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Peshawar, Sep 14 (TNS): In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a special campaign has been launched to enroll students in schools.
Chief Minister Mahmood Khan inaugurated the campaign in Peshawar on Friday.
He lauded the role of previous PTI government for the promotion of education in the province.
The Chief Minister assured that problems of teachers will be solved on priority basis.
Radio Pakistan Peshawar correspondent says eight hundred thousand students will be enrolled during the campaign.


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Rivals Freeland, Hemlock meet in football district final
With a Division 5 district football title on the line Friday night at Freeland, Tri-Valley Conference Central foes Freeland and Hemlock, both 8-2, square off for the second time this season.
Back on Sept. 9, on the same field, Hemlock beat Freeland 35-21.
"It should be an emotional game," said Hemlock coach Bruce Bendix. "We're geographical rivals and the district title is on the line, which is important. We both know each other pretty well. They're the (TVC Central) co-champs and will be spoiling for revenge. We gave them their only league loss."
Freeland coach Kevin Townsend agreed.
"It will be a great game for both communities," he said. "There are a lot of friends both on and off the field. It's a chance for us to avenge a loss.
"They're big and they match up really well against us," added Townsend. "We're going to run the ball. In the first game, we had three interceptions. Normally, we don't throw three passes a game. They got us out of our comfort zone."
Friday's 7 p.m. game features a Hemlock team coming off a 21-14 overtime win against Carrollton for the first playoff win in school history.
"The community is pretty excited," said Bendix. "We enjoyed it for 24 hours, but you always want to accomplish more."
The Falcons scored twice in the fourth quarter to defeat Standish-Sterling 21-12 last Friday.
Both coaches believe that mistakes and big plays will determine the outcome of Friday's game.
"Whoever makes the most big plays and the fewest errors will win," said Bendix. "There won't be any personnel secrets or Xs and Os secrets. They're going to do what they do well, and we're going to do what we do well."
In the first meeting, the Falcons were without star running back David Ruhlman, a 5-foot-11, 182-pound senior who has scored 13 touchdowns and carried the ball 182 times for 1,391 yards and a 173.9 average per game. Ruhlman has missed two games, both of which the Falcons lost.
"He gives us great leadership on the field," said Townsend. "The kids believe that David can get us anything. When he is on the field, we are a much better defensive and offensive football team."
"He's an outstanding athlete," Bendix said. "He's one of their best cornerbacks and a large part of their team success. He will want to play well against us, because he missed the first game."
On the other side, the Huskies will be without star wide-out T.J. Vondette, who caught two TD passes and had three interceptions during the first game against Freeland.
However, the Huskies still have stellar quarterback Chase Wiechmann, who has over 1,900 yards of total offense and 28 total TDs.
"He's the real deal," Townsend said of Wiechmann. "He can throw across his body, flat-footed, 60 yards. He always keeps his eyes down the field, and if he can't find anything, he's off to the races 70 yards. As he goes, so do they."
Helping out Wiechmann will be running back Mike Devereaux, who has gained approximately 836 rushing yards this season.
"He's a great back who runs with great vision," said Townsend. "He can take it to the house on any play."
Attempting to stop Ruhlman will be Hemlock defensive backs Dylan and Jordan Honsinger along with defensive linemen Aaron Matthias (6-5, 220) and three-year starter Zach Stedry (6-0, 228). Linebacker Reese Engel (5-11, 195) leads the Huskies in tackles with over 100.
"The Honsingers are quick," said Townsend. "Matthias and Engel are both big and physical."
Complementing Ruhlman will be running back Matt Schauman, who has rushed for 697 yards on 116 carries, along with quarterback Conner Schultz, who is 41 of 80 passing for 627 yards, two TDs and seven interceptions.
Defensively, junior linebacker/fullback Chris Graebner leads Freeland with 113 tackles and had a game-high 16 tackles last week against Standish-Sterling.
"They're fairly well-balanced offensively," said Bendix. "Conner Schultz had some big passes last week in the second half against Standish-Sterling. Matt (Schauman) had a real good game against us in week three. He's a real quick kid with the potential to rip off big runs. Chris Graebner is outstanding with good size."
The winner of Friday's game takes on the winner of Flint Powers vs. Millington in the regional final next week. Should Millington win, it would host next week's game. Should Flint Powers win, the Hemlock/Freeland winner would be the host.

subset: commoncrawl


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I attended the Central London Property Network Meeting last night and between Keynote Speakers and Experts Panel, there were five key trends and directions to adopt or add to your current property investment strategy.
1. Explore enhanced planning.
Find a development with planning in place and look for ways to add value by creative design. Small tweaks to layout, functionality, and creating beautiful and unique spaces with smart interior design tricks can make all the difference and add something extra to your bottom line.
2. Focus on town centres and mixed-use properties.
"Retail is dying." More and more shops and office spaces are available for repurposing with retailers moving online, and people prefer to buy from the comfort of their houses.
We need to design the units for specific tenants. Imagine how they spend their time, where they work, how they socialise, etc.
Build communities, not ghost towns.
Consider that they'll still need restaurants, local Boots, Coffee shops and convenience store. Maybe even a cinema or art gallery. Are some commercial spaces worth keeping?
What the rental value for the rejuvenated spaces?
3. Keep doing whats boring.
Explore, but don't chase the shiny penny. If you built a successful BTL portfolio or HMO business and the market in our area isn't saturated, and you are getting a decent income, keep doing what you are doing and build your war chest.
4. Make sure that you have multiple exit strategy.
Every strategy is great while it works. But we all know how little it takes to change it a headache – Section 24, Article 4, other changes in legislation and restrictions, oversaturated market, lower demand, you name it…
All of the above can take a toll, especially on commercially valued properties. When designing your guest houses or HMOs, make sure you can easily revert them into residential homes or convert them to flats to maximise your potential buyer's or tenant's market.
5. Look beyond the obvious.
Be creative with your developments. Don't dismiss opportunities because the latest hot strategy or the one that everybody uses in similar circumstances doesn't work. Think outside the box. Build a team around you that is openminded and likes a challenge.
2020 is about being different. It's about standing out, being bold, memorable and adding a personal touch.
It is about building homes valued on the quality of their design and finish, not floor area.
Beige wall, neutral colours, grey carpets and spaces without any character are so last decade.
Create affordable luxury and aim for excellence.


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2007 Transportation Person of the Year
Geni Bahar is the 2007 recipient of the prestigious Transportation Person of the Year Award, by Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) and Transport Canada.
Over the past 30 years, Geni B. Bahar worked globally as a traffic safety engineering expert, project manager, principal investigator, and trainer.
Her areas of expertise are Policy Development, Pedestrian Studies, Community Traffic Studies, Value Engineering, Safety Management & Network Screening, Safety Reviews & Audits, Research Papers and Training.
- State of Arizona Board of Technical Registration – Civil
- Professional Engineers, Ontario
- Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of British Columbia
- Professional Engineers and Geoscientists, Manitoba
- Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists, Alberta
- Israel Council for Architects and Engineers
- The Institute of Transportation Engineers
- Transportation Research Board, USA
- TRB Committee for Transportation Safety Management
- TRB Committee for Safety Data and Statistics
- TRB Task Force for Highway Safety Manual
- Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals
- World Congress- PIAR
- Transportation Association of Canada's Standing Committees for Road Safety
- Transportation Association of Canada's Standing Committee for Geometric Design Standard


