The vegetative anatomy of five domesticated species of the genus Cucurbita L. found in South Western Nigeria was studied. The aim was to establish some useful diagnostic features that may be employed in combination with other characters as intra or inter-specific or generic tools for their delimitation. The study revealed exciting features that are helpful in the identification of each species. The genus can be divided into three groups based on the shape of the midrib. Those with a U-shape are C. pepo, C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia. C. maximum has a round/flat shape while C. moschata has V shape. Those with a U-shape can further be classed into those with a wide and narrow neck. C. argyrosperma has narrow neck with two vascular bundles, four layers of palisade tissues and 6 layers of abaxial epidermis. C. pepo has a wide neck with three bicollateral bundles and two layers of palisade tissues while C. ficifolia has two bundles and three layers of palisade tissues. Overlaps and similarities in the number of vascular bundles, and layers of tissues showed generic affinity among the members.


According to the present situation of talent cultivation in the independent colleges, the article points out the significance of humanism care for the students' development. It also describes the approach of implementation in the City College of Dongguan University of Technology.


An improved anchor-free TOA localization algorithm using ultrasonic ranging is prpoposed,and then,based on the algorithm,presents a design of sensor node's hardware platform which chooses MCU C8051F020 and SoC CC2430 as its key parts.


Many of us today readily acknowledge the connection between our work in family planning prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections prevention of unwanted pregnancy and the issue of sexuality. In fact IPPF led the way when in 1995 it adopted its very useful Charter of Sexual and Reproductive Rights which sets out an ethical framework for our work. Yet many in the field of reproductive health remain skeptical about the concept of sexual rights or are simply uncomfortable with it. (excerpt)


A national sample of pediatricians, family physicians, and emergency physicians was surveyed by questionnaire regarding initial and subsequent management of minor head injury, and responses were analyzed at the University of Washington, Seattle; the American Academy of Pediatrics; the American Academy of Family Physicians; University of California; and Children's Hospital, Boston.


SUMMARY Purpose: After reviewingour experience of pollicization in congenital differences, we have found that classical technique have several weak points concerning function and appearence. Abduction is frequently insufficient and adductiuon quite weak. Aesthetically the thumb has a slender aspect and the web fold is absent snd the commissure look more like a cleft. Matherials and Methods: We have tried to "principalize" the issues to propose some technical modifications for improvement of function and appearence. All the phases of the surgery has been analyzed. From the incision, to the carpo-metacarpal joint recontruction to the muscle rebalancing until the post-operative treatment. The most common complications has been outlined, with the astuces to avoid them. Conclusions: The proposed guideline represents an encouragement for the surgeons involved to improve an already satisfying technique, which is anyway far away from perfection. Riv Chir Mano 2006; 2: 151-155


A movable member (13) in which a physical change occurs depending on the flow rate of breathing is placed inside a tube body (11). The tube body (11) and a holder section are made detachable. When breathing is started with the tube body (11) put to a mouth, the movable member (13) is bent depending on the flow rate of the breathing. Then, image data of the movable member (13) is acquired through the tube body (11), by a CCD area sensor placed outside the tube body (11), and the amount of the bending is measured. The flow rate of breathing is calculated based on the flow rate data corresponding to the amount of the bending of the movable member (13).


This paper begins with the importance of LED CMS system in the ITS, then analyzes the functional characteristics of the LED CMS system, introduces the entire design project of the CMS system and the difficulties ,the key technology in the process of design, At last ,we designed LED CMS system embedded controller based on uclinux Operating System.with SAMSUNG S3C44B0X processor and Altera cyclone's FPGA .


Exploratory study on the situation of 40 municipal central libraries of the metropolitan area. It highlights the role of the Chilean government and the participation of mayors in the development of such cultural and civic centers.


Electron temperature is one of most important parameters in all fusion devices, including spherical tokamaks (STs). STs can generate high pressure with a smaller magnetic field compared with conventional tokamaks. However, STs are characterized by MHD events which cause significant distortion in the temperature profile[1]. Thomson scattering measurement is a highly reliable measurement of electron temperature, and many devices are equipped with a system. Recently the system in TST-2 was upgraded and more accurate and new results are reported in this paper. This system consists of the following three components, incident optics, light collection optics, spectroscopic system. We use a compact Newtonian mirror system consists of a primary spherical mirror of diameter 254 mm and a small secondary flat mirror for the collection optics[2]. The system has large solid angle (88 msrad). For incoherent Thomson scattering, we use Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, with a pulse width of 10 ns, with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The former low energy (0.45 J) laser has been replaced by a new high energy (1.6 J) laser, and the signal to noise ratio was improved from 5 to 10. The Calibration method of the polychrometar was modified, and the wavelength resolution was improved from 2.5 nm to 0.24 nm as a result. Recently, we introduce an 8-channel high speed oscilloscope, and thus all 5 wavelength channels can be recorded simultaneously, and fitting becomes more accurate. Rayleigh scattering is used for the calibration of density, and multi spatial point density (and temperature) measurement is possible. We measured intensity of scattering light and stray light in the calibration. Typical results are show in the following. The typical central electron temperature and the electron density are 150 eV and 1.5 × 10 19 m −3 , respectively. The temperature profile has a maximum and flat near the center of the plasma, the density profile also has an maximum near the center. When instability is observed in the radiation signal, the temperature becomes low. Dependence of the temperature on other parameter will be reported.


The optical characteristics, X-ray diffraction, unit cell, chemistry and crystallization conditions of an alkaline zeolite assemblage were studied. The zeolites have been found infi lling amygdales and in the matrix of Tertiary olivine basalts from Junin de los Andes, Patagonia. The secondary minerals (albite, pumpellyite, interestratifi ed chlorite/smectite (C/S), smectite, iddingsite, magnetite and hematite) are replacing phenocrysts of plagioclase, olivine and the matrix of the rocks. Zeolites are sodic, calco


Cetaceans present a high capacity to accumulate trace elements and have been considered a good bioindicator of contamination. The study assesses the concentration of selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg), as organic mercury (HgOrg) in the liver and kidney of a dolphin incidentally caught in fishing nets along two Brazilian areas (southeast and south). No significant differences were observed in the concentrations for both sexes. The liver showed the highest concentrations of mercury and organic mercury. Hepatic organic and total mercury in individuals from the South coast were about four times as high as those from the Southeast coast. Body length influenced the accumulation of these contaminants in both organs, and hepatic concentrations increased with this parameter, according to the sampling area. Hepatic organic and total mercury concentrations increased with body length in individuals from the Southeastern coast, although no significant correlations were observed between body length from each area. A significant positive linear relationship was observed between molar concentrations of Hg and Se in the liver of all individuals from both areas, presenting a Se:Hg ratio of 4. Differences found among the concentrations in dolphins from both areas were probably due to the preferred prey, bioavailability of elements in each marine environment, and environment variables (water temperature, net primary production). As a consequence, concentrations of trace elements in the tissues of this species can be considered to be a result of the surrounding environment.


Safe, effective approaches for periodontal regeneration are the focus of scientists research around the periodontal area. Unfortunately, the science of periodontal regeneration is still in its infancy, with all current or emerging therapies having serious limitations. It is believed that the future advances in periodontal regeneration will likely incorporate therapies that mimic critical aspects of natural bone formation processes, using the tool of gene therapy and tissue engineering. This review will summarize current knowledge of gene therapy approaches for periodontal regeneration.


The core purpose of this research paper is probe into the social and pathetic status of Middle East' women in their own culture from the novel Princess by Jean Sasson. Her novel, Princess, is the description of domestic and cultural issues of Saudi women. Eventually, the procedure itself depicts the social prestige of women characters and highlights the social issues of Saudi women. Socially, the role or status of women in Saudi culture is limited, they do not have equal opportunity for their social affairs. Even they do not have any right for their medical treatment without male member of the family. Usually, force or arranged marriages are common in Saudi Arabia. There is no concept or space for feelings, sentiments or love. Saudi women do not have any right for choosing suitable match maker for themselves. These aspects show the wretched social status of women in Saudi culture. The theory of objectification by Fredrickson and Roberts is adopted in order to probe the social status of women in Saudi culture. This research is purely descriptive and analytical one because for descriptive analysis of women wretched social ailment it uses textual evidences for the investigation. In order to understand the content of the novel a method of close-reading is used by the researcher. The experiences of women characters from the novel are taken as a sources of evidence.


Combining with the a metro tunnel beneath the river management office construction in Tucheng,according to project characteristics,this paper describes specific construction technology measures and construction methods,and concludes project monitoring and measurement and quality assurance measures to ensure the safe construction of buildings and structures.


It has been demonstrated that an undergraduate women's computer science support group can provide significant benefits to female CS students. It can be difficult for students to establish such a group without institutional support. We successfully established a thriving, self-sustaining support group with a modest initial outlay of time and money. This program serves as a model and template to help other small to mid-sized undergraduate departments accomplish the same.


Two new faint (g ∼ 18–22) cataclysmic variables (CVs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are confirmed as being strongly magnetic systems from time-resolved optical spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry. SDSS J0921+2038 shows circular polarization that varies between negative and positive values, and at one phase displays a series of overlapping cyclotron emission peaks that characterize a magnetic plasma with B = 32 MG and kT ≈ 10 keV. The polarization of SDSS J1333+1437 reaches V/I = 15% and its spectrum displays the blue continuum and strong H, He emission-line component often found in the polar class of magnetic CV. Phasing of photometry, polarimetry, and radial velocity measurements for SDSS J1333+1437 indicates a (spin/orbit) period of 2.2 ± 0.1 hr.


