Introduction: An increasing number of patients with end-stage diseases present to emergency departments (EDs) for physical, spiritual, psychological and social care. The objective of this study was to identify patients with end-stage diseases with palliative care (PC) needs and document their frequency of ED visits. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in two Canadian EDs. Using a modified palliative care screening tool, volunteer ED physicians were asked to identify adult patients with end-stage, chronic conditions including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF), cirrhosis, dementia and/or progressive central nervous system (PCNS) disease. Demographic data were collected from these tools and data regarding patients' visits in both the 6 months prior to and 30 days following their index visits were collected from the ED Information System. Bivariate analyses were completed using Student's t and chi-square test. Results: A total of 663 patients with end-stage illness were identified; 338 (51%) were female and the median age was 76 (IQR: 63, 85). Cancer was the most common presentation (41%), followed by dementia (23%), COPD (16%), HF (9%), CKD (9%), PCNS disease (9%) and cirrhosis (7%). These patients made a total of 1277 visits in the 6 months prior to and 288 in the 30 days following the index visit. Patients presenting to the EDs with cancer (p = 0.001), cirrhosis (p = 0.005) and CKD (p = 0.03) were more likely to visit an ED in the 6 months prior to their index visit. In contrast, patients presenting with dementia (p < 0.0001) and PCNS disease (p = 0.02) were significantly less likely to present to an ED in the 6 months prior to their index visit. Patients presenting with cirrhosis or CKD had the highest average number of ED visits in the 6 months prior to their index visit (cirrhosis: 4.59 visits, SD: 3.8, p < 0.0001; CKD: 4.39 visits, SD: 3.8, p = 0.0001). Of these patients, those presenting with end-stage cirrhosis were significantly more likely to make a return visit to an ED within 30 days after their index visit (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Cancer is the most common condition for patients with end-stage, chronic illnesses in these EDs. Those presenting with cirrhosis or CKD are at a significantly higher risk of repeat visits to the EDs. This study has identified potential deficits in care and can serve as a baseline for future intervention studies.


In Reply.— Dr Zeese's letter questions the diagnosis of PAT and its association with seizure activity related to a frontal lobe glioma. Electrocardiographically, and clinically, the episodes were of sudden onset and offset. Electrocardiographic telemetry, a sample of which was deleted by the editor, because of limited space, documented a pulse rate of 160 beats per minute. It is a fact that, at the time of the ECG telemetry illustrated in the article, the cardiac lead was not available and the pulse rate palpated by an observer was 110 beats per minute; it is probable that this reading was obtained at the termination of the seizure and thus does not reflect the cardiac rate during the actual event itself. Hyperventilation was never observed in this patient. The patient's symptoms corresponded temporally with the rapid heartbeat, and subsequent to surgery he has not been troubled with either changes in cardiac rate or other


Observations on the fresh settlement of meroplankton on natural substrata - granite stones and concrete pillars were carried out for a period of 12 months. Distinct variations in hydrographical parameters are correlated with settlement of different foulers. The intensity and frequency of settlement of three major fouling communities (cirripedes, bivalves and polychaetes) has been explained. Cirripedes formed the major settler community during post and premonsoon seasons in the estuary. Polychaetes were the least dominant and were found to be present only during premonsoon season


The passage of meteorological systems such as cold fronts or convergence zones over reservoirs can cause significant modifications in several aquatic variables. Cold fronts coming from higher latitudes and reaching the Southeastern Brazilian territory modify the mean wind field and have important impact over physical, chemical and biological processes that act in the hydroelectric reservoirs. The mean period of cold front passages along the Southeastern Brazilian coast is 6 days during the winter and between 11 and 14 days in the summer. Most of these fronts also affect the hinterland of Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais and Goias states. The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of cold front passages in the thermal stratification and water quality of the Itumbiara hydroelectric reservoir which is located in Minas Gerais and Goias. The characterization of cold front passages over the study area was done through the analysis of GOES satellite images. The analyzed data set includes time series of meteorological (wind direction and intensity, short-wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure) and water temperature in four depths (5, 12, 20 and 40 m). The data set was acquired in the interior of the reservoir by an autonomous anchored buoy system at a sampling rate of 1 h. The stratification was assessed by non-dimensional parameter analysis. The lake number an indicator of the degree of stability and mixing in the reservoir was used in this analysis. We will show that during the cold front all atmospheric parameters respond and this response are transferred immediately to the water surface. The main effect is observed in the water column, when the heat loss in the surface allows the upwelling events caused by convective cooling due to the erosion of thermal stratification.


In the context of the poor implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy, an empirical analysis based on CGSS2017 data found that policy factors are no longer the main factors affecting the willingness of women of childbearing age. In order to increase the willingness of women of childbearing age to reproduce, the Chinese government needs to use the big data advantage of the 21st World Intelligent Society to analyze the influence of age, physical condition, education level, family income, and length of working hours on the reproductive behavior choices of women of childbearing age, so as to adopt appropriate incentives, remove the trouble back at home of fertility behavior, improve the effect of "comprehensive two children" policy, and achieve a long-term balanced development of our population.


Aiming at the problem that the existing role graph model can not define Dynamic Separation of Duty(DSOD),this paper proposes an extended graph model based on hybrid hierarchy relation.This model extends the role hierarchy by introducing the hybrid hierarchy,and the role hierarchy management of the extended role graph model is given.Experimental results show that the introduction of hybrid hierarchy makes the definition of DSOD possible,thus enhances the practicability of the role graph model.


Technology for aquaculture is growing with the high demand of fish. Micro / nano bubble is one of technology that is developed to increase dissolved oxygen in water. This technology is used to increase Koi fish production in high density via RAS. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of micro / nano bubble technology and its effect on biology of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Lutor was used to introduce micro / nano bubble in the fish tank by using fish length (e.g. 7.49 ± 0.29 cm). This research used completely randomized design with one factor (fish density) and three replications. This factor was three densities of fish at 15 fish.60 L-1 (A), 30 fish.60 L -1 (B), and 45 fish. 60 L -1 (C). The result showed that there was the absolute length of each treatments was (0.52 ± 0.03a) cm for A, treatment  B (0.36 ± 0.07ab) cm and C treatment (0.29 ± 0.08b) cm. The best treatment is A treatment (15 fish. 60 L -1) and different significant in statistic with C treatment (45 fish. 60 L-1) but not significant in statistic with B treatment (30 fish. 60 L -1).


The analysis and prediction of time series data have been addressed by researchers. Many techniques have been developed to be applied in various areas, such as weather forecasting, financial markets and hydrological phenomena involving data that are contaminated by noise. Therefore, various techniques to improve the method have been introduced to analyze and predict time series data. In respect of the importance of analysis and the accuracy of the prediction result, a study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of the improved nonlinear prediction method for data that contain noise. The improved nonlinear prediction method involves the formation of composite serial data based on the successive differences of the time series. Then, the phase space reconstruction was performed on the composite data (one-dimensional) to reconstruct a number of space dimensions. Finally the local linear approximation method was employed to make a prediction based on the phase space. This improved method was tested with dat...


It is contended that divisions within the medical profession and conflict between the various branches of the profession and the government have had a stronger influence on modifying the pattern of medical care in Great Britain today than the adoption and extension of the principle of social insurance. A fully integrated and free system of medical care was envisaged but the strength and power of two branches of the profession forced the government to accept certain modifications. Primary and secondary medical care and public health activities were all organized separately at the operational level, giving rise to a "tripartite" structure, and a limited amount of private practice persists.


The predator-prey model with a functional response has very complicated dynamic properties Especially under some constant harvest, this model displays various complicated dynamic feature, including changes of the positive equilibrium and stability, as well as emergence of bifurcation, periodic solutions and limit cycles. In this paper, we mainly study the effect of constant harvest on the dynamical characteristic for such model, obtain some conditions for such model to have stable positive equilibrium, bifurcation, periodic solutions and limit cycles.


Inferior students usually do not have enough confidence in learning and clear goals of learning so they learn passively at low efficiency.The teacher can help them learn better by changing their learning habits,adjusting the teaching plan to meet their capacity,enhancing previewing,teaching them in accordance with their aptitude,offering timely encouragement and helping them review after class.


The summary: The article deals with problems of studying the phenomenon of imitation in modern Russian society. There are three components: the conceptualization of the concept of imitation; identification of the theoretical and methodological approaches of analysis; the alignment of the research constructs in order to study the nature and subjects of reproduction of social space of manifestation of the simulation.


A comprehensive analysis on the ionospheric planetary wave activity is undertaken using 8 years of ionosonde data at Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E), a dip equatorial station. The study reveals that the dominant planetary wave is of 16‐day type and its strength is maximum in winter solstice/autumnal equinox and minimum in summer solstice in high solar activity conditions. In low solar activity years planetary wave activity strength is more or less comparable in vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice, while it is observed to be least in summer solstice. Further, the planetary wave activity shows direct correlation with solar activity for the different seasons. Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite observations of off‐equatorial E‐region zonal winds confirm the fact that they are strong westward in high solar activity years compared to low solar activity years. The strong westward winds aid the upward propagation of westward propagating planetary waves in high solar activity years. Planetary waves reaching the off‐equatorial E‐region modulate the equatorial F‐region via the coupling along the magnetic field lines. The role of planetary waves in modulating the pre‐reversal enhancement, equatorial spread F duration, and its spread range on a day‐to‐day basis is brought out quantitatively for both high and low solar activity conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of ionospheric planetary wave studies for the prediction of equatorial spread F characteristics.


