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Looking a simple dish that still impresses? This one's a perfect, all-in-one recipe for a yummy weekend lunch or a light dinner with loved ones. In this recipe, you'll be cooking Mediterranean-marinated chicken breasts by using just a few fresh ingredients and allowing them to mix into your chicken. Then, you'll be creating a light, delicious spring salad to serve either alongside this main course, or mixed together by chopping up the chicken you bake. Depending on the occasion and your preferences, you'll end up with a light and elegant plate, or an easily transportable one-bowl dish that works perfectly for a lunch out of the house.
While the focus of this dish is the chicken, what really sets this meal apart is the spring salad you'll be creating. By using ingredients like broccolini, asparagus, and arugula, you'll be inviting a distinctive salad into your repertoire. This salad is packed with a variety of micro-nutrients and other things that are great for you, but note that unlike traditional salads, this one will require a bit of cooking. This is to allow the harder veggies used here to tenderize a bit, making this dish much more palatable.
One of this dish's best attributes is that it works as a complete meal. Why not explore some fun drinks to serve with this? If you are making this for an elegant lunch, try serving with a glass of Paleo lemonade. For a light, adults-only dinner, try making a batch of this Paleo sangria.
Lemon & Herb Grilled Chicken with Spring Vegetable Salad Recipe
Protein: 63g / %
Carbs: 7g / %
Fat: 39g / %
Values are per portion. These are for information only & are not meant to be exact calculations.
- 4 chicken breasts, skinless, boneless
- 1 garlic clove, crushed
- 1 tsp. fresh thyme
- 1 tsp. oregano
- 2 tbsp. lemon juice
- 1 tsp. Italian herb blend
- 2 tbsp. chopped parsley
- ½ tsp. pepper
- 1 tsp. salt
- 2-3 tbsp. olive oil
Spring Vegetable Salad Ingredients
- Broccolini (baby broccoli)
- Asparagus, ends snapped
- Sugar snap peas
- Green beans, trimmed
- Arugula
- 2 tbsp. lemon juice
- 1 tbsp. olive oil
- Sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
- For the chicken, combine all of the marinade ingredients and mix well. Pour over the chicken and allow to marinate for at least 15 minutes up to 2 hours.
- When the chicken has marinated, grill in a hot griddle pan until cooked through.
- To make the salad, blanche all of the vegetables except arugula until just tender.
- Combine vegetables with the arugula and dress with lemon juice, olive oil, and salt and pepper to taste.
- Serve the grilled chicken breasts with the spring vegetable salad.

subset: commoncrawl


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I am not a ketchup fanatic, but I am sure I've consumed a fair quantity of this stuff in my lifetime. And yes, I'm pretty sure that this is my favorite brand.
Heinz has been making and selling ketchup since 1869. One hundred and forty years. Crazy.
Here is the interesting thing (for me, anyhow) — if you go to heinz.com you'll find that they are on message in every category to near perfection. I enjoy seeing companies who know what their BRAND identity is all about and are intentional and dogmatic about maintaining that identity in all they do.
One of my early memories of the HEINZ brand via television is of a commercial, but only recently did I realize that Matt Le Blanc was the actor who co-starred with the ketchup.


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Interested in a private company training? Request it here.
Getting the software right is a hard thing to do. This is because business and developers do not always talk the same language. Domain Driven Design is all about getting the language right between them.
When constructing the domain model, there are several approaches. Tactical Design provides a set of technical resources that are used in the construction of the domain model. The goal is to enrich your domain model by applying these standards correctly. When done so, it will reflect your business model with more clarity.
One of the core pillars of DDD is Strategic Modeling. Strategic modelling helps you at defining the Bounded contexts, the Ubiquitous Language and Context Maps.
So what is a modern web application? One that uses Angular and TypeScript? With the speed that modern web application developement evolves, there is the chance that your web site uses 'old' technology by the time it is done. But sound architecture never goes stale. As a wise man once said: 'If you think good architecture is expensive, try bad architecure'.
When a database is designed, the idea is to normalize data, i.e. avoid duplicate data. When designing the object model for an application you try to come up with a design which is best suited for solving your business problems. This means that mapping tables to classes one-on-one is often a bad idea. Entity Framework allows us to map the relational world to the world of objects, allowing more complex mapping.
With .NET Core also comes Entity Framework Core. A new implementation of EF, which can run cross-platform, on Windows, Mac and Linux.
When mapping your database with EF Core, one must be aware that conventions are being applied, like Fluent API. This module will discuss how to model your database within EF Core using Fluent API.
Domain Driven Design is a great way to start designing your applications. Entity Framework Core is a great framework to access and manipulate your data, stored in databases. Now, how can we fit Entity Framework Core into the concepts of Domain Driven Design?
When creating modern web applications with ASP.NET MVC, it's not that straightforward to unit test the Controllers and Views. How does one validate wether the ActionResult returned by the Controller action is the one you wanted, as well as whether the View is correct.
When architecting and developing applications, there are several approaches that could be considered where Domain-Driven Design (DDD) is one of them. The idea of domain-driven design is to let the software originate from the so-called domain. By doing so, one tries to create software that perfectly mimics the domain it was created for. On the other hand, when creating business applications, there is often a need for a data access layer to some database. This is where Entity Framework (EF) Core jumps in. In fact, domain-driven design and EF Core can perfectly go hand in hand. This course will discuss the concepts of domain-driven design and how EF Core can help you at implementing these concepts. Building a large website can turn into a very complex project if you're not careful, so we will split our solution into layers. Best practices today is using an architecture approach called "Clean Architecture", which separates your solution into different layers with maintenance and testing in mind. Participants learn about modern architecture and will get a hands-on approach to building a web site using C#, DDD and EF Core. DDD works very well for long-lasting software projects that will undergo many changes triggered by changing and new requirements. How do you ensure that existing functionality doesn't get broken? This is where testing comes into play.
Attendees are required to have prior knowledge of C#/VB.NET and ASP.NET.


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I particularly liked the definition of the "Smart Green" group.
They prefer to buy products in recycled packages and eschew products that pollute. They are average users of social networking, blogging and podcasting but slightly above average in message boards. They are older (50-plus) and are most likely to go online for health or financial information. And in the spirit of their eco-friendly attitude toward trees, they're 23% more likely to send electronic greeting cards.Know anybody like that? Dick Stroud


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12 Days of Giving – Day 4
In the spirit of the holiday season, Starlight Theatre is sharing ideas for "12 Days of Giving." We hope you will enjoy our suggestions for giving your loved ones – or yourself – some special musical-related treats this month.
Today's gift is an arts and crafts project that will awaken The Force or your inner Beauty. Get the whole family together and piece together your very own Star Wars and Beauty and the Beast inspired Cubeecraft.
What's a Cubeecraft? These paper toys feature interlocking tabs for construction – eliminating the need for tape, glue or other messy adhesives. Simply print, cut and fold your model into a fun paper toy.
Star Wars
Beauty and the Beast


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Mango cheesecake slice
The perfect end to a meal, this tropical cheesecake brings out the best in our Aussie produce.
4 Calypso mangoes
2 x 200g packets lattice biscuits
375g cream cheese, softened
½ cup caster sugar
395g can sweetened condensed milk
2 egg yolks
250g sour cream
1 tsp vanilla bean paste
250g mascarpone
1. Preheat oven to 160°C fan forced. Grease and line a 22cm (base) square cake pan with baking paper, allowing a 3cm overhang on all sides.
2. Arrange 16 biscuits, glaze side down, over the base of the cake pan, cutting to fit so the base is covered.
3. Peel and cut the fruit from 1 mango. Process the mango until smooth (you should have ¾ cup of puree). Pour the puree into a jug, wash and dry the food processor.
4. Combine the cream cheese and sugar in the processor. Process until smooth. Add the sweetened condensed milk, egg yolks and sour cream, pulse until just combined. Add ¾ cup mango puree, pulse to combine. Pour over the base.
5. Arrange more biscuits, glazed side up, over the top. Bake for 40-45 minutes until set. Set aside to cool. Refrigerate for 4 hours or overnight if time permits.
6. Lift the slice onto a board or serving platter. Fold the vanilla through the mascarpone. Gently whisk with a balloon whisk to thicken if necessary. Spread over the biscuits.
7. Cut the cheeks from the remaining mangoes. Using a large spoon remove the mango fruit from the cheeks and thinly slice. Arrange over the mascarpone. Cut into squares to serve.
Calypso mangoes are perfect for this recipe as they produce a beautiful thick puree, which is full of flavour. The fruit is also firmer so it will slice easily, holding its shape when arranging on the cheesecake.
Recipe courtesy of Calypso Mango.


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FLAGLER COUNTY, Fla. -- (WKMG) -- Flagler County deputies are asking for help to identify a cross-dressing man they say has been wearing women's underwear and placing pantyhose on vehicles in a business parking lot.
"To be so bold in the middle of the day to do something like this. We want to identify this individual so we can reach out to him and make contact," Steve Brandt, with the Flagler County Sheriff's Office, said.
Brandt is looking into the case after an anonymous complaint was filed two days ago.
In the complaint, it said the man was tying pantyhose to Houligan's employee vehicles in the parking lot.
FULL STORY: Deputies search for man who's been tying pantyhose, underwear to cars - WKMG
Sign up to receive breaking True Crime Daily news, exclusive stories and behind-the-scenes info.Sign Up


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MechWarrior Online Is Coming to Steam in December
MechWarrior Online is a free-to-play mech battling game developed by Piranha Games, which launched back in September 2013.
The game is finally heading to Steam on December 10th, and Piranha Games is so happy about the announcement that they are going to celebrate it by inviting 50 people to attend a dinner party with them. If you want to join, fill out this form and submit it before November 16th.
We still don't know if MechWarrior Online's non-Steam version will continue or will Piranha Games completely migrate the game to Valve's platform?