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Awareness as the Fundamental Substance of Reality
The inquiry 'Who Am I?' represents the deepest spiritual quest mankind has ever known. In three incredibly short words, it asks several existential questions, including those like 'What is consciousness?' and 'What does it mean to be alive?' So what's the answer?
Some like to start by eliminating everything they're not, such as their clothes and their car. When the fingers, the arms, and the legs are eliminated as candidates, many logical folks decide to stop at the brain: 'I am my brain!'. But others go further and say 'I am my mind' or 'I am my soul' noticing that the brain is constantly changing and there still remains a seamless, persisting component of awareness or observation that is looking through the changing brain in front of it.
Even if the brain were changed to the extent that all previous thoughts and memories were wiped clean and replaced by new ones, to the viewer of that brain, the experience that is happening is still continuous and uninterrupted. To you, you are always you. To many, this you component that persists through different brain states is known as the soul. This mysterious awareness is assumed by several scientists to be a product of material interactions in the brain. But how can something as magical as awareness arise out of mere material?
Before we get too involved in this discussion, let me say that when discussing anything metaphysical, we are unfortunately constrained to a rational thought process, because we have to take ineffable insights and feelings and translate them to discrete, logically meaningful units. Because of this inherent limiting factor, I like to call any metaphysical discussion a kind of poetry. So do not take this post as a theory, or it would lose much of its meaning. Instead, take it as poetic speculation on the fundamental nature of reality. Poetic because it doesn't point to anything logically place-able but requires an additional step of inquiry – a step out of conditioning – to truly understand.
The Idea that Nothing is Aware
Look at your shirt. Is it aware in any way? We would probably say no. How do we know that? Because all it does is obey the laws of nature. It doesn't talk or respond to external stimuli in any way except by conforming to the laws of nature.
How about a plant or a tree? There was a controlled study showing that plants grow towards pleasant music and away from unpleasant noisy music. Assuming these studies were valid, this still doesn't show that plants are aware. As random speculation, noisy music probably created too many harsh harmonics that stimulated certain fibers in the plant that made it grow as it did. It was, like your shirt, just following the pre-programmed laws of nature.
How about a computer? It responds to your actions like it's aware. It thinks on its own; it's like a robot. It exhibits more free will than even certain animals do. How do we know that it's not aware? Simple, we witnessed its creation and we know that we created it out of materials that were not aware, exploiting the existing laws of nature to create a system that acts like it's somewhat aware. In other words, we know that we didn't add any magical component to computers to make them aware. We used the pre-programmed laws of nature. Interesting. So like a shirt, and like a tree, a computer is not aware.
Now, in the interest of enhanced objectivity, imagine you are an alien, not a human being. Like a shirt, and like a tree, a computer is not aware. How about animals and human beings? They definitely appear to think on their own, like robots. Take the simplest organisms, like amoebas, and they are very robotic. Then, as we move up to multi-cellular life and to birds and bees, they are a little less robotic, but it's still quite easy to predict the behavior of plants, trees, and birds. Finally, human beings are a lot less robotic, but it just seems like that because they are more complex. A convincing enough case doesn't seem to exist that life is aware. Life just seems to be material acting on the pre-programmed laws of nature. The Big Bang set up the initial conditions, and the rest of all life on Earth has simply been a carrying out of laws – nothing is aware on its own. Nothing has free will.
What is Sure to Exist
Poof! You are a human being again. Why do we as human beings assume that animals (including humans) are aware? Well, the only thing we are absolutely sure exists is our own awareness, our soul, and we assume that anything that acts like us must also have that awareness. In other words, there is no proof that anything else is aware. We just assume other animals are aware because we draw parallels between the way we act and the way other animals act.
The philosophy of solipsism is relevant here. It states that only one's own mind is sure to exist. We've all thought of it at least once in our lives. 'Everyone else is a robot and I'd never know!' Well, this gets interesting when you consider the idea that even your own body, at the material level, is an unaware robot. Just as the environment is not aware, neither are our bodies or brain, because our physical form is not categorically different from the environment. So while you are aware, your physical form is not. Your physical form is just following the laws of nature, like the rest of the environment. So who is that you, then? Hold that thought.
The Formation of Experience
First, there clearly seems to be a link between the experience of the conscious entity and the physical brain. Naturally, the experience of the conscious entity, including the choices that might seem to arise out of the conscious entity, can be dramatically influenced by minor tweaks of the chemical processes within the physical brain. These tweaks might occur as the result of magnetic equipment that is designed to stimulate certain areas of the brain such as those concerned with moving an arm or deciding which button to press. They might occur through the ingestion of alcohol or other psychoactive substances, causing you to punch your friend in the face when you wouldn't have otherwise. So clearly our experience depends on our brain, but does our brain ever get controlled by us? We feel like we make decisions every day, but is that the reality of it? Is there a means by which the metaphysical manipulates the physical?
Well, first consider that each chemical alteration to the brain produces changes in the decision-making algorithms of the brain, and also the overall perception of reality, including the associations and patterns that the brain chooses to pick up on. It's also interesting that before the feeling of making a decision takes place, there are several unconscious chemical processes that work to create that decision first. It's only afterwards that you become conscious of it. In other words, chemical reactions are obviously some kind of precursor to our own experience of making a decision. By this alone it should be clear that our own experience is not a great indication of being able to override chemical processes of the brain because our own experience – which includes the feeling of free will – depends highly on the chemical processes of the brain. Keep in mind that it doesn't matter whether free will is an illusion or not.
Take dreaming as a prime example of suggesting that free will is an illusion. In a non-lucid dream, the events of the dream might play out in a certain way and give you the illusion of control within that dream, but then you'll wake up and realize that the story told itself. In the dream there was a cohesion of a different kind that we did not question until we 'woke up'. The dream was formed by chemical reactions in the brain, following the laws of nature, and we experienced it as a kind of free will.
By the same token, 'our own experience' is not an indicator that we are separate from one another. Separation could be an illusion. Just because two people's brains are distinct in their chemical structure, it doesn't mean that their 'conscious entities' are. Naturally, my brain will be distinct in its activity from yours and that explains one brain not being able to magically align itself to match the chemical processes corresponding to the 'thoughts', 'memories', and 'emotions' of the other. That is why 'I' don't know what 'you' are thinking – even though it's more along the lines of 'my brain has no physical link to your brain'. There is no reason the 'conscious entity' here has to exist multiple times to produce the experiences of multiple people, because the experience of multiple separate objects is only in the brain. Some people have dreams of being one with all things.
And of course, some have those experiences while awake. Under certain states of consciousness, the idea of 'separation' might seem foreign, and concepts of 'soul' and 'conscious entity' would seem like constructs of an alien language. These states are so ineffably different from what we might call a 'normal state', that even trying to place it from a normal consciousness is futile. And yet, these states can be brought about by very minor tweaks of the brain's chemical functioning, such as introducing a serotonin-resembling compound into the blood stream ex. LSD, or even having a stroke like Jill Bolte Taylor.
So what happens when you have more significant tweaks of chemistry? What about a gram of LSD for example (a normal dose is in the order of micrograms)? All traditional ideas of reality would be completely demolished. 'Self' and 'individuality' would definitely be out of the question. There would just be some kind of out-of-this-world experience without an individual present. And even then, a gram of LSD would be a relatively minor chemical tweak compared to the experience of 'death', a much more intense chemically active experience. Or, consider something entirely different. If Red's brain was hypothetically tweaked to be a physical clone of Blue's current brain, then Red would act like Blue would and make decisions very much like Blue would. In a sense, he would 'be' Blue and make the choices that Blue would. That would be one hell of an altered state for Red.
The Magic Glitter
What exactly is persistent across these vastly different states of perception brought about by minute or more significant changes in chemistry? As far as we can empirically tell, the only thing that persists is some form of 'awareness', or 'observation', no matter how different in character it might be from a normal state of mind. The flavor or quality of 'observation' changes based on the brain chemistry.
While in one state you might see everything as one, including the 'observer' and the 'observed' (a very common experience among dedicated meditators), in another state you might see everything as totally separate (a very common experience among members of contemporary society). The flavor of observation varies indelibly from state to state, but yet, there is something 'there'. Some kind of 'observation' is still taking place regardless of the particular combination of chemical reactions that are happening.
The idea I'm trying to express is loosely analogous to vision. When we 'see' a keyboard, the picture is completely different from how it is when we 'see' a mountain, yet there is a similarity by virtue of both experiences being 'vision'. Similarly, when our 'conscious entity' is looking through our brain's chemistry, each state of the brain entails a completely different experience, yet the 'observation' seems to persist in some shape or form.
To reiterate the main theme, it seems that no matter what chemical processes the brain exhibits, there appears to be a kind of 'observation' taking place. You can go from your current brain to being a brain on acid, to being a brain with a computer chip implanted in it, to having Blue's brain, to being a dead brain, to perhaps not being what we would consider a brain at all. Each experience entailed by a given brain will be different from another brain.
While the brain – and the rest of the environment – appears to be merely following laws, even if they are somewhat complex and part of a bigger model that we are yet to discover, somehow there is a sense of being 'alive', of 'observation', of 'consciousness'. It's like everything was barren material, and then a divine entity sparkled magic glitter over it, and suddenly, awareness was permeating all things.
There is clearly an unchanging kind of 'super-observation' taking place that we have said is separate from the physical brain. The more and more the physical brain changes in its structure, the more and more the relationship to 'observation' changes – or rephrased, the more and more the flavor of 'observation' changes. Now, imagine that the brain was 'chemically' restructured to resemble another organic entity, such as a plant or a tree.
Since based on the chemistry of the 'brain', the flavor of 'observation' changes, such an extreme change in chemistry would elicit an extremely different flavor of 'observation'. The flavor of 'observation' would be different, but 'observation' would still be taking place by virtue of this new 'brain' still being a combination of chemicals acting and reacting. Just as science hasn't found the 'producer' of consciousness or 'awareness' in the physical brain, science cannot find the 'producer' of consciousness in the rest of nature.
The underlying assumption that this 'observation' somehow resides specifically in the brain seems to be naive, simply because no matter how you play with the brain, extrapolation suggests that 'awareness' or 'consciousness' is still there. Change the brain into a tree, and some 'observation' will still be taking place, albeit a very different kind.
In this sense, all aspects of the universe are under this objective 'observation'. The flavor through which 'observation' relates to these things varies. 'Observation' of the human experience takes the flavor of feeling 'grounded' in people's heads. 'Observation' of the plant experience might entail something completely different. It's like no matter what confluence of chemical reactions are taking place in the "brain" or "chemically active entity", 'observation' of some kind continues to take place. Even in a decomposing brain, some kinds of chemical reactions are taking place, and some kind of 'observation' would therefore be happening. That magical component, the 'observer', or what we can call 'observation' is what creates this mystery of consciousness.
Awareness and Reality
The observer in you, the one that you feel every day, the soul, is different from the chemical reactions that define your physical form. You could have a different brain, and act completely differently, but 'observation' would still take place. This 'observation' would be 'observing' everything in the universe, from every cell to every other manifestation of energy. That's what one might call the 'collective conscious', God, the Energy, Awareness, or the Source.
So in a sense, that awareness that you feel, that proof that you are alive, that conscious entity, is the one and only thing that is observing the entire universe, and the same thing through which Blue's brain is being observed. It is the fundamental component of reality. It is what makes everything come alive. Awareness is the fundamental substance of reality.
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The prototype for this model is an agricultural traction engine built by Allchin in their well known "Globe" steam works, Northampton, England. This engine has typical Victorian characteristics of the period, with a short smokebox, straight back tender, smaller front wheels and "dumpy" looking boiler.
This sort of engine would be in general agricultural use, particularly working threshing machines and other equipment with a belt drive off the flywheel. There was a choice of power, this being the 7 nominal horse power version built in 1893.
Our model faithfully represents this classic design in 3/4" Scale, it is gas (propane/butane) fired, single cylinder with full working valve gear, displacement lubricator, working steering & a wealth of detail parts. Capable of pulling up to 12 stone on level ground!
2017 versions will boast a Steam Roller, Crane and Showman's conversions sets, all sets can be retro fitted to older 3/4" Allchin models, the Showman's has a full length canopy, belly tank, motion covers, and working dynamo. The Crane has a half length canopy and fully working Crane mechanism for total authenticity!
MaxiTrak Allchin
Scale 3/4" to the foot
Length: 12.4" (314mm)
Width: 5.5" (140mm)
Height: 8.4" (214mm)
Weight: 7.7 lbs (3.5kg) (Dry)
Boiler: Copper silver solder
Single cylinder


