 25 °C, 2 h and pH 5.The calibration graph for the cyanide electrode was linear between 10–3 and 10–6M CN–. The detection limit obtained was 0.018 mg l–1 of CN–. The reproducibility of the electrode response for 1.76 mg l–1 of CN– was 1.97%(relative standard deviation).The method may be used in water analysis, for the determination of "free cyanide," and for the determination of CN– in solid or liquid samples that are able to liberate HCN under the microdiffusion conditions established.


1. Rates of embryonic and post-embryonic development for Bythotrephes cederstroemi from Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan are represented almost equally well by three empirical models across water temperatures ranging from about 12‐22 °C, but at lower temperatures two of the competing models fail and an exponential development rate model proves most robust. 2. Clutch masses of parthenogenic females can greatly exceed the tissue mass of the mother. Clutch size is strongly correlated with the mass of reproductive adults, accounting for over 90% of the variation among individuals. Hence, the mass gain from neonate to reproductive adult can be estimated directly from clutch size. 3. Tissue stoichiometries, respiration quotients and stoichiometries of C and N metabolism were determined experimentally, extending the predictions of existing respiration and growth models. 4. A predictive model for growth and production by the invertebrate predator has advantages over previous model formulations owing to our expanded calibration data base. The model is presented in a modular design that is easily upgraded as additional calibration data become available.


Accurate modeling of potential functions is critical for realistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this study, improvement in potential functions is discussed by revisiting the multistate empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) method and the FUJI force field. The MS-EVB method enables simulation of dynamic chemical reactions in various situations. In this study, excess protons in water under shear were investigated by combining the MS-EVB method with the non-equilibrium MD technique. It was found that the orientation of the hydronium-like moiety is considerably more anisotropic under shear than that of the water molecule. Separately, the FUJI force field includes main-chain torsional parameters carefully derived on the basis of high-level ab initio calculations. To further demonstrate that the use of the FUJI force field improves the accuracy of MD results beyond previously reported examples, the conformational distribution of the Ala dipeptide was investigated. The results obtained using the FUJI force field agreed more closely with the experimental results than those obtained using other standard force fields. Interestingly, the MD trajectories with the FUJI force field undergo the Y conformation more frequently than those with other popular force fields. Furthermore, it was found that the choice of force field affects the structures of an antigen–antibody complex obtained using MD simulations. These improvements in the force fields essentially extend the range of applications for the MD simulation method.


In the preceding chapters we have discussed the bilingual individual's language development and behaviour. We have insisted all along that the roots of this behaviour are to be found in social interactions which occur in social networks; both are embedded in broader social structures, such as groups, classes, etc. In the present chapter we analyse, from a social psychological perspective, the relationships between the individual and the sociocultural group or groups around him when two or more languages are in contact. More specifically we focus on the following: the relationship between language and culture (Section 8.1); the development of ethnolinguistic identity (Section 8.2); bilinguality and ethnolinguistic identity (Section 8.3); bilinguality, perceptions and attitudes (Section 8.4) and the social psychological aspects of L 2 acquisition (Section 8.5). The bilingual's development and behaviour cannot be considered independently from society, its structure and its cultural dimension. It must be borne in mind that the development of language, and hence of bilinguality, is part and parcel of the socialisation process through which a child becomes a member of a given social group (see Section 4.1.1). The psychological mechanisms which result from this process should therefore be analysed within the framework of society and of the cultures in which they develop. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE All definitions of culture agree that language is an important part of culture. There is a consensus that culture is a complex entity which comprises a set of symbolic systems, including knowledge, norms, values, beliefs, language, art and customs, as well as habits and skills learned by individuals as members of a given society.


Objective
To evaluate the economy of closed infusion of human albumin injection (albumin) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from the perspective of the risk of hospital-acquired infections.

Methods
The data of albumin use in ICU patients in 6 hospitals and the data on hospitalization expenses of patients with catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSI) and matched patients without CRBSI in 15 hospitals in Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi, and etc. were collected. Prices of albumin with open or closed infusion system were obtained from Beijing pharmaceutical purchasing platform. A cost-benefit analysis model was established by TreeAge Pro software and the total hospitalization costs of albumin with different infusion system in ICU patients were compared. The robustness of the results was verified by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability analysis.

Results
When the prices of closed and open infusion of albumin were 424 and 420 yuan respectively, compared with open infusion of albumin, the annual cost of closed infusion of albumin in an ICU would increase by 15 243 yuan (1 615 702 yuan vs. 1 600 477 yuan). However, 1.93 patients with CRBSI (0.94 patients vs. 2.86 patients) would be reduced. The treatment cost of one patient with CRBSI was 53 654 yuan, so 103 016 yuan (50 201 yuan vs. 153 646 yuan) would be saved. Finally, total hospitalization cost of 88 202 yuan (1 665 921 yuan vs. 1 754 123 yuan) would be saved. It was showed by single factor sensitivity analysis that the difference in the price between closed and open infusion of albumin was the key factor affecting the economy. When the price difference was less than 27 yuan, the total hospitalization cost of closed infusion of albumin was lower than that of open albumin infusion. The probability analysis showed that the results are relatively robust.

Conclusion
Based on the existing models and parameters, it is more economical for ICU patients to use closed infusion of albumin than open infusion, but the result is easily affected by the price difference between the 2 kinds of albumin.

Key words:
Albumins; Drug packaging; Cross infection; Intensive care units; Economics, pharmaceutical


Aim In order to research immunogenicity of the mixture of protein vaccine and DNA vaccine against foot and mouth disease.Method The CDR3 region of swine IgG H chain was replaced by nucleotide acid fragment encoded peptides containing the two copies of amino acid residues 141 160 and one copy of amino acid residues 200 213 of VP1 of FMDV type O to form fusion gene.The fusion gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28b and eukaryotic vector pCDM 8 to construct protein vaccine pET28b FH and DNA vaccine pCDM FH against FMDV,respectively.Pigs were instramuscularly immunized with individual protein vaccine and DNA vaccine and their mixture sperately only one time.Results The time that pigs was got disease were postponed and lesion degree of pigs was alleviated after protein vaccine and DNA vaccine inoculated respectively pigs were challenged.Clinic symptoms in the mixture of protein and DNA vaccine immunized pigs in the same as the one of pigs in negative control group post challenged.Conclusion The immunogenicity of the mixture of the DNA vaccine and protein vaccine is weaker than the solo DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.The immune methods need to be further improved.


Headache is perhaps one of the commonest symptoms in all level of medical practice. Though most of the time it is very benevolent in nature. Yet, it may be the presenting symptom of a serious or/and life threatening disorder like meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke or brain tumor. It is this dual significance the one benign, the other potentially malignant that keeps the physician on the alert. This is a random prospective study of 120 cases of headache truly reflecting the sufferings of the victims of headache approaching the ENT specialists for the purpose to determine the exact cause of headache and get a satisfactory treatment.


F'or the purpose of a single lecture we will attempt today to consider somewhat briefly the relation which exists between religion and ethics. Perhaps some of you have thought this relation so simple and so self-evident as to make such a lecture as this superfluous: It will therefore be fitting to note first of all that man's thinking along these lines is oftimes far from clear and is certainly not agreed. Some time ago the brilliant son of brilliant Baptist parents, in the pride of sophomoric wisdom laid down the dictum that the minister of the Gospel is merely au ethical teacher. In other words he identified religion and ethics. It might be thought that he was only a college sophomore, one skilled in foolishness, and that he would learn better after he got out into the world and made contact with real life. But many do not learn better. There are other men today who suppose that our forefathers thought of Christianity as a set of dogmas to which we must give mental assent, and that this religion, which is not merely an ethical system and yet has a deep ethical significance, has never been adequately expressed in morals-nay, that its ethical significance has never been grasped or appreciated until this present day; which seems to mean that the ethical significance of Christianity is a discovery of these modern times. Again there are others who, like Dr. Durant Drake, think of religion as the" flower and consummation" of ethics ;* which would seem to imply that religion has bef:ll


Shooting games underwent several transformations throughout their long history. However, the use of light guns in shooting games has not experienced significant development in the last decade. This article proposes a laser capture solution to achieve a new interaction with regular point and click shooting games. For that, we developed an intermediate solution that can adapt gameplay with no need to modify the original games. We used four different games to evaluate the proposed solution: two titles explicitly developed to test the model, and two commercially published third-party games. We tried different weapons (toys, airsoft, 3D printed etc.), and sowed that the obtained results were very satisfactory. No loss of performance was observed in the games - all the tested games ran stably at 60 FPS. Moreover, the players did not notice any lag between the gun shot and the corresponding mouse click performed by the system.