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WWDC 2011 The Musical: Not A Broadway Threat
So if you managed to somehow avoid all the tweets and posts surrounding iOS 5, iCloud and Mac OS X Lion during WWDC 2011 you must have been hiding in a closet, but you haven't quite made it out of the woods yet as we have for your viewing consideration below, WWDC 2011: The Musical.
Yes folks if you haven't already had your fill of Apple's conference head on down and check out this video that comes our way courtesy of the guys over at iPhone Download Blog and by way of Tech Crunch and YouTube account Therockcookiebottom.
WWDC 2011: The Musical delivers almost four minutes of the highlights of Apple's developer event put to music, with the three guys giving it their all in the name of creativity and used the live notes from MacRumors apparently.
Certainly no Broadway threat that's for sure, but anyway for the amusement of all including the iPhone faithful, mash that play button and check out WWDC 2011: The Musical…enjoy.


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British Sugar has announced that an agreement has been reached between NFU Sugar and British Sugar on the terms of the sugar beet contract offer for 2016/17. The key elements are summarised below:
Price – 2016/17
Contract beet price (CTE): £20.30/t
Industrial beet price (ICE): £20.30/t
Surplus beet price: Not confirmed, announcement to be later in the year.
Volume – 2016/17
There will be no compulsory cut in CTE and ICE.
A grower may offer to grow whatever proportion of their CTE and ICE they wish, from 0–100%.
Growers will retain their right to offer to grow in 2017/18 regardless of what they have chosen to grow in 2016/17.
The contract performance rules will return to a two year average of 95% over 2015/16 and 2016/17. These rules relate to the tonnage contracted to grow with British Sugar in those years.
Transport – 2016/17
The transport allowance will be calculated from the Industry Haulage Scheme costs, including cleaning and loading.
There will be no additional payment in 2016/17 for those in the Industry Haulage Scheme.
On reaching agreement, Colm McKay, British Sugar's Agriculture Director said: "We believe our agreement sets a firm foundation for the future and demonstrates a commitment to work together to ensure our industry can compete in an increasingly competitive market place."
Growers can expect to receive their contract offers on-line or by post during the week commencing 6th July, said British Sugar.
NFU sugar board chairman William Martin said: "Our industry continues to face significant challenges. Low world prices and the approaching end of quotas are resulting in difficult market conditions.
"Both the NFU and British Sugar are confident that, despite these challenges, we will secure the long-term future of the industry by continuing to work together.
"The package we have negotiated should enable beet to compete in rotations on farm and builds for a successful future for both growers and the UK sugar beet industry."


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Health & Wellness
Chiropractic care is holistic in nature and our main goal is whole health wellness.
Health and Wellness Conditions
Chiropractic care is holistic in nature and our main goal is whole health wellness. It is a safe, and proven to help people feel better and alleviate pain. There is no way to tell you if your spine is causing or contributing to any of your current symptoms. There can be multiple causes and our job as a doctor is to find the cause and treat that. The care I provide is going to be specific for each patient. Everyone has slightly different needs.
Some of the chronic conditions that I often provide consultation for are:
As a chiropractor, I deal with the nervous system, most people think of us as back doctors and we are because that is where the spinal cord is. The brain sends messages down the spinal cord, out the nerves and this is how the brain controls, co-ordinates, and regulates how everything in your body works. The brain, spinal cord and nerves make up the nervous system. The nervous system is what allows us to manage stress. It allows us to change and adapt. This process allows us to become stronger or faster, better at handling stress or just survive a situation. Think about your first day on your job and what was worrying or stressing you, probably not the same things that stress you now- you learned, adapted and changed. Or the first time you swung a golf club or went for a run, hopefully those things changed over time as well. Your nervous system allowed those changes to take place. Now imagine your nervous system was not working very well and it did not allow you to adapt and grow and change with stress. When there is a disturbance to the nervous system not allowing it to function properly it is called a subluxation. This interference does not allow those messages to get through properly from the brain to the body and the body cannot function properly. There may not be any symptoms until there is some extra stress and then all of a sudden there are a lot of symptoms and problems. If we can improve the nervous system, we improve the way your body functions and that will improve your health. So many things we do focuses on how we feel today and I want that as well but we also need to be concerned about next year and five and ten years down the road.
Vertigo usually occurs because of a disorder in the vestibular system (i.e., structures of the inner ear, the vestibular nerve, brainstem and cerebellum). The vestibular system is responsible for integrating sensory stimuli and movement and for keeping objects in visual focus as the body moves. It is a common cause for dizziness. Again, it begins with the spine and nervous system.
Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain and a heightened and painful response to pressure. Fibromyalgia symptoms are not restricted to pain, leading to the use of the alternative term fibromyalgia syndrome for the condition. Other symptoms include debilitating fatigue, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness. Some people] also report difficulty with swallowing, bowel and bladder abnormalities, numbness and tingling and cognitive dysfunction. Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Not everyone with fibromyalgia will experience all associated symptoms. The central symptom of fibromyalgia, namely widespread pain, appears to result from neuro-chemical imbalances including activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain, which results in abnormalities in pain processing. The brains of fibromyalgia patients show functional and structural differences from those of healthy individuals, but it is unclear whether the brain anomalies cause fibromyalgia symptoms or are the product of an unknown underlying common cause. Some research suggests that these brain anomalies may be the result of childhood stress, or prolonged or severe stress. Fibromyalgia has been recognized as a diagnosable disorder by the US National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology. Once diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, I can give a consultation on your condition; how to best manage the pain, fatigue and joint stiffness.
Chronic Fatigue
Chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS, is an overwhelming and complex disorder. People with CFS have overpowering fatigue and a host of other symptoms that are not improved by bed rest and that can get worse after physical activity or mental exertion. They often function at a substantially lower level of activity than they were capable of before they became ill.
Other symptoms include muscle pain, impaired memory or mental concentration, insomnia, and post-exertion malaise lasting more than 24 hours. In some cases, CFS can persist for years.
Moreover, because many illnesses have fatigue as a symptom, doctors need to take care to rule out other conditions, which may be treatable.
Common difficulties for CFS patients include problems coping with:
- a decrease in stamina that interferes with activities of daily life
- memory and concentration problems that seriously hurt work or school performance
- the changing and unpredictable symptoms
- loss of independence, livelihood, and economic security
- alterations in relationships with partners, family members, and friends
- worries about raising children
The priority of the treatment plan is to address these issues first
- Fatigue and sleep problems
- Pain
- Memory and concentration problems
- Depression and anxiety
- Dizziness and light-headedness
I will consult with each patient individually about nutrition, lifestyle changes and exercise programs that would be beneficial.
Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks ("hard ticks"). Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and fatigue. A rash occurs in 70–80% of infected persons at the site of the tick bite after a delay of 3–30 days (average is about 7 days), and may or may not appear as the well-publicized bull's-eye. The rash is only rarely painful or itchy, although it may be warm to the touch. Approximately 20–30% of infected persons do not experience a rash. Left untreated, later symptoms may involve the joints, heart, and central nervous system. Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to more serious symptoms, which can be disabling and difficult to treat. If you have undergone a diagnosis from your doctor and are experiencing Joint & muscle pain, it is time to see your chiropractor.
There are some special concerns that I take with Lyme disease the biggest being the amount of inflammation that is often present. With the use of some natural products, we can help minimize this aspect of the disease, which does not mean the prescriptions will not be necessary at times but hopefully we can reduce the frequency and the duration of those prescriptions. Also by, creating a healthier body by reducing and removing subluxations, function improves and the body improves its ability to manage the disease.
If you have been diagnosed with lupus, your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues. This can damage many parts of the body such as the:
- Joints
- Skin
- Kidney
- Heart
- Lungs
- Blood vessels
- And Brain.
Anyone can get lupus, but it most often affects women. Lupus is also more common in women of African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American descent than in Caucasian women.
From a chiropractic perspective I am not treating lupus what I am doing is helping the body improve its ability to function. Often this means an improvement in symptoms, including the frequency and intensity. This allows the patient an increased quality of life.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Learning to manage the symptoms of your multiple sclerosis (MS) can help you feel better during your daily activities and more in control of your life
MS is caused by damage to the myelin sheath, the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. When this nerve covering is damaged, nerve signals slow down or stop. The nerve damage is caused by inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. This can occur along any area of the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord. Symptoms vary, because the location and severity of each attack can be different, usually there are periods of remission between attacks, and they can last months or even years. Fever, hot baths, sun exposure, and stress can trigger or worsen attacks. It is common for the disease to return (relapse). However, the disease may continue to get worse without periods of remission. MS symptoms can appear in many parts of the body, depending upon the damage to the nervous system.
From a chiropractic perspective I am not treating multiple sclerosis, what I am doing is helping the body improve its ability to function. Often this means an improvement in symptoms, including the frequency and intensity. Often these chronic conditions have specific stresses to the body and we can work to minimize the impact that this has on the body. This allows the patient an increased quality of life.
Parkinson's/Alzheimer's Disease
Parkinson's disease begins in a region that plays a key role in movement. As Parkinson's brain changes gradually spread, they often begin to affect mental functions, including memory and the ability to pay attention, make sound judgments and plan the steps needed to complete a task. Parkinson's disease dementia and Alzheimer's disease share a common source called plaques and tangles (Plaques are deposits of a protein fragment called beta-amyloid (BAY-tuh AM-uh-loyd) that build up in the spaces between nerve cells. Tangles are twisted fibers of another protein called tau that builds up inside cells.) Although people with Alzheimer's tend to develop more plagues and tangles. It is the destruction and death of nerve cells that causes memory failure, personality changes, problems carrying out daily activities and other symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
Research with chiropractic and both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's have demonstrated improvements in cognitive function as well as physical function. Although it was not cured, it decreased symptomatology and seemed to slow the progression of the condition in many cases.
Special Needs
In addition, I do consultations pertaining to the management of symptoms of special needs children, including Autism and Down's syndrome. Often times because of varying levels of communication skills, these In addition, I do consultations pertaining to the management of symptoms of special needs children, including Autism and Down's syndrome. Often times because of varying levels of communication skills, these patients cannot express symptomatic distress. I like to look at the whole picture:
- Nutrition and diet
- Stress and anxiety levels
- Neurological issues and complications
- Misalignment of the spine
Every child is different with or without special needs and I have always worked hard to make their visits comfortable and enjoyable. As a chiropractor, I am working with the nervous system. The nervous system controls, co-ordinates and regulates how everything in the body works. The reason this happens is to allow the body to adapt and change, to allow for interactions and responses. I am not treating their conditions or "curing" them, I am helping them improve how their nervous system functions. In addition, just as each of us is different this means different things as well. Always my goal is for them to be healthier and have a higher quality of life.


