The surf clam Paphia undulata has supported an offshore fishery in Thailand since the 1970s. However, most fishing sites have experienced declines in production over the past 2 decades. Overexploitation and low levels of genetic variation of surf clam populations may be responsible for the low productivity of the species. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of surf clams sampled from 4 fishing areas in the Gulf of Thailand and 1 location in the Andaman Sea. In total, 300 ISSR loci were analyzed in 500 individuals. Three neighboring populations (SG, SS, and SP) in the upper Gulf of Thailand exhibited moderate genetic variation and similar Nei's gene diversity (H(subscript j)) values of 0.12-0.14, while populations from the lower Gulf of Thailand (SR) and the Andaman Sea (ST) had relatively low genetic variability with respective H(subscript j) values of 0.053 and 0.047. Different analyses, including F(subscript ST), AMOVA, phylogenetic networks, and an assignment test revealed high levels of population substructuring, implying that gene flow may occur between stocks in the upper Gulf of Thailand, whereas the SR and ST populations were more geographically isolated. The relatively low amount of genetic diversity of the SR and ST stocks may reduce their ability to survive in a changing environment. Reductions of fishing efforts, and initiation of restocking programs and aquaculture development of this species should be considered to maintain the sustainability of the surf clam fishery.


Sixty-nine Puccinia triticina isolates from the eastern region of Ontario and Quebec, the prairie region of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and Alberta were tested for virulence to 22 near-isogenic Thatcher wheat lines in seedling tests and the Thatcher line with Lr22b in adult plant tests. The isolates were also tested for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) using 10 specific amplification primer pairs. Thirty-seven distinct virulence phenotypes were identified using the Thatcher lines and 69 molecular phenotypes were identified with 164 AFLP markers. The correla- tion of isolate grouping based on virulence phenotypes and AFLP phenotypes was 0.53. Almost all isolates from Mani- toba and Saskatchewan with virulence to Lr17 had AFLP phenotypes that differed significantly from isolates in the same region that were avirulent to Lr17. This indicated that isolates with virulence to Lr17 are most likely a recent in- troduction to the prairie region. The presence of distinct groups of isolates based on virulence and AFLP variation pro - vides evidence that a number of different P. triticina phenotypes have been introduced to North America.


This paper introduces the technology of ASP/ADO with the IIS of Windows NT server,and it discusses working mechanism and concrete realizing method of visiting Web database.


Using the mixed space representation (t,p{yields}) in the context of scalar field theories, we prove in a simple manner that the Feynman graphs at finite temperature are related to the corresponding zero temperature diagrams through a simple thermal operator, both in the imaginary time as well as in the real time formalisms. This result is generalized to the case when there is a nontrivial chemical potential present. Several interesting properties of the thermal operator are also discussed.


There are different expression on the specified post welded heat treatment thickness of mild steel and Q345R steel in accordance with the domestic current deaerator standards of power station,such as "Technical Safe Regulations for Pressurized Deaerator in Power Plant"."The Codes of Welding Technology for Power Plant","Specifications for Boiler Deaerator" etc..It means that there is no clear limit on deaerator heat treatment standard in china which brings us perplexed.To promote progress of science and technology of boiler and pressure vessel,enhancing the design and manufacturing levels of deaerator,a suggestion of timely performance to unify and revise a standard has been put forward in the paper.


The extremely dry nature of the Venus upper atmosphere appears to demand the presence of an efficient desiccating agent as the chief constituent of the clouds of Venus. On the basis of polarization measures it is to be expected that this substance is present as spherical droplets, 1 to 2 microns in diameter, with a refractive index n of 1.46 plus or minus 0.02 at 3500A in the observed region of the atmosphere, with T about equal to 235 K. This substance must have ultraviolet, visible, and infrared reflection properties not inconsistent with the observed spectrum of Venus. Sulfuric acid, of about 86% by weight composition, roughly fulfills the first of these properties. The visible and ultraviolet transmission features of a thin layer of elemental bromine and hydrobromic acid dissolved in sulfuric acid somewhat resemble the Venus spectrum, up to 14 microns. The chemical process postulated for forming sulfuric acid involves the oxidation of sulfur and its compounds to sulfuric acid through the agency of elemental bromine produced by the photolytic decomposition of hydrogen bromide.


Oaks are important forest-forming species in Poland. It is an important species from an economic perspective in Polish forestry. Oak is characterized by high tolerance in terms of soil requirements, which include soil formations from sandy to clayey with a reaction from acidic to indifferent, sometimes even alkaline in pedunculate oak. It is sensitive to late frosts. In recent years, climate change has been observed in Europe and also in Poland. Abiotic stresses caused by unfavourable weather conditions have worsened the health of oak trees, on which other pathogens, primarily fungi, have become established. The research was carried out at two sites in the Oława Forest District in Bystrzyca in 2022. They consisted in collecting 10 representative shoots from each research area, which were then used to isolate fungal species in the laboratory. The results of the experiment confirm that co-occurring species can be observed with the presence of powdery mildew. Oak shoots are colonised by both pathogenic and saprotrophic fungal species. The high occurrence of pathogenic fungi species along with powdery mildew on oak shoots can be associated with the deterioration of the phytosarcoma condition of oaks, however, in order to be able to state this unequivocally, research on this phenomenon should be focused on in the future.

https://www.journalssystem.com/amy/pdf-166060-92328?filename=Fungi complicit in oak.pdf


We present an all-fiber-based method for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes by using photonic lanterns in an adaptive-spatial mode control system. The device consists of a phase control part, a photonic lantern and a mode decomposition part. The use of photonic lanterns as adiabatic mode converters has been elaborated upon mathematically. To lock the desired OAM mode, the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is used to control the phase modulators. The purities of the generated OAM modes with different topological charge are higher than 90% at 1550 nm, which has immediate utility for free-space propagation systems, and the superposition of different OAM modes at a specific ratio can be obtained to meet the requirements of mode multiplexing in optical fiber communication systems.


Using the data of World Values Survey concerning China from 1991 to 2007,we adopt Ordered Probit Model to examine the influence of insurance development on the subjective well- being of Chinese residents. The empirical analysis finds that: Whether in property insurance or life insurance industry,there is prominent relationship between insurance development and national happiness in China: For property insurance,the national happiness is positively related to insurance density,but to payment the relationship is not prominent. While for life insurance,the national happiness is positively related to both insurance density and payment per capita.


Vascular or lymphatic malformation can present as a diffuse tongue mass, suggested by a bluish hue or overlying vesicles. Tuberculosis, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, and idiopathic muscular hypertrophy manifest clinically as macroglossia, for which the diagnosis is aided by the medical history and other physical signs. Moreover, the nodular appearance of the macroglossia suggests other pathologies, such as granular sell tumour, neurogenic tumour, lipoma, fibroma, minor salivary gland tumour, and amyloidosis. Imaging might not be able to discriminate among these lesions and definite diagnosis often required biopsy.


PURPOSE: To provide a polyisocyanate preparation for use in an aq. adhesive which satisfies required adhesion and heat resistance for a good connecting part. CONSTITUTION: This is a polyisocyanate preparation having 2.0-3.5 average NCO functionality and dispersible in water, which contains (a) an uretdione diisocyanate based on 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and/or 1-isocyanato-3,3,5- trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane, and/or bis-(6-isocyanatohexyl) oxadiazinetrion, and they may be blended with the other aliphatic polyisocyanate, and it contains (b) a quantity of an emulsifier sufficient to ensure the dispersability of the polyisocyanate, and the emulsifier is a reaction product of a mono or multi valent nonionic polyalkylene ether alcohol having at least one polyether chain having at least 10 ethylene oxide units and an aliphatic polyisocyanate. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Based on the key joint in the roof structure of Zhengzhou Exhibition Center,static behavior of mul- tiplanar cast steel joints is discussed in this paper.A full-scale experiment on a large cast steel joint was car- ried out and a self-balance loading device is designed to apply loads on the joint.Stresses at some important positions were measured.Stress distributions in the whole joint were analyzed using finite element method. Thereby the joint strength is evaluated to ensure the safety of the joint used in the engineering.Furthermore,a few suggestions are put forward on the fabrication quality of the cast steel joint in the paper.


1. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Modern Govt. Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Govt. Medical College, Siddipet 3. Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad Corresponding Author: A.Swarupa Rani ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 27-06-2019 Date of acceptance: 13-07-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


This article is based on planning function study, into the conbination signifucance under- standing suitably changed some constraint conditions, but to obtain some other combination questions to count the formula.


To address increasing calls from stakeholders of all types, companies need to infuse social and environmental responsibility into their missions and strategies. More commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR), these actions help an organization ensure a more balanced approach toward meeting the needs of all stakeholders. Higher education institutions have an important role to play when preparing future business leaders to face unprecedented challenges in a new global business environment. An effective approach for teaching CSR to business students consists of five parts: (a) examining ethical models to clarify the relationship between an organization and its stakeholders; (b) creating a sense of urgency regarding the impacts of business on society and the environment; (c) identifying and managing stakeholders; (d) implementing triple bottom-line (TBL) leadership; and (e) infusing CSR directly into an organization's strategy at the time that it is drafted to ensure that all operational and tactical actions are driven from a plan that has CSR at its core. Corporate Social Responsibility Sustainable development and corporate social responsibility remain important issues both in business and in the education of future business leaders. To address many of the pressing environmental and social problems attributed to a traditional singular focus on corporate profits, businesses today must consider the needs of their stakeholders. In the developed western world, this expanded focus is leading to an increasing number of programs at the corporate and governmental levels to foster environmentally and socially responsible leadership. It is also leading to an increasing number of business schools and, specifically, MBA programs that are teaching students the importance of integrating sustainability and corporate social responsibility directly into an organization's strategy. It is clear that, in western developed nations, the economic benefits of responsible business are driving a slow and steady change in perspectives and behavior among established and future leaders (Weybrecht, 2010). However, the rest of the world may be addressing the issue of CSR, from both a business and education perspective, at a pace that differs from the developed west. This chapter will present an approach for teaching CSR in business programs from a strategic perspective that also respects cultural differences in attitudes.