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Ernest Sosa
Targeting His Philosophy
- Editors
- (view affiliations)
- Mentions
- 1.3k Downloads
Part of the Münster Lectures in Philosophy book series (MUELP)
Part of the Münster Lectures in Philosophy book series (MUELP)
This volume provides the reader with exclusive insights into Ernest Sosa's latest ideas as well as main aspects of his philosophical work of the last 50 years. Ernest Sosa, one of the most distinguished contemporary philosophers, is best known for his ground-breaking work in epistemology, and has also contributed greatly to metaphysics, metaphilosophy and philosophy of language.
This book, resulting from the 18th Münster Lectures in Philosophy, includes an original article by Sosa on his most recent work in epistemology, and seven critical papers that target a wide range of topics from Sosa's oeuvre, as well as Sosa's responses. As regards his epistemology, the issues discussed include his solution of the sceptical problem in his most recent work and the question of how to integrate a sensible account of testimony to Sosa's virtue epistemology.
The selected topics from his other fields of inquiry include his view on empirical challenges to human rationality, his defense of the scientific status of philosophy, his concept of causality as considered against the background of the current debate, his suggestion of a middle-way between existential relativism and absolutism and his externalistic internalism in the philosophy of mind and language.


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This privacy notice applies to processing activities carried out by Skygazer Limited trading as Better Chance Finance. The purpose of this privacy notice is to explain how we collect and use your personal data. In this privacy notice 'we' 'us' or 'our' are references to Better Chance Finance. Better Chance Finance is a data controller in respect of personal data that we process in connection with our business, which is a credit broker and financial intermediary.
The personal data we collect and process
The categories of personal data we may collect and process as part of our application process are:
- Basic personal information such as your name, gender, address history, date of birth, telephone number(s), email address;
- Information about your family and personal circumstances (such as marital status and dependents);
- Details of your income and expenditure;
- Details of your employment and/or benefit entitlements;
- Photographic identification such as a passport and/or driving licence;
- Current and historic financial information including account details, transactional history and outstanding balances;
- Details of health and medical conditions but only where you have given explicit consent.
Why we collect and process personal data
We collect and process personal data for the following reasons:
- To help us determine the most appropriate credit broker, financial intermediary or lender to refer your finance application to;
- To ensure any financial products we introduce you for are appropriate based on the nature of your enquiry and your circumstances;
- To check your details and information you have provided us with;
- To keep you informed about other products and services which may interest you, but only when you have provided explicit consent;
- If we suspect or identify fraud, money laundering or any other criminal activity;
- If we believe you have given us false or inaccurate information;
- To comply with regulatory and/or legal obligations.
How we obtain personal data
We obtain personal data from a number of sources which include:
- Information you supply to us;
- Information that you have provided to us if you have previously made an enquiry or finance application with us;
- Information that we acquire through our relationship with you.
Sharing your personal data with third parties
The third parties that we may share your personal data with are detailed within this section.
Our partners include credit brokers, financial intermediaries and lenders and by submitting an enquiry via this website, you consent to your personal data being shared with the most appropriate third party based on the nature of your enquiry and your personal circumstances. Once your application has been submitted, your personal data will be processed by the third party in line with their own privacy notices which can be viewed by following the links below.
We may also share your personal data with other third parties including:
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Car Finance
- Car Finance 2U Ltd – a motor finance credit broker.
- Financial Makeover Limited trading as Clever Mortgages – a mortgage brokerage
Secured Loans
- Financial Makeover Limited trading as Clever Lending – a secured loan brokerage
Insurance and Protection
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How long we will keep your data for and how we will protect it?
If you make a finance application which is not approved, we will retain your personal data for no longer than one year from the date your application is declined or closed.
If you make a finance application which is approved and you subsequently enter into an agreement with a lender following an introduction made by us, we will retain your personal data for six years from the date of your application, or longer if required to do so by a regulator or by law. This will help us answer any enquiries or resolve any complaints you may have. After this period, your personal details will be deleted or anonymised.
Data will be processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorised or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage using appropriate technical and organisational measures.
Your data rights
If you wish to exercise any of your data rights please contact us using the details stated at the end of this privacy notice.
- Access – You have the right to access the personal data we hold about you.
- Rectification – You have the right to rectify inaccurate personal data we hold about you. If personal data is incomplete taking into account the purposes of the processing you also have the right to have incomplete data completed. If any personal data has been disclosed to a third party, such as a third party lender we will also inform them that the personal data has been rectified.
- Erasure – In specific circumstances, you can ask us to delete your personal data. If the processing of your personal data is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation, or the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims we will not be able to delete your personal data.
- Restriction – In specific circumstances, you have the right to restrict processing of your personal data.
- Portability – Where technically feasible you have the right to have your data transmitted by us to another data controller.
- Objection – You have the right to object to us processing your personal data, unless we can demonstrate compelling and legitimate grounds for processing, which may override your own interests, or where we need to investigate and protect us or others from legal claims.
- Withdraw consent – Where you have given consent to the processing of your personal data you have the right to with your consent at any time. This will not affect the lawfulness of processing which is based on consent prior to your withdrawal.
- Complaints – If you wish to raise a complaint about how we have handled your personal data you can contact us directly. We hope that we can address any of your concerns you may have, but you can contact the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) if you wish. The ICO helpline is 0303 123 1113 or refer to their website www.ico.org.uk
How to contact us
Our contact details are:
Address: Better Chance Finance, Kempton House, Kempton Way, PO Box 9562, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG31 0EA.
Email: Using the enquiry form found on our website.
Our Data Protection Officer is Dale Stringer, Compliance Director.
Privacy notice 12 June 2019


