The Crown Heights riot of August 1991 was one of the most serious incidents of antisemitism in American history. It took place in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, the worldwide center of the Lubavitch Hasidic movement, and lasted for three days. The riot was precipitated by an automobile accident involving a motorcade carrying the Lubavitcher rebbe back from one of his periodic trips to the Lubavitch cemetery in the borough of Queens. The accident killed a young boy named Gavin Cato and injured his cousin Angelina. The riot terrorized and traumatized the 20,000 Lubavitchers of Crown Heights. Yankel Rosenbaum, a Lubavitcher from Australia living temporarily in Crown Heights, was murdered; Bracha Estrin, a Lubavitch survivor of the Holocaust, committed suicide; six stores were looted; 152 police officers and 38 civilians claimed to have been injured; 27 police vehicles were damaged or destroyed; and 129 persons were arrested.1 While the property damage and the number of killed and injured were small compared to other riots in American history, they did not appear so to contemporaries. The extensive attention the riot received was due in part to the fact that it occurred in the media center of America, if not of the world. The riot was preceded by two other events in 1991 which, along with the riot, seemed to indicate that the liberal political alliance between blacks and Jews was unraveling and that a new chapter in the history of black-Jewish relations and of New York City had opened. The first of these was the publication of the first volume of the Nation of Islam's Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, which emphasizes the involvement of Jews in the slave trade and slavery. The second was a much-discussed speech in Albany in 1991 by Leonard Jeffries, a professor at City College of The City University of New York. He accused Jews of having controlled the slave trade and of subjecting blacks to derogatory stereotyping through their control of the mass media, particularly Hollywood. Jeffries' speech created an uproar in


In 1985, the authors published a study of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen that was then considered intensive. Ten years later, the authors reanalyzed the same cohort to determine whether the very promising actuarial results observed at 5 years held after longer follow‐up.


A game cartridge includes instructions designed to transform a state-of-the-art game player device into a platform for numerous pay television-related services and offerings. In one aspect the systems and methods described may include the leveraging of emerging state-of-the-art and highly secure game players to create applications targeted toward Pay Television subscribers. The system may generate a log configured to create a user profile based upon previous tendencies of the user. The log may be used to recommend offerings for products or services to the user.


We have treated the 846 cases of febrile convulsion in children from 1976~1996,make up 5.22 per cent of corresponding period the inpatients.The male is 541 cases,and female is 305 cases,the ratio is 1.77∶1.The highest fall ill season was 7~9 month,the next was 1~3 months.Before and after convulsions the body temperature was 38℃~40℃.General disease was respiratory system's disease that caused the FC.The smallest age of first seisure is 40 days,and the largest age is 7 years and 10 months.The marjor seisure type is generaltonic clonic seizures,and second is tonic seizures.The shortest time of convulsion continued was a few seconds,and the longest time of convulsion continued was two hours.In treatment,suppling glucose,correcting acidosis,intracranial perssure,improving cerebral anoxia and protected the brain cell which was a significant measure.That should be used phenobarbitone and other's synthetical measures prevent recurrence of the convulsion.It should use antipyretic or physical measure to drop body temperature in time.


In this paper, we study the inflationary scenario in logarithmic f(R) gravity, where the rate of inflation roll is constant. On the other hand, our gravitational f(R) model is a polynomial plus a logarithmic term. We take advantage of constant-roll conditions and investigate the cosmic evolution of the logarithmic f(R) gravity. We present a numerical and a graphical study using the model parameters. Additionally, we obtain the corresponding potential by using the constant-roll condition. We obtain the exact value of the potential satisfying the constant-roll conditions. Next, we challenge it with refined swampland conjecture with respect to the Planck data. Finally, we compare our results with the latest observable data.


This paper focuses on the reduction of administrative burdens in Slovenia and how these actions can influence the competitiveness of business. The aim of the paper is to study and analyse the current situation in the field of Slovenian regulations and the disadvantages of the regulations for businesses, to study the possibilities for reducing administrative burdens in Slovenia and to analyse the influence of cross-border cooperation on the reduction of administrative burdens. The paper first describes the regulations and their impact on the competitiveness of business using the data from different international studies that include business environment and competitiveness and by using the results of the research carried out in Slovenia on defining the most burdensome areas of legislation. The paper continues by discussing the reduction of administrative burdens, where the Programme for the Elimination of Administrative Barriers and the Reduction of Administrative Burdens by 25% by 2012 is introduced. The third part of the paper describes the possible connection between the reduction of administrative burdens and cross-border cooperation by introducing the results of a cross-national empirical survey of the current situation and future potentials of cross-border cooperation in the Alps-Adriatic region. At the end, the paper gives some conclusions on the reduction of administrative burdens and the resulting impact on business competitiveness in Slovenia.


This paper discusses how simulation models based on game-theoretic foundations can be used to arrive at an estimate of the net benefits of the merger control legislation. We illustrate our method using the Dutch new merger control legislation that was introduced in 1998. We analyse the effects of proposed mergers in four markets where 26 firms are operating and use a sample period of 5 years. Based on the results of these cases and using a cost benefit analysis, we estimate the net benefits of Dutch merger control at about a little more than 100 million a year during the first five years of merger control in The Netherlands.


Five contractors located on or near the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State support technical communications staffs, all trying to meet the needs of one primary customer the U.S. Department of Energy. Historically, these staffs have maintained different processes and standards with regard to document production, and little interaction or information-sharing has occurred. To begin remedying that situation, the communications staff of Pacific Northwest Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory located in Richland, Wash., planned and hosted a one-day {open_quotes}Quest for Quality{close_quotes} seminar. The seminar was the first of its kind to comprise technical communications professionals from all the local DOE prime contractors, including technical editors and writers, publications assistants, text processors, and document production staff. The goals of the seminar were to identify ways to improve the quality of Hanford`s communication products and processes, to strengthen ties among technical communications staffs, and to open the lines of communication for future collaborative efforts. An eight-person committee selected topics, arranged facilities, recruited speakers, coordinated activities, hosted the seminar, and prepared proceedings.


To elucidate the metabolism of mouse testis and epididymis,this paper studies TDI in vivo and main metabolite of mouse testis and epididymisadded TDI by HPLC.After incubated(1.5 h),the total recovery of TDI was 96%.The metabolism of mouse testis and epididymis was toxic,which give the evidences to the toxicity effects of TDI on the reproductive systems.


To control the stability of the lysine acetylsalicylate compound (LAS) in aqueous solution, some studies of the hydronium ion-catalyzed, hydroxide ion-catalyzed, and spontaneous reactions of this active ingredient in water solutions have been carried out. The pH-rate profile (log kobs = f(pH)), shows that the hydrolysis reaction of the LAS, is conducted by a catalysis acid-base mechanism, with multiple reaction pathways. The rate constants, kH, kOH and k0 to the reaction pathways catalyzed by H3O+, HO– ions and to the spontaneous reaction, for the hydrolysis reaction of the reagent LAS, were determined. The results show that the studied compound LAS is unstable in basic medium and the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by HO– ions is predominant.For a known acidity (pH ≈ 10), studies conducted for different temperatures of the medium, clearly indicate, that the experimental rate constant kobs,depends on the temperature according to the Arrhenius equation. The activation parameters: activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH≠) and entropy (ΔS≠), for the transition state were determined, The very negative value obtained for the activation parameter ΔS*, first indicates that in the transition state there is gain in order, then this late state, resembles the products and that probably for the mechanism of the LAS hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by HO– ions, the rate-determining step is a bimolecular reaction. Finally from all these results, the mechanism for the reaction pathway catalyzed by HO– ions has been elucidated.


Diabetes is coupled with hyperglycemia, a state in which elevated glucose levels trigger oxidative stress (OS) in various body functions. One of the organs most afflicted by diabetes is the kidney. Despite this, specific treatments to mitigate the harmful effects of hyperglycemia-induced OS in the kidney have not been extensively explored. This study evaluates the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of magnesium-enhanced alkaline-reduced water (MARW) in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. OS, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and fibrosis markers were assessed in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells, followed by treatment with experimental water for 24 h. Surprisingly, MARW rescued the vitality of HG-induced HK-2 cells, in contrast to that seen with other experimental waters. Additionally, MARW maintained reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, hepatocyte growth factor and glucose uptake in HG-induced HK-2 cells but not in tap water and mineral water. Similarly, MARW downregulated the expression of MAPK and fibrosis-linked signaling proteins such as p-p38, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, α-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and cleaved caspase 3 in HG-induced HK-2 cells. In conclusion, MARW protects HK-2 cells from the deleterious effects of HG by stabilizing antioxidant defenses and by signaling cascades related to metabolism, apoptosis and fibrosis.


In the past few years, we have seen the rising popularity of multi-core systems, including the 4, 6, and 8-cores present in i7 processors from Intel, and the 8 and 12 cores present in Magny-Cours processors from AMD. There is a general trend that newer processors have more and more number of cores. A study [6] showed that, in data centers, the CPU load is around 10-50%; thus, when multi-core processors are used in data centers, many of the cores will be unused for a majority of the time. Such a scenario is also true for a casual desktop PC user. As an idle core still consumes energy, from the perspective of saving energy, it is important to ensure that the idle cores are put in the lowest energy state and unnecessary wakeups for these idle cores are avoided. This will ensure the lowest energy consumption for a given set of tasks.
 The precursor step towards developing an energy efficient CPU scheduler requires an understanding of the relation between the type of tasks and their corresponding power profile. In this paper, we show that the power profile of a task is dependent on the type of processor cycles executed by the task. We further develop a model that can predict the power consumption based on the processor cycles executed by the task. We conclude our paper showing initial results on how such a model can be used to schedule tasks and save energy.


