[Objective] To study the effects of combined application of different elements on alfalfa hay yield.[Method] Potassium sulfate,ammonium chloride,superphosphate and magnesium oxide were applied to alfalfa field in the experiment,and quaternary quadratic regression orthogonal combination was used to examine the effects of the experiment factors on hay yield of alfalfa.[Result] The order of targets based on the effects on hay yield is as follows: potassium sulfate ammonium chloride magnesium oxide superphosphate.Among them,the potassium sulfate had a significant impact on alfalfa hay yield.The interaction between potassium sulfate and magnesium oxide also had a significant impact on alfalfa hay yield.[Conclusion] The optimal cultivation measures for alfalfa hay yield of more than 19 224.6 kg/hm2 are as follows: potassium sulfate,163.352-181.679 kg/hm2;ammonium chlorie,155.877-174.258 kg/hm2;superphosphate,566.177-632.924 kg/hm2;and magnesium oxide,30.060-33.628 kg/hm2.


The horizontal-vertical illusion was examined in the present psychophysical study. The data obtained supports the suggestion that both the relative positioning of the lines and overall orientation of the stimulus significantly influence the illusion magnitude.


The relationship of the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) with gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons differs within different thalamic nuclei and animal species. In this study, the distribution of PV and GABA throughout the thalamus of the guinea pig was investigated at the light microscopic level by using immunoperoxidase methods. Intense PV labelling was found in all the GABAergic neurons of the reticular nucleus and in scattered GABAergic neurons in the anteroventral nucleus, whereas GABAergic interneurons in the ventrobasal and lateral geniculate nuclei were not PV labelled.


NIA SARI. Leucocyte Dynamics on Delayed Union Fracture Healing with Combination of Estradiol and Insulin like Growth Factor I. Supervised by RIKI SISWANDI & GUNANTI. Delayed union fracture (DUF) is a slower fracture healing process with callus formation starts on fourth weeks after the fracture occurred. We conducted this research to evaluate the leucocytes dynamics of NZW rabbits which suffered DUF and received combination of estradiol (E2) 3% and Insulin like Growth Factor I (IGF–I) 1%. Total of six NZW male rabbits with ± 3 kgs of body weight divided into two groups. The first group were received estradiol 0.4 ml and IGF– I 1 ml while the second group only injected with aquades 1 ml as a placebo. Delayed union fracture were initiated on right tibia bone under aseptic surgery. Blood samples were collected from auricularis vein for total leukocyte counts and differential leukocyte counts (lymphocyte, monocyte eosinophyls, and neutrophyls counts). Samples were taken before treatment and day 14, 28 and 42 post surgery. There were no significant different between groups. We suggested that estradiol 3% and IGFI were unaffected to leucocyte dynamics during DFU healing. This indicated the treatment combination E2 3% and IGF–I 1% can be accepted by the body very well. Keyword: Delayed union fracture, estradiol, Insulin like Growth Factor I, leucocytes. Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kedokteran Hewan pada Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan NIA SARI DINAMIKA LEUKOSIT PADA PERSEMBUHAN FRAKTUR DELAYED UNION DENGAN PERLAKUAN KOMBINASI ESTRADIOL DAN INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR 2015


With the current move towards adopting mechanistic-empirical concepts in the design of pavement structures, state-of-the-art mechanistic analysis methodologies are needed to determine accurate pavement responses, such as stress, strain, and deformation. Previous laboratory studies of pavement foundation geomaterials, i.e., unbound granular materials used in base/subbase layers and fine-grained soils of a prepared subgrade, have shown that the resilient responses followed by nonlinear, stress-dependent behavior under repeated wheel loading. This nonlinear behavior is commonly characterized by stress-dependent resilient modulus material models that need to be incorporated into finite element (FE) based mechanistic pavement analysis methods to predict more realistically predict pavement responses for a mechanistic pavement analysis. Developed user material subroutine using aforementioned resilient model with nonlinear solution technique and convergence scheme with proven performance were successfully employed in general-purpose FE program, ABAQUS. This numerical analysis was investigated in predicted critical responses and domain selection with specific mesh generation was implemented to evaluate better prediction of pavement responses. Results obtained from both axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear FE analyses were compared and remarkable findings were described for nonlinear FE analysis. The UMAT subroutine performance was also validated with the instrumented full scale pavement test section study results from the Federal Aviation Administration's National Airport Pavement Test Facility (FAA's NAPTF).


hypogonadism is linked to type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Very low testosterone levels have been directly associated to insulin resistance, muscle weakness and adipose tissue hypertrophy, three important aspects of glycemic control. We therefore investigated whether improving glycemic control through diet may reduce hypogonadism.


Integral capture measurements were made for highly enriched isotopes of neodymium, samarium and europium irradiated in a row 8 position of EBR-II with samples located both at mid-plane and in the axial reflector. Broad response, resonance, and threshold dosimeters were included to characterize the neutron spectra at the sample locations. The saturation reaction rates for the rare-earth samples were determined by post-irradiation mass-spectrometric analyses and for the dosimeter materials by the gamma-spectrometric method. The HEDL maximum-likelihood analysis code, FERRET, was used to make a least-squares adjustment of the ENDF/B-IV rare-earth cross sections based on the measured dosimeter and fission-product reaction rates. Preliminary results to date indicate a need for a significant upward adjustment of the capture cross sections for /sup 143/Nd, /sup 145/Nd, /sup 147/Sm and /sup 148/Sm. 14 references.


The paper presents the design of a fully differential gain boosted operational amplifier (opamp). The opamp is designed for high performance analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Both the main opamp and the boosted opamp are fully differential folded-cascode opamp. The main opamp has a switch capacitor common mode feedback circuit. The opamp is designed in 0.13m CMOS process with 1.2V power supply. Spectre simulation shows that the opamp has the DC gain of 87dB and the unity gain bandwidth of 388MHz.


OBJECTIVE: To establish a controllable management system for clinical pharmacy so as to ensure its quality.METHODS: The clinical pharmacy work was programmed by applying classical PDCA management.RESULTS: By using PDCA cycle,the working system and standards for clinical pharmacists were able to be set up and the performance of clinical pharmacists could be evaluated so as to be preliminarily approved by the clinic.CONCLUSION: The PDCA management can be applied in the clinical pharmacy as well as in the management of hospital pharmacy.


Magnesium hydride has been regarded as a promising hydrogen storage material. However, its further commercialization is severely hampered by its stable thermodynamic and sluggish kinetic performance. Herein, to simultaneously solve above two problems, a bimetallic oxide Ni3(VO4)2 has been synthesized and applied to catalyze the hydrogen storage reaction of MgH2. Benefiting from the formation of the Mg2Ni alloy, as well as kinetic modulation of V, the dehydrogenation temperature decreased to 210 °C, with a promising rehydrogenation capacity of 2.3 wt% near room temperature. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was employed to comprehensively reveal local structures of Ni and V in different states, with the detection of NiV2O4 intermediate active species for the first time. This work not only elucidates the structure evolution of the Ni3(VO4)2 catalyst, but also clarifies the synergistic effect between Ni and V, which sheds light on further rational designs for multi-element metallic catalysts.


10 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates cellular energy homeostasis by 11 inhibiting anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes. Recent studies have 12 demonstrated that metformin, which is an AMPK activator, modifies alternative 13 precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. However, no direct substrate of AMPK for 14 alternative pre-mRNA splicing has been reported. In the present study, we identified the 15 splicing factor serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) as a novel AMPK 16 substrate. AMPK directly phosphorylated SRSF1 at Ser133 in an RNA recognition 17 motif. Ser133 phosphorylation suppressed the interaction between SRSF1 and specific 18 RNA sequences without altering the subcellular localization of SRSF1. Moreover, 19 AMPK regulated the SRSF1-mediated alternative pre-mRNA splicing of Ron, which is 20 a macrophage-stimulating protein receptor, by suppressing its interaction with exon 12 21 of Ron pre-mRNA. The findings of this study revealed that the AMPK-dependent 22 phosphorylation of SRSF1 at Ser133 inhibited the ability of SRSF1 to bind RNA and 23 regulated alternative pre-mRNA splicing.


Dynamically, health is the phase of the life process characterized by relatively efficient and stable homeostatic balance of vital forces. It consists of a minimum of maladjustment within the individual and in his relation to society and physical environment, a capacity for ready recovery from disturbances, and a fair assurance of the continuation of the stability. However, its evaluation is relative and varies according to the perspective of the individual, the physician, or society. Descriptively, the concept of health is synonymous with those of personality or constitution. Traits are also its unit features. A pathology of health is a valid view and refers to defects and limitations. The therapy of health is concerned with the maintenance of health, the alleviation and improvement of defects, the forestalling of disturbance of health by disease and the protection of community health. An adequate nosology requires a paired diagnosis including the basic health (constitution or personality) of the individ...