The developing method of framework in Automatic Test System(ATS) can improve software reusability and efficiency,but it needs much more domain-specific knowledge.In order to provide ATS domain-specific knowledge,this work focused on the characteristics of ATS.Unified Modeling Language(UML) is an important modeling tool in software-dense products,we introduce UML into ATS modeling process in this paper.Based on UML's extensibility mechanisms,domain-specific knowledge in ATS is provided by means of UML.Finally,it is illustrated in this paper that an effective modeling for ATS developing platform expresses domain-specific knowledge to ATS clearly and it provides knowledge warranties for ATS to form an object-oriented framework.


In the tourism industry, environmental management is a critical component for sustaining competitive advantage (Barrett, 1992), starting to recognize environmental improvement as an economic and competitive opportunity, rather than an annoying cost or inevitable threat. Unfortunately, there has been no consistent approach to environmental marketing practices in tourism. Some destinations neglect their environmental obligations, perhaps due to lack of guidelines and examples of best practice, or perhaps because they don't understand the benefits. Others exploit environmental communication for short-term gains, or fail to tell visitors about their environmental initiatives (Wight, 1994). A field survey was conducted based on qualitative approach, in order to investigate tourism and ecological experts 'opinions about specific environmental issues helping in applying responsible marketing for fragile areas. The purpose of the study is to highlight the complex relationship between tourism marketing and the environment protection responsibility and recommending environmentally responsible actions to Egyptian travel companies selling eco holidays, thus helping in the development of sustainable competitive strategies. Corresponding author: Dalia F. Amara Email address for corresponding author: email@example.com First submission received: 20th February 2017 Revised submission received: 14th April 2017 Accepted: 12th May 2017 1Introduction The principle of sustainable tourism emphasizes the critical importance of environmental stewardship particularly for those destinations in fragile ecosystems areas (United Nations,1993). Similarly, the existing literature on competitiveness suggests that to be competitive, a destination must be sustainable from an environmental perspective (Ritchie and McIntosh, 2000). Yet, if environmental improvement is to provide a competitive opportunity there must be consideration of responsible marketing, defined as the balancing of environmental initiatives and environmental communication in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Responsibility is a keyword in sustainable marketing. The principal ingredient of responsible marketing is not to incite consumers to consume less but to consume better. It is often perceived as the engine to the ethical modes of consumption in society (Sloan., et al. 2009). Many tourism destinations may experience strong growth, but a challenge to this growth has appeared in the form of increased environmental awareness and opposition to such tourist activities by environmentalists. Some have raised concerns about the negative environmental impacts on natural and wildlife, about waste and visual pollution, noise pollution from tourist vehicles and activities, and compaction of solid causing increased surface run-off and erosion, change in risk of occurrence of landslips/slides in addition to damage to geological features (Hunter and Green, 1995). Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 11 Issue 4 July 2017 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 185 Williams (1998) explains tourism-environment relationship as one in which tourism benefits from being in a good quality environment and this same environment should benefit from measures aimed at protecting and maintaining its value as a tourist resource. 2Saint Catherine Protectorate Fifteen per cent of Egypt's total area has been turned into natural protectorates, and the country continues to add to the number of its natural protectorates, which is expected to reach 40 by 2017. In Sinai alone, there are seven protectorates Ras Mohammad, St Catherine, Nabq, Abu Jallum, Ahrash, Zaraniq, and Taba"covering 14 per cent of Sinai's total area of 61,000 square kilometers. The city of Saint Catherine and other close towns, area of4250 Km2, fall within the region of Saint Catherine Protectorate, which was established in 1988. It is a unique high altitude eco-system with many endemic and rare species reserves or sanctuary. In 2002, UNESCO declared 640 km of the northern part of the St. Catherine Protectorate a World Heritage Site. The area combines religious and culturally significant places of global importance, lots of churches and monasteries including Mount Sinai, the 4th century Monastery of St. Catherine and numerous pre-historical sites, and relics from the Byzantine, Pharaonic and later eras. This arid mountain area supports a surprising diversity of flora and fauna. One of the principal goals of the Protectorate is to preserve the bio-diversity of the area's fragile eco-system, with an emphasis on the Nubian ibex and the wild medicinal and aromatic plants. Over 472 plant species, 19 are endemic to Sinai and 115 known for their medicinal value. There are many Sinai agamas, harmless foxes, rockhyraxes. In addition to, a wide range of migrating and resident birds from Europe, the area includes the world's smallest butterfly, known as the Sinai baton blue butterfly. Mammal species such as the endangered Nubian ibex, Dorcas gazelle, Arabian wolf and striped hyaena exist. Over 36 reptile species such as small geckos, large desert monitors and spiny-tailed lizards. In addition to, a large number of feral donkeys in the mountains who migrate to the region, and who put a big pressure on the eco-system and there is a move to reduce their numbers by the Saint Catherine City Council. St. Catherine Protectorate is home to 7000 bedouin from seven different tribes who play a vital role in supporting the protectorate as community guards, guides and hosts for ecotourism. The Bedouin have long-standing conservation ethics controlling the use and protection of trees and pastures. The highest mountain in Egypt is Mount Catherine, and there are many other peaks in the area over 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The views from the highest mountains of St Catherine, Mount Sinai (Jebel Musa) are spectacular, and there are many other natural sights in the valley system. There are springs, creeks, water pools, and narrow canyons, steep valleys with huge boulders, amazing rock formations, and barren plains with islands of lush vegetation. On the top of the mountains, there are many interconnected basins with a unique high altitude ecosystem. There is a small orthodox chapel at the top. The Monastery constructed a small stone hut where trekkers and pilgrims can stay for overnight in the harshly cold weather. There are many small ponds flowing under the rocks in lush Wadi Talaa Kibira, leading down to the biggest water pool of the area, Galt el Azraq, the Blue Pool. Its colour is actually changing according to the regular floods and melting snow; one brings sand from higher up, the next takes it further down and cleans the pool. It is safe for swimming. At the beginning of Wadi Shag there is a narrow canyon where there are permanent granite water pools, from which water is disappearing in the sandy floor at one place and only emerging before the end of the wadi. Water is trickling from the rock into a double fountain in WadiTubug. The lower fountain is for animals, locals drink from the upper one. It is considered safe, although you might need to treat the water. 2.1. Ecotourism in St. Catherine Protectorate With ecotourism now controlling nearly 45 per cent of world tourism, Egypt is pouring money into green tourism with a view to promoting responsible and sustainable tourism, including Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 11 Issue 4 July 2017 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 186 eco-lodges, clean energy, recycling, and biodiversity. Interest in ecotourism has picked up pace after some of the most popular tourism destinations began to show the wear and tear of excessive use. In order to stimulate awareness of the environment and to enhance political attention and public action, the Minister of Environmental Affairs Mustafa Hussein highlights his ministry's strategy to preserve Egypt's rich natural heritage while guarding the balance between touristic needs and ecological sense."Ecotourism at essence is a compromise between the tourist's need to have fun and nature's need to recover," When you are engaged in ecotourism, "you minimize the damage to nature while engaging in a lifestyle that brings you closer to all the wonders of nature offered," he added (Al-Ahram Weekly, 2012). Protecting biological diversity is not only an environmental need, but rather "an economic imperative." Shedding the light on the Environment ministry's plan, it focuses on the intention to turn the spectacular Sinai 's protectorates into green destinations, "not only to promote environmental stability but also to protect the local culture. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) has moreover set up local organizations to boost the income of Sinai inhabitants. One such organization, Dahab Katrin (Catherine's Gold), focuses on the preservation of medicinal herbs. It has planted 6,000 types of endangered plants, recorded oral history pertinent to medicine, and created many jobs in the process. With one million tourists visiting Sinai's protectorates every year, an activity that brings $24 million in income, Saint Catherine saw 446 tourists including foreign, Egyptian, and Arab visitors, according to CAPMAS, 2016.The MOE grasps the need for a comprehensive strategy on green tourism. One aspect of its strategy is to focus on sustainable development for the local community. This involves the creation of a legal and institutional framework, engaging the regional community in the activities of natural protectorates, turning protectorates into self-financing projects, and using revenue from protectorates to enhance infrastructure and train members of the local community. Ecotourism in Sinai includes a wide range of activities, from diving to safari trips, bird watching, medicinal herb development, fishing, building reservoirs, and regulated use of


In previous work, we presented a preliminary study to identify paraphrases between technical and lay discourse types from medical corpora dedicated to the French language. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the same kinds of paraphrases as for French can be detected between English technical and lay discourse types and report the adaptation of our method from French to English. Starting from the constitution of monolingual comparable corpora, we extract two kinds of paraphrases: paraphrases between nominalizations and verbal constructions and paraphrases between neo-classical compounds and modern-language phrases. We do this relying on morphological resources and a set of extraction rules we adapt from the original approach for French. Results show that paraphrases could be identified with a rather good precision, and that these types of paraphrase are relevant in the context of the opposition between technical and lay discourse types. These observations are consistent with the results obtained for French, which demonstrates the portability of the approach as well as the similarity of the two languages as regards the use of those kinds of expressions in technical and lay discourse types.