Objective. To specify techniques of transcutaneous transpedicular vertebroplasty for lumbar vertebra injury in patients with osteoporosis. Material and Methods. Ninety five patents aged 55 to 82 years with uncomplicated injuries to lumbar vertebrae associated with osteoporosis were operated on. Specific features of surgery depended on radiological morphological parameters of the injured vertebra revealed by preoperative X-ray examination. Standard radiography and computer-aided tomography were used. Results. Persistent antalgic effect was observed in 96.3 % of operated patients. In 7 (7.3 %) cases conventional transcutaneous vertebroplasty was associated with cement extravasation beyond vertebra limits. Patients having such X-ray picture of injury underwent a modified technique of vertebroplasty with bilateral transpedicular injections of precalculated bone cement volume into posterior and anterior fragments of the injured vertebra. Conclusion. The choice of vertebroplasty technique should be made with account for radiological morphometric parameters of the injured vertebra optimally based on CT findings.


The tests in this investigation were performed on a natural soft clay with plasticity index around 32%, which was K0 consolidated to a vertical stress of 2942 kPa and then K0 unloaded to a vertical stress of 74 kPa (i.e., to the "in situ" stress). The specimens so created were disturbed in various ways to study the effect of sample disturbance on the stress–strain relationships during undrained shearing and during drained K0 loading (i.e., K0 triaxial and oedometer tests). The results for two testing alternatives may be summarized as follows. Alternative 1: Allow the specimen to swell at the correct in situ effective stresses, but accept an initial water content that is higher than the in situ value. This alternative was found to give the best stress–strain relationships around the in situ effective stresses for undrained triaxial tests, but with undrained shear strength values up to about 20% too low, due to the swelling taking place during consolidation to the in situ effective stresses. Alternative 2: ...


We evaluated the structure and growth stocks in an area of "cerradao" (arboreal savanna) absent from anthropogenic interference for four decades. The phytosociological stratification used was: canopy (h>3,0m e DLB>6,0cm), inferior (h 1.0cm at the base), medium (1.0 3.0m and DLB<6.0cm). We identified heterogeneity in the vertical structure of the community. Most populations show a high number of individuals from the superior and medium strata. These results suggest that the structural stability is mostly due to the maintenance of the process of establishment, growth and survival of the species, resulting from the absence of human activities in this area.


This study was a cross-sectional study. The study of spatial association patterns and the influences on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic situation in Thailand was performed using secondary data from the COVID-19 interactive dashboard, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, between January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021. Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Spatial Regression was applied for statistical analysis. In the epidemic situation of COVID-19, the highest of 11,512.65 per one hundred thousand population, and the spatial association between the nighttime light average, the prevalence of smokers in Thailand, the proportion of population per village health volunteer, and the proportion of population per health care center with the epidemic situation of COVID-19 has Moran's I = 0.309, 0.396, 0.081 and 0.424, respectively. From the Spatial Lag Model (SLM), a factor that has a spatial association with the epidemic situation of COVID-19 is the nighttime light average, the prevalence of smokers in Thailand, and the proportion of population per healthcare center, which can predict the epidemic situation of COVID-19 by 47.8 percent (R2 =0.478). The growth factor of a large city is an important factor for population density which is a major cause of spread of the coronavirus easily. Moreover, smoking behavior has encouraged the epidemic to spread rapidly. The situation is serious as the number of hospitals is not enough to support the treatment and screening of patients to cover the entire population of Thailand. Therefore, it is urgent that the government plan to mitigate the situation with maximum efficiency by having Covid-19 centers and increase the number of beds and facilities.


To explore the methods to measure the content of polygonum multiflorum wine and improve its quality standards can ensure its quality and treatment effect.The paper adopts HPLC method,which is easy,feasible and effective.In this case, it can be the quality control index of this medicine.


We introduce DLR ,̀ an extension of the n-ary propositionally closed description logic DLR to deal with attribute-labelled tuples (generalising the positional notation), projections of relations, and global and local objectification of relations, able to express inclusion, functional, key, and external uniqueness dependencies. The logic is equipped with both TBox and ABox axioms forming a DLR` knowledge base (KB). We show how a simple syntactic restriction on the appearance of projections sharing common attributes in the KB makes reasoning in the language decidable with the same computational complexity as DLR. The obtained DLR ̆ n-ary description logic is able to encode more thoroughly conceptual data models such as EER, UML, and ORM.


This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations on an Oxford-type dual-opposed moving-coil linear compressor aiming to achieve an electric input power capacity of 12 kW, which is a great challenge in the moving-coil compressor field. A linearized model is established in which systematic analyses about force balance, mechanical resonance and magnetic circuit are conducted. The relations between air gap and magnetic field intensity in the magnetic circuit are focused on to optimize the motor efficiency, and the design of linear motor and mechanical spring are discussed in a more detailed way. The prototype compressor is worked out and tested, and experimental results are compared with theoretical analyses. The developed compressor will be coupled with a coaxial pulse tube cold head, which is expected to provide 600 W of cooling power at 77 K for cooling the high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables.


In this article, a novel mesh‐free, moving Kriging (MK) based collocation scheme for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) is introduced. In contrast to methods that are based on a Galerkin weak form of the governing PDEs, the MK collocation (MKC) approach, which is strong form based, is truly mesh‐free in the sense that no background mesh is required for numerical integration. In fact, the presented approach does not require the evaluation of any integrals. Since the approximation function in the MK framework can be conditioned on point value‐ as well as derivative‐information, the pointwise exact imposition of essential as well as natural boundary conditions is rendered straightforward. By incorporating an explicit linear basis into the MK framework, the first‐order consistency condition is fulfilled, and thus rigid body motions are captured accurately. Moreover, Kriging functions may be conceived that comply with constraints on higher order derivatives such as the PDE at hand at certain locations. This possibility proves useful in improving the solution accuracy in the vicinity of Dirichlet boundaries. This article provides a study of the method's characteristics by means of 2D linear elasticity examples. It concludes with a suggestion on how to apply MKC to nonlinear PDEs.


IgA nephropathy (also called Berger's disease) is characterized by glomerular mesangial deposition of IgA (mainly IgAl) in renal biopsy specimens as determined by immunohistochemistry and is considered to be an immunecomplex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Epidemiologically, it is well knownthat there are geographic, ethnic and/or familial clusters of patients with IgA nephropathy. Dimeric and/or polymeric IgAl in the glomerular mesangial areas have been observed in patients with IgA nephropathy. IgA nephropathy is defined as nephropathy showing proliferative changes in the glomerular mesangial cells and increases in the mesangial matrices, associated with deposition of IgA. However, 4%of the kidneys studied at autopsy showed IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangial areas even in the absence of clinically evident renal disease in the large autopsy study of Sinniah et al (1). Thus, it is possible that a variety of mechanisms may lead to deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangial areas, and other factors may induce these deposits to cause glomerular injuries with subsequent production of clinical renal disease. It remains uncertain whether mesangial IgA (IgAl)-immune complexes (IC) or polymeric IgAl directly cause glomerular injury, or they are only secondary to some other pathological process. If IgA-IC/polymeric IgA has direct effects on glomerular injury, it would appear that they contribute to pathogenesis by including complement activation such as in the classical inflammatory cascade of type III (IC type) allergy (2). However, the mechanisms of IgA-IC/ polymeric IgA binding to the glomerular mesangial cells and/ or areas are still obscure. Possible mechanismsof such binding include the following: 1 ) pinocytosis, 2) charge-dependent binding, 3) cytokine activity, 4) circulating or localized producing complement activation, 5) uteroglobin activity, 6) via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR),7) via the Fca receptor (CD89), 8) via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (plgR), and 9) via other novel Fcoc receptors. Leung et al (3) concluded that there wasan absence of Fca receptor (CD89), ASGPR,or plgR on humanmesangial cells. They suggested that the predominant binding of human IgAl to human mesangial cells is mediated by another mechanism, i.e. chargedependent binding. However, Suzuki et al (4) investigated the characteristics of Fca receptors in humanmesangial cells to assess the role of polymeric IgA/IgA-IC in IgA nephropathy and confirmed the gene expression of Fcoc receptor in cultured mesangial cells by RT-PCRand Southern blotting. Tsuge et al (5) identified two novel polymorphisms in the functional promoter region of the Fca receptor gen&Frequencies of the homozygous+56CCgenotype and +56Callele in patients with IgA nephropathy were significantly higher than those in both control groups, i.e. patients with other chronic proliferative glomerulonephritides and healthy adults. The frequencies of the -1 14CC genotype and -114C allele tended to increase in patients with IgA nephropathy compared with those in both control groups. It appears that polymorphisms of the Fca receptor promoter region are associated with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy, suggesting the importance of the Fca receptor gene and its expression in patients with IgA nephropathy. The role of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (plgR) in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is still obscure. plgR is an integral membranesecretory component localized on the basolateral surface of secretory epithelial cells. It mediates the transepithelial transport of polymeric IgA. plgR is detected in most human secretory epithelia, including the intestines, bronchi, salivary glands, renal tubules and uterus. The plgR neutralizes extracellular and intracellular pathogens in mucous membranesby epithelial transport of polymeric IgA-pathogen complexesand then excretes themvia epithelial transcytosis (3). It is reasonable to hypothesize that individual variations in mucosalimmuneresponse to common environmental antigens such as food, bacterial or viral antigens may participate in determining the development of this disease. Narita et al (6) examined the association of the gene polymorphism of plgR in patients with and without IgA nephropathy in order to explore the possibility that genetic predisposition to dysfunction of mucosal immunity and the IgA processing pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of mesangial IgAl deposition in this disease.