Various kinds of rapid prototyping processes are available, such as stereo-lithography apparatus(SLA), fused deposition modeling(FDM), selective laser sintering(SLS), 3 dimensional printing(3DP), and laminated object manufacturing(LOM). In this study, benchmark tests are carried out to obtain detailed informations about surface roughness and mechanical properties of those parts. Although the patterns and roughness averages of part surface are dependent on the surface direction, the roughness of SLA part is the best and that of FDM or 3DP part is the worst. It is shown that FDM part has an advantage in impact strength, SLS(or EOS) part in compressive strength, and LOM part has an advantage in tensile strength and heat resistance, but the change of building direction in FDM and LOM processes severely weakens the tensile and impact strengths.


This article examines the challenges of and barriers to generating and implementing evidence‐based policy and practice in health services. It describes how one of the NHS R&D programmes ‐ on service delivery and organisation ‐ is attempting to get evidence into policy and practice.


Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) levels were measured in 338 elderly patients admitted to the Geriatric Medicine Departments of a general hospital in Israel in the course of one year. The mean (±SD) serum 25‐OHD levels were significantly lower (P < .01) in the elderly patients (13.5 ± 8.9 ng/mL) than in healthy young controls (24.7 ± 6.1 ng/mL). One hundred ten patients (35.5%) were either vitamin D deficient (25‐OHD < 5 ng/mL) or had borderline serum levels of 25‐OHD (5–9 ng/mL). The mean (±SD) serum 25‐OHD concentration of patients who were completely mobile before hospitalization was 15.5 ± 8.8 ng/mL (n = 239). In patients mainly immobilized but able to leave the house occasionally, it was 10.2 ± 6.3 ng/mL (n = 84) and of bed‐ridden patients, it was 5.2 ± 3.2 ng/mL (n = 15). No correlation was found between serum 25‐OHD levels and the patients' age or serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin values. Thus, in order to detect vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, it is necessary to measure serum 25‐OHD concentration. The results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency is common among elderly patients even in sunny climates and indicate the need for development of effective programs of prevention and treatment.


AIM
This paper is a report of a study to determine the incidence of non-Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients and to re-evaluate clinical characteristics and other risk factors related to non-C. difficile-associated diarrhoea.

BACKGROUND
Numerous factors are thought to be responsible for diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. Reports about the diarrhoeal effects of some medications administered concomitantly with tube feeding have stimulated reappraisal of the influence of tube feeding as a potential cause.

METHOD
This study was a secondary analysis of data of 154 hospitalized patients collected during a prospective epidemiological study from 1992 to 1993. The secondary analysis was completed in 2006 in order to investigate unanswered questions of current importance.

FINDINGS
The sample was predominantly male and middle aged; approximately 50% were tube fed, and 25% were in an intensive care unit. The incidence of diarrhoea was 35%. Increased severity of illness as well as the combination of sorbitol-containing medication administration and tube feeding were found to be statistically significant factors in the development of diarrhoea.

CONCLUSION
As diarrhoea in hospitalized patients appears to be multifactorial, use of an algorithm to systematically evaluate and manage related factors is recommended.


Today's age of disruptive technology is a strategic game changer for most organizations. Unpredictable market conditions create unprecedented challenges for simple organizational survival, let alone avenues for innovation and growth. This volume explores this dynamic environment in which corporate entrepreneurship strategies are pursued.


History A 31-year-old woman was hospitalized for further evaluation of a mass that was discovered on a chest roentgenogram taken because of an upper respiratory tract infection. Physical examination revealed several cafe-aulait spots over the skin. Kyphoscoliosis of the midthoracic vertebrae with posterior scalloping of some of the vertebral bodies was also noted. The admission posteroanterior chest film is shown in Fig 1. A well-defined left paravertebral soft-tissue mass density measured about 6 cm in diameter. Figure 2 is an anteroposterior tomogram of the dorsal spine. Diagnosis Lateral intrathoracic meningocele in a patient with neurofibromatosis. Figures 1 and 2 show a large left paravertebral mass with scalloping of the left side of the bodies of D7 to D9. The possibility of neurofibromatosis with an intrathoracic meningocele was suspected from the patient's physical examination and roentgen findings. This was confirmed by myelography (Fig 3), which showed contrast material filling the masslike


The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the current landscape of this crime in our country, what is the policy of the Colombian State to face and present an alternative model from the law can constitute as a contribution to mitigate the consequences of this serious evil that affects our country at an alarming and harmful.


We use a many-body rate-equation approach to calculate the thermopower of a quantum dot in the presence of an exchange interaction. At temperatures much smaller than the single-particle level spacing, the known quantum jumps (discontinuities) in the thermopower are split by the exchange interaction. The origin and nature of the splitting are elucidated with a simple physical argument based on the nature of the intermediate excited state in the sequential tunneling approach. We show that this splitting is sensitive to the number parity of electrons in the dot and the dot's ground-state spin. These effects are suppressed when cotunneling dominates the electrical and thermal conductances. We calculate the thermopower in the presence of elastic cotunneling and show that some signatures of exchange correlations should still be observed with current experimental methods. In particular, we propose a method to determine the strength of the exchange interaction from measurements of the thermopower.


One of the vexed questions in the study of the Peshitta version of the Old Testament is whether it is, partly or wholly, Christian in origin. This chapter spells out the complexities attending this question, illustrating them with reference to a number of selected passages, and to make some contribution to the continuing debate. It is clear that the Peshitta was the Bible of the Syriac speaking Christian churches, and there is no evidence of its liturgical use in Judaism. The chapter draws attention to the Leiden edition of The Old Testament in Syriac . The magisterial survey of scholarly work on the Peshitta by P.B. Dirksen serves to set the present study in a wider perspective, while reference may also be made to a recent article by M. Weitzman for a percipient presentation of the factors relevant to the question of the provenance of the Peshitta. Keywords: Christian origin; Judaism; P.B. Dirksen; Peshitta; The Old Testament in Syriac


With this thesis I aimed to obtain a better understanding on how abiotic factors affect virus-phytoplankton interaction, alone and in combination with other relevant environmental variables. The main focus in this thesis is on phosphorus (P) limitation, for the primary reason that phytoplankton growth in many coastal and oceanic systems worldwide is (seasonally) limited in P, and the future (stratified) ocean is expected to become more P-limited than nitrogen (N) limited due to diazotroph N-fixation in the ocean surface. The studies in this thesis were carried out with axenic phytoplankton host-virus model systems under well-controlled experimental set-ups to obtain a mechanistic understanding and allow accurate quantification of virus growth characteristics, i.e., the viral latent period (time until first release of viruses), the viral burst size (number of viruses produced per host cell lysed) and the percentage of infective progeny viruses. Host cell physiology (e.g. photophysiology and lipid composition) was monitored to relate differences in results between treatments to host metabolism.


The Gromov-Hausdorff distance between two metric spaces measures how far the spaces are from being isometric. It has played an important and longstanding role in geometry and shape comparison. More recently, it has been discovered that the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between unit spheres equipped with the geodesic metric has important connections to Borsuk-Ulam theorems and Vietoris-Rips complexes. We develop a discrete framework for obtaining upper bounds on the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between spheres, and provide the first quantitative bounds that apply to spheres of all possible pairs of dimensions. As a special case, we determine the exact Gromov-Hausdorff distance between the circle and any even-dimensional sphere, and determine the asymptotic behavior of the distance from the 2-sphere to the $k$-sphere up to constants.


A thermophilic fungus, Mucor miehei YH-10, isolated from manure was selected to produce thermostable β-glucosidase among 207 isolates. When Mucor miehei YH-10 was grown on wheat bran medium, the maximal accumulation of thermostable β-glucosidase was obtained after 4 days at 50°C, The β-glucosidase had an optimal temperature of 60°C and retained 73% of original activity after heating at 95°C for 5 min. The β-glucosidase was fractionated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography into two components during the purification steps. These components were further purified by consecutive column chromatographies until they were homogeneous on disc electrophoresis. One retained 56% of original activity after heating at 95°C for 5 min, whereas the other was completely inactivated after heating at 80°C for 5 min.


Given the increasingly stringent CD requirements for double patterning at the 32nm node and beyond the question arises as to how best to correct for CD non-uniformity at litho and etch. For example, is it best to apply a dose correction over the wafer while keeping the PEB plate as uniform as possible, or should the dose be kept constant and PEB CD tuning used to correct. In this work we present experimental data, obtained on a state of the art ASML XT:1900Gi and Sokudo RF3S cluster, on both of these approaches, as well as on a combined approach utilizing both PEB CD tuning and dose correction.


The numerical simulation software DEFORM-3D was used to simulate cold extrusion process for conductor.Through analyzing the rationality of the process and the possible defects in forming process,the die was improved,the qualified extrusion parts were gained.The simulation results show that the cold extrusion process can greatly save copper materials and reduce production cost.


Men Trapped in Men's Bodies.- Theory and Case Histories.- Narratives by Autogynephilic Transsexuals.- Confronting Autogynephilia.- Developmental Histories.- Manifestations of Autogynephilia.- Autogynephilia and Heterosexuality.- Sex with Men.- Other Aspects of Autogynephilic Sexuality.- Debating the Meaning of Autogynephilia.- Narratives by Nontranssexual Autogynephiles.- Autogynephilic Transsexualism in Perspective.


