text:
|Proton 8K82K / 11S824
|Proton 8K82K / 11S82 - Proton 8K82K / 11S824 - L1 Configuration
56,842 bytes. 330 x 477 pixels.
This four stage version of the Proton was originally designed to send manned circumlunar spacecraft into translunar trajectory. Guidance to the Block D stage must be supplied by spacecraft. The design was proposed on 8 September 1965 by Korolev as an alternate to Chelomei's LK-1 circumlunar mission. It combined the Proton 8K82K booster for the LK-1 with the N1 lunar Block D stage to boost a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft around the moon. The Korolev design was selected, and first flight came on 10 March 1967. The crash lunar program lead to a poor launch record. Following a protracted ten year test period, the booster finally reached level of launch reliability comparable to that of other world launch vehicles.
Development of a three-stage version of the UR-500 was authorised in the decree of 3 August 1964. Decrees of 12 October and 11 November 1964 authorised development of the Almaz manned military space station and the manned circumlunar spacecraft LK-1 as payloads for the UR-500K. However at the same time Khrushchev was ousted from power. Chelomei lost his chief patron and his projects came under negative scrutiny by the new leadership.
On 8 September 1965 Korolev presented an several schemes for using Chelomei's UR-500 to fly around the moon. One alternate was a two-part spaceship, using the Proton with the upper stage Block D from Korolev's N1-L3 lunar project. This would launch Korolev's 7K-L1 spacecraft (derived from the 7K-OK Soyuz) onto a translunar trajectory. This project received the name UR-500K-L1, and was adopted in place of Chelomei's LK-1 circumlunar project. It required construction of 18 UR-500K rockets, which, in a combination flight-test and government trials program, would send L1 spacecraft around the moon, at first unmanned, then manned.
By 4 October 1966 a dummy rocket was mounted at the launch site. The dummy was loaded with imitation propellants (kerosene as fuel and water/ethyl alcohol as oxidiser). The nitrogen tetroxide oxidiser had to be kept above -11 degrees C, and it was originally planned for a thermostatically-controlled electrical heating of the tank walls to achieve this. It was ultimately decided that the risk of explosion of such a system was too great, and the system was abandoned.
The first flight rocket (serial number 22701) began assembly on 21 November 1966, with mechanical assembly completed by 29 November. Electrical connections and tests were completed by 4 December 1966. Due to New Year's holidays work did not resume until 28 January 1967. By 28 February the fully assembled booster / spacecraft unit was completed in the MIK, including the 7K-L1P boilerplate spacecraft. The launch tower was added on 2 March 1967 and the system was declared ready for launch. A serious potential problem during preparations was the discovery that fuel gases could lead to pump cavitation at the turbine exits. Tests on the ground showed that the problem was not the fuel itself, but in the monitoring equipment.
Although the first launch of the UR-500K-L1 on 10 March was successful, the record for the balance of the manned circumlunar project was dismal. Of the remaining 11 launches of the project, only that of Zond-7 was recognised as fully successful. In 60% of the failures the fault was in the launch vehicle; in 20% the Block D; and in 20% the spacecraft. Therefore the probability of successfully carrying out the objective of the project - safely flying a cosmonaut around the moon and returning him to earth - was only 9%.
Remarkably, due to continuing failures, the 8K82K did not satisfactorily complete its state trials until its 61st launch (Salyut 6 / serial number 29501 / 29 September 1977). Thereafter it reached a level of launch reliability comparable to that of other world launch vehicles.
Launches: 39. Failures: 16. Success Rate: 58.97% pct. First Launch Date: 10 March 1967. Last Launch Date: 16 October 1975. Payload: 5,390 kg. to a: translunar trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 902,100 kgf. Total Mass: 707,170 kg. Core Diameter: 4.2 m. Total Length: 57.0 m. Launch Price $: 70.00 million. in 1994 price dollars.
|Proton 8K82K/11S824 - Proton 8K82K / 11S824 Block D launch vehicle - cutaway drawing showing arrangement of N2O4 oxidiser tanks (green) and UDMH fuel tanks (orange) in Proton, and Liquid oxygen (blue) and kerosene (pink) tanks in the Block D stage. The Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft was mounted directly above the Block D liquid oxygen tank. For the Soyuz circumlunar flights a launch escape tower was fitted that pulled the capsule away in an emergency.
Credit: © Mark Wade. 7,453 bytes. 60 x 469 pixels.
The design was proposed by Korolev as an alternate to Chelomei's LK-1 circumlunar mission. It combined the Proton 8K82K booster for the LK-1 with the N1 lunar Block D stage to boost a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft around the moon.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On the Concentration of Forces of Industrial Design Organisations for the Creation of Rocket-Space Complex Means for Circling the Moon--work on the UR-500K-L1 program' was issued. As a result of a presentation to the Military Industrial Commission, Afanasyev backed Korolev in wresting control of the manned circumlunar project from Chelomei. The Chelomei LK-1 circumlunar spacecraft was cancelled. In its place, Korolev would use a derivative of the Soyuz 7K-OK, the 7K-L1, launched by Chelomei's UR-500K, but with a Block D translunar injection stage from the N1. He envisioned launch of the unmanned 7K-L1 into low earth orbit, followed by launch and docking of a 7K-OK with the 7K-L1. The crew would then transfer to the L1, which would then be boosted toward the moon. This was the original reason for the development of the 7K-OK.
A dummy 8K82K/Block D rocket was mounted at the launch site. The dummy was loaded with imitation propellants (kerosene as fuel and water/ethyl alcohol as oxidiser). The nitrogen tetroxide oxidiser had to be kept above -11 degrees C, and it was originally planned for a thermostatically-controlled electrical heating of the tank walls to achieve this. It was ultimately decided that the risk of explosion of such a system was too great, and the system was abandoned.
Decree 'On lag of work on the N1-L3 and UR-500K-L1 programs' was issued.
The first flight rocket (serial number 22701) began assembly on 21 November 1966, with mechanical assembly completed by 29 November. Electrical connections and tests were completed by 4 December 1966. Due to New Year's holidays work did not resume until 28 January 1967. By 28 February the fully assembled booster / spacecraft unit was completed in the MIK, including the 7K-L1P boilerplate spacecraft.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 115-46 'On the Progress of the Work on the Development of the UR500K-L1 --confirmation of schedule for piloted lunar missions' was issued.
|Block D
Credit: © Mark Wade. 5,136 bytes. 222 x 370 pixels.
Protoype Soyuz 7K-L1P launched by Proton into planned highly elliptical earth orbit. The first flight four-stage Proton rocket began assembly on 21 November 1966, with mechanical assembly completed by 29 November. Electrical connections and tests were completed by 4 December 1966. Due to New Year's holidays work did not resume until 28 January 1967. By 28 February the fully assembled booster / spacecraft unit was completed in the MIK, including the 7K-L1P boilerplate spacecraft. The launch tower was added on 2 March 1967 and the system was declared ready for launch. A serious potential problem during preparations was the discovery that fuel gases could lead to pump cavitation at the turbine exits. Tests on the ground showed that the problem was not the fuel itself, but in the monitoring equipment. The launch vehicle and Block D stage functioned correctly and put the spacecraft into a translunar trajectory. The spacecraft was not aimed at the moon, did not have a heat shield for reentry, and no recovery of was planned or attempted. A successful launch that created false confidence just before the string of failures that would follow.
Protoype Soyuz 7K-L1 manned circumlunar spacecraft. Reached earth orbit but Block D translunar injection stage failed to fire (ullage rockets, which had to fire to settle propellants in tanks before main engine fired, were jettisoned prematurely). Spacecraft burned up two days later when orbit decayed.
First attempted circumlunar flight. The booster crashed 65 km from the pad, but the launch escape system functioned correctly and the spacecraft was recovered.
Second attempted circumlunar flight. Four seconds after second stage ignition the booster went out of control. The launch escape system shut down the engines and the escape tower pulled the spacecraft away from the booster. The Proton crashed 300 km from the pad and the Soyuz was recovered 80 km southwest of Dzhezkazgan.
|Universal Rockets - Chelomei's Universal Rocket Family. From left to right: UR-200. Original UR-500 configuration, composed of clustered UR-200's. Conventional UR-500 monoblock configuration. Selected UR-500 polyblock configuration. UR-500 two-stage configuration as flown. UR-500K configuration with Block D upper stage.
Credit: © Mark Wade. 36,031 bytes. 630 x 351 pixels.
Spacecraft successfully launched into 330,000 km apogee orbit 180 degrees away from the moon. On reentry, the guidance system failed, and the planned double skip maneuver to bring the descent module to a landing in the Soviet Union was not possible. Ustinov ordered the self-destruct package to be set off and the capsule blew up 12 km above the Gulf of Guinea. Kamanin disagreed strongly with this decision; the spacecraft could have still been recovered in the secondary area by Soviet naval vessels after a 20 G reentry. The decsion was made to recover the spacecraft in the future whenever possible.
Officially: Solar Orbit (Heliocentric). Study of remote regions of circumterrestrial space, development of new on-board systems and units of space stations.
A short circuit in the malfunction detection system led the launch escape system to believe incorrecly that a launch vehicle failure had occurred. It commanded shut down of the second stage engines 260 seconds in the flight, and the escape tower pulled the Zond away from the booster, for a safe recovery.
First successful circumlunar flight with recovery. Test flight of manned spacecraft; launched from an earth parking orbit to make a lunar flyby and return to earth. On September 18, 1968, the spacecraft flew around the moon at an altitude of 1950 km. High quality photographs of the earth were taken at a distance of 90,000 km. A biological payload of turtles, wine flies, meal worms, plants, seeds, bacteria, and other living matter was included in the flight. Before re-entry the gyroscopic platform went off line due to ground operator failure. However this time the self destruct command was not given. After a ballistic 20G re-entry the capsule splashed down in the Indian Ocean at 32:63 S, 65:55 E on September 21, 1968 16:08 GMT. Soviet naval vessels were 100 km from the landing location and recovered the spacecraft the next day, shipping it via Bombay back to Soviet Union.
Test flight of manned circumlunar spacecraft. Successfully launched towards the moon with a scientific payload including cosmic-ray and micrometeoroid detectors, photography equipment, and a biological specimens. A midcourse correction on 12 November resulted in a loop around the moon at an altitude of 2,420 km on 14 November. Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon's limb with the earth in the background. Photographs were also taken of the lunar near and far side with panchromatic film from distances of approximately 11,000 km and 3300 km. Each photo was 12.70 by 17.78 cm. Some of the views allowed for stereo pictures. On the return leg a gasket failed, leading to cabin depressurisation, which would have been fatal to a human crew. The 7K-L1 then made the first successful double skip trajectory, dipping into the earth's atmosphere over Antarctica, slowing from 11 km/sec to suborbital velocity, then skipping back out into space before making a final re-entry onto Soviet territory. After the re-entry the main parachute ejected prematurely, ripping the main canopy, leading to the capsule being destroyed on impact with the ground. One negative was recovered from the camera container and a small victory obtained over the Americans. But the criteria for a manned flight had obviously not been met and Mishin's only hope to beet the Americans was a failure or delay in the Apollo 8 flight set for December. The next Zond test was set for January.
|Proton Launch Pad - Model of the Proton launch complex. This model shows the servicing structure enclosing the launch vehicle, already mounted above the flame pit. The pad is flanked by lightning and lighting towers. Bunkers for propellant storage lay along the rail line leading to the pad.
Credit: Mark Wade. 50,927 bytes. 582 x 394 pixels.
Launch failure - but the abort system again functioned perfectly, taking the capsule to a safe landing (in Mongolia!) Zond 7K-L1 activity now stops; effort turns to launching unmanned soil return vehicle and first N-1 launch.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars, together with a landing probe.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars, together with a landing probe. Further Mars launches during the 1969 launch window were cancelled when this attempt resulted in a major accident, which almost wiped out all of the leaders of the space industry. The Proton rocket lifted off, but one engine failed. The vehicle flew at an altitude of 50 m horizontally, finally exploding only a few dozen metres from the launch pad, spraying the whole complex with poisonous propellants that were quickly spread by the wind. Everyone took off in their autos to escape, but which direction to go? Finally it was decided that the launch point was the safest, but this proved to be even more dangerous - the second stage was still intact and liable to explode. The contamination was so bad that there was no way to clean up - the only possibility was just had to wait for rain to wash it away. This didn't happen until the Mars launch window was closed, so the first such probe was not put into space until 1971.
|Proton with Granat - Proton with Granat payload
Credit: Lockheed Martin. 18,616 bytes. 356 x 446 pixels.
Unmanned soil return mission launched coincident with Apollo 11 mission in last ditch attempt to return lunar soil to earth before United States. After completing 86 communications sessions and 52 orbits of the Moon at various inclinations and altitudes, crashed on the moon on 20 July in an attempted landing. Altitude data used in programming inaccurate or guidance system unable to cope with effect of lunar mascons.
Officially: Testing of on-board systems of the automatic station and further scientific investigation of the moon and circumlunar space. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Circumlunar flight; successfully recovered in USSR August 13, 1969. Only completely successful L1 flight that could have returned cosmonauts alive or uninjured to earth. Official mission was further studies of the moon and circumlunar space, to obtain colour photography of the earth and the moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems. Earth photos were obtained on August 9, 1969. On August 11, 1969, the spacecraft flew past the moon at a distance of 1984.6 km and conducted two picture taking sessions. Successfully accomplished double-dip re-entry and landed 50 km from aim point near Kustani in the USSR.
Robotic lunar soil return mission. Failed to leave low earth orbit due to Block D stage failure.
Robotic lunar soil return mission. Failed to leave low earth orbit due to Block D stage failure.
|Proton liftoff
Credit: Lockheed Martin. 12,381 bytes. 312 x 238 pixels.
Robotic lunar soil return mission. Launch vehicle failure.
Lunar Sample Return. Landed on Moon 20 September 1970 at 05:18:00 GMT, Latitude 0.68 S, Longitude 56.30 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 16 was launched toward the Moon from a preliminary earth orbit and entered a lunar orbit on September 17, 1970. On September 20, the spacecraft soft landed on the lunar surface as planned. The spacecraft was equipped with an extendable arm with a drilling rig for the collection of a lunar soil sample. After 26 hours and 25 minutes on the lunar surface, the ascent stage, with a hermetically sealed soil sample container, left the lunar surface carrying 100 grams of collected material. It landed in the Soviet Union on September 24, 1970. The lower stage of Luna 16 remained on the lunar surface and continued transmission of lunar temperature and radiation data. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Final circumlunar flight; successfully recovered October 26, 1970. The announced objectives were investigations of the moon and circumlunar space and testing of onboard systems. The spacecraft obtained photographs of the earth on October 21 from a distance of 64,480 km. The spacecraft transmitted flight images of the earth for three days. Zond 8 flew past the moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 km and obtained both black and white and colour photographs of the lunar surface. Scientific measurements were also obtained during the flight. Again the re-entry guidance system failed, and a 20 G ballistic re-entry was followed by splashdown at the emergency recovery point in the Indian Ocean.
Luna 17 was launched from an earth parking orbit towards the Moon and entered lunar orbit on November 15, 1970. Luna 17 landed on Moon 17 November 1970 at 03:47:00 GMT, Latitude 38.28 N, Longitude 325.00 E - Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains). The payload, the Lunokhod 1 unmanned rover, rolled down a ramp from the landing stage and began exploring the surface. Lunokhod was intended to operate through three lunar days but actually operated for eleven lunar days (earth months). The operations of Lunokhod officially ceased on October 4, 1971, the anniversary of Sputnik 1. By then it had traveled 10,540 m and had transmitted more than 20,000 TV pictures and more than 200 TV panoramas. It had also conducted more than 500 lunar soil tests. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
|UR-500 / L1 Rollout
Credit: RKK Energia. 20,754 bytes. 341 x 239 pixels.
Test of Block D upper stage in its N1 lunar crasher configuration in earth orbit. The three maneuvers simulated the lunar orbit insertion burn; the lunar orbit circularization burn; and the descent burn to bring the LK lunar lander just over the surface. Payload was a modified Soyuz 7K-L1 circumlunar spacecraft, which provided guidance to the Block D and was equipped with television cameras that viewed the behavior of the Block D stage propellants under zero-G conditions.
Maneuver Summary:
190km X 300km orbit to 303km X 5038km orbit. Delta V: 982 m/s
318km X 5040km orbit to 1616km X 5071km orbit. Delta V: 285 m/s
1616km X 5071km orbit to 2577km X 5082km orbit. Delta V: 1311 m/s
Total Delta V: 2578 m/s.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars. Rocket block failed to reignite in Earth Orbit. It is widely believed this spacecraft was launched with the primary purpose of overtaking Mariner 8, which had been launched (unsuccessfully, as it turned out) two days earlier, and becoming the first Mars orbiter. The Proton booster successfully put the spacecraft into low (174 km x 159 km) Earth parking orbit with an inclination of 51.4 degrees, but the Block D stage 4 failed to function due to a bad ignition timer setting (the timer, which was supposed to start ignition 1.5 hours after orbit was erroneously set for 1.5 years.) The orbit decayed and the spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere 2 days later on 12 May 1971. The mission was designated Cosmos 419.
Mars probe intended to conduct of a series of scientific investigations of the planet Mars and the space around it. Parameters are for Mars orbit. Mid-course corrections were made on 17 June and 20 November. Mars 2 released the descent module (1971-045D) 4.5 hours before reaching Mars on 27 November 1971. The descent system malfunctioned and the lander crashed at 45 deg S, 302 deg W, delivering the Soviet Union coat of arms to the surface. Meanwhile, the orbiter engine performed a burn to put the spacecraft into a 1380 x 24,940 km, 18 hour orbit about Mars with an inclination of 48.9 degrees. Scientific instruments were generally turned on for about 30 minutes near periapsis. Data was sent back for many months. It was announced that Mars 2 and 3 had completed their missions by 22 August 1972. On-orbit dry mass: 2265 kg
|Proton w/ LK - Proton 8K82K Block D launch vehicle with Soyuz 7K-L1 manned circumlunar spacecraft.
27,409 bytes. 316 x 342 pixels.
Mars probe intended to conduct of a series of scientific investigations of the planet Mars and the space around it. Parameters are for Mars orbit. The Mars 3 orbiter also carried a French-built experiment which was not carried on Mars 2. Called Spectrum 1, the instrument measured solar radiation at metric wavelengths in conjunction with Earth-based receivers to study the cause of solar outbursts. The Spectrum 1 antenna was mounted on one of the solar panels. A mid-course correction was made on 8 June. The descent module (COSPAR 1971-049F) was released at 09:14 GMT on 2 December 1971 about 4.5 hours before reaching Mars. Through aerodynamic braking, parachutes, and retro-rockets, the lander achieved a soft landing at 45 S, 158 W and began operations. However, after 20 sec the instruments stopped working for unknown reasons. Meanwhile, the orbiter engine performed a burn to put the spacecraft into a long 11-day period orbit about Mars with an inclination thought to be similar to that of Mars 2 (48.9 degrees). Data was sent back for many months. It was announced that Mars 2 and 3 had completed their missions by 22 August 1972.
Soft landed on Mars 12/2/71.
Attempted lunar soil return mission; crashed while attempting to soft land at Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 50.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 18 used a new method of navigation in lunar orbit and for landing. The spacecraft's designer, Babakhin, had died at age 56 only the month before. Luna 18 successfully reached earth parking orbit before being put on a translunar trajectory. On September 7, 1971, it entered lunar orbit. The spacecraft completed 85 communications sessions and 54 lunar orbits before it was sent towards the lunar surface by use of braking rockets. It impacted the Moon on September 11, 1971, in a rugged mountainous terrain. Signals ceased at the moment of impact. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Heavy lunar Orbiter; conducted lunar surface mapping. Luna 19 entered an intermediate earth parking orbit and was then put on a translunar trajectory by the Proton Block D stage. It entered lunar orbit on October 3, 1971. Luna 19 extended the systematic study of lunar gravitational fields and location of mascons (mass concentrations). It also studied the lunar radiation environment, the gamma-active lunar surface, and the solar wind. Photographic coverage via a television system was also obtained. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Soft landed on Moon; returned soil samples to Earth. Landed on Moon 21 February 1972 at 19:19:00 GMT, Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 56.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar orbit on February 18, 1972. On 21 February 1972, Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Apollonius highlands, 120 km from where Luna 18 had crashed. While on the lunar surface, the panoramic television system was operated. Lunar samples were obtained by means of an extendable drilling apparatus. The ascent stage of Luna 20 was launched from the lunar surface on 22 February 1972 carrying 30 grams of collected lunar samples in a sealed capsule. It landed in the Soviet Union on 25 February 1972. The lunar samples were recovered the following day.
The Proton / Block D launcher put the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit followed by translunar injection. On 12 January 1973, Luna 21 braked into a 90 x 100 km orbit about the Moon. On 13 and 14 January, the perilune was lowered to 16 km altitude. On 15 January after 40 orbits, the braking rocket was fired at 16 km altitude, and the craft went into free fall. At an altitude of 750 meters the main thrusters began firing, slowing the fall until a height of 22 meters was reached. At this point the main thrusters shut down and the secondary thrusters ignited, slowing the fall until the lander was 1.5 meters above the surface, where the engine was cut off. Landing occurred at 23:35 GMT in LeMonnier crater at 25.85 degrees N, 30.45 degrees E. The lander carried a bas relief of Lenin and the Soviet coat-of-arms. After landing, Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01:14 GMT on 16 January and took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site. It stopped and charged batteries until 18 January, took more images of the lander and landing site, and then set out over the Moon. The rover would run during the lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteries via the solar panels. At night the rover would hibernate until the next sunrise, heated by the radioactive source. Lunokhod 2 operated for about 4 months, covered 37 km of terrain including hilly upland areas and rilles, and sent back 86 panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures. Many mechanical tests of the surface, laser ranging measurements, and other experiments were completed during this time. On June 4 it was announced that the program was completed, leading to speculation that the vehicle probably failed in mid-May or could not be revived after the lunar night of May-June. The Lunokhod was not left in a position such that the laser retroreflector could be used, indicating that the failure may have happened suddenly.
Failed; did not enter Martian orbit as planned; intended to be a Mars orbiter mission. Mars 4 reached Mars on 10 February 1974. Due to use of helium in preflight tests of the computer chips, which resulted in degradation of the chips during the voyage to Mars, the retro-rockets never fired to slow the craft into Mars orbit. Mars 4 flew by the planet at a range of 2,200 km. It returned one swath of pictures and some radio occultation data. Final heliocentric orbit 1.02 x 1.63 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 556 day period.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars. Parameters are for Mars orbit. Mars 5 reached Mars on 12 February 1974 and was inserted into a 1760 km x 32,586 km orbit. Due to computer chip failures the orbiter operated only a few days and returned atmospheric data and images of a small portion of the Martian southern hemisphere.
Mars probe intended to make a soft landing on Mars. Total fueled launch mass of the lander and orbital bus was 3260 kg. It reached Mars on 12 March 1974, separated from the bus, and entered the atmosphere, where a parachute opened, slowing the descent. As the probe descended through the atmosphere it transmitted data for 150 seconds, representing the first data returned from the atmosphere of Mars. Unfortunately, the data were largely unreadable due to a flaw in a computer chip which led to degradation of the system during its journey to Mars. When the retro-rockets fired for landing, contact was lost with the craft. Mars 6 landed at about 24 degrees south, 25 degrees west in the Margaritifer Sinus region of Mars. Bus ended up in a final heliocentric orbit 1.01 x 1.67 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 567 day period.
Soft landed on Mars 3/12/74.
Mars probe intended to make a soft landing on Mars. Mars 7 reached Mars on 9 March 1974. Due to a problem in the operation of one of the onboard systems (attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separated prematurely and missed the planet by 1,300 km. The early separation was probably due to a computer chip error which resulted in degradation of the systems during the trip to Mars. Ended up in a final heliocentric orbit 1.01 x 1.69 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 574 day period.
Mars probe intended to make a soft landing on Mars. Solar Orbit (Heliocentric).
Heavy lunar orbiter. Scientific investigation of the moon and circumlunar space from the orbit of an artificial satellite of the Moon, which was begun by the Luna 19 automatic station. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field, surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field, as well as micrometeoroids and cosmic rays. Luna 22 braked into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. The spacecraft made many orbit adjustments over its 18 month lifetime in order to optimise the operation of various experiments, lowering the perilune to as low as 25 km. Manoeuvring fuel was exhausted on 2 September and the mission was ended in early November. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Failed lunar soil return mission. After successfully entering earth orbit, flying to the moon, entering lunar orbit, and descending toward the surface, the spacecraft was damaged during landing in Mare Crisium (Sea of Crises). The sample collecting apparatus could not operate and no samples were returned. The lander continued transmissions for three days after landing. In 1976, Luna 24 landed several hundred meters away and successfully returned samples. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
Combined Venus orbiter/lander mission. After separation of the lander, the orbiter spacecraft entered Venus orbit and acted as a communications relay for the lander and explored cloud layers and atmospheric parameters. On October 20, 1975, the Descent Craft was separated from the Orbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith at 05:13 GMT on October 22. The Descent Craft included a system of circulating fluid to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 53 min after landing. The landing was about 2,200 km from the Venera 10 landing site. Preliminary results indicated: (A) clouds 30-40 km thick with bases at 30-35 km altitude, (B) atmospheric constituents including HCl, HF, Br, and I, (C) surface pressure about 90 (earth) atmospheres, (D) surface temperature 485 deg C, (E) light levels comparable to those at earth midlatitudes on a cloudy summer day, and (F) successful TV photography showing shadows, no apparent dust in the air, and a variety of 30-40 cm rocks which were not eroded. Venera 9 and 10 were the first probes to send back black and white pictures from the Venusian surface. They were supposed to make 360 degree panoramic shots, but on both landers one of two camera covers failed to come off, restricting their field of view to 180 degrees. Parameters are for Venus orbit.
The orbiter spacecraft entered Venus orbit and was separated from the lander on October 23, 1975. The lander touched down with the sun near zenith, at 05:17 GMT, on October 25. A system of circulating fluid was used to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 65 min after landing. During descent, heat dissipation and deceleration were accomplished sequentially by protective hemispheric shells, three parachutes, a disk-shaped drag brake, and a compressible, metal, doughnut-shaped, landing cushion. The landing was about 2,200 km distant from Venera 9. Preliminary results provided: (A) profile of altitude (km)/pressure (earth atmospheres) / temperature (deg C) of 42/3.3/158, 15/37/363, and 0/92/465, (B) successful TV photography showing large pancake rocks with lava or other weathered rocks in between, and (C) surface wind speed of 3.5 m/s. Venera 9 and 10 were the first probes to send back black and white pictures from the Venusian surface. They were supposed to make 360 degree panoramic shots, but on both landers one of two camera covers failed to come off, restricting their field of view to 180 degrees.
Attempted robotic lunar soil return mission. Block D stage failed.