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Hey, what's up guys! New to Roobla here, but been a pro at owning tech stuff for a number of years. Since this is my first post here, I figure I would start off by introducing myself.
I'm Karl, currently living in sunny Los Angeles. In case you were wondering, no I am not in film or production…I'm actually a Registered Nurse outside of the tech world. Yes, a nurse. But hey I'm thankful I get to afford my addiction so it works out. Currently on my arsenal of amazing tech products include my Nexus 6P (rooted), iPhone 6 Plus (stock), iPhone 4 (that acts as my iPod), Sony NEX-5T camera, PSVita, PSP, 3DSXL, 2DS, GBAMicro, PS4, PS3, PS2, Sega Genesis, and plenty more. As you can see, I have a wide-range of gadgets I use, so you can all expect me to cover a wide-range of tech products.
Looking forward to serving you all news, product reviews, thoughts on specific announcements and many more! If you guys feel you have a good article or idea for me, feel free to leave them in the comment section and let's see if we can get it done.
Now that we got that out of the way, let's get this party started shall we?
For those that are unaware, Apple announced the iPhone SE recently. It is the evolutionary upgrade of the iPhone 5S. It packs a 4-inch screen like its predecessor, but packs the power processor, camera upgrades, and Apple Pay capabilities of its brethren the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus.
This definitely caters to those who prefer the smaller-sized screen of the iPhone 5S (which apparently is still a lot of us since Apple said they sold $50 million units of their 4 inch devices in 2015). It offers a great entry-level price of $399 for the 16GB model (which is still expensive, but for an iPhone it's relatively cheap). If you prefer the larger 64GB it will cost $499 without contract. Apple also offers installment plans for this and the 16GB will be $13.30 per month while the 64GB model will be $16.64. These are really competitive prices for a phone that packs a punch. The iPhone SE is available for preorder and will be released on March 31.
As of this writing, I am even considering getting one to replace my iPhone 4S and will strongly consider selling my iPhone 6 Plus if I do end up with this. I think that small form-factor would work hand-in-hand with my Nexus 6P as my phone and the iPhone SE as my gateway to iTunes music and my iPhone games.
What do you guys think? Are you considering getting one for yourself or your loved ones?
If you would like to pre-order the iPhone SE or just do some quick research, you can find a link to the Apple website HERE!!!