The production of higher oxygenates from syngas offers one pathway for the conversion of CO and CO2 to useful fuels and chemicals; however, current catalysts known for this process have proved insufficient. This work seeks to improve the performance of catalysts for higher oxygenate production through promotion and strengthen our understanding of how these promoters interact with the metal surfaces. With extensive DFT studies we enanched our understanding of Rh catalyst promoted with MnO. Different models for simulating the active site were developed and compared to get better understanding of the promotional effect of MnO on Rh. Other modifiers we studied include sodium oxide (Na2O) and molybdenum oxide (MoOx) on Rh catalysts for CO hydrogenation to higher oxygenates (C2+oxy). Controllable modification of the catalyst surface and interface was achieved preparing Rh catalysts with different Rh/promoter ratios by co-impregnation and ALD. The observed effects on catalytic rates and selectivity in the CO hydrogenation reaction can be explained by the blocking of Rh stepped sites to reduce the production of the undesirable products. Furthermore, in the case of the presence of Rh-MOx interface sites (where M = Mn, Mo) increases in CO dissociation rate and the overall activity occur. S also proved to modify the performances of supported Rh catalyst for CO hydrogenation, substantially increasing the selectivity towards higher alcohols with a strong dependence on the S/Rh ratio. Upon S modification, a new type of active site is formed, possibly as a result of S driven surface reconstruction, that is more active and selective for oxygenates compared to unmodified Rh. Supported MoP catalysts recently proved to be very active for CO and CO2 hydrogenation towards methanol. We focused our attention on the modification of the active sites in the MoP system to shift the selectivity towards higher alcohols. Primarily, the promotion effect played by the support (mesoporous silica and mesoporous carbon) and the effect of promoters (K and Pd) were exploited and studied. The kinetic studies of mesoporous silica-supported MoP catalysts show a twofold role of K, which also acts as an electronic promoter by increasing the total alcohol selectivity and chain length. Palladium (Pd) increases CO conversion but decreases alcohol chain length. The use of mesoporous carbon (MC) support has the most significant effect on catalyst performance and yields a KMoP/MC catalyst that ranks among the state-of-the-art in terms of selectivity to higher alcohols. An extensive operando characterization campaign using synchrotron-based techniques successfully revealed the role of promoter and support both in the nature of supported MoP during activation and catalysis. Recently, intermetallic NiGa catalyst showed promising performances for CO2 reduction to methanol at low pressure. Both theoretical and experimental investigations revealed that d-Ni5Ga3 phase possess superior activity for methanol synthesis compared to conventional CuZn system. Here we present a study that focuses on the modification of the Ni5Ga3 catalytic active sites by the introduction of a third metal. We chose Cu, Co and Au as promoters exploiting their different intrinsic catalytic properties. Au showed to be the best promoters significantly increasing the activity of Ni5Ga3 due to an electronic promotional effect. We have developed a tandem catalytic system for the direct conversion of syngas to ethanol or acetic acid using catalysts that are robust, contain earth-abundant metals, and are commercially available at large scales. The specific stages involved include methanol synthesis from syngas over a commercial CuZn catalyst, methanol carbonylation to acetic acid over a modified mordenite (MOR) zeolite, and acetic acid hydrogenation to ethanol over CuZn catalyst. Engineering of the MOR acidic sites through selective passivation led us to develop a robust and highly selective process for ethanol production from syngas minimizing the production of hydrocarbons and coke that causes rapid deactivation and poor selectivity. We have detected for the first time using the X-ray laser, LCLS, the intermediate HCO in the first hydrogenation step of CO on a Ru surface. It exists only transiently with a life time of around 3 picoseconds. The timescale of this step can determine the selectivity of hydrogenation reactions. We have observed an intermediate in the interaction of CO and OH in ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopy studies on the Cu(211) surface that is interpreted as an adsorbed species that could potentially lead to ethanol. Introduction The direct synthesis of higher oxygenates from syngas (CO+H2) has great potential in transforming CO2, methane, coal, biomass and organic waste into clean liquid transportation fuels and high-value chemicals [1–3] . The greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions generated from burning conventional gasoline and diesel could be reduced by adopting the synthetic mixed alcohol fuels. Several metal and metal alloy catalysts have recently been investigated for the production of these higher oxygenates; however, further improvements are necessary to meet the selectivity and activity requirements of large scale production [4–11]. The coupling of partially hydrogenated CHx species to CHxO intermediates is a key reaction step in the production of C2 oxygenates from syngas over Rh catalysts. When unmodified, these catalysts favor the production of lower-value methane by the complete hydrogenation of CHx. Promoters have been known to improve other heterogeneous catalysts, but their effects are often poorly understood [12–17]. Rhodium (Rh) based catalysts have selectivity towards the conversion of syngas into C2+oxy [4]. Appropriate choices of support materials and promoters are critical for the Rh catalyst to achieve high C2+oxy yield [5–7]. The controlled addition of metal oxides as promoters or commonly occurring impurities, like alkali metals, to Rh catalysts is studied in this work. The effect on the Rh catalyst is carefully studied and the influence on activity and selectivity in the CO hydrogenation reaction investigated. The combination of theory and experiment has proven to be a valuable tool to improve the understanding of the active structure and promotion mechanism for enhanced C2+ oxy production. In this report we add insights from theory on the Rh/MnO catalyst. Additionally, we investigated the effect of sodium and molybdenum oxides. A new area of research is looking at anion promotion of Rh catalysts. In ethene hydroformylation over Rh, adsorption of H2S at sub-monolayer coverages has been shown to decrease the yield of ethane without affecting the yield of CO insertion products, suggesting that S could be used to increase the selectivity to C2 oxygenates in CO hydrogenation [18]. In the present research, we investigate the effects of S modification on Rh catalyst activity and selectivity. Molybdenum-based catalysts have also been studied for higher alcohol synthesis (HAS), in particular MoS2, but stability of these systems in the absence of sulfurcontaining feeds has shifted the focus to different Mo-based systems. We have previously developed a phosphide catalyst (MoP) supported on silica and promoted with potassium, which demonstrated promising activity for alcohol synthesis for the hydrogenation of CO, CO2 and their mixtures [19]. In the present work we investigated the effects of supports, promoters, such as potassium, and transition metals on MoP performance, particularly on the distribution of products. We focused our attention on the dependence of the formation of the active MoP phase and its dependence on the support nature and promoters through operando and in-situ synchrotron-based spectroscopy and XRD. We also decoupled the effect of the support material on the formation of the MoP phase from the support intrinsic effect on the catalytic activity exploiting a controlled colloidal synthesis protocol. Through this strategy we therefore obtained activity/selectivity trends on several metal oxide catalyst carriers for CO2 hydrogenation. Recently d-Ni5Ga3 has been discovered as a catalyst outperforming conventional CuZn catalyst for CO2 reduction [20,21]. In the present work we investigate promotion effects on silica supported Ni-Ga catalysts by incorporating a third metal into the structure to modify the binding energy of adsorbates. It has been shown using density functional theory (DFT) on metal surfaces for CO hydrogenation that the energetics of all reaction steps can be correlated to the binding energy of carbon and oxygen on these surfaces, because of the scaling relations between reaction intermediates [22]. These two binding energies have previously been used to describe via a microkinetic model the syngas conversion activity towards alcohols over various metal surfaces [22,23] and are also relevant parameters for the CO2 hydrogenation system [19]. In the present study we focus on gold, copper and cobalt to modify the NiGa system; Cu and Au are expected to weaken the binding energies of both carbon and oxygen on the surface of the catalyst whereas Co is expected to strengthen these binding energies. A similar rationale for promoting methanol synthesis has been investigated for Cu based systems where slightly strengthening the binding of CO2 has a promoting effect whereas too much will cause poisoning of active sites by reaction intermediates such as formate [24,25]. C2 oxygenates such as ethanol and acetic acid are valuable fuels and chemicals today, and will be increasingly important as renewably-sourced commodities advance [2,3,26]. Syngas is an attractive intermediate for the production of such oxygenates because of well-established technologies for its generation from versatile feedstocks. However, selective production of higher alcohols from syngas remains an unsolved catalytic challenge after many decades of academic and industr


The impact response and impact sensitivity of AP powder and AP/HTPB tablet were investigated by means of impact experiments,scanning electron microscope and impact sensitivity test.The results show that the fracture and impact sensitivity of AP in powder are much more severely than tablet.In addition,the impact sensitivity of AP powder decreases with the increase of particle diameter of AP,while the impact sensitivity of AP / HTPB tablet increases.


We provide herein evidence that the removal of metal ions with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nano-oxides could be largely attributed to precipitation by forming the metal hydroxides rather than adsorption, implying that ENMs cannot be superior adsorbents.


iut+uxx+(a|u|+b|v|)u=0, ivt+vxx+(b|u|+c|v|)v=0, where u,v are complex valued functions of (x,t)∈R, and a,b,c∈R was previously studied by Nguyen and Wang. In that work, it was shown that for this system of equations, the interplay between components of solutions in terms of the parameters a,b,c plays an important role in both the existence and stability of solitary wave. In particular, it was proved that solitary wave solutions of this system are orbitally stable when either 0 0 with b>max{a,c} and b>ac. In this manuscript, the orbital stability result obtained by Nguyen and Wang is further improved. It will be shown that when a solitary wave is perturbed, the perturbed solution must stay close to a solitary-wave profile in which the translation and phase parameters are prescribed functions of time. Properties of these functions are then studied.