Abstract Question: Which restoration measures (introduction of donor diaspore material, application of straw mulch, alteration of residual peat depths) contribute to the establishment of a fen plant community on minerotrophic surfaces after peat mining? Location: Rivière-du-Loup peatland, southern Québec, Canada at 100 m a.s.l. Methods: The effectiveness of introducing fen plants with the application of donor diaspore material was tested. The donor diaspore material, containing seeds, rhizomes, moss fragments, and other plant propagules, was collected from two different types of natural fens. We tested whether the application of straw mulch would increase fen species cover and biodiversity compared to control plots without straw mulch. Terrace levels of different peat depths (15 cm, 40 cm, and 56 cm) were created to test the effects of different environmental site conditions on the success of re-vegetation. Results:Applying donor seed bank from natural fens was found to significantly increase fen plant cover and richness after the two growing seasons. Straw mulch proved to significantly increase fen plant richness. The intermediate terrace level (40 cm) had the highest fen plant establishment. Compared to reference sites, the low terrace level (15 cm) was richer in base cations, whereas the high terrace level (56 cm) was much drier. Conclusions: The application of donor diaspore material was demonstrated as an effective technique for establishing vascular fen plants. Further rewetting measures are considered necessary at the restoration site to create a fen ecosystem rather than simply restoring some fen species. Nomenclature: Gleason & Cronquist (1991) for vascular plants; Anderson (1990) for Sphagnopsida; Anderson et al. (1990) for other mosses.


THE publication in book form of the first six numbers of "The Open Window" (4s. 6d. net.), offers an opportunity for estimating the value of this periodical, or a t least detecting its tendency. " I t s single aim," we know, "is the expression of that free vision of things which is more definitely associated with the word art ; " and it is intended to have " a quality imaginative rather than controversial, less critical than creative. " I cannot "eat the air, promise-crammed," as Hamlet did ; "you cannot feed capons so." I have looked through "The Open Window," and to the question : "DO you see nothing there? " I can only reply in the words of the mother of Hamlet : "Nothing at all ; yet all that is, I see." There is no laughter in these 375 pages ; unless it be of that kind described by Giuseppe Caponsacchi in the lines : Nay, good my lords, but laugh you did. As good As laugh: what in a judge we style laughter. No levity : nothing indecorous, lords.


In this article we studied in creams are topical preparation for the applied on the skin. "viscous liquid or semisolid emulsion is called as cream" The topical formulation is used to introduced the drug into the skin or mucous membrane of skin. And also for the different skin disorders. In this article we also discussed in the types of creams and there examples. Then studied the creams is pharmaceutical product because they prepared on the basis of technology in pharmaceutical industry. They may be medicated or non medicated or they are herbal, ayurvedic & allopathic. Skin reflects origins, lifestyle, age and state of health. Skin creams are mainly classified as O/W & W/O. Then they will be emmulsified by emulsifying agent. In the skin creams various vitamins are used like vit A, E, & D3 are the synthetic and fatty acid (EFA) are used. In which also used the water, oil, fat, Waxes, colours, glycol and etc. Creams have the number of advantages like easy apply, more effective compares to other avoid risk, drugs are absorb perfectly but in which disadvantages also present like, skin irritation can occur due to adjuent, large size drug are not absorb perfectly and etc.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are highly mutagenic and carcinogenic and more difficult to be biodegradable in the environment.Naphthalene was used as target to study the biodegradation effectiveness.A naphthalenedegrading strain N5 with better activity was isolated from the oil refinery wastewater,whose characteristics was observed,as well as its biochemical degradation of naphthalene conditions was optimized.The results showed that under the optimum conditions of 30 ℃,natural pH,(NH4)2SO4(0.05 mg/L) and inoculation inoculums(0.5%) and naphthalene mass concentration of 50 mg/L,the degradation rate of naphthalene reached 99.9% in 120 h,and it was better tolerated the high concentration of naphthalene.


The invention provides an express state information query method and device. The method comprises the steps that when receiving a message carrying express information, a terminal obtains the express information through analysis; an express state information query interface is provided on a display interface of the message so that a user can be guided to enter an application for express state information query. According to the express state information query method and device, the express state information query interface can be actively provided on the display interface of the message, and the user can directly enter the application for express state information query by clicking the express state information query interface or other operation which triggers the express state information query interface; as a result, the number of steps of entering the application for express state information query is reduced, time is saved for the user, and user experience is improved.


The fractal theory discusses the similar principle between the whole and the part.The relationship between Chinese traditional culture and TCM relationship is just like the whole and the parts based on the fractal theory similarities.On the one hand,this article summarized the traditional Xiang thought which pay a great attention to timeliness,integrity and dynamics on the;on the other hand,by analysis on TCM viscera-figure theory and TCM syndrome differentiation about Xiang thinking,we discussed the application of the fractal theory in Xiang thinking and the TCM thinking.


Free-space optical interconnect using arrays of VCSELs can significantly increase the board-to-board interconnect bandwidth in computer servers. However, static alignment errors due to board tilt and insertion offsets have prevented their deployment. We present a novel MEMS microlens scanner capable of correcting misalignment without zero steady-state power consumption.


Strikingly high prevalence rates of symptoms of disordered eating among college women have been documented. The question arises as to whether one aspect of the college experience, achievement orientation, is associated with disordered eating. Competing hypotheses may be generated regarding the relationship between achievement orientation and disordered eating, with arguments for either a positive or negative relationship. The Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire (WOFO) and the Disordered Eating Symptoms Scale (DESS) were administered to 668 female undergraduate college students. Multivariate analysis of the WOFO subscales revealed that women with high levels of disordered eating obtained significantly higher scores on the Competitiveness subscale than women with low DESS scores. These findings support hypotheses of a positive relationship between competitiveness and disordered eating.


In this paper, an adaptive and data-dependent single kernel Optimization (SKO) algorithm is developed to improve the performance of radar target feature extraction and recognition by optimizing the kernel function of iterative Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). Based on SKO-KPCA and support vector machine (SVM), a radar target high resolution range profile (HRRP) feature extraction and recognition approach is proposed, and ensures, while comparing with other approaches, the satisfactory performances which are illustrated through automatic target recognition (ATR) experiments of Su-27, F-16 and M2000.


High-fiber-count high-density cables are necessary to construct a practical optical subscriber loop. Various kinds of high-density fiber unit have been investigated. A rapid measurement system is required to evaluate transmission characteristics for high-fiber-count cables. This paper describes a new technique for the simultaneous measurement of multifiber optical losses. This technique introduces a large reduction in measurement time and is quite suitable for outdoor use in view of operation ease and high stability.


The chemical and biological stability of wine are very dependent on pH value, hence winemakers believe that pH plays a critical role in fermentation and final wine quality. This paper optimized and assessed the influence of pH on different physicochemical parameters of wine must prepared from hot water extract of the leaf of Broom-cluster Fig (Ficus capensis) leaf with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ameliorating to 22 oBrix using table sugar and adding potassium metabisulfite. Then the pH of the must was adjusted as required and subjected to pasteurization. The must was inoculated with yeast inoculum at 0.8g/ml. Soluble solid, alcohol, titratable acidity and pH profile of the wine was monitored daily. After optimization and fermentation physicochemical parameters of the wine were analyzed. It was shown that pH of the must increase and decreased as the fermentation days progressed from day 1-12 for pH 3 -3.5 and 4-4.5 respectively. Total soluble solid decreased in all the must samples. The alcohol content increased gradually during fermentation. pH 3 and 4 had the highest titratable acidity when compared to pH 3.5 and 4.5. The pH of 4.5 wine had the lowest TSS and highest alcohol content. This study shows that wine can be produced from hot water extract of Ficus capensis leaf and the must fermented at lower pH gave highest percentage of alcohol. There is need to optimize and assess the pH of vegetable must before fermentation.


Calculations on a generalization of the self-filtering unstable resonator (SFUR) are presented. The resonator is no longer confocal, and in principle, may have a shorter cavity length, while the other properties remain almost the same. >


Cross-national policy borrowing rarely has much to do with the success, however, defined, of the institutional realisation of particular policies in their countries of origin; rather, it has much more to do with legitimating other related policies. On the other hand, active policy borrowing involving the appropriation of identifiable aspects of another country's policy solutions, including ways of implementing and administering them, is more likely when there is some synchrony between the characteristics of the different education systems involved and the dominant political ideologies promoting reform within them.


We continue to investigate planar four point worldsheet correlators of string theories which are conjectured to be duals of free gauge theories. We focus on the extremal correlators langleTr(ZJ1(x))Tr(ZJ2(y))Tr(ZJ3(z))Tr(bar ZJ(0)))rangle of Script N = 4 SYM theory, and construct the corresponding worldsheet correlators in the limit when the Ji >> 1. The worldsheet correlator gets contributions, in this limit, from a whole family of Feynman graphs. We find that it is supported on a curve in the moduli space parametrized by the worldsheet crossratio. In a further limit of the spacetime correlators we find this curve to be the unit circle. In this case, we also check that the entire worldsheet correlator displays the appropriate crossing symmetry. The non-renormalization of the extremal correlators in the 't Hooft coupling offers a potential window for a comparison of these results with those from strong coupling.


ABSTRACT Child survival depends on the allocation of resources within the household. The size and composition of the sibling set influences parental division of resources and can in turn affect survival chances. In spite of recent advances in research on sibling effects, previous studies have often used the resource dilution hypothesis, which neglects the specific historical context which shapes household structure and organisation. This study therefore focuses specifically on the variation in historical context by examining sibling effects on infant and child mortality in three regions of the Netherlands in the period 1863–1910. It does so by connecting the gendered and the conditional resource-dilution model with each other as a conceptual framework. Changing household composition is taken into account by using longitudinal data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands, time-varying variables and Cox proportional-hazard models to study sibling size and composition. The results show that the number and gender of siblings play an important role in determining child mortality, but are less significant in determining infant mortality. The number of same-sex siblings has a negative impact on boys' survival chances in the Netherlands, which suggests that after the age of one, boys experienced more competition from their brothers. The reason for this could be their assigned roles within the household and on the family farm. A negative influence of the number of sisters is only found for child mortality chances for girls in the nuclear northwest family region. Here, fewer children were needed to work inside or outside the household, and girls and boys may even have been interchangeable. The results underscore the importance of looking at the interaction between the specific historical context and gender when trying to understand how sibship size and composition influenced children's mortality risks and shaped inequality within the household.