There seems to be much difference of opinion in the minds of mycologists as to the taxonomic status of the genus Godronia and its close allies. Far be it from the present writer to attempt to solve all the intricate nomenclatural problems involved but perhaps it is not out of place at this time for us to make our little contribution to the confusion already existing in an effort to bring together all the facts as viewed by a taxonomist. The genus Godronia was founded by J. B. Mougeot (Consid. Gen. Veg. Vosges 355. 1845) and based on G. Muhlenbeckii, a species which seems not to be very well known. The characters of the genus however were well defined. Several years later the genus Crumenula was proposed by DeNotaris (Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital. 1: 363. 1863) based on Peziza Urceolus Alb. & Schw. In 1885 Karsten (Acta Fauna Fl. Fenn. 2: 143) made Crumenula a synonym of Godronia. Rehm (Rab. Krypt.-Fl. 13: 237. 1896) retains both genera but transfers the type of Crumenula to Godronia, a procedure which would not be sanctioned under present day rules and practices. From that day on Peziza Urceolus has been regarded as the type of the genus Godronia. Those who have attempted to keep the two genera Crumenula and Godronia segregate them on the fact that the former has apothecia with a slightly tomentose or hairy exterior, while in the latter they are smooth, a character which would not appear to be of great importance. In 1863 DeNotaris also established the genus Scleroderris (Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital. 1: 383), based on Peziza ribesia Pers. At the present time mycologists are generally agreed that Godronia and Scleroderris


Several factors may contribute to on-going challenges for spatial planning and policy in megacities such as Rome, including rapid population shifts, poorly organized areas, and lack of data through which monitoring urban growth and land use change. This research was conducted to examine past and current effects of the urbanization process, occurred over the large Roman urban system, on the basis of multi-source and multi-temporal optical remote sensing (RS) data, collected between 1990 and 2013. These changes were then validated via Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, in a particular procedure applied to urban land/agricultural transformations. The proposed approach, based on geo-statistical methods, was used to calculate the index of innovative space (AP Index), useful for the monitoring of the urban sprawl phenomenon. Strong evidence of urban expansion over the north-eastern quarter of the city, accompanied by environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity, is provided. Urban infill developments are expected to emerge in the south-eastern areas too, and these might increase urban pressure as well. In conclusion, RS and GIS technologies together with ancillary data can be used to assist decision makers in preparing future plans to find out appropriate solutions to urbanization encroachment.


Abdominal pain in a pediatric patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can be mistaken for surgical or septic causes of acute abdomen. Both DKA and surgical abdominal emergencies can cause lactic acidosis (LA), which makes it challenging to differentiate between them. Fluid therapy resulting in quick alleviation of metabolic acidosis could be a valuable sign in differentiating surgical abdomen from DKA. In this report, we present a case of the surgical abdomen with stress hyperglycemia that mimicked DKA.


Let G be a graph and let V0 = {νe V(G): dG(ν) = 6}. We show in this paper that: (i) if G is a 6-connected line graph and if |V0| ≤ 29 or G[V0] contains at most 5 vertex disjoint K4's, then G is Hamilton-connected; (ii) every 8-connected claw-free graph is Hamilton-connected. Several related results known before are generalized. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory


Road facilities with a service life of more than 30 years are expected to triple in the next ten years. The seismic performance of road facilities should be reviewed with consideration of the "Common Application of Seismic Design Standards" issued by Korea's Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2017. These standards should be applied to all existing road facilities, including retrofitted or seismic-designed facilities, for evaluating seismic performance. In order to manage seismic performance for a large number of facilities, decision-support technology that can provide economic and reliable results is needed. However, the indices method currently used in Korea is a deterministic method, and the seismic performance of individual facilities is evaluated based on qualitative indices so that only retrofitting among road facilities is prioritized. In turn, with the indices method, it is difficult to support decisions other than the decision to prioritize retrofitting. Therefore, it is necessary to use the seismic risk assessment method to overcome such shortcomings and provide useful information such as direct loss, indirect socio-economic loss, and benefit of the investment.


This paper describes the successful replacement of Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) by Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) to guarantee flow assurance in the Shwe field subsea production system, offshore Myanmar. It covers the initial difficulties experienced with MEG, specific field conditions, the comprehensive KHI selection process and testing up to field application and operation.

 MEG used for hydrate inhibition in the field's subsea flowline was originally regenerated in the topside facility, however contamination of the MEG with salts from formation water was causing process upsets. The option of installing a reclamation package presented many challenges and, after review of field conditions, the application of a KHI was considered as a promising alternative to MEG. With the engagement of specialist chemical suppliers a broad and challenging series of laboratory, as well as field tests, was carried out to select a suitable product. Finally a dedicated permanent injection skid was installed to guarantee stable KHI delivery and production.

 The difficulties caused by salt contamination of the MEG system, combined with the intricate field logistics at the remote site offshore Myanmar, entailed a speedy solution. This combined with suitable operating parameters of the field; i.e. low water content, high wellhead flowing temperatures, subcooling within known KHI operating range, ensured KHI was an economical solution.
 Nevertheless from desktop study to successful field application a series hurdles had to be crossed, including performance and compatibility tests, simulating all the expected Shwe Offshore Platform (SHP) operating conditions: Determination of Hydrate Equilibrium Temperature (HET); Induction Time Autoclave test for the required residence time in the presence of Corrosion Inhibitor (CI); Hot Injection ests at wellhead operating temperature; Thermal stability tests for topsides and condensate disposal system; Umbilical material compatibility tests; Compatibility of KHI with incumbent products (MEG and CI).
 Testing of a range of products, carried out by specialist chemical supplier, resulted in the selection of a qualified product, followed by a successful field application testing programme.
 Seven years after its introduction, KHI has helped achieve optimum field uptime and reduced operational costs as well as eased logistics constraints.

 KHI is not new to the Oil & Gas industry, however information on its selection and application is not widely available. This paper sheds light on the steps to be considered when evaluating KHI as a suitable hydrate inhibitor, as well as the detailed laboratory tests for proper selection of a product. The intent is to help operators who are facing challenges with hydrate inhibition and could revert to KHI as an alternative.


The growing body of literature dealing with the concept of constitutionalism is a reflection of a novel phenomenon observable in the rapid rise of transnational bodies, the expansion of the ambit of international law, and an increased obligation on the part of states to abide by international law and the decisions of transnational bodies. This development, which moves beyond the Westphalian model of ultimate state sovereignty in the international sphere, is exhibited in the cumulative coinage and use of transnational terminology like 'world order', 'global governance', 'global administrative law', and not least, 'globalisation'. In order to avoid chaos in terms of understanding this complex development, it is crucial to set out how the relationships and interactions operate at supranational levels. The constitutional perspective provides a cogent understanding and deep insight into the working of this development.


Elastin is the extracellular matrix component responsible for elastic recoil of tissues such as blood vessels, lung, and skin. In our efforts to produce biomaterials for tissue repair, an apparatus and method for processing hot alkali derived porcine carotid elastin was developed. The apparatus and method was designed to remove water and condense the elastin fibrous network to improve mechanical strength and handling of NaOH extracted elastin. To achieve this, a sample holder and process was devised to cure elastin conduits in humidity, and temperature controlled environment in a nitrogen gas enriched atmosphere. Our efforts resulted in a novel biomaterial with significantly improved mechanical properties compared to non-cure processed, hot alkali isolated elastin.


Temperature-dependent and time-resolved absorption measurements were carried out to understand the influence of solvent hydrogen bonding on the optical properties of bi-icosahedral [Au25(PPh3)10(C6S)5Cl2]2+ (bi-Au25) clusters. Theoretical calculations have shown a low energy absorption maximum that is dominated by the coupling of the two Au13 icosahedra, as well as a high energy absorption arising from the individual Au13 icosahedra that make up the bi-Au25 clusters. Temperature-dependent absorption measurements were carried out on bi-Au25 in aprotic (toluene) and protic (ethanol and 2-butanol) solvents to elucidate the cluster–solvent hydrogen bonding interactions. In toluene, both the low and high energy absorption bands shift to higher energies consistent with electron–phonon interactions. However, in the protic solvents, the low energy absorption shows a zigzag trend with decreasing temperature. In contrast, the high energy absorption in protic solvents shifts monotonically to higher energy similar to...


In this communication we describe the oxidative CC bond formation of tertiary amines with various nucleophiles under very mild and environmental friendly conditions by using mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) semiconductor as a heterogeneous, metal-free photosensitizer in combination with visible light and oxygen as the terminal oxidation agent. This system can be further combined with proline-organocatalysis to achieve oxidative tandem photocatalysis, demonstrating a rich cascade of chemical possibilities of the current photosynthesis system.