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Canon PIXMA MP520 Driver and Manual For Windows and macOS – PIXMA MP520 printer multifunction can be a great companion for work with the documents. This printer able to print both documents and photos files as well with any supporting features that can make easier to use. This printer series may remind the previous series PIXMA MP520 which has similar features with MP520. MP520 becomes the refresh version of MP520 and it has improvements especially in the printer speed and also in the printer quality.
The dimension of Canon MP520 is 17,9 x 14,9 x 6,8 inches (wide x depth x tall). The weight of the printer is about 16,5 pound and it has a stylish design with silver and black color. It designed to look compact so that it will be suitable to put in home or office. Inside the stylish and compact body, there are two slots for memory cards and USB port for PictBridge. There are also two input sources in the rear and front.
Like Canon PIXMA MP280 All-In-One Color Photo Printer, this version becomes multifunction that can be used as a copier, printer for both document and photos, and also as a scanner. For copying, you can reduce or enlarge the size and there is also preview in LCD when copying. You can feel the easiness to process the documents when using Canon PIXMA MP520.
Canon PIXMA MP520 Operating System Compatibility
Windows 10 / Windows 10 (x64) / Windows 8.1 / Windows 8.1 (x64) / Windows 8 / Windows 8 (x64) / Windows 7 / Windows 7 (x64) / Windows Vista / Windows Vista (x64) / Windows XP / Windows XP (x64) / Windows 2000 / Windows Me / Macintosh / Mac OS X (10.2/10.3/10.4/10.5/10.6/10.6/10.7/10.8/10.9/10.10/10.11)
Canon PIXMA MP520 Specification
|Available Functions
|Print, Scan & Copy. Camera, Memory Card, and Mobile phone direct printing with 5.0cm Colour TFT screen and Easy-Scroll Wheel
|Print Resolution
|Up to 4800 x 1200 dpi
|Print Engine
|InkJet 4-ink with minimum 2pl Micro-Nozzles, FiNE print head
|Photo Lab Quality Speed
|Borderless 10 x 15 cm: Approx. 46 seconds (Standard)
|Mono Print Speed
|Up to 30ppm (Max.), 14.6ppm (Standard), When feeding from ASF
|Colour Print Speed
|Text & Graphics: Up to 20 ppm (Max.), 10.9 ppm (Standard), When feeding from ASF
|Ink Cartridge Configuration
|Single Ink Technology – 4 separate ink tanks (PGI-5BK, CLI-8C, CLI-8M, CLI-8Y)
For yield information see www.canon-europe.com/ink/yield
|Black Ink Tank Life
|505 pages (PGI-5BK) 3835photos (PGI-5BK)
|Colour Ink Tank Life
|Cyan: 910 pages (CLI-8C), Magenta: 665 pages (CLI-8M), Yellow: 685 pages (CLI-8Y)
Cyan: 424 photos (CLI-8C), Magenta: 287 photos (CLI-8M), Yellow: 299 photos (CLI-8Y)
|Media Type
|Plain Paper, Envelopes, Photo Paper Pro (PR-101), Photo Paper Plus Glossy (PP-101/PP-201), Photo Paper Plus Double Sided (PP-101D), Photo Paper Plus Semi-gloss (SG-101/SG-201), Glossy Photo Paper (GP-401), Glossy Photo Paper "Everyday Use" (GP-501), Matte Photo Paper (MP-101), High Resolution Paper (HR-101N), T-shirt Transfer (TR-301), Photo Stickers (PS-101), Super White Paper (SW-201)
|Media Input
|Rear Tray: Max. 150 sheets.
Front Tray: Max. 100 sheets.
|Media Size
|Rear Tray: A4, B5, A5, Letter, Legal, Envelopes (DL size or Commercial 10), 10 x 15cm, 10 x 18cm, 13 x 18cm, 20 x 25cm, Credit Card (54 x 86mm) Front Tray: A4, Letter, B5
|Media Weight
|Rear Tray: 64 to 105 g/m and
supported Canon special media up to 273 g/m
Front Tray: 64 to 105 g/m
|Two Sided Printing
|Available by manual operation using Photo Paper Plus Double Sided, Super White Paper or plain paper in A4, B5, A5, Letter & 13 x 18cm sizes (Windows only)
|Borderless Printing
|Yes (A4, 20 x 25cm, 13 x 18cm, 10 x 18cm, 10 x 15cm & Credit Card sizes)
|Camera Interface and
|Direct Print Port: Camera direct photo printing from PictBridge compliant digita cameras & camcorders
|Card Direct Printing
|CompactFlash®, Microdrive, Memory Stick®, Memory Stick Proâ"¢, SD Memory Card®, MultiMediaCardâ"¢, and SDHC Memory Card. xD-PictureCardâ"¢, Memory Stick Duoâ"¢, Memory Stick PRO Duoâ"¢, RS-MMCâ"¢, miniSDâ"¢ and microSDâ"¢. Features: Multi-photo print (select multiple images and number of prints for each image), Photo index print, 35-up contact print, Print all photos, DPOF print, Layout print, Sticker print, Print with shooting information, Photo index sheet, Search (by date), Slide show, File number & date print Image Enhancements: Auto Image Fix, Vivid photo, Photo Optimizer PRO, Noise reduction, Face Brightener, Brightness, Contrast, Colour hue (skin tones), Sepia/Simulated illustration, Red Eye Reduction, Image Optimizer, Trimming
|Other Features
|Driver Features: Photo Optimizer PRO (Windows only), Image Optimizer (Windows Only), Photo Noise Reduction, Vivid Photo.
|Scanner Type
|Flatbed CIS colour scanner
|Scanner Resolution Optical
|Up to 2400 x 4800 dpi
|Scanner Resolution Digital
|Up to 19200 x 19200 dpi
|Colour Scanning Depth
|48 / 24 bit (RGB each 16 / 8 bit)
|16 / 8 bit
|TWAIN / WIA (Windows XP / Windows Vista)
|Effective Scanning Width
|Other Features
|Z-lid (up to 15mm), Push-scan, Multi-Scan, PDF file creation & edition*, Descreen, Unsharp mask, Stitch Assist*, Photograph corrections (Fading correction, Grain correction, Reduce dust and scratches, Backlight correction, Auto Tone), Gutter Shadow Correction, Text (OCR)
* Function with MP Navigator
|Colour/Photo Copy
|Copy Speed Colour Document
|Approx. 28 sec
|Copy Speed 10x15cm Borderless
|Approx. 49 sec
|Copy Speed Mono
|Up to 30 cpm
|Copy Speed Colour
|Up to 20 cpm
|Multiple Copy
|1 to 99 copies
|25 – 400% in 1% increments and preset ratios
|Other Features
|Auto Intensity (AE copy), Manual Intensity Adjustment, Image Repeat copy, Fit-to-page copy, Borderless copy, Sticker copy, 2-on-1 copy, 4-on-1copy, Frame Erase copy, Trimming/Masking copy, Photo reprint, Face brightener, Fade restoration, Manual colour adjustment (brightness/contrast/hue)
|Interface Type – PC
|USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, Bluetooth Ver1.2 (with optional Bluetooth Unit – BU-20)
|Interface Type – Mobile Phone /
|Bluetooth Ver1.2 (with optional
Bluetooth unit BU-20) (JPEG only) & Photo printing via PictBridge
|Operating System Requirements
|Windows ® Vistaâ"¢, XP, 2000 Professional / Internet Explorer 6.0 / Pentium ® II 300 MHz including compatible processors / 128 MB RAM / 800 MB Hard disk space / CD-ROM drive / Display 1024×768 Mac OS X v.10.4 / Safari / Intel ® processor, PowerPC G3 / 256 MB RAM / 700 MB Hard disk space* / CD-ROM drive / Display 1024×768 Mac OS X v.10.2.8 – v.10.3 / Safari / Intel ® processor, PowerPC G3 / 128 MB RAM / 700 MB Hard disk space* / CD-ROM drive / Display 1024×768
*If EPP EX for Mac is not included, HD space is 450 MB
|Software Included
|MP Navigator EX, Easy-PhotoPrint EX*, ScanSoft OmniPage SE (OCR software)
* EPP EX for Mac: available for download from the Canon web site
|Dimensions (W x D x H)
|445 x 378 x 172mm
|Number of Language (LCD)
|20 Languages selectable: Japanese, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Finnish, Russian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Slovenian, Turkish, Simplified Chinese, Greek
|Temperature Range
|Operating environment: 5° – 35° C
|Operating humidity: 10 – 90%RH (no condensation)
|Acoustic Noise Levels
|Print: Approx. 36.5 dB(A) when printing in the highest print quality mode on Photo Paper Pro
Copy: Approx. 38.5 dB(A) when copying in the highest print quality mode on Photo Paper Pro
|Approx. 7.5 kg
|Power source
|AC 100-240V, 50/60 Hz
|Power Consumption
|Standby: Approx. 2.4W (when
scanning lamp is off),
Off: Approx. 1.0 W,
Copying: Approx 17 W
Canon PIXMA MP520 Driver & Software Installations
First Method: Installing the Canon PIXMA MP520 Driver by Downloading the Application
There are many ways or method of installing the Canon PIXMA MP520. The first method is to install the driver of the printer without the use of CD Driver. The driver will be downloaded from the internet and there have been provided software that can be downloaded easily. In this case, there are several things that you for this first method:
- The most important thing that you must have is the driver of Canon PIXMA MP520. In this case, you can download the driver for free by clicking the provided link below.
- Then, you will also need a USB cable to connect the PC and printer. Actually, this cable has been provided and it can be found in the printer package.
After you provide those two important things, then you can follow the complete steps.
- The first step to do is to turn on your computer and also the Canon PIXMA MP520.
- You do not need to connect the Canon MP520 to the computer. You will do this when you have the application installed.
- After that, you can start to download the driver of PIXMA MP520 and then install the driver after the download completes.
- When the download and installation finishes, you can start to connect your Canon MP520 to the computer using the provided USB cable. When the printer is connected, the installed driver will be able to analyze the printer. When PIXMA MP520 has been detected, you only need to follow the next instructions.
- You will find several instructions and you only need to follow them.
- When you have completed the installation and configuration processes, the Canon PIXMA MP520 is ready to use.
Second Method: Installing the Canon PIXMA MP520 Driver Manually
The second way is to install the printer driver manually using the provided feature of "Add a printer" in the Windows. In this case, there are several things that you need to prepare:
- You must have the software or driver of Canon PIXMA MP520 and it can be downloaded for free.
- You also need the USB cable of Canon PIXMA MP520 and this has been included in the printer package.
When you have provided those two things, you can start the installation process:
- First, you need to make sure that your computer and the Canon PIXMA MP520 are turned on.
- After that, you connect PIXMA MP520 to the PC using the provided cable.
- You should extract the software or driver of Canon MP520 and then open the location of installed driver.