Objective To understand and analyze traits of critical thinking of young nurses and to provide reference for the training of nurses' critical thinking.Methods Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV) was applied to get information of traits of critical thinking of 280 young nurses of 4 hospitals in Wenzhou.Results Seven items in CTDI-CV whose scores ranked from high to low in turn were as follows: inquisitiveness,analysis ability,systematicity,confidence of critical thinking,open-mindedness,cognitive maturity and seeking truth.There was no statistical significance of scores from nurses with different lengths of service.Conclusion There is no clear relationship between critical thinking and service length.Related training should be provided to cultivate young nurses' critical thinking,particularly their ability of seeking truth.


Through the analysis of south of Jiangsu industrial transfer, the article concluded the impact on Guan river basin water environment because of the industrial structure adjustment, the expansion of industrial scale and the acceleration of urbanization, furthermore, it lead to the increase of industrial pollution, ecological functions abate, life pollution increases lead to water environment quality decrease. The threat root from problems is: the serious pollution, water and soil erosion, water resource consumption increase. The indirect contribution is the improvement of economic benefit and social benefit.


A heuristic model of human reasoning is discussed where the reasoner must contend with dynamically-changing goals and actions of other actors in the world. A process model based on heuristic strategies is presented for decision making in obstructive and constructive counterplanning situations. The former situation is characterized by an actor striving to thwart the goals and plans of a second actor. The latter, is the dual situation; it provides general means for an actor to pursue his goal in spite of attempts by others to block his plans. The model has been implemented as part of the POLITICS system, a computer program that understands simple natural language accounts of international political conflicts. KEY UORDS AND TOPICS: p l a n n i n g , c o u n t e r p l a n n i n g , n a t u r a l languaqe , h e u r i s t i c s , i n f e r e n c e , r u l e b a s e d systems. '


Non-conscious processes involved in the formulation, organization, and expression of thought and consciousness are examined. It is argued that non-organized impulses and imageless non-linguistic knowledge exist prior to and result in the organization recognized as consciousness and thought. Hence consciousness is viewed as the developmental endpoint of a unitary process originating as non-activated sensations and knowledge, i.e., awareness. Because one can be aware of and have knowledge of "things" prior to being conscious of them, it is possible to know, yet not know, or rather not think about certain objectionable feelings or tacit ideas. These imageless, non-linguistic forms of knowledge are not unconscious; rather they are non-labeled and non-descriptive. Within this framework the Freudian conception of unconscious processes is examined and shown to support a model of self-deception, defined as a conscious refusal to attend to unstructured tacit knowledge of which one is simultaneously aware.


Departing from on-going fieldwork in China and Northern Europe among Swiss nationals, the aim of this article is to contribute towards clarification of the often somewhat unreflected use of concepts within the 'migration-mobility continuum'. We sketch a mobilities-informed, and data-grounded ethnographic research approach and investigate the various forms, meanings and outcomes of mobility and migration throughout three life stories. In conclusion, we argue for a empirically grounded, and sophisticated usage of theoretical frameworks and concepts, and we discuss how this can contribute to a more critical, differentiated research about mobility and migration


A projection microscope, modified for measurement of the small angle-scattering of tracks observed in nuclear emulsions, is described. The apparatus has been used to determine the masses of cosmic-ray particles which come to rest in the emulsion. If single scatters are eliminated, a function of the scattering angle and the range may be found which is independent of energy and has a Gaussian distribution.


In order to extend the Schutzenberger's factorization, the combinatorial Hopf algebra of the q-stuffles product is developed systematically in a parallel way with that of the shuffle product and and in emphasizing the Lie elements as studied by Ree. In particular, we will give here an effective construction of pair of bases in duality. ( 24-09-2013 04:21)


Attaining financial self sufficiency has never been an important agenda for the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) for the states in India. It has, in fact, performed more as an instrument of expenditure decentralization instead of functioning as a driver of financial decentralization. Quite evidently, without financial self-sufficiency any local government would soon tend to run out of steam and eventually comply with a limited understanding of treating Gram Panchayats (henceforth, GPs) as mere implementing agencies. This in turn is expected to limit the scope of several programs as discussed by Mukarji & Bandyopadhyay (1993). However, it seems that the fiscal limitation is not the only factor which restrains GPs from undertaking desired operations. The legal and institutional frameworks within which the GPs function are of paramount importance and demand explicit considerations if one attempts to review the aspect of financial self-sufficiency among the GPs


Sources of risk to children include far more than risk of harm to children from biological parents. Key opportunities to reveal and decrease avoidable ignorance that contribute to avoidable risk to children and families have been neglected such as clearly describing the evidentiary status of services provided and outcomes attained. A systemic view of risk requires attention to faulty assessment, referral to agencies that offer ineffective programs, failure to monitor outcomes and the quality of the social worker–client relationship on an ongoing basis, dysfunctional organizational arrangements and failure to involve clients as informed participants. An examination of the websites of child welfare agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area revealed that not one offered information that would enable informed decision making. Education programs may fail to help students to acquire skills in the process of evidence-informed practice. Based on a systemic view of risk, an agenda to decrease avoidable ignorance that contributes to avoidable risks to children and families is suggested emphasizing informed consent obligations. This includes increasing transparency regarding what is done to what effect including professional education and welcoming criticism of practices and policies and related claims. Reasons for failure to reveal and decrease such ignorance are explored including economic interests in the adoption and child welfare services industry.


During the age of mass tourism, legislation is necessary to cover the rights and obligations of both passengers and airlines. Air passengers' rights are enshrined in specific laws that support travelers and provide for protection and compensation when people face flight disruptions. These rules may differ depending on the region. The main problem in this field is that many people are unaware that the law is on their side and even passenger rights exist. Experience shows that 85% of air passengers are unaware of their rights. The legal basis of the European Union air passengers' rights is Articles 91 and 100 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establish common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. Key words: passenger rights, flight delay; flight cancellation; overbooked flight; missed connecting flight; airline strike; delayed, lost, or damaged baggage.


Background We showed that Beclin‐1‐dependent autophagy protects the heart in young and adult mice that underwent endotoxemia. Herein, we compared the potential therapeutic effects of Beclin‐1 activating peptide, TB‐peptide, on endotoxemia‐induced cardiac outcomes in young adult and aged mice. We further evaluated lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide)‐induced and TB‐peptide treatment‐mediated alterations in myocardial metabolism. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice that were 10 weeks and 24 months old were challenged by lipopolysaccharide using doses at which cardiac dysfunction occurred. Following the treatment of TB‐peptide or control vehicle, heart contractility, circulating cytokines, and myocardial autophagy were evaluated. We detected that TB‐peptide boosted autophagy, attenuated cytokines, and improved cardiac performance in both young and aged mice during endotoxemia. A targeted metabolomics assay was designed to detect a pool of 361 known metabolites, of which 156 were detected in at least 1 of the heart tissue samples. Lipopolysaccharide‐induced impairments were found in glucose and amino acid metabolisms in mice of all ages, and TB‐peptide ameliorated these alterations. However, lipid metabolites were upregulated in the young group but moderately downregulated in the aged by lipopolysaccharide, suggesting an age‐dependent response. TB‐peptide mitigated lipopolysaccharide‐mediated trend of lipids in the young mice but had little effect on the aged. (Study registration: Project DOI: https://doi.org/10.21228/M8K11W). Conclusions Pharmacological activation of Beclin‐1 by TB‐peptide is cardiac protective in both young and aged population during endotoxemia, suggest a therapeutic potential for sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy. Metabolomics analysis suggests that an age‐independent protection by TB‐peptide is associated with reprograming of energy production via glucose and amino acid metabolisms.


The series features monographs and edited volumes on the topics of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Works from the broader domain of lexicology are also included if they strengthen the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Thevolumes focus on aspects of lexicography such as micro- and macrostructure, typology, history of the discipline, and application-oriented lexicographical documentation.