The fishery for common octopus,  Octopus  cf vulgaris , with polythene-made pots as fishing gear, began in the first  quarter of 2005 at Itarema county, Ceara State, and went on in the period January to April, 2006, of which four landings  were sampled and one fishing trip had a local observer. This paper was designed to yield information as to description of  fishing operations, fishing gear and craft, position and depth of fishing grounds, as well as data on total catch and catch  per unit effort, individual hood's length and total weight, and marketing. Fishing operations have been confined to a single  ground as yet and the fishery is thought to have a high growth potential if its economic feasibility is to be confirmed. The  low abundance indices though imply that it should not be taken as an alternative to the depleted lobster fishery, but rather  as a small-scale resource that so far has not shown a regular exploitation for the lack of adequate fishing technology.


The Discrete Fourier Transform is one of the fundamental operations in digital signal processing. This paper presents a software based implementation of the less known Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform on the PC x86 architecture and Microchip PIC30 microcontroller. The results are compared with an efficient/optimized Fast Fourier Transform implementation. Both algorithms require complex operations with real valued adders and multipliers, thus a complex result has to be calculated separately for the real and imaginary parts. During the implementation a floating-point number representation is applied. The comparison is performed based on the required resources and computational time.


Using interviews,production of the CAT courseware and teaching experiments,the teaching effect on the courseware of basic skills in volleyball was evaluated.The results indicate that teaching effect is significantly improved by the assistant of the courseware.The CAT in volleyball teaching is also coincident with the demands of the development of sports science.


Although the number of incubators, accelerators, co-working spaces and science parks is rapidly increasing around the world, little academic attention has been paid to the start-up communities that these initiatives create. This paper responds to recently made calls for in-depth research into this growing phenomenon, by qualitatively studying the benefits that start-up communities offer to entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, and start-ups. We study the start-up communities in three cities in Australia, a country that has seen a rapid growth in entrepreneurial activity. A total of 53 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and community managers, such as incubatoror co-working space manager. For the entrepreneurial ecosystem, we found communities to create legitimacy, and to attract new stakeholders. Communities were found to provide entrepreneurs with an inspiring environment, a shared sense of belonging, encouragement and ambition. For start-ups, the community is a source of both tangible and intangible resources. We also found multiple risks to be associated with start-up communities, as it can be difficult for entrepreneurs to stay focused, maintain a work-life balance, protect the start-up?s IP, and create a unique company culture. The benefits and risks associated with the community were found to be conditional to the community?s size and diversity. Finally, we found incubators and co-working spaces to influence these conditions, by introducing community managers and selection processes, thereby creating optimal circumstances for start-up communities to prosper.


The war in Ukraine may hinder the economic recovery of Europe. The Russian invasion has caused a large-scale humanitarian crisis - almost seven million Ukrainians have left the country. The conflict and related sanctions have disrupted the region's exports of goods such as metals, food, oil and gas, pushing inflation to levels unseen for decades. Real economic growth in the European Union is expected to fall well below 3% in 2022, down from the 4% estimated by the European Commission before the war. Further trade disruptions or increased economic sanctions could plunge the European economy into recession. The slowdown in growth is particularly noticeable in the countries that are in close proximity to Ukraine, Poland and Hungary – countries that also host large numbers of Ukrainian refugees. Poland plays the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, with an estimated 3.5 million people who arrived in Poland between 24 February and midMay 2022. This is due not only to the geographical factor (shared border), but also to the long-standing tradition of labor migration between Ukraine and Poland. Despite this, the unprecedented flow of war refugees clearly raises questions about future events and problems related to the stay of Ukrainian citizens in Poland. In this article, we have estimated the possible future number of immigrants from Ukraine to other countries, and in particular to Poland, and pointed out the related problems. The presented scenarios indicate that regardless of the developments on the front line, it should be taken into account that the number of immigrants from Ukraine to Poland would be significantly higher in the coming months (or possibly years) than at the beginning of 2022, and this creates certain problems for public services and public institutions in Poland. Forecasting the future situation according to the pessimistic scenario predicts the continuation of the conflict with varying intensity over the next few years. This will mean that large parts of Ukraine will still be at risk for the next 18 months. This will lead to a constant flow of refugees as well as economic migrants to Poland. In addition, it is predicted that the ban on leaving Ukraine for men aged 18-60 will be significantly liberalized or even abolished. According to the pessimistic scenario, about 3.1 million Ukrainians will live in Poland in the medium term (economic migrants who arrived in Poland before the start of the war and refugees from the war). According to the optimistic scenario, a quick conclusion of peace is expected, which will stabilize the situation in the near term, and will bring relatively favorable conditions for Ukraine (territorial, reparations, the possibility of joining the EU, etc.) in the medium and long term. This could lead to a relatively large reduction (within 12 months after the signing of the peace agreement) in the number of women and children, a certain outflow of men (including those who lived in Poland in the pre-war period).


As a public health expert, I feel excited about what I have seen like a trend of a strengthening position of public health. Hopefully this is not only for a short sightedness of a public health expert but also according to my perception the impact of public health on public policies at European or national levels has increased. Unfortunately, a part of this increase may be due to recent misfortunes and risks of disasters, which have given concrete faces for potential public health hazards. The list of these shocks is uncomfortably long; climate change, avian flu, product safety failures, HIV, SARS, mortality crisis of the 1990s in East Europe and so on.

It is unfortunate that we have needed these real or potential catastrophes, which have in some cases brought around immense individual misery and which could have been mitigated if not prevented through effective public health systems, to make the value of public health work tangible.

Public health has not only progressed through dangers and threats but also it seems that the positive impact of initiatives by public health people has also been realized better than before. Just to give two simple examples: many European countries have banned smoking in public places and even in pubs and restaurants. Similarly, an increasing number of European governments is ready to take national and intergovernmental measures to reduce harms from alcohol use. These are breakthroughs which were unimaginable when I started my public health career about 20 years ago. It took a long time but the champions of public health have really made a difference and showed that with assertive persistence it is possible to achieve nearly anything.

While new tobacco and alcohol policies are important, there are also other signs of strengthening public health. Both WHO and EU as well as …


Each of the three feature articles in this issue of The Journal of Clinical Ethics provides data that raise critical questions regarding the relationship between empirical findings and normative ethics. In "Physicians' Quantitative Assessments of Medical Futility," S. Van McCrary et al . find that doctors' judgments regarding futile treatments vary widely. How this disparity should affect the way clinicians practice is the subject of subsequent debate. In "Informed Consent to Amnestics," Maxwell J. Mehlman et al. cite the literature and personal experiences to explore the possibility that even when patients are fully anesthetized, they may feel pain. If this effect occurs, such patients may show no evidence that they are experiencing pain, and after the anesthesia wears off, they may not consciously recall that they have felt it. Whether this phenomenon occurs is open to question, but several different kinds of studies make this possibility difficult to dismiss. For example, rats with flat electroencephalograms induced by a drug were conditioned by auditory stimuli to experience fear. 1 In another study, patients in an experimental context were placed under deep, presumably adequate anesthesia and then given frightening information. Later, under hypnosis, when asked what they heard, they recalled what was said and/or showed physiological signs indicating stress. 2 And another study reports that surgeons in nonexperimental settings made spontaneous, highly negative exclamations that were recorded. Following surgery, some of these patients had exceptionally bad results (for example, they took unprecedented time to heal or needed exorbitant pain medication), thus suggesting that they heard these surgeons' remarks and, in some manner, they understood them. 3


ABSTRACT We examine the stylized facts of eight forms of cryptocurrencies representing almost 70% of cryptocurrency market capitalization. In particular, the empirical results show that (1) there exists heavy tails for all the returns of cryptocurrencies; (2) the autocorrelations for returns decay quickly, while the autocorrelations for absolute returns decay slowly; (3) returns of cryptocurrencies display strong volatility clustering and leverage effects; (4) Hurst exponent for volatility is more volatile than that of the returns, while they all suggest the long-range dependence phenomena; and (5) there exists power-law correlation between price and volume.


Information technology plays an important role, both in the present and in the future. The Internet is one part of the development of information technology that has opened new horizons in human life. The Internet can be interpreted as an information and communication space that penetrates the boundaries between countries and accelerates the spread of science and simplifies all human activities. However, every positive side must have a negative side. The Internet applies in this case many crimes that can occur in cyberspace called cybercrime. Currently, we cannot feel the word "safe" in the cyber world. Various countermeasures that are considered effective are still being done to date, although not avoiding Cybercrime perpetrators, at least it can downplay the possibility of someone becoming one of the victims of Cybercrime or countermeasures when Cybercrime occurs. With so many emerging Cybercrime, a law is urgently required. The right laws and methods to prevent Cybercrime. Keyword s: Internet, Cyberspace, Cybercrime, Cyber, Law.


Recently discovered R2 Fe17Nx (R=rare earth, x∼3) compounds look promising as permanent‐magnet materials. The addition of N to R2Fe17 compounds almost doubles their Curie temperatures.1 It also give rise to uniaxial anisotropy in the Sm compound. We have performed spin‐polarized self‐consistent electronic structure calculations in order to understand the magnetic properties. Neutron diffraction and photoemission measurements are used to obtain information on nitrogen site occupancies and electronic structure. For Y2Fe17N3, the calculated site‐dependent Fe moments vary significantly from those for Y2Fe17 (up to ∼1.7 μB), and the total moment per cell agrees very well with experiment. The expansion of the lattice due to nitrogenation lowers the overlap among the Fe atoms in the ion‐only planes thereby increasing their magnetic moments. This leads to an increase in their interatomic exchange interactions and hence the Curie temperature. The Fe atoms in the vicinity of the N atoms overlap strongly with the la...