This paper introduces a programmable approach to non-photorealistic line drawing from 3D models, inspired by programmable shaders in traditional rendering. We propose a new image creation model where all operations are controlled through user-defined procedures. A view map describing all relevant support lines in the drawing and their topological arrangement is first created from the 3D model; a number of style modules operate on this map, by procedurally selecting, chaining or splitting lines, before creating strokes and assigning drawing attributes. The resulting drawing system permits flexible control of all elements of drawing style: first, different style modules can be applied to different types of lines in a view; second, the topology and geometry of strokes are entirely controlled from the programmable modules; and third, stroke attributes are assigned procedurally and can be correlated at will with various scene or view properties. Finally, we propose new density control strategies where strokes can be adapted or omitted to avoid visual clutter. We illustrate the components of our system and show how style modules successfully capture stylized visual characteristics that can be applied across a wide range of models.


Cryptology is basically the science of secret messages that underlies cryptography and more glamorous cryptanalysis; refers to the numerous ways of hiding or breaking information in storage and transit, thus enables users to transmit information securely over the insecure channel. This paper quantitatively analyzes the scholarly publications of cryptology research over a decade-long period from 2001 to 2010. It provides an insight to the cognitive structure and scientific behavior of cryptology research; thus suggests an innovative way of connecting various aspects for governing and administering a cryptology centre. The study examines the growth-trend of publications, extent of collabo- ration, focused areas of research based on scientometric techniques and related indices. The productive-authors, potential-collaborators, pre- dominant-institutions, prolific-countries, and prevalent topics of cryptology research have been identified using fractional counting method. Critical analyzes have also been made to determine the activity-index (performance indicator), collaboration index, degree-of-collaboration, and collaboration density. Empirical validation of Lotka's law is tested and the value of α (productivity parameter) is carried out. It also demonstrates on highly cited materials and identifies the core journals to be earmarked for library collection of a cryptology research centre. Therefore, the study reveals a lot of useful information to develop strategies for enabling better administration in this emerging field of research.


Return to the Grants page. The Division of Grants Administration has defined the topics listed below as Key Grant Concepts. In order to successfully manage and administer a TEA grant, familiarity with and understanding of these concepts is critical. Refer to each page for a clear, easy-to-und


Firstly the using PMD compensation scheme is introduced,and then the hardware of artificial fish swarm algorithm(AFSA) processing unit for PMD compensation is mainly designed.Secondly the analog-digital and digital-analog interface diagrams are also shown.Thirdly the work process of PMD compensation adopting AFSA is elaborated.At last a 100Gbps return-to-zero(RZ) PMD compensation simulation shows that the processing unit has a fast iteration speed and good compensation effect.


This study examines relationships between social support and life events stress among 50 single active duty enlisted United States Navy mothers. Participants completed an online survey to assess social support (Inventory of Parent Experiences; Crnic & Greenburg, 1990), life events stressors (Life Events Questionnaire; Norbeck, 1984), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977), anxiety (Kremen Anxiety Scale; Kremen, 1990), and maternal guilt (Parental Guilt Questionnaire; Tucker & Kelley, 2006). Higher levels of support from friends and fewer negative life events stressors predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Higher social support in the workplace and fewer negative life events stressors predicted both fewer symptoms of anxiety and lower levels of maternal guilt. Results suggest that friend and workplace support and negative life events may have important implications for the psychological health of single enlisted active duty Navy mothers.


The temporal area TE of the monkey contains a group of neurons which seems to act as the short-term memory by a sustained firing, where the stored information seems to be retained by a certain kind of equilibrium of a dynamical system. The behavior of this group of neurons cannot be accounted for by the traditional dynamical system realized by the existing neural network models.

This paper discusses the short-term memory system in the temporal area, as well as the dynamics of associative memory, and proposes the neural network model which realizes the same dynamical behavior as that of area TE. This model differs essentially from the traditional models in that the composing unit has non-monotonic input/output characteristics and a significant property in analyzing the behavior and the mechanics of the memory circuit in the brain.


We study the structure and evolution of the magnetic field of the quiet Sun by investigating weak spectro-polarimetric signals. To this end, we observed a quiet region close to the disk center with the German VTT in Tenerife, July 07, 2006. We recorded 38 scans of the same area. Each scan was eight arcsec wide and observed within about 100 seconds. We used POLIS to simultaneously observe Stokes profiles of the neutral iron lines at 630.15 and 630.25 nm, the Stokes-I profile of the Ca II H line at 396.8 nm, and a continuum speckle channel at 500 nm. We witness two examples of magnetic flux cancellation of small-scale opposite-polarity patches, followed by an enhanced chromospheric emission. In each case, the two opposite-polarity patches gradually became smaller and, within a few minutes, the smaller one completely disappeared. The larger patch also diminished significantly. We provide evidence for a cancellation scenario in the photosphere which leaves minor traces at the chromospheric level.


The pressure-induced structural phase transition from diamond to beta-tin in silicon is an excellent test for theoretical total energy methods. The transition pressure provides a sensitive measure of small relative energy changes between the two phases (one a semiconductor and the other a semimetal). Experimentally, the transition pressure is well characterized. Density-functional results have been unsatisfactory. Even the generally much more accurate diffusion Monte Carlo method has shown a noticeable fixed-node error. We use the recently developed phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method to calculate the relative energy differences in the two phases. In this method, all but the error due to the phaseless constraint can be controlled systematically and driven to zero. In both structural phases we were able to benchmark the error of the phaseless constraint by carrying out exact unconstrained AFQMC calculations for small supercells. Comparison between the two shows that the systematic error in the absolute total energies due to the phaseless constraint is well within 0.5 mHa/atom. Consistent with these internal benchmarks, the transition pressure obtained by the phaseless AFQMC from large supercells is in very good agreement with experiment.


The inherent centrifugation capability of the so-called 'Lab-on-a-Disc' (LoaD) platforms is widely used for blood processing during sample preparation. Here we introduce a valving technique which enables rotational control of paper wetting to actuate dissolvable film (DF) valves. This mechanism is applied to the separation of whole blood into its chief constituents; plasma, leukocytes and erythrocytes.


The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of profitability represented by Profit Margin (PM), Return on Asset (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) on Earning Per Share (EPS) of PT. PLN (Persero). The method of analysis used to view and analyze the effect of profitability on Earning Per Share of PT. PLN (Persero) is a descriptive and statistical analysis. Testing statistical hypothesis test is carried out with simultaneous significance test (test statistic F) and individual significance test (test statistic t) with α = 5%. Analyzing data using statistical data processing software that is SPSS 20.00 for windows. Results of simultaneous significance test (F test) showed that the independent variables Profit Margin (PM), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) jointly influence the dependent variable Earning Per Share (EPS). It can be seen from the SPSS results indicate a smaller significance level of α = 5% (0 0.05). Another independent variable is Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) has a positive effect on Earning Per Share (EPS).


Consider the set of tasks that are partially ordered by precedence constraints. The tasks are to be sequenced so that a given objective function will assume its optimal value over the set of feasible solutions. A subset of tasks is called feasible, if for every task in the subset, all of its predecessors are also in the subset. We present a dynamic programming solution to the problem, when the constraining partial order has a dimension ≤2. This is done by definining a "compact" labeling scheme and an efficient enumerative procedure for all the feasible subsets. In this process a new characterization is given for 2-dimensional partial orders.


11, No. 2021, Pg. 1622 Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic that leads to several movement control orders (MCO) announced by Malaysia's government has been negatively affecting Malaysia's economy from every sector and industry. The number of unemployed citizens has increased 52.9 percent and directly affecting Malaysian citizen especially the B40 group. Many citizens have started to embark on small businesses to raise their income and wealth. However, urban poor group were found to be less interested to start a business. Thus, this study aims to explore a new business model among urban poor family in Malaysia to start the business by using a cognitive approach named Business Model Canvas (BMC). The phases of BMC began by determining the basic idea and structure of the business process which then were classified into nine related elements. These elements depict the relationship for business purposes that allow the business owners to picture their business clearly and later manage them more effectively. The BMC serves to assist entrepreneurs in designing and developing their business platforms efficiently. For this study, in-depth interviews were carried out to 12 respondents from four different industries from three major cities of Malaysia. These 12 respondents from Kuala Lumpur, Johor other cities in Malaysia. In-depth interviews offer the opportunity to capture rich, descriptive data about how people think and behave, and unfolding complex processes, and in this case, what business thinking they have in mind especially these B40 entrepreneurs. The result shows that only eight out of the nine elements in BMC were understood by these B40 entrepreneurs but they failed to understand the importance of key partners as an important interrelated element applicable to the urban poor family group to start their business. These entrepreneurs need to rethink of key partners' element as part of their business model as business owners forge partnerships for many reasons and not just limited to acquire resources only. Further research is needed to validate the findings through questionnaires to a larger respondent among B40 groups in other cities as well.