The Earth's gravity field is constantly changing due to mass redistribution from ice melting in the cryosphere and geophysical processes. With use of data from dedicated gravity satellite missions variations in the Earth's gravity field over a time series can be determined. This thesis tries to give an explanation on how the Earth's gravity field changes on a global scale and regionally with the use of data from the GRACE-mission over a time period. With comparison between three different GRACE-solutions and the use of SLR-observations, the mass changes over Greenland has been estimated. In addition, a further look into the lower degree spherical harmonics has been studied, to explain and give a conclusion of how the lower degree spherical harmonics from GRACE are affecting the calculations of the gravity field. GRACE-data has its uncertainties in the lower degree spherical harmonics. The C20-coefficients from GRACE has large variances and therefore needs to be replaced by SLR-values when looking at global variations. Trend calculations shows how post glacial rebound(GIA) influence Canada and Fennoscandia, and ice melting over Greenland, Alaska and Antarctica. The investigation of lower degree spherical harmonic coefficients shows that it is not significant how the C20-coefficients are processed when estimating mass changes over the area of Greenland. Due to restricted spatial resolution of the gravity field models and spatial averaging, it is hard to get a real estimate of the mass changes over a specific area. This is called the leakage effect and has been studied over the area of Greenland. The leakage effect has been estimated and restored, and mass change over Greenland has been estimated to be between -1832.76 km and -2087.72 km, depending on the model used.


Introduction The most widely used protocol for the induction of experimental allergic airway inflammation in mice involves sensitization by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) used in conjunction with the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (alum). Although adjuvants are frequently used, there are questions regarding the necessity of alum for murine asthma studies due to the non‐physiological nature of this chemical.


The equilibrium position yep/H of a particle in a microchannel flow of Newtonian and power-law fluids with an obstacle is numerically studied using the lattice Boltzmann method in the range of the ratio of an obstacle to particle diameter 0.5 ≤ β ≤ 2, fluid power-law index 0.4 ≤ n ≤ 1, Reynolds number 20 ≤ Re ≤ 60, and blockage ratio 0.15 ≤ k ≤ 0.3. Some results are validated by comparing them with the available results. The results showed that, when a particle migrates around an obstacle in the flow behind and near the obstacle, the particle with a different initial, y/H, migrates downstream in a different lateral position, yep/H, and the larger the value of β, the closer the value of yep/H is to the centerline. Therefore, the value of yep/H can be controlled by changing β in the wake zone of the obstacle. However, in the flow far downstream from the obstacle, the particle with a different initial y/H tends to have the same yep/H when n, Re and k are fixed, but the values of yep/H are different for different n, Re and k; i.e., the larger the values of n, Re and k, the closer the value of yep/H is to the centerline. The value of β has no effect on the value of yep/H. In the flow far downstream from the obstacle, the flow distance required for the particle to reach yep/H increases with increasing β and n but decreases with decreasing Re and k.


In many rural regions, tourism is accepted as a natural part of the socio-economic fabric juxtaposed with agriculture. It is clear that rural tourism is based on rural amenities; however, it is not clear how this relates to agriculture. Are these interrelationships of mutual benefit, in the sense that while rural tourism provides the farmer with auxiliary funding to continue his/her agricultural activity, the latter is an important or even necessary component of rural tourism? Do active farms with rural tourism enjoy economies to scope and run their businesses more efficiently than firms with only a single activity? The focus of this paper is on these inter-relationships and their impact on the supply and demand for rural tourism accommodations.


This study investigated whether heterogeneity of physical properties in dietary items would be reflected in the molar dentitions of extant mammals that specialize on invertebrate prey. Measurements of six shearing crests were made on lower second molars in three pairs of microchiropteran species, one pair of insectivoran species, and one pair of primate species. The physical properties of prey species routinely consumed is distinctive within each of these taxonomic pairs. Hard- and soft-object feeding insectivores were statistically distinct from one another on the basis of differential development of shearing features on their molar dentitions. Specifically, soft-object feeders, those mammals that primarily consume moths, caterpillars, and worms, exhibit relatively more shearing development than do closely related taxa that have more generalized feeding patterns including large quantities of hard-bodied beetles.


lead to 95% improvement in hearing.[1] As a technical advancement in instrumentation nowadays surgeons are using laser to create fenestration in the foot plate of stapes as it to improves precision. As the thickness and diameter of the bone charred while creating a fenestration in the foot plate is controlled with high precision laser, complications are reported to be less frequent2,3] However, several earlier and latter studies showed no significant differences between laser-assisted, micro drill, and manual microsurgical stapedotomy in regard with auditory gain.[4-10] Many authors who used laser opined that instead of better hearing outcome, the micro drill and/or laser were very helpful in providing greater accuracy during precise manipulations and thereby reduce surgical trauma, which has important advantage over patients' safety compared to handheld instruments.[11-14] In this context, the present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the clinical auditory gain after primary stapedotomy both with handheld micro burr and slow-speed micro drill methods of fenestration. INTRODUCTION


Background and Objectives: Duranta erecta is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of myriad of diseases in Africa. The study was carried out to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic leaves extract of D. erecta in experimental rats in order to ascertain its potential toxic effects. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity study was performed by fixed dose method at 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute study performed on both male and female rats, group I (control) received 1 mL of freshly distilled water, groups II, III, IV were treated with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of freshly prepared extract respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, haematological and biochemical Original Research Article Donkor et al.; JPRI, 32(6): 9-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI.55990 10 parameters were determined. Internal organs (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, testes and uterus) were weighed. Results: 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be > 5 g/kg body weight. The subacute toxicity assessment resulted in overall body weight increase, a change in relative organ weight of the liver, lung, stomach, and changes in the haematological indices such as HCT%, LYM%, RDWSD/fL, MCHC, MCV/fL, P-LCR% and biochemical parameters namely ALT, AST, LDH and creatinine of the tested group relative to the normal. The positive activity of the extract on liver enzymes and LDH is an indication of its good hepatoprotective potential. Conclusion: The results affirmed that the extract is safe but could cause kidney problems when used for a prolonged period.


The integrated navigation system was taken as research background and an information fusion algorithm based on adaptive federal Kalman filter (AFKF) was studied. ARMA model and self-adapting information sharing factor were applied to federal filter so as to accomplish information fusion. The semi-physical simulation of GPS/INS system is carried out, and the results illustrate that this method can inhibit divergence of filter and improve the accuracy and convergence speed of the whole system.


The invention provides a subject area identifying method based on weight of a text structure. Based on a tree structure, the method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: resolving a webpage into a label tree and improving a data area excavation and semanteme link block identifying technology on the basis of tree matching, thereby realizing pre-processing for removing links; providing a concept of the weight of the text structure and identifying a subject area with the assistance of the calculation result of the weight of the text structure; and finally adopting a normalization method to calculate a relative length value of a text node in the subject area, and using the normalized relative length value for effectively removing the text node independent from a subject content, thereby realizing denoising in the subject area and acquiring an accurate subject content. By applying the technical scheme of the invention, valuable information on the webpage can be accurately and rapidly excavated, thus the subject area identifying method provided by the invention has a wide application prospect.


This experiment is designed to investigate the effects of some factor s on the sperm motility of Anodonta woodiana Pacifica Houde. It mainly contains three parts: 1) the effects of different pH conditions on sperm motility and the test on the best pH condition for the sperm motility; 2) the effects of differe nt concentrations(1%-5%) of inorganic positive ions(Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH+4, etc.) under pH 8.5 on the sperms and 3) the outcoming sperm activity after 5 h, 10 h, 15 h and 20 h of hormone(HCG) injections into four of the Anodonta wo odiana Pacifica Houde.


The utility model relates to a system for a mode hookup for controlling among burning developments and gas turbine engine. A second combustor that the gas turbine engine system includes to have a fuel injector's first combustor and have the 2nd fuel injector. The system still includes first acoustics adjuster, and it has the first driver that links the first piston that has first fuel drill way. First piston is arranged along the fuel injector's towards first combustor first fuel channel. The system still includes second acoustics adjuster, and it has the second driver that links the second piston that has second fuel drill way. The second piston is arranged along the 2nd fuel injector's towards the second combustor second fuel channel.


This paper is concerned with the stabilization of uncertain systems via output feedback. The principal result demonstrates that if an uncertain system can be stabilized via linear static state feedback, then one can stabilize uncertain systems via dynamic output feedback which are "arbitrarily close" to the original system. Most importantly, these results are achieved under relatively weak assumptions.


................................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background to the study ................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the problem .................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Purpose of the study .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Research Objectives .......................................................................................................... 2 1.5. Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 3 1.6. Significance of the study .................................................................................................. 3 1.7. Basic assumptions of the study ......................................................................................... 3 1.8. Delimitations of the study ................................................................................................. 4 1.9. Limitations of the study .................................................................................................... 4 1.10. Definition of significant terms used in the study .............................................................. 4 1.11. Organisation of the study .................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 6 2.