text:
Friday Nights starting at 6pm!
What is Celebrate Recovery?
The purpose of Celebrate Recovery is to fellowship and celebrate God's healing power in our lives through the Eight Recovery Principles found in the Beatitudes and Christ-Centered Twelve Steps. These steps guide the recovery of those wanting to leave behind addictive habits, compulsive hurts, anger & hostility, guilt & shame, pornography, brokenness, codependency, sexual addiction, depression, eating disorders, emotional & physical abuse, love & relationship addiction, chemical addictions, and other dysfunctional behaviors, attitudes, and life experiences that affect our peace and joy with God. As we progress through the program we discover our personal, loving and forgiving Higher Power Jesus Christ, the one and only true Higher Power.
What happens on Friday Evenings?
Celebrate Recovery will meet each Friday night at 6:00 pm for a fellowship meal. The worship service will start at 6:45 pm with music, teaching, and testimonies. At 7:30 pm, everyone will be dismissed into small groups formatted to encourage open sharing and support. People can elect to stay for dessert at 8:30 pm.
What is recovery?
In Physical health, recovery refers to the process of moving from illness to wellness. In a sense, recovery is a primary purpose for the existence of the church. Our hurts, habits and hang-ups are like an illness and using the tools of Celebrate Recovery, we begin to move toward wholeness.
What types of issues does Celebrate Recovery address?
Celebrate Recovery addresses all types of habits, hurts, and hang-ups. Some recovery programs deal only with alcohol, drugs, or another single problem. A wide variety of hurts, hang-ups and harmful behaviors are represented at Celebrate Recovery. Examples include dependency on alcohol or drugs, low self-esteem, depression, anger, abuse, broken relationships, pornography and fear of rejection.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Concern for welfare of missing 13-year-old rugby player
PUBLISHED: 13:18 22 July 2016 | UPDATED: 13:26 22 July 2016
Members of a Haringey rugby club have appealed for help finding a junior player who has gone missing.
Concern is growing for the welfare of Omar Bartocci, 13, a member of the Haringey Rhinos RFC junior team who has not been seen since Wednesday.
He was riding a green BMX bike when he went missing.
Omar's coach David Ouda, from Haringey Rhinos, said: "Omar has been part of Haringey Rhinos RFC for over three years. He is a true team player and cares for everyone around him.
"His hard work and commitment on the pitch helped his team win their league last season. As a coach, club and team, we are very concerned and would like to appeal to anyone who may have seen Omar or has any information to contact the police."
A spokesman for the Metropolitan Police said: "We are concerned for Omar's welfare. He is possibly in possession of an unregistered Oyster Card and could be carrying a small amount of money.
Omar, from Wood Green, is described as a being of a small build, approximately 5ft tall. He was wearing glasses and has braces.
He was wearing black shorts, a black top with a Hindu symbol on the front, Adidas trainers with white stripes and was carrying a black rucksack.
Anyone with any information is urged to contact police on 101 quoting ref 16MIS031563.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Ham&High. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