In this study,Ginkgo Biloba leaves was pretreated by using the newly steam explosion to improve the yield of extraction of flavonoids.Based on the single factor experiments,the effects of steam explosion pressure,temperature and solid-liquid ratio on Ginkgo Biloba leaves were investigated by response surface methodology.A mathematical model was established and analyzed to describe the relationships between the studied factors and the response of the yield of flavonoids.The optimum pretreatment parameters were as follows: Steam explosion pressure of 0.38 MPa,steam explosion time of 235 s,solid-liquid ratio for 1∶15.Under the optimum conditions,the yield of flavonoids was higher about 2.1 fold than that tradition extraction method.


Former Greens leader Bob Brown with a book documenting his road trip up the east coast of Australia. And journalists Paul Kelly and Troy Bramston with new evidence about the dismissal.


The present invention relates to a roof frame structure forming the loop structure of the railway car with the roof panel, the railway vehicle roof frame structure according to the present invention is provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the railway car so underpins the roof panel a pair of cans that trail; It can to a large number of through the trails of the pair which is installed in the width direction of the railway vehicle at a predetermined interval along the first roof frame; And it is disposed at a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction of the plurality of first loop frame can trail and parallel to the rail car to Et between the first plurality of the plurality of first loop frame to be inserted respectively fixed include; to correspond to the distance between the roof frame is formed a plurality of a plurality of second loop frame having grooves, respectively. According to the invention, by being added a plurality of grooves are a large number of the first roof frame is inserted fixing each of a plurality of the comprising a second roof frame respectively formed shape, rail a number of the second roof frame connecting between the first roof frame so it is implemented in indirect form in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and dramatically reduces the number of the count, and the welding portion of the welding object, so that not only can manufacturing operation is easy to become significantly reducing the airborne, teuleojim the welding position or the possibility of occurrence of thermal deformation due to welding is also because it is possible to reduce it is not necessary to put a lot of airborne additional calibration, in the durability can be improved, first and line even enough durability the thickness of the second roof frame It can be reduced because there is also the weight of the roof frame structure.


Perovskites and related structures are renowned for technologically useful applications. The structural variations in perovskite crystals result in novel properties which can be regulated by external forces. The study attempts to regulate distortion of a perovskite compound LaFeO3 driven solely by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and to demonstrate the effect using a critical parameter - electrochemical conductivity. A series of graphene concentration varied nanocomposites were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The crystal distortion is investigated using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. By analysis of the oxygen and Fe ion peaks of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, along with Raman spectra, a clear understanding of the distortion process is developed. The remarkable effect of distortion on dispersed phases generated by graphene matrix is coined with a new phrase Graphenostortion. The study revealed that the environment for the graphenostrotion originated from the interaction of oxygen functional groups of RGO with LaFeO3. The variation in bond covalency influenced by the percentage concentration of non-lattice oxygen, distorted the Pbnm geometry of the graphene nanocomposite. The developed mechanism for distortion is in good agreement with electrochemical activity studies. RGO as a tool to control distortion in metal oxide could facilitate new facets in technological applications of graphene nanocomposites.


Laminated fibre reinforced composite can be subjected to periodic loading that can cause parametric instability in structures. This paper is to report on the parametric instability analysis of unsymmetric laminated composite plate. Using finite element method, the Mathieu-Hill equation that describes the parametric instability behavior of composite plate was derived based on the higher order shear deformation theory of composite and the equation was solved using the Bolotin's method. Compared to similar symmetric composite, the anisotropic nature of the composite has caused the composite to be more unstable by shifting the instability region to the left while nar-rowing the region at the same time. However, the effects of parameters such as the orientation angle and the aspect ratio are similar to the effect of the same parameters on the parametric instability of symmetric composites.


Although birch kraft pulp is becoming more papers ('3 2, and the are given and more important in the industry, knowledge of in table 1. No pH-buffers have been used in any how to bleach such a pulp in the best way is limited. A bleaching stage, i.e. pH-adjustments have been comprehensive laboratory study was therefore carried out achieved by addition of H2S04 or NaOH. to make it possible to compare different types of bleaching alternatives. In the prebleaching experiments it was found that the lowest kappa number after the E l stage, for a given charge of active chlorine, is obtained if a sequential (DC) stage is used and the chlorine dioxide fraction is approximately SO%, calculated as active chlorine. This prebleaching also results in the lowest total active chlorine consumption after final bleaching to a given brightness. It was further found that for the pulp studied the active chlorine consumption to full brightness, calculated per kappa number of the unbleached pulp, is considerably higher than for an oxygen-bleached softwood kraft pulp of approximately the same kappa number. Finally, birch kraft pulp contains a large fraction of extractives which are easily chlorinated during bleaching. Chlorination means that it is less easy to eliminate the extractives, and that the potential for pitch problems is increased. Two remedies to reduce the formation of chlorinated extractives are to charge chlorine and chlorine dioxide according to (CD) and to use a high fraction of chlorine dioxide in the chlorine stage. A lower charge of active chlorine in the prebleaching also reduces the formation of chlorinated extractives.


: Defect Tracking for Improving Product Quality and Productivity for Improving Software Reliability is an automated system that can be useful to workers and the directors in any functional association. disfigurement Tracking for perfecting Product Quality and Productivity gives the installation to define the tasks in the association and also allows the directors to track the blights spent by the inventor for that particular task. A report generation installation is supported in DTS that allows the directors to assay which are those chops by hand are employed and those which aren't employed design or operation. This tool helps workers to validate their blights and analysis. This system is a web operation which works an intranet operation(1). client resource operation is integrated with this operation which makes this software more effective in terms of time operation, and reducing homemade workshop(2). Detailed explanation about this design is handed in design report. practical and use of a large number of features. The system uses Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine( SVM). The system substantially Gain rate for point selection, along with the characterization of bug vaticination results achieved when using point selection. This paper proposes a point selection fashion applicable to bracket- grounded bug vaticination.


We mainly investigate supply chain coordination with option contract in a risk neutral supplier and a risk averse retailer setting.We characterize the risk-averse retailer'optimal option order quantity under CVaR criteria and the supplier's optimal option production quantity respectively.The results show that the risk-averse retailer's order quantity increase in his risk parameter and is less than the traditional Newsvendor's order quantity.What's more,the supplier's optimal option production is influenced by the shortage penalty cost.The larger the shortage penalty cost is,the more probability the supplier will produce the full order.Finally,we find the conditions under which option contract can coordinate supply chain in a risk-averse setting.


This article analyzes the possibility,importance,the present situation and the existed questions of the flax industry development in Yunnan,proposes the thoughts and the countermeasures of industrial development,which provides the reference for the development of fiber flax in Yunnan Province.


The charge calibration is very important in detector long-term running. In this paper, an online PMT charge calibration method used in ground-based water Cherenkov detector is introduced, by using Cherenkov photons generated by secondary particles in water, both PMT low-range and high-range can be calibrated by single photon-electron and "μ-peak". Firstly the physical mechanism is introduced, then the result of charge calibration is shown and calibration stability is given at the end.


The article offers information on several guidance and resources on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Great Britain It includes a roundup of relevant data and analysis relating to COVID-19 published by the Office of National Statistics, a series of advice documents for health care professionals on safe and effective practice during the pandemic from the Institute of Health Visiting, and an online dashboard reporting data related to COVID-19 published and updated daily by NHS Digital


The Brazilian botanist F. C. Hoehne contributed to the knowledge of several families, mainly Orchidaceae and Aristolochiaceae. In Aristolochia , he published 29 new species, six varieties/subspecies, most of them without formal designation of holotypes, and four combinations at specific or infraspecific level. Herein, taxonomic novelties, including the reinstatement of A. schmidtiana , and typification of most of those Hoehne's names with designation of 13 lectotypes (including two basionyms combined by him), reduction of two names as new synonyms, and discussion of invalid names are provided.


Combining the model microcomputer electromotor of LBD-MRP-301 protects the practice in the application of my factory , and the briefing should protect the work principles of device and hardware structure component , by it application in really working , and inspects the feature and superiority of its protection.


Abstract Chronic knee disorders, such as patellofemoral pain syndrome and patellar tendinosis, are common injuries in volleyball players. Using a randomized clinical trial, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a 4-month in-season intervention programme on the prevalence of anterior knee pain in volleyball players. No significant differences were observed between the intervention and control group for the prevalence of anterior knee pain after the intervention programme (odds ratio =1.58 [95% confidence interval: 0.60–4.20]). Also, no significant differences were observed for individuals with previously sustained anterior knee pain (OR =0.81 [95% CI: 0.33–2.20]). It was revealed that the risk for recurrent anterior knee pain is significantly higher than the risk for newly sustained anterior knee pain (OR =5.79 [95% CI: 1.59–21.00]). In conclusion, we were unable to confirm any preventive effect of the intervention programme on the prevalence of anterior knee pain. However, a previous study using the same intervention and measuring the effect on the intrinsic risk factors of anterior knee pain showed a positive effect.