- Then, you can open the control panel of your printer to get the access of adding a new device of the printer.
- When you have found the menu of "add a printer", you can just click it.
- After clicking it, you can give the location of extracted driver files.
- You only need to follow the instruction of the wizard to complete the installation.
- When the process finishes, your Canon PIXMA MP520 is ready and you can start to use it.
Third Method: Installing the Driver of Canon PIXMA MP520 with the Provided CD (Automatic Wizard)
The third method of installing the Canon PIXMA MP520 driver is by using the provided CD. In this case, there are several things that you need:
- You need to make sure that your PC have CD/DVD drive.
- You also need to CD of Canon PIXMA MP520 driver that can be found in the printer package.
- You also need USB cable to connect the printer to the PC and this has been provided in the package.
For installing the driver, you can follow the instruction of the installation process using the CD of Canon PIXMA MP520 driver.
- The first thing to do is to turn on the computer and the Canon PIXMA MP520.
- You do not need to plug in the USB cable of Canon MP520 because this will be needed later.
- Then, you need to insert the driver of PIXMA MP520 to the CD/DVD drive. When it is inserted, you can follow the setup wizard and complete the installation.
- After this, you can plug in the USB cable of Canon MP520 and connect the printer to the computer when the setup wizard asks you to plug in and connect the USB cable.
- You need to wait for awhile until the cable of PIXMA MP520 is detected by the application. When it is connected, you can continue the setup and instructions.
- When the processes have finished, your Canon MP520 will be ready to use.
How to Install Canon PIXMA MP520 Printer Driver on MacOS
How to install driver of Canon PIXMA MP520 in Mac:
- First, you need the file of the driver. When you have already completed the downloading process, it will be saved in the certain folder. You can see it at the computer settings.
- Second, you need to double click the downloaded driver file and mount it on the Disk Image.
- The third step is that you need to double click again the mounted Disk Image.
- At last, double clicking the packaged driver file. Do not worry, the installation is about to be started automatically.
How to Install Canon PIXMA MP520 Printer Driver on Linux
- A Linux-run device
- A Common Unix Printer Service (CUPS) installed on the device.
- Run the computer and run the CUPS.
- Visit the web-based interface.
- Open a browser and navigate to localhost: 631.
- Connect the printer.
- On the browser, go to Administration tab and select Printers.
- Select Add Printer.
- Enter username and password.
- Your printer (Canon PIXMA MP520) should be on the list displayed. Select it and press Continue.
- CUPS detect and add the printer.
- A configuration window will pop up, fill values as needed.
- The printer is ready to use.
How to Uninstall Canon PIXMA MP520 Printer Driver
For Windows:
- Look for the Windows button on your device's keyboard.
- Select Control Panel.
- Look for Uninstall a Program tab, select it.
- Look for the name of the printer driver you wish to uninstall.
- Click on the Uninstall button.
- Wait until the process is done.
For Mac:
- Open Apple Menu.
- Select System Preferences.
- Select Printers and Scanners.
- Choose a printer driver that you wish to uninstall. (Select Canon PIXMA MP520 if your printer is of that type.)
- Click Remove.
For Linux:
- Go to Application.
- Select System Settings.
- Select Printers. Printer window will pop up.
- Locate Unlock button on the upper right section, select it.
- Enter password.
- Locate the Canon PIXMA MP520 printer driver your wish to uninstall. Find a minus sign under it.
- Click the minus sign.
PIXMA MP520 Wireless Connection Setup
(Note: If the printer is compatible with wireless)
Connecting with WPS
- Physical WPS push button must be present.
- The network must use WPA or WPA2 security.
Step 1
- Press printer's Home button.
Step 2
- Use navigation arrows to select WLAN Setup icon.
- Press the left function button.
Wi-Fi lamp will light up after enabling wireless connection. Printer searches for access that supports WPS.
Step 3
- Press and hold WPS button for 5 seconds, release.
- Press OK button after 2 minutes.
- After the connection is made, press OK to complete setup.
Install software for PIXMA MP520.
If the connection still fails, please contact manufacturer.
Standard Connection Method
Step 1
- Press printer's Home button.
Step 2
- Use navigation arrows to select WLAN Setup icon.
- Press the left function button.
Wi-Fi lamp will light up after enabling wireless connection. Printer searches for access that supports WPS.
Step 3
- Press the Stop/Reset button
- Select Standard setup then press OK button to start process of standard setup.
Printer is searching for available wireless network.
- Use navigation arrows to select access point (the name of your network). Press OK.
Press left function button to search again if you cannot see your network on the list.
- Press OK to input/edit network password (case sensitive).
Use the virtual keyboard to enter a password. Follow the procedure as instructed:
- Password is case sensitive. Press the center function button to navigate between numeric, upper case, and lower case.
- Use navigation arrows to pick a character on the keyboard, press OK to confirm selection, and move another character.
- Repeat step (a) and (b) for more characters to input.
- After inputting password, press left function button to complete.
- Confirm your password. Press OK to edit, if needed.
- Press left function button to complete setup. Press OK.
Follow by installing software for PIXMA MP520.
If the connection still fails, please contact the manufacturer.
PIXMA MP520-factory default settings
Step 1
- Press printer's Home button.
Step 2
- Use navigation arrows to select Setup icon.
- Press the right function button.
Step 3
- Use left navigation arrow to select Device Settings.
- Press OK.
Step 4
- Use up navigation arrow to access LAN settings.
- Press OK.
- Use down navigation arrow to select Yes for reset setting.
- Press OK.
- WLAN Settings now reset. A message [Processing….Please wait momentarily] is shown.
- Press OK to complete resetting WLAN.
canonupdates.net give you the official driver and software that you can directly download from this link below. Of course, the steps by step are also easy to follow.
|Operating System
|PIXMA MP520 series MP Driver (Windows 8.1/8/7/Vista/XP/2000)
|PIXMA MP520 series MP Driver (Windows 8.1 x64/8 x64/7 x64/Vista64)
|My Printer (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
|Easy-WebPrint EX (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
|My Image Garden (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64)
|My Image Garden (Windows XP x64)
|Easy-WebPrint EX (Windows XP x64)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (Windows XP x64)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (Windows XP x64)
|MP Navigator EX (Windows 8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP/2000)
|Solution Menu (Windows 8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP/2000)
|Windows Adobe RGB 1998 Installer Program (Windows 8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP/XP x64/2000/Me)
|My Printer (Windows 2000)
|MP Navigator EX (Windows XP x64)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (Windows 2000)
|PIXMA MP520 series CUPS Printer Driver (OS X 10.5/10.6/10.7/10.8)
|ICA Driver (OS X 10.6/10.7/10.8)
|PIXMA MP520 series Scanner Driver (OS X 10.5/10.6/10.7/10.8)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (OS X 10.11/10.10/10.9/10.8/Mac OS X 10.7)
|My Image Garden OS X 10.11/10.10/10.9/Mac OS X 10.8)
|My Image Garden (OS X 10.7)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (OS X 10.11/10.10/10.9/10.8/Mac OS X 10.7)
|My Image Garden (OS X 10.6)
|Easy-WebPrint EX (Mac OS X 10.5/10.6)
|Easy-PhotoPrint EX (OS X 10.4/10.5/10.6)
|MP Navigator EX (OS X 10.2/10.3/10.4/10.5/10.6/10.7/10.8)
|MP Navigator EX 1.0 Opener (OS X 10.6/10.7/10.8)
|My Image Garden (OS X 10.5)
|PIXMA MP520 series User Manual (Windows)
|PIXMA MP520 series User Manual (Mac)
|Guide for My Image Garden (Mac)
|Guide for My Image Garden (Windows)
PDF format
Memo: File names having the extension.pdf are PDF files.
You need to have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer to read PDF files.
Follow the instructions below to download manuals in PDF format.
- Click the file name you want to download. The download will start automatically.
- Files will be saved on the computer desktop.
- Double-click the downloaded file to open it.
HTML format
Follow the instructions below to download the compressed files on Windows.
- Click the file link, select Save, and specify the directory to save the file. The download will start automatically.
- Downloaded files will be saved in the specified folder in a self-extracting form (.exe format).
- Double-click the files to decompress them and save them in the same folder.
- To open and HTML format manual double-click the file.html in the folder.
Follow the instruction below to download the compressed files on Macintosh.
- Click the file name you want to download. The download will start automatically.
- Files will be saved on the computer desktop.
- Double-click the downloaded files. Files will be decompressed automatically, and the Photo Application Guide folder will be created on your computer's desktop.
- To open an HTML-format manual, double-click the file.html in the folder.
Canon PIXMA MP520 Driver and Manual For Windows, macOS
In this case, there is access to Download the driver of Canon PIXMA MP520 for free. You do not need to find other websites because the site of Canon Printer Drivers already provides the access to download the application. You only need to click the web link provided below to download the driver. Then, you can follow the manual instruction. There is also an alternative to downloading the user manual to complete the process of installation.