Brain metastases is common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and it is associated with poorer prognosis. Several options to control the secondary brain tumors in the context include chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation, stereotactic surgery, surgery. However, chemotherapy is ineffective to those patients because of poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier. Whole-brain radiation therapy used to be a standard option for brain metastases. However, it potentially damages normal brain tissues and causes neurocognitive decline. Stereotactic radiotherapy has been considered in cases of three or fewer lesions, and the lesions less than 3 cm. In selective cases, surgical removal of brain metastases can be done. These local therapies were accompanied by systemic treatment due to spreading of the cancer. Recently, molecular targeted therapy has opened up a new era in cancer treatment, especially NSCLC with brain metastases. In this review, we discuss brain metastases occurring in NSCLC patients with driver gene mutations with some briefly demonstrated cases.


Letter to the Regents on the Academic Council's review of a proposed revision to the University's Academic Personnel Policy 010 on academic freedom,


In view of the disclosure of commercial secret caused by present talent mobility,the research concentrates on how to enhance the protection of commercial secret from legislative perspective,and how to balance the owner of commercial secret and the staffs' right of seeking employment freely.So it is an important problem of law research to maintain the free and fair competitive orders. The paper starts with the correct definition of commercial secret,then analyzes the causes of commercial secret disclosure during the talent flow,and finally presents some law reflection on the protection of commercial secret in the talent mobility from both legislative and judicial angles.


The article summarizes the history of school-run industry of Agriculture University of Hebei,introducing its development status and the issues existing in its development,including inaccurate role positioning,indefinite property relationship,substandard operation system,lack of development funds and management talents,imperfect system,low-level industrialization of scientific research project,and imperfect management and operation mechanism,etc.And this article also puts forward a development project of establishing a modern enterprise system,straightening out the property relationship,widening the financing channels,creating pillar industries,strengthen the standardization construction,and attaching importance to the introduction and cultivation of talents,etc.


Well established institutions are an essential factor for the successful realization of sustainable socio-economic and environmental potential in Semi-Arid Lands (SALs). SALs receive limited attention in international climate research and policies; thus, the institutional relationship between governance, policy, and implementation continues to suffer from inconsistencies across governance levels. This research carried out an analysis combining mixed-research methods to collect, record, and analyze data and information regarding institutional and organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and local level policy implementation challenges and scope to assess the effectiveness of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and implementation of adaptation policies at State and local levels in SALs. The inefficiencies observed in the DRM/CCA adaptation processes are concentrated in areas of high governance of state and municipal governments and stem from local communities' reduced organizational and technical capacity. It results in the negligent application of measures and resources to address climate risks. Therefore, this paper contributes to the increasing understanding of the institutional framework's role in the facilitation of local adaptation, revealing what seems to be working well, what is not, how things could improve in Brazilian SALs.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a figure image processing method and device, relating to the technical field of image processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring face regions in a target image according to a preset face recognition algorithm; when the number of the acquired face regions is not less than two, dividing the acquired face regions into foreground face regions and background face regions according to a preset sorting algorithm and/or selecting operations of a user; processing the distinguished background face regions according to a preset first image processing algorithm so that the visual effects of the distinguished background face regions become bad. By the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, specific figures in an image acquired by shooting can be effectively distinguished.


[Objective]The research aimed to provide scientific basis for evaluating soil and water conservation benefits of mulberry objectively. [Method] Soil physicochemical properties and soil anti-erodibility of mulberry forest lands were studied using the mean of soil physicochemical properties analysis. [Result]Mulberry improved soil physicochemical properties,soil anti-erodibility and soil organic content significantly,in which Jianchi forest land had the best effect on improving the condition of soil and the soil organic content was the highest( 30. 67 g / kg),1. 82 times higher than that of Husang-32. The size distribution of soil aggregate was uneven for all experimental plots,and dried aggregate mainly distributed in 5mm. The content of 0. 25 mm dried aggregate( 94. 50-97. 00%) and water stable aggregate( 50. 16-61. 66%) from three different varieties of mulberry forest lands were greater,in which the content of water stable aggregate of Jialing-20 forest land was the highest( 61. 66%),which indicated that Jialing-20 had the best effect on improving soil structure and soil stability. Water stable index of Jialing-20 forest land was 0. 52,and its structural damage rate was the minimum( 36. 43%). GMD and MWD of water stable aggregate were 1. 06 and 1. 33 mm respectively,which indicated that its capability of resisting rainfall erosion and runoff scouring were the strongest. The angle of internal friction of Jialing-20 was 13. 712 °,1. 40 times higher than Jianchi. The cohesion of Husang 32 was the highest. It showed that all of these two could make effective influence for the soil. [Conclusion]Jianchi had the best effect on soil physicochemical properties and Jialing-20 had more advantage in improving the stability of soil aggregates,in the orther side Husang 32 could improve the soil cohesion in order to enhance the anti-erosion ability of the soil. All these three kinds of mulberry played an important role in soil and water conservation. Compared with the other two factors,Jialing-20,which was the best in all directions,had the best effects on the soil.


The Ewald method for evaluating the free-space 1-D periodic Green's function is extended to leaky waves by allowing for complex wavenumbers. It is shown that care must be taken when choosing the path of integration in the complex plane in the derivation of the Ewald method in order to obtain solutions that correspond to physical leaky-wave solutions. The use of different paths results in an evaluation of the Ewald method using an analytical continuation of the exponential integral function previously used when the wavenumber is real. The extension of the Ewald method to complex wavenumbers allows for the treatment of practical periodic leaky-wave antennas and periodic guiding structures with losses, as well as metamaterials, including 1-D chains of plasmonic nanoparticles.


A new potential well measurement method, using the bubble run-out phenomena, has been discussed for its application to observe charged wall behavior as well as to measure potential well depth itself. The method is applied to bubbles in ion-implanted propagation patterns on 1 μm bubble garnet films with different magnetostriction constants. Bubble run-out directions are found to be reflected by the strength of stress relaxation induced magnetic anistropies along ion-implantation pattern edges. Charged wall length and its stray field distribution are also estimated by the method. It is concluded that this method is one of the most useful tools for operation error mode analysis in ion-implantion bubble device development.


This paper presents a procedure for calculating rut depths in flexible pavements, based on models developed from laboratory experiments that simulate field conditions. The stud found that the simulation of field conditions in dynamic triaxial tests is a reliable means for measuring the permanent deformation characteristics of both asphalt-bound and unbound granular base materials under a variety of conditions. A statistically based experimental program that used these testing procedures provided the basis for the development of rut depth prediction models. These models were verified by comparison with actual field measurements. Layer equivalencies can also be used in the models to convert sections to either equivalent full-depth or equivalent granular base. From these results, a simple regression equation was developed that predicts rut depths at the test roads with good agreement. The models have been used to evaluate the effects of a wide range of equivalent full-depth thicknesses and in full-depth layer moduli. The results suggest that, for given levels of traffic, there may be an optimum thickness, but a wide range of the modulus has little effect on the rut depth. The simple regression equation can be incorportated into design procedures to analyze rut depths of possible alternatives.


Small magnetic particles of iron embedded in an insulating alumina matrix have been prepared by ball milling, either by direct milling of a mixture of iron and alumina powders or indirectly by ball-milling enhanced displacement reaction between magnetite and aluminum metal. The average particle size could be reduced to the 10-nm range as indicated by X-ray diffraction linewidths and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The change in the saturation magnetization and the coercivity relates to the change of the phase composition, decrease of the particle size, and accumulation of internal stresses. >


This article focuses on the roles and responsibilities of universities in the formation of intellectual nation of Kazakhstan. The article addresses the issues of improving the integration between government, business and universities, suggests ways to improve the status of scientists, teacher and students.


Background: Mental and psychological disorders are responsible for significant morbidity and disability worldwide. Results of World Mental Health Consortium demonstrate that common mental disorders are highly prevalent globally. Only a limited proportion of patients with psychiatric disorders attend the healthcare facilities, in severe condition. Treatment by unqualified medical practitioners and faith healers is a common practice, which significantly delay the proper treatment. Methods: We conducted this survey at the psychiatry OPD at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from March 2015 to May 2015. 1000 study subjects of 14 -70 years of age from both genders were enrolled for this study randomly, who sought psychiatric opinion for first time. Results: One hundred patients were examined, mean age of subjects was 31 years (SD + 15.02), with 53.0% females. More patients (60.0%) were first time recognized by their family members, remaining sought treatment by themselves. As per history 42.4% patients had consulted to Qualified Medical General Practioners, 19.9% to Piers, 12.0% to Religious Clerics and 10.5% to Hakim, Fakir, Malang etc. and only 2.6% consulted to psychotherapist. Conclusion: It is concluded that in our setting psychiatric illnesses are always recognized late and medical practitioners do not bother to obtain consultative opinion from psychotherapist.


The present invention provides an oxidation resistance and excellent adhesiveness, resistive touch screen sensor with a small Cu alloy wiring film. The touch screen sensor Cu alloy wiring film, containing alloying elements selected from the group Ni, Zn and Mn, consisting of at least one, a total amount of 0.1 to 40 atomic% containing the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities. When the touch panel sensor Cu alloy wiring film, composed of a Cu alloy containing at least one alloying element selected from the group Ni, Zn, and Mn in the configuration, an alloy containing the element as Ni: 0.1 ~ when any content of 0.1 to 1.9 atomic%, said alloy containing two or more elements, a total amount of 0.1 atomic% to 6 (which contains Mn: 6 atomic%, Zn: 0.1 ~ 6 atomic%, or Mn of [((6-x) × 2) ÷ 6] atomic% or less, wherein, x is the added amount of Ni and Zn in total).