Abstract Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is known to be less than fifty percent in winter wheat grain production systems. This study was conducted to determine potential differences in NUE when winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown strictly for forage or grain. The effects of different nitrogen rates on plant N concentrations at different growth stages and on grain yield were investigated in two existing long‐term winter wheat experiments near Stillwater (Experiment 222) and Lahoma (Experiment 502), OK. At both locations in all years, total N uptake was greater when wheat forage was harvested twice (Feekes 6 and flowering) compared to total N uptake when wheat was grown only for grain. Percent N content immediately following flowering was much lower compared to percent N in the forage harvested prior to flowering, indicating relatively large losses of N after flowering. Averaged over locations and years, at the 90 kg N ha−1 rate, wheat produced for forage had much higher NUE (82%) compared with grain production systems (30%). While gaseous N loss was not measured in this trial, the higher NUE values found in the forage production systems were attributed to harvesting prior to anthesis and the time when plant N losses are known to be greater.


This one and a half day meeting which followed the EUROTOX meeting in Prague was attended by over 40 delegates from some 20 countries. It was marred slightly because the delegates from Russia could not be present and also because some papers on pollution topics other than air had been accepted. These are minor points though, when considering that overall the scientific sessions were of a high standard and the questioning of speakers was vigorous and detailed. The organisation of the meeting appeared at first casual to the point of indifference but this was an illusion and everything worked as planned, sessions finished on time and the infrastructure supported the whole very satisfactorily. The meeting was held in the Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and marked the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Faculty in Pilsen.


In reforming the bankruptcy laws in 2005, Congress added several provisions to the Bankruptcy Code regarding the use of chapter 11 by individuals. These changes radically alter the basic chapter 11 rules with respect to individuals; among the most significant change is that postfiling service income, previously allocated to the individual debtor alone (and not available to pay prefiling creditor claims), was made property of the estate available to pay prefiling creditor claims. This article surveys the changes made and their possible impact, and suggests that they are sufficiently radical to have warranted a separate subchapter of chapter 11.


Psychosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may represent a distinct disease phenotype; however, neuropsychological profile and neural basis linked to this phenotype have not yet been clarified. In this study, we aimed at detecting whether impairment in specific cognitive domains predicts the onset of psychosis in AD patients and what grey matter alterations, their location, and the rate of atrophy are associated with psychosis of AD.


The utility model discloses a large-area zinc electrolytic anode plate punching and blanking machine which consists of a connecting member (1) of a four-column press and a punching and blanking die, an upper male die punching and blanking die (2) and a lower female die punching and blanking die (3). According to the large-area zinc electrolytic anode plate punching and blanking machine disclosed by the utility model, a lead plate with an irregular shape can be leveled, punched and cut for edges through a path of work station at one time. The large-area zinc electrolytic anode plate punching and blanking machine has remarkable advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, simpleness in operation, convenience in maintenance and reliable performance.


Problems with the correctness and completeness of environmental assumptions contribute to many accidents in safety-critical systems. The problem is exacerbated when products are modified in new releases or in new products of a product line. In such cases existing sets of environmental assumptions are often carried forward without sufficiently rigorous analysis. This paper describes a new technique that exploits the traceability required by many certifying bodies to reason about the likelihood that environmental assumptions are omitted or incorrectly retained in new products. An analysis of over 150 examples of environmental assumptions in historical systems informs the approach. In an evaluation on three safety-related product lines the approach caught all but one of the assumption-related problems. It also provided clearly defined steps for mitigating the identified issues. The contribution of the work is to arm the safety analyst with useful information for assessing the validity of environmental assumptions for a new product.


THIS IS THE THIRD OF SEVERAL ARTICLES THAT ARE MEANT TO INFORM MINERAL MINERS, COLLECTORS, AND AMATEUR SCIENTISTS ABOUT THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MINERALS THEY COLLECT (previous two: London ...


This paper presents a 64Gb/s, 2.29pJ/b PAM-4 optical transmitter (TX) utilizing a VCSEL. To improve the power efficiency, the TX adopts a quarter-rate architecture consisting of a quadrature clock generator and a 4:1 MUX. By employing an asymmetric push-pull FFE, high-speed PAM-4 signaling based on a VCSEL can be achieved. It is fabricated in a 65nm CMOS technology, occupying an active area of 0.278mm2.


Wittenberg reformers supported the transfer of formerly Catholic Church properties to government possession. This secularization of church property did not mean a rejection of religion per se; on the contrary, secularization of church property meant that political rulers consolidated the scattered ecclesiastical properties and possessions into a common chest so that they could support the reform of the church. While Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt denounced mendicant orders for their begging lifestyle, they called for cities to care for their resident poor so that begging would be obsolete. Their critique became the catalyst for change, including an educated pastorate with preaching as a central component of worship, schools for boys and girls, and a system of poor relief funded by monastic foundations, confraternities, and donations. In the transfer of property to the common chest, Wittenberg reformers were crucial in providing the theological foundations for the transition to a centralized poor relief system.


COVID-19 is still a health problem and it is expected to grow in the coming weeks, especially after the school opens in mid-September (1). Seasonal flu usually appears in mid-October/November and has symptoms overlapping with COVID-19. For these reasons the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes formulated the following recommendations.


It has been shown that testosterone propionate (TP) strongly promotes induction of invasive carcinomas in previously initiated accessory sex organs. In this study, in order to clarify the dose‐dependence of this promotion, TP was given at 3 different levels (high, medium or low doses) using different sizes (2,1 and 0.5 cm. long) of Silastic tube for 40 weeks after administration of 3,2′‐dimethyl‐4‐aminobiphenyl to male F344 rats. The data showed development of invasive carcinomas in the dorso‐lateral and anterior prostate and in the seminal vesicle to be dose‐dependent with the high dose of TP being most effective for tumor induction. Average levels of serum testosterone were approximately 800, 600, 300 and 150 ng/dl in rats given the high to low doses and in control rats, respectively. Development of neoplastic lesions in the ventral prostate demonstrated an inverse dependence on the dose of TP. These findings, together with previous data, suggest that the tumor‐promoting potential of TP on rat prostate is unlikely to be simply due to its androgenic action and other factors should also be considered.


Sarcoma of the uterus was first described by Virchow in 1860. Since then, many isolated cases and collected series of cases have been reported. In most cases the sarcoma is discovered unexpectedly as a result of removing a fibroid tumor, and thus these cases are usually reported as a percentage of cases of uterine fibroids examined pathologically. Opinion differs as to whether malignant myomas are malignant from the beginning or whether they represent a malignant change in an originally benign tumor. Ewing 1 said that these tumors are malignant from the start. Masson 2 took a different viewpoint and felt that they may originate in fibromyomas or in adjacent connective, muscle or endometrial tissue. The reported incidence of uterine sarcoma varies from 0.2 to 10 per cent, with the majority of observers favoring an incidence of 0.5 to 2 per cent. Vogt 3 collected reports of 72,116 cases of myoma


The invention discloses a quick demoulding water-blown low-density integral skin polyurethane-urea composition which comprises a polyalcohol mixture component A and a modified isocyanate component B, wherein the component A is a polyalcohol mixture which comprises polyether glycol, polymer polyol, a cross linking agent, organic diamine, a divalent alcohol chain extender, a nonvolatile catalyst and/or a reactive catalyst, water and color paste; the component B is allophanate modified isocyanate containing 22-31 wt percent of NCO and is formed by polymerizing methyl diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) and polyalcohol with molecular weight of 62-3000. The component A and the component B according to a weight ratio of 100:40-100 are polymerized into integral skin polyurethane-urea with integral intensity of 260-400 kg/m, and the integral skin polyurethane-urea can be demoulded within 60 seconds.


VLBI is gradually moving to the point where Gbps data rates are becoming routine. A number of experiments have shown that the internet can be used at data rates of several hundred Mbps on production networks. However use of the network is accompanied by packet loss. The paper discusses the statistics of packet loss as found by recent tests and investigates the expected effect of packet loss on correlator performance and signal to noise ratio on eVLBI observations. The relative merits of UDP versus TCP are also discussed.


We illustrate effects of competitor spacing for a new class of individual-tree indices of competition that we call semi-distance-independent. This new class is similar to the class of distance-independent indices except that the index is computed independently at each subsampling plot surrounding a subject tree for which growth is to be modelled. We de- rive the effects of distance for this class as the expected value over independent samples containing a particular subject tree. In a previous paper, we illustrated distance effects implicit in eight indices of the distance-dependent class. Here, we present distance effects of four semi-distance-independent indices: density, sum of diameters, basal area, and tree-area ra- tio; each determined for small fixed-area plots of 0.04 ha and for Bitterlich samples of 6 m 2 � ha -1 . We show that several members of this new class have distance effects very similar to the distance-dependent class and should, therefore, be equally effective in accounting for competitive effects in individual-tree increment models. The comparisons should inform selection of competition indices and sampling designs for growth modelling.


going to be presented here. The preparation for the entire book is coherent and consistent; it begins with historical considerations and moves into analytical critiques before establishing revised foundational principles. Then and only then does it proceed to an application on the topics noted. It is quite simply not appropriate to detach a specifi c topic from the carefully presented and consistent whole that The Sexual Person is. May it suffi ce to say that the fi nal product should raise the level of moral expectations for all? Salzman and Lawler wish us to have a consistent, unifi ed vision of an ethic that brings intent, act and consequences together. Regardless of any reader's current perspective, the book can prove valuable. Readers of Horizons , always alert to the issue of pedagogy, ought to be aware that this text is not a good fi t for an ordinary undergraduate class. Given its careful attention to method and careful coverage of the history of debates on the subject and their participants, it would be a very useful text in an appropriate graduate seminar/course setting. Those teaching on the subjects of sexuality, marriage and Christian anthropology must put it on their reading list, even if they do not own a copy.