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1. The boys relationships on the island have altered. Instead of looking after the signal fire, Jack and the hunters let the signal fire die out, I think not by acident, but more so because Jack doesnt want to be rescued because then whatever power/ control he develops on the island will fade away.
2. Chapter 1-2
2.1. "But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obsurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch" (Golding, 22) (Shanthini)
2.1.1. The 1st thing the boys do is elect a leader, without even knowing anyone they need someone to make decisions for them. It's interesting how the conch, which Ralph blew, was their 1st impression on him, resulting in a leadership position. (Shanthini)
2.1.2. I agree that it is interesting how the conch affected the other boys' points of view on Ralph. I think that they automatically saw him as powerful because and only because of the conch. I think that if someone else had blown the conch, they would have saw that boy as the appropriate leader. (Cassie)
2.2. "'Let him have the conch!' shouted Piggy. 'Let him have it!'" (Golding 35). (Cassie)
2.2.1. I think that Piggy is the only one that really cares about the other boys. All the older boys just seem to care about themselves and their friends but not the little kids. I think that Piggy is going to be valuable, but I don't think that he will ever become leader because of the way he is treated by others. (Cassie)
2.2.2. I agree that Piggy will never be a respected individual on the island. Piggy provides an intellectual perspective on the boys' stay on the island, but the older boys all clearly disrespect him, and ridicule him. I also think it is interesting how one recurring event in the novel is the hunting of pigs. This being said, Piggy might resemble some characteristics of these pigs, including his death and his disrespect. (Shanthini)
2.2.3. (Shanthini)
2.3. "The tall boy shouted at them. Choir! Stand still! Wearily and obedient, the choir huddled into line and stood there swaying in the sun. (Golding, pg. 20) -Alex
2.3.1. From the beginning of the novel, Jack (The tall boy) had control over the choir boys, which related in his nomination as the group leader. Their relationship is the beginning to Jack's control issues; him having control over the choir appeared to make him believe he should have control over all of the boys. -Alex
2.3.2. I never thought about Jack's control over the choir in the beginning of the book having affect over his obsession later in the book. Now that I think about it, it makes a lot of sense. (Cassie)
2.4. Quote
2.4.1. Analysis
2.5. Quote
2.5.1. Analysis
3. Chapter 5-6
3.1. "Hasn't anyone got any sense? We've got to relight that fire. You never thought of that, Jack, did you? Or don't any of you want to be resuced?" (Golding 102). (Cassie)
3.1.1. I think that Ralph is finally starting to thing rationally. I think that it started after Piggy mentioned the fire for the first time and that made him realize that they all needed to start thinking rationally like Piggy and then that was one of the reasons he started building the shelters. A couple of pages back I think Ralph had the first serious conversation with Piggy that we see. Ralph's character has changed a lot since the beginning of the book and his relationships with Jack and Piggy have drastically changed as well. It seems like he sees the flaws in Jack's behavior and treats Piggy with a little more respect and listens to him more than he did in the beginning of the book. (Cassie)
3.1.2. I agree that Ralph is thinking rationally at this point in the book when he is addressing the needs of the fire. However, I think that Ralph has thought intelligently like this before like when the boys were building the shacks, and blowing the conch. These ideas did originate with Piggy, and Ralph and the other boys were taking his mind for granted, not realizing the importance of Piggy in their society. Like Cassie was saying, Ralph is finally beginning to appreciate Piggy and the intelligence he brings to the island. (Shanthini)
3.2. "I know there isn't no beast - not with claws and all that, I mean - but I know there isn't no fear either" Piggy paused. "Unless -" Ralph moved restlessly. "Unless what?" "Unless we get frightened of people" (Golding, 84) (Shanthini)
3.2.1. This quote is interesting since Piggy suggests how the littluns may not be afraid of a beast, rather the other boys. People can always be intimidating. Especially on an island with particularly agressive boys such as Jack and the hunters. (Shanthini)
3.2.2. I never considered that the littluns were afraid of the boys, rather than the beast; but looking back on the situation they were facing I would have been terrified of Jack and his tribe, especially as the novel progressed. The littluns being younger children probably had little knowledge about the evil that existed in the world, and were more formed to the only thing that they'd experienced in their lives which was civility. Alex
3.3. Quote
3.3.1. Analysis
3.4. Quote
3.4.1. Analysis
3.5. Qutoe
3.5.1. Analysis
4. Chapter 7-8
4.1. "They got his arms and legs. Ralph, carried away by a sudden thick excitment, grabbed Eric's spear and jabbed at Robert with it. (Golding 114). (Cassie)
4.1.1. In this section, where Ralph agoes along on a hunt, Ralph's savagery comes out. He stabs the pig and gets really excited about it, and he gets caught up in the reenactment of the kill and pretends to "kill" Robert. If Ralph, the leader, starts to become savage, then the whole group is going to fall apart and they would never get rescued. The only other person who would be able to keep things organized would be Piggy, but no one listens to him. Simon also could help with keeping things together, but, again, no one really listens to him, plus he doesn't really seem to get these kinds of ideas. (Cassie)
4.2. "I saw you. Right bang on his snout - Wheee!" Ralph talked on, excitedly. "I hit him all right. The spear stuck in. I wounded him!" (Golding, 113) (Shanthini)
4.2.1. I think Ralph feels like he needs to regain some of his leadership by hunting like Jack does. Ralph realizes all of the boys look up to the masculinity of Jack that Ralph lacks. I still feel like there is hostility between Jack and Ralph but Ralph wants to mend it. (Shanthini)
4.2.2. I agree that Ralph thinks he needs to regain some of his leadership, however I don't think that that was what he was thinking the moment he stuck the pig. I think he was just excited and maybe a little scared (that the pig was charging him or whatever) so he just acted upon reflexes and threw the spear. (Cassie)
4.3. "..He would like to have a pair of scissors and cut his hair- he flung the mass back- cut this filthy hair right back to half an inch. He would like to have a bath, a proper wallow with soap" (Golding, pg. 109) -Alex
4.3.1. Although the boys have been stranded on the island for quite sometime now, Ralph has had a battle within himself on whether to adapt to the savagery that is the new social "norms" on the island, or to remain civilized, and all though he participated in stabbing the boar, and the reenactment on Robert, Ralph has tried to stay true to his well mannered nature. I believe that Golding wrote this quote to show the reader that Ralph hasn't lost his civilized traditions, and is learning to contain his inner "beast." -Alex
4.3.2. "He discovered with a little fall of the heart that these were the conditions he took as normal now and that he did not mind," (Golding, 110) emphasizes how Ralph begins to accept how the civilized aspects of their community are almost gone at this point in the book. Ralph realizes that the boys have become accustomed to this uncivilized, dirty nature, and are continuing to fall from the grasp of civilization. (Shanthini)
4.4. Quote
4.4.1. Analysis
4.5. Quote
4.5.1. Analysis
5. Chapter 11-12
5.1. "' I'll lie up close; in that thicket down there,' he whispered,' so keep them away from it. They'll never think to look so close-'" (Golding 190). (Cassie)
5.1.1. I think that Ralph is trying to trust Sam and Eric to tell himself that he isn't alone. I think the fact that they told him most of the plan to kill him and the signals boosted Ralph's confidence and the fact that they were still on the same side, though they end up telling Jack where Ralph is anyways. (Cassie)
5.1.2. I agree that Ralph is trying to convince himself that he is not alone. After both Piggy and Simon, his only allies, died, he is alone with no one left to trust. Although forced to join Jack's side, Ralph still realizes Sam and Eric are decent people, and haven't completely stooped as low as Jack and Roger. For example, when Sam gave Ralph a chunk of meat during the hunt, this displayed Sam's hospitality. (Shanthini)
5.2. "Only now there's no signal going up. Ships may be passing. Do you remember how he went hunting and the fire went out and a ship passed by? And they all think he's best as chief. Then there was, there was... that's his fault too" (Golding, 170) (Shanthini)
5.2.1. The two groups of boys now are driven by completely different motives. Jack is trying to survive on the island by killing anything threatening, whereas Ralph and Piggy are trying to preserve any civilized behavior remaining in the boys, and try to get rescued. It is interesting how both Jack and Ralph thought the same way in the beginning of the book. Near the end of the book however, more boys have been slowly changing their opinions to match Jack's. (Shanthini)
188.8.131.52. I agree with your thoughts that the boys started out as similar authority figures, and each took a turn in their own direction. I think this just goes to show that when humans are put under overwhelming/ unusal situations their "true colors" show. Maybe that's what Golding meant by theire's a beast in all of us, it just depends on who the person is, and how kind hearted they are by nature on whether or not the beast will make it's appearnce. -Alex
5.2.2. Burnt out fire
5.3. "Awful things has been done on this island. I voted for you for chief. He's the only one who ever got anything done. So now you speak, Ralph, and tell us what. Or else-" (Golding 170, ) -Alex
5.3.1. It appears to me that Piggy is upset/ disapointed in Ralph's leadership skills. Although Ralph has done what was possible when it comes to looking after thee boys on the island, I agree that he could have stood up to jack a little more from the beginning; all though it may have resulted in a large conflict, at least it may have ended with only one boy having power on the island. I do understand why Golding didn't write the story that way, because I believe that he wanted to portray the differences between Ralph and Piggy wanting a democracy, and Jack wanting more of a dictatorship. - Alex
5.4. Quote
5.4.1. Analysis
5.5. Quote
5.5.1. Anaylisis
6. Chapter 3-4
6.1. "Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Roger's arm was conditioned by civilization that knew nothing of him and was in ruins" (Golding, 62). (Shanthini)
6.1.1. This quote shows how although mad at Henry, the boys are still civilized on the island. Roger doesn't want to harm/injure Henry in fear of getting in trouble. Although little consequences would happen to Roger if he harmed Henry, he is still thinking this way. (Shanthini)
6.1.2. Roger is the one throwing stones at Henry in chapter 3. Roger is also the one who throws stones and rolls the rock Piggy in Chapter 11. I thought it was kind of funny that he is the one that was throwing the stones both times. (Cassie)
6.2. "Meetings. Don't we love meetings?... I bet that if I blew the conch this minute, they'd come running. Then we'd be... very solumn and someone would say we ought to build a jet, or a submarine, or a TV set. When the meeting was over they'd work for five minutes, then wander off or go hunting." (Golding 51). (Cassie)
6.2.1. This quote says quite a bit about the community they have established. Obviously there is one leader, Ralph, who controls the meetings and such. When everyone hears the conch signal, they know that they need to come in for a meeting. From there, it's not very organized. It doesn't seem like many people take the meetings seriously, since they are suggesting to build things they have absolutely no resources for, such as a TV set. The quote also indicates that things aren't very well enforced. Ralph and Jack are taking about things that they need/want to get done, but if they seriously wanted anything to be done at all, Ralph would have to make an announcement and they would make a schedule and such. (Cassie)
6.2.2. I agree with Cassie's analysis, however I think the quote mainly focuses on how Ralph may not be the most ideal, reinforcing leader the boys need. The boys clearly aren't very focused on the essential to survive. I think they need a leader that will motivate them to be productive on the island, but also engages them. At this point in the novel, Ralph has the power and authority, but feels his "followers" aren't helpful. Maybe this is why later in the novel the majority of the boys end up supporting Jack who seems more powerful as he provides meat. (Shanthini)
6.3. "You didn't ought to have let that fire out. You said you'd keep the fire going." (Golding pg. 71) - Alex
7. Chapter 9-10
7.1. "They bumped Piggy, who was burnt, and yelled and danced. Immediately, Ralph and the crowd of boys were united and relived by a storm of laughter. Piggy once more was the center of a social derision so that everyone felt cheerful and normal." (Golding 149). (Cassie)
7.1.1. Here, I'm sure the boys are relieved to be united, if only for a little while. However, the fact that they are all laughing at Piggy tells me that he is still at the bottom of the food chain, if you will. The fact that he was at the bottom from the beginning and is still is at the bottom now suggests to me that the boys can't exactly move up in their social classes. If they are the laughing-stock, they are always the laughing-stock. Similarly, if they are the leader, they will always be the leader. The one exception is Jack and when he makes his own tribe, but this kind of relationship seems to be reflected in his group as well. (Cassie)
7.2. "At once the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws" (Golding, 153) (Shanthini)
7.2.1. The boys are being described as beasts themselves as they try to kill the "beast". Golding describes the boys as beasts with "teeth" and "claws" as well as "bit" and "tore". This is similar to what Simon was saying before, that the beast is merely a representation of the evil inside themselves. (Shanthini)
7.3. "'Piggy? Are you the only one left?' 'There's some littluns.' 'They dont count. No biguns?' 'Oh Sam and Eric they're collecting wood' 'Nobody else?' 'Not that I know of'"(pg 155 Golding)(Javier Vargas)
7.3.1. this is getting to the point where ralph dosent have a group of kids following him (Javier)
7.3.2. I think that Ralph doesn't only not have boys following him anymore, but he is also losing power and control over everyone except Piggy. He has been losing power for a while, starting when Jack decided to leave the group but is just now realizing that he doesn't have much control anymore. It almost sounds like he can't believe that no one is left with him. (Cassie)
7.4. Quote
7.4.1. Analysis
7.5. Quote
7.5.1. Analysis


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The revelation that a New Zealand nurse has been detained in Syria for five years has prompted tensions between the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the New Zealand government, with the prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, criticising the aid agency for releasing details of the woman's abduction.
On Monday the New York Times, in conjunction with the ICRC, revealed that New Zealander Louisa Akavi, 63, had been abducted along with two Syrian colleagues on 13 October 2013.
The trio have now been held hostage for longer than anyone in the 156-year history of the group.
New Zealand's domestic media learned of the abduction in 2013 but were asked by the government not to publish any stories relating to the kidnapping in case it put the group's safety at risk.
After the story broke on Monday senior figures from the ICRC and New Zealand Red Cross released a series of videos pleading for information about Akavi. Her Red Cross colleagues and family also spoke.
But the publicity was not welcomed by the government. At her weekly press conference, Ardern repeatedly refused to comment on the missing New Zealander and said the government remained of the opinion that the nurse's name and situation should not have been made public.
"Our view was that it should remain out of the public … we've taken a different view, we've disagreed with them [ICRC]," Ardern later told RNZ in a weekly interview.
"Our position didn't change, we did know the International Red Cross had a different view, we were aware of their plan, it just didn't mean that we agreed with them.
"It won't change our relationship [with the ICRC], it just happens to be that we've taken different perspectives at this point."
The foreign minister, Winston Peters, said efforts to locate Akavi were "ongoing" and the government would not comment on operational and intelligence matters, although he did reveal that members of the New Zealand SAS had at one point been deployed to Syria as part of a multi-agency effort to rescue her.
"We advised the ICRC at the highest level that NZ's preference was not to publish," he said in a statement.
"The New Zealand view then, and continues to be, that the release of her story now increased the risks to her life. If there was any acknowledgement of their media plan, it was not an endorsement of their approach."
ICRC director of operations Dominik Stillhart said he was "surprised" that the New Zealand government had criticised the ICRC decision, as he believed it had the government's support. He said a government representative was in his office on Friday and they were "fully aligned" on the next move.
"I think it's important to understand that every decision since 13 October 2013 was to maximise the chance of Louisa's freedom, and every decision was co-ordinated with the New Zealand government … and that included the difficult decision to go public," said Stillhart.
"I am confident the decision was made in full transparency and co-ordination with the New Zealand government"
"We would not have made that decision without the support of the New Zealand Government."
The decision to publish Akavi's story also drew criticism from some New Zealand media outlets.
TV3's national correspondent Patrick Gower called the Red Cross decision to go public "reckless in the extreme" and said the spat between the government and the aid agency was "a disgrace".
The last confirmed sighting of Akavi was in late 2018 near the Euphrates river at the Syrian-Iraqi border.