Practice shows that new productive factors such as technology,knowledge and information evolved from old factors and have been started capitalizing.In the US and Europe,companies' profitability on technology capital is largely in excess of human being capital,monetary capital and equipment manufacturing capital.Compared with this situation,companies in China are considered as lacking of technology capital and knowledge capital.As a result,academic communities have started paying an increasing attention on companies' technology capital stock and its related profitability.The high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises are composed of multiple-areas,highly-competent and advanced technologies and equipments.Amongst.these,technology is the fundamental capital and highly reliant on.Judging by productive capital theory,using empirical analysis,choosing the faithfully represented financial statements from public listed high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises during the period of 2007 ~2011,we preliminarily estimate capital stocks on human being,monetary,equipment manufacturing and technology.By applying economic growth model to analyze the roles of employee numbers,equipment manufacturing capital stock and technology capital stock in economic gain,we can identify the status quo of industrial enterprises' independent research and development and the profitability on technology capital.Based on productive capital theory,economic benefits are produced jointly by various factors.In modern economy,we have extended the growth model that productive factors are not only human being,monetary,and equipment,but also firm-specific technology,knowledge and information factors.After capitalization of those factors,each factor has been become capital.The three formers are called traditional capital,the three latters are called emerging capital.The degrees of technology to place or save manpower are far higher than that by equipments.The technical level is contrary with the number of employees.This study concludes that in high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises,the greatest contributions to the profitability are made by equipment manufacturing capital,the lesser are by human being capital,and the least are by technology capital.Furthermore,by comparing with other industrial companies,the proportion of technology capital in these high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises is lowest.However,there is an increasing trend for technology capital stocks,even the speed is slowly.The equipment manufacturing capital and human being capital are still the significant motives for high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises development.A firm's technology capital is its unique-know-how from investing in research and development,brands,and organization capital,what distinguishes technology capital from other forms tof capital is the fact that a firm can use it simultaneously in multiple domestic and foreign locations.Compared with that in US and Europe,the technology capital market in China is still immature to some extent,even false in some remote and backward regions.The priority is to build and complete corporate financial and capital utilization system,list technology in accounting and then calculate it specific cost and profitability indecently.Secondly,strengthen enterprise culture and increase investment on knowledge capital.Thirdly,as government supportive and hortative policy,companies are allowed tax preferences in technology research and development.


From the mainframe design,pipeline design,attenuator and the pore plate and other aspects to consider,the seduction to in the pipeline pressure oscillation was carried on,the measure of the seduction pipeline internal pressure pulsation was obtained.In order to prevent air column resonating and structure resonating,conducts the research from the piping arrangement and the support design,also obtained.The design program on absorption of vibration was advanced for the vibrating case from the outlet in a Refinery and the unit can work in good situation.


The characteristics showing that China's education research is being McDonaldized are analyzed.It is pointed out that postmodernism is the possible way out.


This paper illustrates that rational expectations equilibria are instrumental to the recovery of unobserved shocks. This has positive implications for the identification of policy rules and forward looking models, and for testing equilibrium determinacy. On the theory side, this implies that the bounded New-Keynesian equilibrium is learnable even if the representative agent is initially unaware of the policy stance.


A buckling instability in a system where a straight edge crack lies at the interface between a thin elastic film and a substrate is analysed theoretically and experimentally. The buckling, which can occur also under remote tensile loads, may result in crack growth before the conventional criterion for fracture is met on the straight crack front by enhancing the mode adjusted crack driving force. If crack growth occurs, buckling will cause a wavy crack front to develop.


Objective To evaluate the epidemiology, prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections after orthotopic liver retransplantation.Methods A retrospective study on bacterial infections in 22 patients undergoing othotopic liver retransplantation was carried out.Results Bacterial infections were confirmed in 8 of 22 preoperation and in 20 of 22 (90.9 %) postoperation. The median time of bacterial infections was 7 days after liver retransplantation. Fifty-one pathogenic organisms including 25 types were separated. The most commonly seen infected sites were biliary tract (50.0 %, 11/22), abdomen (45.4 %, 10/22), respiratory tract (36.4 %, 8/22), blood (31.7 %, 7/22), incision ((9.1) %, 2/22), bowel (4.5 %, 1/22), veins with venipuncture (4.5 %, 1/22). Seven cases of sepsis died.Conclusion The infectious rate after liver retransplantation is high and the types of bacterial disseminating loosely on organs are varied. The mortality will be increased if the patients develop sepsis. Reasonable use of immunosuppressants, selection of antibiotics and the supporting therapy are the keys to prevent and treat infections following liver retransplantation.


With the development of market economy, each field is fierce in competition, the market has more and more high expectations for people's quality. The health is first, adapt, to the society, has already become the common understanding. It has already been one of the focal points of university's sports teaching to train students to increase health consciousness, habit. Improve, strengthen the health consciousness that student's sport tempers all the life, teach students an exercise method, improve the direction that teaching workers of our sports study too.


Nowadays, how to pass the security-check passageway with self-service under high throughput is an emerging application challenge. The identity verification technique is the key factor to solve this dilemma, especially in the railway station, bus station and airport etc. The essence of this question is the one vs. one face verification. It involves two crucial application knot, the real-time super-resolution image reconstruction and the real-time face detection and recognition in the video stream under the surveillance scene. To improve the performance of the identity verifications system based on face similarity assessment , we exploited the deep learning mechanism to train the face detection module and the to realize the superresolution construction remarkably. The experiment proves its effectiveness.


Los Alamos scientists have advanced a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technology that may provide a breakthrough for screening liquids at airport security. They've added low-power X-ray data to the mix, and as a result have unlocked a new detection technology. Funded in part by the Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate, the new system is named MagRay. The goal is to quickly and accurately distinguish between liquids that visually appear identical. For example, what appears to be a bottle of white wine could potentially be nitromethane, a liquid that could be used to make an explosive. Both are clear liquids, one would be perfectly safe on a commercial aircraft, the other would be strictly prohibited. How to tell them apart quickly without error at an airport security area is the focus of Michelle Espy, Larry Schultz and their team. In this video, Espy and the MagRay team explain how the new technology works, how they've developed an easy operator interface, and what the next steps might be in transitioning this technology to the private sector.


This study aims to identify the profile of the articles on internal control in the public sector, published in national and international journals in Scopus database. In these articles available on Capes-BR Portal, in the area of Social Sciences & Humanities, it was researched the term "internal control in the public sector". A total of 133 articles published from 1983 to 2011 were identified and it was observed that it is happening an increase in the scientific literature about the subject analyzed. In contrast, there is no specific literature predominantly used in this area. The most explored themes are: a) audit, internal control, risk management and governance; b) public finances; c) public policies; d) economic development.


Because Gann is a hign and cold area,so the yellow cattle in here grows slowly,low-productivity.In order to improve these poor characteristics,we introduced the South Devon beef cattle and it was used to Gannan yellow cattle's production performance.we Feeds ten 12-18 month old South yellow F1 generation of bullock and Gannan local ox bullock with the Syrup-Molasses Multi-Nutritions Lick Block for 90 days.The result showed that NanHang F1 cattle's weight increased 0.65kg every day and GanNan local cattle's weight increased 0.49kg every day.NanHang F1 cattle's growth situation and weight is better and higher than local yellow cattle and efficient improved about 54.63%.


Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial (159 aa, ~17 kDa) is encoded by the human SDHD gene. This protein plays a role in the regulation of the electron transport chain.


Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of silica-based optical fibers is a well-known and documented phenomenon. Radiation-hardened fibers, mainly having pure silica core (PSC), combat this effect successfully. Even better results have been reported for fibers with Fluorine-doped cores, especially for the transmission of visible wavelengths. Here, we show the results of an experiment at telecom wavelengths (1310 and 1550 nm) in a nuclear reactor core, demonstrating that for dose levels up to tens of MGy (SiO2) the F-doped fiber indeed shows less RIA than PSC fibers. However, at higher levels, the F-doped fiber loses its advantage, and the PSC fiber shows lower RIA than the F-doped for these doses and wavelengths.


More than six out of 10 Americans do not know that adults 65 years and older need high-dose flu vaccines to prevent senior influenza, according to an online poll commissioned by CVS Caremark.


There has been widespread support for the concept which views anaesthesia as a triad (Rees and Gray, 1950), the components of which, narcosis, relaxation,and analgesia, ideally are produced by specific drugs with selective actions. It is now a generally used method of anaesthesia to induce sleep with thiopentone, to produce muscular relaxation with a relaxant drug, and to reduce the response of the patient to noxious stimuli by the use of nitrous oxide and occasionally a more potent specific analgesic drug such as pethidine. During the past six years an anaesthetic technique based on this principle has been adopted by us. Thiopentone has been used in minimal doses to produce sleep, a 50% mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen, if necessary supplemented by pethidine (or, in the earlier years, very minimal dos.s of ether), to produce analgesia, and a paralysant drug to attain relaxation and initiate the control of respiration. As a result of the respiratory depression subsequent upon adequate doses of the relaxant agents, there has been no-hesitation in resorting to completely controlled respiration for the cases in which this technique has been employed. The experience gained during this period led to the conolusion that use of controlled respiration reduced the dose of both relaxant and thiopentone which it was necessary to administer in these cases. The examination and significance of this possibility are the subject of this paper.