Increased nuclear size correlates with lower survival rates for prostate cancer and is a hallmark of late-stage androgen-insensitive tumors. The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family member DHRS7 was suggested as a marker for prostate cancer grading because it is lost in late-stage androgen-insensitive tumors. Here we find that loss of DHRS7 from the early-stage LNCaP prostate cancer cell line increases nuclear size, potentially explaining the nuclear size increase observed in higher-grade prostate tumors. Exogenous expression of DHRS7 in the late-stage PC3 prostate cancer cell line correspondingly decreases nuclear size. We separately tested 80 compounds from the Microsource Spectrum library for their ability to restore normal nuclear size to PC3 cells, finding estradiol propionate had the same effect as re-expression of DHRS7 in the PC3 cells. However, the drug had no effect on LNCaP cells or PC3 cells re-expressing DHRS7. We speculate that reported beneficial effects of estrogens in late-stage prostate cancer may target a pathway which is only active in cells lacking DHRS7 that have increased nuclear size and propose DHRS7 as a potential biomarker for the likely effectiveness of estrogen-based treatments.


AbstractThe granular mixtures between zero-valent iron (ZVI) and other materials (e.g. sand, pumice) have been recently proposed to overcome the problems (e.g. clogging) related to the use of ZVI alone in treatment systems such as permeable reactive barriers or individual potabilisation systems. This paper presents the results of the research activity, carried out by column tests, aimed at comparing the performance of a granular mixture between ZVI and pumice (weight ratio 30:70) and of pure ZVI for the individual and combined removal of CuII, NiII and ZnII. The specific objective was to verify the occurrence of phenomena of mutual interaction and/or competition among contaminants. In fact, although metal removal by ZVI has been extensively documented in the past, the great majority of studies examined either very simple systems (i.e. single metal solutions) or very complicated ones (e.g. real acid mine drainage). In both cases, and for different reasons, the occurrence of mutual interactions (positive or...


The article 52 verse (3), the Teacher and Lecturer's Act Number 14 Year 2005, says that a lecturer who works ina private Institution isgiven a payment base dont he work agreement or collective labor agreement. It shows that the private lecturer's payment will beregulated basically on the two party's agreement, the lecturerandthe private institution. Although there are some provisions that regulate about the payment'details from the Act, some questions will come up In the legal protection to the private lecturer in getting good payment, for example "howisthe payment regulation based on the work agreement?", "howisthe protection to the private lecturer's payment?"


This paper is proposed to research the carbon deposit in steam-hydrocarbon reforming, which mainly determines the life of catalysts. Steam to carbon ratio was varied in range from the ratio larger than theoretical value of thermodynamics to the ratio smaller than operation value of industry. The effect of or gas in raw feed gas to carbon deposit was examined. The component and structure of deposited carbon was analyzed by IR and EMS. The following results were obtained. 1) The or gas in raw feed gas does not effect on the activity of catalyst. 2) The or gas in raw feed gas constrains carbon deposit. 3) The structure of carbon deposited in the reaction is different from those deposited in the reaction and the reaction.


The present study is aimed at finding the influence of silymarin (a flavonoid) (25 mg/kg & 50 mg/kg) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg) to 3 days old rat pups. Silymarin was administered for 15 days after the animals were confirmed diabetic (75 days after STZ injection). Blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid peroxides (LPO) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents in pancreas and liver were estimated following the established procedures. Biochemical observations were further substantiated with histological examination of pancreas. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels, which were elevated by STZ, were lowered to physiological levels by the administration of silymarin. The levels of LPO were significantly increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Silymarin reduced the LPO levels in both pancreas and liver. GSH contents which were reduced significantly in pancreas and liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats were brought back to near normal levels by silymarin treatment. Multifocal necrotic and degenerative changes of pancreas in STZ-diabetic rats were minimized to near normal morphology by administration of silymarin as evident by histopathological examination. Silymarin showed a dose dependent protective effect on STZ-induced β-cell damage. It could be attributed to the antioxidative and free radicals scavenging properties of the flavonoid. Thus, it may be considered as a natural antioxidant with potential therapeutic application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis belongs to the high-grade crab varieties, which is of good quality, big size, convenient transport, and good taste, but a serious shortage of production. It is very important to establish a model for estimating the natural production potential of E. sinensis in lake, confirming the stocking rate, and stabilizing E. sinensis production. This paper based on author's experiment about stocking E. sinensis in Datong Lake, Hunan Province for twenty years. Combining grey forecast theory, we presents two estimate model: the crab's natural potential productivity:W=[B1K1C1/R1+B2K2C2/R2]·(B1+B2)2/B12+B2,and crab species volume:W0=P0[B1K1C1/R1+B2K2C2/R2]·U/P.Then seek confirmation in the production practice. The result is in accordance with the practice. The estimated results can be taken as the direction for guiding E. sinensis production.


Abstract The hugely popular proto-Ottoman television serial Resurrection Ertuğrul (Diriliş Ertuğrul, 2014–) is the culmination of a series of attempts by Turkish government broadcaster TRT to produce a historical drama in line with the values of the governing AKP. Far from being confined to the television screen, Resurrection is called upon by the government for multiple extra-textual engagements with the public. This essay traces some of the ways in which the serial has been used instrumentally by the AKP, blurring traditional distinctions between entertainment and official (state sanctioned) history, and intervening in political discourse. It first introduces the notion of prescriptive activation to describe the extra-textual use of media texts by those in power for political ends. Next, it examines the trappings of death that surround Resurrection, suggesting that the serial partakes in a representational necropolitics that fetishizes death for the nation. Finally, it explores the stakes of such representation, turning to a case in which text-inspired and literal necropolitics converge.


ISSN: 2410-9649 Al-a'qarbeh et al / Chemistry International 6(2) (2020) 49-55 iscientic.org. 50 www.bosaljournals/chemint/ firstname.lastname@example.com metakaloinite (Essomba et al., 2014), and calcined corncobkaolinite (Chukwuemeka-Okorie et al., 2018). The present research work aimed to modify raw Jordanian kaolin clay to Nano-platelets kaolinite for use as an efficient adsorbent for Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. It was found that platelets nano kaolinite exhibits high adsorption capacity for Pb (II)) ions from aqueous solutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS


The discovery of statins has provided a very effective approach in reducing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk as documented by the results obtained in clinical trials and in clinical practice and lead to the "motto" for LDL lowering approaches "the lower.... the better". Despite this, in high-risk and very high risk patients, the current efficacy of statins comes short of providing the benefit that could derive from a optimal reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and, as the elevated doses of statins required in these patients increase the risk of side effects, many patients do not achieve at the maximal tolerated dose the recommended goals for LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB. This clearly prompted in the last decade, the research towards the identification of new targets by re-evaluating key enzymes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and by taking advantage from the genetic insights deriving from large genome wide association studies. Some of these findings were quickly traduced in therapeutic options and as of the end of 2012 two molecules controlling liver lipoprotein synthesis, namely mipomersen and lomitapide were approved by the FDA and the EMA while antibodies blocking the activity of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and resulting in increased LDL-R efficiency entered phase III of clinical development.


Background: Senescence is defined as purely passive and chronologic process of the aging. Multiple changes in sensory, motor, and central nervous system integration due to aging and that interact to bring about noticeable changes in gait performance. CNS changes include loss of brain cells and altered level of production of the neurotransmitters resulting from the slow reaction time and deficit in motor control. In aging process there is a decrease in cognitive and physical function that leads to dependency and increase risk of fall. Cognitive decrement is the first key marker of the MCI and dementia. MCI may be changed to normal cognitive domain or delayed by using proper physiotherapy treatment protocol. TUG-DT screening tool is use in clinical practice for the early detection of impairment in cognitive function in elderly population. Objectives: To find out the correlation of cognition capacity with balance, gait measurements and dual task performance in elderly people. To identify the difference in balance, gait, dual task performance in elderly people between the preserved cognition and mild cognitive impairment.Method: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted. 128 people were assessed and 60 were included in study. All the neurological impaired, orthopaedics disorders, systemic illness elder people excluded from the study. The sample consisted of 30 preserve cognition, and 30 mild cognitive impairments. The cognition capacity was assessed by the MMSE at the educational level and stroop test. The assessment consisted of balance, gait (10mWT) and dual task in the preserved cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale. Result: The study show the statistically significant difference in 10mWT time, step width, velocity, isolated cognitive time, timed up and go test time, timed up and go test with dual task time, steps, cadence, error and hits/time (<0.05). The study show moderate positive correlation between the MMSE and balance (r= 0.476). Strong positive correlation found between the 10mWT time and the TUG-DT time (r= 0.511). Conclusion: Mild cognitive impairment people was show decrease in the execution of function, changes in the gait parameters, slower processing speed, more balance problem, and also slow reaction time than the preserved cognitive group people.