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The 5,500 pounds of supplies inside the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft includes a wide variety of experiment equipment that astronauts on the International Space Station will operate during Expeditions 50 and 51. The research will cover plant growth, crystallization of a potential immunological disease treatment and a major Earth observation instrument called SAGE III.
The APEX-4, or Advanced Plant EXperiments, is seen here being prepared in a cold room in the Kennedy Space Center Processing Facility. The research involves Arabidopsis in petri plates inside the Veggie facility aboard the International Space Station. Since Arabidopsis is the genetic model of the plant world, it is a perfect sample organism for performing genetic studies in spaceflight. Photos by NASA/Bill White


text: Complete solution for wireless computer peripheral bundle saleMouse (TLSR8866), Keyboard (TLSR8870) and headphone/speaker (TLSR8868) simultaneously (the 3 in 1). We are best in the class 2.4G multimedia solution allow smallest form factors. Current products supports 2 in 1 (mouse and audio), 3 in 1 (mouse, keyboard and audio) and up to 10 devices connected to the same nano dongle.


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Sears Holdings Corporation- Backroom Associate (Rapid City, SD)Posted: November 9, 2015 Filed under: Local Jobs Comments Off on Sears Holdings Corporation- Backroom Associate (Rapid City, SD)
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For more information or to apply for this position, please click on the following link:


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CCA to FCC: Stick With 39-Month TV Station Repack Timetable
Smaller wireless carriers are urging the FCC to stick with its 39-month timetable to repack TV stations after the spectrum auction.
Broadcasters have said that might not be enough time, and FCC chairman Tom Wheeler has told Congress that if they don't give the FCC enough money for the auction, those broadcasters would be right.
In an ex parte letter to the FCC, the Competitive Carriers Association said that the spectrum the FCC is freeing up, including reserved spectrum for competitive carriers, is essential and their best chance to get access to key low-band spectrum and to live up to their name as competitive carriers.
"For these reasons, we encourage the Commission to conduct post-auction repacking procedures on schedule, as is currently planned."
The plans is to give broadcasters three months after the close of the auction to file construction permits for new facilities or modifications and 36 months, with various internal deadlines.
The FCC has proposed a rolling, regional approach to the repack, in part so that the limited number of tower crews can be most efficiently deployed.
CCA agrees with that approach, so long that it "balances the clearing of urban and rural markets in a fair and objective way so all carriers benefit in the auction..."
They also include the warning that delay could devalue the spectrum and disincentivize bidders from participating in the forward auction, where the reclaimed broadcast spectrum will go to the highest bidder, which will have to be enough to compensate all the billions going to broadcasters.
The television industry's top news stories, analysis and blogs of the day.
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The UK's involvement.
Tag: 9/11
The War on Terror Has Targeted Muslims Almost Exclusively
United States (FPIF) – The war on terror was supposed to be about making our country safer. As a Muslim American, I don't feel safer at all. Every year on September 11, the United States mourns the innocent lives that were…
9/11 Attorney Recruiting Clients to Sue Saudi Arabia for Attacks
A partner in the Manhattan law firm that raked in hundreds of millions of dollars representing 10,000 Ground Zero workers is soliciting those clients to sue Saudi Arabia for sponsoring the 9/11 attacks.
"There is nothing you need to do at this time. We will be preparing a lawsuit and filing it on your behalf," reads an e-mail sent to the clients by Napoli Law, the new firm of Paul Napoli.
9/11: Twin Towers 'Could Have Been Destroyed by Controlled Demolition'
In a study published on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the 9/11 tragedy, a group of physicists have suggested that the World Trade Center towers could have been destroyed by controlled demolition.
The World Trade Center (WTC) Twin Towers possibly were destroyed by controlled demolition, the study published by Europhysics News, the magazine of the European physics community, assumes, Sputnik News reported.
"On September 11, 2001, the world witnessed the total collapse of large steel-framed high-rises. Since then, scientists and engineers have been working to understand why and how these unprecedented structural failures occurred," the article dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the September 11 read.
9/11: Bush's Guilt, and the 28 Pages
On Friday July15th, as the national news media were either on vacation or preparing for the opening of the Trump National Convention on Monday the 18th, the long-awaited release of the 'missing' 28 pages from the US Senate's 9/11 report («DECEMBER 2002: JOINT INQUIRY INTO INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES BEFORE AND AFTER THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001») occurred. The official title of this document is «PART FOUR – FINDING, DISCUSSION AND NARRATIVE REGARDING CERTAIN SENSITIVE NATIONAL SECURITY MATTERS», and it constitutes pages 6-34 of a pdf. (Some writers mistakenly call it «29 pages».)
It «was kept secret from the public on the orders of former President George W. Bush», and remained secret under Bush's successor Barack Obama, until that Friday night late in Obama's Second Administration, right before a week of Republican National Convention news would be dominating the news (along with any racial incidents, which would be sure to distract the public even more from any indication of Bush's guilt). The pdf was of a picture-file so as to be non-searchable by journalists and thus slow to interpret, and thus would impede press-coverage of it. The file was also of a very degraded picture of the pages, so as to make the reading of it even more uninviting and difficult. Well, that was a skillful news-release-and-coverup operation! The Federal Government had plenty of time to do this right, but they evidently had plenty of incentive to do it wrong. They're not incompetent; the reasonable explanation is something worse than that. (After all, this information has been hidden from the public for all of the 13+ years since that report was published without the 28 pages at the end of 2002.)
Journalist who exposed My Lai, Abu Ghraib Says Saudis Paid To Hide Bin Laden
More revelations.
Obama Insists Tensions With Gulf Allies 'Overblown'
The US President may insist that everything is fine and dandy, but the Saudi Prince Turki is casting some serious shade.
White House Threatens to Veto 9/11 Lawsuit Bill
Not so fast!
Understanding Terrorism: Why anybody promising to stop terrorism is lying
What is terrorism, what are its goals, how do we fight it? The biggest secret about the War on Terror is revealed.
Trump: George Bush had 'Advance Notice' About 9/11 Attacks
The GOP's freakshow continues.
New TED Talk Goes Inside Secretive Prison Units on U.S. Soil
What do you know about US secret prisons?
From Baghdad to Syracuse: exposing the reality of war
The fight against the drone war.
What War and Terror Do to Principles
A Young Syrian Recounts the Years in His Smoldering Homeland
Man Who Opposed WTC Mosque to be Given 1000 Lashes by Sharia Court
Should we leave him behind? He spoke the truth.
The predictive genius of Hunter S. Thompson
Listen or read one of Hunter's most insightful pieces.


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The third IDCAR Network Conference "International Resistance to Democratization: Is it Really All About Authoritarian Co-operation?" will take place from September 29-30 at Nuffield College, Oxford. Over seven panels, network members will investigate authoritarian resistance to international democratization initiatives, analyzing topics such as transnational learning, repression, conceptions of authoritarian community, and the origins of the Chinese political model.
Thursday, September 29
Panel 1 (Chair: Laurence Whitehead; Discussant: Desmond King)
Marianne Kneuer (co-authors Thomas Demmelhuber, Raphael Peresson, Tobias Zumbrägel): Authoritarian Gravity Centres: Exploiting Regional Organizations as Transmission Belts and Learning Rooms
Kurt Weyland: Promotion of Regime Change in Latin America: Limits of U.S. Influence
Panel 2 (Chair: Maria Josua; Discussant: Ben Ansell)
Christoph Trinn (co-author Thomas Wencker): No State is an Island: Transnational Learning in Transnational Conflicts
Ilyas Saliba and Edward Stoddard: Killing them softly? Assessing Pre-emptive Repression in Russia and Egypt
Panel 3 (Chair: Nancy Bermeo; Discussant: Ezequiel Gonzalez Cantos)
Carlos de la Torre: Bolivarian Democratic Promotion: Responding to the Honduran and Ecuadorean Coups
Bert Hoffmann: International Cooperation of non-democratic regimes: How much is it about regime type? Insights from the Cuban case
Panel 4 (Chair: André Bank; Discussant: Oisín Tansey)
May Darwich: Selfhood, Recognition, and Conflict in International Relations: A Cultural Explanation of the Saudi Intervention in Yemen
Adele Del Sordi and Emanuela Dalmasso: Blurred borders between authoritarian and democratic regimes: the religious foreign policy of Kazakhstan and Morocco
Sean Yom (via Skype): Community and Collaboration amongst Mideast Monarchies: New Theorizing after the Arab Spring
Friday, September 30
Panel 5 (Chair: Kurt Weyland; Discussant: Nancy Bermeo)
Alexander Schmotz and Oisín Tansey: Regime Type, Strategic Interest, and Autocratic Cooperation
Michael Bratton (co-author Peter Penar): Dropping the Democracy Ball in Southern Africa: South Africa, SADC and Zimbabwe
Panel 6 (Chair: Carlos de la Torre; Discussant: Paul Chaisty)
John Ishiyama: Understanding the Appeal of the "Chinese Model" in Africa and Central Asia(?): One party regimes and governance
Rana Mitter: The origins of the nonliberal Chinese political model: how Mencius met Marx in the works of Zou Taofen
Panel 7 (Chair: Bert Hoffmann)
John Keane: The conference rapporteur's notes
Laurence Whitehead: Conclusions