Traditional DB and DC pension plans have both become dysfunctional, as have attempts to "prove" that one is superior to the other. Far better that we should devote our energies to designing a new breed of pension plans, adapted to twenty-first-century realities. Such plans strike an intelligent balance between the dual goals of adequacy and affordability. They are transparent, value guarantees honestly, and are respectful of the property rights and the differing risk tolerances of plan participants. Finally, while DB defenders often confuse pension design and implementation, high performance twenty-first-century pension institutions can cost-effectively manage any pension design, not just those based on DB formulas.


Abstract : Pilot experiments on map or terrain learning in conditions of interference/no interference were carried out to test an hypothesis regarding the reconstructive character of memory. One part of the hypothesis is supported by the data, one part remains undecided. The document also forms Annex 6 to 'A Review of Research on Learning under this and Previous Contracts. Its application to the Teaching, Training, and Evaluation of Problem Solving Skills', outlines a Learning Theory in which the current view of memory is crucial and describes practical applications of this theory in teaching and training of cognitive, intellectural and perceptual motor skills. (Author)


ABSTRACT IMPACT: Understanding the longitudinal glucose changes following SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform point-of-care guidelines and elucidate the viral hypothesis of diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Hyperglycemia has emerged as an important manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Whether clinically-detectable glycemic changes persist following SARS-CoV-2 infection remain to be elucidated. This work aims to characterize temporal patterns in glucose dysregulation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Electronic health records of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, positive laboratory test for SARS-CoV-2, and negative history of Diabetes Mellitus prior to infection were extracted from the TriNetX database. 7,502 patients with at least one blood glucose value 2 years to 2 weeks before, 2 weeks before to 2 weeks after, and 2 weeks after to 1 year after COVID-19 diagnosis were used for analysis. Temporal patterns are characterized by training state-of-the-art clustering algorithms, including fuzzy short time-series clustering, k-means for longitudinal data, and spectral clustering. Clustering performance is evaluated using internal evaluation metrics of the Silhouette coefficient, Calinski-Harabasz score, and Davies Bouldin index. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Based on the success of prior clustering methods with random blood glucose measurements, we anticipate that the proposed time-series clustering algorithms will appropriately characterize temporal patterns of glycemic dysregulation. The best performing algorithm based on interval evaluation metrics will be selected for further analysis. Associations between blood glucose values and cluster membership will be evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and effect size will be calculated using unbiased Cohen's d. Clinical phenotypes for each cluster will be characterized in terms of current diagnoses, prior medication use, pertinent laboratory tests, and vital signs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: A clearer understanding of the longitudinal glucose changes following SARS-CoV-2 infection can elucidate clinically-detectable patterns of glycemic dysregulation, identify sub-phenotypes of patients who are more susceptive to glycemic dysregulation, and inform appropriate point-of-care guidelines.


With over 300 magnificent photographs, this book describes and illustrates some of the major national parks and reserves of Australia. Features such as the scenery, wildlife highlights, local people, conservation projects and diverse visitor activities are given comprehensive coverage.


We address the Named Entity Disambiguation (NED) problem for short, user-generated texts on the social Web. In such settings, the lack of linguistic features and sparse lexical context result in a high degree of ambiguity and sharp performance drops of nearly 50% in the accuracy of conventional NED systems. We handle these challenges by developing a model of user-interest with respect to a personal knowledge context; and Wikipedia, a particularly well-established and reliable knowledge base, is used to instantiate the procedure. We conduct systematic evaluations using individuals' posts from Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr and demonstrate that our novel technique is able to achieve substantial performance gains beyond state-of-the-art NED methods.


and to shaping the U.S.-EU regulatory agenda; it "is intricately part of the transatlantic regulatory negotiating process itself (p. 214). And Petersmann calls for transatlantic business and civil society networks to demand that their governments agree to enact domestic judicial procedures for the application of WTO rules in response to private complaints, wresting power from self-interested politicians and bureaucrats in a "bottom-up 'struggle of citizens for their rights'" (p. 92). In sum, Transatlantic Governance is a well-crafted volume containing many illuminating empirical, analytical, and normative insights. It will be of value not only to students of transatlantic relations, but to students of international governance more generally.


A kinetic and mechanistic study on the aerobic dye sensitized photooxidation of the mono—nitro and chlorophenols was carried out. A singlet molecular oxygen mechanism operates in the photooxidation. Solvent and substituent effects, suggest the intermediacy of a complex with partial charge transfer character, as has been postulated for other phenols. Chemical (reactive) and physical interactions of the substrates with singlet molecular oxygen were discriminated. Quantum yields for photooxidation (higher for the chlorophenols) range from 3 × 10‐2 to 2 × 10‐3, as measured by substrate or oxygen consumption. These values indicate the viability of a singlet molecular oxygen photooxidation as a way for the degradation of nitro and chlorophenol environmental contaminants.


in this paper examine, and review for Remote synchronization method to be a success to solve algorithm studied extensively over data synchronization .the last decade, and the existing approaches can divide into single-round analysis and multi-round analysis. Single-round rules are preferable in situations in this paper. We proposed a model and a unique algorithm to synchronize involving small files and substantial network latencies file synchronization has been due protocol complexity and computing and I/O over heads. To provide alternative synchronization paths, concurrency in operation and bidirectional mode of solving remote algorithm the best-known algorithms. The client partitions fold recursively into blocks from size box down to min, and for each level computes all block to explain step by step method. Which are utilized for synchronization of data operations across computers are rsync, set agreement, Remote Differential Compression & RSYNC based on cancellation codes. We will consider the remote data synchronization protocols and compare the performance of all these contracts on the various algorithm based RSYNC. Keyword: Remote data synchronization (RSYNC),


Immune checkpoint blockade (IO) has revolutionised the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Early C‐reactive protein (CRP) kinetics, especially the recently introduced CRP flare‐response phenomenon, has shown promising results to predict IO efficacy in mRCC, but has only been studied in second line or later. Here, we aimed to validate the predictive value of early CRP kinetics for 1st‐line treatment of mRCC with αPD‐1 plus either αCTLA‐4 (IO+IO) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO+TKI).


Purpose
This paper aims to determine the effect of personal values and buying intention on repurchase intention. This paper is based on the social exchange theory (Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005) as a basis for understanding the relationship between tourists who give or exchange each other that contains embraced values or personal values between individuals from tourists based on certain social arrangements placing a moderating variable. As an illustration of social phenomena, especially tourism, which shows a non-linear relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a mixed-method research, combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques, in a single study. The use of mix method research is based on the consideration that the research variables are variables that are rarely used in previous studies so that there is limited literature to explain the research results. In the early stages of the research, a questionnaire was compiled based on all the research variables mentioned above. The questionnaire was then distributed to 160 respondents. The pre-test was carried out using the construct validity and the assistance of the SPSS 13.0 program for the level of reliability. The questionnaire was distributed using the purposive sampling method. The number of samples taken at each tourist attraction was 40 respondents in each tourist destination, namely, Nusa Dua, Kuta, Tanah Lot, Sanur and Ubud. Bali, fits the criteria of Hair et al. (2014).

Findings
This study has two novelties, the first is demographic variable that positions as a moderating variable the influence of personal value on buying intention and personal value on repurchase intention; and the second variable buying intention as an intervening variable between the influence of personal value on repurchase intention.

Research limitations/implications
This study has a limitation in that the questionnaire was only distributed to tourist destinations in Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur, Tanah Lot and Ubud. The object of this research is only focused on Chinese tourists, not other tourists either. Furthermore, this study does not distinguish between tourists who visit for the first time and tourists who visit several times which may be a moderating variable for the influence of personal value and buying intention on repurchase intention and the influence of personal value on buying intention.

Practical implications
The practical implications are as follows: tourism managers can use a tourism destination marketing strategy model that integrates independent and moderating variables in increasing buying intention and repurchase intention for Chinese tourists visiting Bali. Strategies that can be carried out by tourism managers in increasing buying intention and repurchase intention of tourists to visit Bali by identifying and creating values that are understood as values for tourists visiting Bali (personal value).

Social implications
Personal values that are adjusted to trends in the world of tourism that are felt and desired by a destination through tourists visiting Bali are one of the marketing strategies for tourism managers to increase the buying intention and repurchase intention of these tourists.

Originality/value
This study integrates personal values, demographics, buying intention and repurchase intention in evaluating Chinese tourists visiting Bali. Demographic variables in Chinese tourists as moderating variables based on age, education, gender, family, including their region of origin, it is very important to pay attention to the unique characteristics of Chinese tourists and the main differences between them, as an illustration of social phenomena, especially tourism, which shows a nonlinear relationship.


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Ceramic particle reinforced into metal base matrix composite has been reported to produce higher strength and wear resistance than its alloys because the ceramic phases can strongly resist abrasion. In this study the iron matrix was reinforced with two compositions of 20 and 25 wt. % fine silica particles. The compacts were produced by using powder metallurgy fabrication technique and sintered at three sintering temperatures: 1000, 1100 and 1200°C. Effects of various sintering temperatures on microstructures and the composite's wear resistance were evaluated via optical and SEM microscopy. Both compositions were also subjected to ball-on-disk wear test. The results showed the reinforcement weight fraction of 20 wt.% of silica and sintering temperature at 1100°C exhibited better result, in all aspects. It possessed higher mechanical properties, it's microstructure revealed most intact reinforcing region and it displayed higher wear resistance during wear test.