Resealable packaging sheet with a weldable sheet comprising a welding film and a gas barrier film which is e.g. a copolyester. Laminated packaging sheet (14) which is resealable and comprises a support film (24) next to a welded film (26) between which is interposed in at least one of the zones, a layer (28) of a permanent adhesive attached to the film support (24) and the welded film (26), characterized in that the welded film (26) has a welding layer (36) and at least one gas barrier layer (37), where at least one of the barrier layers is a composition selected from vinyl alcohol/ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, silica, aluminum oxide, polyester and copolyester. An INDEPENDENT claim is included for packaging (10) especially a sachet type, with an external wall (16) defining an opening (15) characterised in that the opening is closed by laminated sheet (14) such that it welds to the external wall (16) at the periphery of the opening (15) by means of the weldable film (26) in a part of the sheet which is filled with a permanent adhesive (28).


The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial property of sida spinosa Linn (malvaceae) leaves against certain bacterial stains causing microbial infection using cup plate method .The test organism were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subsitlis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans Aspergillus niger. All the different concentration of ethanolic leaf extracts of sida spinosa exhibited the concentration dependant significant anti microbial activity comparable with ciprofloxacin 5μg/disc and amphotericin B 30μg/disc were used respectively as standard for bacteria and fungi stains.


We integrate TiN/Ni/HfO2/Si RRAM cell with a vertical gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire transistor to achieve compact 4F footprint in a 1T1R configuration. The tip of the Si nanowire (source of the transistor) serves as bottom electrode of the memory cell. Fabricated devices with nanowire diameter ~ 50nm demonstrate ultra-low current/power switching; unipolar switching with 10μA/30μW SET and 20μA/30μW RESET and bipolar switching with 20nA/85nW SET and 0.2nA/0.7nW RESET. Further, the switching current is found to scale with nanowire diameter making the architecture promising for future scaling. Keywords—RRAM, 1T1R, gate-all-around FET, nanowire FET, vertical MOSFETs


In the present study, phenalkamine resin is obtained by processing cardanol resin which is extracted by cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL). The phenalkamine resin is used as base material and dupion silk fabric, a degradable natural protein is used as reinforcement material to improve both medical and mechanical properties. To enhance both mechanical and antibacterial properties silver nano particles are used as additional fillers. In this work an attempt is made to reduce epoxy resin content and increase phenalkamine resin content for obtaining eco-sustainable hybridized nano bio-composite laminates by performing successful trails, followed by fabrication using simple hand layup method and then bonding behavior of prepared bio-composite samples were analyzed using SEM. The morphology of materials are showing good bonding characteristics of fabric layers within the polymer matrix.


This article put forward the issue of using Marxism to guide the development of industry design in China and discussed the issue from five aspects: the necessity of Marxism's guidance to the development of industry design in China,Marxism insist in the combination of literae humaniores and technology,using Marxism redefine the meanings of art,using the "arts' production " theory to solve the problem of industry design in China,Marxism point out direction for industry design in China.The conclusion is that using Marxism in industry design,not only can keep Chinese industry design developing in a good condition,but also make new field for Marxism to developing itself.The objective of this article is to offer a new philosophic foundation to our industry design's theory.


Let {Pk} be any sequence of classical orthogonal polynomials. Further, let f be a function satisfying a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients. We give an algorithm to construct, in a compact form, a recurrence relation satisfied by the coefficients ak in f = ∑ k akPk. A systematic use of the basic properties (including some nonstandard ones) of the polynomials {Pk} results in obtaining a low order of the recurrence.


Ag ions were implanted into single crystals of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) at 1.5 MeV to a fluence of 2×1016 ions/cm2. After implantation, heat treatments were performed at 500, 900, and 1000 °C in air. The surface color tone markedly changed from brown to a beautiful violet after heat treatments. Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) observations revealed that Ag nanoparticles were formed when samples were heated at temperatures higher than about 900 °C. The absorption spectrum in the visible region was measured. A large absorption peak appeared at 510 nm after heating at 900 °C. The peak could be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles.


Germanium films deposited on glass by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from germane and hydrogen grow in the structure succession of amorphous-nanocrystallineamorphous-nanocrystalline as the substrate temperature is raised from 30°C to 310°C. We ascribe the phase formation, from low to high temperature, to a sequence of low to high mobility of Ge growth species on a surface that is hydrogenated at low temperature but not hydrogenated at high temperature. We report some structural, optical, and electrical transport properties of Ge films as a function of deposition temperature and film thickness.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of hot-rolled strip steel surface scale treatment, in particular to a removal system for hot-rolled strip steel surface scales. The removal system for hot-rolled strip steel surface scales comprises a rough rolling scale remover arranged on a rolling line, wherein a set of spraying device is arranged above a rolling line transmission roller way at the front end of the rough rolling scale remover and comprises two supporting frames, at least one water supply pipe and a plurality of high-pressure water nozzles arranged on the water supply pipes; the two supporting frames are respectively fixed at both sides of the transmission roller way; and the water supply pipes are arranged at the upper ends of the two supporting frames. The removal system for hot-rolled strip steel surface scales has the advantages of enhancing the strip steel surface scale removal effect, improving the hot-rolled strip steel surface quality, reducing the strip steel surface re-grading and improving the rolling speed and the working efficiency of a cold rolling working procedure.


In the future networks, the level of quality of services (QoS) will be improved, new services will be introduced and the end users will enjoy everywhere and any time old and new services via fixed and mobile devices. Then the quality will be a key aspect for the next generation network. In this context, the relationship between the network performances and the QoS become an important issue. In this study, the quality of network and QoS in future system are studied, an agent to measure the key performance indicators values has been created and a polynomial regression models to explain the relationship between network and service KPIs is employed.


Analysis of a fragment of reduced fired clay, possibly a sherd from a crucible, was undertaken in an attempt to confirm the identification. ED-XRF analysis showed the slagged surface to be enriched in iron, but with copper, tin, lead, zinc, silver and gold all below detection. The fragment is therefore unlikely to be from a crucible and is probably a piece of hearth ceramic associated with the previously identified iron-working.


The isentropic and isenthalpic expansion processes in a CO 2 transcritical cycle were analysed thermodynamically. It was found that the effective refrigeration capacity of the cycle with the isentropic expansion process is higher than the cycle with the isenthalpic expansion process. The increment is slightly larger than the expansion work recovered because of the transcritical nature of the cycle. Further analysis and comparison were made for two decreasing throttling loss methods: using internal heat exchangers and using expanders instead of throttling valves. The results indicate that using high efficiency expanders in the transcritical cycle is the better method, and the work recovered by the expander is mainly from the flow work in the supercritical area, and from the internal energy change in the liquid-gas two-phase region. It is recommended that the flashing crash model can be used to simplify the characteristic equations of the liquid-gas two-phase adiabatic expansion process.


This paper presents a case study of a Hong Kong university student's experiences of learning English as a second
 language (L2) over a four-year period, with particular attention to the changes in her identities and beliefs across time and
 space. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the study revealed that the student's L2 identities appeared to be shaped by
 specific contextual conditions and agentic choices made by the student in response to different contexts, including consultation
 sessions with native English-speaking tutors, study abroad in the U.S., interactions with non-native English-speaking peers, and
 classroom interactions. It was also found that her L2 identities and beliefs not only varied over time in a complex and dynamic
 manner, but also appeared to be closely interconnected and interacted with each other in a reciprocal and bi-directional manner.
 The case study points to the need to pay more attention to the complex and dynamic interrelationship between identity and belief
 in L2 learning trajectories.


this paper a new non-preemptive domain clustering scheduling algorithm for soft real time application is proposed. The main aim of this algorithm is to achieve high deadline meeting ratio of the group Earliest Deadline First (gEDF) algorithm by maintaining the excellent performance during normal load. An efficient non-preemptive algorithm called Domain Cluster - group EDF (DC-gEDF) is proposed for real time systems which makes clustering the task according to the domain specification with their deadlines and schedules the tasks within a group. The results are analysed and compared for the metric deadline meeting ratio of gEDF and DC-gEDF under different deadline acceptable values. It shows an improvement in the deadline meeting ratio for the proposed DC-g-EDF algorithm. General Terms Real time scheduling


The antiepileptic drug topiramate is used in the treatment of epilepsy in many patients including pregnant women. Topiramate was reported to have teratogenic effects. This study is focusing on the effects of topiramate on the placental structure. Pregnant rats were treated with topiramate at doses of 50 and 100 mg/Kg body weight orally. On day 20 the pregnant rats were sacrificed, and the placentae were collected and processed for histological and morphometric evaluation. There were degenerative changes affecting the three layers of the placenta. In the decidual layer, the cells showed deposition of fibrous and hyaline materials. Vacuolization of cells and hemorrhages were also detected. In the basal layer, the trophoblast cell types were affected. This ranged from vacuolization, cytolysis and cyst formation. In the labyrinthine layer, there was increase in the fibrinoid material and fetal mesenchyme. There was also degeneration of cells and congestion of blood vessels. Morphometric data revealed a significant decrease in the thickness of the decidual layer and increase in that of the basal layer of the treated groups compared to control. The results obtained from this study showed harmful effects of topiramate on the placental structure. This may explain one of the possible mechanisms which leads to its teratogenicity.