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Engineering and Science Education:
Engineering and Science Education programs means application in science. In this course students would learn multidisciplinary techniques and technology. In that they combine math, chemistry and technology with engineering principles. Engineering and Science degree programs are available at the bachelor's, master's and doctorate levels.
In this course, several study topics would be covered like cell biology, microelectronics and fluid mechanics.
Bachelor's Degree in Engineering Science
Bachelor's degree programs in engineering science or Bachelor of Science. Before take admission in this course students are trained in physical sciences and mathematics. Mostly students are focusing in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, bio-engineering, computer engineering and materials science.
Master of Science in Engineering Science
Master of Science in Engineering programs are comes in professionals courses, after complete this course students can work in engineering and science fields. Students can design their area of research. Typically, students complete research in a unique field and covers several disciplines within engineering and science.
Ph.D. in Engineering Science
Ph.D. in Engineering Science is a Doctoral degree programs which focus research and development. There Students would write the theses according to the subjective field under project leader. Students attend seminars and classes, as well as complete practical experiences.
Ph.D. students must hold a master's degree in engineering science related field. Such as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering etc.


text:
A Guide to PC Games.
Computer games reefer to video games which are played through the computer at any given time or place. The games are rather preferred to video game console or arcade machines as they are more efficient when it comes to gaming.
The most differentiating characteristic of these games is that they occur to be more diverse and user determined gaming software's and hardware. The computer games available at this age have generally exhibited a great capacity in input, processing and video output. Computer games have become a means by which most teens spend their leisure during this days as they are easy to find and access at cheaper costs.
Games of pc have become a trend and thus creating the need for manufacturers of this games to design a variety of them. Games of PC occur in a very wide range of varieties to suit the consumer needs. The type of game that an individual opts to play depends on what he or she likes in real life. For example it has occurred that most football funs prefer to play computer games that bring out the aspect of football. The same case has been recorded to fans of different sports and activities such as basketball and rugby.
Computer games were invented from way back then in history and have then continued to evolve due to upgrades. The occurrence of upgrade in computer games has been due to change in technology.
Computer games also exhibit some characteristics in their use. The characteristic that is mainly exhibited by computer games is openness. Openness in computers refer to how computers exhibit lack of a centralized control system. characteristic of openness have recorded a given number of benefits some which include reduced software cost, increased flexibility and room for innovation. It has also been recorded that computer games give room for interaction among individuals.
Technology has led to better graphics being used to design the game. They have been recorded that some computer games have recorded to have characters who occur in real life but mostly they are celebrities known to all. The current computer games are designed in such a way that they have a network section.
The network section is used to give room for multi players. What do I mean by the term multi players? Multi players refers to the aspect of competing with another individual who is in your locality or other parts at any given time. The aspect of multi players have led to socialization as this individuals socialize during the process.
Lessons Learned About Resources


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The Vèrvi-riz Lordship was created in 1990 as a true gastronomic brotherhood of the rice tart. All the members defend and promote this noble and ancient product and is a showcase for the town of Verviers at numerous events. The motto of the Lordship is : «never just to eat, always for the pleasure. Magnans, Frés, Fat qu'on rêye (Lets eat, brothers, lets have fun) avoû noss blanke Dorêye (with our rice tart)».
Address : Monsieur Freddy Lambrette, bois de Mariomont 11, 4800 Verviers - 087/22.64.20