We are developing an interdisciplinary fire research program based at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey to better estimate wildfire risk, quantify the tradeoffs between hazardous fuel reduction treatments and carbon sequestration by forests, and measure the impact of hazardous fuel reduction on emissions of EPA-criterion pollutants near urban nonattainment areas. We are using an integrated network of field plots, fire weather and eddy flux towers, remotely sensed data layers, and validated fire weather and forest ecosystem models. Extensive field plots and LIDAR measurements have been used to estimate fuel loading and the presence of ladder fuels across the Pinelands. In addition, preand post-prescribed fire measurements of fuel loading are used to evaluate fuel reduction treatments. These activities provide better estimates of hazardous fuel loading and the cost effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments in the Pine Barrens. We installed and operate six new fire weather towers providing real-time weather data to fire managers over the internet (http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/). A fuel moisture index based on forest energy balance measurements made from the flux towers is operational in New Jersey, and is being tested at a number of Ameriflux sites. We are using the network of fire weather and flux towers in conjunction with a SODAR to measure windspeed and direction up to a height of 700 m to validate predictions of MM5, a regional fire weather model, and smoke emission models. Biometric measurements, flux towers, and ecosystemto landscape-scale models (PnET CN, BiomBGC) are used to estimate rates of forest productivity and fuel accumulation in the Pine Barrens. Collectively, these data are leading to the "next generation" of fuel models in which the dynamics of 1, 10, and 100 fuels and fuel-reduction treatments are integrated to estimate transitions among fuel models in a GIS database. These research products and other decision-support tools for managers and policymakers enable the latest science-based knowledge to be incorporated into decision processes at local to regional scales.


The paper expounds the background, aim and significance of academic library evaluation, and points out measures of academic libraries' document resources construction on the basis of the practice of our library under the evaluation background.


Ligands suitable for atom atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were prepared by the Michael addition of several acrylates (allyl, benzyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and 3-(dimethoxymethylsily)propyl acrylates) with tris(2-aminoethyl)amino (TREN). These ligands, readilily prepared from inexpensive precursors, were used for the preparation of catalyst complexes suitable for polymerization of (meth)-acrylates and styrene, providing activity comparable to catalysts currently used for these monomers. Catalysts containing ligands with a dimethoxymethylsilyl substituent were examined for copper removal after the reaction mixture was contacted with silica gel.


In order to solve the difficulty that players want to realize a pure Nash equilibria in a static finite game where principle of maximum entropy is all the player¡s common knowledge, we introduce the concept of Neumann-Morgenstern stable set (briefly, N-M stable set) which is a subset of set of all pure Nash equilibria, give an argorithm to find N-M statble set, outline existence and uniqueness of N-M stable set in a finite static strategy game with at least one pure Nash equilibrium, and show that every finite static strategy game is equivalent to one and only one ideal game. Basic on those results, players are more inteligent and it is easier for they to want to realize a pure Nash equilibrium.


Objective To explore the effect of pneumonectomy in elderly patients with lung cancer and indications of operation and perioperation management.Methods Forty-seven cases of pneumonectomy for lung cancer in patients aged 60 years and older were analyzed retrospectively.Results No patients died within 30 d after the operation.Postoperative complications occurred in 32 cases,including arrhythmia of 28 cases,respiration failure of 3 cases,and bronchopleural fistulas of 1 case.They were healed by heteropathy.Conclusions Pneumonectomy for lung cancer in patients aged 60 years and older has higher risks,so reasonable indications should be chosen according to pulmonary function and lesion range combined with blood gas analysis and heart function.Attention should be paid to perioperation management.With adequate treatment part of the old patients have the potential to undertake pneumonectomy.


3. The authors do not clearly separate the two issues of defining criteria for choosing behavioural models and sampling the resulting model space. As noted below, efficient sampling methods help, but it is the choice of criteria that will control how complex the space is to be searched. It is also possible that the convergence of more efficient sampling methods will fail to identify local areas of behavioural models even given the random steps of MCMC type methods. I agree that efficiency is an issue – but the choice of criteria is much more important.


Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer among women worldwide, with about 2 million new cases and 627,000 deaths every year. The breast tumors can be malignant or benign. Medical screening can be used to detect the type of a diagnosed tumor. Alternatively, predictive modelling can also be used to predict whether a tumor is malignant or benign. However, the accuracy of the prediction algorithms is important since any incidence of false negatives may have dire consequence since a person cannot be put under medication, which can lead to death. Moreover, cases of false positives may subject an individual to unnecessary stress and medication. Therefore, this study sought to develop and validate a new predictive model based on binary logistic, support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting models in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the cancer tumors. This study used the Breast Cancer Wilcosin data set available on Kaggle. The dependent variable was whether a tumor is malignant or benign. The regressors were the tumor features such as radius, texture, area, perimeter, smoothness, compactness, concavity, concave points, symmetry and fractional dimension of the tumor. Data analysis was done using the R-statistical software and it involved, generation of descriptive statistics, data reduction, feature selection and model fitting. Before model fitting was done, the reduced data was split into the train set and the validation set. The results showed that the binary logistic, support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting models had predictive accuracies of 96.97%, 98.01% and 97.73%. This showed an improvement compared to already existing models. The results of this study showed that support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting have better prediction power for cancer tumors compared to binary logistic. This study recommends the use of support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting in cancer tumor prediction and also recommends further investigations for other algorithms that can improve prediction.


We show that for some classes of groups $G$, the homotopy fiber $E_{\mathrm{com}} G$ of the inclusion of the classifying space for commutativity $E_{\mathrm{com}} G$ into the classifying space $BG$, is contractible if and only if $G$ is abelian. We show this both for compact connected Lie groups and for discrete groups. To prove those results, we define an interesting map $\mathfrak{c} \colon E_{\mathrm{com}} G \to B[G,G]$ and show it is not nullhomotopic for the non-abelian groups in those classes. Additionally, we show that $\mathfrak{c}$ is 3-connected for $G=O(n)$ when $n \ge 3$.


Objective To investigate the metastatic pattern of lymph node around rectum in the extensive radical mastectomy of rectal carcinoma protecting pelvic splanchnic nerve,and explore the significance of lateral lymphnode clearance in rectal carcinoma.Methods 114 rectal carcinoma patients were treated with extensive radical mastectomy for rectal carcinoma protecting pelvic splanchnic nerve.The lymph nodes were cleared and observed by conventional pathological method(hematoxylin and eosin staining),and the metastatic pattern of lymph nodes around rectum was analyzed.Results Among 114 patients,46 patients had metastasis in lymph nodes,the total metastatic rate was 40.4%(46/114).The metastatic rates of mesenteric lymph nodes,lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery and lateral lymph nodes were 39.5%(45/114),3.9%(2/51),and 19.6%(11/114),respectively.Total 2 463 lymph nodes were cleared and 209 lymph nodes were metastasized,the total metastatic extent was 8.5%(209/2 463).The metastatic extent for absorbent gland of mesenteric lymph nodes,lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery and lateral lymph nodes were 14.8%(187/1 264),1.7%(3/175),and 1.9%(19/1 024).The metastatic extent for absorbent gland and metastatic rate of mesenteric lymph nodes were higher than those of lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery and lateral lymph nodes(P0.05).The metastatic rate and extent of mesenteric lymph nodes were related to the Duke's stage and the infiltration extent(P0.05).And the matastatic rate and extent of lymph nodes of lateral lymph nodes were related to the Duke's stage and differentiation extent(P0.05).Conclusion The slective extensive radical mastectomy for rectal carcinoma is feasible.


A total of 300 undergraduates from Hubei Institute of Engineering were investigated to study the relationship between university student professional values and corporate culture preferences. Results find that there were significant differences in gender and major between college students' business culture. At the same time, there were significant differences in the occupational values among the sexes of the college students. The only one child and the family background, it concludes that there is a significant positive correlation between college students' professional values and corporate culture preference. Professional values have a certain predictive effect on corporate culture preferences, in which prestige status factors and health factors can better explain corporate culture preferences.


Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is hyper Rhizobakteri growing plants, which are groups of beneficial bacteria that actively colonize rizosfir. Plant growth hormones will meet their needs through the ability to get from rizosfir and filosfir as a result of the activity of PGPR in synthesising fitohormon. In the rhizosphere zone, the interaction of plants with PGPR has a very important role in maintaining soil biological environment. One of the most common ways how PGPR increase nutrient capture by plants that alter plant hormone levels. The purpose of this article shows the effect of PGPR on plant growth fitohormon corn. Some of the genus Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Seratia identified as PGPR fitohormon producer that can improve plant growth and yield of maize. Keywords : PGPR, fitohormon, corn .


The structural safety of concrete has been attached great importance, especially in saline-alkali area. In order to better study the changes of physical parameters of concrete after corrosion in saline-alkali area, the soil quality in saline-alkali area was investigated and sampled to analyze the main ionic components of concrete corrosion environment. According to the corrosion ionic components, the concrete model was made by mixing carbonate and sulfate solutions with different concentrations. Resistivity method and induced polarization method were used to measure the resistivity and polarizability characterization of the model within the curing period (28d), and the compressive strength of the concrete model during the curing period was tested to study the correlation between the resistivity, polarizability and compressive strength of the concrete model. The results show that the resistivity, polarizability and compressive strength of concrete are closely related to the type and concentration of ions. There is a corresponding relationship between the polarizability and the bearing capacity of concrete test blocks mixed with the same solution. The larger the polarizability, the weaker the bearing capacity. There is no strong correlation between resistivity and bearing capacity. Polarizability data can reflect both ion invasion and strength change of concrete.