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The precious GEM Collection by SD® Design is one to be completely and utterly cherished
The colours for this collection are so spectacular you will be adored from long and a far
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- Hand wash or wash with max 30 degrees and tumble drying
- Wash the saddle pad inside out preferably in a washing bag, to keep good care of pipings/badge
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One of the advantages of having Trupanion is the ease in which you can submit claims as the need arises. I have been emailing my claims (at any time of the day) and Trupanion claims sends a confirmation and then lets me know when it was processed and what to expect in the mail. Faxing claims from work is also an easy way to submit claims. Either way, Trupanion claims is fast, easy and friendly by phone.
congestive heart failure
Claim Amount
$100 - $500
Age of Pet
Over 8 years


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Marketers Relieved At Can Spam Bill's Progress
Page 1 of 1
"It's the biggest turkey the President will see all week and he should stuff it the moment it lands on his desk." That's how California State Senator Debra Bowen (D-Redondo Beach) described the anti-spam bill which cleared the U.S. Senate floor Tuesday.
Bowen authored California's 1998 anti-spam law and this year, she introduced SB 12 to repeal California's "opt-out" statute and replace it with the nation's first "opt-in" law to require e-mail advertisers and marketers to get people's permission before sending them unsolicited commercial advertisements.
Instead, the law, which the House is expected to pass unanimously the second week in December, allows unsolicited commercial e-mail as long as the headers aren't misleading and there's a clear opt-out mechanism.
The party line is that anti-spam legislation doesn't affect legitimate marketers. At the same time, they're happy to comply with it. But they want one law that covers the nation, rather than a multitude of state or local laws. With the Senate's formal approval of House revisions to its Can Spam Act, marketers are close to getting their wish.
The federal legislation will pre-empt the patchwork of 37 state laws that make compliance difficult and often contradictory, said Helen Roberts, COO of e-mail marketing vendor Responsys. She said her company supports the right of anyone not to receive unsolicited email. "At the same time, we hope this legislation is implemented in a way that consumers will understand, and in a way that makes compliance possible for legitimate email marketers." She said that consumers may not realize, for example, that the Do-Not-E-Mail Registry, one of the law's provisions, wouldn't stop e-mail to opt-in lists.
E-mail list manager OptInBig found that the federal legislation is good for business. "Our January bookings skyrocketed after the passage of the Can Spam Act," said CEO Scott Richter, because its marketer clients no longer have to worry about California's strict law, which Federal law would supersede. One of the largest e-mail senders in the U.S., the company says it has over half of the 100 million unique e-mail addresses in North America in its database. "We're very happy that we now have one law instead of 37 individual state laws to deal with," Richter said. "We try to be in compliance with all of them, but some of them were so farfetched and changing so fast, it was hard to keep up."
A spokesperson for Roving Software, maker of e-mail marketing apps, agreed that while legislation is not the final answer, a federal policy is preferable to a plethora of contradictory state initiatives.
In fact, legitimate marketers weren't worried about state laws -- until California's, according to Kenneth Hirschman, VP and general counsel for e-mail service provider Digital Impact. "Our clients don't send unsolicited commercial e-mail, so they never had to worry about government action," he said. "What got everyone scared was California's private right of action." With the penalty at $1,000 per instance, marketers worried that individuals would file frivolous suits on the off chance that a company would settle on the spot. "While our clients could prove they weren't sending unsolicited commercial e-mail," Hirschman said, "it would be prohibitively expensive to have to prove it every night."
Legislation was never at the top of e-mail marketers' worry list. In a recent Webinar poll conducted by Jupiter Research, a division of this publication's parent company, only 8 percent of the e-mail marketers surveyed called anti-spam legislation their number one concern. Topping their list instead were blacklists and spam filters implemented by ISPs and corporate IT departments; 31 percent of those surveyed saw these as the biggest concern, while 22 percent put bounces and e-mail address changes as their biggest e-mail delivery issues.
But consumers are another story. According to a recent poll conducted for enterprise content filtering vendor SurfControl, 86 percent of employees supported the Burns/Wyden legislation to outlaw spam with misleading header information. Consumers who hope the Can Spam Act will actually make a difference in the flow of spam to their inboxes will get coal in their stockings instead. Legislation might be somewhat of a deterrent but it won't dike the flow. " This law is one of three things we need to do as society," said Susan Getgood, senior VP for SurfControl. She said people need to be educated about how to avoid exposing their e-mail addresses and technology to stop spam from reaching individuals needs to keep developing. "We have to keep remembering that no one thing is going to stop it," she said.
It's an arms race that has no end, according to Lance Cottrell, founder and president of Anonymizer, a vendor of personal privacy services and software. The law won't have much effect, he believes, except for making it more complicated to run an Internet business. "Spam solutions don't work as well as you would like them to," he said. "But because it's so easy to evade U.S. legislation, I don't think there's any choice but to use these technologies."
"This federal legislation is great," Responsys' Roberts said, "yet there's no silver bullet here. There's no silver bullet, period."


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We have had a good uptake from previous and new participants for ESOS Phase 2, with a number of clients already well progressed and in some cases finished and ready to submit their final report to the EA.
One new client, a prominent international auctioneer, has completed their ESOS Assessment and is ready to submit pending review by upper management. There were a number of challenges involved with completing the ESOS assessment as the building stock was unusual where new and old buildings were seamlessly joined and shared the same utility meters. This was compounded by the buildings being located in conservation areas and in some cases listed heritage sites. However, we were able to overcome these difficulties and provide recommendations that took into account the unusual building portfolio.
We are still taking on clients for Phase 2 of ESOS should you have not selected a Lead Assessor yet, however the deadline is fast approaching and late submission could result in fines, so contact us now for a quote.


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Written by: Elsie Velazquez CPT at Prescription Fitness (Cleveland, Ohio)
Hard to believe that the year 2018 is almost over! You've worked hard all year to be a healthier version of yourself so now is not the time to throw in the towel! Instead, use the month of December to finish the year off strong. Come January, you will be glad you did and you will be motivated to make 2019 an even better and healthier year.
Let's not kid ourselves – the next three to four weeks will be hard on our wallets, our time, and our diets/training program. It is challenging to find time to fit a workout in between shopping trips, family gatherings, and all the other holiday festivities that seem to take up all of our spare time. I think we are all in the same boat. While I do not have the magic solution, I do have a few suggestions that may help make the month of December a joyously healthy one.
When it comes to maintaining your diet and workout plan during the month of December, it is important to plan ahead. If you know you have a party in the evening, keep your calories low earlier in the day. If you know you won't make it to the gym on Wednesday, give your workouts your absolute all on the days you can make it.
Keep in mind that the only bad workout is the one you did not do! If you only have 15 minutes to workout instead of your normal 45, make those 15 minutes count! Just make it happen…no excuses! Even a quick workout at home if you can't make it to the gym is better than no workout.
While it seems we are programmed to set weight loss as our main goal, perhaps you should not make that your priority during the month of December. Why add to your stress level? Instead, make it a priority to maintain the improvements you've made all year. Aim to move as much as possible and try to always be mindful of your food choices. This will allow you to enjoy your time with family and friends without putting unrealistic expectations on yourself.
Parties with family and friends sitting around a table, cold nights laying on a sofa in front on the fireplace watching movies, and a 9-5 sedentary job can add up to hours and hours of little movement. This would be a good time to monitor your steps. Aiming for 10,000 steps a day can help keep you on track.
Be brave and head outside for a brisk walk. You might get an extra calorie burn from the cold-weather cardio session because your body uses more energy to warm up the air you breathe. Plus the weight of your coat, boots, and extra layers of clothing will help you burn more calories.
Not overdoing the alcoholic drinks is a no-brainer. What is important is to make sure you drink enough water. Water is necessary for the body to function at its best, and it can help prevent a false sense of hunger. Keep a big bottle of water handy at all times. Add berries and/or lemon slices to add a little hint of flavor.