text:
In his introduction to "The Decameron" (circa 1351), Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio captures the uncertainty and fear that accompanied the Black Death's sweep through Europe from 1347 to 1351. It could have been caused by the influence of celestial bodies or by God's wrath, Boccaccio wrote. Physicians had no idea what to do with the tumors and black spots that ravaged victims' bodies. And worse, the people turned on each other. Parents abandoned children; husbands turned their backs on their wives. The streets were filled with the dead, and neighbors sometimes learned of a death next door by the smell. The living didn't have time to mourn; Boccaccio says that due to the large number of dead and the fear of their presence, "a dead man was then of no more account than a dead goat would be today."
The symptoms of the Black Death were gruesome: Tumors covered the body -- some of them as big as an egg or apple, Boccaccio wrote. A large neck tumor might permanently cock a person's head in the opposite direction. Purplish splotches also covered the body. These were nicknamed "God's tokens," because God usually took the sufferer soon after they appeared. The sick even smelled like they were going to die. Bad breath and odors indicated they were rotting from the inside.
Medieval writers tell us that the fevers resulted in delirium -- madmen wandered the streets, shouting wildly. The sick vomited incessantly or coughed up blood. Pus and blood oozed from sores. Once the symptoms started to appear, the victim was a ticking time bomb and died within days. No one knew what to do. There wasn't enough space in the graveyards, so the bloated bodies were left in the street. Dogs ate corpses while babies cried hungrily beside their dead mothers.
When all was said and done, about 25 million people died in the epidemic, approximately one-third of Europe's population at the time [source: Kelly]. How did this happen? What caused this horrific spread of death?
How Did the Black Death Spread?
Because Europe was trading with the East, some medieval Europeans were aware of a mysterious disease sweeping through Asia in the 1330s. From Central Asia, the disease moved along an established trade route, passing through Turkestan and the Black Sea Region (Crimea and the Byzantine Empire).
In 1347, Kaffa, a town in modern-day Ukraine that was a Genoese trading post, came under attack by a Tartar army. When the Tartars were killed by the plague, the Genoese at first rejoiced: God had answered their prayers and punished their enemy. But that celebration ended when the Tartars began launching the corpses of plague victims over the walls of the city, hoping that the smell of rot would kill everyone in town. The smell didn't kill the Genoese, of course, but the disease did. The panicked Genoese threw the corpses back or submerged them in water. But it was no use; they were already exposed. As the dying Tartars retreated, the Genoese fled by ship to Sicily, taking the deadly disease with them to Europe.
Kaffa wasn't the only eastern trading port on the Black Death's path, but Genoa's ships took the blame for bringing the pestilence. Once it hit Europe, the Black Death moved fast, traveling at an average speed of 2.5 miles per day (4 kilometers per day) [source: Duncan, Scott]. From the Mediterranean ports, the disease took two paths; one through France that eventually made its way to England and Ireland, and one through Italy that went to Austria and Germany.
Written accounts state that the disease was frightfully contagious, and that death occurred only a few days after symptoms appeared. Other than this, people seemed to have no idea what was happening. Many felt that God's wrath was ravaging the earth and that the end of the world was near. Some theorized that Jews were contaminating the water supply. Both of these ideas spurred extreme responses that we'll explore in the next section.
When people began dying in France, King Philip VI turned to the Paris College of Physicians, the most highly-regarded medical authorities of the time, to learn the cause. The physicians produced a report that blamed the mass deaths on an event that occurred at 1 p.m. on March 20, 1345 -- the triple conjunction of the planets Saturn, Jupiter and Mars in Aquarius. The report explained that Jupiter, a wet and hot planet, soaked up evil vapors from Earth. And Mars, a dry planet, ignited the vapors and spread them through the air, which is how Europe got enveloped in a fog of death.
Interesting -- a fog of death. So, how do you cure a fog of death? And how do you protect yourself from catching it? In the next section, we'll learn how people dealt with the ugly spread of the Black Death.
Reaction to the Black Death
Because the physicians blamed the Black Death on an evil, polluted fog, logical recommendations to prevent the fever involved avoiding these miasmas, or corruptions of air.
Fires were a popular method of warding off miasmas. They were burned at street corners; even the pope sat between two large fires. People were urged to burn aromatic woods, but other scents would do as well, including rosemary, amber, musk and fragrant flowers. When they walked, people took their scents with them, carrying packets of herbs. Some plague-proofed their homes by putting glazes over the southern windows to block the polluted southern wind. People were advised not to eat meat or figs and to avoid activities that would open the pores to a miasma, including bathing, exercising and physical intimacy. Stranger recommendations circulated as well, including not sleeping during the daytime and avoiding sad thoughts about death and disease.
Many medieval tracts address how to avoid sickness, but we know very little about how medieval doctors tried to cure the disease. It's possible they believed nothing could be done. Most medieval cures involved bloodletting, which was an attempt to draw poison out of the body. And we know some physicians tried to rupture and drain the buboes.
But many people instead turned to the church for a cure, praying that God would end the great pestilence. Religious reactions took two extreme forms: the rise of the flagellants and the persecution of Jews.
The Brotherhood of the Flagellants had appeared earlier in Europe, but rose up in great numbers in Germany in late 1348. They believed the Black Death was the punishment of God and took it upon themselves to try to appease him. The Flagellants marched barefoot throughout Europe, whipping themselves with scourges, or sticks with spiked tails. Enormous crowds gathered to watch the ritual beatings, complete with hymns and prayers for God's forgiveness. The pope was initially tolerant of the movement, but he denounced them in 1349, and the Flagellants disappeared, seemingly overnight.
The Flagellants were also extremely anti-Semitic, but they weren't the only ones. While anti-Semitism was already on the rise in Europe, it reached a fever pitch when many came to believe that Jews were poisoning the wells and causing the Black Death. Because Jews at this time usually lived apart from Christians in separate quarters, they were in effect already quarantined when the Black Death hit the towns, so they had high survival rates.
Vengeful Christians burned Jews at the stake or set buildings filled with entire communities on fire. Some Jews responded by setting their own homes on fire before the angry mobs did it for them. Others converted to Christianity on the spot to save themselves. While the attacks on Jews were widespread throughout Europe, some of the highest casualties were in Germany. Few Jews were left in that country by the time the plague ended.
How did Europeans emerge from this insanity and overwhelming death? Find out how their religious faith faltered and what finally fueled gluttonous celebration on the next page.
Effects of the Black Death
The Black Death reared its head sporadically in Europe over the next few centuries. But by 1352, it had essentially loosened its grip. Europe's population had been hard hit, which had an economic impact. The workforce had been destroyed -- farms were abandoned and buildings crumbled. The price of labor skyrocketed in the face of worker shortage, and the cost of goods rose. The price of food, though, didn't go up, perhaps because the population had declined so much.
The Black Death did set the stage for more modern medicine and spurred changes in public health and hospital management. Frustrated with Black Death diagnoses that revolved around astrology and superstition, educators began placing greater emphasis on clinical medicine, based on physical science. While schools initially had to close for lack of educators, the plague eventually drove growth in higher education. New schools were established, sometimes specifically mentioning in their charters that they were trying to address the decay in learning and gaps in education left by the Black Death.
People who survived the Black Death era generally suffered a communal crisis of faith. Rather than becoming more religious in thanksgiving to God for their survival, people harbored doubts. They had turned to the church for an answer to the plague, and the church had been able to offer no help. Additionally, priests, who, along with doctors, had the highest rate of contact with the diseased, also had one of the highest rates of fatalities. Several new heretical movements sprang up. Those who still clung to their faith were more likely to do so in a very personal manner. Many began to build private chapels.
Feeling, essentially, that God had turned his back on them, the people reacted to the end of the Black Death by turning their backs on him. They engaged in wild debauchery to celebrate being alive. They held gluttonous banquets, drank, wore extravagant clothing and gambled. It was clear through the art of the time, though, that people still had death on their minds. The danse macabre, or dance of death, is an allegorical concept that was expressed in drama, poetry, music and visual art. The danse macabre usually shows a procession or dance between the living and the dead. The range of figures shown is meant to show that death will come for everyone, and the various activities depicted are a reminder that death could always be right around the corner.
Geneticists are continuing to document the effects of the Black Death on Europe's population today. Analysis has shown that genetic diversity in England is much lower than it was in the eleventh century, perhaps because so many people died in the 1300s. While the rest of Europe does not show a lowered amount of genetic variation, that may be due to increased migration patterns in other places.
The work of 19th-century scientists finally provided some answers about the causes of the Black Death.
Causes of the Black Death
In 1894, during an outbreak of disease in Hong Kong and India known as the Third Pandemic, bacteriologists Alexander Yersin and Shibasaburo Kitasato, working independently of each other, identified the bacteria that caused plague. This bacterium came to be called Yersinia pestis, when Yersin showed it to be the causative agent of the plague in India. Working backwards, Yersin determined that plague was the cause of the Black Death as well, due to the medieval records of large tumors.
Yersinia pestis is usually transmitted from rodent to flea to rodent. Humans are normally only targeted by fleas when there are no rodents left. When a flea bites a healthy rodent, the blood from the rodent goes directly to the flea's stomach, easing hunger. But when a flea bites a rodent infected with Y. pestis, the bacterium-riddled blood gets stuck in the flea's foregut. The bacteria will grow, engorging the flea. The flea constantly feels hungry because nothing is getting to its stomach. In response to hunger pangs, the flea feeds greedily on more rodents. It spreads the disease by regurgitating the infected blood into healthy rodents. When the rats start to die off, fleas swarm the remaining rodents. Finally, when all the rats have died, the fleas turn to people.
Was the Black Death a Virus?
Textbooks tell us that the bubonic plague caused the Black Death. But not everyone is convinced. Since 1984, scientists have put forward alternative explanations for the Black Death. For example, sociologist Susan Scott and biologist Christopher J. Duncan claim that a hemorrhagic fever, similar to the Ebola virus, caused the Black Death. And others blame anthrax or say that some now-extinct disease was the culprit.
Bubonic plague just doesn't make sense, they argue. The symptoms, the high mortality rate, the speed at which the disease spread, and the way the disease spread -- none of it jibes with typical bubonic plague.
Medieval accounts of symptoms don't match the symptoms of modern-day bubonic plague, either. Accounts describe buboes covering the entire body. But today, buboes would most commonly show up in the groin area, and aren't likely to spread all over the body. Additionally, medieval accounts mention awful odors, bruise-like splotches and disrupted nervous systems that resulted in delirium and stupor -- none of this happens with modern-day bubonic plague.
If the Black Death was caused by the bubonic plague, then the mortality rate was much higher than it should have been, they argue. The bubonic plague is fairly curable; even untreated, bubonic plague has a mortality rate of about 60 percent [source: Kelly]. If mostly everyone affected died, some feel that a hemorrhagic fever, with no cure, was the more likely culprit.
Proponents of these new theories also point out that bubonic plague usually moves very slowly. But the Black Death swept across Europe at enormous speed, especially given the fact that transportation was pretty undeveloped at the time. A hemorrhagic fever, in comparison, has a longer incubation period, in which people are contagious, but not yet symptomatic. People might have spent that incubation period traveling, inadvertently spreading the fever more rapidly. Writings from the Black Death also indicate that people were extremely contagious, so much so that people were scared to be in the same town as the infected. But modern-day plague outbreaks are nowhere near as contagious.
Virus advocates find other problems with the rat-and-flea bacterial infection theory. Since fleas only attack humans after all rat hosts have died, then there should have been a large die-off of rats before the Black Death. There's no evidence for a rat disappearance. Additionally, fleas require high temperatures and humidity to survive, which means that the plague should have essentially died out in winter months. It did not.
None of this reasoning has won over the scientific community yet. It's difficult to truly know what the Black Death was like. The only evidence we have are the written accounts of the time, and these accounts provide few details. Obviously, the people who wrote them didn't use our technical language for diagnosing and describing diseases. What they described as a tumor may not have been a tumor at all, by our modern-day medical standards.
To learn more about the Black Death and its aftermath, take a look at the links that follow.
Related HowStuffWorks Articles
More Great Links
- Barris, Colin. "Black Death casts a genetic shadow over England." New Scientist, August 2007. (Feb. 4, 2008)http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn12393.
- "Black Death." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopedia Brittanica Online Library Edition. (Feb. 4, 2008)http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9015473.
- Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. Trans. J.M. Rigg. (Feb. 4, 2008)http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/decameron/engDecIndex.php
- Cohn, S.K. and L.T. Weaver. "The Black Death and AIDS: CCR5-