The authors provide theoretical substantiation of the development of foreign language culture awareness in gifted students in the educational space of school. The article also clarifies and complements the concept of 'developing a foreign culture awareness'. It identifies pedagogical conditions, forms and methods of work with gifted students in foreign language learning, and presents the experimental part which confirms the effectiveness of the pedagogical conditions.


In ancient times,the pond referred to a main irrigation works in the reach of the Huai River,which played a comprehensive role in irrigation,aquaculture and river network.The Wild-goose-halting Pond found its earliest record in "The History of the Han Dynasty".In times of the West and East Han Dynasties,the pond belonged to the prefecture of Runan and grealy influenced the development of current agricultural production.However,its record in the later documents was a great confusion.An obvious lost article was found in The Book of Waterways but the records in The Geographical Volume of The History of the Sui Dynasty and The Illustrated Annuals of Yuanhe County were contradicted with that in The Book of Waterways.The paper attempts to re-interpret the temporal and spatial connection in historical documents by reviewing former results so as to elaborate the geographical outline of the Wild-goose-halting Pond in history.The study shows that the records in The Book of Waterways and in The Annuals of the Sui Dynasty make little difference.By compensating for the record in The Book of Waterways and analyzing the distribution of the ancient remains.The historical location of "the Wild-goose-halting Pond" should be in an area east of the Xicheng-Xincai Railway,anong the Rushui River,Shenshui River and the Huaishui River.


List Of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Doing It Yourself: Direct Action Currents In Contemporary Radical Activism 2. Tracking The Hegemony Of Hegemony: Classical Marxism And Liberalism 3. Tracking The Hegemony Of Hegemony: Postmarxism And The New Social Movements 4. Utopian Socialism Then ... 5. ... And Now 6. Ethics, Affinity, And The Coming Communities 7. Conclusion: Utopian Socialism Again And Again Notes References


The objective of this study is to analyze stability and viscoelasticity of lunibosacroiliac complex and to provide data to relative biomechanical analysis and clinic pelvic operations. Six cadaveric specimens of the third lumbar vertebra to the proximal 1/3 part of femur were used in present study, fixed on special bench. The specimens had no structural abnormality and all the soft tissues were dissected, reserving the hip joint capsules and the ligaments of the pelvic ring and floor. Markers with black dots against white background were used to mark the key points of the pelvis. Axial loadings from the proximal lumbar were applied by MTS in the gradient of ON to 500 N. Images of the front and lateral views were obtained using two CCD cameras.Using image J software, we calculated relative falling distance of L5, abducent degree of pelvic coronal plane and rotational degree of pelvic vertical plane by measuring the marker's movement. Under a vertical load of 500 N, the average relative falling distance of L5 was (1.157plusmn0.794) mm, the average abducent degree of pelvic coronal plane was (0.370plusmn0.260)deg and the average rotational degree of pelvic vertical plane was (1.051plusmn1.728)deg. Common pelvic specimen has satisfactory stability and shows viscoelastic property of lumbosacroiliac complex by using digital marker tracing method combined with the center-of-mass algorithm.


Paralleled DC/DC converters can achieve the expansion of capacity limberly,enhance the reliability of the whole power system and realize large capacity,high efficiency and low cost of the distribution resource.The current-sharing is one of the key technologies in Paralleled DC/DC converters to distribute the load current equally.Common current-sharing technologies are divided into passive and active methods.With different kinds of output voltage regulation and different means of current sharing line production,several control methods are proposed in the active methods.The principle of current sharing technologies and main current-sharing methods are systematically analyzed,some new current-sharing methods which include masterless modular current-sharing(MMCS) technique and no current share line control are summarized.The technology of current sharing tends toward the direction of digitalization and intellectualization with digital control.


A feedback linearization based control is employed for the rigid link model of a robot having joint flexibility and the effect of joint flexibility is treated as a disturbance. A novel Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) is then used to estimate the disturbance to robustify the feedback linearizing controller. As only motor side variables are used in controller, the number of sensors are reduced. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the design, numerical simulations are carried out by considering parametric uncertainties and joint flexibility and the results are presented.


SUMMARY
In a series of four pot experiments single plants of kale and sugar beet or wheat were grown alone and with sixteen plants of several different weed species for from 7 to 11 weeks. Two levels of nitrogen were included.

The effects of different weeds on dry-weight growth of the crop plants were used as a measure of their competitive abilities. The results from each experiment were corrected on the basis of the effects of Chenopodium album, which was included as a standard in all experiments. The order of competitive abilities obtained was: with kale, first Sinapis arvensis, then Polygonum convolvulus and Alopecurus myosuroides, then Chenopodium album, Polygonum uviculure and P. persicaria, followed by Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, and finally Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Veronica perszca and Anagallis arvensis; with wheat, a similar order, but Polygonum convolvulus had less competitive ability than Alopecurus and about the same as Chenopodium and P. aviculure, and Matricaria had about the same value as Veronica.

The effect of nitrogen on kale and on sugar beet was statistically significant, but on wheat it was significant in only one experiment. Weed effects generally were not significantly decreased by high nitrogen; the effects of Sinapis on kale, and of Chenopodium on wheat were increased, The leaf nitrogen percentage of kale and sugar beet was greatly increased by high nitrogen, but usually only slightly affected by weeds; nitrogen deficiency seems not to have been the sole cause of the weed effects. In two experiments with wheat, although high soil nitrogen increased the leaf nitrogen percentage of plants with weeds, it had little effect on their leaf dry weight, so that competition for nitrogen appeared non-effective. In a third experiment Alopecurus and Sinapis both appeared to compete with wheat for nitrogen.

In spite of the greater number of weeds per pot, their yields were usually decreased by adding a single indicator plant to their pots. Those weeds were least affected which themselves most reduced the growth of the indicators.

The method used is judged to give results similar to those that might be found in the field, and to have advantages over alternative methods for estimating the relative importance of weeds as competitors of crops.


As part of ongoing research concerning the use of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., as indicators of environmental radionuclide contamination, samples of water, flowers, and honey bees were collected for 2 consecutive years. The samples were collected within a study site containing radionuclide contamination above background levels. The samples were analyzed for concentrations of radionuclide's, and the results were compared using rank sum, correlation, and trend analysis. Results were then used to assess the redistribution pathway of radionuclide's within the study site. Results indicate that honey bees receive the majority of their contamination directly from the source, a radioactive waste lagoon. The amount of contamination the honey bees receive from flowers during nectar collection appears to be insignificant compared to the amount received during water collection. Results did not demonstrate significant patterns of correlation or trend between the lagoon, bees, or flowers. Sample results showed a significant boo accumulation of cobalt-60 and sodillm-22 within the honey bees but no significant boo accumulation within the flowers.


Liquid wax (wet wax) is a source of heat energy and lighting produced from palm oil to provide illumination where needed. The need for candles is used for lighting the environment, the place, and the heating of the objects for need. The manufacture of liquid candles is to provide the base oil of crude palm oil mixed evenly in the melting point of solid paraffin. Paraffin and CPO are melted together and placed, then cooled. The wax ignition process produces heat and light. Results that can be shown with a comparison between palm oil and solid paraffin will produce hardness, texture, and flame ignition. With 50 grams of paraffin, 50 gr CPO and 1 kg of oxygen (1: 5) of the fuel of 250 gr O 2 , will produce 1300 gr CO 2 , 1175gr H 2 O, -1487,5 gr O 2 and 940 gr N 2 . Different paraffin granules, will produce the same product in energy balance, while the value of N 2 remains. Experimental value from mixing CPO and paraffin by 50 gr: 50 gr yielding entropy generation (S gen) and CPO wax exudo of 257.16 kJ / kmol.K and 77,918.67 kJ/kmol and its value decreases based on paraffin administration


This paper presents EXEMED v2, a system that allows the evaluation of clinical practice guideline indicators. EXEMED v2 includes a knowledge base that supports the definition of executable rules applied over Electronic Health Records EHR in order to measure its compliance with a specific clinical guideline. Taking into account that an EHR may include structured attributes and narrative text attributes, EXEMED v2 analyzes both types. The process of evaluation in EXEMED v2 is to define the rules; once the rules are defined EXEMED v2 extracts from the EHR the facts that allow evaluating whether each one of them was accomplished or not. This evaluation includes different levels of certainty, allowing in some cases the interaction of a human evaluator to confirm or not automatic evaluation decisions. The functionality of EXEMED v2 was validated applying it in a case study of Acute Myocardial Infarction.


In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the concept of civil society in development and governance circles. Broadly understood as the space in society where collective citizen action takes place, civil society has, in fact, proved an extremely difficult concept to define and operationalise. This article proposes a framework and methodology for measuring and comparing the state of different civil societies around the world. It concludes with a discussion of outstanding questions and challenges, drawing on preliminary insights from current efforts to apply the approach in more than 50 countries.


