The invention discloses a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a catalytic coal gasification system and a gasifying process, relating to the technical field of catalytic coal gasification and aiming at solving the technical problems of vapor condensation on the wall of the gasification furnace and heat loss of a gasification furnace body. The fluidized bed gasification furnace comprises a furnace wall, a refractory liner and a distributing plate, wherein the gasification furnace body is provided with a feeding hole, a gasifying agent inlet, a coal gas outlet and a deslagging hole, the furnace wall comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, the refractory liner is fixed on the inner wall of the inner shell, a jacket layer is arranged in a gap between the inner shell and the outer shell, and fluid mediums of which the temperature is higher than the dew point temperature corresponding to the partial pressure of steam in a furnace cavity are circulated in the jacket layer. According to the gasification furnace, the condition that the temperature of the wall of the gasification furnace is higher than the dew point temperature corresponding to the partial pressure of steam in the furnace can be ensured, steam in the gasification furnace can be prevented from condensation in the furnace wall and the refractory liner, heat loss of the furnace body can be reduced, the temperature inside the furnace can be constant favorably, and the long-term stability and the safety of the gasification furnace are improved.


SUGHRUE MION, PLLC (57) ABSTRACT 2100 PENNSYLVANIAAVENUE, N.W. SUTE 800 In a reactor of the invention, the reaction chamber (1) is WASHINGTON, DC 20037 (US) defined by a leakproof wall (2) protected by a heater liner (14). The heater liner (14) is raised to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of the polymers that are (21) Appl. No.: 10/516,457 generated during the passivation Step of an alternating plasma etching method So as to avoid depositing polymer on (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 10, 2003 the leakproof wall (2) of the reaction chamber (1) or on the heater liner (14) itself. As a result, etching speed is kept (86) PCT No.: PCT/FR03/02156 COnStant.


This descriptive research was aimed to find out the ability of the first year students of SMAN 3Pekanbaru in writing procedure texts. The research data were collected in September 2016. The subject of this research was class X IPA 4 which consisted of 32 students. The data were collected by giving a writing test to the students.Based on the research, it was found out that first: the ability of the first year students in writing procedure texts is in good level with the mean score of 63.00. Second, the students' mean score in terms of grammar is in moderate level with the mean score of 49.17, in terms of organization is in good level with the mean score of 78.75, in terms of mechanic is in good level with the mean score of 61.45, in terms of vocabulary is in moderate level with the mean score of 48.33, in terms of fluency is in good level with the mean score of79.37. As a conclusion, the highest score obtained by the students is in terms of fluency with the mean score of 79.37 which is categorized into good level, and the lowest score that the students got is in terms of vocabulary the mean score of 48.33 which is categorized into moderate level. English teacher may develop the students' motivation and encourage them to learn more about procedure texts as a practice of writing procedure texts in order to make the students familiar with writing materials. For next researcher, the writer suggests that to conduct other research in this school.


Knowledge is not static chunks of information, but dynamic in the sense that its value or relevance evolves based on continuously changing context. Traditional approaches in knowledge management systems rely on accumulating as much knowledge units as possible. However, less attention is paid to the evolution of captured knowledge while any change in the context of captured knowledge has to be reflected in the form of its relevance. This paper puts forth a framework for knowledge lifecycle and activation model to cater for the dynamic assessment of captured knowledge. This is maintained through the continuous knowledge assessment carried out collaboratively by respective knowledge workers.


For more than ten years, an ever increasing number of physicians share the opinion that physical exercises can be of essential importance in the treatment of various internal diseases. This, however, is by no means a 'fashionable novelty'. It is generally known that in ancient times, and in the 'Golden Age' of the Roman Empire, physical exercises and sports were recommended therapeutic means described by Herodikos, Hippocrates, Galen, Philistratos and many others. During the renaissance, these thoughts were revived. In 1569, for example, Hieronimus Mercurialis, of Forli, gave detailed and accurate instructions regarding the treatment by physical exercises in his book 'De arte Gymnastica'. The same applies to Hippolitus Guarinonius, of Trient, who dealt with this subject in his German volume 'Die Greuel der Verwustung des Menschengeschlechtes' (The Atrocity of the Devastation of Mankind). Since then, these thoughts were accentuated by outstanding scientists time and again. Heberden, in 1772, reported on the salubrity of physical exercises in the treatment of angina pectoris. Even the relevant recommendations of Parry are as old as the first description of the clinical picture which has become more than topical today.


A new design of optical phase modulator in SIMOX has been demonstrated, which allows duplication of active waveguides with a minimum requirement for external contacts and metallization. The device is based on a common cathode configuration and requires 56.5 mA at 1.65 V to produce a /spl pi/-phase shift. To confirm the experimental results, the same device structure has been modeled, and provided good agreement, with V/sub /spl pi// calculated to 1.70 V and 52.6 mA.


The title compound, C17H14O4·CHCl3, was isolated from the rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora. The benzopyran-4-one ring system and the phenyl substituent are approximately coplanar. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π stacking interactions between the benzopyran-4-one ring system of inversion-related molecules stacked along the c axis, and C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.


Some unusual structures on the surface of metals and films (various x-ray films and nuclear emulsions ) caused by exposure to bombardment by low-energy ions in glow discharge plasma, in electrolysis and other low-energy processes (when energy of particles doesn't exceed several keV) have been found. The mechanism and model of the strange tracks formations and explanation of their structure change are suggested.


578Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. There is strong evidence that screening for colorectal cancer improves survival in conutries with high incidence. Although Mexico is considered a country with a low incidence of CRC, 4694 potentially preventable deaths occur every year. There is no established CRC screening program in our country, risk stratification of the target populations to be screened may bring potential advantages, making the strategy more cost-effective. The Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score, is a validated risk-stratification tool that helps identify individuals at risk for advanced colorectal neoplasm amongst the asymptomatic population. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of database records from 1172 patients who underwent screening colonoscopy betwen january 2013 and november 2014. Results: The prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia was 2.9%. Applying the APCS stratification, 91 subjects (7.8%) we...


The utility model relates to a clothes hanger, in particular to a conical cap type windproof clothes hanger. The conical cap type windproof clothes hanger comprises a clothes hanger body and a fixing hook, wherein the fixing hook is arranged at the top end of the clothes hanger body. The conical cap type windproof clothes hanger is also provided with a rotary rod, wherein the rotary rod is fixedly connected with the fixing hook through a connecting shaft and is sleeved with a conical locking nut, the rotary rod is a curve rod, the pointed end of the rotary rod is parallel to the pointed end of the fixing hook when the rotary rod rotates to the position where the pointed end of the rotary rod is opposite to the pointed end of the fixing hook, and the pointed end of the fixing hook is in the cone shape which is matched with the shape of the conical locking nut and is provided with fixing hook end threads. According to the conical cap type windproof clothes hanger, after the clothes hanger is hung on a hanging rope or a cross rod, the windproof conical nut is locked, then the clothes hanger can be prevented from being blown down by wind, and connection is reliable; due to the fact that the windproof conical cap type design is adopted, the effect of gradual tightening can be achieved when the clothes hanger is in use, and windproof connection is firmer.


In order to master the change rule of the space or air gap layer between fabric performances and wearer′s skin,experiments are carried out by putting on a standard mannequin garments with identical style but different fabrics,and 2 NX-16 three-dimensional body scanning technique is used to collect point clouds data from the mannequin.Through computer graphics processing and comparison,3-D space is displayed,as well as its integral volume.The main fabric performances affecting the space and the expression of their relationships are educed by stepwise regression analysis.The space is closely correlated with fabric performances,i.e.,positively correlated with fabric′s warp density and crest uniformity in drape test,but negatively correlated with crest angle uniformity in drage test.The conclusion can play the role of prediction and control for garment design,especially for the material design of protective clothing.


The paper summarizes the phonetic rules of initial assimilation of Jiaocheng dialect in Ningde city,Fujian province.It also probes into the semantic,syntactic and pragmatic restrictions over initial assimilation.Based on the out-of-rule initial assimilation data and on the old-style Jiaocheng dialect and Yangzhong dialect,the paper argues that there were three sets of initial assimilation by the preceding final endings in the earlier Jiaocheng dialect.


The utility model relates to a simulating amount collecting device which comprises DC/CD modules, a primary simulating amount filter circuit with thirty-two simulating amount filtering unit circuits, a simulating amount spread circuit converting eight acquisition channels into thirty-two acquisition channels, a digital isolated circuit, a secondary simulating amount filter circuit, a connector, a simulating amount collecting circuit converting simulating signals into digital signals, a microcontroller, an RS232 electrical level conversion interface converting TTL electrical level and RS232 electrical level, an RS485 electrical level conversion interface connected between the RS485 communication interface of the microcontroller and a PLC communication interface for converting the TTL electrical level and the RS485 electrical level. The utility model adopts modular design and every set of devices is provided with a local acquisition channel supplying 32current/voltage simulating amount for a PLC system. Meanwhile, the remote collection of the 32 simulating amount can be realized by a remote collecting expanding card offered by the device.


Hearing and conversation is an important part of the English course. Inadequacy in hearing and conversation will hinder students further study of English, thus affecting their communication with foreigners. For the course of hearing and conversation, more practice should be made in combination with what they have already learned. It is advisable to start with hearing and promote speaking with hearing. Only in this way can students abilities of hearing and speaking be improved.