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Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
On-line version ISSN 2224-9435
Print version ISSN 1019-9128
J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. vol.90 n.1 Pretoria 2019
Erythrocytosis and fatigue fractures associated with hepatoblastoma in a 3-year-old gelding
Sharon Tirosh-LevyI; Shmuel PerlII; Beth A. ValentineIII; Gal KelmerI
IDepartment of Large Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
IIDepartment of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet-Dagan, Israel
IIIDepartment of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
Hepatoblastoma was diagnosed in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with forelimb lameness with bilateral fatigue fractures of the proximal third metacarpal bones. An abdominal mass was detected on ultrasound examination of the abdomen. Absolute erythrocytosis was diagnosed after clinical and haematological evaluation. The fractured metacarpal bones were surgically removed but complications after surgery were fatal. The liver mass was diagnosed as a hepatoblastoma based on histology and immunochemical staining. The combination of hepatoblastoma and fatigue fractures has not been described previously in horses. A potential link between the hepatic and orthopaedic pathologies is hypothesised.
Keywords: equine; erythrocytosis; hepatoblastoma; fatigue fracture.
Erythrocytosis is defined as a relative or absolute increase in the number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and is characterised by increased packed cell volume (PCV), haematocrit (HCT), RBC count and haemoglobin (HGB) concentration. Relative erythrocytosis is usually caused by dehydration or splenic contraction. Primary absolute erythrocytosis, or polycythaemia vera, is an idiopathic myeloproliferative disorder characterised by overproduction of all cell lines in the bone marrow and accompanied by normal to low concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO). Secondary absolute erythrocytosis is a result of EPO overproduction, which may be appropriate as compensation to systemic hypoxia, or inappropriate in cases of EPO secreting tumours or as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome (Lording 2008; Randolph, Peterson & Stokol 2010).
Stress or fatigue fractures are fairly common in young racehorses as a result of repeated high loading during training. Such injury occurs when the accumulation of micro-damages in the bone is faster than its repair or remodelling (Martig et al. 2014; Nunamaker, Butterweck & Provost 1990).
Equine primary liver tumours are rare, usually found in young animals, and classified as either hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma based on the degree of cell differentiation. Only 12 cases of equine hepatoblastoma, of which only three cases were over 2 years of age, have been described in horses (Axon et al. 2008; Beeler-Marfisi et al. 2010; Loynachan et al. 2007; McFarlane, Sellon & Parker 1998). This case report describes the occurrence of erythrocytosis, hepatoblastoma and stress fractures in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding and discusses a possible link between these conditions.
Ethical considerations
The case describes treatment of a client-owned horse. All treatments were with the intention to help the horse, ameliorate its suffering and improve its medical status and its well-being. All treatments were given with the consent of the owner.
Case presentation
A 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for surgical treatment of a stress fracture of the right proximal third metacarpal bone (MC3). The owners reported lameness as the only clinical abnormality and reported that prior to that, the horse was in training and raced successfully. Lameness and bright red mucous membranes were the only clinical abnormalities detected at the initial clinical examination.
Radiographs of the forelimbs (FCR CAPSULA by Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) revealed bilateral fractures at the proximal dorsal aspect of both MC3. The fractures were almost symmetrical and involved the carpo-metacarpal joints (Figure 1).
The initial PCV was 62% (reference range [RR]: 30% - 45%) with total solids (TS) concentration of 6 g/dL (RR: 5-7.2 g/dL). The horse was not clinically dehydrated, and the creatinine concentration was lower than 0.5 mg/dL (RR: 0.9-2 mg/dL). After 24 L of intravenous fluid administration (via a 14G jugular catheter), the PCV was 60% with TS of 5.8 g/dL. The horse was discharged, and on return 1 week later, the PCV was 65%.
A complete blood cell count at this point revealed elevated RBC parameters (RBC: 14.12 × 106/µL, RR: 7.2-12 × 106/µL; HCT: 66.7%, RR: 31.1% - 50.5%; HGB: 24.9 g/dL, RR: 11.6-18. 9 g/dL), while white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were within normal limits. A serum biochemical profile disclosed increased serum activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT) (18.3 U/L, RR: 0-6 U/L) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (49.9 U/L, RR: 8-22 U/L), an elevated bilirubin concentration (8.4 mg/dL, RR: 0.5-2.3 mg/dL) and normal glucose concentrations (79/dL, RR: 50-107 mg/dL). Arterial blood gas parameters were within normal range except for a slightly low pressure of oxygen (PaO2: 83.4 mmHg). Indirect blood pressure obtained from the coccygeal artery was 107/84 mmHg.
Abdominal ultrasound (Mylab 30 model 7300 by Esaote, Genova, Italy, abdominal convex array transducer 25 MHz) suggested a large abdominal hyperechoic mass with ill-defined margins, just caudal to the diaphragm on the right side of the abdomen. Abdominocentesis yielded a transudate (TS: 1.4 g/dL) with few blood cells and no evidence of neoplastic cells. The mass was judged to be accessible for fine needle aspiration but was not sampled because the procedure lacked the owner's consent.
A bone marrow aspirate from the sternum demonstrated a predominance of erythroid precursors (20:1 erythroid:myeloid ratio). A serum EPO concentration of 1.2 mIU/mL (no RR was established in the laboratory for equids, and the literature states normal ranges of 8-25 mIU/mL [McFarlane et al. 1998] or 0-9 mIU/mL [Jaussaud et al. 1994]). Reference samples analysed from two healthy mares with normal HCTs yielded an EPO concentration of 0.763 mIU/mL and < 0.6 mIU/mL.
At the request of the owner, bone fragments were removed from both MC3 under general anaesthesia. Surrounding proliferative bone was debrided. The horse was premedicated with xylazine hydrochloride (Tiazine, CEVA, Glenorie, NSW, Australia, 0.5 mg/kg bwt, IV) and butorphanol tartrate (Butomidor, Richter pharma, Wels, UK, 0.01 mg/kg bwt, IV). Anaesthesia induction was achieved with the administration of ketamine hydrochloride (Clorketam, Vetoquinol, Cedex, France, 2.2 mg/kg bwt, IV) and diazepam (Assival, Teva, Petach Tikva, Israel, 0.04 mg/kg bwt, IV) and maintained with isoflurane (Isoflurane, Teva, Petach Tikva, Israel) in 100% oxygen using positive pressure ventilation in a semi-closed breathing system (LAVC 2000 D, Eickemeyer, Germany). Intraoperative radiographs confirmed successful removal of bone fragments (Figure 1).
While recovering from general anaesthesia, the horse became hypoxaemic (PaO2 of 56.5 mmHg) and could not stand. Intravenous dextrose was administered (1 L of 10% dextrose), and the horse was placed in a sling, but even with sling support and head and tail ropes, the horse was still unable to stand. Six litres of blood was then removed through a catheter in the jugular vein. The horse rapidly improved, was able to stand and became more alert. After recovery, the PCV decreased to 53%.
Postoperative treatment consisted of bandaging, systemic antibiotics (Enrofloxacin, Vetmarket, Modi'in, Israel, 7.5 mg/kg SID PO) and anti-inflammatories (Phenylbutazone, Vetoquinol, Cedex, France, 4.4 mg/kg IV BID for 2 days followed by 2.2 mg/kg IV BID). The horse was discharged 5 days after surgery with a PCV of 57% and TS of 5.7 g/dL.
The use of fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) as a perioperative antibiotic in an elective surgery is contrary to recommended guidelines such as 'Protect Me' by BEVA (https://www.beva.org.uk/Home/Resources-For-Vets-Practices/Old-pages/Guidance/Protect-ME-Practice-Policy, last accessed September 2018). However, there was no available designated orthopaedic surgery suite, which compromised the level of cleanliness and sterility.
One month after discharge from the hospital, the horse returned weak and anorexic with cellulitis of the right forelimb. The animal collapsed and died soon after admission.
Post-mortem examination revealed a large (approximately 20 cm) round firm mass in the left medial lobe of the liver. Numerous smaller masses of various sizes were present in the left lateral liver lobe (Figure 2). Both forelimb fracture sites appeared to have healed completely. Histological examination of the mass in the left lateral liver lobe showed marked disruption of the hepatic architecture by multiple variably sized masses, each composed of small relatively homogeneous cells with euchromatic nuclei, typically a single large central eosinophilic nucleolus, and a thin rim of finely granular to clear cytoplasm. Mitoses were rare. Tumour cells formed small nests surrounded by fine reticular-type stroma (Figure 3).
Immunostaining of tumour cells with CD117 (Dako, 1:500 dilution), S-100 (Dako, 1:400 dilution), CK-WSS (Dako, 1:500 dilution), CK AE1-AE3 (Dako, 1:200 dilution), Vimentin (Dako, 1:100 dilution) and Chromogranin (Dako, 1:1000 dilution) antibodies did not yield any positive reaction. Both cytokeratin (CK) 'cocktails' identified proliferative biliary-type epithelium in expanded portal areas of parenchyma adjacent to tumour nodules. Tumour stroma was positive for vimentin.
Based on clinical signs, gross pathology, histology and immunohistochemistry, the tumour was classified as an embryonic type of hepatoblastoma (Beeler-Marfisi et al. 2010).
Diagnosis of erythrocytosis relies on clinical findings and laboratory blood parameters. Clinical signs are usually attributed to blood hyperviscosity and to the underlying cause (Randolph et al. 2010). In this case, the horse was apparently healthy and the only initial clinical sign was red mucous membranes, accompanied by clinical pathology findings indicative of an increased RBC mass. The diagnosis of absolute erythrocytosis was made by ruling out dehydration and demonstrating the consistency of erythrocytosis over time.
Serum EPO concentration was not supportive of secondary erythrocytosis. Examination of bone marrow aspirates was not helpful in distinguishing between primary and secondary causes of erythrocytosis (McFarlane et al. 1998; Randolph et al. 2010). A cut-off value of 80 mmHg is usually used to diagnose hypoxaemia, which is usually accompanied by clinical signs of increased cardiac and respiratory rates or respiratory distress (Belli et al. 2011; Randolph et al. 2010). In this case, no clinical signs were observed but oxygen partial pressure was only slightly higher (83 mmHg) than the hypoxaemic cut-off. This may be attributed to blood hyperviscosity (Randolph et al. 2010). As this horse was a competing race horse before the initial diagnosis and did not demonstrate any clinical signs, cardiac or lung abnormalities were not likely, and the only probable differential diagnosis left was a neoplastic or paraneoplastic disorder. An abdominal soft tissue mass was indeed found ultrasonographically and liver-associated biochemistry parameters were elevated. However, as the owner was reluctant to perform further diagnostics, the definitive diagnosis of hepatic neoplasia was made only post-mortem. Erythrocytosis is the most common paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with hepatic neoplasia (Kew 2016) and has been reported in horses in at least three cases of hepatoblastoma and two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (Beeler-Marfisi et al. 2010).
Erythropoiesis and bone homeostasis are finely coordinated regulated processes that occur in the bone marrow. When disease damages this balance, anaemia, polycythaemia or osteoporosis may occur (Eggold & Rankin 2018). It was shown in mice that polycythaemia causes bone loss and decreased osteoblast function both with and without excessive EPO production (Oikonomidou et al. 2016).
Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver tumour in children (Czauderna & Garnier 2018), but seldom reported in domestic animals. Veterinary reports of hepatoblastoma include a dog (Shiga et al. 1997), a cat (Ano et al. 2011), an alpaca (Watt, Cooley & Darien 2001), a bull, a sheep and 12 horses (Beeler-Marfisi et al. 2010). Most veterinary cases were diagnosed in neonatal or young animals [with the exception of an 8-year-old cat and a 13-year-old dog (Ano et al. 2011; Shiga et al. 1997)]. Half of the equine cases were reported in stillborn foals or neonates and only three cases were over 2 years of age. All of the horses showed various clinical signs (weight loss and inappetence) and the presenting complaint was usually non-specific. Some cases had other paraneoplastic signs including erythrocytosis, pleural effusion and ascites, as well as metastases in the lungs, bone, brain, meninges or abdominal cavity (Beeler-Marfisi et al. 2010; Cantile et al. 2001; de Vries et al. 2013; Lennox et al. 2000; Neu 1993; Prater, Patton & Held 1989). In this case, the horse reached 3 years of age with no apparent clinical signs and without interference with its athletic training prior to the reported lameness.
Based on tumour morphology and location, the primary differential diagnoses were hepatoblastoma, biliary carcinoma (cholangiocarcinoma) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour morphology was also consistent with a metastatic gast-rointestinal stromal tumour, neuroblastoma and carcinoid. The final diagnosis of hepatoblastoma was made on the basis of a combination of morphological and histological features of the tumour.
Histological diagnosis of hepatoblastoma is challenging, with several subtypes, and definite diagnosis and classification can be established with the support of immuno-staining (Hiyama 2014; Schnater et al. 2003). The failure to detect CD117 ruled out a gastrointestinal stromal tumour and a negative S-100 reaction did not support neuroblastoma. Failure to detect cytokeratin within tumour cells ruled out biliary carcinoma, and the lack of chromogranin A ruled out a carcinoid tumour. Hepatoblastoma was the final diagnosis by ruling out all other relevant options. Hepatoblastoma cells will typically be alpha foetoprotein positive but, unfortunately, that antibody was not available for testing at the time.
The presenting complaint of the current case was of right forelimb lameness, and radiographs demonstrated bilateral proximal MC3 fragmentation involving the carpal joint. The symmetric nature of the fractures fits the assumption of fatigue injury. Material fatigue has undergone much study and refers to the process of degradation of material properties when a structure is repetitively loaded with forces that are less than the monotonic force required to cause catastrophic failure. Under continuous cyclic loading, microscopically small damage accumulates over time at areas of stress concentration and may eventually lead to catastrophic failure (Martig et al. 2014). Such failures are referred to as fatigue failures and in sport horses may eventually lead to catastrophic fractures. Fatigue fractures are directly related to bone mineral density (BMD) (Tóth et al. 2013). Fatigue fractures are common in racehorses, and most commonly they include MC3 stress fractures ('bucked shins'), metacarpal or tarsal (MC3/MT3) condylar fractures, sagittal proximal phalanx fractures, proximal sesamoid fractures, carpal slab fractures, long bone (tibia, humerus and radius) fractures as well as fractures of the scapula and pelvis (Martig et al. 2014). Subchondral bone damage (mostly in the carpal and fetlock joints) is also characteristic in racehorses, which may lead to intra-articular fractures or focal joint surface injuries (Martig et al. 2014). Similar to this, in the current case, the fractures involved MC3 and were intra-articular, but involved the proximal MC3 and the carpo-metacarpal joint.
The effect of chronic liver disease on bone is well established in human patients. Bone mineral density decreases in liver patients, and they are prone to osteoporosis and pathologic fractures. This phenomenon was mainly described in cirrhotic patients and was typically named hepatic osteodystrophy (Guanabens & Pares 2010, 2011; Jadhav et al. 2000). Although the relationship between liver disease and decreased BMD leading to pathological fractures is well known, the aetiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. However, insulin like-growth-factor 1 (IGF-1) is manufactured in the liver and its decline is one of the first markers of liver dysfunction. Insulin like-growth-factor 1 is a major contributor to bone production, and thus, its loss in liver disease results in a decreased BMD (George et al. 2009; Guanabens & Pares 2010). A recent study reported that fractures occurred in 15% of children with hepatoblastoma. It is suspected to be a paraneoplastic syndrome, but no aetiology was suggested (Hartley et al. 1990; Towbin et al. 2018). In equines, there is a report of a yearling (https://jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/editor/submissionReview/1708) with hepatoblastoma that suffered from bilateral bone cysts in the first phalanges (Axon et al. 2008). Unfortunately, in this case, as well as in the present one, no BMD analysis was performed to support this hypothesis.
Cases of erythrocytosis are diagnostically challenging, especially in the absence of other clinical signs. Hepatoblastoma is a rare pathology and its description here, as an occult finding in a relatively mature and apparently healthy horse, is unique. The hypothesis of a potential link between the initial orthopaedic complaint and the final diagnosis warrants further investigation.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
G.K. and S.T.L. attended the horse and performed all ante-mortem diagnostics. S.P. and B.A.V. performed all post-mortem and histologic diagnoses. All authors read, revised and approved the manuscript.
The views expressed in the submitted article are the authors' own and not an official position of the institution or funder.
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Sharon Tirosh-Levy
Received: 18 June 2018
Accepted: 23 Jan. 2019
Published: 28 Mar. 2019