The Indonesian government continuously strives to increase the number of entrepreneurs, and universities are expected to play an active role in fostering entrepreneurial spirit among students. This study was aimed to analyze the role of gender as a moderator of entrepreneurial education influence and entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial intention. Population of the study was the students  of the State Polytechnic of Malang who have involved in the Student Entrepreneurial Program in 2015 and 2016. The study used judgment sampling technique to select the respondent and the data collected through questionnaires distribution. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and moderation regression analysis. The results of study show that gender does not moderate the influence of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial intention. The result can be interpreted as nothing difference in the intention of opening new business in the future for male and female students who have followed entrepreneurship lecture, entrepreneurship seminar, entrepreneurship expo, and business practices. Furthermore, there is not difference in the motivation of opening new business in the future for male and female students who have  characteristics : self-efficacy, need for achievement and social networking. Self-efficacy contributed the highest in supporting the entrepreneurial characteristics.


The order of helicopter controller is usually high.How to reduce the order of controller as much as possible and preserve the performance of closed-loop system is a problem which needs solving.In this paper,a Krylov subspace method is applied to H∞ controller reduction of UH-60A helicopter.It is shown that the proposed method can not only match the desired closed-loop system responses,but also does not need solving any Lyapunov equations and using computational tools,greatly reducing computation work.The simulation results also show the effectiveness of the method.


Alcoholism is a costly disease that is responsible for a significant portion of the global disease burden, yet there is much is left to know about how this disease develops. Tolerance plays a critical role in predisposing an individual to alcohol abuse. Recently, the active zone of presynaptic neurons has been implicated as an ethanol effector. In this study, we examined the role that a presynaptic active zone protein, Dunc13, plays in the formation of tolerance to alcohol. Dunc13 is an ortholog of mammalian Unc13-1, and through the use of Drosophila as a model system, we show that genetic reduction of this protein creates ethanol resistance in naive flies. This genetic reduction is also used as a tool to examine the transcriptome that results from alcohol exposure. mRNA samples were sequenced from haploinsufficient Dunc13 flies, as well as wildtype Canton-S flies. These sequences were used to identify genes that are differentially expressed between these two genotypes without exposure to ethanol and four hours after a sedating dose of ethanol. Naive and ethanol exposed haploinsufficient Dunc13 flies did not have any genes with significantly different levels of expression. This indicates Dunc13 flies are transcriptionally resistant to ethanol treatment. The genetic manipulation creates a neurophysiological state that does not have a differential response to rapid ethanol tolerance, highlighting the importance of this protein in the acquisition of tolerance. Further, the genes identified in this study contribute to the platform with which alcohol tolerance can be studied.


Abstract 4820 Objectives: It is known that one of main reasons of refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is multidrug resistant (MDR). Despite it was showed that 14-3-3ζ was over- expressed in HL-60/VCR MDR cells than in HL-60 sensitive AML cells by examining the difference of gene expression profile with Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 set A. Yet, the understanding on role of 14-3-3ζ in the survival of AML cells remains poor. Methods: Semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to examine the expression of mdr1 mRNA in AML cell lines to validate the results of microarray. Western blot was performed to investigate Pgp#x2610;A14-3-3ζ#x2610;ABCL-2#x2610;AMCL-1 proteins expression. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the subcellular location of 14-3-3ζ protein in HL-60 and HL-60/VCR cells by laser scanning confocal microscope. 14-3-3ζ knockdown cells were obstained by transduction with lentivirus-mediated shRNA to silence 14-3-3ζ in AML cell lines. MTT and cell count method were used to analyze the changes of growth of AML cells. Results: mdr1 mRNA and Pgp was not expressed in HL-60 cells, but significantly overexpressed in HL-60/VCR cells(P Conclusion: It was implied that14-3-3ζ played an important role in AML MDR and was associated with BCL-2 and MCL-1 expression. These results suggested that development of therapy targeting 14-3-3ζ may provide novel, effective strategies for refractory and relapsed AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In order to improve the thermal efficiency of coal-fired fossil power plant, there is a drive to develop heat resistant steels excellent creep properties as well as superior oxidation and corrosion resistance properties to those of conventional 1Cr, 2.25Cr, and 9~12Cr steels. The material selection for turbine and boiler systems with advanced steam conditions is determined by a variety of considerations. In this paper, we have described an outline of historical development of heat resistant 9-12Cr steels, the required properties and alloy design concepts for the major components in boiler and turbine, and the recent research trend for the 650℃ turbine and boiler materials.


Purpose – Although China is beginning to emerge on the world economic stage, many Chinese workers are newcomers to the Western notions of leadership. Those examining leader behavior and follower motivations should consider unique traditions that influence the motivation process in other cultural settings. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is the theoretical adaptation of the congruent temperament model based upon personal experience and study of Chinese history and culture.Findings – A valid criticism of the congruent temperament model is the exclusion of distinctive cultural norms, as Western ideas of leadership, personality, and motivation may not be congruent with other cultures. This article, modifies this paradigm by acknowledging the influence of various culturally specific work motivation catalysts (e.g. guanxi, mianzi). Although the original model lacks universality, the general framework can be adapted to account for cultural differences...


A study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of pig manure rates and irrigation frequency on growth components, forage and seed yield of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens). The experimental design was a split plot fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Treatments consisted of graded levels of pig manure application rates (0, 9 and 18 t / ha) and three irrigation frequencies (2,4 and 6 days intervals). Results indicated that tallest plant, (112.44cm) (P<0.05), more leaves (107.75) were obtained when pig manure was applied at 18 t / ha and irrigated at 6 days irrigation interval, which was at per with result applied 9 t / ha at 4 days irrigation interval. However, the leaf area index (LAI) did not differ (P>0.05) with increase in irrigation interval. Also, the heaviest (P<0.05) fresh and dry forage yields (9.22t/ha vs. 6.66t/ha) were observed when pig manure was applied at 18 t / ha, at irrigation interval of 6 days, which was at per with applied 9 t /ha and 2 days irrigation interval. For seed production, irrigation interval of 2 days produced the highest (P<0.05) yield (2.98t/ha), when pig manure was applied at the rate of 9 t / ha. It was therefore concluded that pig manure could be applied to Mucuna pruriens forage at 9 t / ha at irrigation interval of 4 days, for better growth components. However, for forage yield and seed production, 9t/ha of pig manure and 2 days irrigation interval produced the best result in Northern Guinea savannah of Nigeria.


This research is motivated by the importance of student behavior in mitigating the COVID-19 disaster. As the number of positive cases continues to grow, it is necessary to take steps to prevent COVID-19. This study discusses the analysis of student behavior, especially in elementary schools in dealing with the Coronavirus Disease-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influence it. To answer the objectives of the researcher used a descriptive study and qualitative analysis. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The research subjects were fifth grade students and fifth grade students' parents. Data analysis used data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the research at the beginning of the pandemic were that students took steps to prevent COVID-19, namely 1) washing hands, 2) wearing masks, 3) keeping as much distance as possible, 4) reducing as much, 5) reducing mobility. Meanwhile, currently students are no longer taking COVID-19 prevention measures, namely 1) not washing their hands, 2) not wearing masks, 3) not keeping their distance, 4) not limiting them, 5) not reducing mobility. Internal factors that influence student behavior at the beginning of the pandemic are fear and external factors, namely 1) family environment, 2) school environment, 3) media. Meanwhile, currently internal factors that influence student behavior are 1) boredom, 2) laziness, external factors that influence are 1) family environment, 2) community environment


© 2 0 2 0 . T h i e m e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g K G , R ü d i g e r s t r a ß e 1 4 , 7 0 4 6 9 S t u t t g a r t , G e r m a n y Y . Y U A N * , K . C . L O , L . S Z E T O , W . K . C H A N ( T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F H O N G K O N G , P . R . O F C H I N A ) Synthesis of Pyrazinopyrazine-Fused Azaacenes through Direct Condensation Reactions between Quinoxalinediamine and Diketones J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 6372–6379.


The technology of recycling and utilization of landfill gas from municipal solid waste landfill is cost effective and environmental friendly. The composition and characteristics of landfill gas were described in details, and the influence factors on landfill gas were analyzed as well. The gas status of high output, fast increase, uncontrolled emission and low utilization rate was introduced. The advantages and future about recycling and utilization of landfill gas was analyzed, and problems needed to be solved was then proposed.


The current education ecosystem is moving towards centralized online blended learning. Online learning repositories have replaced traditional libraries. Learning repositories contain learning materials, which can be located with the help of associated metadata. Associating metadata to the content (definition, program, example, figure, and table) of individual learning concept (topic) from the learning material also leads to a better search. If a student knows the prerequisites of the topic s/he wants to learn then the study of current topic would be more fruitful. The prerequisites of a computer science topic can be obtained from its explanation and the programming code snippet used for its implementation. This paper proposes a metadata "code construct as a prerequisite of a code snippet". For example "recursion and function call are prerequisite to understand recursive module of binary tree traversal". It also proposes the framework to automatically identify, extract and present the code constructs used in code snippets included in a computer science learning material. Thus obtained list of code constructs act as prerequisites for understanding the corresponding code snippet. Rule-based pattern mining approach is used for the identification of code snippet in the learning material and identification of code constructs in the code snippet. A pattern set is designed for the same. Natural language tool kit of python is used to identify the code snippet. The algorithms are tested on the programs of C, C++ and Java. Accuracy and efficiency of the developed algorithms is checked against the manual results given by subject experts. An average F1 score of 92% is obtained.