PT. KKK Surabaya is a managing housing loan (mortgage) company for a Bank in East Java region. The speed of service and accuracy of information in mortgage submission is one way togain customer trust and loyalty. Mortgage submission requires the prospective customer toprepare all needed documents completely. As a liaison between PT. KKK Surabaya withcustomers, Direct Sales requires access accurate information related to mortgage submissionanytime anywhere. In order to get those informations, Direct Sales often need more time to reachthe relevant departments in the company. Moreover, if the customer Mortgage submission isincomplete or problematic. Aim of this research is to develop a documents control informationsystem of Mortgage submission in PT. KKK Surabaya. This research method use waterfall modelas Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used in analysis and design system. System implementation apply CodeIgniter framework, PHP asprogramming languages and MySQL as database. As results, web-based documents controlinformation system of Mortgage submission can be accessed from all devices at any time anywhere. This information system has document control feature and can generate periodicreports such as Direct Sales visit report and Mortgage submission Report.


The early literature on base of the pyramid (BOP) strategies argued that multinational enterprises can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation of the poorest population in the world. An emergent perspective suggests that the solution to poverty lies within the BOP itself. Here, entrepreneurship within the BOP population is seen as the more credible solution to poverty. In this Special Issue introduction, we briefly present how the literature has further shifted the discussion of BOP strategies toward issues such as innovation, networks, business models, and sustainability at the BOP. This analysis signals a gap in our knowledge related to the success factors in business models of BOP entrepreneurs, with attention to economic, social, and environmental impacts. We present the five articles accepted for publication in this Special Issue, of which three contribute to our knowledge of BOP business models and two to our knowledge of sustainability at the BOP. In conclusion, we propose several avenues for future research.


In this study, the removal efficiency of 24 odorous compounds was measured in diverse control process units of 7 individual chemical companies located in Ban-Wall & Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from March to August, 2007. To quantify the removal efficiency rates of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from the inside process and both the front and rear side of 7 control process units. As the results of this study, it was shown that toluene, ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde were dominant odorous compounds in the inside process. In addition, VOCs, TMA and acetaldehyde were also detected at higher concentrations in the stacks and 10 (toluene, acetone, ethyl benzene, xylene etc.) out of 24 index compounds were found to have negative removal efficiencies. According to the removal efficiency evaluation of seven odor control facilities, a company equipped with two connected absorption processes was shown to have positive (+) removal efficiencies for 16 odor substances and NH₃, TMA, acetaldehyde, the priority odor substances, which meant the proper control system was installed and operated. Hence, to obtain best removal efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, the database on source characteristics and the development of management techniques of diverse control process units are continually needed.


The evolution of the technique of the semiconductor industry changes with each passing day. The requirements for full process automation and cost reduction are also gradually becoming imperative. The assembly technique has moved from online ink to off-line ink, but these two techniques will still make some impacts on the wafer quality and increase the cost. Through our research, we have developed the "Inkless system". It significantly improves the degree of assembly automation and the quality of wafers, and also reduces a considerable the amount of cost, which satisfies the requirements for high yield rate and high business processing efficiency.


Despite the potential severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we currently have no vaccine for disease prevention and no specific therapy for established infection. Now, researchers — with industry support — have conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the antiviral activity of ALS-008176, an orally available prodrug of RSV replication inhibitor ALS-008112.

Housed in a …


I NFORMATION about coronary artery disease has been derived mainly from data on acute hospitalized cases and from the experiences of specialists. Little is known about the much larger number of patients who are treated at home and in the offices of their personal physicians. These physicians are an important source of information pertaining to the chronic ambulatory patient; consequently, their experiences contribute to a better understanding of the magnitude of this public health problem and should prove helpful in the development of community programs for control and prevention. The present study was planned to obtain information from physicians in private practice regarding their practices, experiences with chronic patients, and opinions about coronary artery disease. The Washington Heights Health District was selected as the study area for several reasons. The high level of cooperation from physicians in this district in a recent survey indicated that the response rate would be high. The staff of the Columbia University School of Public Health has become familiar with the problems of conducting field studies in this locality during the course of several community and epidemiologic studies. Considerable information on illness and sources of medical care is available as a result of recent studies of large samples of households in this district.1 The Washington Heights Health District, located above 134th Street at the northern end of Manhattan, is an old residential neighborhood with 270,000 residents.2 In comparison with the entire city, it has an excess of foreign-born, and of persons over 65 years of age. The area contains several voluntary and private hospitals, in addition to Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.* Also located in the district are the facilities of several prepayment plans


The HeBEx model proposes the creativity, in the form of research and development (R&D) as well as number of patents, drives opportunity which is characterized by exports and new businesses.This in turn pushes productivity, evidenced by the country's GDP. The profits derived from which fuel future innovation and investments in R&D, evidenced buy entrepreneurship indices and subsequent reinvestment.


We analyze the square lattice, which is allowed to fold on itself along its bonds in a two-dimensional embedding space, with bending energy (u) and attractive (\ensuremath{\omega}0) or repulsive (\ensuremath{\omega}g0) interactions. We discuss two types of interaction, the first one is proportional to the contact area and the second one is proportional to the number of pairs of elementary squares which occupy the same place in the plane. We obtain the phase diagrams in the (u,\ensuremath{\omega}) plane for both interactions. We also perform the numerical analysis for the first type of interaction and discuss its relation to the sequential folding transition of the polymerized membrane with the attractive interaction [F. F. Abraham and M. Kardar, Science 252, 419 (1991)]. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


This paper analyzes the basic technology of GIS and MapX,reserches how to utilize the graphics library of transmission line device.In this article,implement method of the main function is decribed,which enhance the efficiency of diagram editor and adaption of the software.


Clinical Applications of PCR (Methods in Molecular Medicine, Volume 16). Edited by Y.M. Dennis Lo. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, Inc., 1998, 353 pp. $69. ISBN 0-89603-359-7.

Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first described in 1985, the technique and its applications have gone through many rounds of their own amplification. Clinical Applications of PCR is written as a guide to the many applications of PCR in clinical molecular medicine. The book begins with a general introduction to the principles of PCR that is clearly written and covers …


This study utilized Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) mechanistic-empirical (M-E) technology and Mn/ROAD mainline pavement section data and information to verify/refine/modify IDOT M-E analysis and design concepts and procedures for full-depth asphalt concrete (FDAC) and conventional flexible pavements (CFP). The Mn/ROAD mainline flexible pavements include eleven CFP and three FDAC pavement sections. Four different granular materials were used in the CFP. A fine-grained soil subgrade (R-value of about 12) is present throughout the mainline. Laboratory material testing results, field distress measurements, and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test data were used to study pavement deflection response and performance (rutting and asphalt concrete fatigue). The study demonstrated that the IDOT M-E analysis and design procedures for FDAC and CFP sections are adequate. The ILLI-PAVE structural model adequately predicts the pavement responses. The use of bi-linear (arithmetic) subgrade model and the "theta" granular material model ILLI-PAVE inputs closely replicate CFP field FWD deflection responses. The effect of granular material quality on CFP deflection response is very limited. The ILLI-PAVE FWD backcalculation algorithms are adequate for estimating the moduli of asphalt concrete and subgrade soils.


The technical programme included 200 presentations by marine experts from 30 countries and 37 states — including participants from Australia, Belize, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Scotland, Sweden, The Netherlands, Philippines, the United States, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska. Session topics included Oil Spills and Emergency Response, Ocean Surface Current and Wave Measurements, Oceanographic Applications and Air/Sea Interaction, Seagrass, Optical Sensing of Water Properties, Coastal Modelling and Fisheries Management, Coastal Monitoring and Processes, Land Cover and Wetlands Inventory, Mapping and Charting including Underwater Remote Sensing, and New Sensors and Systems. Specific areas of interest included presentations on Vesuvius eruptions, the Vosey oil-pipeline spill, polar region exploration, Great Lakes Coast-watch update, fluctuating Great Lakes water-level assessments, eclgrass and seagrass management, coral stress, salmon harvest management, coastal erosion and shoreline change detection, plume delineations, sediment dynamics, and Kenyan Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) mapping.


Metacognition has been defined in simple terms as 'thinking about the processes of thinking'. While thinking itself is a complex process, thinking about thinking becomes more elusive. But if a teacher painstakingly investigates the role of metacognition, and trains the learners too in that direction, such an effort may be worth rewarding because of the added advantages it may contribute to learning a second language in particular and studying subjects in general. This article proposes the needs and modes of incorporating metacognition in the context of teaching listening. Conventional training in listening stops with helping learners arrive at the content of what they have listened to. The input is processed exclusively for filtering fragments of contents for reproduction later and mastery of the target language is minimal in this approach. When metacognition is employed, the learner moves beyond comprehending the content, and reflects on the roots and routes of the learning processes.