text:
Germany to lead digitalisation with Industrie 4.0
Initiated in 2006, the German program Industrie 4.0 was the first structured initiative to be released by a developed country Government regarding the Future of Manufacturing.
In 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall was followed by series major political and economical decisions such as one East Deutsch Mark should be equal to one West Deutsch Mark.
In doing so the intention was to boost the economy in the previous East Germany where the salaries were less than a tenth of West Germany.
In the 1990s years this gap in the labors costs between German regions motivated companies to go East for cheaper production.
In the 2000s years with the introduction of the Euro, Germany repeated the operation going further East to Czech Republic, Poland, Romania or Turkey to maintain competitive labor costs.
In parallel most of the developed countries were running to China for the same reason.
This massive transfer of production to eastern countries and to China, thus nicknamed the World Factory, triggered number of alarming bells within the German industry community.
As first exporter of industrial goods in the world, Germany realized the risks in the long run of this delocalization for its economy and the urgency to invent a new industrial universe in order to preserve its competitive market leadership on the next decades.
Mobilizing all the sectors of its industry, the task force created to investigated solutions came out with the Industrie 4.0 concept in adding a new dimension the manufacturing process, the digitalization, to overcome this challenge to invent the Future of Manufacturing in Germany.
Should Germany go for Industrie 4.0 or Industry 4.0?
With the digitalization, Germany is changing the rules to produce to the point that this Future of Manufacturing program has been branded Industrie 4.0 , as it should lead to the fourth industrial revolution.
We remind that the first industrial revolution came from the textiles machines and the steam power, the second revolution resulted from the electricity and oil energies in combination with the first mass production while the third revolution is still where we are with the development of the computers in the machines.
In that respect the Germans make a clear difference between automation or robotization, which is about introducing a computer in a machine and the digitalization which is about connecting industrial systems together.
While most of the countries confuse automation and digitalization, in Germany this technology is perceived as a break through to justifies the "4.0" as to open a new dimension in industry.
The digitalization will enable the German companies to team up through collaborative platforms.
These collaborative platforms will revolution the relationships between all the key players of the supply chain.
They do not work in line any more in a customer – supplier relationship, but they interact in parallel from the emergence of the end client need to his delivery.
The expectation is to favor innovation, cut costs and reduce time to market.
In using the Deutsche spelling in "Industrie 4.0" to name their Future of Manufacturing program, Germany intended to promote the technology "Made in Germany" as a model.
Anyway the digitalization to support this program cannot be deployed in a closed system, its performance will also be related to European and global companies and requires some harmonization between all the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS).
The Internet of the Things (IoT) can become commercially viable only after international alignment.
Therefore the question is now if Germany should take advantage of its decade advance in Future of Manufacturing to go global with Industry 4.0 instead of standing local with Industrie 4.0.
For more information about Future of Manufacturing in Oil & Gas and Petrochemicals