The objective of this research is to observe public transport user attitude due to the introduction of a new public transport system. A binomial logit model, based on stated preference (SP) data, has been developed as a tool to analyze people attitude toward the proposed new system. Data of public transport user based on SP method was collected along the proposed corridor of Jakarta Busway system. Travel time and travel cost are considered as the main variables compared with other collected data for the developed utility function. Based on the characteristics of model parameters, and different service strategies offered, people perception, and their probability of selecting the proposed system is observed. The results show that different people perception, and their probability of choosing better service, as expected, is occurred. Yet, from the model, it is also shown that not all public transport users is always shifted to the new and better system due to several reasons.


'Xueli' tomato was used as test material,the regulating effects of different concentrations of DPC at different stages on establishing stage growth of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied.The results showed that the stem height and internode length under first flowers were smallest,and the effect of inhibit spindling was best,and the fruit setting rate,fruit weight,plot yield were the highest under the treatment of roots irrigating once with 100 mg/L DPC before planting 2 d and foliar spraying once with 100 mg/L DPC after planting 4 d had smallest the flowers.But effect of inhibit spindling was bad,and the fruit setting rate,fruit weight,plot yield were the lowest with the treatment of foliar spraying once with 50 mg/L DPC after planting 4 d,which had no significant difference with control.Overall,the effects of inhibit spindling and increase yield with DPC root irrigating treatment were significantly better than those with foliar spraying treatment,meanwhile the effect of DPC root irrigating treatment before planting were significantly better than treatment after planting.For DPC concentration,the effect inhibit spindling and increase yield of 100 mg/L treatment were significantly better than 50 mg/L,and the effect of twice treatment were significantly better than once.The effect of inhibit spindling was better with 100 mg/L DPC root irrigating before planting 2 d and foliar spraying once with 100 mg/L DPC after planting 4 d.compared with foliar spraying once with 100 mg/L DPC after planting 4 d,the effect of inhibition stem height under first flower increased by 48.3% and yield increased 23.5% with 100 mg/L DPC root irrigating before plant 2 d.


THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES the quality of childcare centres in urban Australian communities designated according to different bands of Centre Location Demographics (CLD). Childcare centres were assessed using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Revised Edition (ECERS-R) and the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale – Extension (ECERS-E). Statistically significant differences were seen in quality on total scores across the five CLD areas. On both scales, middle and partially disadvantaged areas were identified as having substantial disadvantage in terms of childcare centre quality. The provision, and potential impact, of quality regulation and accreditation for childcare centres is discussed.


zation and information about commonly used indices such as the Glasgow Coma Scale and Rancho Los Amigos scores are not provided. The author provides brief descriptions of many of the typical healthcare specialists, but psychological services are not mentioned even though the author describes a variety of psychological responses and problems in the book. In Fairclough's case, his occupational therapists addressed psychological issues that a psychotherapist might have addressed in a different setting. Two unique features of the book include a chapter about issues related to placing the TBI survivor in a rehabilitation facility (similar to a nursing home or skilled care facilities in the USA) that is remarkably sensitive to the caregiver's view. The book also includes a section on alternative medical approaches to managing TBI symptoms, which include herbs, massage, aromatherapy, homeopathic and naturopathic remedies, and 'muscle testing', which appears to be similar to bodywork techniques. Despite its shortcomings, Fairclough's offering gives readers a glimpse in the life of a man and his family who, with grace, optimism and persistence, found a way to negotiate life following brain trauma. Living with Brain Injury's brevity, low-key, self-effacing style and male viewpoint will appeal to many readers.


Particle interferometry based on the Hanbury-Brown Twiss (HBT) effect has long been used to measure the size of an emission source [1]. In heavy ion collisions, it has been suggested that the HBT study can provide information not only on the spatial extent of the emission source but also on its expansion velocity and emission duration [2–5]. In particular, the long emission time as a result of the phase transition from the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to lead to an emission source which has a much larger radius in the direction of the total transverse momentum of detected two particles (Rout) than that perpendicular to both this direction and the beam direction (Rside) [5–7]. Since the quark-gluon plasma is expected to be formed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC, it is thus surprising to find that the extracted ratio Rout/Rside from a Gaussian fit to the measured two-pion correlation function in Au+Au collisions at √ s = 130A GeV is close to one [8–10]. Also, the extracted radius parameters are small compared to theoretical predictions based on the hydrodynamical model [6]. These experimental results, especially the small value of Rout/Rside, have been attributed to strong space-time and momentum correlations in the emission source [11]. In this letter, a multiphase transport model (AMPT) [12–15], that includes both initial partonic and final hadronic interactions, is used to study the pion interferometry in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC at √ s = 130A GeV. The AMPT model is a hybrid model that uses the minijet partons from hard processes and the strings from soft processes in the HIJING model [16] as the initial conditions for modeling the collision dynamics. The time evolution of partons is then modeled by the ZPC [17] parton cascade model. At present, this model includes only parton-parton elastic scatterings with an in-medium cross section given by:


Food stamp participation rates vary substantially from state to state. This report looks at the two factors most likely to cause this variation—the characteristics of those eligible to receive food stamps, as well as the economic and policy conditions, in each state. The authors found that differences across states in the characteristics of those eligible to participate contribute to differences in participation rates. However, these differences are not the only explanation for variation in state participation rates—even if the characteristics of those eligible to receive food stamps were identical from state to state, participation rates would still vary. However, there is little evidence that this remaining variation is explained by differences in state economic and policy conditions.


Introduction: Diabetes education is essential for adequate control of the disease, insisting on changing lifestyle that includes compliance with nutritional recommendations, increased physical activity and selfmonitoring. Objective: Evaluation of level of knowledge and adherence to nutritional therapy and its relation to metabolic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Endocrinology service of Ciudad Hospitalaria Dr. Enrique Tejera (CHET), 2014. Methodology: It was designed an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study whose population consisted of 370 people attending in the Endocrinology service at the CHET between August and September 2014, 146 patients with diagnosis of DM type 2 were selected and They answered a survey on the knowledge and application of nutritional plan for diabetic people and taking blood pressure and laboratory to evaluate metabolic control. Results: The mean age was 59.68 ± 10.44 years, with a predominance of female sex and an average of 10 years with the disease. Knowledge of the nutritional plan was high (63%) and intermediate (37%), however prevailed those without nutritional therapy adherence (39%) or that sometimes did (17.1%), representing 56.16%. Most patients had adequate control (56.2%). It was no statistical association between knowledge and diet compliance or knowledge with metabolic control. Instead, there were association between metabolic control and nutritional recommendations compliance. Conclusion: Knowledge of nutritional plan is not the only element involved in compliance, because of that, must study other sociocultural factors that influence.


This article deals with the educational standards of new generation and the competences concerning knowledge, skills and personal qualities necessary for the professional contacts in the global and intercultural communication and the methods of teching intercultural communication in terms of new standards.


Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae is an important and destructive pathogen  causing bacterial leaf blight disease in rice plant. The different tests were  conducted in this research work to know the biochemical properties of the  pathogen by the three rice isolates KRH-2, Swarna & Jurly and also  investigation of resistant variety of rice germplasm. Pathogen was subjected to  various biochemical tests, the results indicated that H2S (hydrogen sulphide)  production test +ve in cysteine & -ve in peptone, Starch hydrolysis in KRH-2 & Swarna rice isolates showed +ve reaction whereas, negative results were  obtained for Starch hydrolysis in Jurly rice isolate, Fluorescent test and Gram  staining showed negative reaction whereas, positive reaction were observed in  Catalase test, Liquefaction of Gelatin, KOH Solubility test, Protein digestion  test.


The preparation of monodisperse azobenzene (Azo) polymer microspheres by dispersion polymerization was reported. The photo‐induced fusion of Azo polymer microspheres was successfully achieved during the process of reversible trans‐cis‐trans photoisomerization of Azo units, and induced various unique "microsphere molecular" clusters or "microsphere polymers". Encouraged by this interesting phenomenon, microsphere clusters of different topological structures were stabilized by the in situ acetal cross‐linking chemistry. The photo‐induced fusion polymerization of monodisperse polymer microspheres provides a new strategy for designing photo‐responsive clusters and allows for control over the mechanical properties of microspheres with high spatiotemporal resolution.