Uses the questionnaire survey procedure and the mathematical method of average conducts the investigation and study to Jiangxi Province institutions learning university student physical training custom present situation and the form factor. The result indicated:Jiangxi university students studying Extra-curricular of the main tasks,Internet has become the university students after school in Jiangxi Province's main leisure time; Jiangxi college students major economic source for the family supply,followed by work-study program funded and friends; Jiangxi College Students Living costs per month were as follows:Food consumption,daily consumption,consumption study Grading Test,Internet consumption,Personals consumer,communications fees,spent on physical exercise Few aspects of consumption.


Business crisis is usually happen in modern society,and it is more than economic crisis.When firms suffer from business crisis,they usually find resources and solutions from without the firms.But after the elimination of crisis,the firms only get the solutions but the competence has not been formed.This paper analyzed the internal logic of crisis elimination and discussed its logic mechanism.The purpose of above is to provide a theoretic guide for enterprises enhancing their competence.


Jean Langendorf, vice president of community and housing services for Easter Seals of Central Texas in Austin, has over 25 years of experience working to improve the lives of people with physical and mental impairments. She is widely respected as one of the state's leading advocates for the disabled. She was a featured panelist at "Finding Housing Opportunities for People with Disabilities," the September 2011 conference in Austin that was sponsored by the Dallas Fed and the Disability Opportunity Fund. In this interview, Langendorf speaks about her perceptions of serving the housing needs of people with disabilities.


The paper expounds the key points about bridge and culvert design in the engineering of reducing the subgrade height of Puyang Section of Puyang-Xinyang Expressway,and indicates adding the flying gangway and underground passage to solve the water accumulation in passages,obtains the design goal of reducing the subgrade height.


The study has aimed to investigate optical and photoacoustic properties of some colloidal silver nanoparticles at different concentration over the time. The phase purity with crystal structure of silver nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Optical property was changed during the variable concentration of nanoparticles and duration time of sample. The absorbance of silver colloidal solutions is increased, when concentration increases but decreased with respective to the longer period of sample. Absorption peaks and stability of particles in solutions is influenced by the duration time of solution and its concentration. The low concentration-based solutions fall in the absorbance over the times. The observed PA signal is subjected by the factor of parameters; such as, pump wavelengths, energy, repetition rate, concentrations, and temperature. Stability of fluorescence and absorption peaks are influenced by the concentration of particles and time period of colloidal solution. Effects on PA signal with fluorescent and absorption peaks upon the concentration was also significant.


Is the information delivered by the media believable because it is true, or is it "true" because it is believed? Can credibility be reduced to objectivity? How and to what degree are objectivity and credibility related? The present article attempts to address these questions. The authors present the thesis that the problem of credibility is dependent on a variety of factors, among which the information's accordance with reality is subordinate. While the media's implementation of certain rituals of objectivity such as neutrality or fairness can serve to establish credibility, they are not necessarily connected with the accordance with reality in coverage.


To those interested in the problems of economic growth, the "Theory and Policy of Economic Development" is a most refreshing and stimulating book. It comprises a digest of seventeen independent essays contributed by an equal number of writers and ably assembled by G. U. PAPI; its essential merit is certainly that of attacking this problem from various sides without sacrificng unity of thought or incurring in tedious repetitions, while its weakness is inherent in the very difficulties presented by this field of analysis.


This issue brings together essays relevant to the general topic of narrative theory. It will be evident to the reader, however, that there is no uniformity of approach or of purpose represented here; on the contrary, some of the essays are in clear conflict with each other on fundamental matters. The collection is deliberately heterogeneous in this respect, seeking to represent a counterpoint of different voices rather than a unison chanting the same critical point of view. For all its variations, however, this volume cannot claim to represent anything like the full range of approaches to narrative theory in current circulation. For those seeking an introduction to the complete spectrum, the reader might turn with profit to Wallace Martin's Recent Theories of Narrative, discussed in the review essay by Suresh Ra val. Presented here is a necessarily restricted selection, offering in many cases just the first steps now underway in a process of rethinking the problems of narrative. The contributions divide readily into three main groups. The first, comprising the opening essays by Weissberg and McPherson, deals with particular narratives and arrives at theoretical issues by confronting the special challenges of an individual text. The second, which makes up the middle section of the volume (Huhn, Kellman, Heyne, Leitch, and Koelb), contains attempts to approach by means of theory what we might call subtopics within the larger domain of narrative, or to use those subtopics as levers to open up new theoretical space. The third group—the final three essays by Diengott, MacKenzie, and Lokke—is more broadly theoretical, seeking to understand better the fundamental assumptions underlying various conceptions of narrative. The volume as a whole thus moves from the particular, with essays devoted to Julius Rodman and Absalom, Absalom!, to the general, concluding with Suresh Raval's critical overview of current books on narrative theory.


The fuzzy logic system developed in this research paper seeks to identify the financial risk of projects financed from structural funds when changes occur in project values, in the duration of the projects and in the implementation durations. Those two factors are known to influence the financial risk. The fuzzy system was simulated using Matlab and the results showed its operation and the conclusion that the financial risk of the project is dependent on the developments values and on the implementation duration. The developed and tested fuzzy logic system provides information on financial risk intensity organized into three categories: small, medium and large and on the inflection point of transition from low risk to high risk. This is considered an early warning system for the management staff with responsibilities in structural funds.


The booming Chinese economy,however,has not been accompanied by a rapid development of service industries under constraints of various sorts.There are serious problems of structural similarity in the service industries,especially in some regional central cities.The experiences of Osaka show that the service industries can be promoted by 1) taking advantage of regional manufacturing base;2) encouraging deeper specialization;3) nurturing the competitive advantages of the niche service industries;and 4) identifying and integrating multiple factors.The strategic implications for Tianjin are 1) correctly positioning the relationship with Beijing with regard to the development of service industries;2) supporting the manufacturing-based service industries;3) deepening specialization;4) expanding the range of production services;and 5) implementing different policies for the different niche service industries.


The aim of this study is to shed light on and describe a number of secondary school students' writing practices and their attitudes towards these practices.The material used in the study comes from ...


In this paper we describe the design process, results and observations obtained in designing a user interface for managing community-based financial institutions in rural India. The primary users are semi-literate village women from local communities. We present detailed observations from our field visits and the resulting evolution in our design vision. We describe a successful design artifact that is the result of this process, and list several important features that contributed to its success. We conclude with the current state of our work and our plans for the future.


The new era of space exploration is increasing the astronaut's number and diversity in low orbit and beyond. The influx of such a diverse crew population will also increase the need for medical technologies to ensure safe and productive missions. Such a need represents a unique opportunity to innovate and develop diagnostics and treatment tools to meet future needs. Historically, terrestrial regulatory oversight of biomedical design processes was considered separate from spaceflight regulatory processes because it did not address spaceflight constraints. These constraints challenge the creative development of unique solutions for use in space. Translation between healthcare innovation in spaceflight to healthcare on Earth and vice versa requires understanding the commonalities, unique needs and constraints. This manuscript provides a framework for comparing Earth-space design processes and a perspective on the best practices to improve healthcare equity and health outcomes.


Under the instruction of the teacher, the teacher and students have shitted their roles in teaching, which embodied the guideline of the students being the main bodies and the teacher's playing dominate role in teaching. Through the method, the students' participating consciousness could be strengthened, their leaming competence could be enhanced, and more efficient results have been gained.


In the cooking process, the waste related to the water, energy, gas and another sources consumption, are so significant that they represent a big impact in the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product and it is considered a great damage in a country's economics. The Cleaner Technologies use presents as an essential tool on the modern society to fulfil the environmental needs of a sustainable development, besides it is useful to take the companies to get new customers, energy and natural resources savings, and reduction of losses and waste. In this way, this paper had, as general goal, the analysis of the food processing of five restaurants in Campina Grande – Paraiba, using for this analysis the Cleaner Production methodology to identify potentials to reduce waste, and optimize the process and the energetic efficiency. The result of this study shows that the Cleaner Production adoption allied to the construction of an environmental politics, written and communicated to the whole staff can improve the competition for the companies, since one of its advantages is the image improvement of the company besides the keeping of current and future customers.


Resistance training increases muscle strength and endurance but may require high intensity and long duration to enhance capillarity. Vascular occlusion during resistance training augments the strength and endurance gains, and this study investigated whether it also promotes microvascular adaptations. Nine healthy males performed short‐term 4 wk low intensity resistance training of the calf (4 sets of 50 heel raises 3 × per wk) under restricted (non‐dominant thigh cuff inflated to 150 mmHg, R) or unrestricted (dominant leg, UR) blood flow conditions. At baseline and post‐training, blood flow and calf filtration capacity (Kf) were assessed by strain gauge plethysmography, and calf muscle strength and fatigue respectively by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and force decline during electrically‐evoked ischemic contractions in both legs. Kf increased by 26 ± 6 % in R leg (mean ± SEM, p<0.05 paired t‐test) and by 19 % in UR leg (NS) while blood flow was unchanged in both. MVC was 25% greater after training in R leg (p<0.05) and unchanged in UR. Fatigue, tested under ischemic conditions to detect metabolic adaptations, did not change after training in either leg. In 3 subjects, Kf was unchanged after 2 wk in R leg. Vascular occlusion thus promoted microcirculatory adaptation to resistance training, possibly through HIF‐1 regulated release of adenosine and VEGF.