The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important, soil-borne pathogens with a wide host range. This pathogen is the casual agent of crown rot, root rot and damping off in tomato producing areas. The purpose of this research was to characterize the Rhizoctonia spp. isolates obtained from tomato at different taxonomic levels, to investigated genetic diversity and pathogenicity of these isolates Sampling was carried out in the main tomato growing regions of Khorassan-Razavi Province during 2011-2012. Morphological characteristics such as the hyphal diameter and conformation, presence of dolipore septum, the number of nuclei per hyphal cell, the size of monilioid cells and sclerotia were investigated for the 39 Rhizoctonia spp. isolates obtained from tomato plants. Additionally, 7 R. solani isolates obtained from potato were investigated in this research. In total, 46 Rhizoctonia spp. isolates were obtained which consisted of 41 R. solani isolates and 5 isolates belonged to binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. Morphological characterization revealed variability among the isolates. The anastomosis grouping on slide was primarily used for determining anastomosis groups (AGs) and intraspecific groups (ISGs). The PCR-RFLP method was used to confirm the identified AGs and determine the ISGs. In this method. The ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions of rDNA were amplified using the species-specific primers of R.solani including RS1 and RS4. Then the PCR product was restricted using various restriction enzymes such as Mun I, Mse I, Hinc II and Ava II. The AG and ISG of each isolate was determined by comparing the restriction pattern of each R. solani isolate obtained in this study with the pattern of standard isolates. The PCRRFLP analysis revealed that R. solani isolates belonged to AG2-1, AG3 PT, AG4 HG I, and AG4 HG II with the number of 4, 15, 13, and 9 isolates respectively.


Here is the uploaded files as supporting data which includes Fchks and stdout files (optimized geometries and Roby-Gould bond indices) for the paper titled ''Predicting the primary fragments in mass spectrometry using ab initio Roby-Gould bond indices" Khidhir Alhameedi


The invention relates to an oil filling pipe for an oil tank. The oil filling pipe is composed of an oil filling pipe body, connectors and an exhausting pipe, wherein the oil filling pipe body is fixed to the oil tank through a bolt, and the exhausting pipe is connected to the upper end of the oil filling pipe body and the top of the oil tank through the connectors. By means of bolt installation, the oil filling pipe for the oil tank is convenient to assemble and disassemble.; the exhausting pipe is communicated with the upper end of the oil filling pipe body and the top of the oil tank, so that the exhausting space of the oil tank is increased, the problem that air cannot be exhausted when an oil filling opening is plugged by oil flowing too fast is solved, and the oil filling efficiency is remarkably improved.


ACCEPTANCE; ENTIRE AGREEMENT; MODIFICATION These terms and conditions and the documents referred to herein, if any, govern all Purchase Orders ("Orders") issued by FURUKAWA ELECTRIC MOROCCO SARL or its subsidiaries ("Company") to the Supplier identified on each Order. Fulfillment of any part of an Order, or any other conduct by Supplier which recognizes the existence of a contract pertaining to the subject matter of such Order, shall constitute acceptance by Supplier of such Order and all of the terms and conditions included or referenced on herein (the "Contract Terms"). Company objects to any terms proposed in Supplier's proposal, sales note, acknowledgment or other form of acceptance of Company's offer which add to, vary from, or conflict with the Contract Terms. Any such proposed terms shall be void and the Contract Terms constitute the complete and exclusive statement of the terms and conditions between Company and Supplier. The Contract Terms may be modified only by a written instrument executed by authorized representatives of both Supplier and Company.


Genetics substance sub topic is abstract, so an appropriate media needed to motivate and help students to understand it. The aim of this study is to produce a web-based learning media by utilizing the LMS Moodle on Genetics substance sub topic and describe media feasibility theoretically based on media experts, Genetics experts, and Biology's teacher validation. Empirically based on media legibility. The results showed that the web-based learning media on Genetics substance sub topic were feasible for use in learning process with a very decent categories based on media format aspect (93.65%); suitability of the material (100%), and legibility (95.7%). Keywords: LMS Moodle, web-based learning, genetic substance


We have laser cooled a small cloud of {sup 40}Ca{sup +} ions stored in a Penning trap. The large Zeeman splittings that result from the presence of the imposed magnetic field necessitate the use of two cooling lasers tuned to the {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}-{sup 2}P{sub 1/2} transition near 397 nm (whereas only a single blue laser frequency is required in an rf trap). The 397 nm radiation is provided by a pair of blue diode lasers operated in extended cavities. Ions can escape from the cooling cycle by falling into a {sup 2}D{sub 3/2} state. There is also a small probability that ions can be pumped into a {sup 2}D{sub 5/2} state. The presence of large Zeeman splittings complicates the provision of repumper radiation to empty the D states. We describe two repumping schemes. The first scheme employs five infrared extended cavity diode lasers (ECDL's). The second scheme employs three infrared ECDL's, two of which have their injection current modulated to produce sidebands. An upper bound to the temperature of 1 K is inferred from the linewidth of the 397-nm fluorescence for a small cloud of {sup 40}Ca{sup +} ions in our Penning trap. This work is part of amore » program aimed at using atomic ions in a Penning trap for decoherence studies and quantum information processing.« less


Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) have broad applications such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and for green energy storage from intermittent sources. Current LIBs are limited by their low capacity materials at both the anode and cathode. At the anode, graphite suffers from a low capacity of only 372 mAh g. The most commonly used cathode material is LiCoO2 which has a meager capacity of 140 mAh g. Thereby the broader applications of LIBs are limited due to these low capacities. It is imperative to develop higher capacity materials to further improve the performance of LIBs. Silicon is an ideal candidate to replace commercial anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a leading candidate for cathodes with an impressive capacity of 294 mAh g when two lithium ions are inserted per V2O5 unit. Unfortunately, silicon suffers from an extreme volume expansion of ~300% upon charging. This causes the material to crack leading to permanent capacity loss. V2O5 also suffers from some volume expansion issues, but the biggest obstacle to overcome is its low electrical conductivity and ion diffusivity. Herein, we report the fabrication of composite single, double, and triple-layer asymmetric membranes containing micron size silicon as anode materials and singlelayer asymmetric membranes containing V2O5 as cathode materials. Anodes fabricated with an asymmetric membrane structure demonstrate a capacity of 610 mAh g after 100 cycles with an 88% capacity retention at 0.5 C. Cathodes demonstrate a capacity of over 160 mAh g with ~100% capacity retention at 0.5 C in 380 cycles. It is found that the choice of conductive additives and annealing temperature can have a significant effect on V2O5 particle morphology and cycling performance. Lower annealing temperatures and the addition of conductive graphene are shown to be beneficial to improving cycling performance. This scalable method may provide a universal answer for other anode and cathode materials with volume expansion issues.


Two new technique that test color vision using motion stimuli have allowed us to exploit optokinetic nystagmus as a response measure. We are now able to screen for colorvision deficits in adults and in nonverbal infants by observing their eyes as they watch a computer-controlled TV display. It was shown that the relative contribution of red and green cones to the luminance channels is already in place within the first few months of life.


The dynamical and statistical properties of 100 trajectories on the critical energy surface of the Henon–Heiles model are investigated using statistical and time ensembles and Poincare surfaces of section. The statistical ensembles for chaotic and nonchaotic orbits relax reversibly to statistical equilibrium at different rates. The equilibrium coarse-grained distribution functions for the position and velocity coordinates in the chaotic orbits are very similar to the corresponding chaotic time-ensemble distributions and the distributions predicted by the Statistical Mechanics of an isolated system. The statistical-ensemble and time-ensemble distributions in the nonchaotic orbits are also similar but quite different from the chaotic distributions. The relationship between the nonchaotic distribution functions and the quasi-isolating integral is discussed. Resume : Nous etudions la dynamique et les proprietes statistiques de 100 trajectoires sur la surface d'energie critique d'un modele de Henon-Heiles en utilisant les ensembles statistiques et temporels ainsi que les surfaces de section de Poincare. Les ensembles statistiques pour les orbites chaotiques et pour les orbites non-chaotiques tendent reversiblement vers un equilibre statistique, mais avec des taux differents. Visualisees a faible resolution, les fonctions de distribution a l'equilibre pour la position et la vitesse dans les orbites chaotiques sont tres semblables aux distributions chaotiques temporelles correspondantes et aux distributions predites par la Physique statistique pour un systeme isole. Dans le cas non chaotique, les distributions statistiques et temporelles sont egalement tres semblables mais elles different sensiblement du cas chaotique. Nous examinons la relation entre les fonctions de distribution non-chaotiques et le quasi invariant du mouvement. [Traduit par la redaction]


Abstract This article focuses on two major objectives. The first is the realization in the ANSYS Multiphysics 2017 software of numerical simulations of solar thermoelectric generators (STEG) equipped with vortex tube to supply the accessories of hybrid vehicles according to the solar flux, the vehicle speed and the adjustment of the fraction of cold air from the vortex tube. A comparative study between its simulation results and those of the thermal modeling of the same system recently carried out in literature will also be looked into. Our study is carried out taking into account a solar flux of 178.59 W/m2, the STEG has 3042 thermoelectric couples. Thus, this article is structured in third main points. First a brief presentation of the STEG system, followed by the presentation of its 3-D computer model carried out in ANSYS software. Then a brief reminder of the numerical resolution method in ANSYS 2017 as well as the different boundary conditions to apply to the model is made. Finally, the article will present the results obtained (current and electrical power, temperature variations in the systems) all depending on the speed of the vehicle and the setting of the vortex tube. Also each of its results will be compared with those obtained by mathematical modeling. As results we had found that the maximum values are obtained for cold air fraction settings of 0.9. In addition, the simulation results obtained are fairly close to those obtained by the mathematical model. For example the temperature obtained on the hot side of STEG is 145 °C instead of 143.9 °C, the maximum electric current is 1.495 A instead of 1.499 A and the maximum electric power is 147 W instead of 147.9 W for speeds of 55.5 m/s.