text:
January 11, 2005, No. 008
Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) Chairman Jaushieh Joseph Wu received a US visiting delegation of the Committee of One Hundred this afternoon Jan. 11th, and stated the hope that there would be a breakthrough in the ongoing cross-strait preparation for the Lunar New Year charter flights. If the preparation were successful, it would serve as a foundation for further cross-strait negotiations in the future.
In his address, Chairman Wu explained to the visitors that China is enacting an Anti-Separation Law that would cause serious consequences on the cross-strait relations. Chairman Wu stated that for the Taiwanese people and government, the Anti-Separation Law is more severe and provocative than the previous "Reunification Law," because the Anti-Separation Law defines both sides of the Strait as already unified. China views both sides of the Strait as belonging to the same country and deems Taiwan as a part of China. It disregards the fact that each side of the Strait has been governed separately and does not have jurisdiction over each other since 1949.
Chairman Wu believes that the international community should jointly prevent China from enacting this Law, to avoid its unilaterally changing of the cross-strait status quo, as well as to avoid jeopardizing the peace and stability across the Strait. He hopes that the members of the delegation would grab every opportunity to help make Taiwan's voice heard in the international arena, and unequivocally tell the Mainland Chinese authorities that this course of action would only cause the people on both sides of the Strait to drift further apart.
Chairman Wu also said that peace and development across the Strait is the joint responsibility of both sides. We especially hope that China would resume dialogues and negotiations with Taiwan, and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) Chairman Wang Daohan will visit Taiwan to attend the late Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) Chairman Dr. Koo Chen-fu's memorial service. It is also hoped that the meeting between President Chen Shui-bian and President Hu Jintao will materialize. Chairman Wu pointed out that the accumulated goodwill gradually extended by both sides of the Strait would transform into a dynamic energy that would break the deadlock and lead to closer cross-strait relations.
Chairman Wu also said that it was regrettable that the Hong Kong government refused the visa application of Taipei City Mayor Ma Ying-jeou. The MAC has exerted its utmost effort over this matter, but was still unable to change the outcome, and therefore it would wage a serious protest against the Hong Kong SAR government. The visiting delegation headed by Committee Chairman C. B. Sung, is also visiting Hong Kong and China. The atmosphere of the forty-minute meeting with Chairman Wu was friendly.
The MAC pointed out that the chief authorities on both sides clearly understand that the materialization of charter flights rests on the negotiations between representatives authorized by both sides. Based on the principles of mutual respect and pragmatic dialogue, we hope that both sides will resume negotiations as soon as possible and make all the necessary preparation.
© 2017 Mainland Affairs Council Copyright
15FL., No. 2-2, Sec 1, Jinan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 10051, R.O.C.
Best viewed with IE, Firefox, Chrome or higher at 1024 x 768 resolution