The vibration of a solid elastic cylinder is one of the classical applied problems of elastodynamics. Many fundamental forced-vibration problems involving solid elastic cylinders have not yet been studied or solved using the full three-dimensional (3D) theory of linear elasticity. One such problem is the steady-state forced-vibration response of a simply-supported isotropic solid elastic circular cylinder subjected to two-dimensional harmonic standing-wave excitations on its curved surface. In this paper, we exploit certain previously-obtained particular solutions to the Navier-Lame equation of motion and exact matrix algebra to construct an exact closed-form 3D elastodynamic solution to the problem. The method of solution is direct and demonstrates a general approach that can be applied to solve other similar forced-vibration problems involving elastic cylinders. Two complete analytical solutions are in fact constructed corresponding to two different but closely-related families of harmonic standing-wave excitations. The second of these analytical solutions is evaluated numerically in order to study the steady-state frequency response in some example excitation cases. In each case, the solution generates a series of resonances that are in correspondence with a subset of the natural frequencies of the simply-supported cylinder. The considered problem is of general interest both as an exactly-solvable 3D elastodynamics problem and as a benchmark forced-vibration problem involving a solid elastic cylinder.


This research aims to identify online challenge-based learning (CBL) that builds on the problem-based learning practice to support professors working in two Mexican institutions with solutions to six social challenges defined by the institutions. Thirty-five professors from Tecnologico de Monterrey participated in developing the solutions related to given challenges by taking a social approach. For this activity, an online training session of one week was organized by the Faculty Development and Educational Innovation Center (CEDDIE) of Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico City, Mexico. The data was collected through an online survey based on quantitative and qualitative questionnaires. We received fifteen complete responses out of thirty-five. Analyzing the results of this study affirmed that online CBL activities served professors to promote social interactions, develop pedagogical competencies, and share knowledge based on their learning experience through active collaboration with peers in the same institutions but from different disciplines and campuses to identify and solve existing societal issues.


The abuse and neglect system is premised on the child's need for protection. The language of the system itself seems to suggest that the child's need for protection is a right?a right, for example, to be cared for and nurtured or to be placed in a permanent and safe loving home. Thinking about rights in this way, as needs the child may have that warrant protection, is entirely consistent with an interest theory of rights.1 Under this account, certain individual interests generate rights although the theory itself leaves open the question of which specific interests actually give rise to rights. Thus rights are those interests deemed worthy of protection; to that extent, any duties which arise are the result of saying that a particular interest is worthy of protection. Those who claim that children do have rights under an interest theory invariably identify as rights those interests which strongly correlate to the child's need for protection.2 For example, the child's interest in being cared for, nurtured, and loved is worthy of protection as a right. The child's basic interests, like the need for food, shelter, and love,


During the period 1937-1952 the study of electrical excitability mechanisms in axons matured from discoveries of membrane impedance changes to a complete kinetic description of ionic permeability changes in the squid giant axon (35). There followed a period of relative stagnation while the results on squid were rechecked and new voltage clamp methods were developed for other excitable systems. Then in the 1960s a new movement developed whose philosophy underlies the substantial activity and rate of progress characteristic of the field today. The new movement may be traced to the discovery of the specific blocking action of tetrodotoxin (TTX). TTX was shown to block the transient Na+ permeability of axon membranes with no effects on K+ permeability (47, 52, 53), and it was concluded that Na+ and K+ permeability are mediated by separate and discrete sites, now called Na channels and K channels. Very soon, techniques were developed to count the number ofTTX binding sites and hence the number of Na channels. These events finally replaced the idea of a homogeneous membrane endowed with diffuse ionic permeability by the idea of discrete molecular pores, the ionic channels. Arguments for molecular pores have been reviewed (3, 21, 28, 65, 66). The new molecular viewpoint has fostered efforts to count channels, to measure the permeability of single open channels, to measure their pore size and internal topography, to modify them chemically, and even to isolate them. Conceptually the channel is considered to have two fundamental properties: excitability and permea bility. Excitability means the ability to react to changes in the membrane potential and is loosely attributed to an electric field sensor coupled to gates that open or close the channel. Permeability includes the ability to let ions cross the membrane and the ability to discriminate among different ionic species. Permeability is presumed to be explainable in terms of the morphology and chemical nature of the pore revealed when the gates of the channel are open. Recent advances in explaining ionic permeability have just been reviewed (3, 21, 31, 32, 65); therefore this review turns


This article examines the increasingly frequent assertion (by representatives of so-called "minority groups" within the mental health movement) that particular experience/expertise is required to provide maximally useful mental health services to members of such subgroups. Spokespersons purporting to represent true ethnic minorities, women, religious, homosexual, and, more recently activity groups (e.g.) "sports psychology" have proposed that it is only as an individual provider who has shared the background, dogma, experience, and/or myths of a particular cultural sub-group can that professional provide the highest quality of mental health service. This article proposes that such that a point of view is theoretically unsound and that it is not the function of the psychotherapist to "understand" the "experience" of the patient/client in understanding what the patient/client's experience meant to the patient/client as an individual. From this perspective, it may well be that the therapist's personal partic...


Objective To investigate the effects of etomidate combined with sufentanyl in Artificial Abortion. Methods In our hospital during the first half of 2011 lines screened 80 cases of patients,they were divided into two groups,GroupⅠ:Sufentanyl 0.1 μg/kg+etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,GroupⅡ: Fentanyl 1.0 μg/kg+etomidate 0.3 mg/kg.BP,HR and SpO2 were measured before anesthesia(T0),after the start of surgery 3 min(T1),and after waking up(T2),observed postoperative pain of contractions and patient satisfaction. Results Sufentanyl postoperative pain score decreased contractions(P0.05),Two groups of hemodynamic did not change significantly. Conclusion Etomidate combined with sufentanyl in Artificial Abortion for analgesic effect of the exactpainless,relatively stable hemodynamic,and can be used safely in painless artificial abortion with fewer complications.


The sensitive detection of light polarization besides the intensity and wavelength, can provide a new degree of freedom for more and clearer information of imaging targets in night, fog, and smoke environment. However, the conventional filter‐integrated polarimetric photodetectors suffer from the complicated fabrication process and limited spectral range. Herein, broadband and polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are achieved with reconfigurable operation mode, utilizing the linear dichroism and narrow band gap of 2D As0.4P0.6 with in‐plane anisotropic structure. In As0.4P0.6‐MoTe2 heterojunction device, both photo‐gating and photovoltaic modes are operated and switchable, contributing to high responsivity (1590 A W−1 at 405 nm and 14.7 A W−1 at 1550 nm) and ultrafast speed (25 µs) in the wide spectral band (405–1550 nm). Interestingly, an optical reversal is observed on both linear dichroism and polarimetric photocurrent due to the wavelength‐dependent polarization reverse nature of the As0.4P0.6 flakes. The dichroism ratio of photocurrent can be modulated from unity to ≈10 by varying the gate voltage, enabling the reconfigurable detection mode from polarization‐independence to polarization‐susceptibility. This study demonstrates a new prototype device comprising low symmetric van der Waals heterostructure, possessing the gate‐tunability on both photo‐gain and dichroism ratio, toward high performance, reconfigurable, broadband, and polarization‐resolved photodetection and imaging applications.


As high speed Internet is connecting citizens and businesses around the world, social and economic mode of interactions among citizens, governments, customers and businesses are changing rapidly. Governments and businesses are using web information systems to provide highest quality services at affordable cost to their citizens and customers. Citizens and customers are becoming more demanding. Businesses are experiencing intense pressure of global competitors, and are in constant search for strategies and models for better governance and sustaining growth. This paper examines the impacts of Internet and web-technology on the functions, processes, structure and behaviour of connected-business organizations, and their effects on the competitive landscape and sustainability of eBusiness organizations. As a final point, it provides a conceptual model for sustaining competitive advantage in digital economy.


Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a rapid increase in the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The distinct features of pulmonary biology in COVID-19 ARDS compared to other causes of ARDS, including other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), are not well understood. Methods: Tracheal aspirates (TA) and plasma were collected within five days of intubation from mechanically ventilated adults admitted to one of two academic medical centers. ARDS and LRTI diagnoses and were verified by study physicians. Subjects were excluded if they received immunosuppression. TA from subjects with COVID-ARDS was compared to gene expression in TA from subjects with other causes of ARDS (OtherARDS) or mechanically ventilated control subjects without evidence of pulmonary pathology (NoARDS). Plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and protein C also were compared between these groups. Upstream regulator and pathway analysis was performed on significantly differentially expressed genes with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare gene expression in COVID to ARDS associated with other viral LRTIs and bacterial LRTIs. The association of interferon-stimulated gene expression with SARS-CoV2 viral load was compared to the same association in nasopharyngeal swabs in a cohort of subjects with mild SARS-CoV2. Results: TA sequencing was available from 15 subjects with COVID, 32 subjects with other causes of ARDS (OtherARDS), and 5 mechanically ventilated subjects without evidence of pulmonary pathology (NoARDS). 696 genes were differentially expressed between COVID and OtherARDS (Figure 1A). IL-6, IL-8, B-cell receptor, and hypoxia inducible factor-1a signaling were attenuated in COVID compared to OtherARDS. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and PTEN signaling were higher in COVID compared to OtherARDS (Figure 1B). Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, and protein C were not significantly different between COVID and OtherARDS. In subgroup analyses, IL-8 signaling was higher in COVID compared to viral LRTI, but lower than bacterial LRTI. Type I/III interferon was higher in COVID compared to bacterial ARDS, but lower compared to viral ARDS (Figure 1C). Compared to nasopharyngeal swabs from subjects with mild COVID-19, expression of several interferon stimulated genes was less strongly correlated with SARS-CoV2 viral load in TA (Figure 1D). IPA identified several candidate medications to treat COVID-19, including dexamethasone, G-CSF, and etanercept. Conclusions: TA sequencing identifies unique features of the host response in COVID-19. These differentially expressed pathways may represent potential therapeutic targets. An impaired interferon response in the lung may increase susceptibility to severe SARS-COV2.