Pulsed THz imaging is a promising non-destructive technology based on its high transmission through selected dielectric materials and its capability to provide time-of-flight and spectral information. The traditional method of the pulsed THz imaging is a point-to-point reflective scanning system. The image is acquired by analyzing the peak amplitude information of the THz pulse in the time-domain at each pixel. It requires the THz beam or sample scanned. In this paper, we present our approach of large scale, focal plane THz wave imaging. In our 2-D focal plane THz wave imaging, the THz beam is expanded to be 60 mm in diameter. The THz beam illuminates the target in a reflective manner, in which a polyethylene lens projects the image onto a 40 mm by 40 mm by 2 mm ZnTe sensor crystal. The probe beam is expanded to be 40 mm in diameter and overlap with the THz beam on the sensor. The modulated probe beam profile carrying the image information is captured by a CCD camera. This technique enables us to view the objects which are optically opaque but transparent in THz frequency and shows feasibility in remote sensing, security inspection, and military defense applications.


A system dynamics model to investigate field service issues was developed for a major producer of equipment for semiconductor manufacturing. This strategic model has a broad scope and multi-year time horizon, and treats variables in an aggregate and deterministic way that is typical for such models. The high-level approach is adequate in most respects, but lacks the detail necessary to resolve a key issue regarding the impact of product crosstraining on service readiness. As a result, it proved useful to supplement the strategic 'macro' model with a 'micro', OR-type model that portrays the daily queuing and assignment of service jobs. The micro model provides detailed what-if results that were used for calibrating the strategic model and may also be used for making tactical manpower decisions at the local level. Traditional OR tools may have a role to play in supporting strategic modeling eAorts when important operations-level relationships are not adequately understood. Copyright * c 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 15, 139‐162, (1999) A system dynamics modeling project was undertaken by a major producer of diagnostic equipment used in semiconductor wafer fabrication. The company's many products include both simple machines requiring little maintenance and complex systems requiring more frequent maintenance. All products come with an initial warranty on parts and service, after which the customer has the option of continuing with a service contract. Customers often select service contracts for the more complex and essential pieces of equipment, for which downtime must be minimized and do-it-yourself repairs are diAcult at best. The company's new product sales have grown rapidly over the last several years, though they do follow the ups and downs of the semiconductor industry's persistent two-year business cycle. This overall growth in sales has led to robust growth in the installed base of equipment and similar expansion of the workforce of field service engineers. Although field service does not generate much for the company in the way of profits, it is nearly as important as product performance and competitive price are for the company's continued success in the marketplace. As the field service workforce has grown, its planning, organization, and management have taken on increasing complexity and significance for the company. (Richmond 1994 describes the inevitable evolution of a high-tech manufacturer from a primary sales focus to an increasing field-service focus). For example, while the workforce has always been segmented by local territory or hub, it has only recently been segmented by customer account as well. This action was taken so that major customers


Alkaloids based pharmaceutical products are mainly produced by some plants species and further proceeds to fermentation in bioreactors while due to some limitations; it's not a well defined way for alkaloids production. The most important alkaloids are benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, ergot alkaloids, quinoline alkaloids, monoterpene indole alkaloids, tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, phenylethylisoquinoline alkaloids, phenylethylamines alkaloids and pyrroloquinoline alkaloids. While endophytic fungi in plants are also good sources of alkaloids drugs, which showed excellent biological and medical properties including anticancer, insecticidal, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Now days, plant pathways, in order to generate alkaloid-derived pharmaceutical products, are introduced into microbes. Many genes coding for specific enzymes, involved in biosynthesis of alkaloids, are sequenced and introduce into microbes by recombinant DNA technology. In this review, we examine main sources of alkaloids based drugs and advance methods for their better production. Furthermore, we investigate challenges, which cause hindrance in microbial production of alkaloids-derived drugs that must be defeated.


The population's response to a public health emergency can mean the difference between an incident and a tragedy. As the community's health educators, public health agencies promote "productive behaviors" to avoid panic during anxiety-producing situations. The Rhode Island Department of Health used a social marketing approach to identify the public's "wants and needs" in anticipation of an emergency. The formative research included age and race/ethnicity-specific focus groups and in-depth interviews with representatives of agencies serving special populations to determine information needs, preferred formats, trusted sources, and other aspects of emergency preparedness. Program staff used this information to design and bulk mail an initial pre-intervention awareness flyer and, months later, a 32-page informational booklet called "Make a Kit, Make a Plan, Stay Informed." This "product" provided the population with three key preparedness behaviors out of the extensive range of options. Evaluation of the booklet indicated that an estimated 10% of the population changed their behavior by engaging in one of more of the preparedness activities. The authors conclude that social marketing provides a useful and systematic process for planning and implementing a project aimed at changing public health emergency preparedness behavior.


Throughout the developing world, citizens often rely on mechanisms other than the state's justice system to deal with crime. A common form of informal crime control is mob vigilantism, the physical punishment of criminal suspects by groups of ordinary citizens. This paper sheds light on the relationship between state capacity and citizens' willingness to rely on state rather than informal justice mechanisms. Citizens who perceive an increase in the capacity of state institutions may expect them to provide better enforcement services and may voluntarily substitute away from vigilantism. A more capable state may also have a greater ability to punish perpetrators of vigilante violence. I present results from a field experiment in South Africa that creates variation in the capacity of police to locate households. Findings from midand endline surveys suggest households exposed to an increase in police capacity became more willing to rely on police and less willing to resort to vigilantism. Results from a mechanism experiment point towards increased fear of state punishment for vigilante violence rather than improved service quality as the link between state capacity and vigilantism. ∗With sincere thanks to MeMeZa Shout Crime Prevention, especially Thuli Mthethwa, Elmarie Pereira and Herman de Jager, who have been fantastic implementing partners. Thank you also to the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) that provided funding for exploratory fieldwork. I am especially grateful to Donald P. Green for his support of this project. A huge thank you to all the hard-working enumerators, and especially to the talented Itumeleng Motshegoa for her excellent work as field manager. Special thanks go to Isadora Amaral for excellent support during the endline survey. Thank you also to Macartan Humphreys for his advice and feedback. For invaluable comments on earlier versions of this paper, my thanks also go to Thomas Leavitt, Georgiy Syunyaev, Tara Slough, David Stasavage, Kate Baldwin, Alexandra Hartman, Nicholas Rush Smith, John Huber, John Marshall, Alexandra Scacco as well as participants of the 2020 session of the Contemporary African Political Economy Research Seminar, the 14th session of the Northeast Workshop in Empirical Political Science, the Harvard Workshop on the Political Science of Lynching in Global Comparative Perspective, and the WGAPE 2020 Annual Meeting. Finally, I would like to thank Citizen Surveys for including some of my survey questions on vigilantism in the questionnaire of their 2018 nationally representative opinion survey in South Africa. This project received IRB approval from Columbia University (protocol AAAR6346). Pre-analysis plans and addenda can be found at http://egap.org/content/encouraging-cooperation-state-field-experiment-household-connections-police. †email@example.com Ph.D. Candidate, Columbia University.


Background: The linguistic framing strategies used in media reporting on illegal drugs have been extensively documented, but less attention has been directed toward visuals, particularly data visualizations. Literature review: Positioning illegal drug use as a criminal justice problem or a public health issue are types of frameworks that use specific rhetorical strategies. Research questions: 1. What are the rhetorical strategies used in data visualizations published during the crack and opioid drug epidemics, respectively? 2. Do these strategies advance dominant media narratives that crack addiction should be criminalized but opioid addiction should be treated like a public health issue? And if so, how is this accomplished? Methodology: Drawing from the media studies approach previously employed in a study in technical and professional communication (TPC) on information design trends, I apply the concept of "scripto-visual" rhetoric to select data visualizations published by mainstream news media during both drug epidemics. Results: I argue these graphics escalated the perceived threat during both drug epidemics but different scripto-visual rhetorical strategies were used. Conclusions: Attending to ethical considerations in the creation of data visualizations has long been important in TPC, while scholarship has integrated social justice as a core component of the discipline. In the last section of this article, I bring these themes together by arguing that a social justice ethic is needed in data design work. I then propose a critical heuristic constructed from Jones et al.'s positionality, privilege, and power framework that can be used analytically or as an inventional tool to tease out the ways particular scripto-visual rhetorical decisions may be promoting inequities.


The Right to be Forgotten gives a data owner the right to revoke their data from an entity storing it. In the context of federated learning, the Right to be Forgotten requires that, in addition to the data itself, any influence of the data on the FL model must disappear, a process we call "federated unlearning." The most straightforward and legitimate way to implement federated unlearning is to remove the revoked data and retrain the FL model from scratch. Yet the computational and time overhead associated with fully retraining FL models can be prohibitively expensive. In this article, we take the first step to comprehensively investigate the way to settle the unlearning paradigm in the context of federated learning. First, we define the problem of efficient federated unlearning, including its challenges and goals, and we identify three common types of federated unlearning requests: class unlearning, client unlearning, and sample unlearning. Based on those challenges and goals, a general pipeline is proposed for federated unlearning for the above three types of requests. We revisit how the training data affects the final FL model performance and thereby empowers the proposed framework with the reverse stochastic gradient ascent (SGA) and elastic weight consolidation (EWC). Various experiments are conducted to verify effectiveness of the proposed method in both aspects of unlearning efficacy and efficiency. We believe the proposed method will perform as an essential component for future machine unlearning systems.