text:
Happy World Environment Day!
What is it?
World Environment Day was created by the UN to encourage worldwide awareness and action for the environment. Over the years it has grown to be a broad, global platform for public outreach, widely celebrated in over 100 countries. It's 'people's day', a focal point for positive environmental action, galvanizing individual actions into a collective power…
Crickey, who wouldn't want to be a part of that?!
2015's theme is "Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care." Take whatever action from that you will!
In celebration, we're gifting you 5 top eco tips this 5th July…
- Don't let the milk carton go to waste... If you've finished the milk, don't throw away the container... instead, cut the top off and reuse it. You could use it for planting seeds, as a desk tidy or even as a scoop...
- Sun's out, sheets out- if you're doing any washing this weekend- hang your items on the line if you can. They will take up less space, dry quicker and smell of fresh air!
- Just juice- if you've got left over bits of juice or cordial that aren't quite enough for a whole glass then freeze them. That was you can cool down you drinks without watering them down. In ice cube form, they can also act as a shot of flavour to water;
- Close the blinds/ curtains/ shutters- yes, it's sunny but it's also hot. The light streaming in your windows is also bringing in lots of excess heat which you then can't get rid of. If it gets too sunny, they close those curtains. This is also a great this to do when you're out so you're not missing any light and the room will be cool upon your return;
- Sustainable Supper- staying in's the new going out- but only sometimes... If you're going out to eat this weekend why not try somewhere new that sources sustainably: see a list of restaurants that fit the criteria here.


text:
Meet The Designer
After years working in the legal profession in Jersey, Gina Tillotson moved to Northumberland in 2009 to concentrate on building a family and raising two small children with her husband Ian. Having always been enthusiastic about art and design, she chose to follow her heart and turned this passion into a career.
Q: What lead to you becoming an Interior Designer?
Gina: I have travelled the world for many years gathering inspiration from numerous styles of architecture and interiors. I was always asked by friends for advice on décor, and given it is something I felt strongly about I decided to undertake a Professional Diploma with The British College of Interior Design for fun. This was a superbly structured course, and it was shortly after starting it that I pondered over the prospect of seriously commencing a career in this business. We spend so much time at work that it is important for us to enjoy what we do.
Q: What areas of the industry do you specialise in?
Gina: I can advise on all aspects of interior décor, accessories, colours, lighting, fabrics and furnishings, and I am combining this with more and more high end bespoke cabinetry, kitchens and project management these days. I had the initial idea of dressing properties for sale as there is a definite gap in this market, because sadly few people have the vision to see how a place can be developed. I nevertheless quickly got involved with high end residential projects, ranging from luxurious country houses to more relaxed beach side residences and sharp state of the art kitchens. The hospitality industry is an area of great personal interest, and I have a couple of industrial-styled commissions in the pipeline. I hold with a belief that sophisticated and well-designed interiors are achieved by combining modern styles with classical architecture. It isn't about following trends – I believe that décor should be both stylish and timeless.
Q: So does mixing modern décor with traditional features reflect your own personal taste?
Gina: I suppose to a certain extent it does as our home could be described this way. My own taste is constantly evolving, not necessarily with fashions or trends, but when I see something that strikes a chord in me I feel excited. At the moment, I'm leaning towards darker décor with industrial styled windows and edgy tiled designs. I have always adored Arabic ceramics and am a huge fan of dark wooden furniture, teamed with metals, glass and huge swathes of white textiles all complimenting each other. My home in Jersey had lots of very pale fresh looking textiles and dark wood, but that would be totally impractical with small children. It would also feel quite cold up here in the Northumbrian climate, where I believe an element of warmth is required. There are certain styles I wouldn't want in our home, but that doesn't mean I don't appreciate them for their own sake.
Q: What would you do if a client asked you to design something you didn't like?
Gina: I tend to ask people to provide me with pictures which inspire them. I pride myself on listening to my clients, so that when they describe their lifestyle and personal style preferences I can deliver on the promise of a home which is both in harmony with and represents the best of their personality. Most clients will openly admit if they are not very adventurous with regard to colour schemes, so I always ask whether they mind me making suggestions, even if they may be too cautious to implement them.
What I produce reflects on me as a designer, so clearly I want my work to look good. If somebody has contracted me they have done so as they want guidance, but I also appreciate that when a job is over I don't have to live with it. As such I see my role as listening to a client's hopes for a scheme then injecting my interpretation so that it looks good, works well and suits them. Everyone's tastes are different and while I may be disappointed if any of my proposals are dismissed I'm never offended.
Q: And what if a project seemed too garish?
Gina: Ha, well obviously I want my clients to be happy so I aim to achieve a space which is in harmony with and reflects their taste. If I thought it were utterly dire I would propose changes to their plans, but bold can be beautiful and we all need to respect each other's choices. I aim to translate who somebody is into their surroundings and with attention to detail over the finishing touches I can generally pull something together so that it flows.
Q: What do you consider the 3 most important elements to good design?
Gina: Light, Space and Vision – without a doubt.
Q: What's next?
Gina: I'm off to Scottish Interiors later this month and London Design Week 2018 in March where look forward to meeting with and gleaning ideas from well-established designers of all genres. I am also interested in ecologically sustainable design, or as I call it dECOr, so I shall be actively seeking out designers in Chelsea who specialise in this area.
Q: What about your artwork?
Gina: Until last year, it had just been for family and friends. I'm now doing more commercial abstract work as and when I have the time.
Q: Ok, so random question, but if you could be any other nationality what would it be?
Gina: French undoubtedly. My family originate from France and we spent all of our holidays there as children. Jersey is only 14 miles from the french coast, I studied French and Spanish at University in Scotland and I used to live in Paris as an English Assistant during my year out. I adore french architecture, style, cuisine and love the countryside as much as their stunning cities.
Q: Any final thoughts?
Gina: I believe a house should tell the story of the lives of those who live there. That is what makes it a home: It isn't just about structure, but shared experiences, cultural influences, practicalities and, of course, comfort too. I aim to create beautiful homes and spaces which inspire my clients to feel their best.
February 2018
"It is with great pleasure that I write to support Diploma Graduate, Gina Tillotson. Gina was a standout student at the British College of Interior Design and I was privileged to work with her as her tutor for The Professional Interior Design Course.
Gina was quick to learn and develop new skills which were reflected in her assignment submissions. Completed projects were promptly delivered and I was always impressed with Gina's ability to follow the given brief.
Demonstrating a high quality of work ethics, Gina showed commitment to each project and a love for learning which will see her flourish in a dynamic industry.
It is with no hesitation that I recommend Gina in taking on professional assignments and I will be following her endeavours with great interest."
Simon Savage
Senior Tutor
British College of Interior Design.