Background: Ulcerative colitis isa kind of inflammatory bowel diseasethat is considered as immunological response to commen-salbacteriacolonizinggutlumen. Adherent-invasive Escherichiacoli strainsarepathogensresponsibleforulcerativecolitisdisease. These bacteria have special virulence factors, including type 1 fimbriae, which could be involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Objectives: Thepresentstudywasconductedtodeterminetheprevalenceof adherent-invasive E.coli with fimH geneisolatedfrom Iranian patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: Sixty intestinal biopsy samples of 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 individuals without inflammatory bowel disease were examined. Biopsies from rectum, descending, ascending, terminal ileum, and colon were taken during colonoscopy. Results: Allbiopsysampleswereculturedforisolationof E.coli strains. Usingpolymerasechainreactionassay,theinvasiveplasmid antigenHandinvasion-associationlocusgenesweredetectedfrombothisolatedbacteriaandtissuespecimenstoconfirmthepres-ence of adherent-invasive E. coli . The frequency of adherent-invasive E. coli with type 1 fimbriae was much higher in patients with ulcerative colitis than control subjects. Among isolated bacteria, type 1 fimbriae of adherent-invasive E. coli were detected in 53.3% and 13.3% of ulcerative colitis patients and control subjects, respectively. In addition, from 60 biopsy samples, type 1 fimbriae were detected in 56.7% of ulcerative colitis patients but in 10% of healthy subjects. Conclusions: Subjectswithoutinflammatoryboweldiseasehadahighrateof E.coli strainsthanpatientswithulcerativecolitisvia cultivationdetection. Wefoundahighrateof type1fimbriaeof adherent-invasive E.coli inulcerativecolitispatientsbypolymerase chain reaction assay. It appears that the presence of adherent-invasive E. coli with type 1 fimbriae in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with ulcerative colitis is more likely than previously supposed.


In this study the wetting characteristics of untreated and plasma-treated polyurethane thin films were investigated. The degree of wettability was investigated by measuring the contact angle formed between a liquid drop and the solid surface. The work of adhesion, interfacial free energy, spreading coefficient, and Girifalco–Good's interaction parameter changed significantly for plasma-treated polyurethane films. Both complete and partial wetting were analyzed from the spreading coefficient of liquid drops on the solid substrate.


Parthenium hysterophorus L. (parthenium weed) is continuing to increase in significance as a weed of pastures, crops and environmentally sensitive areas in Queensland, and as a threat to human health. In order to combat the spread of the weed throughout the remainder of Queensland and the rest of Australia, a project was undertaken to increase our understanding of its seed biology and ecology and to determine he reasons behind its prevalence in such environments.


However, there have been limited studies that have developed Agile Techniques Model that adequately compared the pros and cons of various types of agile techniques. To address these issues, we conducted our research and develop our conceptual model that provides insights and understanding on agile techniques and methods to top managements, software developers, project managers, and researchers. Our research develops the Agile Techniques Model to help explore the pros and cons of various agile techniques. The theoretical background for our research model is the stakeholder theory. The results from our model support the conclusion that the agile project quality management method developed in the last 15 years has proven to be useful when compared to the traditional method. However, the main interest of this research is to follow up on both the positive and negative factors to further test its probability. The information described in our model, proves that the agile project quality management method demonstrates both pros and cons on the techniques used within a project. The case studies from the literature in our research reiterate that agile methods increase productivity on the products for customers, but lacking communication is a common negative factor that stands out among all the cons.


The language and the world we express through the language are two different -verb and fact- areas of existence. The verbal world is the one in which concepts are expressed in words. It is the world that we conceptualize and shape into the voices by relating this world to the mind. This action, conceptualizing and shaping into the voices by relating the world to the mind, is called naming. In this study, it is emphasized what the relationship between the name in the naming action and world that is the equivalent of the name, and the relationship between the verbal world and actual world are and in the ancient philosophy, the relationship between language-existence and language-world will be discussed in the circle of linguistically naturalism and naturalists who believe that names reflect the nature of the objects, and the conventiolalism and conventionalist who believe that the language consists of convention and agreement and think that the name is not a language indicator and it is not compulsorily connected with the object of this indicator.


Electric and Magnetic Field solutions of Maxwell's equation describing TEMP waves traveling in conducting but lossy media are derived using the Natural Transform. In this paper, we apply the Natural transform to Maxwell's equations to determine the transient electric and magnetic flelds solutions. Using the Sumudu transform, Maxwell's equations were solved by M. G. M. Hussain etal. (9) and F. B. M. Belgacem (5). Now the Two sided Natural transform of the function f(t) 2 (i1;1) may be deflned on the both sides of real line t 2 (i1;1),


The study assessed the perceived effects of recommended practices on levels of hygienic practices,health-care Expenditure, and productive time for Agricultural Activities and children school attendances among the rural farmers in Mokwa Local Government area of Niger State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 311 of rural populace. Data were collected using structured questionnaire as well as interview schedule and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 46 years while the mean household size was 9 persons. Also, the mean years of experience was 20.8 years while 41.4% of the respondents had primary education. The mean household income was Nigerian Naira N175,500.00. The serious constraints to adoption of recommended practices were bad attitude and lack of credit facilities It is recommended that environmental health workers should be empowered to enforce sanctions on noncompliance with adoption of recommended practices and efforts should be made by stakeholders to sustain this channel of sensitization.


Aim: Malnutrition prevalence is unknown among elderly patients with diabetes. Nutrition therapy is an essential component in the treatment program for diabetics. Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a common risk factor in older patients with diabetes, which can affect their health. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the nutritional condition of elderly with diabetes in Babol City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Babol City during January-April 2017 on 200 older patients with diabetes. Malnutrition was assessed with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) approach. The patients were followed up until discharge. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics methodology, and correlation among variables was determined by the Chi-square, T-test, and One Way ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that about 50% of the elderly patients were suffering from malnutrition, and 20% had normal nutritional status, and approximately 30% were exposed to malnutrition. Conclusion: It is possible to identify people at risk for malnutrition. These individuals are suffering from malnutrition more likely due to lower level of caloric intake that can be easily corrected by nutritional intervention. It is necessary to improve the status of elderly diabetic patients with malnutrition suffering by administering normal nutritional status and special attention.


AIM:To establish a quantitative method for determination of hesperidin in Citri reticulatae in order to evaluate their quality. METHODS:Sample was extracted with methanol by means of sonication for 30min. ODS column was used with methanol-water-acetic acid(35∶61∶2)as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was at 284nm. RESULTS:Hesperidin in sample solution was well separated. Linearity was good(r=0.9995)in range of 0.202~2.424μg. The average recovery was 98%, RSD of repeatability was 2.3%. CONCLUSION:This method is simple, accurate and reliable, which may well be used for the determination of hesperidin.


Iconicity means a close relation between the symbol of language and something people want to express.Non-iconicity means the names and signs which people can express.Nom-iconicity has nothing to do with the referents.Non-iconicity is the conventional result.This paper tries to use examples of English and Chinese words about feelings to prove that language is characterized by iconicity when it is used by parallelist rhetori,that language is characterized by iconicity when it is used by hyperbole rhetoric.and that words which are collocated with the semantic content are characterized by non-iconicity when they can change into figurative sense and different meanings.


Large Language Models' (LLMs) performance in healthcare can be significantly impacted by prompt engineering. However, the area of study remains relatively uncharted in gastrointestinal oncology until now. Our research delves into this unexplored territory, investigating the efficacy of varied prompting strategies, including simple prompts, templated prompts, in-context learning (ICL), and multi-round iterative questioning, for optimizing the performance of LLMs within a medical setting. We develop a comprehensive evaluation system to assess the performance of LLMs across multiple dimensions. This robust evaluation system ensures a thorough assessment of the LLMs' capabilities in the field of medicine. Our findings suggest a positive relationship between the comprehensiveness of the prompts and the LLMs' performance. Notably, the multi-round strategy, which is characterized by iterative question-and-answer rounds, consistently yields the best results. ICL, a strategy that capitalizes on interrelated contextual learning, also displays significant promise, surpassing the outcomes achieved with simpler prompts. The research underscores the potential of advanced prompt engineering and iterative learning approaches for boosting the applicability of LLMs in healthcare. We recommend that additional research be conducted to refine these strategies and investigate their potential integration, to truly harness the full potential of LLMs in medical applications.


Rome is an inadequate city of a modern, small and relatively recent central state, which, however, has found the national foundation on the myths of the city to affirm politically the unitary values that poetry and art had brought out as possible and shared . But Rome, as guardian of supranational myths, is itself two-faced. To fully understand the nature of the modern city grown in Rome in the last one hundred and fifty years, we could compare, for once, the rise of the modern nation called Italy, to the formation of modern South American nations, rather than to the realization of the main historical nations of Europe.


The invention provides a liquid crystal panel; the liquid crystal panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first polaroid, a second polaroid and a liquid crystal layer which is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first polaroid is arranged between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer; the second polaroid is arranged between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The invention also provides a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal panel, and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal panel. According to the liquid crystal panel, the first polaroid and the second polaroid are arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; in such a manner, optical path difference which is caused by the deformation of the first substrate and the second substrate does not affect the polarization state of light which penetrates through the first polaroid and the second polaroid, so that the dark state light leakage can be reduced, and the display quality is improved.