This article briefly introduces the characteristics,working mechanism,and adaptation scope of non-excavation pipe jacking,and focuses on operation points of non-excavation pipe jacking in construction process.Combining with relevant norms,it demonstrates the quality control points,with a view to guide practice and to promote its wide application.


Thermodynamic steam-trap control, or subcool control, in a typical steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) production is essential to the stability and longevity of the operation. It is achieved commonly through the control of fluid production. The goal of such control is to maintain a steady and healthy liquid production without allowing steam from the injector to bypass to the producer. Therefore, it is effectively a control of the liquid level above the producer. Unfortunately, it is not practical to monitor this liquid level. A rule-of-thumb subcool-per-metre estimation of 10°C/m of liquid level is popular in the industry; however it does not prove to hold in many situations. This paper presents a study of the dynamics of SAGD-production control with a resulting algebraic equation that relates subcool, fluid productivity, and wellbore drawdown to the liquid level above a producer. The main conclusions of this study include • There is no minimum subcool value for a pure-gravity-drainage scenario; however, as the wellbore drawdown is considered, there is a minimum subcool value in order to maintain the stability of fluid flow. • For a given productivity, the liquid level increases as subcool increases or as wellbore drawdown decreases. • For each given set of operating parameters, there exists a critical productivity below which SAGD operation would halt. • Before the steam chamber reaches the top of the reservoir, the fluid productivity is limited by the vertical distance between the injector and the producer; the larger the distance, the higher the fluid-production rate can be. A verification of this analysis was conducted by a series of numerical reservoir simulations. Although limited to two dimensions, we expect that this analysis captures the main physics amid the dynamic complexity of SAGD-production control. The resulting algebraic equation can be used for better understanding of the dynamics of subcool control and for determining operation strategies.


The work describes the application of the authors' previously described work, on achieving repeatable frequency response measurements from sampled-data systems, to a large diesel engine. A review is made of the salient points necessary to appreciate the measurements and various problems that occurred during the experiments are discussed. Experimental evidence is presented showing that once the essential sampled nature of a reciprocating engine is recognized, and allowed for, the engine control system should be capable of being designed systematically.


By analyzing the safety classification for the systems and functions of nuclear power plants based on the general design requirements for nuclear power plants,especially the requirement of availability and reliability of IC systems,the characteristics of modern DCS technology and IC products currently applied in nuclear power field are interpreted.According to the requirements on the safety operation of nu-clear power plants and the regulations for safety audit,the effect of different safety classifications on DCS design in nuclear power plants is analyzed,by considering the actual design process of different DCS solu-tions in the nuclear power plants under construction.


The Descarte's contribution is not so large as Newton's and Einstain's,but his physics thought influenced many physicists in various areas and established a firm foundation to many great contributions.


Overheating causes of the reheater in No.7 boiler of Xuzhou Power Plant were analyzed by testing cold modeling and measuring boiler tube temperature.Hence,corresponding solutions were presented and proved effective in solving the problem of reheater overheating.The solutions will be of great use for similar problems of boiler reheaters.


Infrared spectra of long-chain n-alkane molecules, CH 3(CH2)mCH3, with m > 8, have been obtained in absorption and emission and are compared to spectra of a variety of interstellar sources. Absorption spectra of these molecules in the 3.4 μm region are remarkably similar, consisting of narrow features at 3.384, 3.425, and 3.508 μm, independent of chain length. These features are not seen in absorption in interstellar clouds. We estimate that the column density of CH2 groups in long-chain n-alkanes is typically N < (1.2-2.9) × 1016 cm-2 in VI Cyg 12. Given the narrow width of these features, this limit could be improved with higher resolution observations. Thermal spectra of these molecules show a number of characteristic features near 6.8, 7.3, and 13.9 μm that should be useful in determining whether large n-alkane molecules are present in interstellar emission sources.


The innovation in the automotive domain is shifting considerably to the Electrical/Electronics system and software. The evolution cycle of the electronic system and the software is significantly shorter than the life cycle of a vehicle and therefore the functionality of a vehicle might become 'outdated' easily in the future. Thus, it would be advantageous if new applications can be installed or existing applications can be upgraded via cloud services after sales in a plug-and-play fashion. This requires that the underlying system possesses a certain degree of adaptivity and reconfigurability. One important issue in this case is the allocation of computation and communication resources. In the case of a time-triggered system, the task and network schedules need to be adapted to accommodate new applications. Towards addressing this problem, we propose a schedule management framework to obtain, synthesize and manage schedules efficiently online for Ethernet-based time-triggered systems in the automotive context. This framework is based on a client-server architecture and each side consists of a web module, a synthesis module and a configuration pool. It utilizes the Internet access of modern vehicles to exploit the computation and storage capacity on the server in a cloud-computing manner and can facilitate the reuse of generated schedule sets. In the synthesis module, a four-stage strategy is introduced to reduce the synthesis time and the disturbance to existing applications. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can be applied to generate and manage schedules online and benefit from both onboard and cloud-based schedule synthesis. The result also shows the applicability of the introduced four-stage synthesis~strategy.


The objective of this paper is to propose an integrated web mining technique for improving the response time of web pages and reducing user perceived latency. This hybrid technique is based on integration of two Web mining techniques: Web caching and Web pre-fetching. By integration, these techniques may compliment each other since Web Caching exploits temporal locality and Web Pre-fetching utilizes spatial locality. Pre-fetching the predicted web objects into the proxy server cache can increase cache hit-ratio. A comparison between web pre-fetching techniques is done to present the benefits of hybrid approach. This paper also proposes that if Prefetching techniques like Domain Top Prefetching and Dynamic Web Prefetching are combined then it can further improve the Hybrid approach. Keywords— Web mining; user perceived latency; proxy server; Web caching; Web pre-fetching; temporal locality; spatial locality; cache hit-ratio; Domain Top prefetching; dynamic prefetching.


This paper describes the OCLC/LC Fiction Project from the point of view of a cataloger participating in it. The four types of access to individual works of fiction are discussed-form/genre, character(s), geographical setting, and topical. Issues involved in applying these headings to works (such as genre definitions, the nature of fiction, intertextuality, and the cataloger's subjectivity) are also considered in regard to the Project.


With the economic development and the growth of population in urban areas,water use is increasingly raising up,which has led to water shortage in cities.It has been attached a great attention to water issue.This paper has quantitatively described the assessment to water use condition and water shortage issues in Huludao city and has given the projection of potential water shortage for areas in Huludao city.The solutions targeted to water shortage are proposed in this paper.


To the Editor: —I have read with some interest the abstract of the article by Loewy and Placzek on this subject (The Journal, July 11, 1914, p. 203). I do not know how much this subject interests the medical profession, but I cannot allow a notice like this to pass without giving my views as a practical aviator. I have repeatedly flown at heights in excess of 4,000 meters (about 21/2 miles). When I won the Tri-State Race going from Boston to Nashua, N. H., to Worcester, Mass., to Providence, R. I., and back to Boston I flew at practically this height during the entire distance. I have always believed in high flying. I am convinced that it is far less dangerous than flying low. In the first place the vertical air-currents which annoy the aviator at low altitudes have no effect at great heights. The horizontal air-currents, corresponding to


[Objective] The aim was to explore an effective method for immobilization of bacteria lipase on the basis of traditional sodium alginate embedding,and provide some reference for industrial production.[Method] Taking kaolin and sodium alginate as carrier,the immobilized lipase was prepared by embedding method,and the activity and rate of enzyme activity of lipase were determined.[Result] The relative activity of immobilized lipase reached to 30.00%,the rate of enzyme activity was 62.55%.[Conclusion] The immobilized lipase had good stability,and was beneficial to apply in industrial production.


In tunnel construction of rich water karst area,the key technology to guarantee the tunnel construction security is to detect and forecast the geological situation in front of the tunnel face.In the construction of Jinzishan Tunnel of Yiwan Railway in the karst area which is rich in water, multiple ways were adopted to forecast the tunnel geology such as the Tunnel Seismic Prediction 203 System,the infrared water measuring meter and so on.In view of the multi-solusion characteristic existed by physical detection at present,"the multi-stage,multi-way and the multi-level""synthesis stereo forecast technology" has been gradually formed,primarily by the long physical prospecting and the horizontal geology drilling confirmation,and supplementally by the short distance geology sketching and by increasing the long boring holes to be confirmed before construction.Taking this technology as the backing to forecast the geological situation in the strong karst area where is rich in water in tunnel construction,we have succeeded in getting through the intake of Jinzishan Tunnel in the karst belt.


In this paper, we propose a new sub-band approach to estimate the glottal activity. The method is based on the spectral harmonicity and the sub-band temporal properties of voiced speech. We propose a method to represent glottal excitation signal using sub-band temporal envelope. Instants of maximum glottal excitation or Glottal Closure Instants (GCI) are extracted from the estimated glottal excitation pattern and the result is compared with a standard GCI computation method, DYPSA [1]. The performance of the algorithm is also compared for the noisy signal and it is shown that the proposed method is less variant to GCI estimation under noisy conditions compared to DYPSA. The algorithm is evaluated on the CMU-ARCTIC database.