In recent years, many kinds of coastal structure, such as man-made island, large-scale piers, marinas and so on, are constructed in the coastal area. Local scour occur around a coastal structure due to waves and currents. The scouring around a structure is important in the estimation of stability of the structures. However, there are no standard of judgement of measures against scour around coastal structures. There are few investigations for mechanism of local scours around a large-scale structures. The dimension of large-scale structure is comparable to the wave length, and the wave field around them is complicated owing to the presence of diffracted waves. The mechanism of sand movement around a large circular cylinder were first investigated experimentally by Toue and Katui(1985). Saito et al.(1990) presented a numerical model for the bottom topography changes around a large circular cylinder. The model consisted of three submodels, that is, wave model, current model and sand transport model. In the model, the wave field was evaluated by using the linear theory derived by McCamy and Fuchs(1954). The current field was evaluated as sum of the depth-integrated current induced by the spatial variation of the radiation stress and the mass transport velocity in the vicinity of the bed.


Deconstruction and reconstruction of preconception in teaching are of great significance to renew teacher's concept, enforce the new course reform efficiently, form the good relation between teachers and students and improve teaching functions.The main strategies are reflecting it in teaching, achieving it in practice, in the teaching summation and rational thought and in the teacher-and-student dialogue.


Persistence of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in an alfisol and vertisol was studied at three moisture levels (at saturation, Field Capacity and 50% Field Capacity) and at two temperature levels (10 ± 2° C and 27+ 2° C) for 137 days in the laboratory. Degradation of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen was more rapid at high temperature and moisture levels. The disappearance curve/semi logarithmic plot followed first order kinetics with two distinct pathways, an initial faster rate followed by a slower and more gradual disappearance. Half life values for pendimethalin varied from 35.45 to 108.28 in alfisol and from 28.28 to 91.84 in vertisol; for oxyfluorfen half life values varied from 97.60 to 192.50 in Alfisols and 90.05 to 147.44 in vertisols.


In this paper, we explore the possibility of spontaneous CP violation in the scattering of quarks and anti-quarks from QCD Z(3) domain walls. The CP violation here arises from the nontrivial profile of the background gauge field $(A_{0})$ between different Z(3) vacua. We calculate the spatial variation of $A_{0}$ across the Z(3) interface from the profile of the Polyakov loop $L(\vec{x})$ for the Z(3) interface and calculate the reflection of quarks and antiquarks using the Dirac equation. This spontaneous CP violation has interesting consequences for the relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments, such as baryon enhancement at high $P_{T}$. It also acts as a source of additional J/$\psi$ suppression. We also discuss its implications for the early universe.


Context Bacterial vaginosis, a condition that is particularly common among women who have sex with women, is an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and depletion of normally occurring lactobacilli. Bacterial vaginosis persists or recurs in 11% to 29% of women at 1 month after treatment. Contribution This study identified that the presence of specific vaginal bacteria at baseline (Clostridia BVAB1, BVAB2, or BVAB3; Peptoniphilus lacrimalis; or Megasphaera phylotype 2) and lower adherence to treatment were the only factors associated with persistence of bacterial vaginosis 1 month after treatment among women who have sex with women. Caution The results might not apply to women who have sex only with men. The Editors Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by depletion of hydrogen peroxideproducing lactobacilli that characterize normal vaginal flora and profound overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (1). Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent vaginal infection in reproductive-age women, affecting 8% to 29%, and is the most common cause of vaginal symptoms prompting medical care (2). Of 3739 women enrolled during 2001 to 2004 in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, almost 1 in 3 (29.2% [95% CI, 27.2% to 31.3%]) had bacterial vaginosis, as determined by Gram stain of vaginal fluid (3, 4). Bacterial vaginosis has been consistently associated with adverse outcomes related to the upper genital tract and with increased risk for HIV acquisition (57). Treatment of bacterial vaginosis targets the abundance of anaerobes that define the condition. With oral metronidazole used for 7 days or vaginal metronidazole for 5 days, symptoms improve in 83% to 87% of women by 2 to 3 weeks (8, 9). The improvement rate is similar for women who use vaginal clindamycin regimensboth antibiotics are recommended (10)and the restoration rate of vaginal lactobacilli at 30 days is similar (11, 12). Although short-term treatment response is acceptable, bacterial vaginosis persists or recurs in 11% to 29% of women at 1 month (8, 13, 14) and long-term recurrence rates exceed 70% (1517). Few studies have reported factors associated with bacterial vaginosis recurrence after successful treatment, such as black race, older age, higher Nugent score at enrollment (17), history of bacterial vaginosis, regular sex partner during study, female sex partner, and hormonal contraception (15). Even fewer studies have assessed risks associated with bacterial vaginosis persistence at 1 month after treatment. Available data suggest that condom use in the period immediately after treatment might support maintenance of normal vaginal flora and thus increase cure rates (16, 18). For unknown reasons, women who have sex with women have a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (25% to 52%) (3, 19). We hypothesized that this population might provide a unique opportunity to study the response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis because the potentially confounding exposure of unprotected vaginal intercourse was not likely to be common. In a cohort study of vaginal flora in this population, we assessed the incidence of bacterial vaginosis persisting at 1 month after treatment with vaginal metronidazole. In addition to measuring the contribution of recognized risk factors for bacterial vaginosis, including race, sexual behaviors, and douching, we assessed the contribution of specific species of bacterial vaginosisassociated bacteria (BVAB) present at initiation of bacterial vaginosis treatment. These bacteria include fastidious anaerobes detected by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, some of which have not yet been cultivated and include 3 recently identified bacteria in the Clostridiales order (BVAB1, BVAB2, and BVAB3) that are highly specific (>97%) for bacterial vaginosis (20). Methods Participants and Clinical Definitions The study population comprised women age 16 to 30 years who reported sex with at least 1 woman in the previous year and who responded to recruitment through advertisements, media, and community referral between October 2004 and December 2006. Participants completed an extensive computer-assisted self-interview on demographic characteristics and medical, reproductive, and sexual history and underwent a standardized examination, including collection of vaginal fluid for Gram stain, saline microscopy, pH measurement, potassium hydroxide evaluation, and culture of Trichomonas vaginalis. We asked all participants to return for 4 quarterly visits or at any time if genital symptoms developed. To obtain specimens for bacterium-specific PCR assays, we brushed a polyurethane foam swab (Catch-All, Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, Wisconsin) against the lateral vaginal wall, resheathed it, and froze it immediately in a 80 C freezer until DNA extraction. We diagnosed bacterial vaginosis if 3 of 4 clinical (Amsel) criteria (vaginal pH >4.5, clue cells on saline microscopy >20% of epithelial cells, amine odor on addition of potassium hydroxide, or homogeneous vaginal discharge) were present (21) and Gram stain of vaginal fluid confirmed abnormal flora (Nugent score >3) (4). We treated women who had bacterial vaginosis with vaginal metronidazole gel (37.5 mg nightly for 5 days) and asked them to return in 1 month for test of cure, when we repeated examination and collected vaginal fluid for Gram stain in all women. Initially, we collected vaginal fluid samples for bacteria-specific PCR assays at test-of-cure visits for all women whose vaginal pH was greater than 4.0 and thus had suspected bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. After approximately one half of the study participants were enrolled, we collected these samples routinely in all participants at the test-of-cure visit. For the analysis, we used the first visit at which a woman was found to have bacterial vaginosis (whether at the initial enrollment visit, at a later quarterly routine visit, or at a visit self-initiated for vaginal symptoms). We used test-of-cure visits after a woman's first bacterial vaginosispositive visit that were completed before 31 March 2007 to examine incidence of persistent bacterial vaginosis and abnormal vaginal flora. We defined persistent bacterial vaginosis by Amsel criteria. We confirmed persistent bacterial vaginosis by Nugent score of vaginal fluid greater than 6 at the 1-month follow-up visit and confirmed abnormal vaginal flora by Nugent score greater than 3. We obtained written informed consent from all participants. Conduct of the study adhered to standard guidelines for research involving human participants and was approved by the University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Human Subjects Review Committees. Microbiological Analysis For DNA extraction, we placed vaginal swabs for bacterial PCR assay in 15-mL conical vials with 2 mL of saline and vortex-mixed them for 1 minute to dislodge cells. We centrifuged the solution at 14000 rpm for 10 minutes and resuspended the pellet in 100 L of supernatant. We extracted DNA from the pellet by using the Ultra Clean Soil DNA Kit (MoBio, Carlsbad, California) according to the manufacturer's instructions. We eluted DNA from silica columns in a 150-L volume buffer. We performed sham digests by using a swab without human contact with each round of DNA extraction (every 10 to 25 samples) to control for possible contamination from kit reagents or collection swabs. We developed bacterium-specific PCR assays to detect species-specific regions of the 16S rRNA gene. We aligned 16S rDNA sequences from vaginal bacteria detected by broad-range 16S rDNA PCR assays (22). We designed primers to target highly variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene that seem to be unique for each species. We developed PCR assays for 17 bacterial species that were commonly detected in vaginal samples (23). Each 50-L PCR reaction contained 1PCR Buffer II, 2 mmol of magnesium chloride, 0.8 mmol of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate mix, and 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase (all from Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California), as well as 0.2 mol each of forward and reverse primer and 1 L of template DNA. The PCR conditions included a premelt at 95C for 10 minutes, then 40 to 45 cycles of 95C for 30 seconds (melt), 53C to 62C for 30 seconds (annealing), and 72C for 30 seconds (extension), followed by a final extension at 72C for 7 minutes. We visualized PCR products after electrophoresis in 2% agarose gels and stained them with ethidium bromide. We optimized bacterial PCR assays so that each could detect as few as 100 molecules of cloned 16S rDNA per reaction, although most assays could detect 1 to 10 molecules and thus had even lower detection thresholds. We sequenced every PCR assay with a visible band of the expected size on gel electrophoresis (BigDye, version 3; Applied Biosystems) to confirm that the PCR product had at least 99% similarity with the expected bacterial target, thereby assuring bacterial specificity. We considered PCR reactions to be negative if they did not have visible bands on gel electrophoresis or confirmed sequence homology. We ran no-template PCR controls (consisting of master mix, primers, and water) and sham digest controls (template consisting of water subjected to DNA extraction) with each PCR assay to monitor for contamination. We subjected each participant's extracted DNA to a human -globin PCR assay to assure that amplifiable DNA was successfully extracted from the sample and to monitor for PCR inhibitors (24). The -globin PCR protocol used is the same as that listed for bacterial PCR, with the exception that the following primers were used: GH2O-5-GAAGAGCCAAGGACAGGTAC-3 and PCO4-5-CAACTTCATCCACGTTCACC-3. In addition, we performed an internal amplification control quantitative PCR assay by using DNA from each vaginal sample to detect more subtle PCR inhibitors by monitoring the amplification of an exogenously added template (jellyfish aequorin