Objective The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of HAX-1 gene and psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese Hans was studied by sequencing DNA. Methods DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood in 247 Chinese sporadic psoriasis patients and 102 normal controls. The gene sequence and the promoter region of HAX-1 were measured and SNPs of them were further genotyped. Related studies were carried out with the SPSS software. Results ① The results of DNA sequencing: One high frequency SNP was found in the 5′untranslated region of HAX-1 gene which the total sequence is 5313bp. ② The results of case-control study: The genotypic frequencies of SNP-104TG were no significant difference between psoriasis and control group(P0.05) although the T allele frequency in psoriasis vulgaris (53.4%) was higher than that in the normal control group (48.5%).Conclusion The genotypic frequencies of SNP-104TG in HAX-1 gene 5′UTR region were no significant difference between psoriasis and control group.


At present, indentation is considered as the most convenient approach for characterising materials for MEMS and even NEMS devices. Here, we demonstrate that a very slight change in the average surface roughness (Ra) of a commercial silicon wafer, that is, from 1.6 to 4.4 nm, can dramatically alter the indentation result. Another surface condition, namely, wetting, is also influential. Since it is not easy to quantitatively describe the effects of the interface between the indenter and tested material, the results of indentation test, as an approach for revealing the properties of a material, should be treated with great cautions.


Acknowledgments The author is grateful to Dr. J. Blair for the support, encouragement, and guidance received during this study, and especially for the opportunity to contribute to such a core technology touching most flight hardware. The expert statistics support from M. Rheinfurth, loads comments and data provided by W. Holland, and the meaningful critique on contents and presentation by R. Ryan are appreciated.


Within this project, two new methods of the control of pathogens were investigated. New methods are: a. use of local bacteria that are isolated from soils or growing substrates; and b. bacteria that are present within the plant. By using local antagonists, already present in growing substrates or within plants in the greenhouse, the chance is higher that antagonist can be successfully used against local pathogens. Bacteria that were isolated from soil of growers were assessed on their antagonistic potential in lab trials against Pythium ultimum, Meloidogyne spp. and Rhizobium rhizogenes and Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum. Finally, the effect of antagonists against Pythium and Meloidogyne was evaluated in pot trials in the greenhouse. All antagonists diminished brown colourization symptoms in stems caused by Pythium. Alcaligenues sp., Bacillus sp. en two unidentified species diminished root damage and Alcaligenues sp. as well as Bacillus also reduced also the number of offspring of Meloidogyne spp. within the roots. The use of local microorganisms offers a sustainable-, new solution to control pathogens. In this study, it was shown that Proteinase inhibitor 2 (PINII), Glucanase (LeGluB) and Chitinase (LeChi3) can be used in tomato to investigate the influence of antagonists or endophytes on the plant defence.


Inter-digital capacitive electrodes working as electric field sensors have been developed for touch panel applications. Evaluation circuits to convert variations in electric fields in such sensors into computer compatible data are commercially available. We report development of an Interdigital capacitive electrode working as a sensitive pressure sensor in the range 0-120 kPa. Essentially it is a touch/proximity sensor converted into a pressure sensor with a suitable elastomer buffer medium acting as the pressure transmitter. The performance of the sensor has been evaluated and reported. Such sensors can be made very economical in comparison to existing pressure sensors. Moreover, they are very convenient to be fabricated into sensor arrays involving a number of sensors for distributed pressure sensing applications such as in biomedical systems. Copyright © 2008 IFSA.


We study new probability distributions consisting in Pareto mixed by generalized inverse Gaussian. These distributions have a right superheavy tail, and it is well known that modelling the tail of the claim severity is very important when dealing with large claims. The lack of moments, is avoided considering a truncation. It is applied to a Spanish portfolio of civil responsibility of cars from the year 1992 to 2001 and the results are compared with the ones obtained ones from a Bayesian point estimation already studied in Vilar, Lozano 2007.


In this paper, we give a bigraphical model for web services composition. We investigate how to represent scope-based compensation handing mechanism by means of Bigraphical Reactive Systems (13RSs for short), which have been proposed to provide a uniform way to model spatially distributed systems that both compute and communicate. The service composition language we focus on is WSBPEL, which is the standard of web service composition and orchestration. This bigraphical model can be regarded as a unifying semantics of BPEL-like languages with the key concepts related to compensation handling. The rationality of the model is discussed by investigating the relationship between BPEL language and BRSs. Based on the bigraphical model, the algebraic laws for BPEL are proved as well.


record of personal experience in the handling of amputation cases gained during the two World Wars, and as a surgeon in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Erskine Hospital. I would preface my remarks by saying that, despite the claims made by the artificial limb makers and others with regard to the capabilities of the amputation case, any major amputation, even of the lower, and much more so, of the upper limb, produces a serious


The purpose of this study is to point out the reading views and the concepts underlying the second language teaching and learning process at regular schools, according to official documents which have been developed to guide the teaching practice, such as: the National Curriculum Parameters (1998), Sao Paulo's Curriculum Proposal, concerning the teaching of Modern Languages (MEC/SEE, 2008 a), as well as the manual addressed to high school English teachers (SEE, 2008 b). In order to achieve our purpose, after going through different reading views, based on Coracini's (1995, 2000, 2001) and Leffa's (1996) studies, some excerpts of the documents were revisited, so that we could observe how the pedagogical orientations are discursively designed and whether they are coherent with the theory that the material analyzed claims to adopt. Finally, this paper aims at thinking about the effects of some concepts, such as: reading, subject and language concepts upon the education of second language readers. From the theoretical point of view, the current study is based on the discursive perspective.


Abstract: We propose that sex differences in HPA regulation may emerge during puberty and help to explain sex differences in depression. In this study, we examined sex differences in cortisol responses to CRH challenge across pubertal stages in carefully screened control subjects from the Pittsburgh Psychobiologic Studies. Participants were 7‐16 years of age, physically healthy, and had no personal or family history of psychiatric disorder. Physician‐rated Tanner staging was conducted, followed by CRH challenge sessions including 30‐40 minutes pre‐infusion baseline, 1 μg/kg CRH infusion, 90‐180 minutes of post‐infusion measures, and 9‐10 plasma cortisol samples. Girls showed increasing total cortisol responses to CRH across Tanner stages, explained by slower recovery from peak cortisol levels, while boys showed similar total responses across Tanner stages. Results show subtle sex differences in the influence of puberty on HPA regulation at the pituitary level, which may represent one factor underlying the emergence of girls' greater rates of depression during this time.


Ramie is a natural fiber that is very potential to be developed in Indonesia. Decorticated-fiber which has been known as china grass produce different structures irregular part but shows a long straight section in the middle. This study aims to determine differences in chemical components, morphology and microstructure of two different parties after biodegumming process. China grass has been processed to remove gum using pectinolytic fungus. The microstructure of the treated was further tested by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The FTIR study indicated that during the biodegumming process, chemical bonding of non-cellulose components most removed by the activity of pectinase from the fungus. XRD analysis reflects an increase in the crystallinity of the fiber after biodegumming. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm a reduction in the size of the fiber after biodegumming either in the irregular and regular part of the fiber after biodegumming.


Silver nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs) are both highrefractive-index materials. In addition, silver possesses plasmonic properties, and QDs are highly efficient fluorescers. These properties can be employed in various optical devices. However, aggregation of the nanoparticles presents challenges. They are prone to agglomerate to reduce a very high surface energy. The size, shape, and extent of aggregation affects the optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles. Consequently, it is necessary to control the agglomeration to control the optical properties of microstructures containing them. This can be achieved either by chemical functionalization of the nanoparticle surface or by controlling the formation dynamics of nanomaterials inside hybrid structures. We have successfully used two-photon lithography (TPL) to fabricate microstructures containing silver or QD nanoparticles. TPL is a fast-prototyping method that photoinduces chemical reactions in a patternable medium, allowing direct writing of microstructures. Femtosecond lasers with high repetition rates induce very specific chemical changes at the focal spot of the laser within a photoactive medium. Two-photon sensitivity is key to initiating chemical changes during microfabrication. For this reason, the patternable medium should contain a two-photon-absorbing (TPA) material acting as a sensitizer or an initiator. The spatial selectivity of the chemical process arises from the inverse dependence of two-photon absorption on the intensity of the laser beam. Polymeric as well as inorganicorganic hybrid materials have previously been used to fabricate the microstructures.1–4 Figure 1. (a) Functionalized SU8 epoxy resin, (b) gammabutyrolactone, (c) triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate photo acid generator, (d) silver trifluoroacetate, (e) spirofluorene-based twophoton-absorbing dye. N: Nitrogen.


Abstract We captured 702 northern pike Esox lucius in 416 gill-net sets on 17 monthly occasions from July 1991 to June 1993 to examine seasonal variation in sampling data in Lake Thompson, South Dakota. Mean catch per effort (CPE) of northern pike 35 cm or longer differed significantly among months during both years. Mean CPE was lowest in winter and peaked in spring of both years. Size structure estimates were lowest during early spring and summer when males dominated samples and were highest during winter when females dominated samples. Northern pike 86 cm or longer were caught primarily in winter during ice cover. Relative weight (Wr ) of male and female northern pike increased during fall, peaked in late winter, and declined during the spawning period. A similar pattern was found for the gonadosomatic index of female northern pike but not for males. Increases in the gonadosomatic index for males occurred entirely during fall. Gonadosomatic index and Wr were positively correlated for female northern pi...