If a business giant such as AB InBev may, at first sight, appear like a faceless corporate monolith, this book has sought to uncover the many personal and collective stories that together contributed to create the colossus it has become. The rise of Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successors from local players to world leadership is a complex and contrasted story, convoluting through time under changed shapes, names, and strategies, but whose contours are delineated by enduring traits. Oriented by influential shareholder families and steered with a strongly entrepreneurial compass, the companies did not follow a linear path, but rather followed the difficult meanders of longevity, learning from both failures and successes....


with the huge data that is available from a simple raw dataset, the relevancy of features became important part in data mining. However, most comparison of classification result evaluates only the classification performance while compromising the quality of the attributes. Hence, this paper focused on the entropy evaluation based on bit per instance and compared using the two feature selection methods such as filter and wrapper, namely: InfoGain and wrapper Subset Evaluation using J48 algorithm. Evaluated features are both encoded to an expert machine classifier to perform the evaluation of the attributes that output rule. The overall accuracy in terms of classifiers performance gained by filter method is 97.9752% while Wrapper method gained 98.0422%. The result of Log-loss prior to the probabilities with respect to its entropy has both produced 0.2488 bits/instance of filter with 28 numeric attributes and wrapper method with 8 numeric attributes. On the other hand, the results of log-loss that shows the class complexity on scheme using Wrapper method has produced better result with 1.3381 bits/instance than Filter method with 6.2335 bits/instance. Lastly, Log loss information in this study produced sufficient information not only in the classifiers performance with respect to each classes but also to the model produced.


A function to warn a drowsy driver is a prospective device to be included in intelligent transportation systems. We compared the eye closure rate (PERCLOS) with the vertical eye movement frequency between wakeful and drowsy states of drivers who were driving a car in a driving simulator. Three subjects participated in the experiment. In the drowsy state condition, both measures showed high values in frequency, which was significant enough to distinguish between the two states with a threshold. The threshold level, which can distinguish the two states, is defined as the rate at the cross point of the curves of two possibility density functions made by the frequency of the rates of the two measures at the two states. The distinction error was evaluated for three analysis durations. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the better measure was different for each subject.


Onamba Indonesia is an manufacture industry which produced electronic parts with the main product is Wire Harness (Wire Assembly). Along with the times, Wire Harness product quality is a must, to full fill customer requirement which come from different types of leading company. One of Wire Harness product is GALVA model, whre the main process are; 1. Cutting and Crimping, 2. Insert Wire to Connector, 3. Hot Press, 4. Inspection (Electrical and Visual Checking). Main problem faced by this company for GALVA model is "Blue Plastic (R-Tape) release from Wire".  R -Tape function is making customer easy on their assembling process. If R-Tape release, it make customer have difficulty on their assembling process. Sealing this plastic on wire done by hot press machine.

                From above problem, base on data on beginning 2012 year show the quality level on 4127 PPM or same with 4 Sigma on Six Sigma level. Company side try to improve the quality level until 5 Sigma. To solve this problem, experiment use Taguchi Method become one of solving choice with using factors which have effect, such as ; Dies Wide, R-Tape, Temperature, and Process Time for Hot Press. To know the quality from this hot press process, experiment result was tested to get maximum heat seal strength use Push Pull Gauge. The maximum of heat seal strength was chosen to determine the factors that influence it.
Hot Press process experimental result, the factors which have significant effect on the maximum seal strength are Dies Wide give effect to seal strength become 5,335 kg.f, Temperature factor give effect to seal strength become 5,180 kg.f., R-Tape B type give effect to seal strength become 4,765 kg.f , Process Time 9' give effect to seal strength become 4,745 kg.f . From the result of implementation of experiment result, there was a significant increase of quality level of  4 Sigma to 6 Sigma.


In 1984, a two-part study was initiated to evaluate the income and nutritional effects of shifting from maize to sugar cane production in south Nyanza, Kenya. During the first phase, baseline data was collected on the socioeconomic, food-consumption, and health and nutritional status of a cohort of households prior to their entry into the small-holder sugar cane out-growers scheme. The combination of the two studies provided one of the few opportunities to have baseline economic and health information on the households prior to their entry into cash cropping. In the first phase, the per capita income of the two groups was the same. In the follow-up of the cohort sample, the per capita income of the new entrant group was higher than that of the non-sugar group. This increase in income did not appear to influence pre-schoolers' morbidity or growth. Data from both phases of the study indicate that the health and sanitation environment had the most impact on pre-schoolers' growth, suggesting that growth will not be substantially improved in the short term by income alone.


The governance debate identifies the central problem of the separation of ownership and control in the large corporation and centers on the alignment of the agent's interests with those of the principaL Key factors in monitoring senior managements' performance include the composition and independence of outside board members, issues of transparency, outside reporting, accounting standards, and shareholder composition. Empirical research on corporate governance (e.g., Klein 2000; Peasnell et aL 2002) typically investigates quantifiable relationships between measures of corporate performance and specific remedies to agency problems, including the number and independence of directors on a company board or board committees and the independence of external auditors. This large body of research identifies important aspects of the problem of minimizing the conflicts between principal and agent. Until fairly recently, however, issues of bias in human cognition and perception, decision making under uncertainty, risk assessment, and the impact of emotion and affect on behavior received somewhat less attention in this literature. Monitors are frequently assumed to be rational actors (Fama 1980; Shleifer and Vishny 1997; Prentice 2000).1 Findings from cognitive psychology and behavioral studies, however, indicate that judgment, decision making, and behavior are not exclusively based on logical reasoning but are also subject to numerous heuristics and cognitive biases (T versky and Kahneman 1974; Kahneman and Tversky 1979; Fischhoff 2002), affect (Slovic et aL 2002), visceral factors (Schelling 1984; Loewenstein et aL 2001), and pressures toward conformity with the group or authority (Asch 1956; Janis 1982). Divergence from utility maximization over time adds a temporal dimension to this literature (Strotz 1955; Thaler 1981). These influences tend to steer human judgment, inference, and behavior


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects joints. Bone erosion and bone destruction are the characteristic features of RA.1 The mechanism of bone destruction is not fully understood at present. The decrease of apoptosis of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) originating from mesenchymal is involved in the occurrence and development of bone destruction in RA.2 Exosomes are important mediators of biological information and play a part in the occurrence and development of various diseases including RA.3 Objectives The aim of study was to find whether exosomes participate in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in RA. Methods plasma was collected from 10 healthy people and 20 RA patients. According to Sharp-van der Heijde score (SHS), patients were divided into two groups named bone destruction group and non bone destruction group. Exosomes were extracted by Total Exosome Isolation reagent and confirmed by transmission electron microscope and western blot. The internalisation of exosomes was detected by immunofluorescence. Normal FLSs were stimulated with exosomes. Flow cytometry was utilised to detect the alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis rate. The cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. Apotosis proteins (Bax, BCL-2 and caspase-3) were examined by western blot. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1 in the cell supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression of miRNAs in exosomes. Results There is no difference between exosomes of normal people and RA patients in promoting cell proliferation. However, the exosomes of RA patients can prohibit the cell apoptosis and promote the release of TNF-α and IL-1 from FLSs more effectively. Of these two RA groups, the abilities of bone destruction group exosomes are higher. The expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in bone destruction group are also significantly higher than that in the non bone destruction group and the normal group. Inversely the expression of Bax in bone destruction group is lower. Additionally, exsomal miR-92a are significantly over expressioned in bone destruction group.Abstract THU0059 – Figure 1Abstract THU0059 – Figure 2Abstract THU0059 – Figure 3Abstract THU0059 – Figure 4Abstract THU0059 – Figure 5 Conclusions The study showed that exosomes in the serum of RA patients can prohibit the apoptosis of FLSs and enhance the secretion of inflammatory cytokines to promote bone destruction. Exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Exosomes can be used as a potential predictor for early bone destruction. References [1] Müller-Ladner U, Pap T, Gay RE, Neidhart M, Gay S. Mechanisms of disease: the molecular and cellular basis of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol2005;1(2):102–10. [2] Lee DM, Kiener HP, Agarwal SK, Noss EH, Watts GF, Chisaka O, et al. Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis. ;Science 2007315 (5814):1006–10. [3] Schorey JS, Bhatnagar S. Exosome function: from tumour immunology to pathogen biology ;Traffic 20089 (6):871–81. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from Top Six Types of Talents Financial Assistance of Jiangsu Province Grant (BRA2016527), The Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (81671616), The Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (81471603). Disclosure of Interest None declared


quants, as they are known on Wall Streettry to make investment decisions using mathematical models that describe the behavior of a stock's future price in terms of presently observable variables. This differs from the traditional style of equity investment, which involves personal scrutiny of available data on a company, including subjective assessments of the company's management and competitive situation. Ultimately, the goal of both types of investors is to make money, and both broadly agree on how to go about doing it. The key difference is that quantitative analysts focus their efforts on defining a precise method by which objective information about a company should be processed to predict future performance, whereas traditional analysts repeatedly process this information themselves for each stock they track. We address quantitative stock selection from the perspective of knowledge discovery in databases and datu mining. One class of problems that data mining addresses, of which stock selection is a member, is the supervised learning or prediction problem: given a database of some arbitrary number of records (stocks, in this case), and some distinguished fields that we'd like to be able to predict given the other fields, discover


To improve quality of tobacco in the region of volcanic ash soil, field experiment of nine treatments of three factors and three levels, which were composed with magnesium sulfate(0, 57.75, and 115.5 kg/hm2), zinc sulfate(0, 6.60, 13.2 kg/hm2) and borax(0, 8.25, and 16.5 kg/hm2) was designed to research the effect of adding extra magnesium, zinc and boron on agricultural character, economic character and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco in Tengchong county. The results showed that treatment one(T1,with magnesium free and low zinc and boron level), treatment two(T2, with magnesium free and moderate zinc and boron level), treatment four(T4, with moderate boron and low magnesium and zinc level), and treatment eight(T8, with moderate magnesium, zinc and low boron level) could result in a better tobacco growth and good economic character compared with that of CK. Among the mentioned treatments, the yield value of treatment 1 was 66.8 thousand Yuan per hectare, with a 96.3% of middle and first class tobacco. The usability index of top, middle-stalk and lower leave was 0.69, 0.73 and 0.80, respectively. It could promote the growth of tobacco plant, improve the economic character and availability of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, and increase the content of plastid pigment degradation products and other volatile aroma substances in tobacco leaves by increasing extra zinc sulfate and borax in volcanic ash soil.