An in vitro procedure for the prognosis of patients for the progression of a cancer, said procedure comprising the following steps: a) quantifying, in a tumor tissue sample of said patient, one or more biological markers indicative of the state of the adaptive immune response of said patient against cancer; and b) comparing the value obtained in step a) for said one or more biological markers with a predetermined reference value for the same biological markers; predetermined reference value that correlates with a specific prognosis of said cancer progression, wherein said one or more biological markers comprise integrin alpha E (ITGAE).


This study evaluates particle density distribution images in a pipe cross-section by means of 3D-wavelet transform that is a parameter to indicate the dominant transition among CT time-space frames. It is clarified a time level 5 and space level 3 is the most particle density transition. The density distributions of solid-air two-phase flow with a time-space transition are measured by a capacitance CT.


We present an approach for conducting probabilistic life cycle cost analyses (LCCA) and life cycle assessments (LCA) and demonstrate its value with case study results. We define uncertainty quantities and methods for characterizing uncertainty for different types of parameters. The approach includes leveraging outputs from Pavement-ME to characterize uncertainty in pavement performance over time. Uncertainty in the input data and scenarios is used in a Monte Carlo analysis to quantify the uncertainty in life cycle costs and environmental impacts. The probabilistic results are then used to calculate several comparative metrics, including the statistical confidence that one alternative has a lower cost or environmental impact than another alternative, and to determine the parameters that contribute most to the variance of the results. The approach enables a wide analysis of the scenario space to determine which scenarios are most relevant to the comparison of alternatives, and iterative analyses that feature refined data selected in the influential parameter analysis. We demonstrate the value of the approach and the benefits of incorporating uncertainty into LCCAs and LCAs via results from cases in the literature. 2 UNCERTAINTY QUANTITIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANALYSIS 2.1 Uncertainty quantities The LCA literature (see (Lloyd & Ries 2007) for a summary) has coalesced around three types of uncertainty for both life cycle inventories (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods: parameter (uncertainty in input data), scenario (uncertainty in choices), and model (uncertainty in mathematical relationships) uncertainty. Differentiating these types of uncertainty can be challenging because of the overlap among them. All forms of uncertainty are expressed as uncertainty in a parameter value, even if there is an aggregate of multiple types of uncertainty. We found guidance on uncertainty quantities from the work of Morgan and Henrion (1990), which defines quantities used in uncertainty analyses for risk and policy analysis. They define eight types of uncertainty quantities. The five that are of most relevance to LCA and LCCA are listed in Table 1. There will likely be a single decision variable and only a few outcome criteria for each analysis. However, there will almost certainly be numerous empirical, model domain, and value parameters. Some empirical quantities will be used directly in life cycle inventories, such as quantities of material inputs or emission outputs; these are inventory parameters. However, other empirical quantities are actually model parameters, such as pavement thickness or vehicle fuel efficiency, which are used to calculate inventory parameters. Table 1. Summary of types of quantities in LCAs and LCCAs. Content adapted from (Morgan & Henrion


The comparative analysis of influence of low-intensity electromagnetic fields on the processes of self-assembly of core histones H2A and H2B was performed. To study the self-organization of histones H2A and H2B used the method of wedge dehydration. Image-facies analysis included their qualitative characteristics, as well as the calculation of quantitative indicators, followed by statistical analysis. It was established that electromagnetic radiation changes the self-organization of histones. At the same time, there is a differential sensitivity of histones to the influence of the red laser and UHF irradiation. Established fact influence of low-intensity electromagnetic fields on the process of self-assembly of core histones offers the prospect of further study of the biological effects of these types of radiation.


Contents: Essay on Paul's early letters (1 and 2 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians), on his earliest theology, on method in Pauline studies, and on Greek letter structure.


This paper studies forward and reverse projections for the Rényi divergence of order α E (0, ∞) on α-convex sets. The forward projection on such a set is motivated by some works of Tsallis et al. in statistical physics, and the reverse projection is motivated by robust statistics. In a recent work, van Erven and Harremoës proved a Pythagorean inequality for Rényi divergences on α-convex sets under the assumption that the forward projection exists. Continuing this study, a sufficient condition for the existence of a forward projection is proved for probability measures on a general alphabet. For α ϵ (1, ∞), the proof relies on a new Apollonius theorem for the Hellinger divergence, and for α E (0, 1), the proof relies on the Banach- Alaoglu theorem from the functional analysis. Further projection results are then obtained in the finite alphabet setting. These include a projection theorem on a specific α-convex set, which is termed an α-linear family, generalizing a result by Csiszar to α ≠ 1. The solution to this problem yields a parametric family of probability measures, which turns out to be an extension of the exponential family, and it is termed an α-exponential family. An orthogonality relationship between the α-exponential and α-linear families is established, and it is used to turn the reverse projection on an α-exponential family into a forward projection on an α-linear family. This paper also proves a convergence result of an iterative procedure used to calculate the forward projection on an intersection of a finite number of α-linear families.


Even though nowadays medicine is necessarily linked with technology, it is still a service involving a lot of human interaction. Indeed, a medical consultation can be an extremely complex example of human interaction. This is where game theory may play a key role in helping to improve the results of medical processes. Game theory is widely used in an immense variety of study fields, but there is little application to healthcare issues, namely the doctor-patient relationship. This study uses game theory to model the liver transplantation consultation for patients suffering from Alcoholic Liver Disease. This is a very delicate disease, and patients at its end-stages require special dedication. They may try to deceive doctors, which may lead to bad outcomes. Strategic and extensive form games are analysed, and the equilibrium solutions computed. Results show some health policy implications on the parameters that should be managed to achieve better outcomes. The analysis of the strategic form game shows which parameters influence the cooperation rates, both for the doctor and the patient. The analysis of the extensive form game shows how to obtain a more cooperative outcome, depending on the player (patient or doctor) that moves first.


to the editor: As some of our commenters appreciate (see Ref. [2][1]), our Viewpoint ([4][2]) is that classical "impedance analysis" inevitably produces two important, conspicuously unexplained results: 1 ) equal and opposite, self-cancelling, diastolic "flow waves" and 2 ) "apparently


The invention protected the manufacturing defects or to a thin film transistor substrate, a display device, a thin film transistor substrate manufacturing method and display device manufacturing method using the same comprising the same can be reduced, the insulating layer and, arranged on the insulating layer electrode; It provides a display device, a thin film transistor substrate and a method for manufacturing a display device manufacturing method using the same that includes a thin film transistor substrate, this having a main relief layer for connecting the upper surface of the side of the electrode and the insulating layer.


Smile and particle treatment apparatus includes a flow path, the multi-filter unit and the fluid conveyance. The passage provides a space for the flow of the fluid containing the fine particles. The multi-filter portion being disposed in the flow path, each having an aperture of a different shape for passing said fluid has at least two thin-film structure to be alone or arranged together in the flow path. By transferring the fluid transfer unit, the fluid in the forward direction or the reverse direction of the flow passage is passed through the multi-part filter.