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Starting in 1996, BOCK AUTOMOTIVE service technicians have been able to use a standardized diagnostic system to help determine what is wrong with a vehicle. This diagnostic system works in tandem with the Engine Control Modules for each vehicle's engine. The Engine Control Module is a computer that monitors and controls many engine functions.Sensors throughout a vehicle send readings to the Engine Control Module. These readings help the computer make adjustments in various vehicle systems to allow for constantly changing driving conditions and even to compensate for minor problems. However, if the computer encounters a situation it can't adjust for, it turns on the Check Engine light. (The Check Engine light is called the "service engine soon" light on some vehicles.)If the Check Engine light is burning steadily, it indicates a problem that needs to be taken care of soon. If it is flashing, however, the vehicle needs immedi ... read more
Custom wheels are one way that PEQUANNOCK folks express themselves and personalize their vehicle. But they aren't as cheap and easy as sticking decals on your back window. There are several factors that need to be considered, including cost, the fit of the wheel, modifications that will have to be made to the vehicle, how the new wheels and tires will affect the operation of the vehicle, your driving habits and, of course, the style of the wheels. Most PEQUANNOCK drivers start with the last factor: the style of the wheels. But that should be the last thing we choose. When considering custom wheels, you should first carefully consider your budget. Some wheels may require adjustments to your vehicle suspension system, brakes, or traction systems. You need to know what you can afford before you start shopping or get your heart set on a particular type of wheel. There are three basic ways you can change your wheels. First, you choose ... read more
PEQUANNOCK drivers may have an alignment problem if their car drifts or pulls to one side, the steering wheel's off center, they notice uneven tire wear or the car doesn't feel like it handles right as they drive down PEQUANNOCK, NJ, streets and roads.When all of a vehicle's wheels are lined up exactly with each other, your wheels are in alignment. Running into potholes, smacking a curb or other objects around PEQUANNOCK are great ways to knock a car out of alignment. Then one or more of your wheels start pulling in a slightly different direction and the problems begin.The team at BOCK AUTOMOTIVE in PEQUANNOCK wants you to know that driving for an extended time when your car is out of alignment causes your tires to wear unevenly and excessively. Sometimes the tire can be worn so badly that it will fail.At the very least, those who drive with wheels out of alignment will have to replace their tires sooner. You could end up with premature wear to your suspension system, which can be ... read more
The crankcase is the lower part of the engine where the crankshaft is housed and where the engine oil lives. The crankshaft is connected to the pistons that power the engine. When you are diving around PEQUANNOCK, fuel is burned in your vehicle engine, it pushes the pistons down and the crankshaft rotates and sends power to the transmission. Some of the explosive gases from combustion squeeze past the pistons and down into the crankcase.Now this gas is about 70% unburned fuel. If it were allowed to remain in the crankcase, it would contaminate the oil and quickly turn it to sludge. Sludge is like Vaseline and clogs passages in the engine, leading to damage. Also, the pressure build up would blow out seals and gaskets. So in the old days, there was just a hose that vented the crankcase out into the air. Obviously, not good for our air quality in PEQUANNOCK, NJ.Enter the PCV valve. It's a small, one-way valve that lets out the gases from the crankcase and routes them back into ... read more


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It's 4 May and time for local elections up and down the UK. Our local website, http://www.hither-green.co.uk/, has been hosting an opinion poll and the results are shown above. It will be interesting to see how that plays out in … Continue reading
Thursday 4 May 2006
by Wulf
Comments Off on Local Elections – Today!


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Posts Tagged / LES
KPFA Signing Party and other General Info!!!
Hello All Local Election Station Board Participants! This is a friendly reminder that your completed nomination packages along with your signed cover sheet– stating that you have read the Fair Campaign Provision Statement- and your petition signature lists are all due this Sunday, July 26th at 8:00pm. Please make sure that your word count on
Upcoming WPFW Signing Parties
WPFW Local Election Supervisor David Levine is now accessible by phone and email. You may contact him at 240-343-5174 or through email at email@example.com. Also just as a reminder, all interested candidates and members are invited to the WPFW station at 1990 K Street; Suite 14R Washington, DC 20005 on the following dates and times
Meet with WBAI Local Election Supervisor and Candidate Nomination Extension
Please be advised that the candidate nomination period has been extended to Sunday, July 26, 2015 at 8:00 PM local station time. If you are interested in running for the Local Station Board please contact the Local Election Supervisor, Gene Johnson, at email@example.com or 347-927-0701 or visit the elections website elections.pacifica.org. All interested candidates and
Meet WPFW Local Election Supervisor David Levine
David Levine has helped administer elections at the federal, state, and local levels. At the United States Election Assistance Commission, he reviewed grants and analyzed state and federal processes for certifying electronic voting equipment. At the Washington, DC Board of Elections, he recommended and formulated policies and strategies on election operations, human resource management, voter
Meet KPFA Local Election Supervisor Nelsy Batista
Nelsy Batista is a proud mother of a two-year old who dedicates her time as a consultant and parent/child advocate for childcare and early education as well as workforce development in the City of Oakland, CA. With 10 years of experience in both political campaigning and issues based campaigning; voter education and voter registration has
Meet KPFK Local Election Supervisor Coohtunich "Cookie" Partansky
Coohtunich "Cookie" Partansky is a dedicated, cosmopolitan, tech-savvy, second generation Angeleno. She is passionate about human rights, migration issues and poverty alleviation. Working for numerous years in the Parks and Recreation Department for the City of Carson, she was able to develop her organizational skills in planning multiple large-scale events for a diverse community. Partansky is an avid volunteer dedicating
Meet KPFT Local Election Supervisor Natalie Ortiz
Natalie Ortiz is a graduate of the University of Houston, where she earned a Bachelor's Degree in Creative Writing. When she's not slamming poetry or writing magazine articles, you may find her being creatively inspired at an outdoor festival or art show. She is a lifelong member of Houston's Northside community and is the current
Meet WBAI Local Election Supervisor Gene Johnson, Jr.
Gene A. Johnson, Jr. has nearly twenty years experience in the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) field as a mediator, conflict consultant, trainer and administrator. Mr. Johnson brings a varied and broad base of procedural knowledge, as well as logic and analytic skills, to resolve disputes. He is known for his ability to help parties get to


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First Brief Communication:
The Resilience of Illusion
by Phillip Freeman, MD
Advances in technology inevitably provoke fears that we are getting ahead of ourselves, transgressing, losing our bearings. Even in the realm of play, the super-enhanced toys offered by more exact simulations and virtual worlds can be viewed as the Devil's playground.
Some turn down the virtual because they fear losing touch with reality. Some turn down the real because they fear a disruption of their own constructed fictions. Some imagine themselves beyond illusion. In this, the first of two brief communications, I consider the ambivalent reception of the virtual as evidenced by fictional narratives in which the protagonists refuse virtual omnipotence and attack the illusionists.
Illusions – from unrecognized assumptions, convictions, and predictions to the more consciously constructed solace of daydream fictions – are ubiquitous. As a psychoanalyst, I have the opportunity to hear about or intuit the role of illusion. Illusions of triumph, love, justice, recognition. Illusions of having once enjoyed a paradise, and of the wait for its return. <…>
International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 9: 78-83, 2012.
Second Brief Communication:
The Resilience of Illusion
by Phillip Freeman, MD
In my first communication I discussed stories in which characters renounce illusion because they fear falling down the rabbit hole. Now I will describe some characters in fiction and from clinical situations in which individuals, living within fantasy constructions of their own making, refuse reality, including real opportunities for gratification, because they suspect they are being deceived by an illusion. As Freud wrote of neurotics in the Dora case, "If what they long for most intensely in their phantasies is presented to them in reality, they nonetheless flee from it; and they abandon themselves to their phantasies the most readily where they need no longer fear to see them realized" (Freud, 1905[1901]/1958a).
Enrico IV, the lead character from a play of the same name written by Pirandello, is participating in a costume drama as a young man when he suffers a head injury and develops a delusional psychosis in which he takes himself to be the character he portrayed in the ball, the 11th century German Emperor, Enrico IV (Pirandello, 1921). In brief, after many years supporting his delusion by maintaining a throne room and vassals, his family conspires with a psychiatrist to shock him out of his madness by replacing the life size puppet of the woman he had loved at the ball with the real figure of the woman's now grown daughter and then forcing him to face the image of the real woman now aged. They hope the shocking evidence that time has passed will wake him from his illusion. What they do not know is that he had spontaneously recovered years before and now maintained the fiction because he preferred the relative authenticity of a voluntarily assumed character to the self-deception of an unrecognized fiction. The plan backfires and drives him mad instead of sane. It appears that the precipitous realization of his fantasy was so tempting that it overrode his willingness to reject the illusion for reality. To have the illusion made real, to have the woman whose statue he had worshipped and possessed in fantasy for 20 years suddenly come alive, to have the puppet made flesh, the impossible wish realized, in defiance of time, generation and mortality (Chasseguet-Smirgel, 1984), was irresistible.<…>
International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 9: 344-349, 2012.
Previous Posts
Paul Ornstein, MD (2012) The Novelist's Craft: Reflections on The Brothers Karamazov. American Imago, 69/3, p. 295-316.
Stephanie R. Brody, PsyD (2013) Entering Night Country: Reflections on Self-Disclosure and Vulnerability. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 23:1, p. 45-58.
Ellen Pinsky, PsyD (2012). PHYSIC HIMSELF MUST FADE: A View of the Therapeutic Offering through the Lens of Mortality. American Imago, Vol. 69, No. 1, 29-56.
All articles are available in the library.