The resistance to abrasion during handling and transport has been determined for only a few fruit and vegetables under limited conditions. A method was developed to assess surface abrasion of whole watermelon using an Instron testing machine and a friction apparatus. Abrasion tests were conducted on two cultivars at three normal forces and three sliding speeds using a single abrasive surface. Segments of the friction force versus displacement curve were classified into types of response and associated with removal of different layers of the watermelon surface. These responses, in turn, were correlated to various degrees of failure of the watermelon's surface. The threshold failure, for example, was defined as the beginning of surface abrasion. The magnitude and start of each type of failure response was affected more by normal force than sliding speed. An equation, in terms of the normal force, was developed to predict the number of times a surface can be reused and still yield results comparable to a new surface.


This paper analyzes the composition of the hardwares of the developing platform with the ContactLess Smart Card and introduces the interface function library. This platform is characterized by no monitor procedure. The full code space and data space are free available for the higher_level developer. The development way of this platform is also illustrated.


A colorless, crystalline, inorganic compound that forms toxic fumes of cadmium oxides when heated. Calcium nitrate is used in the production of cadmium hydroxide for use in alkaline batteries, to color glass and porcelain, in photography and in nuclear reactors. Exposure to this substance irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and causes damage to the lungs resulting in shortness of breath, chest pain and pulmonary edema, and can also damage the kidneys causing proteinuria and decreased renal function. Calcium nitrate is a known carcinogen and is associated with an elevated risk of developing lung cancer. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 8, 2020


Abstract Application of the theory of thermo-acoustic excitation of flames requires a detailed knowledge of the flame response to plane-wave velocity fluctuations of a given frequency through the burner. A model of the type of swirl burner used in some designs of industrial gas turbine is investigated, chemiluminescent emission being used as a marker of the hear release from both methane and propane premixed flames. The effects of the equivalence ratio and the withdrawal of the swirler so as to allow an annulus of unswirled premixture are also examined. It is found that there are two distinct modes of self-excitation. The response of different burner configurations in the mode with the higher frequency is analysed in terms of four parameters. These characterize the position and spread of the axial distribution of heat release fluctuations, and the origin and effective velocity of convection of disturbances. From these parameters, the Rayleigh integral can be calculated and this defines the frequency range over which excitation is possible. If the acoustic conditions require that the flame is lengthened, retracting the swirler, reducing the equivalence ratio or changing from propane to methane are all shown to be possible control measures for this particular burner.


This paper deals with the problem of consensus in multi-agent systems. The consensus is investigated considering directed networks composed by identical agents described by linear models of arbitrary order, subject to input saturation and non-uniform time-varying delays. The main results are sufficient conditions for consensus analysis and design of distributed consensus protocols for multi-agent systems. In addition, because the saturation might prevent the multi-agent system to attain consensus on some set of initial conditions, it is also proposed a strategy to calculate a region in which the consensus is guaranteed. The results follow from the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory and are formulated in the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) framework. Finally, we present examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in contrast with similar approaches existing in the literature.


christine Korsgaard attempts to reinterpret Kan � tian ethics in a way that might alleviate bernard Williams' famous worry that a man cannot save his drowning wife without determining impar � tially that he may do so. she does this by dividing a reflective self that chooses the commitments that make up an agent's practical identity from a self defined as a jumble of desires. An agent, she then argues, must act on the commitments chosen by the reflective self on pain of disinte � gration. Using Harry Frankfurt's emphasis on love as a final end, I argue that disintegration as motivation is not a more acceptable motivation than impartiality and so does not adequately ad � dress Williams' criticism. I also argue that the idea of a divided self either leads to an infinite regress or to an implausible description of how our commitments evolve and change. to make this last claim, I discuss a case from John Up � dike's novel In the Beauty of the Lilies.


Adult emergence and mating behavior of Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenee were studied under laboratory conditions (23 ± 1°C, 12 h photophase and 70% RH). Adult emergence occurred only at scotophase period. Female began to emerge from the 1st hour to 8th hour with a peak occurring at 4th hour of scotophase. Male showed similar trend, but emerging from 2nd to 11th with a peak also at 4th hour of scotophase. Mating was preceded by wing vibration in the male prior to and during walking approach. Mating occurred only during the scotophase period between the 4th and 10th hour of scotophase, with the peak occurring at the 7th hour. Newly emerged N. elegantalis couples rarely mated (2.8%) whereas 48 and 96 h old couples mated 26.3% and 27.5% respectively. Glands extracts from abdominal tips of 48-72 h virgin female moths evaluated in a wind tunnel were more attractive than virgin females.


Abstract A coincidence involving Leonardo da Vinci's ratios of branch diameters (0·707) in bifurcating trees and the limit of branch length ratios where fractal branching of bifurcating trees becomes non-fractal (at 0·707) suggests that constancy of the diameter ratios forces a fractal elaboration of the branch tips. The cylinder equation r22 /r21 = b1 /2b2 suggests an equality that does not occur in fact (because the b2/b1 ratio is always smaller than da Vinci's ratio and further branching continues for fractal trees). The branching proliferates as a geometric progression. The resulting fractal complexity of the branch tips probably enhances the flow of fluids to and from leaves, creates a spacious bower, and lessens the crushing weight that would result from non-fractal branching. Tree growth upward is initially rapid but becomes regularly diminished by fractal elaboration. A hypothesis presented suggests the number of real branchings in some trees is limited by da Vinci's ratio. The old/(new + old) wood ratios converge to the original branch ratio meaning the dichotomous tree increases new wood by 2b2 × old wood at each branching. The linear dimension of the canopy (compared to the sum of the old and the end branches) also approaches the 0·707 constant at about five orders of branching, and if exceeding those orders there would seem to be adverse effects.


In this paper, we show that, provided the Modelica language specification is enriched with the notion of external connector, interesting applications follow, where Modelica can be used to describe synchronous event-activated blocks that communicate efficiently with the "outside world". Such blocks described in Modelica and compiled separately can still be connected together to form new blocks. Scicos (www.scicos.org), a freely available modeling environment, can make efficient use of those blocks, that in addition enable seamlessly integration of Modelica into a causal environment.


The precision needed in the shape and dimensions of an ultimate nanostructure or system entail exacting restrictions on its engraving mechanisms. The generation of nano-structures producing miniaturized components such as lab-on-a-chip, DNA-array and NEMS calls for processes, which offer more flexibility than that available with the conventional surface milling. The shapes of components structured by classical processes are often governed by the crystalline properties of the substrate and chemical as well as physical parameters of the unit process. Reactive gas cold plasma has led to engraving of structures such as lines, holes, channels, grooves or pyramids of stipulated dimensions. Bottoms up approach like arc discharge, CVD, biomimetics and reverse micellar routes have given a spurt in the variety of nanomaterials being investigated. It has expanded the interest of researchers from nanoscience and technology towards the design of new nanomaterials with specific characteristics. Nano-biomaterials with better mechanical, thermal, chemical properties than found in known materials are being made. Nano-fibres, -particles, -phosphors and -composites on varied templates are being synthesized.


It discloses a video coding method and apparatus and a method and apparatus for decoding video, wherein the means for performing intra prediction of adjacent pixels is filtered current block to be coded, and filtered through phase used o pixel intra prediction is performed.


A biostratigraphic study of rock samples from the Talara Group (Talara Basin, Eocene of NW Peru) has allowed the recognition of several calcareous nannofossil ·biozones. Two wells were investigated from the Negritos and Carpitas oilfields, in the NW region of Peru . Biozones identified in the Talara Group provide dates of Middle to Late Eocene. Calcareous nannoplankton from this stratigraphic unit have not been previously described. · Introduction The Talara Basin is situated in the westemmost part of Peru in South America. The Talara Group is a stratigraphic unit with widespread distribution, and it is the most representative of the Eocene of NW Peru. The Talara Group comprises mainly the Talara Shales, Talara Sandstone and Pozo Formations. The Talara Shales and Pozo Formations consist of dark brownish to greenish-grey shales, silts and silty clays. The Talara Sandstone is composed of mediumto fine -grained deep-water sandstones. The Talara Shales contain a section composed of synsedimentary breccias. This section is interpreted as a marine-slope facies complex that grades into an inner-shelf transgressive system (Muiioz, 1980). N


The orientation dependence of the piezoresistive effect of p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC thin film grown on a (100)Si wafer was characterized. The longitudinal, transverse gauge factors in [100] orientation, and longitudinal gauge factor in [110] orientation were found to be 5.8, −5.2, and 30.3, respectively. The fundamental piezoresistive coefficients π11, π12, and π44 of p-type 3C-SiC were obtained to be 1.5 × 10−11 Pa−1, −1.4 × 10−11 Pa−1, and 18.1 × 10−11 Pa−1, respectively. From these coefficients, the piezoresistive effect in any crystallographic orientation in p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC can be estimated, which is very valuable in designing micro-mechanical sensors.