This study herein aimed to analyze the price variations of medical devices and assess whether a possible increase in costs had an impact on high inflation in healthcare, as the topic raises important public policy issues. Therefore, an index was developed consisting of a sample of products consisting of: diagnostic reagents, implantable medical devices and imaging diagnostic equipment, a sample that is considered representative in the purchases context by the Unified Health System (SUS). And, based on the index, the evolution of the average prices practiced in Brazilian public purchases was monitored. From the analysis


Abstract With innovation and aesthetics playing leading roles, the landscape of footbridge design continues to evolve towards lightweight, landmark structures, increasing the emphasis on mitigating lively dynamic responses. To satisfy architectural constraints, auxiliary control devices are being used to control the response under infrequent peak-loading events. Nearly all implemented control devices are permanent installations of passive systems, such as viscous dampers or tuned mass dampers (TMDs), that are tuned to a particular structural property and hence specific to the particular application. Recently, the concept of deployable, autonomous control systems has been presented, in which a robotic platform is combined with an active control device to yield a system that is capable of providing short-term control for a range of structures. This concept is particularly attractive in relation to footbridge applications, where the systems can be deployed during predictable peak-loading events such as marathons or used with temporary footbridges where the need for control depends on the intended use. In this paper, analytical modeling of a prototype system is presented to validate experimental identification. Furthermore, the role of the control–structure interaction (CSI) is described and compensated for through an active controller formulation and the use of a position feedback controller for disturbance rejection. The performance of the prototype system is evaluated experimentally and assessed relative to an equivalent passive TMD device. The experimental study validates the controller formulation and demonstrates the effectiveness of the prototype system.


In the article the consequences of globalization leading to intensification of loneliness in modern society are considered. As main of them it is possible to point out changes in economic (unemployment, migration), informational (information technologies) and social and cultural (stereo types of mass con-sciousness) spheres.


By analyzing the mechanic of the rut,the point of the biggest shear stress can be known by the software,ANSYS.Then rut experiment in the lab using the different samples reinforced by different ways proves the result of the ANSYS.So the best position of the reinforced glass grid in the first layer of the road for reducing the rut depth is achieved.It is useful for the project.


We report a case of a locally advanced cardial adenocarcinoma, occurring in a 48-year-old woman, who underwent concomitant radiotherapy and 5 FU-cis-platin based chemotherapy. Surgical tumor resection was then performed, which incidentally revealed an isolated liver nodule measuring 12 mm. This nodule was histologically characterized by an intense sinusoidal dilatation and a central venular occlusion, similar to that seen in veno-occlusive disease. This lesion was not correlated to any clinical or biological dysfunction and was finally considered as a vascular injury linked to the additive effect of the combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This observation illustrates some iatrogenic hepatic side effects, that have been rarely described in digestive cancers and mainly in the case of colo-rectal metastases. Vascular damage may remain histological, as in our case. But one should be aware that vascular injuries could influence hepatic function and regeneration after wide hepatectomy as well as extensive fibrosis.


This study aimed to get empirical evidence audit fee as the moderating influence of auditor switching and audit tenure on audit quality. This research was conducted on all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2015 period. The sampling method using purposive sampling. The number of samples of this research were 198 companies. Quality audits in this study using a proxy earnings surprise benchmark. Data analysis technique used is the logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the auditor switching does not affect the quality of the audit, audit tenure positive effect on the quality of the audit, the audit fee was not able to moderate the effect of switching auditors on audit quality and audit fees are not able to moderate the influence of audit tenure on audit quality.


Mechanisms for the high potency of ethanol in inducing cell replicative deactivation are discussed. It is concluded that ethanol per se is not the effector but that acetaldehyde is the actual causative agent, acetaldehyde being the metabolic intermediate prior to ethanol in the glycolytic pathway. The minimum concentration of acetaldehyde is thus related to that of ethanol via an equilibrium reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase. During active metabolism the level of acetaldehyde may be higher due to imbalances in the cellular redox balance and to differences between the rates of production and consumption of acetaldehyde.


We study supersymmetric solutions in 7- and 8-dimensional Abelian heterotic supergravity theories. In dimension 7, the solutions are described by $G_{2}$ with torsion equations. When a $G_{2}$ manifold has principal orbits $S^{3} \times S^{3}$, the equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations with four radial functions. For these equations we obtain explicit ALC metrics with $S^{3}$-bolt and $T^{1,1}$-bolt singularities. In dimension 8, we study supersymmetric solutions to $Spin(7)$ with torsion equations associated with 3-Sasakian manifolds by using a similar method to the case $G_{2}$.


Proton conductivity measurement and ac impedance analysis of CsHSO 4 /SiO 2 composites where carried out using two different methods to prepare sample powders: mechanical mixing and evaporation to dryness. At temperatures below the superprotonic phase transition temperature of CsHSO 4 , ca. 140°C, the conductivity of the composite prepared by the evaporation to dryness method was larger by 4 orders of magnitude than that of pure CsHSO 4 , and larger by 2 orders of magnitude than that of the composite prepared by mechanical mixing. The pore size of SiO 2 particles (2-16 nm) influenced the conductivity, with the conductivity becoming higher as the pore size became larger. In the impedance spectra, two semicircles appeared in the composite system and were deconstructed to study proton conduction processes. Impedance analysis suggests that the formation of an interface between CsHSO 4 and SiO 2 and the high dispersion of SiO 2 particles result in the enhancement of conductivity. X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis indicate that structural disorder in the interface would induce a significant enhancement of conductivity even at temperatures below the phase transition temperature.


We present a privacy-preserving protocol to anonymously collect information about a social graph. The typical application of our protocol is Bluetooth-enabled "contact-tracing apps" which record information about proximity between users to infer the risk of propagation of COVID-19 among them. The main contribution of this work is to enable a central server to construct an anonymous graph of interactions between users. This graph gives the central authority insight on the propagation of the virus, and allows it to run predictive models on it while protecting the privacy of users. The main technical tool we use is an accumulator scheme due to Camenisch and Lysyanskaya [1] to keep track of the credentials of users, and prove accumulated credentials in Zero-Knowledge.


The African grasscutter is a nocturnal rodent, currently bred as a minilivestock, and research model. The present study was aimed at describing the structure of the auditory and visual reflex centres, with a view to understanding the nocturnal behaviour of the rodent. The rostral and caudal colliculi of the mesencephalic tectum were harvested from neonate, juvenile and adult African grasscutters and subjected to basic neuro-anatomical techniques. On each postnatal period, the corpora quadrigemina was bound rostrally by the 3rd ventricle and caudally by the 4th ventricle, and the caudal colliculus was grossly bigger than the rostral colliculus. The heights of the rostral and caudal colliculi in the neonates were 6.38 ± 0.28 mm and 8.78 ± 0.08 mm, respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The values in the juveniles were 5.94 ± 0.21 mm and 11.45 ± 0.17 mm, respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The values in the adults were 8.08 ± 0.35 mm and 16.16 ± 0.30 mm, respectively, and the difference was also significant (P < 0.05). The relative weight of rostral colliculus in the adult was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the neonates, but not the juveniles. The relative weight of the caudal colliculus in the adults was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the juveniles. In conclusion, the relatively bigger caudal colliculi, than the rostral colliculi, observed at all postnatal periods studied, suggests a more acute auditory than visual ability in the African grasscutter.


SUMMARY Fcreceptor expression byenriched monocytesfromrheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients andageandsexmatched controls (healthy subjects) was compared bymeasuring theuptake ofIgG on monocytesinacompetitive radioassay. Theassociation constant(Ka)between IgGandthe monocytesandthenumberofFcbinding sites percell was calculated fromScatchard plots of4°C binding data. RA monocyteshadincreased expression ofFcreceptors ascompared withthose of controls. Thisincrease was particularly pronounced inthoseRA patients affected byextraarticular disease. There were significant correlations between thenumbersofFcreceptors on monocytesandbothClqbinding andanticomplementary activity butnone between monocyteFc receptor numbers andserum rheumatoid factors (IgGandIgM). Itisconsidered that monocyte handling ofcirculating immunecomplexes isunimpaired inRA andthat monocytesmakean adaptive responsetoincreased levels ofimmunecomplexes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients frequently have highlevels ofcirculating antigen-antibody complexes. Complexes circulate because their rateof formation equals orexceeds their rateofremoval, andithasbeensuggested that thefunctioning ofthe cells involved incomplex clearance, thecells ofthe mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), isimpaired in RA patients. Although theclearance rateofheatdamaged erythrocytes isslower inRA patients than innormal individuals,' itisnotknownifthis defect in clearance extends totheremoval ofsoluble antigenantibody complexes. On thecontrary, farfrom saturating theMPS ithasbeenargued thatsoluble complexes maystimulate phagocytes.2 Onemanifestation ofphagocyte activation isan increase inFcreceptor expression.3 Thisledustoask ifexpression ofFcreceptors bymonocytes was altered inpatients withRA. Toachieve this itwas necessary topurify andtest monocytes without stimulation. Hencesurface adherence wasavoided, and themonocytes wereobtained bydensity gradient