The article describes the general principles of the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, discusses modern approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and nonspecific back pain (NBS). The issues discussed are: the efficacy and tolerability of the combined use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) of predominantly selective action (aceclofenac) and a centrally acting muscle relaxant (tolperisone) in the treatment of OA and NBS. Two clinical observations are presented that confirm the benefits of combined administration of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants in the treatment of OA and NBS. The efficacy and favorable safety profile of aceclofenac has been demonstrated in patients with comorbid diseases. Tolperisone has shown its efficacy both as a mean of controlling pain associated with muscle tension, and as an element of combination therapy not only for NBS, but also for OA.


The longitudinal sound velocity vL of pure SiO2 aerogels with densities in the range of 5 to 500 kg m−3, either made from TEOS (tetraethoxysilane), TMOS (tetramethoxysilane), or waterglass was measured. The variation of vL with density ρ for evacuated aerogels is more complex than described earlier: The simple scaling law vL∝ρα, with α=1.3, only holds for ρ>100 kg m−3; below this density α≊0.8 is valid. Data are also collected for sintered SiO2 aerogels. For specimens with densities around 100 kg m−3 or below, sound velocity measurements under variation of air pressure have also been performed. The dependence of the sound velocity on air pressure can be correctly described by a simple theory involving quasi‐isothermal compression of the gas within the pores. From these findings a reliable method to determine the macroscopic aerogel density is derived.


Abstract We analyze the dynamical evolution of Jupiter-family (JF) comets and near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) with aphelion distances Q >3.5 AU, paying special attention to the problem of mixing of both populations, such that inactive comets may be disguised as NEAs. From numerical integrations for 2×10 6 years we find that the half lifetime (where the lifetime is defined against hyperbolic ejection or collision with the Sun or the planets) of near-Earth JF comets (perihelion distances q 5 years but that they spend only a small fraction of this time (∼ a few 10 3 years) with q 6 years we find that the half lifetime of NEAs in "cometary" orbits (defined as those with aphelion distances Q >4.5 AU, i.e., that approach or cross Jupiter's orbit) is 4.2×10 5 years, i.e., about three times longer than that for near-Earth JF comets. We also analyze the problem of decoupling JF comets from Jupiter to produce Encke-type comets. To this end we simulate the dynamical evolution of the sample of observed JF comets with the inclusion of nongravitational forces. While decoupling occurs very seldom when a purely gravitational motion is considered, the action of nongravitational forces (as strong as or greater than those acting on Encke) can produce a few Enckes. Furthermore, a few JF comets are transferred to low-eccentricity orbits entirely within the main asteroid belt ( Q q >2 AU). The population of NEAs in cometary orbits is found to be adequately replenished with NEAs of smaller Q 's diffusing outward, from which we can set an upper limit of ∼20% for the putative component of deactivated JF comets needed to maintain such a population in steady state. From this analysis, the upper limit for the average time that a JF comet in near-Earth orbit can spend as a dormant, asteroid-looking body can be estimated to be about 40% of the time spent as an active comet. More likely, JF comets in near-Earth orbits will disintegrate once (or shortly after) they end their active phases.


Comparison of scored content of first quarter with terminal quarter of 13 recorded psychotherapy sessions established significant differences between amounts of patient's sentence units relating to sex and evaluation of self. These content changes persisted in a follow-up interview, were classified as adaptive and were in the therapist's objectively determined goal areas.


Abstract The single crystal structural features conductivity and heat capacity in the vicinity of the metal-insulator transition have been determined for the pseudo-one-dimensional charge transfer salt tetrathiafulvalenium 2,5-diethyltetra-cyanoquinodimethane (TTF-DETCNQ). The metal insulator transition observed in the conductivity measurements in the stacking direction is sharply defined by a peak in the heat capacity curve at 111 K. Assuming a single band model, the density of states at the Fermi surface is estimated to be 5.7 eV. Changes in structural features including dynamic and/or static displacements of molecules in the unit cell as a function of temperature are also described.


Climate change, especially global warming caused by human activities presents serious global risks. Mitigating global warming by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a unique challenge facing our generation. In order to tackle this challenge, many measures are being developed, among which carbon trading is a popular one. In this paper, a new paradigm for the design of water distribution systems (WDSs) is being developed under a possible emission trading scheme. In this paradigm, minimisation of the costs of GHG emissions is incorporated into the optimisation of WDSs either as one part of the objective or as a second objective. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) called WSMGA (water system multi-objective genetic algorithm) has been developed to solve this problem. The time value of both the system costs and the costs from GHG emissions has been taken into account by using present value analysis. Following the Stern Review Report there is controversy as to what discount rate should be used in present value analysis for mitigation of climate change, consequently two different discount rates have been used in this study. The impacts that the carbon prices used in the emission trading scheme have on the optimisation of WDSs have been explored for two hypothetical case studies. The optimisation results show that the different carbon prices used lead to different solutions in the single-objective optimisation formulation. In general, a network with larger pipes is chosen when a higher carbon price is used. In contrast, the carbon price used has no impact on the multi-objective optimisation results. However, different carbon prices lead to different amounts of savings in greenhouse gas costs resulting from the same amount of increase in system costs for the same ordered set of Paretooptimal solutions.


SUMMARY

Forty-five patients aged 3 to 22 who have handicapping conditions were examined to determine their oral hygiene leveis and periodontal treatment needs. This study shows that oral hygiene leveis for males and the older population were higher. Periodontal treatment needs were highly correlated to oral hygiene, and were much higher for males and older age groups.

Various aspects were discussed and it was concluded that primary prevention is an immediate, although a partial solution. However, new aids and antibacterial solutions should be further investigated in this population to simplify plaque removal.


Automatic building extraction from aerial or satellite images is a dense pixel prediction task for many applications. It demands a large number of clean label data to train a deep neural network for building extraction. But it is labor expensive to collect such pixel-wise annotated data manually. Fortunately, the building footprint data of geographic information system (GIS) maps provide a cheap way of generating building label data, but these labels are imperfect due to misalignment between the GIS maps and images. In this letter, we consider the task of learning a deep neural network to label images pixel-wise from such noisy label data for building extraction. To this end, we propose a general label noise-adaptive (NA) neural network framework consisting of a base network followed by an additional probability transition modular (PTM) which is introduced to capture the relationship between the true label and the noisy label. The parameters of the PTM can be estimated as part of the training process of the whole network by the off-the-shelf backpropagation algorithm. We conduct experiments on real-world data set to demonstrate that our proposed PTM can better handle noisy labels and improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on the noisy label data generated by GIS maps for building extraction. The experimental results indicate that being armed with our proposed PTM for fully CNN, it provides a promising solution to reduce manual annotation effort for the labor-expensive object extraction tasks from remote sensing images.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Existing data regarding occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following COVID-19 infection and vaccination are inconclusive. We aimed to assess the association between GBS and both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine.

METHODS
We conducted a nested-case control study in a cohort of 3,193,951 patients aged≥16 years, without a diagnosis of prior GBS, from the largest healthcare provider in Israel. Subjects were followed from January 1st, 2021, until June 30th, 2022, for the occurrence of GBS. Ten randomly selected controls were matched to each case of GBS on age and sex. We assessed both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine administration in the prior 6 weeks in cases and controls.

RESULTS
Overall, 76 patients were diagnosed with GBS during follow-up and were matched to 760 controls. A positive test for SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 9 (11.8%) cases, and 18 (2.4%) controls. An administration of COVID-19 vaccine was detected in 8 (10.5%) cases (all Pfizer-BioNTech [BNT162b2] vaccine), and 136 (17.9%) controls (134 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models showed that the OR for GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine administration was 6.30 (95% CI 2.55-15.56) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.17-0.96), respectively. The results were similar when exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccine administration were ascertained in the prior 4 and 8 weeks, although did not reach statistical significance for COVID-19 vaccine at 4 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased risk of GBS, while Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is associated with decreased risk of GBS.


Virtual avatars have been employed in many contexts, from simple conversational agents to communicating the internal state and intentions of large robots when interacting with humans. Rarely, however, are they employed in scenarios which require non-verbal communication of spatial information or dynamic interaction from a variety of perspectives. When presented on a flat screen, many illusions and visual artifacts interfere with such applications, which leads to a strong preference for physically-actuated heads and faces. By adjusting the perspective projection used to render 3D avatars to match a viewer's physical perspective, they could provide a useful middle ground between typical 2D/3D avatar representations, which are often ambiguous in their spatial relationships, and physically-actuated heads/faces, which can be difficult to construct or impractical to use in some environments. A user study was conducted to determine to what extent a head-tracked perspective projection scheme was able to mitigate the issues in readability of a 3D avatar's expression or gaze target compared to use of a standard perspective projection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first user study to perform such a comparison, and the results show not only an overall improvement in viewers' accuracy when attempting to follow the avatar's gaze, but a reduction in spatial biases in predictions made from oblique viewing angles.