text:
Stay up to date
Subscribe via email
Latest comments
Archives by month
Founding editor
Contributing writers
- R. Shawn Abrahams — @Young_Eukaryote
- Rob Denton — @RD_Denton
- Kelle Freel — @KC_freel
- Katie Grogan — @Dr_KatieG1
- Stacy Krueger-Hadfield — @quooddy
- Katharine Coykendall
- Patrícia Pečnerová — @PatriciaChrzan
- Arun Sethuraman — @arunsethuraman
- Kathryn Turner — @ktinvasion
- Alex Twyford — @Alex_Twyford
- Laetitia Wilkins — @M_helvetiae
Tag Archives: social media
Microbiomes of a small conference
Posted on 23 September, 2018 by Laetitia Wilkins
The conference season is almost over. There are still a few gems out there worth attending before school starts. I just came back from the Lake Arrowhead Microbial Genomics Conference which took place at a UCLA resort in the mountains. … Continue reading →
Share and enjoy:
Posted in blogging, career, community, conferences, evolution, genomics | Tagged conference, ecological genomics, Evolution, genomics, metagenomics, microbiome, social media | Leave a comment
Social networks, and networking, at conferences
Posted on 20 June, 2013 by Jeremy Yoder
Cross-posted from Denim and Tweed: Just in time for the Evolution 2013 meeting, Nature has a nice article by Roberta Kwok on how to use social networks and mobile apps at scientific conferences. Oh, and there's a brief appearence by … Continue reading →
Share and enjoy:
Posted in blogging, career, community, conferences | Tagged Evolution 2013, social media, Twitter | Leave a comment


text:
Tim Kirk's SEX MADNESS REVEALED featuring Patton Oswalt and Rob Zabrecky!
Add to Calendar
Show at 4:00 PM
Vidiots presents the Los Angeles Premiere of Tim Kirk's SEX MADNESS REVEALED featuring Patton Oswalt and Rob Zabrecky!
Join writer/director Tim Kirk and cast members Patton Oswalt and Rob Zabrecky for the film's Los Angeles premiere AND a fundraiser for Vidiots Foundation, the iconic Los Angeles video store-turned-film non-profit, soon to relaunch as an epic new film space at the historic Eagle Theatre in Eagle Rock.
Tickets: $15, proceeds go to Vidiots Foundation.
"...deliciously dark, ingenious, twist-filled..." Paul Freeman, Pop Culture Classics
"A head-spinning Meta-fiction... An uncanny tale of madness, corruption, and the sinister side of Hollywood." Richard Whittaker, Austin Chronicle
Playfully exploring the outer reaches of cult film fandom, Sex Madness Revealed is both an ingenious twist on the audio commentary and a satire of the wisecrack track.
Using as its foundation a low-budget sex hygiene picture from 1938 (Sex Madness, aka Human Wreckage), we listen in as Jimmy Morris (Patton Oswalt), of the popular "Film Dick" podcast, hosts an irreverent conversation with the filmmaker's grandson, the eerily emotionless Chester Holloway (Rob Zabrecky) while the film streams behind them. But as the on-screen plot unfolds, a much darker story unravels within the recording booth, about the sinister mastermind behind the film, and the unorthodox methods he employed.
Tim has written and directed SEX MADNESS REVEALED; DIRECTOR'S COMMENTARY: TERROR OF FRANKENSTEIN; and BEWITCHED? He has produced several films, including ROOM 237; AND WITH HIM CAME THE WEST, THE NIGHTMARE, and episodes of TOM EXPLORES LOS ANGELES. A collection of Tim's short stories, THE FERAL BOY WHO LIVES IN GRIFFITH PARK, was released this year.
Please note: Stand-by tickets will be available night of show on a first-come, first-serve basis.
All ticket holders must be seated 15 minutes prior to show start time or tickets are subject to re-sale.
Full bar at the Bootleg Theater. There is street parking, or a free lot at the church across the street on Beverly/Roselake.
A one-of-kind hub for film lovers, filmmakers, and everyone curious about cinema, Vidiots is dedicated to inspiring human interaction around film through preserving, growing, and providing access to its diverse DVD, BluRay, and rare VHS collection, showcasing the work of emerging and master artists, and producing unique film events and vital education programs. In Fall 2020, Vidiots will relaunch in its new home at the historic Eagle Theatre in Eagle Rock, with almost-10,000 square feet of entertainment and educational space, daily screenings and special programs, the full video store with DVD and BluRay rentals, concessions, and a light menu with beer and wine.
Vidiots -- reinventing video store culture for the 21st Century.
Bootleg Theater is a year-round inclusive art space for original, boundary-defying live theater, music, and dance performances born from the diverse cultural and artistic landscape of Los Angeles. Bootleg supports and collaborates with the best of established and emerging music, theater, and dance artists to create daring multi-disciplinary live experiences that are striking, contemporary and non-traditional.
Bootleg Theater
2220 Beverly Blvd
Los Angeles, CA, 90057


text:
Gingerbread shortcakes
You can eat these any time, for breakfast or as a snack or with a meal, but they make a brilliant basis for strawberry shortcake. For a variation, try replacing the ginger with a teaspoon or two of cardamom.
- 1[frac]1/2[/frac] cups whole wheat flour
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- [frac]1/2[/frac] teaspoon salt
- [frac]1/2[/frac] teaspoon baking soda
- 2 tablespoons ground ginger
- 1 teaspoon lightly packed freshly grated nutmeg, or 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg
Whisk together in a large bowl.
- [frac]1/2[/frac] cup light brown sugar
- [frac]1/4[/frac] pound butter, cut in pieces
Rub into the dry ingredients with your fingers and/or the palms of your hands.
- 1 egg
- [frac]3/4[/frac] cup buttermilk
Stir in the egg with a fork. Add about [frac]2/3[/frac] cup of the buttermilk and stir in, then gradually add enough of the rest until the mixture will come together as a dough.
Turn the dough out onto a floured surface and knead for a minute or two until the dough is smooth. (It will still be a little tacky.)
Pat the dough out with your fingers about 1/4-inch thick and cut into shapes — rounds with a biscuit cutter, or simply cut squares or triangles with a knife. (Don't use a glass to cut rounds, or you'll compress the edges of the cakes and they won't rise properly.)
Place the cakes on a greased baking sheet and bake at 350°F for 15 minutes or until lightly browned. Cool on racks.


text:
Sample Applicant Response Letter
Company Letterhead
[Date] [Name] [Address] [City, State, Zip] Dear [Name]: We appreciate your interest in employment with [Company]. In the event that your qualifications match those of our opening, you will be contacted regarding the next steps. Thank you for your time in applying for this opportunity. We wish you much success in your career search. Very truly yous, [HR Representative] Human Resources


text:
We use cookies to make your experience better. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more.
- 200 degree beam angle
- Instant on
- Available in Warm and Cool White
This 7W E27 LED bulb offers a 200 degree light output and is a great replacement for 'standard' (GLS) bulbs. Unlike normal energy savers these LED bulbs have no 'low light' when first started and the light you get when you turn them on is as bright as if they had been on for an hour.
Consisting of 7 x 1W LED sureface mounted LED chips each E27 bulb will produce a light output equal to an 60 watt conventional bulb but only consumes a tiny 7 watts of electricity.
With no LED driver / transformer required, this B22 LED bulb is easily retrofitted into your existing light fitting.
This bulb is available in Warm White (3000K) and Cool White (6000K).
These bulbs will save you their initial purchase cost within an incredible six months, and you will continue to save this amount of money every six months over the expected 25 year life of the bulb.
|Colour: Warm White(3000K)
Cool White(6000K)
|Lumen Output: 601lm
|Fitting Type: E27 (Bayonet Cap)
|Voltage: 220-250V
|Wattage: 60 Watts Equivalent
|Power Consump: 7 Watts
|Size (DxL): 60mm x 108mm
|Beam Angle: 200°
|Dimmable: No
|Approx. Lifespan: 25 years
|Certification: CE & RoHS