If anti‐hepatitis B core antibody testing is not mandated blood donors with occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) may transmit hepatitis B virus (HBV) to a recipient in spite of the use of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) or pathogen inactivation (PI).


This paper presents a service architecture that combines SET and SSL to provide a lightweight secure electronic commerce system. Although both protocols secure data over an open network like the Internet, they differ in their mode of operation. SET defines secure transaction-oriented exchanges for payment systems whereas SSL secures point-to-point communications. SET and SSL are complementary and the combined architecture permits a gradual introduction of SET services by reducing the need for cardholder certification.


A number of chondrichthyan fish species were caught on long-line in the Rockall Trough (north-east Atlantic) in 1997, which are first records for this area; Raja hyperborea, Raja kukujevi and Raja fullonica. The occurrence of R. hyperborea, usually found in colder boreal waters appears to be temperature related. The presence of the deep water squaliform shark Centrophorus uyato in the area was also confirmed and several species were caught at previously undocumented depths. The Rockall Trough is an extension of the North Atlantic deep environment (Mauchline, 1990). A long-line survey was undertaken in August 1997 on the eastern and southern slopes of the Rockall Trough (Figure 1), fishing gear and procedures are described by Connolly (1997). Identifications were undertaken by means of several texts (Compagno, 1984; Whitehead, et al., 1984; Stehmann, 1997). The specimens described below were lodged in the National Museum of Ireland (NMI) and the Hamburg University Zoological Museum, Germany (ZMH). Depth ranges, positions and catalogue numbers of the specimens described are given in Table 1.


Simple Summary Since the first discovery of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), they have become the gold standard treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. However, the inevitable acquisition of secondary TKI resistance after treatment with TKIs remains an unresolved issue. Here, we evaluated the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, Akt, IL-6, Jak2, and Stat3 by EGFR-TKI-resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), and found that NF-κB and AICDA are major players in the acquired resistance of lung cancer to TKIs. Therefore, treatment with an EGFR-TKI plus cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA may be a promising strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in LACs. Abstract Background: Acquired resistance after EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is the rule rather than the exception. Overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKIs is essential if we are to develop better therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients. Here, we examine the effector signaling pathways underlying TKI resistance and propose targets to overcome the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) to TKI. Methods: We compared the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, Akt, IL-6, Jak2, and Stat3 by EGFR-TKI-resistant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive LAC cell lines, and by LAC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs; we then evaluated links between expression and treatment responses. We also examined the therapeutic effects of NF-κB and AICDA inhibition in EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs. Results: NF-κB and AICDA were more expressed by EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs than by EGFR-TKI-sensitive LACs. EGFR-TKIs induced a dose-dependent increase in the expression of NF-κB, AICDA, and IL-6. Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the expression of AICDA, Akt, and IL-6 in EGFR-TKI-resistant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive LACs, whereas knockdown of AICDA suppressed the expression of NF-κB and Akt in both cell types. Treating EGFR-TKI-resistant LACs with an EGFR-TKI, alongside cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA, had a significant therapeutic effect. Conclusion: Treatment with an EGFR-TKI plus cosuppression of NF-κB and AICDA may be a promising strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in LACs.


We present phase-resolved spectroscopy of the Hei 1.0830-mm line in six Wolf±Rayet systems (WR 113ˆCV Ser; WR 136ˆHD 192163; WR 139ˆV444 Cyg; WR 141ˆHD 193928; WR153ˆGPCep;andWR155ˆCQCep).FiveofthesesystemsareknownWR+O binaries, with periods ranging from 1.6 d to nearly 30 d; WR 136 is only suspected of binarity. We ®nd that the Hei 1.0830-mm line pro®le varies systematically with orbital phase, in a qualitatively similar manner for all systems (except WR 136). We interpret this variability as beinga consequence of wind±wind interaction (i.e. colliding winds),andpresentresultsfromsimplemodelswhichincludetheeffectsofbinaryrotationand emission from the interaction region in a schematic manner. We ®nd that the model qualitatively explains many (though not all) characteristics of the observed variability, with the shock emission an important feature; we thereby demonstrate that variability in the Hei 1.0830-mmlineisasensitiveindicator ofwinddynamicsinthesecolliding-windsystems.


We have developed an amperometric sensor employing a photoconductive organic thin film that enables the measurement of the two-dimensional distribution of redox current on a sensor surface. The sensor simply consists of photoconductive film and transparent electrode. A focused light beam through the transparent electrode excites the photoconductive film that leads to detect local redox current at the beam position. Intensity of the redox current depends on local concentration of redox species of solution on the sensor. We investigated several materials for the photoconductive film and found a suitable structure is Cu-phthalocyanine doped polyvinylcarbazole film/indium tin oxide/glass substrate. Compared with a conventional two-dimensional chemical sensor, our newly developed sensor can be prepared by lower cost fabrication methods without complex semiconductor processes. The sensor showed a good signal dependence on the concentration of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 /K 4 Fe(CN) 6 in an aqueous solution at 15.4 nA/dec at a constant bias voltage of 0.8 V. We measured the two-dimensional distribution of ions in an agarose gel of 2 mm thickness. The result showed a photograph of the diffusion process of redox species. We also discuss the discrimination of redox species like voltammetry.


OBJECTIVE To inspect the bacteria contaminated in self-made water among hospitals in our city. METHODS Spot sampling of medical water 50ml in clinics, 1ml was taken to direct culture, and count the colony and classify the degree of contamination. RESULTS The findings showed that the hospitals with the average bacteria exceeding standard accounted for 39.3%. CONCLUSIONS The contamination of medical water is serious in our city and should be paid more attention. We suggest to establish the guideline for medical water use and sanitary standard for it.


The Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake was the latest regional tectonic activity in the upper Min River basin.The horizontal displacement of Min River channel reached 0.8±0.2 m for dextral strike slip movement of Beichuan-Yingxiu fault,and the synchronous displacement of the river terrace in the southwest side of Min River channel reaches 0.6±0.1 m.The horizontal movement of the main and tributary of Min River were caused by the strike slipping in historical earthquakes.The dextral strike-slip rate of faults was calculated according to the horizontal slip amount and initial formation time of water system.The strike-slip rate of Wenchan-Maoxian fault is 1-1.4 mm/a,the strike-slip rate of Beichuan-Yingxiu fault is 0.94mm/a,the strike-slip rate of Pengxian-Guanxian fault is 0.71 mm/a.The intensity of dextral strike slipping of main faults in the Longmen Mountain were decreased from northwest to southeast.


Anderson, Scott Wallace (MA., Geography) Sediment fluxes in a changing climate: Tahoma Creek over daily to centennial time-scales Thesis directed by Professor John Pitlick At Mt. Rainier, Washington, the intersection of climatic, glacial and volcanic processes conspire to create an extremely active landscape with the potential to respond dramatically to recent warming. In particular, perturbations to the frequency of the debris flows and floods that continually move mass from the mountain's flanks to downstream settings present a hazard to both the visitors and infrastructure of Mount Rainier National Park and downstream communities. This work focuses on Tahoma Creek, a 40 km basin on the southwest flank of Mt. Rainier. In the first chapter, we investigate fluvial transport processes occurring in the lower reaches of Tahoma Creek, below the influence of debris flows. Three aerial LiDAR datasets are used to create morphologic budgets that document channel change throughout the basin. We translate that change into estimates of bed load transport, and then present a method for interpolating a sediment rating curve for daily transport from this data. We confirm that our ability to predict sediment loads in steep streams is generally meager. Importantly, we show that, while equations generally over-predict transport at low to moderate flows, they significantly


The Zinc-air battery (ZAB) has become a hot research topic for nearly a decade due to its high energy densities. As an important category of catalysts for ZAB, perovskites have attracted extensive interests because of their environmentally friendly properties, cheapness, and excellent electrocatalytic performances. This review article discusses the mechanistic analyses regarding the progress of perovskites for ZAB. In addition, electrode manipulation methods of perovskites for battery device are also emphasized. Finally, perspectives are given on the limitations of the current perovskite catalysts for ZABs. We hope that this review will provide new clues for promoting perovskites as catalysts for many energy-storage and conversion applications in the future.