We investigate spontaneous entanglement of two qubits mediated by nonreciprocal surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a Weyl semimetal. In the absence of external magnetic fields, the topology of the Weyl semimetal even gives rise to nonreciprocal SPPs that are topologically protected and reside inside the photonic gap. We utilize this nonreciprocal SPP as a mediator of entanglement of two spatially-separated qubits. Our two main findings are: (1) the nonreciprocal SPP gives better quantum entanglement than the reciprocal one, and (2) the achieved entanglement is sufficiently long-lived compared to the entanglement using SPPs in conventional metals.


Embodiments of the present invention provides an array substrate and a display device and method of preparation. Partitioning the plurality of sub-pixels of the array substrate includes a base substrate, the substrate disposed on the substrate, and the substrate disposed on the substrate in each of the sub-pixel phase transfer pattern, the phase transfer pattern is provided to make generating phase shift the light passing through the phase transfer pattern, whereby a phase transfer position of the pattern corresponding to the substantially opaque. The phase transfer pattern may be greatly reduced such that the lateral leakage of light, and may be such that the transmittance of product uniformity, thereby greatly increased and its stability.


Educational video games are being used increasingly in teaching physics. They offer learners a fun and convivial learning environment. However, the use of an educational video game genre that is ill-suited to a type of learning situation or inconsistent with the learners' motivational profile influences the effectiveness of its use in the classroom. In this context, this article deals, on the one hand, with the coherence between the genre of video games and the type of learning situation found in the context of the competency-based approach. On the other hand, it presents the results of a survey to describe the Moroccan learners' motivational profile in video games. The results show that the games should be adapted to each type of learning situation, designed and chosen to meet the learners' interest and avoided when learners are not interested in the genre of the games. It is also pointed out that most of learners prefer to use video games at the level of the explanation of the lessons and the exercises. In light of this research, we have made a number of recommendations for choosing and designing an educational video game.


The invention belongs to the field of clothes drying device, and in particular relates to a clothes drying machine with convection type heat exchange function. The clothes drying machine consists of a drier(1), an air inlet pipe(2), an air outlet pipe(3), a heat exchanger(4), an air inlet of the heat exchanger(5), an air outlet of the heat exchanger(6) and a base(7). The clothes drying machine is convenient and practical, and simple in structure, can recycle the heat in the exhaust air discharged by pre-heating air, saves electric energy, and improves the heat efficiency through reinforcing the heat exchange.


Biology not only provides inspiration in the design of walking machines, but also suggests detailed design solutions. Concise information on legged locomotion in the animal world is presented, and the relationships between engineering solutions and the biological world are shown. The construction of animal legs is briefly described and the most commonly used leg structures for walking machines are discussed, including references to biological patterns. Examples of bio-inspired walking machines developed by our team are given and several concepts of bio-inspired robots are discussed. The general aim of the article is to show how knowledge of the animal world inspires innovative design solutions for robots intended for practical applications.


Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a multisystem, au to immune disorder of unknown etiology, which may resemble rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, o r progressive systemic sclerosis. Characteristically, M C T D has overlapping features of two or even three connective tissue diseases. Common presenting features include arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, myositis, abnormal esophageal mobility, swollen hands, and lymphadenopathy. T h e distinguishing marker for this disease is serum antibody-specific for nuclear riboprotein, a ribonuclease-sensitive component of extractable nuclear antigen. In addition, most patients with M C T D have high serum titers of antinuclear antibody (speckled pattern), and high titers of rheumatoid factor are present in up to 50%. This repor t describes M C T D in identical twin sisters. Although multiple cases of M C T D in one family have been r e p o r t e d / 4 this is the first


This study was aimed at investigating the migrant youth"s life experience in a city. Specifically the study explored the major reason for abandoning rural place, the process of migration, challenges encountered, their perception of city life, and their future life orientation. The study employed qualitative research method; hence the participants of the research were selected purposively. Unstructured in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion Guideline were used for the purpose of data collection. Accordingly, rural youths from Wolayta working around the premises of Addis Ababa University Sidist Killo campus were selected as research participants. The study found out small amount of land holding, landlessness, lack of employment opportunity in the rural area, high family size, household food insecurity, inability to pursue education and skill development, inability to afford medical services are the major reasons for migration reported by participants. High needs for self-reliance, high expectation of urban opportunities were also among the reasons for migration to the city. In their process of migration, the migrants got the information from either relatives or friend who migrated before them. The migrants obtain information through phone communication and at the time of Meskel Holiday by direct communication with the individual migrant. Major challenges encountered by migrant youth after their arrival were inability to find job, high cost of living, inability to peruse education, inability to afford for skill training, and lack of comprehensive guide facilitating easy settlement in the city. Nevertheless, the migrants satisfied by their current living condition. Above all their independence and self-reliance created sense of confidence and positive future life orientation. The implication of the study demonstrates the positive impact of migration on the migrant youths". The government should encourage migrants by providing services which helps the migrants adapt urban life. Encouraging migration through creating conducive situations in the city has paramount importance. This includes programs targeting rural migrants in helping to have access to affordable housing scheme, education and skill development centers, and medical services. This also includes creating job opportunity that helps the migrant to settle permanently in the city.


Abstract Background Life expectancy (LE) is an important metric for overall population health and well-being. The gender gap in LE can be used as a population health metric to capture progress and monitor health inequality in a specific setting. Health inequality is an expression of universal health care coverage and unequal access to health care and the quality of health care - otherwise known as 'amenable' mortality. Methods The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study- a comprehensive global epidemiologic database has developed and validated two population health metrics across 200+ countries- the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Index (0-100) and the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index (0-100) to monitor progress in these two specific domains for each country. We set out to examine the association of gender gap in LE with UHC and HAQ indices across 27 EU countries and the UK combined for year 2019 employing correlation and linear regression analyses. Results Overall, LE ranged from 73.3 years in Bulgaria to 83.1 years in Italy; UHC index was worst in Bulgaria (62.6), while Luxembourg (91.5) was the best performing nation; HAQ index had the highest score in the Netherlands (91.1), while Bulgaria had the lowest score (64.9). Lithuania had the largest gender gap in LE (9.2 years; M:71.5; F: 80.7), while the Netherlands had the narrowest gender gap (3.4 years; M:80.0; F: 83.4). On multivariable linear regression, gender gaps in LE were significantly associated with both HAQ (beta: -0.17; R2=0.66), and UHC (beta: -0.14; R2=0.52) across 27 EU countries and the UK combined. Conclusions Gender gap in LE can be a proxy measure to monitor progress in health inequality in terms of universal health care coverage, as well as health care access and quality of health care for a specific population setting. The findings suggest that gender gap in LE can be significantly reduced through expansion of universal health care and improving both access and quality of health care in the EU. Key messages • Gender gap in life expectancy can be a good proxy to monitor progress in health inequality for EU countries and the UK combined, which has 5.5 years of gender gap in life expectancy on average in 2019. • A 10% increase in both universal health care coverage and health care access and quality, can reduce gender gap in life expectancy by 1.4 and 1.7 years, respectively, across EU and the UK combined.


Abstract An empirical study was conducted to characterize the multiaxial, thermomechanical responses of new high temperature NiTiHf alloys. The experimentation included loading thin walled tube Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 alloy samples along both proportional and nonproportional axial-torsion paths at different temperatures while measuring surface strains using stereo digital image correlation. A Ni 50.3 Ti 33.7 Hf 16 alloy was also studied in tension and compression to document the effect of slightly depleting the Hf content on the constitutive responses of NiTiHf alloys. Samples of both alloys were made from nearly texture free polycrystalline material processed by hot extrusion. Analysis of the data shows that very small changes in composition significantly alter NiTiHf alloy properties, as the austenite finish (A f ) temperature of the 16-at.% Hf alloy was found to be ~60 °C less than the 20-at.% Hf alloy (~120 vs. 180 °C). In addition, the 16-at.% Hf alloy exhibited smaller compressive transformation strains (2 vs. 2.5 percent). Multi-axial characterization of the 20-at.% Hf alloy showed that while the random polycrystal transformation strains in tension (4 percent) and compression (2.5 percent) are modest in comparison with binary NiTi (6 percent, 4 percent), the torsion performance is superior (7 vs. 4 percent shear strain width to the pseudoelastic plateau).