International enquiry of the highest quality involves contestations that open new and critical understandings, challenging accepted ideas and identities. Reflecting cultural differences, this volume provides a rich collection of papers that contest policy and seek to extend practice by exploring new approaches to teaching and learning. Several articles explore the care and education of young children through a cultural lens, offering deep insight into the impact global and national political, economic and environmental forces exert on early years practice. This editorial is informed by the four perspectives articulated by Woodhead (2006) as critical to the development of early years education. The first concerns the developmental perspective. I believe this is fundamental to all research undertaken by early years researchers, and indeed all of the papers sit comfortably within this paradigm. In crossing theoretical positions, they complement and extend the accepted discourse. By way of example, the edition opens with a provocation by Moss in which he critically maps the development of the early years sector in the UK. His starting point is the identification of early years as a priority area by the Labour party in 1997, and through successive governments to 2014. In contrast to Woodhead's (2006) contention that the political and economic perspective views early years as a time when factors such as disadvantage can be addressed, opportunities equalised and children given a head start, Moss identifies numerous missed opportunities to develop the sector. According to Moss, a country's policy decisions are shaped and limited by past decisions, leading to more of the same rather than to the evolution and development of the sector. The third approach described by Woodhead (2006) is the sociocultural or culturalhistorical perspective that draws attention to early childhood as a constructed concept and status, and to the diversity of ways it is understood and practiced. Framed within this perspective, a body of evidence presented in this volume extends our understanding of the impact social and cultural factors exert on pedagogy; see for example articles by Petriwskyj, Thorpe, and Tayler; Bjorklund; Hegde, Crane-Mitchell and Averett; and Wee, Weber and Park. Hegde et al. note the hands-off approach adopted by Japanese day care practitioners who seek to develop independence by encouraging young children to select and initiate their own tasks. Cultural expectations also appear to inform early numeracy development. In a study involving children in Finland and Iraq, Aunio, Korhonen, Bashash and Khoshbakht found Finnish children had better relational and counting skills than their Iranian counterparts. Gender differences were observed in relational skills, favouring girls in both countries. Gender differences also emerge as a critical factor in the expected and accepted gendered behaviour of preschool children and teachers in a study of Miller and Warren. Mirroring concerns raised by Moss, the authors note how care in Indonesian preschools endorses 'sameness' and the status quo. They argue the need for a redefinition of the concepts underpinning care. International Journal of Early Years Education, 2014 Vol. 22, No. 4, 343–345, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2014.990305


Associated with restorative justice,victim-offender-reconciliation is a new response to crimes.It at least has four values.First,it resores the social order destroyed by the crime.Second,it compensates the losses suffered by victims,Third,it helps the injuring person return the society.At last,it enhances the judicial effiency.


In a breakthrough result, Ta-Shma described an explicit construction of an almost optimal binary code (STOC 2017). Ta-Shma's code has distance 1−ε 2 and rate Ω ( ε2+o(1) ) and thus it almost achieves the Gilbert-Varshamov bound, except for the o(1) term in the exponent. The prior best listdecoding algorithm for (a variant of) Ta-Shma's code achieves is due to Alev et al (STOC 2021). This algorithm makes use of SDP hierarchies, and is able to recover from a 1−ρ 2 −fraction of errors as long as ρ ≥ 2log(1/ε)1/6 . In this work we give an improved analysis of a similar list-decoding algorithm. Our algorithm works for Ta-Shma's original code, and it is able to list-decode almost all the way to the Johnson bound: it can recover from a 1−ρ 2 −fraction of errors as long as ρ ≥ 2 √ ε.


ABSTRACT The paper deals with the work-hardening adaptation of rigid-plastic solids subjected to arbitrary dynamic loads whose components are within given limits. Sufficient and necessary criteria of "statical" type are presented. The material is characterized by piecewise linear yield surface, piecewise linear work-hardening, and linear strain-rate sensitivity. The displacements are assumed to be infinitesimal.


The human body contains thousands of different proteins in blood are known collectively as the plasma proteins, most are synthesize in the liver and move into the blood stream through the hepatic sinusoids and central veins of the liver. Plasma proteins circulate in the blood and between the blood and extra cellular tissue space. A common change in proteins concentration in disease result from the acute phase. responds to tissue damage and to the presence of infecting organism. Appendix is acute disease that occur in human. This study has been done to determine the Creactive protein level among patients with acute appendicitis presenting to Alahli Hospital in Abu Dhabi UAE, during May to October 2015 are examined.The specimen's was collected (as n = 90) patients. And 40 healthy volunteers in this study as control.The CRP and the TWBCs was measure with those patients using the NycoCard and Sysmex respectively. The main age of the study population was no affect on CRP concentration and their is was 66.7% males and 33.3 females.It was found that there was a significant elevation of CRP main concentration in the study population. But no significant elevation of the TWBCs above the normal value. Its conclude that CRP can be used to exclude that patients without acute appendicitis and its recommended to measure the CRP in patients presenting with symptoms of acute appendicitis. CRP can be used to exclude patients without acute inflammation of appendix. ةيدودلا ةدئازلا باهتلاب نوباصملا يضرملا يف طشنلا يس نيتورب سايق


Human activity recognition is central to many practical applications, ranging from visual surveillance to gaming interfacing. Most approaches addressing this problem are based on localized spatio-temporal features that can vary significantly when the viewpoint changes. As a result, their performances rapidly deteriorate as the difference between the viewpoints of the training and testing data increases. In this paper, we introduce a new type of feature, the "Hankelet" that captures dynamic properties of short tracklets. While Hankelets do not carry any spatial information, they bring invariant properties to changes in viewpoint that allow for robust cross-view activity recognition, i.e. when actions are recognized using a classifier trained on data from a different viewpoint. Our experiments on the IXMAS dataset show that using Hanklets improves the state of the art performance by over 20%.


More and more land use litigation is being brought in federal court as landowners, discouraged by their inability to get state courts to grant relief from what they perceive to be biased land use boards, attempt to focus the debate on violations of civil and constitutional rights, rather than state law. (1) This growing trend raises the concern that an increasing body of land use law is now coming from judges who are unfamiliar with it, and sometimes render rulings that contradict state law. I. THE DANGER OF FEDERAL COURTS BECOMING ARBITERS OF NEW YORK LAND USE LAW The Second Circuit starts with the premise that federal courts should not become zoning boards of appeal to review nonconstitutional land use determinations by the circuit's many local legislative and administrative agencies. Federal judges lack the knowledge of and sensitivity to local conditions necessary to a proper balancing of the complex factors that enter into local zoning decisions. Even were we blessed with the requisite knowledge and sensitivity, due regard for the constitutional role of the federal courts in our dual judicial system would permit us to exercise jurisdiction in zoning matters only when local zoning decisions infringe national interests protected by statute or the constitution. However, when a landowner's constitutional rights are infringed by local zoning actions, our duty to protect the constitutional interest is clear. (2) Since the New York Court of Appeals has instructed the state's judiciary to "giv[e] due deference to the broad discretion of the Board [of Appeals]," (3) the lower state courts have become less inclined to upset decisions by local land use boards. (4) This jurisprudential directive has drawn disenchanted developers to the federal courts. Because, as Judge Pratt noted in the passage quoted above, "[f]ederal judges lack the knowledge of and sensitivity to local conditions necessary to a proper balancing of the complex factors that enter into local zoning decisions," (5) the result of this movement can be disastrous. O'Mara v. Town of Wappinger (6) is an example. The issue was whether notes restricting development that appeared on a subdivision plat provided constructive notice of the restriction to bona fide purchasers for value. (7) The District Court decided that a subdivision plat, though filed with the County Clerk, was not "recorded" within the meaning of New York's Recording Act (N.Y. Real Property Law section 291). Hence, the plat did not constitute notice to subsequent owners who took title free of the restrictions on that plat. (8) This holding was at odds with what New York land use practitioners knew the law to be and could have led to unimaginable confusion, both in the land use and the title insurance worlds. Fortunately, through the certification procedure, (9) the Second Circuit Court of Appeals certified the question to New York's Court of Appeals, (10) which assured its federal cousin that notes on filed plats are as much a part of a property's chain of title as matters contained in recorded deeds, easements, covenants, and the like. (11) Armed with that answer, the Second Circuit undid the mischief the lower court's holding may have had. (12) It is not only federal judges who find themselves in new fields. It has been quite some time since many municipal attorneys have reviewed the doctrines that require a federal jurist to refrain even when jurisdiction otherwise appears to exist. One such doctrine is ripeness. II. RIPENESS IN LAND USE CASES Ripeness is "a constitutional prerequisite to exercise of jurisdiction by federal courts." (13) For a case to be "ripe," there must be a "real, substantial controversy between parties" which involves a dispute that is "definite and concrete, not hypothetical or abstract." (14) The doctrine calls upon federal courts to decide at the outset "whether [they] would benefit from deferring initial review until the claims [they] are called on to consider have arisen in a more concrete and final form. …


Background. A microteaching experience was introduced into an orientation programme for newly appointed health professions educators. Objective. To ascertain whether the participants experienced improved confidence in their lecturing ability after the microteaching experience. Methods. The activity was evaluated by other participants and experts in education by means of a rubric. It was also video-taped to allow for future self-evaluation. Participants' reflections were documented by means of a qualitative questionnaire, with specific criteria designed by the Division Health Sciences Education, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Results. Newly appointed educators reflected that the prospect of participating in the microteaching activity initially made them feel apprehensive in terms of 'being evaluated'. Once they had completed the activity, they reported that it had been very useful to obtain feedback from peers and expert educators. Collegial relationships in this cohort were strengthened by learning from peers. Conclusions. Health professions educators found that being evaluated in microteaching was valuable, as they subsequently felt more confident as lecturers and also more competent to implement newly acquired teaching skills.