Kielland rotational forceps deliveries often divide opinion. Love or hate them, as many maternity professionals do, what does the current evidence say? The aim of the metaanalysis by Giacchino et al. was to estimate the risk of maternal and neonatal complications following Kielland forceps births more accurately, when compared with rotational ventouse, nonrotational forceps birth and secondstage caesarean section. The authors included 13 observational studies, all published after 2000 to ref lect current practice, and reported metaanalyses using a randomeffects model to allow for clinical heterogeneity. Unsurprisingly, the authors found that Kielland forceps births had lower rates of postpartum haemorrhage and of low 5minute Apgar score compared with secondstage caesarean. When the cervix is fully dilated, a caesarean has been yet again shown not to be the best 'way out', except when it becomes the only 'way out' after a failed attempt at instrumental vaginal birth. They also found that babies born by Kielland forceps had lower prevalence of significant trauma compared with rotational ventouse, similar to AlWattar et al. (Curr Opin Obstet Gynaecol 2015;27:438– 44). This is hardly surprising; despite their notoriety, Kielland forceps in the hands of a trained experienced accoucheur can be applied to posterior and transverse malposition, prematurity, face presentation and in the presence of significant caput. They can also be used for 'asynclitic occipitoanterior', a term that has crept into practice in the last couple of decades to describe an occiput more than 45 degrees from the midline where nonrotational forceps could not and should not be used. In observational studies in single centres with expertise, including the papers included in Giacchino et al., Kielland forceps are highly effective. This brings us to key issues not addressed in the review by Giacchino et al. Who is trained nowadays to use Kielland forceps safely? And are they safe enough for a woman's perineum? In a national UK audit (Tempest et al., Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99:537– 45) Kielland forceps were used less often than other methods, particularly for transverse occiput positions. When they were used, the rate of anal sphincter injury was higher with Kielland forceps compared with manual rotation. ROTATE, a multicentre randomised controlled trial in the UK, aims to address these issues with robust methods, and also to examine other important outcomes including mental health and continence (https://fundi ngawa rds.nihr.ac.uk/ award/ NIHR1 27818). Concurrently, innovative research with nanosensors (Jaufuraully et al., BJOG 2022;129:71) has the potential to make rotational birth techniques safer and more effective, regardless of the method used. Such research may take a while before it produces findings applicable to clinical practice. In the meantime, it remains critical not only to train accoucheurs appropriately – for example, with courses such as ROBUST and ART&CRAFT in the UK, but also to propagate good clinical practice beyond isolated silos, before obstetricians become completely deskilled globally. A possible solution would be for centres of excellence in rotational birth to offer apprenticeships to senior obstetricians from other maternity units. Training junior accoucheurs cannot translate into safer practice unless their mentors are also trained and confident to supervise them.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device for nonlinear distortion compensation capable of updating a distortion compensation data so as to reduce each of out-of-band component electric power, such as the 3rd distortion and the 5th distortion components, in order to attain optimality in the distortion compensation data for the transmitter of a wireless communication system for performing adaptive digital pre-distortion. SOLUTION: According to the method and the device for nonlinear distortion compensation, nonlinear distortion is appended to an inputted quadrature baseband signal by signal processing of the signal and a distortion compensation data. The signal is quadrature modulated, and the modulated signal is amplified with an amplifier having nonlinear input/output characteristics. The amplified signal is transmitted. On this occasion, distortion component electric power is detected which is out-of-band component of an effective band for the modulated signal, is detected. Variance in the distortion component electric power is monitored by changing the distortion compensation data, and a distortion compensation data where the distortion component electric power becomes the smallest is selected for compensating nonlinear distortion of the amplifier. In detail, distortion component electric power of a plurality of frequency bands is detected from out-of-band component of an effective band of the modulated signal, and a distortion compensation data are selected with which distortion component electric power of each frequency band becomes a predetermined value or below. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI


Introduction. Nondestructive measurement of residual stress induced by the welding process is of a technical, as well as fundamental issue. Conventional residual stress evaluation methods which utilize X-ray, or ultrasound allow accurate measurement in the microscopic level, while these have disadvantages of the small measurable area up to a few millimeters square and a time-consuming process to apply to a large area. Optical interferometer including electro speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) can measure the surface deformation in full field, and is applied as a destructive way which visualizes a released strain. On the other hand, in the previous works(1), we have proposed a simple method for residual stress analysis with a combination technique of the ESPI and the acoustoelasticity, and confirmed the feasibility of residual stress analysis with visualization of minimum deformation of the measurement object. The present study focuses on thermal deformation to apply the minimum deformation. Thermal deformation of the material under an external stress is visualized with the ESPI sensitive to in-plane displacement. The influence of the external stress initially applied on the deformation behavior is discussed.


The standard training approach for a hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognition system uses an expectation maximization (EM) based supervised training framework to estimate parameters. EM-based parameter estimation for speech recognition is performed using several complicated stages of iterative reestimation. These stages are heuristic in nature and prone to human error. This paper describes a new training recipe that reduces the complexity of the training process, while retaining the robustness of the EM-based supervised training framework. This paper show that the network training recipe can achieve comparable recognition performance to a traditional trainer while alleviating the need for complicated systems and training recipes for spoken language processing systems.


In this paper we introduce a large body of virtual human action silhouette (ViHASi) data that we have recently generated for the purpose of evaluating a family of action recognition methods. These are the silhouette-based human action recognition methods. This synthetic multi-camera video data-set consists of 20 action classes, 9 actors and up to 40 synchronized perspective cameras. This data-set has been recently made available online for other researchers to download. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the ViHASi data we make use of an existing action recognition method that is simple and relatively fast. Moreover, to deal with long video sequences containing several action samples, a practical temporal segmentation algorithm is introduced and tested that is tightly coupled with the action recognition method used. The experimental methodologies outlined here provides a route towards quantitatively comparing silhouette-based action recognition methods.


two keyword-extraction ways are usually used, one is simply using the information from exactly single word like word frequency and TF.IDF, the other is based on the relationship between words. The relationship is usually described as word similarity which derives from a corpus (WordNet, HowNet) or man-made thesaurus. With the information explosion nowdays, the words we using are growing and changing rapidly. A lot of new words are not specified in man-made corpus. This paper proposes a new method to build a word similarity thesaurus. Using the semantic information from the thesaurus, together with TF.IDF and word's first occurrence, a keyword extraction algorithm is demonstrated, the results and analysis are also given.


This investigation explores two diverse representations of the iconic figure and musical career of Benny Moré through the genres of film and theater, both of which respond to an arduous time period of transition and the strained political aspirations of the revolution following the Special Period. While Luis Sánchez' film El Benny reflects a reification of Castro's Cuba through the concepts of race and class, Alberto Pedro's theatrical work, Delirio habanero, which also embarks upon concepts of race, contemplates more profound issues related to the contradictory aspects of a political system that has endured for more than half a century. Through his unique characterization of Benny on stage, we can envision a more complex historical past that struggles to embrace cultural, economic and political fluctuations of the present, while still managing to resolve some of the more heartrending and far-reaching casualties of the revolution provoked by exile.


1 INTRODUCTIONThe conversion of solar energy into electrical or chemical energy in aphotoelectrochemical cell has been investigated.And so has the conversion of visiblelight spectrum to store the chemical energy of hydrogen from artifical sea-water in anovel semiconductor septum electrochemical photovoltaic(SC-SEP)cell [1,2].The mainproblems awaiting better solutions are the conversion efficiency of the cell and thestability of the wide band and the narrow band gap semiconductors.This relates,in


Introduction Prevalence of asthma is higher in boys during childhood but in women in adulthood. Recent studies point to the role of hormones in explaining these gender-age differences but often single markers of hormone levels have been assessed. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of history of asthma in young adulthood with different hormone markers during adolescence. Methods Historical cohort of students (11 274 men and 3502 women) attending Glasgow University between 1948 and 1968, that participated to a health survey. Medical history of asthma, eczema/urticaria and hay fever were collected. Age of menarche, duration and regularity of menstruation and acne were also recorded. Results Among women, older age of menarche (1-year increase) was associated with atopic asthma (asthma with eczema/urticaria or hay fever) (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.85). Irregular menstrual cycle was associated with atopic asthma (OR=2.68, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.61) and atopy (eczema /urticaria or hay fever) (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.83) but not with non-atopic asthma (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.36 to 2.05). Acne was not robustly associated with atopic (OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.32) or non-atopic (OR=0.78, 0.33 to 1.86) asthma. Among men, those with acne had lower risk of eczema/urticaria alone (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.68) but some evidence of higher risk of hay fever alone (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.53). Conclusion Age of menarche and irregular menstruation were associated with higher risk of atopic asthma and atopy in women whereas acne was associated with lower risk of eczema/urticaria among male students.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to validate the use of the Zarit scale for the identification and follow up of caregivers burden in palliative care.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
We used the Zarit scale and performed a semistructured interview (on admission and at 10 days) to 44 inpatients' carers.

RESULTS
We found that both the Zarit scale and the interview were strongly associated in the identification of caregivers burden (kappa = 0.879; p < 0.005). Significant improvement of caregivers burden at 10 days was seen (p < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
The Zarit scale is a useful tool for the identification and follow up of caregivers burden. Admission to a palliative care unit improves significantly the level of caregivers burden.


Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing disorder that can be caused by various factors such as age, hearing loss, exposure to loud noises, ear infections or tumors, certain medications, head or neck injuries, and psychological conditions like anxiety and depression. While not every patient requires medical attention, about 20% of sufferers seek clinical intervention. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. New developments have been made in tinnitus detection to aid in early detection of this illness. Over the past few years, there has been a notable growth in the usage of electroencephalography (EEG) to study variations in oscillatory brain activity related to tinnitus. However, the results obtained from numerous studies vary greatly, leading to conflicting conclusions. Currently, clinicians rely solely on their expertise to identify individuals with tinnitus. Researchers in this field have incorporated various data modalities and machine-learning techniques to aid clinicians in identifying tinnitus characteristics and classifying people with tinnitus. The purpose of writing this article is to review articles that focus on using machine learning (ML) to identify or predict tinnitus patients using EEG signals as input data. We have evaluated 11 articles published between 2016 and 2023 using a systematic literature review (SLR) method. This article arranges perfect summaries of all the research reviewed and compares the significant aspects of each. Additionally, we performed statistical analyses to gain a deeper comprehension of the most recent research in this area. Almost all of the reviewed articles followed a five-step procedure to achieve the goal of tinnitus. Disclosure. Finally, we discuss the open affairs and challenges in this method of tinnitus recognition or prediction and suggest future directions for research.


To investigate the effects of the relatively selective T‐type Ca2+‐antagonists, mibefradil and flunarizine, and the L‐type Ca2+‐antagonist, nifedipine, on the contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles of human vas deferens, to elucidate the possible involvement of T‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VOCs) in the contractile function of the tissue.