With the appearances of information time based on digital techniques and methods, people often concert on many kinds of machines in order to receive, transact and transfer information. As computers are wildly used, it is becoming true that the natural communication between people and machines without using keyboard or mouse, which is the goal by people for a long time. Multimedia era requests speech recognition system to put into practical from laboratory. Isolated word speech recognition system will bring advantages for people in daily life. However, because of the ambient noise, such as Gaussian noise and non-Gaussian noise, the product capability of isolated word speech recognition system is hard to gain a good demand. Even the isolated word recognition systems are quite mature, there are lots of problems existed and many fields need to be improved. This paper focuses on the problems of isolated word speech recognition systems as follows: 1) The problem of Pre-treatment in noisy environment. Generally, researchers consider the Gaussian Noise, but usually in our life the non-Gaussian noise are not neglected. Then we can do a good endpoint. Studies showed that a speech system utilizing an isolated word recognizer, more than 50% of error rate was credited to the endpoint detector. 2) The problem of Yangzhou dialectal. To do speech recognition of Yangzhou language by way of phonetic introduction and to establish common-used model is practical for information-exchange between dialects and speech recognition.


It has been suggested that members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population are at an increased risk for alcohol and/or substance abuse problems compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Alcohol and substance abuse is a significant public health problem and has been linked to various adverse health outcomes including liver and other cancers, cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, brain damage, high blood pressure, and depression. Homophobia and its negative effects on LGBT individuals is a suggested reason for this health disparity and is a relevant public health issue. Internalizing homophobia has been linked to increased depression, anxiety, and stress, which can in turn increase one's risk for alcohol and/or substance abuse. This cycle exacerbates the disparity between LGBT and heterosexual individuals and requires further research from public health officials. Contained in this essay is a review of the literature focused on the effects of homophobia on substance abuse in LGBT individuals. Of the studies reviewed, the results were mixed. Many studies found a significant positive relationship between homophobia and substance abuse while some found a significant inverse relationship. A few however, found no relationship between the two. Regardless, the proposed health disparity among LGBT individuals is an issue of public health significance that merits attention.


This paper develops a dynamic model of asset price behavior based upon the arrival and diffusion of rumors in a securities market. The model is based upon a time-homogeneous pure birth process in which the number of informed and uninformed traders varies probabilistically over time as learning occurs. Traders become informed by observing the original source of information or through communication with an individual who has 'heard' the information already, both of which are probabilistic events. Price changes result from trades that occur when an individual hears and acts on the information. Rumors can contain true or false information.False rumors ultimately are corrected. Results from simulating the model yield log price changes -- similar to actual intraday common stock returns.


at least one half-life (TO) of the cells, and 51Cr activity was counted in a well-type scintillation detector. The results, uncorrected for elution of label, were plotted on semilog paper. After the first 24 hours, the plot closely approximates a straight line, whose slope gives the half-life of the labelled cells


All life forms are governed by protein interactions that synergistically regulate, at the cellular systemslevel, the behavior of an organism. Elucidating or deciphering these complex macromolecular interaction networks, in a cellular context, is a central goal in all disciplines of modern biology. A staggering question remains, however, as to whether these complexes that are reconstructed, reconstituted, or isolated away from the cell reflect their natural, structural organization in living cells. Currently, one of the most suitable techniques for analyzing the spatial organization of macromolecular complexes within the cell is cryo electron tomography (cryo-ET) of vitreous cryo sections; [1] the other being cryo-ET of focused ion beam (FIB) milled lamellae [2].


In this paper, we study properties of maps between fibrant objects in model categories. We give a characterization of weak equivalences between fibrant object. If every object of a model category is fibrant, then we give a simple description of a set of generating cofibrations. We show that to construct such model structure it is enough to check some relatively simple conditions.


This variation on hopscotch is a good game for encouraging counting. All you need is some chalk and a dice. Using the chalk, draw a simple snake on to your garden path or patio. Divide it up into sections numbered 1 to 10.


Haploid technique is a new approach for breeding,combined biotechnology and conventional breeding technology. Obtainment,identification and duplication of haploid,etc,have been introduced in this paper. It will reduce breeding period by haploid technique and improve breeding efficiency. Haploid technique has wide application prospects in corn breeding.


We consider in this paper a class of variational models introduced for image decomposition into cartoon and texture in [17] (see also [10]) of the form inf u (cid:110) (cid:107) u (cid:107) BV + λ (cid:107) K ∗ ( f − u ) (cid:107) qL p (cid:111) where K is a real analytic integration kernel. We analyse and characterize the extremals of these functionals and list some of their properties.


Low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is an uncommon lesion, composing approximately 3% of ovarian neoplasms. It typically arises in association with a serous borderline tumor and is most often at an advanced stage upon diagnosis. Gene mutations in BRAF and KRAS are characteristic. Various histologic architectural patterns are known, such as papillary, micropapillary, inverted micropapillary, glandular and nested. We report a case of low-grade serous carcinoma arising years after a serous borderline tumor and contralateral teratoma; the low-grade serous carcinoma showed two patterns: micropapillary growth and a previously unreported form of solid pattern manifesting as large tumor islands without slit-like spaces. This unusual solid morphology raises the differential diagnosis of high-grade serous carcinoma, which would result in different clinical management. The presence of areas with classic micropapillary architecture, in addition to the absence of high-grade cytonuclear atypia and marked pleomorphism, support the diagnosis of low-grade serous carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for p53 and p16 failed to show abnormal patterns characteristic of high-grade serous carcinoma. The patient declined chemotherapy and is on letrozole; she has had recurrent right pleural effusions over six months of follow-up after surgery.


Aim The aim of our study was to assess barriers and facilitators to CDSS use reported by European physicians treating older fallers and explore differences in their perceptions. Findings Our main findings were that a barrier to CDSS use is that physicians feel that complex geriatric patients need a physician's clinical judgement and not the advice of a CDSS. Regional differences in barrier and facilitator perceptions occurred across Europe. Message Our main message is that when designing a CDSS for Geriatric falls patients, the patient's medical complexity must be addressed whilst maintaining the doctor's decision-making autonomy, and to increase successful CDSS implementation in Europe, regional differences in barrier perception should be overcome. Abstract Purpose Fall-Risk Increasing Drugs (FRIDs) are an important and modifiable fall-risk factor. A Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) could support doctors in optimal FRIDs deprescribing. Understanding barriers and facilitators is important for a successful implementation of any CDSS. We conducted a European survey to assess barriers and facilitators to CDSS use and explored differences in their perceptions. Methods We examined and compared the relative importance and the occurrence of regional differences of a literature-based list of barriers and facilitators for CDSS usage among physicians treating older fallers from 11 European countries. Results We surveyed 581 physicians (mean age 44.9 years, 64.5% female, 71.3% geriatricians). The main barriers were technical issues (66%) and indicating a reason before overriding an alert (58%). The main facilitators were a CDSS that is beneficial for patient care (68%) and easy-to-use (64%). We identified regional differences, e.g., expense and legal issues were barriers for significantly more Eastern-European physicians compared to other regions, while training was selected less often as a facilitator by West-European physicians. Some physicians believed that due to the medical complexity of their patients, their own clinical judgement is better than advice from the CDSS. Conclusion When designing a CDSS for Geriatric Medicine, the patient's medical complexity must be addressed whilst maintaining the doctor's decision-making autonomy. For a successful CDSS implementation in Europe, regional differences in barrier perception should be overcome. Equipping a CDSS with prediction models has the potential to provide individual-ized recommendations for deprescribing FRIDs in older falls patients.


Data were assembled to assist in idertifying radioactive nuclei by gamma spectroscopy for the study of induced radioactivity in accelerators. A list of the radioactive elementa produced when the main elements used in the construction of these machines are bombarded by high-energy protons or neutrons. The tables also include the order of magnitude of the production cross sections observed for bombardment at energies between 370 and 500 Mev. The half lives, kinds of radiation emitted, and enengies are given. (M.C.G.)


Abstract: Prodigiosin (PG) is a secondary metabolite, isolated from a culture of Serratia marcescens, which has shown potent cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines as well as immunosuppressive activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of mitochondria in PG‐induced apoptosis. Therefore, we evaluated the apoptotic action of PG in GLC4 small cell lung cancer cell line by Hoechst 33342 staining. In these cells, we examined mitochondrial apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c (cyt c) release to the cytosol in PG time‐response studies. These findings suggest that PG induces apoptosis in both caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent pathways.


The study examines the dependence between education and economic growth. Based on the neoclassic model of growth a theoretic dependence between human capital and GDP is drawn. The effect of public expenditure for education on growth in EU countries is studied. The econometric analysis shows that higher rates of economic growth are associated with accelerated growth of state expenditure for education. For the old member-states there is also a positive dependence between research and development expenditure and the trend toward growth of the aggregate product.