The effects of sex steroids and pregnancy on blood coagulation factors were studied in 6 groups of women in various reproductive phases over a 5-month period. The prothrombin and proconvertin levels were significantly increased by Ortho-Novum (p less than .00001) and by pregnancy (p less than .0001). Factors 7 9 and 10 were also significantly increased (p less than .0001 p less than .001 and p less than .001 respectively). These results suggest that a patient starting oral contraceptives should have a prothrombin and proconvertin determination at the end of the first month of medication when an increase would be apparent. In the event of an increase over 200% the physician may wish to watch the patient more closely for evidence of thromboembolic disease. In such a case the authors suggest that medication need not be stopped.


Combined with baseground of the engineering example,the paper introduced the construction technology points,construction process and quality requirements of electromechanical installation works,to perfect the architectural electromechanical assembled projects construction technique,and meet the utility function of architecture.Also similar projects can borrow ideas from it.


Numerous studies have investigated the impact of family influence on the performance of a firm. The most-cited scholarly article in this respect was published by Anderson and Reeb (2003) who found that publicly quoted family firms outperformed their nonfamily counterparts. Since publication of Anderson and Reeb's (2003) article, comparable studies have been replicated throughout the world. Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005) wrote a comprehensive overview of existing family business performance studies.
The research does not present a monolithic picture. The link between performance and family influence is greatly affected by the definition of the family firm employed in the research, the precise question analyzed by the researchers, and the definition of performance considered. Whereas the literature provided by Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005, 14) includes studies that show superior performance of family firms along various performance dimensions, other studies draw a less positive picture of family firm performance. For example Bennedsen, Nielsen, Perez-Gonzalez and Wolfenzon (2006) find that overall, non-family CEOs provide valuable services to the organizations they head, thereby supporting the case that family managed firms have lower performance than non-family firms. In a similar vein, Perez-Gonzalez (2006) finds that firms where incoming CEOs are related to the departing CEO, to a founder, or to a large shareholder by either blood or marriage undergo large declines in operating returns on assets and market-to-book ratios, relative to firms that promote unrelated CEOs. Furthermore, Bloom and van Reenen (2006) find that that poor management practices are more prevalent when family-owned firms pass management control down to the eldest sons (primo geniture).
Because the available research is ambiguous as to whether family influence is beneficial or detrimental to firm performance, we need to further investigate in what ways family as an organizational variable affects firm performance.


In this article we aim to discuss the institutionalization of Project Management in Brazilian public administration context, more specifically, in Fiocruz, a complex Brazilian federal public organization. The relevance of the topic in the panel is focuses on contributing to the accomplishment of the organization's missions, to the success of it's projects and to the achievement of the organizational objectives. The significance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to overcome the mishaps and challenges of the Project Management Office (PMO) in the public sector. The general objective is to propose actions aimed at the institutionalization of project management in an organization with this profile. As specific objectives, the work aimed to map the existing Project Management Offices in Fiocruz; to analyze information on how projects are managing; and, to define standard procedures for institutional project management. The applicability of the research is very relevant, inasmuch as with the adoption of the standard procedures and implementation of the proposed actions, it can be obtained gains such as: resources optimization; adoption of a culture of recording lessons learned; better functioning of collegial bodies; and culture reach excellence in project management.


Background: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of rapidly acquired resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) mediated by the Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) signaling pathway and to provide evidence that treatment with combinations of EGFR and FGFR inhibitors may be a promising strategy for some patients who are resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Methods: For this purpose, PC-9 cell lines (non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line harboring exon 19 del in EGFR) with FGF2 silencing or overexpression were established and FGF2 expression in these cells was determined to determine acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of the resistant cell lines were assessed. A whole-genome Affymetrix 3' IVT microarray chip was used to detect the expression of downstream genes in the resistant cell lines. Results: The results revealed that the viability of the PC-9 cells increased with FGF2 overexpression in the presence of exogenous FGF2, which indicated that exogenous FGF2 assisted in inducing rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in FGF2-overexpressing PC-9 cells. Cell biology assays further demonstrated EGFR-TKI-resistant behavior, such as a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in proliferation, and the enhancement of the invasive and migratory ability of PC-9-FGF2overexpressing cells incubated with exogenous FGF2. Microarray analysis suggested that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play an important role in FGF2-mediated rapidly acquired drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Conclusion: On the whole, in this study, a cell model of FGF2-mediated rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in an NSCLC cell line was successfully constructed. This may prove to be the basis for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms of FGF2-mediated rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Besides, this study provides evidence that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FGF2-mediated rapidly acquired drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs.


Arrays of Fe nanodots were fabricated from an epitaxial Fe (20 nm) film on Cu (001)/Si(001) by using laser interference lithography and chemical wet etching. The nanodots were aligned parallel to the two magnetic hard directions of the film and were arranged on rectangular lattices of different periods in order to engineer the magnetic anisotropy of the system by using the shape of array. As the separation between dots along one direction decrease from 550 nm to 150 nm, the dipole interaction effect became strong, and finally a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy were realized.


Introduction We evaluated with transit time flow the performance of the right and left thoracic arteries when used as a graft for the left anterior descending artery. Methods Fifty patients undergoing surgery for myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass were divided into two groups. In group A patients received graft of right internal mammary artery to the anterior interventricular branch. In group B patients received graft of left internal mammary artery to the same branch. At the end of the operation the flow was assessed by measuring transit time. Results In group A, mean age was 60.6±9.49 years. The average height and weight of the group was 80.4±10.32 kg and 169.2±6.86 cm. The average number of grafts per patient in this group was 3.28±1.49. The mean flow and distal resistance obtained in right internal thoracic artery was 42.1±23.4 ml/min and 2.8±0.9 respectively. In group B, the mean age was 59.8±9.7 years. The average height and weight of this group was 77.7±14.22 kg and 166.0±8.2 cm. The average number of grafts per patient in this group was 3.08 ±0.82. The mean flow and distal resistance observed in this group was 34.2±19.1 ml/min and 2.0±0.7. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusion Right internal mammary artery presented a similar behavior to left internal mammary artery when anastomosed to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. There was no statistical difference between the measured flow obtained between both arteries.


This paper analgsise the characteristics of the economic composition at Ping Ding Shan city. It points out the problem which existed in the develment of mineral economy and lt studied emphatically how to increase the ability in looking for mineral field, improving the techniques in mineral exploiting and utilizing and protecting the environment and how to cultivate the new increasing points and staying power in the economic development.


The solid-melt equilibria of the system Cf12-CaMgSi206 (fluoritediopside) have been studied at atmospheric pressure, using a modified quenching method. This system is characterized by a simple binary eutectic at CaF, 43.5, CaMgSiz06 56.5 weight percent at 1082f 2 "C; neither solid solution nor intermediate compound was found. Certain of the skarns containing fluorite, diopside, and calcite in the Grenville Province of the Canadian Precambrian Shield are considered to have formed by differential melting of impure limestones in regional metamorphic terrains.


This article deals with emerging multinationals post-acquisition integration approaches in developed countries. It confronts theoretical hypotheses and anecdotal evidence with unpublished empirical data. Analyzing four cases of French entities acquired by EMNE, it confirms that EMNE often adopt a partnering approach after these up-market acquisitions. Yet this approach is likely to develop in a dynamic way over time, and the path of this inflection may run in opposite directions, depending on the result of the first coordination of activities. It also seems that EMNE that are already experienced in up-market acquisitions may directly adopt a more interventionist approach.  From these results we discuss several theoretical and practical consequences: the complexity of the antecedents of integration choice, for which we recommend an integrated approach, the reliability and definition of the "emerging multinationals " category, and the role of the target in the deployment of the relationships with the acquirer in a partnering integration. " The development of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNE) has been the subject of recent interest, seen in a growing number of studies (Guillen & Garcia-Canal, 2012  ; Kale & Singh, 2012  ; Williamson, Ramamurti, Fleury, & Leme Fleury, 2013). Two elements explain this interest. Firstly, the scope and pace of this phenomenon has been exceptional, with for instance Chinese groups reaching the top of multinationals rankings in a few years only (Mayrhofer, 2011). Secondly, the patterns of international development used by these EMNE have raised questions about their originality and whether the existing theories on international expansion strategies are adequate or need to be modified (CuervoCazurra, 2012 ; Hennart, 2012). " Topics regularly garnering attention include EMNE acquisitions in developed countries, which often go beyond the boundaries of research to introduce themselves into the media and social debates (Sarathy, 2013). Challenging conventional wisdom, they are indeed tangible markers of a globalization which is not westernization (Chanda, 2007). In terms of management research, these up-market acquisitions are all the more interesting since the available literature has yet to provide any definitive conclusion on EMNE management styles (Nayir & Vaiman, 2012). Therefore, these acquisitions offer a particularly interesting area of research in international management: it is a recent phenomenon, expanding rapidly and raising a number of theoretical and practical issues. " Early evidences suggest that EMNE would develop a cautious and evolutionary approach toward their acquisitions in developed countries, which would be revealed in the medium-term. In a retrospective of their article which M@n@gement 2015, vol. 18(1): 31-53


A general route for preparing side chain ether analogues of lovastatin is presented. These analogues proved to be weaker inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase than the corresponding side chain ester analogues. Interestingly, inhibitory potency was enhanced markedly when the 4-fluoro group was incorporated in the aromatic moiety of the side chain benzyl group of 2d.