The Indonesian central government has devised a Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011 to 2025 in order to promote the country's economic growth and development in an equitable, orderly and sustained manner. Following the classification of economic corridors adopted by the MP3EI, this paper undertakes a regional competitiveness analysis to examine the patterns and trends in competitiveness across regions in Indonesia. This paper also sheds light on the extent to which regional disparities exist in the context of competitiveness and assesses how the lagging regions can improve their relative competitiveness vis-a-vis the rest of Indonesia.


At the northern part of Rotterdam, the City Region Rotterdam and the province of South Holland are creating possibilities to strengthen the economic structure of the South Wing of Randstad Holland. With the launch of the Spatial Plan Region Rotterdam 2020, efforts towards a comprehensive development of this part of the city are made. The area-oriented programme North Axis embodies these efforts and consists of both spatial developments and infrastructural developments. Rotterdam Noordrand is positioned on the interconnection of these infrastructural developments and has adopted the characteristics of a multimodal location: a location that is connected to both a road network and a public transport network. However, the spatial developments in Rotterdam Noordrand are being realised on an individual basis, avoiding the comprehensive character of the Spatial Plan Region Rotterdam 2020. A central place within the area is necessary to establish a connection between the segmented sub developments. The research that is outlined in this thesis concerns three possible central places. It identifies how these locations are influenced by the scheduled infrastructural developments. Linear Programming is used as a modelling technique to structure the complex process of urban area development and conducts a strategy for these central locations. The model is optimised for market quality, spatial quality, means and organisation, referring to the four key elements of an optimal strategy. Subsequently, the strategy is translated into programmatic elements. Due to the infrastructural influences, the optimal strategy provides the area with two central places: one in the subarea Rotterdam Airport Business Park and one in the subarea Hoog-Zestienhoven. The comprehensive development of Rotterdam Noordrand is scheduled from 2005 – 2044 and ensures synergy regarding the spatial developments and infrastructural projects.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the pharmacological basis of Yang Xue Fu Kang granules on the treatment of postpartum persistent hemorrhage METHODS:The methods such as bleeding with cutting tail,glass capillary and recalcification time were used to observe the effects of Yang Xue Fu Kang granules on the bleeding time and the clotting time of animals RESULTS:For the mice suffering from experimental deficiency of both qi and blood in Chinese medicine,Yang Xue Fu Kang granules obviously reduced both the bleeding time of tail wounds and the clotting time tested with glass capillary Also the drug reduced the bleeding time of tail wound in normal rats and clotting time(recalcification time)in normal rabbits CONCLUSION:Among the mechanisms of Yang Xue Fu Kang granules on treating postpartum persistent hemorrhage,promoting coagulation function and enhancing stypticity possess some positions


The concept of entrainment is discussed, and the knowledge that has been acquired about entraining turbulence in clear air is surveyed. Attention is then given to observations and models of stratocumulus entrainment, which show some of the ways in which cloudiness modifies the entrainment process. Entraining cumuli are also considered, with some of the differences between cumulus entrainment and stratocumulus entrainment noted. Emphasis is placed on the dynamical aspects of entrainment; its effects on droplet spectra and other microphysical aspects are mentioned only briefly.


The ability to co-process different materials at the same time in a thermal process opens the possibility of scalable fabrication of volumetric multimaterial and multifunctional devices with operation spanning from the UV to the microwave. Combining optical, mechanical and electronic properties of dielectrics (such as glass and polymers) and metals enables a plethora of applications in radiation manipulation. In this presentation I will discuss the process and the challenges of fiber drawing novel materials and material combinations such as: elastic polymers, biocompatible polymers, arsenic free soft-glasses and combinations of metal-dielectric structures. After discussing the process behind the realization of the novel fibers, I will show some very diverse uses of these exotic materials. I will report on our latest results on flexible fibers in generation of orbital angular momentum, realization of tunable metamaterials and wearable sensors, and I will present some applications of fiber drawn metamaterials for THz radiation.


Sun Zhong-shan was a great revolutionary pioneer of our country.In order to realize his revolutionary ideal,he posed a propose on the construction of material and spiritual civilization,and expounded their relations.Although his propose on two-civil-construction couldn't be put into practice in a systematic way because of all kinds reasons,there is much sense that we can make use of for the construction of socialist material,spiritual and political civilization.


Health impact assessment (HIA) has been seen as a promising tool for integrating health considerations into other policies. Both the scientific community and international expert bodies (eg, World Health Organization) in the field of public health have advocated its implementation given the promising findings of its usefulness. However, ensuring that it is systematically implemented in routine daily decision making has been especially difficult, especially at the local level (see eg, Nilunger Mannheimer et al ,1 Wismar et al ,2 Collins and Koplan,3 and Metcalfe and Higgins4). Undoubtedly, one reason for the difficulties in implementing and institutionalising HIA is the vast number of competing impact assessments—for example environmental, social, economic, business, sex, sustainability, human rights and child. All these are expected to be implemented by officials preparing proposals for decision makers. As a solution, in the context of the European Union, an integrated EC Impact Assessment was presented in 2002 as a comprehensive assessment procedure, only 1 year after the Directorate General for Health …


This paper proposes an analytical model that considers the torque characteristics and results in an optimum geometry for dual-stator synchronous machines with permanent magnets. The distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap is obtained by solving Neumann's problem by using Green's function. The results of the study shows that the dual-stator topology of synchronous machine with permanent magnets can achieve up to 1.7 times more torque when compared to conventional machine with radially magnetized magnets. This effect is achieved due to more efficient using of the volume of the machine. The analytical model presented in the paper allows fast but accurate optimization of the machine's geometry and is used to achieve an optimal design for the considered application.


In the present paper, we consider 2 integral transforms involving the Appell function F 3 in the kernels. They generalize the fractional integral operators given by Saigo (1978). Formulas for compositions of such generalized fractional integrals with the product of the -function and a general class of polynomials are proved. The results are established in terms of -function due to Inayat-Hussain (1987(a), 1987(b)). The obtained results of this paper provide an extension of the results given by the literature. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014.57


This study aims to investigate how critical peer feedback improves the quality of
peer feedback and Business English Writing. Based on the theoretical framework of
Sociocultural Theory and Zone of Proximal Development, "Critical Peer Feedback"
is defined by the concepts of "critical thinking" and "peer feedback". The mechanism
of critical peer feedback is explored by participants' perceptions, process, contents,
and factors of critical peer feedback. This study is conducted in the environment of
online Qzone weblog. The online features of Qzone weblog are studied to explore
how they affect critical peer feedback to improve Business English Writing. A
qualitative case study is conducted in this study with a group of six participants of
Chinese undergraduates for one semester duration. Three types of data are collected
including semi-structured interviews, Business English Writing assignments, and
artifacts of critical peer feedback. The data are analyzed by QSR NVivo 8.0 with the
content and thematic analyses. The codes are quoted at descriptions, and the nodes
and models are illustrated with visualization in findings. The findings reveal that
"critical peer feedback" improves the quality of peer feedback, and the quality of
Business English Writing among Chinese undergraduates. The participants prefer
Revised Bloom's Taxonomy of critical thinking skills for critical peer feedback.
Critical peer feedback follows a four-step mental process in Business English
Writing. The eight issues in critical peer feedback are perceived in this study. Qzone
weblog is believed to be a reasonable information and communication technology
(ICT) platform for critical peer feedback, and the most popular weblog among


Objective:To explore the expressions of Oct4 and CathepsinB in human cerebral gliomas and their relationship to prognosis of glioma patients,and demonstrate the significance of Oct4 in the formation of glioma and relationship with cancer stem cells.Methods: The expressions of Oct4 and CathepsinB in 51 cases of human glioma tissues and 8 cases of normal brain tissues were determined by immunohistochemical S-P technique.Results: The positive expression rates of Oct4 and CathepsinB in human gliomas of gradesⅠ-Ⅱwere significantly higher than those in normal brain tissue(P0.05),and significantly lower than those in human gliomas of gradesⅢ-Ⅳ(P0.05).The expression of Oct4 was a considerable factor in survival univariate analysis.Conclusion: Oct4 is over expressed in malignant glioma,especially in glioblastoma tissues,and may involve in the progression and invasion of glioma.It can be regarded a useful marker for judging the malignant phenotype of glioma.Moreover,expression of Oct4 can provide useful prognostic information.It may be implicated in the activation of CathepsinB and facilitate invasion of human glioma directly or indirectly.


A comprehensive study of nodal anatomy of the Cunoniaceae has revealed an unusually diverse assemblage of nodal types, including patterns with "split-lateral" traces previously undescribed for dicotyledons. On the basis of leaf arrangement and nodal vascularization, six distinct nodal conditions are recognized in the family. The trilacunar, three-trace pattern is the ancestral type from which the multilacunar condition evolved by amplification in the number of lateral traces. The "split-lateral" condition, distinguished by the fusion of lateral leaf traces of adjacent leaves, or the bifurcation of a single trace, and their association with a "common gap," probably evolved concomitant with the transition from opposite to whorled leaves. The characteristic interpetiolar stipules of the Cunoniaceae are vascularized by veins originating from lateral leaf traces, or by a combination of complete lateral traces and veins arising from lateral leaf traces. Both Aphanopetalum and Bauera possess unilacunar one-trace nodes. The most satisfactory family placement of both genera remains uncertain, although the unilacunar nodes of Bauera can reasonably be interpreted as a case of reduction from the trilacunar pattern in response to reduced plant size.