Background: Therapeutic guidelines in essential thrombocytemia (ET) are based on established criteria, ie. age more than 60 years, history of thrombosis, platelets more than 1000-1500 ×109/L and to lesser degree cardio-vascular risk factors. Hydroxyurea and anagrelide are the most commonly used cytoreductive therapy for high risk ET. Despite a proven activity in Ph negative myeloproliferative disorders, generalized use and efficacy of Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) have been hampered by frequent side effects. Nonetheless it is a non leukemogenic therapeutic option for younger patients (pts) and during pregnancy. Two phase II trials using Pegylated (Peg) forms of IFN-α in pts with polycythemia vera (PV) or high risk ET have provided interesting results: i) an improved toxicity profile generally associated with a rapid hematolologic response, ii) a molecular response described in a subset of JAK2V617F positive PV or ET pts treated with PegIFN-α. Aim: To estimate the rationale of PegIFN-α therapy selection in high risk ET patients, efficacy and tolerance. Methods:Cases of high risk ET patients, who started PegIFN-α therapy between 2006 and 2011, were reported by centres of the French Intergroup of Myeloproliferative disorders and included in an observational study. We collected information regarding history of MPN, treatment, hematologic response at different timepoints, toxicities related to PegIFN-α, thrombo-hemorrhagic events and hematologic progression. The current analysis was performed on 103 consecutive pts. Results: Median follow-up from ET diagnosis was 9 years (3-27). 74% of pts were female, median age was 37 years (range 16-67). Previous vascular event was observed in 36% of cases and JAK2V617F mutation was detected in 52% of pts. . Median time from diagnosis to PegIFN-α was 40 months (1-255). PegIFN-α was administered after hydroxyurea and anagrelide in second or third line (56% and 27% respectively). No prior therapy has been used for 16% of pts. Reasons for starting PegIFN-α were lack of hematologic response (21%), toxicity to prior therapies (17%), pregnancy (15%), or medical decision for younger pts (47%). Pts received either PegIFNα-2a (n=91) or PegIFNα-2b (n=12), based on physician decision. According to the 2009 European LeukemiaNet criteria and with a median exposure to PegIFN-α of 29 months (1-92), 81% of pts achieved a complete hematologic response (CHR). Cumulative incidence of CHR were 58 % (95% CI: 49-68), 73% (95% CI: 65-81) and 80% (95% CI: 71-87) at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. By analysing the response according to JAK2 status, cumulative incidence of CHR was better for the JAK2V617F positive subgroup (p=0.0183, overall). At 36 months estimated CHR rates were 89% (95% CI: 79-95) and 70% (95% CI: 57-82) for JAK2VF positive vs negative subgroup respectively. Median exposure to PegIFN-α was 29 months in both groups. At last follow-up, with a median of 42 months since PegIFN-α initiation, 53% of the pts were still treated with PegIFN-α. Among them, 76% have maintained a CHR. Reasons for discontinuation of PegIFN-α (47% of pts) were consecutive to PegIFN-α toxicity (59%), -mainly chronic moderate non hematologic toxicity-, or hematologic responses were considered insufficient in16%. In addition, PegIFN-α has been stopped in a subset of pts who achieved a durable stable CHR. In Conclusion, This study provides results of PegIFN-α therapy in a cohort of high risk ET pts not included in clinical trials. In this selected population of young pts, a durable efficacy of therapy was observed in half of patients. Characteristics of hematologic response according to molecular status will be presented. These results support the PegIFN-α as an alternative therapy to hydroxyurea and anagrelide in high risk ET, and warrant its investigation in further prospective randomized studies. Disclosures Roy:Merck: Peg-Interferon provided for academic clinical trial in CML Other. Off Label Use: Peg-Interferon in essential thrombocythemia. Gyan:Roche: Research Funding. Nicolini:BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Ariad: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Kiladjian:Roche: Peg-Interferon provided for academic clinical trial in PV Other.


Sequential product recommendation, aiming at predicting the products that a target user will interact with soon, has become a hotspot topic. Most of the sequential recommendation models focus on learning from users' interacted product sequences in a purely data-driven manner. However, they largely overlook the knowledgeable substitutable and complementary relations between products. To address this issue, we propose a novel Substitutable and Complementary Graph-based Sequential Product Recommendation model, namely, SCG-SPRe. The innovations of SCG-SPRe lie in its two main modules: (1) The module of interactive graph neural networks jointly encodes the high-order product correlations in the substitutable graph and the complementary graph into two types of relation-specific product representations. (2) The module of kernel-enhanced transformer networks adaptively fuses multiple temporal kernels to characterize the unique temporal patterns between a candidate product to be recommended and any interacted product in a target behavior sequence. Thanks to the seamless integration of the two modules, SCG-SPRe obtains candidate-dependent user representations for different candidate products to compute the corresponding ranking scores. We conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets, demonstrating SCG-SPRe is superior to competitive sequential recommendation baselines and validating the benefits of explicitly modeling the product-product relations.


Protein S‐palmitoylation (hereinafter referred to as protein palmitoylation) is a reversible lipid posttranslational modification catalyzed by the zinc finger DHHC‐type containing (ZDHHC) protein family. The reverse reaction, depalmitoylation, is catalyzed by palmitoyl‐protein thioesterases (PPTs), including acyl‐protein thioesterases (APT1/2), palmitoyl protein thioesterases (PPT1/2), or alpha/beta hydrolase domain‐containing protein 17A/B/C (ABHD17A/B/C). Proteins encoded by several oncogenes and tumor suppressors are modified by palmitoylation, which enhances the hydrophobicity of specific protein subdomains, and can confer changes in protein stability, membrane localization, protein–protein interaction, and signal transduction. The importance for protein palmitoylation in tumorigenesis has just started to be elucidated in the past decade; palmitoylation appears to affect key aspects of cancer, including cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and antitumor immunity. Here we review the current literature on protein palmitoylation in the various cancer types, and discuss the potential of targeting of palmitoylation enzymes or palmitoylated proteins for tumor treatment.


Four cases of gas gangrene, each with a fatal outcome, associated with intra-abdominal primary foci, are recorded. Two of these were associated with gangrene of the small bowel, one was associated with perforation of a duodenal ulcer, and one followed partial gastrectomy. The relationship of the identified toxins produced by Clostridium welchii to gas gangrene and its treatment is considered. High doses of penicillin given intravenously, the administration of polyvalent serum, and now hyperbaric oxygen therapy, together with removal of all necrotic tissues, are the rational therapeutic measures.


The time-division multiple access (TDMA) digital cellular system provides new services, lower system cost and spectrum economy. The authors describe functional evaluation results in the seven-base-station network in the Tokyo metropolitan area, such as call connection/quality and handoff with MAHO (mobile assisted handoff). The higher quality of the G3 fax transmission and MNP modem transmission in the digital cellular network compared to the quality in conventional analog cellular networks is confirmed.


RIVERSEA is a vessel that is based on a new concept. When she starts a journey from a shallow, midtown river, she is a monohull; when sailing at high speed at sea, she is transformed into a catamaran by a mechanism that elevates her cabin. A report is presented of the design work and model tests, step by step, and the successful results of the vessel's sea trials are also discussed.


With the comparison between the volume of Various Rhymes which is unearthed in Heicheng and collected in Russia and ZHOU Zumo′s collation and annotation volume of Various Rhymes,this paper presented some opinions about individual words in the book.


Advances in information technology have been embraced by the rail industry, but the innovations are not always effective. Electronic information boards at mainline stations do not always work and the information displayed can be inaccurate. Customers want real-time information that is reliable. LCD screens are sometimes too small for the amount of information displayed or are placed at locations where they block access. On-board television screen information has seen good progress, but it is expensive to install such systems during train refurbishment programmes. A joint project is being conducted by Railtrack and the Association of Train Operating Companies in the UK to improve passenger information. A system using the Avantix Traveller and Avantix Mobile technology are being trialled on the Gatwick Express service.


In this article, an evaluation study was conducted on an Application Layer Cooperative Automatic Repeat ReQuest Algorithm ALC-ARQ designed for data streaming over a Wi-Fi Unmanned Aerial Vehicles standalone networks. A simulation model in NS-3 was implemented to investigate the performances of the method and conduct a comparative analysis with well-known routing protocols such like Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) in terms of declaring link state information, rapidity of relaying and transmission range. The QoS metrics measured was Packet Loss Rate (PLR) and One-way Transmission Delay. Results show that the proposed method consistently outperform the classical routing protocols it terms of rapidity of relying and transmission range. In addition, the results show that the method maintains its stability it terms of packet recovery along the relay-node transmission range and keeps the QoS metrics under the permissible rates.


Objective: Present research work was undertaken to develop a simple, rapid and precise high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous analysis of Levosulpiride (LSP) and Esomeprazole (ESP) in capsule dosage form. Methods: Separation of Levosulpiride and Esomeprazole was achieved on precoated aluminium plates with silica gel 60 F254. Solvent system used for separation was ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (9: 1: 0.5, v/v/v). Detection wavelength selected for the scanning in reflectance absorbance mode was 216 nm. Results: The retardation factor (Rf) for LSP and ESP were found to be 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.64 ± 0.02, respectively. The method was validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Linearity range was found to be 100-1000 ng band-1 for both Levosulpiride and Esomeprazole. Conclusion: The validated densitometric method can be used for the concurrent quantification of Levosulpiride and Esomeprazole in combined capsule dosage form.