This article introduces the action of ash separator on vacuum system, dust handling mechanism and procedure of that; and details the dust handling technology for the vacuum system of single crystal growing furnace.


A freeze-dry method where cold absolute ethanol is used as a dehydrating agent in place of vacuum dehydration has been applied to various plant materials with good cytological results. The method involves: (a) freezing rapidly small pieces of tissue 1 cubic mm or less in partly frozen isopentane cooled with liquid nitrogen, (b) transferring quickly to vials of cold absolute ethanol at -41° to -45°C, and (c) holding within this temperature range for 3 days to dissolve the ice. A simply constructed cryostat is used to maintain the vials of absolute alcohol and tissue at the cold temperature. This consists of a semi-frozen constant temperature bath of either 65% ethanol or pure diethyl oxalate in a tightly covered beaker which fits within a large dewar flask half filled with dry ice. The bath is arranged so that it will be on top of and in contact with the dry ice but properly insulated to prevent freezing completely.The resulting dried tissue is very unstable in either water or hot absolute ethanol; therefo...


Author(s): Mann, Kevin | Advisor(s): Scott, Kristin | Abstract: How animals generate stable, appropriate decisions in a noisy sensory environment is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Animals must correctly appraise the sensory world, taking into account their internal state and previous experiences. Feeding behavior in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an ideal model system to investigate the neural basis of decision-making. While feeding initiation in Drosophila is mostly described as the simple product of the palatability of a given substance, this behavioral decision is actually quite complex and is influenced by sensory stimuli, internal states, prior encounters, and other factors. As with other animals, feeding behavior in the fruit fly is likely influenced by the commitment to other behaviors, as the engagement in one behavior typically suppresses the initiation of others. The first part of this thesis describes the interaction between two mutually exclusive behaviors in the fly, feeding and locomotion. This study characterizes a single pair of interneurons in the nerve cord of the fly that mediates the suppression of feeding initiation by locomotion. These neurons are activated by mechanosensory input from the legs of the fly and suppress feeding initiation through the inhibition of the proboscis extension response. This work shows that these behaviors are indeed mutually exclusive and identifies a single pair of neurons that mediates part of this interaction. The second part of this thesis attempts to place these proboscis extension-inhibiting neurons in the larger context of the feeding circuit. Anatomical, functional, and behavioral experiments identify potential synaptic partners with these neurons as well as other, as of yet unidentified, neurons that modulate feeding initiation in the fly. This work identifies candidate neurons that influence feeding decisions in Drosophila, and provides a starting point for the characterization of neurons in the Drosophila feeding circuit.


See related article, pages 2660–2664

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with a very poor outcome: 40% of patients will die within the first month, and two thirds of survivors will never regain independency.1 To date, there is no specific treatment beyond supportive medical care. Recently, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) was tested in phase 2 trials in ICH patients:2,3 the results of the largest phase II trial are encouraging in terms of safety issues and open a new area for the management of ICH because this trial provides some efficacy data.2

In this issue of Stroke , Flaherty et al4 discuss the potential applicability of rFVIIa in a population-based registry of ICH and suggest that 13.1% to 17.5% of patients with primary ICH may be …


In the prisoners' dilemma game, the only evolutionary stable strategy is defection, even though nutual cooperation yields a higher payoff. Building on a paper by Robson (1990), we introduce mutants who have the ability to send a (costly) signal, i.e., the "secret handshake," before each round of the game and to condition their actions on whether or not they observe the same signal from their opponent. A population playing the strategy "always defect" is vulnerable to secret handshake mutants who cooperate when they meet other secret handshakers and defect against tother opponents. However, these secret handshakers are in turn vulberable ot a second round of mutants who imitate the secret handshake and then defect against all opponents. But now a new group of secret handshakers with a different secret handshake can arise. Thus, play can cycle between cooperation and defection. We study the dynamics of that cycling. We show that in the limit, as the probability of mutation goes to zero, cooperation occurs on average half the time. Using simulations to study the implications of our model when the mutation probability is larger than zero, we find that it is possible for cooperation to be sustained for long periods. In general, cooperation is favored when mutual cooperation has aj large payoff advantage over mutual defection, and when the payoff advantage of unilateral defection is small. Surprisingly, however, there are cases where an increased payoff to unilateral defection actually raises the level of cooperation.


This research paper examines the impact of the Design Thinking process in cultivating creative confidence and encouraging empathy towards others. Our target group included students in general; Digital Engineering students in particular. This research reports on the finding gauged from two Design Thinking workshops that took place at the HPI D-School in 2017 and 2018. We applied the Competency Based Creative Agency Scale, a self-reported scale, to evaluate the participants' creative self-efficacy and perception of their own creative capacity.


A novel wide band high power recycling approach has been developed. The design is optimized for high efficiency, high isolation, and minimal number of ferrite cores. The combiner part includes an effective flux canceling circuitry to significantly improve its inter-modulation distortion performance, and the isolating resistors can be replaced by an efficient RF to DC conversion circuitry. The recycling combiner has been successfully fabricated, tested, and full performance evaluation have been carried out. This combiner allows portion of the wasted components of the signal to be reused by the power supply; thus the over all efficiency of the wide band outphasing power amplifier can be improved.


This study took the current research status of water balance in the Poyang Lake area and previous research experiences as reference to explore the analysis method of universal significance on water balance, focused on the research of different standard problems on water balance, and found out the criterion and standard of hydrologic balance. The reasons and level of the influences on water balance were analyzed based on combining the terrain and lake water systems, and the flow characteristics and hydrological survey status. Finally, according to different affecting factors and types of data, reasonable water yield series were obtained through carrying out different methods to revise the imbalance problems. Boyang River basin of the Poyang Lake area was selected as typical basin to be analyzed in details, and considerable results were obtained.


The main research results of operation monitoring hardware system design of Hanjiatuo Yangtze River Bridge are introduced. Firstly, the content and method of the system are illustrated, and then, overall composition and functions are introduced. The system consists of four subsystems, including sensor system, real time monitoring system, electric power system and grounding system, which are described in detail, and the importance of the last two systems are emphasized.


This paper aims to discuss the ways in which urban planning and the production of urban space reproduce patriarchal and sexist norms, particularly affecting the urban experience of women. From the concept of gender coloniality, conceived by Maria Lugones (2014), and the defense of margin as a place of radical openness by Bell Hooks (1990), I propose a discussion about the possibilities of resistance in women's urban daily life. In order to do it, I use data produced between 2014 and 2016, during my master's research, which focused on observing the urban routes of seven women who work as housekeepers and who live in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil), in an attempt to understand aspects of the relationship of these women with urban space. In particular, I approach urban mobility and the resistances undertaken by these women in their everyday lives.


Once you have applied the survey to the different users that has the National Corporation for Telecommunications - Agency El Empalme, it was possible to prove that the actions taken by the authorities responsible for the administrative and financial management of the entity, directly contribute to the good service we offer. The National Corporation for Telecommunications - Agency El Empalme, maintains policies, programs and business strategies for the development of the daily activities, which allows you to measure the level of compliance with organizational objectives. The financial and administrative management corporation that develops the National Telecommunications Agency - The Splice, has succeeded in greatly promote the economic and financial development of the entity at the macro level. Therefore, I propose the following: the administration shall be constantly evaluating the performance of each staff member who works in the National Corporation for Telecommunications - Agency The Splice, in such a way as to improve the service provided to users attending the company which is looking for a service or technical requirement; in addition, managers need to implement a strategic organizational model that enables them to measure the level of compliance with the objectives and strategic policy proposals, for the benefit of the sustainable growth and sustainable company; on the other hand, those responsible for financial management, must establish a follow-up model of the monthly budget of expenditures and projected sales, with the purpose of obtaining results that maximize the profits of this entity accounting


This paper presents a method of measuring intermodulation distortion produced by a nonlinear system operating in the audio-frequency spectrum. The design of the measuring device is based upon the Hall principle. Transistorized circuitry is used throughout. Both the circuitry employed and the theory of operation are discussed. The instrument is simple to operate and permits the measurement of intermodulation distortion at any frequency on a point-by-point basis within the range of 400 to 20,000 cps. Distortion measurements may be made in two ranges; zero to one per cent and zero to five per cent.