This study explores employer attitude towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander labour market participation in the Finance/Banking Sector. The study examines the provision of School-Based Traineeship (SBT) by a prominent Australian bank designed to increase participation of Indigenous people. The study explains why this program delivered poor employment outcomes, including a low transition of trainees into permanent employment, a declining annual intake, and low completion rates. Furthermore, the study explores why Australian Employment Covenant and Reconciliation Action Plan agreements have had limited impact on increasing Indigenous participation in the Finance/Banking sector. Becker's (1962) Human Capital Theory and Carmichael and Hamilton's (1967) Institutional Discrimination Theory provide the theoretical framework that underpins this study. A qualitative method was employed with 14 in-depth interviews of management representatives and Indigenous trainees/employees, and relevant documentary analysis conducted. The key finding is that employer attitudes are critical in the success of SBT for Indigenous trainees. The implications of the findings are significant as Vocational Education and Training in Schools (VETiS) practices are an important pathway to lead Indigenous learners into employment and affects their participation in the labour market.


THE PROCESS of investing can be divided into security analysis, where the investor forms opinions about returns expected from various assets, and portfolio building, where he allocates his portfolio on the basis of these beliefs. This paper analyzes how we go about forming probability beliefs about returns. The following quotation, attributed to "an astute observer" in an article titled "Some Contrary Views on the Professional Status of Financial Analysis" by W. C. Norby in the March-April, 1968, Financial Analysts Journal (page 11), expresses a widely prevailing attitude about this subject:


After laparoscopic resection, the gallbladder must be removed, usually through the umbilical trocar site. Occasionally, there is difficulty in removing the gallbladder from the abdominal cavity due to its large dimensions or its contents. There are two main options to extract the gallbladder in such cases. One is evacuation of its content through the gallbladder neck protruding from the abdominal wall. The second is extension of the periumbilical fascial opening. In the first method, gallbladder content might sometimes spill into the peritoneal cavity or contaminate the incision site. In the second, there might not be enough control concerning the extent of injury caused to the periumbilical abdominal wall during enlargement of the fascial opening. A simple precise and safe method is suggested to enlarge the fascial incision by direct vision using transillumination.


The characterization of polymeric films and thermal control coatings which were exposed for five years and ten months to the low-Earth environment is reported. Changes in solar absorptance, thermal emittance, and transmission are compared to laboratory control specimens. Sputter-deposited metallic coatings are shown to eliminate atomic oxygen erosion of resin matrix composite materials. The effects of long-term atomic oxygen exposure to metallized FEP Teflon film is characterized. Chemical characterization of polymeric films indicates that although surface erosion occurs, the molecular structure of the basic polymeric film has not changed significantly in response to this exposure.


According to Maier's (2001) hypothesis, the democratization process in post-socialist countries would lead to the increased importance of stakeholder and citizen participation in urban planning. Increasing circles of stakeholders would be able to join and become empowered. The objective of the present paper is to revisit Maier's hypothesis in the Hungarian context. We attempt to shed light on the main factors that shape the framework conditions of participation in urban planning; we ask if the three decades of transition can be described as an approximation to the Western standards in urban planning, as Maier suggested. We conducted 49 semi-structured interviews in three Hungarian middle-sized cities with various stakeholders of urban planning. We carried out qualitative content analysis based on inductive coding in order to identify the underlying factors, which shape the framework conditions of participation. We managed to identify six factors. They have mostly accumulated since the fall of the socialist era, the postsocialist legacy may only have indirect effects on them. These six factors add up to a halt in the democratization of planning and the serious limits to consensus building. We argue that these two processes diverted Hungary from the path Maier envisioned, and make the Hungarian context for participation and participatory techniques fundamentally different from the Western-European contexts.


The development of malignancies in recipients of a cardiothoracic transplant (CTT)—that is, heart, lung, or heart and lung recipients—is of concern. Cutaneous and lymphoproliferative malignancies comprise the two major groups of malignancies encountered. A small subgroup of patients will develop potentially life‐threatening aggressive cutaneous malignancies (ACM); these are poorly defined and documented in the literature. The authors report the results for 619 CTT recipients from a single institution.


Unprecedented diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of seven-membered rings has been achieved by organocatalyzed intramolecular Michael addition of enals bearing β-diketone functionality. The cyclization leads to 2,3-disubstituted cycloheptanone derivatives in high yield and excellent stereoselectivity. The same organocatalyzed cyclization process has been used to prepare six-membered homologs, but with lower stereoselectivity.


The main task of plant breeding is to increase yields. The crop is the result of the life cycle that the plant has passed, and the maximum yield is the realization of the most favorable equilibrium between all its components.
Breeding for high yields of linseed oil is one of the priority areas, along with breeding for oilseed and altered fatty acid composition of oil. Zaporizhzhya breeding school is successfully working in this direction and the result of this work - created in different years 13 varieties, developed a model variety for the Steppe zone, a variety of source material and methodological basis for the creation of varieties.
Statistical correlation-regression analysis is increasingly used to establish patterns of correlation between quantitative and qualitative traits, to clarify the complex relationships between many different causes and their mutual effect on one another.
The purpose of our research was to establish correlation relationships of yield with the main economically valuable features of linseed oil and to obtain regression equations of productivity elements to improve the efficiency of further breeding work.
We found correlation between the main economically valuable traits of the nine flax varieties of Zaporizhzhya breeding. Five-year estimates show significant correlations of yields with basic economic values that are high and stable enough in different weather conditions. The absence of very weak ones and the small number of weak links between the variables are probably due to the presence of similar complexes of selected features in the studied varieties.
A very close direct correlation between yield and seed weight per plant (r = 0.99), yield and number of lateral stems per plant (r = 0.92) was established. Evaluation of the link strength showed the existence of a direct close correlation between the mass of seeds per plant and the number of lateral stems (r = 0.93), as well as a close correlation between the duration of the growing season and height (r = 0.87 ) and between height and number of lateral stems (r = 0.83).
Seed yield is the most important trait that characterizes the genetic potential of modern oilseed flax varieties. Therefore, we performed a paired correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of yield on the studied economic and valuable features. As a result of our analysis, it was found that the most closely correlated yield was correlated with the seed mass of 1 plant (r = 0.99 ± 0.01). In our opinion, as a result of purposeful breeding work, genotypes have been selected that are capable of forming a large number of seeds on each plant.
In the course of the researches the regression equation was calculated and the degree and orientation of the relationships between a number of investigated breeding traits were revealed. In the course of the researches the regression equation was calculated and the degree and orientation of the relationships between a number of investigated breeding traits were revealed. The diagrams we have constructed and the calculated regression equations will allow us to influence the formation, control the quantitative traits and control the systemic phenomena in the selection process of linseed oil in further studies. The use of correlation regression analysis allowed us to obtain models of the elements of cultural productivity. The calculated regression equations will allow us to predict with precision the various important economically valuable features of linseed oil and to increase the efficiency of further breeding work.


We study on the Rhoades' question concerning the discontinuity problem at fixed point for a self-mapping T of a metric space. We obtain a new solution to this question. Our result generalizes some recent theorems existing in the literature and implies the uniqueness of the fixed point. However, there are also cases where the fixed point set of a self-mapping contains more than 1 element. Therefore, by a geometric point of view, we extend the Rhoades' question to the case where the fixed point set is a circle. We also give a solution to this extended version.


We show that the Abelian Proca model, which is gauge noninvariant with second class constraints can be converted into gauge theories with first class constraints. The method used, which we call gauge unfixing, employs a projection operator defined in the original phase space. This operator can be constructed in more than one way and so we get more than one gauge theory. Two such gauge theories are the Stuckelberg theory and the theory of Maxwell field interacting with an antisymmetric tensor field. We also show that the application of the projection operator does not affect the Lorentz invariance of this model.


Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0360 / Comparing personalized mean glandular dose estimates between x-ray systems over time in mammography" by: "C. Tromans, A. Chan, R. Highnam; Wellington/NZ"


Aim of this study was investigate the relationship between social support and depression in chronic pain patients, Sari, Iran. Participants of the present study included patients with chronic pain that referred to clinics and hospitals in Sari, Iran. By a purposeful manner, 60 patients with chronic pain were selected from clinics and hospitals. Criteria for entering the study were: pain lasting more than 6 months; the age 20-50 years; having at least a elementary education. Instruments were The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) and The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyse data regarding hypotheses and questions of the study. Our results showed that are available negative relationship between social support and depression at 95% confidence level. The correlation coefficient was 0.442 and coefficient of determination is 0.2, these results showed that 20% of depression explained by social support.