Introduction Delivering better outcomes for cancer is a major part of the Long Term Plan for the NHS. For colo-rectal cancer (CRC) better outcomes will mainly come from earlier diagnosis of CRC and polyps via the bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP). However more CRC screening has implications for the Bowel Cancer screening workforce. Currently there is no data to inform how much additional screening can be undertaken. The aim of this survey was to assess workforce career intentions with regards to screening and non-screening endoscopy. Methods A questionnaire survey, developed by the core stakeholders, sent to all members of the BSG, ACPGB&I and JAG between Feb-April 2020. Results Responses were received from 352 endoscopists (age 25–74 yr old) most of whom worked in England. Respondents were non-screening colonoscopists (40%), screening colonoscopists (24%), nurse endoscopists (19%) and trainees (17%). Amongst current screening colonoscopists, most undertook 2 lists per week, one of which was for screening. However many were keen to do an additional screening list each week, if they were able to relinquish emergency care (71%), ward cover (45%) or an outpatient clinic (41%). Importantly, 40% of the current screening workforce were planning to stop screening in the next 2–5 yrs due to retirement/pension issues. Of non-screening consultants 36% were considering becoming JAG accredited if they could give up emergency care (83%), ward cover (67%) or an outpatient clinic (43%). Interests outside of screening (42%) was the most common reason for not wanting to become a screener. In addition, there was little enthusiasm for undertaking more endoscopy. However amongst trainees, 72% wanted to contribute to the BCSP, particularly if they did not participate in acute medicine or GIM ward cover. Their ideal job plan would have 1–2 BCSP lists per week, as did 48% of the nurse endoscopists who wanted to become BSCP colonoscopists. Conclusions Amongst the current consultant workforce there is some appetite to contribute to the BCSP, particularly if allowed to step away from emergency/acute care. However, the impact of early retirement and pensions needs to be considered within the plans to develop the screening workforce. Many trainees and nurse endoscopists would like to become BCSP colonoscopists.


The design of production process flow for the rigid PVC foamed plate is also introduced. The main technological factors(screw speed, extrusion temperature, extrusion pressure and the nose, mouth, die, cooling stereotypes die structure) affecting the plate quality is also discussed. The new product equipment for the rigid PVC foamed plates is used, the corresponding crust foaming processing parameters is seted up, the rigid PVC foamed plate with excellent performance is produced.


Summary Document clustering is an important technology which helps users to organize the large amount of online information, especially after the rapid growth of the Web. This paper focuses on semantic document clustering method and its application in search engine. We proposed a multi-agent based information retrieval system to enhance the search process. The agents retrieve the results of Web search engine and organize the results by clustering them into different categories for a given query. We utilized WordNet ontology and several approaches to cluster results in appropriate category according to WordNet synsets. The experiment shows that semantic clustering work better than original clustering.


Abstract : Aquatic Aerobic Activity, Land Based Activity, Motor Control. Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by sensorimotor disorders of motor control control (gross motors and fine motor) as well as posture. Aquatic aerobic activity is designed to give sensorimotor stimulation through a series of activities undertaken in the pool. Indicators of sensorimotor function improvement in CP can be evaluated through changes in the motion control capabilities, basic motor control in the setting of functional posture, and the ability to perform functional activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic aquatic activity towards the development of motor abilities, basic motor control, and occupational performance skills in children with CP. The study design was performed according to quasi experimental design with control group pretest-posttest design. The study population was patients with CP that received rehabilitation treatment in occupational therapy unit YPAC Surakarta. Sampling using quota sampling with a sample size of 30 people. Analysis of data using paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney using SPSS version 16.0. The average value of the change scores Bobath Chart and GMFM post-intervention aquatic aerobic activity amounted to 4.07 and 7.33, while the post-intervention land based activity amounted to 0.80 and 1.53. The test results paired sample t-test for Bobath Chart scores and GMFM scores before and after intervention showed p-value <0.05. The results of the comparative analysis showed a significant difference (p-value <0.05) between the changes Bobath Chart scores and GMFM scores between the intervention group aquatic aerobic activity with land based activity. Performance and satisfaction scores increased by 0.13 and 0.47 (aquatic aerobic activity) and 0.07 & 0.27 (land based activity). Aquatic Aerobic Activity results significant effect towards basic motor control, gross motor and occupational performance skills in children with CP. Keywords : Aquatic Aerobic Activity, Land Based Activity, Motor Control


Purpose: Review and systematization of data on the development of studies of drugs intended for protection against radiation in medium doses, assessment of the latest proposals and directions of pharmacological influence on radiation effects, incitement to discussion on the issue under consideration. Results: An analysis of domestic and foreign literature for the period of the 70–90s of the twentieth century and the latest period in relation to the prevention of tissue reactions and long-term effects of low-dose low-power irradiation was carried out, classes (groups) and samples of pharmaceuticals used were considered. Conclusions: 1. Very diverse previously proposed pharmaceuticals are still suitable, acting on various mechanisms of the genesis of the consequences of exposure to medium doses. 2. In recent years, substances (drugs) with receptor action, including genetically engineered products, as well as gene therapy agents, have been of primary interest, but they have been little studied as the means of choice due to their status as demonstration samples for use at medium doses. 3. Drugs of choice, made on the basis of many considerations over 30 years ago, until a replacement not be found.


In a multi-channel network based of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, an efficient protocol is needed in order for the transmitter and receiver to be tuned to the same wavelength during message transmission time. This paper proposes a priority-based reservation protocol that can efficiently support variable-length messages that require different QoS requirements. In this proposed protocol, high-priority nodes can reserve the data channel before low-priority nodes. However, once a node reserves a data channel successfully, it can persistently use the reserved channel till message transmission is finished regardless of the priority of the node. Moreover, the protocol can operate independently of the number of nodes, and any new node can join the network anytime without requiring network re-initialization. The protocol is analyzed with a finite population model and the throughput-delay characteristics are investigated as performance measures.


Energy storage systems are experiencing increasing deployment due to their ability to offer multiple services in an evolving grid. However, the degradation of such devices is an important factor that needs to be addressed while evaluating their lifetime economic benefits. In this study, a battery energy storage system (BESS) has been considered to be participating in the energy and ancillary markets. The energy dispatch of the BESS is optimized to generate the maximum possible revenue from the market. A semi-empirical degradation model is utilized to evaluate the degradation of the battery, and hence the lifetime revenue generated by the BESS is determined. The maximum remaining capacity of the battery is updated at regular intervals to provide a more accurate estimate of the revenue. A Li-ion battery is used for this study due to its widespread popularity which arises from its high energy density, high efficiency, and decreasing costs. PJM energy and ancillary market data are employed for the study. Results show significant effects of considering battery degradation, and the importance of updating the maximum capacity of the BESS after regular intervals.


While carrying out our researches on lactin,* it struck us that use might be made of it to compare the dynamical equivalents of acid bodies. We accordingly selected hydric chloride and hydric sulphate for the measurements in question, and prepared solutions of these acids, containing respectively 73 grammes hydric chloride (2HC1), and 196 grammes hydric sulphate (2H2SO4) per litre. An experiment was first tried with 5 grammes lactin and 10 cub. centims. of the hydric chloride solution in a total volume of 70 cub. centims.


In studies to be course new study way that reform advocate independently,study and read teaching not to combine independently,it is undoubtedly the innovation of reading teaching to the tradition.Read and study independently must hold three principles:Lead the principle in goal,know to doubt that is good at asking the principle,learn to achieve and grow the principle.Teaching reading study independently guides the procedure including eight stages:Confirm that reads the goal of studying,inspire the organization discussing and read learning motivation,student's self-teaching package content,teach oneself to check,the organization discussing,the teacher explains especially,the exercise consolidating and brief summary of the classroom.


The ligase detection reaction (LDR) is a technique that can distinguish low-abundant mutant DNAs from wild-type DNAs. LDR is usually carried out on DNAs amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the realization of modular microfluidic systems, the DNA output of the PCR handed off to the LDR chip needs to be mixed with LDR reagents before continuing the reaction. Polymer, continuous flow ligase detection reaction (CFLDR) devices with integrated passive micromixers, were designed, fabricated and tested. The devices each consisted of: a passive mixer for mixing a PCR sample, a cocktail of primers, and ligase, an enzyme of DNA; an incubator channel (95°C) for preheating the mixture; and a thermal cycling channel for the LDR. The devices were produced by hot embossing polycarbonate (PC) substrates with brass mold inserts manufactured by micro-milling. Experiments using food dyes showed that the appropriate mixture concentrations were delivered to the preheating channel in both the pulling and pushing modes.Copyright © 2007 by ASME