Current research on cultural behaviors and underlying cognitive and linguistic competences in early hominids is a highly interdisciplinary enterprise. Archaeological interpretation is complicated considerably not only by the fact that the cognitive make-up of these hominids was different from that of extant humans, but also by theoretical divergences between as well as within relevant disciplines. The present article takes stock of the conceptual issues that arise here. More specifically it shows how such problems were coped with in the context of a recent interdisciplinary research project on palaeolithic hominids, and suggests a line of approach which is inspired by both a German tradition of Grundlagenforschung and Hilary Putnam's internal realism.


The limiting amino acids of rumen microbial proteins were determined with rats using the plasma amino acid score method. Results showed that for rumen protozoal protein, histidine was the first limiting amino acid; cystine was the first limiting amino acid for rumen bacterial protein. Recent work in our laboratory (8, 19) has dealt with the effect of dietary factors on plasma amino acid levels in ruminants, and Purser et al. (19) have suggested a method for limiting amino acid determinations, using essentially a modification of the plasma amino acid score method of McLaughlan (12). Apply ing this method, Klopfenstein et al. (8) suggested that in defaunated shetp lysine was the limiting amino acid of the composite protein reaching the lower gut, whereas in faunated sheep no single essential amino acid was found to be consistently limiting• Feeding trials (5, 6, 9-11) or amino acid analysis of abomasal hydrolysates (17) have suggested that methionine or lysine may be the limiting amino acids of the composite protein reaching the lower gut of ruminants; however, these data can not be interpreted unequivocally, since the feeding trial data could not establish an effect of amino acid supplementation per se and i t is well realized that amino acid compositions of proteins are not necessarily indicative of amino acid availability (4). While i t is realized that the protein presented to the ruminant for digestion may not be solely of microbial origin, i t was considered desirable to determine the limiting amino acids of rumen microbial protein using the McLaughlan score method (12) to facilitate interpretation of the data obtained with ruminant animals. Experimental Procedure Six rumen-fistulated sheep (average body weight 42 kg) were fed a basal ration containing 44% alfalfa meal, 39.2% ground shelled corn, 5% ground corn cobs, 5% molasses, 4.8% cura-phosphate, limestone, trace-mineral salt mixture, and 2% urea twice daily at 7% of their metabolic body weight ( B W ~ ) . Rumen contents were collected from each sheep 4 hr after the morning feed, combined and squeezed through two layers of cheese cloth. The fluid portion was diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) and incubated for 1 hr at 39 C in Bunsen valve-equipped separatory funnels. The feed-residue-free, lower fluid portion and the settled large protozoa were subsequently withdrawn from the separatory funnels, mixed well, and the rumen protozoa and bacteria isolated by differential centrifugation. The protozoa were removed af ter centri_fugation at 150 × g for 10 rain; the 150 × g supernatant was recentrifuged at 20,000 × g for 10 rain to remove bacteria. The microbial preparat ions were then spread on a glass plate, dried in a forced-air oven at 39 C, collected, and finally stored at 4 C. The rumen contents were collected two or three times weekly over a period of several months till about 450 g of dry rumen protozoa and 400 g of dry rumen bacteria had been collected. The plasma amino acid score (PAA-S) method of McLaughlan (12) and the restricted feeding regimen of rats with 10% protein rations of McLaughlan et al. (13) were used to determine limiting amino acids of the rumen microbial protein sources. Blood samples were drawn from the rats by heart puncture and plasma amino acids (PAA) determined as described by Purser et al. (,19). To compare the rumen microbial preparations to those fed previously to rats (14, 15) the biological values of these rumen microbial preparations were determined according to the ThomasMitchell procedure. Nitrogen analyses were done according to the Kjeldahl procedure, crude fiber anMysis according to conventional proximate analysis methods (1), and the amino acid compositions of the microbial preparat ions analyzed as described (2). Results and Discussion Microscopic and chemical examination (crude fiber determination) indicated that the two microbial preparat ions were practically devoid of feed or plant material contamination. The crude fiber content was 1.5 and 0.7% for the rumen protozoal and bacterial preparations, respectively. Assuming that at 4 hr post-feeding the crude fiber represented about 60% of the residual feed contamination, and the rest of the residual feed contamination represented purely protein, only 0.8 and 0.4%, respectively, of the protein in the protozoal and bacterial preparations were of nonmicrobial origin. Table 1 lists the bulk amino acid compositions of the two rumen microbial preparations. These data are similar to those reported previously (18), but threonine, methionine, and leucine were somewhat higher and lysine somewhat lower in the bacterial preparation. In the protozoal preparat ion threonine was higher and valine and lysine were somewhat lower than previously indicated. Most of the differences between the 1 Supported in part by NIH Training Grant TIES17 and Eli Lilly and Company.


The existing decision problems in the early warning management were discussed using decision theory. The effectiveness of early warning and the accuracy improvement of the early warning signal output practice were investigated.From the level of preventing missing alarming and false alarming,the connotation of early warning decision was defined and warning decision model was designed.And the decision object which needs to be focused on in the warning decision model operation was analyzed.It was pointed out that the choice of decisions implement,restructure of the index system and threshold value definition were the main works of early warning decision-making model.It provided novel research field in the air traffic control in the early warning management theory.


Williams syndrome occurs with a frequency of 1 in 20,000. Clinical features of this syndrome include short stature, mental handicap, cardiac malformatons and a characteristic facies. Many patients are sporadic but autosomal dominant inheritance ia apparent in some families. Moreover, in many patients, chromosomal abnormalities are present. Williams syndrome belongs to a group of microdeletion syndromes meaning that in the vast majority of cases, the deletion is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and it is visible on chromosomes only using molecular cytogenetic. In this study, we wanted to show that the deletion is visible by routine chromosome analysis in a significative number of cases. For this study, we have reviewed and reanalysed our cases of Williams syndrome by R-bands routine cytogenetic technique and proved by fluorescent in situ hybridyzation. The data obtained in this study showed 25% of cytogenetic deletion with R-bands routine cytogenetic analysis. We know that all cases with a microdeletion are put in evidence with in situ hybridyzation with Elastine probe located in chromosome 7q11.2, the region of Williams syndrome. We compare our cytogenetic results with other centres in Quebec working with G-bands cytogenetic routine analysis, they never see the deletion with their cytogenetic routine analysis. We can conclude that the use of R-bands is probably helpful revealing a chromosomal deletion in some cases of Williams syndrome. Up now, these patients do not show a different phenotype or behavior when they are compared with those ones they do not have the chromosomal deletion.


Most financial statement analyses focus on firms belonging to industries that either contribute significantly to economic figures or posit in a highly competitive business environment. The objective of this paper is an analysis done to see the extent to which a company has implemented using rules financial performance is good and right. This study investigates performance of commercial banking sector for the period of April- 2011 to March -2014. Financial statements of Axis bank, ICICI bank, Federal bank and HDFC bank for the indicated periods were obtained from database such as CMIE, Prowess, money control and yahoo finance . Necessary information derived from these financial statements were summarized and used to compute the financial ratios for the four-year period. Financial ratios are tools used to measure the profitability, liquidity and solvency performance of four major Indian commercial banks. This research is to analyze the financial statements of these banks using liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, and market value ratios. For liquidity, the following ratios were used: current ratio, quick or acid-test ratio. For activity, Inventory turnover ratio, debtor turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratios were used. For leverage, the following ratios were used i.e. debt ratio, equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio. For profitability, profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, return on shareholder's equity, and earnings per share were used. For market value, price-earnings ratio and earning par share ratios were used. Keywords : Current Ratio, Acid ratio, Quick ratio, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Shareholder's Equity (RONW), Earning per share (EPS).


Lithium-ion battery (LIB) mainly used for handy electronic devices are extended to applications such as electric vehicles. High performance negative electrode materials for LIB were investigated using electrodeposition of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the nanostructured carbon. SiNPs with 30 nm diameters were evenly prepared on the graphitic carbon nanofiber film using electrodeposition process at room temperature. It was observed that the SiNPs were homogeneously embedded into not only external surface but bottom part of the carbon fiber network. The graphitic carbon nanofiber covered with SiNPs enables facile electron transport owing to the network structure and improves structural collapse during cycling. This facile room temperature process is expected to be applicable to other active materials such as Ge and Sn for the anode of LIB. Abstract #946, Honolulu PRiME 2012, © 2012 The Electrochemical Society


A capillary GC method employing an internal standard has been developed and successfully used for quantitative determination both of the raw materials used for the manufacture of m-phenoxybenzaldehyde and for the components of the reaction mixtures obtained at various stages of the development of the process. A complete analysis can be performed in a single temperature programmed run.


Some countermeasures and suggestions on ur ban forestry development are put forward aiming at the problems existing in the urban forestry and ecological environment const ruction in yan'an city,which provide doable guidance in theory as well as the basis for deci sion making for the construction of improving urban ecological environment.With these me asures,such a modernized city will appear which hold ecological civilization,material civiliz ation and spiritual civilization with reasonable structures,efficient functions and harmonious relationships.


The concept of loss separation is physically assessed and solidly validated by the Statistical Theory of Losses (STL) [1], which provides complete and accurate description of the frequency dependence of the energy losses in magnetic steel sheets under both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal flux.


Gun violence remains a serious threat to public safety throughout the United States. Numerous federal and local agencies have taken a variety of steps in an attempt to deal with this perennial problem. One of the most common tactics has been the development of task forces between local agencies and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). This is the approach that the Virginia Beach Police Department took until recently. In April 2008, however, the department disbanded its task force and developed its own internal unit tasked with the investigation of firearms-related crimes called the Gun Trace Unit. This article details the new unit's mission, how it functions, and what advantages it has over the previously instituted task force approach. The Gun Trace Unit has been a successful innovation in Virginia Beach and may serve as a useful model for other jurisdictions.