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It provides a suitable substrate for the product and the manufacture of thin film semiconductor devices. First, preparing the substrate for products having the characteristics suitable to mount the substrate and the thin film transistor for manufacturing having the characteristics that can withstand the process of forming a thin film transistor in the preparation step directly. Performing the bonding process in the following, it is bonded to the substrate for a substrate for manufacture of products for supporting a substrate for the product from the back. Then the forming step is performed to form at least a thin film transistor on the surface of the substrate for the product in the stiffened state by preparative substrate. Finally, by performing the separation step, to separate the used for producing the substrate from a substrate for the product. For producing a substrate, the substrate, the thin film transistor, a thin film semiconductor device for products.


The purpose of this study is to describe the personality condition and to describe the importance of the role of Islamic religious education teachers in Malang 1 State Islamic Senior High School. The study was conducted with a type of qualitative research. The procedure of data collection is done by using the observation method, interview method by using the question and answer way verbally with research sources, and the documentation method that is in the form of notes, transcripts, and so on. In this study, the condition of student personality is said to be good can be seen from how students order in carrying out activities in the madrasa, polite and polite attitude to good speech. And based on what is done by a teacher of Islamic religious education in shaping the personality of students by giving examples and good example, providing student motivation, interacting and maintaining communication with students, and using subtle language. It can be concluded that the personality possessed by students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 in Malang city is good and the teacher of Islamic religious education in shaping students' personalities in accordance with the existing theories in the thesis. Keywords : Role, Personality


Abstract This article represents a summary of the plenary session that Barry Vickery presented to delegates at the 2018 BIALL Conference in Birmingham. It explored the changing role of technology in a range of different markets and showed how different management styles, attitudes and strategies have created very different outcomes for those respective companies. Those that have chosen to ignore technology have generally suffered, fallen behind the competition and in ever increasing numbers, gone bust. Parallels were drawn between these companies and professional services today. Are there lessons we can take from these failures that we can use in our working life, even in our personal lives, or do we just keep our head down and convince ourselves that 'We've always done it this way'?


PtCo and PdCo alloy electrodes were investigated in a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution by electrochemistry, ellipsometry, laser Raman scattering spectroscopy, XPS, and GD-OES. The corrosion resistibility of Pt-Co and Pd-Co alloys decreased with increase of Co addition. The increase of Co addition, however, enhanced the catalytic efficiency on the ORR. The alloy surfaces may be covered by CoOOH and Pt or Pd oxide 2-3nm thick. At the potential of 1.2V vs. Ag/ AgCl/ sat. KCl, the thickness of oxide film increased with the Co addition. The presence of the oxide film on the alloy electrodes increases the overvoltage for the ORR. The effect of the oxide thickness on the ORR was discussed.


The purpose of the study was to gather information that would be helpful in planning and implementing a vocational education program in the Monahans-Wickett-Pyote Independent School District in response to a written request by George L. Cullender, Superintendent of Schools. This study was intended to supplement the Texas Education Agency's occupational survey.


Background: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of negative pressure applied before storage on the gene expression of motility related proteins in boar spermatozoa.Methods: Boar semen samples were collected and pooled and diluted with Modena solution containing 0.4% (w/v) of bovine serum albumin. Negative pressure was applied for 2-5 min using a vacuum pump with a barometer. The pressure applied was 0 (Control), -0.02 MPa (P2), -0.04 MPa (P4) and -0.08 MPa (P8). The expression of AQN-1, AQN-3, AWN, PSP-I, PSP-II gene in boar spermatozoa was evaluated.Result: Application of -0.04 MPa improved the sperm motility compared with the other groups. In conclusion, our results confirmed thatnegative pressure preservation at 17oC had an effect on the expression of boar sperm adhesion protein gene. The relative expression of AWN0PSP-I and PSP-II genes in boar sperm were lower under -0.04 MPa and -0.08 MPa pressure, which was beneficial to protect spermatozoa motility.


Life Beyond Nuclear Testing. . . The Nevada Test Site by Fina Martinez-Myers Dr. Karen Layne, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Public Administration University of Nevada, Las Vegas The Nevada Test Site (NTS) has served a crucial role in protecting the nation's security over the last 50 years. Changing national budgets and fiscal priorities have signaled dramatic adjustments for the NTS. Following the 1992 nuclear testing moratorium, the U.S. government has begun to make parts of the NTS available for private-sector use in an effort to generate money, utilize the Test Site's unique resources and capabilities, and provide economic development to southern Nevada. The initiative to attract private industry to the NTS is similar to activities taking place at other nuclear facilities across the nation. With a change in mission requirements, the question remained whether the NTS could effectively utilize its unique resources while continuing to maintain a state of nuclear testing readiness. Although Nevada's local leaders support privatesector development proposed for the NTS as a means to diversify the state's economy, the viability of commercialization of this site is an important concern. This qualitative study examines whether private-sector development is a viable alternative for the NTS.


Few human tragedies stir sympathy and public concern more deeply than seeing children suffer during war. The increasingly frequent epidemics of domestic and community violence around the world stimulate similar concerns. Normal humanitarian impulses lead even the most callous people to spontaneous feelings of wanting to help because such suffering among children seems morally wrong. A common consensus that children should not suffer because of adult inability to live in peace has become part of global commitment to human rights. New insights offer hope for building peace by preventing generational cycles of ethnic hatred resulting from psychological trauma to children.


To investigate the heat transfer in heated rotating cavities with axial throughflow cooling air,numerical simulations have been carried out based on the time-independent incompressible equations in rotating system.The effects of unstable flow and various forces on heat transfer were studied,and the heat transfer coefficient variations with Reynolds number and Rayleigh number were calculated.The results show that the heat transfer in a rotating cavity with axial throughflow cooling air is enhanced with the increase of the inertia force and buoyancy force,and is weakened with the increase of the Coriolis force.The heat transfer coefficient rises with Reynolds number,and varies slightly with the increase of Rayleigh number.The sudden enhancement of heat transfer is caused by the penetration of cooling air through the disc cavity.


The article presents the results of sociological survey in questionnaire form applied to visitors of municipal and private stomatological polyclinics in Kaluga. The study was organized to analyze satisfaction of population with quality of stomatological care. The issues of detection and ranking of factors in a highest degree impacting evaluation of quality of stomatological care were covered. The analysis of differences in valuation of private and municipal systems of stomatological care was implemented. The sampling included 748 visitors of stomatological polyclinics of Kaluga. The implemented sociological questionnaire made it possible to evaluate quality of stomatological care and satisfaction of consumers of medical services. The sociological survey facilitated to reveal factors in a highest degree impacting evaluation of quality of stomatological care. On the whole, 84.6% of respondents expressed satisfaction with medical service in stomatological polyclinics, 5.5% expressed dissatisfaction and 9.9% find difficulty in replying.


The determination of the least costly long-term expansion of a power system in the presence of uncertainty about future loads is formulated as a mathematical optimization problem. It is recognized that more information about these future loads will be acquired with time. The objective is to find an expansion policy such that the investment decision is based on an up-to-date estimate of the system requirements.


A method is presented for self-consistent large-signal analysis of the interaction process in TWT gyrotrons. Gain estimates for spot, values of input power and frequency are included.


The present paper describes preliminary results from a Danish project with production of antibiotic-free pigs. The project herd is a traditional Danish 500 sow herd with weaned pigs on the same site. 1/3 of the pigs are kept until slaughter on an adjacent farm and remaining pigs are sold to local finishing producers. Before initiation of the project, the herd had a consumption of antibiotics around 50% of the threshold given by the Danish authorities. However, the farmer took the challenge to produce pigs without any antibiotics at all, with the initial goal to deliver 50% antibiotic-free pigs for slaughter. The measures implemented were a stronger focus on management and vaccination against Lawsonia intracellularis on top of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PCV2 vaccination. The results are promising: In the first 6 months of the project, the herd has not only experienced reduced use of antibiotics, but also an increased productivity. The monthly prescriptions of antibiotics were lowered from 2.15 to 1.86 Animal Daily Doses (ADD) per 100 pigs per day in the sow herd and from 8.30 to 4.19 ADD/100 pigs/day in the weaners. Compared to the previous year, the piglet mortality in the farrowing unit dropped by 2.5 %, the average daily weight gain in weaners increased by 34 g/day and the feed conversion rate dropped by 0.15 FE/kg. Data from finishers are not yet available.


We have parallelized Reactive Randomized Tabu Search (RRTS) graph partition algorithm and adapted it to the grid environment. Speedup is achieved by parallelizing scoring phase of RRTS. We also introduced two techniques: multilevel scoring and parallel initialization. By using multilevel scoring, tabu lengths are highly tuned to adapt large graphs. And by parallel initialization, dispersed computing efforts are centralized to output more consistent graph partitions. Experiments show that our approach significantly outperformed state-of-the-art heuristics by partitioning large graphs with higher quality and efficiency.


The main theme of this paper is a consideration of some fundamental findings with regard to the oedipus complex and phallicism. By these terms is meant the oedipal sexual wish, the urgent need for defence against it and its attendant problems, and the phallic notion of only one kind of genital—the phallus—existing. The object of investigation is the potential use of phallicism as a defensive organization against the problems of the oedipal phase.