text:
Monday 25th
My nautical life has not been very distinguished! I have owned 3 boats in total. The first two were crazy and I wrote about number 2 in my "life blog". The first.... let us draw a veil over that! It was called a Mini-sail and I used to tow it down to the south coast (the UK, that is!) and float around Poole Harbour and various estuaries. Basically, it was a glorified surf-board with a sail. On account of not having a jib, I could never get close to the wind and often ended up "in irons" with the tiller pulled up hard against my chest. As I said, let's not talk about the Mini-sail, I wanted to tell you about my latest attempt at walking and floating to Medinyà.
While the plans for my bridge are being finalised (I wish that was true, it is still a fantasy), I decided that I would cross the mighty River Ter by water, so I bought an inflatable boat from Amazon for €35 and I also bought a life-jacket because I reckoned that maybe I would be alone in the event of needing a rescue. The life-jacket was about the same price as the boat!
Yesterday, I went to church at Madremanya, tonight I have my regular meeting with the PSC, the political group which I mentioned previously. And tomorrow and Wednesday, I want to watch the Volta Catalunya which comes through Celrà on Wednesday. That left a convenient window of opportunity to try out my boat! So I packed everything onto the smaller of my two sack-trolleys and headed off to the river.
The weather has been more like summer during the past few days and today was sunny with a clear blue sky.
When I reached the river at the end of a long drive-way (you can see it in the second of the 2 photos above), I stopped and chatted with three guys who were clearing trees which were encroaching on power cables crossing the river. The river was barely flowing at all, the scene was balmy. I had joked earlier with a friend that maybe I should have launched it with a bottle of Cava (taking care not to break the bottle!) But it was 11am so a little too early for alcohol!
Two of the men came down to the river edge and helped me launch the boat and I jumped in! It is not a very stable form of transport but as soon as I remembered that I had to face the opposite direction (!), I started to row. This was chaotic! Every missed stroke caused the boat to swivel violently in that direction, it had no momentum of its own. I nearly lost one of the oars because it was screwed in the centre and that was coming loose. Maybe that explained why sometimes the oar was not catching the water.
I made it across to the river to a convenient little beach about 50m up-stream but that was not where I wanted to be. Because I had already been in the woods on the opposite side, I knew that the ideal landing spot was directly across the river but the bank was too steep to land. From the beach, I headed up through the undergrowth but it was thick with nettles and I was wearing plastic waterproof shoes and shorts. I grabbed a large stick and set about making a path up to the top of the incline, hoping that, at the top, I would break out into the path which I knew was there. It was not to be. As soon as I reached the top, I could see a further 5m of undergrowth and, in any case, this was not something I felt that I should clear. I headed back down to my boat and paddled across the river. It was idyllic! I will go further next time, this was just a trial run.
The shame is that, on the Medinyà side, there is no access to the river, so in the longer term, maybe I can talk to the Town Hall. The obvious place to cross is by the power pylons because the undergrowth is kept clear all the time and there is easy access to the path, but the bank on the Medinyà side is too steep to land.
The last photo shows where I dream of having a bridge, I have to go out now but tomorrow, I will draw the bridge in Photoshop and also add a Spanish commentary.


text:
In this part ( 2 ) we will remove we didn't use the Carrier.
With ifile, navigate to System/Library/Carrier Bundles/iPhone.
Delete u dont use the Carrier.
Dont select the blue number, just scroll down and u will find with black colour CARRIER NAME. Select from there u want to remove
there is I leave it because I will use it.
Reboot ur iphone or GO TO PART 3
Please leave ur comment


text:
pic link: https://carsbase.com/photo/aston-martin/aston-martin-v12-vantage-mk11-pic64314.jpg
(Download Aston Martin V12 Vantage photo #64314) You can use this pic as wallpaper (poster) for desktop.
Vote for this Aston Martin photo #64314. Current picture rating: 44
Upload date 2009-05-21.
Aston Martin V12 Vantage gallery
with 98 HQ pics updates weekly,
don't forget to come back!
And check other cars galleries.


text:
Company stats & info
Follow Calletti
About Calletti
At CALLETTI™ Originals we don't cut corners, we simply provide the tools to enjoy the great outdoors on the water with friends and family.
If you want to sit back and relax to enjoy the sun, our inflatable floating platform and swimming pool solutions, together with Radio Calletti™ in the background give you the opportunity to do so. Would you like to be more active, just take one of our inflatable Stand-Up Paddle Boards and start moving! Our inflatable items are all made from lightweight, double layer, high-tech drop-stitch material and are easily folding down to manageable packages to ensure optimal storage.
Are you looking for a tender for your yacht or would you like to expand your activities with waterskiing or wake boarding, have a look in our RIB section and tell us your wish list. Based on this, we will come up with the best possible package for your needs.
Welcome to celebrate life with us at CALLETTI™ Originals!
Radio Calletti---> http://radiocalletti.com/


text:
Trading Statements for 30 May 2019
30 May
09:47ITM Power expects total income to rise by fifth amid ramp up of projects deliveries in H2
ITM Power, the energy storage and clean fuel company said it expected annual total income to rise by a fifth after the delivery of completed projects increased 'significantly' in the second half of...
30 May
08:52Brady says performance in first four months of the year met its expectations
Financial markets services provider Brady said trading in the first four months of the year was in line with management's expectations. 'Under the leadership of our new Chief Executive, Carmen...
30 May
08:48Finablr's Travelex reports rise in revenue, earnings amid 'strong' performance in Middle East, Turkey
Travelex, one of Finablr's network brands, reported a rise in revenue and earnings in the first quarter, driven by a 'strong' performance across geographies within Middle East and Turkey. For...
30 May
07:09Frenkel Topping performing in line with expectations amid surge in new investment mandates
Independent financial advisor Frenkel Topping said it was performing 'well' and in line with the management's expectations since the start of the year following a surge in new investment mandates....
Archive Latest
- 24 October 2020
- 23 October 2020
- 22 October 2020
- 21 October 2020
- 20 October 2020
- 19 October 2020
- 18 October 2020
- 17 October 2020


text:
Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Little Red School House
Little Red Schoolhouse can be found at Salem Heights Ave Se 256. The following is offered: High Schools. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Salem there are 4 other High Schools. An overview can be found here.


text:
Watching guys screw it up…can benefit youPosted: March 29, 2012 Filed under: Alpha, Girl distractions, Wisdom 28 Comments
i'd been wanting to share this for a while so i guess tonight is as good a night as any.
i was at my local when a group of 5 black guys sat next me. the interesting thing about that night was there was a table with 3 women dining alone. you NEVER see a group of just women at the local. the girls were: 2 soft 6's and a 4 (the 4 was quite over-weight). finally one of the guys approached the table. i was about to leave but decided i wanted to watch the free show. after opening the 3 set, he chatted for about 15 minutes. now….out here white girls LOOOVE the brothers. it's just funny that most of the brothers pick the BUSTED girls. doesn't make sense to me but whatev's. i digress. well after 15 minutes, dude came back and employed the assistance of a wing. here's where it got interesting.
the guys appeared to be doing well, the girls were giving IOI's and eventually the 4 got up and went to the bathroom. this is when the guys sat at the table. the 4 came back and the 5 of them chatted for about 30-45 minutes. i looked over at the guys friends and said. "your boys are going to fail in the most epic manner trying to close 2 6's and a 4." this got a nice chuckle from the guys. i said, "someone needs to go over there and help, they're gonna need it. i already know how this is going to pan out. again….laughter. the guys all said they had no interest in joining that pick-up.
the girls paid their bills and got up, the guys followed suit and each guy stood before the girl he had been chatting up. they were talking for less than a minute when the 4 stood between the girls and dudes. she was shaking her head no, and making "no" hand gestures.
the guys tried but floundered. they followed the girls out and after 5 minutes came back inside and posted up with their friends and the friends told them what i said. i laughed, "you guys made a HUGE tactical error there fellahs."
so…..i'd like to ask the class:
- what was the tactical error?
- what SHOULD they have done?
i'll post my answer tomorrow. stay up.
28 Comments on "Watching guys screw it up…can benefit you"
Nobody to jump on the grenade?
One of them need to try the grenade(4) to leave her unarmed while one of the 6 is left partially alone. So the 6 who's left partially alone try to take over the guy who's talking to the grenade(4).
The 6 defuse the 4. Even if the 4 try to stop everything, the other girl already have bump her from the guy(probably once more).
Ignored the 4.
Someone should've taken one for the team (or not, she could be a perfectly wonderful person) and gamed her.
Strikes me that they shouldn't have sat down when the 4 had gone to the bathroom – I read that and it felt wrong. Kind of plays as though they were waiting for her to 'get out of the way', or that they were replacing her, pushing her out of the group dynamic. Could easily have made her feel unwelcome when she returned.
Strikes me that they shouldn't have sat down when she went to the bathroom. Felt kind of wrong when I read it. Something about it… it's like they were waiting for her to get out of the way, or as though they pushed her out of the group dynamic at that point. I wouldn't be surprised if she felt rather unwelcome when she came back.
Were these guys trying to pick the 6's up then and there or were they just trying to number close?
Uneven group. 3 girls, 2 guys…should have been 3 and 3. Someone should have been gaming (defusing) the 4.
And, because no one else has said this, I'm going to venture this theory…. it seems like the guys were there for quite a while…aren't you fellas supposed to do the "false time constraints" thingy to leave us girls begging for more?
lol…What does "you're walking on the sun" mean?
ok…regarding the false time constraints:
the initial guy should have either:
a) not gone in alone the first time he approached (aka brought a wing) and then the two guys should leave the girls after 15mins (which he did but he went back w/ a wing…the return was the tactical mistake.)
OR b) when he went in alone and then left 15mins later…he NEVER should have gone back with a wing. He should have stayed w/ his friends and waited for the girls to seek him out.
Failed to escalate. How long did you say they were talking? An hour? And they didn't sit down with the girls for the first 15 minutes? They should have either given a false time constraint and number closed (easy mode), or moved to a second location where they could begin to isolate. They weren't moving forward fast enough, which killed their try more than the grenade did.
Regarding Brothas and Busted Chicks: These dudes are probably onto something. Do you know that Harry Bellafonte song?
"If you wanna be happy for the rest of your life, Never make a pretty woman your wife. So from my personal point of view, Get an ugly girl to marry you."
I kid-I kid. That's a southern thing. Out here, they date hotter women (usually). Thicker, yes, but still good looking.
Ok, guess time: The guys paid their tabs and left the bar at the same time that the girls did. The girls were probably thinking, "uhh…what do these guys think is going to happen? Get a life, loser."
Also the uneven group thing. I've been the DUFF before and it's depressing to know that a guy is only talking to you to get to your hot friends, but I honestly do appreciate the gesture. It's not about "taking one for the team" it's about engaging her so she doesn't become angry and resentful and cockblock you.
Women don't isolate themselves from their own group without reason. She didn't go to the bathroom with the other two, so maybe she was giving them some room to operate?
I think the men failed escalate at this point, which probably would be done by inviting all them into their own group. That would give the two women the *option* to bail or decline, saving face ever way.
Who knows. Seems like they boxed them in, and missed out a very strong isolation signal. If a woman is sending green light and you think it's red, you will pay dearly. They take it as rejection.
I'm thinking the 3 and 1 set is stronger than the 3 and 2 because one of the 3 can be isolated relatively easily.
For my guess, I'd say it would have been best to try to bounce with the 4 in the bathroom. As a guy, this feels wrong because of guy code, but girls aren't guys. I'm assuming by your using the word "eventually" that there was sufficient comfort built up to venue change.