The purpose of this article is to analyze some elements of the Trinitarian language in Novatian's thought (200), his contributions and his gaps that demonstrate the lack of language on the Trinitarian mystery in the environment in which it was, and his search in order to give an answer about the heresies that swarmed around him. This is concerned to a metaphoric and poetic language to express what he calls inexplicable when they discuss about the divine transcendence. It is intend to check the use of concepts Christological and pneumatological by developing the semantics in the Trinitarian mystery, which is in his work De Trinitate, demonstrating the influence of Tertullian (155), and the relevance of his theology of the Trinity for the development of language referring to the mystery of God in the Western world.


Since 1938 Wallaces' Farmer and Iowa Homestead has been polling Iowa farm people to discover farm attitudes on questions of current interest and to find out what subscribers were reading or not reading. An analysis of the benefits of this editorial research is presented by the long-time editor of the paper.


The Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University (CNS-ASU) is a Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF). It implements an agenda of "real-time technology assessment" (RTTA) in pursuit of a strategic vision of the "anticipatory governance" of nanotechnologies. To achieve this vision, CNS-ASU unifies research programs not only across several universities but also across three critical, component activities: foresight (of plausible future scenarios), integration (of social science and humanities research with nano-scale science and engineering), and engagement (of publics in deliberations). CNS-ASU also performs educational and training activities as well as public outreach and informal science education. This paper elaborates the Center's strategic vision of anticipatory governance and its component activities, especially in the context of extending the concerns of societal dimensions research beyond the traditional risk paradigm.


Over the last decade, thanks to technology developments and economies of scale, the photovoltaic (PV) industry has been booming with growth rates well in excess of 30% per year and the PV system cost is continuously reduced by approximately 20% each time the cumulative production doubled [1–3]. In spite of the high growth rate and the lower price, the PV industry is still dependent on subsidies in the major markets of the world, which is highly affected by government policies [3]. In order to further develop the PV market and attract more industrial companies, costs should be further reduced and solar cell efficiencies should be enhanced, in order to overcome grid parity [4]. Among all the PV techniques, III–V-based solar cells are the most successful technique for achieving the highest PV conversion efficiencies, mainly attributed to their unique characteristics such as high crystallinity and strong optical absorption. In particular, multijunction (MJ) III–V-based solar cells make the best use of the broadband solar spectrum by utilizing multiple optically and electrically coupled subcells with different bandgaps, and their performance is steadily improved by absolute ∼1% efficiency increase per year, with the recent record efficiency reaching 46% [1] (https://www.nrel.gov/pv/). III–V solar cell structures are conventionally grown on thick single crystalline semiconductor substrates, which significantly inhibit the mechanical flexibility of the solar cells and limit their specific power per weight [5]. Recently developed thin-film III–V solar cells based on flexible substrates represent an attractive class of PV devices in terms of their high performance, light weight, and the ease of heterogeneous integration with other systems such as wearable, portable, and deployable devices [6–8]. Nowadays, thin-film, high-efficiency III–V solar cells on flexible substrates have attracted enormous interest in applications such as terrestrial and space solar energy harvest, power supplies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and healthcare systems [9–12].


Rebel attributions are less valued than allegiant ones when it comes to explain one's failure. Nevertheless, rebels can be sometimes positively viewed and even celebrated. We examined the role of inter-group dynamics at stake in the social judgement of such attribution types. 75 males and 75 females judged a male or a female target using allegiant vs. rebel attributions for a negative professional event. We hypothesized and found that high-status members judged the rebel targets less efficacious and less likable than the allegiant target, only when the target was from the in-group. Low-status members judged the in-group target as more efficacious than the out-group target, but judged the rebel target as less likable than the allegiant target. These findings contribute to better understand the intergroup processes underlying the social judgement of rebel attributions, and more broadly the differences in social judgement between attribution types.


Objective To study the properties of K(superscript +)-ion channel of rat parietal cells, and to approach its effects on physiological and pathological process. Method Parietal cells were isolated. Electrophysiological records of K(superscript +)-ion channels were made through whole cell's patch clamp technique, and the properties of the channels were analyzed. Results 10mM tetraethylammonium chloride may partially block the outwardly depolarized K(superscript +)-ion channel current. While 10mM tetraethylammonium acetate, 10mM barium chloride or 10mM barium acetate may increases the outwardly depolarized K(superscript +) ion channel current. Conclusion The whole cell K(superscript +)-ion channel current of rat parietal cells showed voltage sensitive. The current voltage relations of whole cell potassium channels of rat parietal cells are both outwardly and inwardly rectified.


To demonstrate image quality and sensor's performance for target detection before the satellite launched, it is necessary to establish an end-to-end model that express the detection probability in terms of atmosphere effects, the sensor, and optical scattering properties of target. It is difficult to develop an accurate 3D radiation transfer model for scene including complex target, especially for large scale scene. It is beneficial to process separately the target and large scale background. Radiance from sea background can be solved exactly with atmospheric-ocean coupling radiation transfer model. However for ship target, it is only but sufficient to using the sample model. In the model the illuminated light is separate into direct sunlight and sky light, and the sensor received radiance is radiance scatted from target and attenuated by atmosphere. High spatial/spectral resolution image simulated with Monte Carlo ray tracing method is used as input for modeling space-borne imagery, which is economic for demonstrating sensor's performance at different conditions and multiple scattering can also be considered. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is introduced to characterize the light scattering model of the ship sample material.


Since April 2005, the VGB Working Group for "Chemistry of Water Treatment" have been developing a new technical guideline that covers the approaches and techniques for condensate polishing. The guideline describes the requirements for condensate polishing for conventional fossil-fired power plants. Condensate polishing for Cogeneration power plant, in which the condensate may contain contaminants from industrial processes, is not covered by this guideline. The following paper presents extracts from this draft guideline.


The focus of the following essay is the examination a phenomenon of death in the context of the metaphysical problem of the border. Death as an existential phenomenon is interpreted through the phenomenological reading of the universal qualities of the border. The most important of them are: to separate any thing from the Whole, to connect it with the Whole as its part, to ensure internal integrity and completeness of the every thing. One of the main thesis of the article is centered on the idea that death belongs neither to the world of dead nor to the world of alive completely, like a border does not belong to the objects that it divides.


The rock mass can be assumed to be homogeneous material from the macroscopic view, but it is a heterogeneous material at a mesoscopic scale and its physico-mechanical properties are discontinuous in space. Therefore, it is necessary to research the generation and development of pre-peak micro cracks in rocks and frictional characteristics between post-peak mineral particles from macro-meso and multi-scale perspectives to know the substantive characteristics of rock failure and instability. This paper, based on the manifold cover concept, proposes a new discrete element numerical method (i.e. Manifold Particle Discrete) combining with the particle contact model, so as to introduce the concept of stress boundary. This method can be applied to the entire process of analyzing rock failure. By analyzing the manifold cover and ball particle model, this paper constitutes the ball unit cover function of three-dimensional manifold cover, establishes tetrahedron units, obtains the equilibrium equation and compatible equation of the MPD model. It also verifies the accuracy of the proposed numerical method and the feasibility of rock failure analysis through numerical examples.


Previously proposed phylogenetic hypotheses for the family Penaeidae based on morphological characters receive little. Molecular data, which are less affected by environmental factors and can distinguish homology from analogy, are an additional data set in phylogenetic reconstruction. Although morphological and molecular characters evolve independently. Molecular phylogenetic studies have been conducted encompassing all the common and a few rare penaeid genera aiming at elucidating phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships at the generic (15 genera) and family level. Of 14 loci scored, the phylogenetic relationships by cluster analysis largely agree with the phylogenetic hypothesis of 3 tribes. The commonly adopted evolutionary polarity of the family from Penaeus to Trachypenaeus was also confirmed.


Indonesia has variety of social and cultural backgrounds which become the strength of the nation.nThis pluralism should be acknowledged and developed harmoniously. This article discusses hownnon-formal education should play its role in transforming the pluralism value to the Indonesiannpeople, specifically how to conduct learning process based on the social and cultural pluralism.


The winter maintenance of streets and roads in town planning areas was investigated in winter 1984-85, covering 15 municipalities in various parts of the country. The results for snow removal showed clearly that the quality standard classification prepared by the central organisations of Finnish municipalities was not followed. All streets were kept approximately in similar condition. The condition of less trafficked streets clearly exceeded recommendations. For example, on a residential street of the 3rd category a saving of 33% was achieved in snow removal costs when the recommendations were observed and the area was compared to an adjacent area kept up according to earlier practice. (TRRL)


In this study of the epistemological underpinnnigs of cultural changes in the French enlightenement, the author shows how many of the cultural changes brought about by Eighteenth century French thinkers arose from the different forms of knowledge and experiences they pursued. The various chapters illustrate the rich interdisciplinarity of the period's thinking, which is unified by a central concern with the mind, and discuss important Enlightenment developments in aesthetics, historiography, metaphysics, anthropology, langugage and literature, political theory and medicine.


The editorial team of Acta IMEKO encourages authors to follow the instructions as described in this template file to produce their manuscript. The abstract should be composed in a way suitable for publication in the abstract section of electronic journals, and should state concisely what it is written in the paper. Important items are the aim of the research, the basic method and the major achievement (also numerically, when applicable). The length should not exceed 200 words.