text: Spent a great morning in Clooney Hall Centre yesterday at the 10th Anniversary celebrations of Action for Children. They are helping over 500 children and their families who need support in L/derry. Printer-friendly version Add new comment Your name Subject Comment * More information about text formatsPlain textNo HTML tags allowed.Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.Lines and paragraphs break automatically. CAPTCHAThis question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Leave this field blank


text:
The Chief Risk Officers' Skill Set
Clients often ask me, "what skills should our CRO have"? The answer is very easy and very difficult at the same time. Ideally, the person is a decathlete and holds the world record in each discipline of a decathlon. I chose decathlon over e.g. triathlon, because the CRO really, really needs a very broad skill set! Naturally, such a superhuman doesn't exist – so what is the practical answer then?
CRO the decathlete
I came up with this picture to describe the CRO's skill set; this somewhat simplified description has served me well over the years. I will describe it quadrant by quadrant.
- Let's start at the bottom left-hand side. The satellite and the atomic structure depict well, how a CRO should be able to see the "big picture" like a satellite and at the same time should have a view for small items that matter.
- The bottom right hand side. Often, good ERM requires a view outside of the box, that's the reason for the rocket heading up in the drawing. At the same time, the basic tool set of e.g. risk mapping comes in very handy over and over again. The sun and the exclamation mark represent leadership skills and grit, two essential ingredients to get a good ERM framework up and running.
- The upper right hand side. It's all about communication skills. Internal, external, to peers, to the board of directors, to other C-suite members and any colleague(s) within the organization.
- And last but not least, the decathlete. Domain knowledge in a few areas is necessary and being "conversant" at least in a few others is very helpful!
superhumans don't exist – here is the practical approach
A single person might have all the skills shown in the picture above. But this is a rare, fortunate occasion. Mostly, aspiring / incumbent CROs might posses a fair number of the skills, but not all of them.
So how to close that gap? IMHO, nothing beats hands-on growth and development. Megrow Consulting has helped many CROs along their journeys, done onboarding of risk officers and worked with board of directors to define the necessary skill sets for "their" CRO.
The hands-on coaching as described above is best combined with solid knowledge of the methods and procedures. For instance, RIMS or COSO provide ample literature, seminars and e-learning to cover the basics and beyond.
Keen to know how I can support your CRO?
Contact me under firstname.lastname@example.com or via the social media listed at the bottom of the page.


text:
Jane Ashford Exclusive Excerpt: What the Duke Doesn't Know
Reading about the Mosuo made me wonder what a young woman would be like, growing up in a place where her mother, aunts and grandmothers owned all the property. I thought she'd be feisty and forthright and interesting, and I decided to make that part of Kawena's home society. Her background sometimes puts her on...Read More ➝


text:
COVENTRY City boss Chris Coleman has laughed off suggestions that he is under pressure.
"Pressure? I don't buy that," he insisted. "Pressure, anxiety, stress - whatever you like to call it, we're paid to deal with it. If you can't handle it, go somewhere else, go and do another job.
"There's no panic here. I'm not worried about it, I just get frustrated when I get two such different performances as the ones against Wolves and Burnley.
"A lot of our play has been excellent but we haven't been scoring at the business end and we've been conceding goals, so everybody has got to have a look at themselves.
"We have to address those problems now and get a little run together because we're good enough to do that. We've proved we can beat the best teams in this league and we've got to show it again"
Coleman admits that some of his players will be feeling the strain, especially up front.
"They'll claim that they're not being affected by it if they're not hitting the back of the net but they are," he said. "They're human beings.
"They'll probably change their routines, change their boots or whatever. That's strikers for you - they're different from everybody else.
"Their confidence has been affected and the only way to overcome that is to score a few goals. They can do that - they've proved it in the past - and you can't say that they haven't been getting chances.
"What we don't want is our strikers not getting into the dangerous places because they are worried about missing. They've got to keep getting in there, because that's the only way to do it.
"Normally the attitude is bang on, but I didn't feel that on Tuesday night. They were nervous - I could almost smell it in the dressing room at half-time.
"Some players will be more nervous than others, but they've got to get through that - stand up and be counted.
"That's how you progress. There's no use shying away from problems, you solve them by meeting them head on, not by trying to go round them.
"And we need to do that ASAP. I want us to be a little bit tougher mentally; not worry if we're getting a bit of stick from the crowd.
"You can't always play well but we must make sure that when we're not playing well enough to win we don't lose. When we get that mentality back I'll be a happy man."
Coleman concedes that there is a limit to what he can achieve in terms of getting his team in the right frame of mind.
"I can give them pep talks," he said; "I can throw sandwiches or cups or tea but I like to put a bit more onus on the individual, ask them 'what are you prepared to do for the team today?'
"Motivation comes from within individuals. A manager can perhaps make them feel good for 10 minutes in the dressing room but once they're on the pitch that's when we find out whether they're ready for it or not; we find out who's hiding and who's ready to stick their head above the parapet."


text:
Poppy Red Painted Palette Name Tags
Item #703980
36 name tags
DiscontinuedUnfortunately this item has been discontinued
Product Overview
Label Students And Their Belongings With Colorful Name Tags In Modern Designs
Attractive AND practical, these self-adhesive name tags are great for field trips, parties, new students, or orientations. You can also use them to label books, folders, cubbies, and other classroom items. Coordinates with other name tags and classroom display products in the Painted Palette line.
Pay over time with Really EZ Pay™
Pay in 3 easy payments.
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Your satisfaction is our priority.
- 36 self-adhesive labels with red ombre border
- Size: 3½" by 2½" each
Reviews & Ratings
Recommended For You


text:
Japanese optical glass with precision milled aluminium frame.
Protects your lens from dust, moisture and scratches.
Multi layers coating on each surface reduce ghosting and reflections.
Hardness of the filters is up to 9HD, providing additional protection for your lens.
Greater Light transmission resulting in greater color output.
›See more product details.
Imported from INDIA
Stela RI-PRO1 NDV a specially designed glass filter that attaches to the front of your camera lens to reduce variable amount of light that passes through it. By rotating the filter you can easily fine tune the amount of light entering your lens from ND2 to ND1000. This NDV Fader filter has a range of ND2-ND1000 has approximately 1 to 10 stops of Neutral Density variation. An NDV Filter is a special filter designed to reduce variable amount of light that passes through it and therefore, the amount of light that ends up on the camera's sensor. It is essentially a darkened piece of glass that is designed not to change anything other than the quantity of light that passes through it. while ensuring that the color of the light or polarisation of the light doesnot get affected. With the use of a NDV filter a photographer can indulge in some creative effects such as using a wider aperture (for depth of field effects) or a longer shutter speed (for time-based effects) than would not be possible otherwise. They are most useful in bright conditions where there is a lot of available light. An NDV filter is designed to allow a maximum of 10 stop difference of the amount of light through the filter and a minimum of one stop. Neutral Density Variable Fader provides 1to10 stop exposure reduction Please check your lens manual or lens box for correct size as there are different size filters for different lenses and it is important to buy the one that is meant for your camera lens and not a random filter.
Show More


text:
Louisville River Cruises
River Cruises that visit North America: United States: Kentucky: Louisville
River Cruises that depart from Louisville
Ohio River Cruises
Click on a river cruise ship itinerary that visits Louisville (below) and select a sail date to receive competing cruise quotes. To search all river cruise itineraries (not just Louisville), please visit: Cruise Search or try our Virtual Cruise Advisor™.
Louisville River Cruises


text:
Saturday, September 11, 2010
A Growing Mind
I was at a family get-together tonight with my girlfriend, and among those there was a four year-old son of my cousin. After some time of playing quietly, he became very vocal telling me everything his little head could think of.
He built a puzzle, he likes the rain, thunder scares him, he's happy with his toy truck even though it's missing a back window, dinosaurs eat kids but not pizza, and so on. He was adorable. And in his one-sided monologue with me, I heard him use the word, "otherwise" several times, correctly and in full sentences.
I told the other people, the adults at the table, how this impressed me. "I'm amazed that he uses the word, 'otherwise,' here and there like he does." My table-mates seemed to note my appreciation of this, but I don't think they thought much more about it. And I too wasn't exactly sure why it had impressed me.
Yet, while driving home with my girlfriend and pondering why his use of the word made such an impression on me, I was able to isolate what it was that indicated that this is some sort of milestone in any child's development.
His correct use of this word, "otherwise," in sentences meant that he had a clear grasp of 'cause and effect.' He understood that for something to happen to one's satisfaction, a separate variable had to come into play, or it might not result in what one wants. That is, in order for "A" to happen, "B" is needed, 'otherwise' C could be the result.
In order to eat cereal in the morning, I will need milk, otherwise I'll have to find something else to eat. In order to see the completed picture of the puzzle, I need to get all of the pieces in place, otherwise the puzzle will look wrong. If I want to watch the rain comfortably, I need to stay in the house and look out the window, otherwise my clothes will get wet.
It seems quite simple, but when I thought to myself that his little mind had been on this planet for only four years, and yet he could clearly vocalize cause and effect, it made me appreciate yet again that the human brain is amazingly efficient at soaking up this world that we're living in at lightning speed. And by the way, he understands two languages.


text:
The importance of identifying different components of a mixture distribution in the prediction of field returns
Publication Date
Series Number
Preprint # 08-09
Data from a mixture of distributions with two different increasing hazard functions can behave, over some period of time, like a distribution with decreasing hazard functions. As a result, reliability predictions based on data from a mixture of units with two or more different physical designs could be seriously wrong if the pooled data are used to extrapolate in time. Thus, it is important to identify components of the mixture and do statistical inference based on the stratified data. In this paper, the importance of this principle is investigated analytically and illustrated with lifetime data on high-voltage transformers. From engineering knowledge, the lifetime distribution of a transformer has an increasing hazard due, largely, to insulation aging. However, data from a population of units could indicate a decreasing hazard due to a mixture of units with different designs or environmental conditions. Comparisons are made between the predictions based on the pooled-data and stratified-data models an the importance of correct stratification in practice is shown. Some suggestions for practitioners are also given.
This preprint was published as Yili Hong and William Q. Meeter, "The Importance of Identifying Different Components of a Mixture Distribution in the Prediction of Field Returns", Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry (2011): 280-289, doi: 10.1002/asmb.830.