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I am trying to build an Excel 2007 spreadsheet to track on a weekly basis the status of specific activities. Out of an undetermined raw list of rows, I need to check for any Noncompliance Issue (text field in column C) that is not Closed (text field in Column E - could be Open, Action Plan Approved, or Date Extension Pending) and are more than 7 days out and not more than 14 days. I have tried multiple things but nothing seems to work. Currently, I have a separate tab where I define the possible text and dates to shorten the equation but still no luck.
So: P2 has today's date, P3 has today's + 7, and P4 has today's +14, R2 has text "Noncompliance Issue", U3 has text "Open", U4 has text "Action Plan Approved", and U5 has text "Date Extension Pending" With those variables set, I tried:
=COUNTIFS('All Records for Dept_February_1'!C:C,R2,'All Records for Dept_February_1'!E:E,U3,'All Records for Dept_February_1'!I:I, COUNTIF('All Records for Dept_February_1'!I:I,"<=" &E1)-COUNTIF('All Records for Dept_February_1'!I:I,"<" &F1))
=SUM(('All Records for Dept_February_1'!C:C="Noncompliance Issue")*('All Records for Dept_February_1'!E:E="Open")*('All Records for Dept_February_1'!I:I<=P4)*('All Records for Dept_February_1'!I:I>P3))
So, what am I doing wrong? Let me know if I need to provide any additional detail.
Try the SUMPRODUCT function.
Don't rely on the Excel help files for SUMPRODUCT as they are very limited.
Google the function and read some of the info you find.
This might be a good start.
Click Here Before Posting Data or VBA Code ---> How To Post Data or Code.


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Piercarlo Ghinzani was once credited as saying, "It is better to be at the back in Formula 1 than not be in Formula 1 at all."
Sadly, that's pretty much where this Italian driver stayed during his nine-year Formula 1 career – well short of the results that his talent deserved.
It was perhaps more by the clinching of sponsorship deals than outright pace that Piercarlo was able to extend his F1 career for so long, and it took him quite a while to get there too. Starting in motor racing in 1970, he broke into Formula 3 in 1973, and it was a further four years before he won the European title and graduated to Formula 2.
Called in as a last-minute replacement at Osella in 1981, he started what would be a long, although not very fruitful, association with the little Italian team in Formula 1. The only points finish of his career came at the attrition-hit 1984 Dallas Grand Prix, where he survived on the disintegrating track to finish a hugely-praised fifth.
He briefly switched to Toleman in mid-1985, but returned to Osella again in 1986, switched to Ligier for 1987, Zakspeed for 1988, and finally again to Osella for his last season in 1989.
On the basis of his equipment, Piercarlo was never going to feature at the pointy end of the field – the highest he ever qualified was 13th – and he certainly was never destined to lead a race, ranking tenth on the all time list of our 'Never Led a Race' top-ten feature.
Two points from 112 entries – including a mammoth 36 times where he failed to make the grid – cast Piercarlo as one of F1's all-time tail-end heroes.
After hanging up his helmet at the end of 1989, Piercarlo remains active in motorsport circles, with his Team Ghinzani outfit running teams in several European feeder categories. He was also the seat holder for the Italian entry in the A1GP series.
And what better way to commemorate his 61st birthday today with an exclusive interview for RichardsF1.com, where he chews the fat and gives us all of the inside stories of a fascinating time in motorsport…
|Full Name:
|Piercarlo Ghinzani
|16 January 1952, Bergarmo (ITA)
|First GP:
|1981 Belgian Grand Prix
|Last GP:
|1989 Australian Grand Prix
|Grands Prix:
|Best Finish:
|Best Qualifying:
|Fastest Laps:
|Italian Formula 3 Championship, Scuderia Angeleri, 2nd overall
|European Formula 3 Championship, AFPM March Toyota, 1st overall
|Italian Formula 3 Championship, Euroracing March Alfa Romeo, 1st overall
|Formula 1, Osella Cosworth FA1B, 2 entries, 1 DNQ, 0 points Not Classified
|World Endurance Championship, Martini Lancia, 1 win, 15th overall
|Formula 1, Osella Cosworth FA1D / FA1E, 15 entries, 8 DNQ, 0 points, Not Classified
|Formula 1, Osella Alfa Romeo FA1F, 16 entries, 1 DNQ, 2 points, 19th overall
|Formula 1, Osella Alfa Romeo FA1F / FA1G, 8 entries, 1 DNQ
|Formula 1, Toleman Hart TG185, 7 entries, 0 points, Not Classified
|Formula 1, Osella Alfa Romeo, 16 entries, 1 DNQ, 0 points, Not Classified
|World Sportscar Championship, Joest Porsche 956, 3 entries, 1 win, 22nd overall
|Formula 1, Ligier Megatron JS29B, 15 entries, 0 points, Not Classified
|Formula 1, Zakspeed 881, 16 entries, 7 DNQ, 0 points, Not Classified
|Formula 1, Osella Cosworth FA1M, 16 entries, 12 DNPQs, 0 points, Not Classified
|Founded Team Ghinzani
When did you first become interested in motorsport? When you were young, did you imagine that you would ultimately become a racing driver?
I grew up in my father's machine shop and I had a great passion for motorsport. But I certainly never thought I'd make it all the way to Formula 1.
Who were your first motorsport heroes? What was significant about their achievements or character that you admired?
Before I started racing, my heroes were Jackie Stewart and Emerson Fittipaldi. I admired Jackie Stewart for his great ability and that he rarely made mistakes: you don't become a three-time World Champion in less than 100 races without that. I admired Emerson because he was very fast and a great leader.
You were a later starter in motorsport and spent some time in the junior championships before working your way into sports cars and then Formula 1. During this time, you won the 1977 European and 1979 Italian Formula 3 championship titles. How important were these successes for your career aspirations?
I started to race to give an outlet to my passion for motorsport. But in doing this I saw that I could get close to winning. so then I focused more precisely on my driving and won both the Italian and European F3 titles, plus I broke the record as Italy's fastest racing driver.
From there, I knew I become professional because I had won against drivers such as Nelson Piquet, Alan Prost, and many others.
Your Formula 1 debut came in 1981 when you contested two Grands Prix with the Osella team. How did the opportunity come about, and what were your first impressions of the team and the sport when you joined the team?
I was called up by Enzo Osella just one week before the Grand Prix at Zolder to replace Argentine driver Miguel Ángel Guerra, who had been injured in the previous race at San Marino.
This would be my F1 debut, but I had never tried driving an F1 car before and when I managed to qualify first time out it was a great feeling and it showed I had some potential.
Unfortunately on my second attempt at the Monaco Grand Prix, I missed out on making the twenty-car grid by a few thousandths of a second, all because of a slow puncture in one of my tyres!
Entering the world of F1 was the first time was an incredible impression. It was a great thrill to be fulfilling my dreams, to be among the 24 fastest riders in the world.
As for the Osella team, it was a quality team with the problem of a very small budget, leaving it unable to do the technical development in the same manner of the top teams.
You would become the Osella team's longest-serving driver in your Formula 1 career. The team never enjoyed the finances to make it successful; how do you look back on your time with the team?
I was with Enzo Osella for a long time. We always worked in the hope of finding good sponsors for the team in order to make the leap forward from the back of the grid.
Unfortunately, the budget never made it possible and therefore I never could have help secure competitive engines and aerodynamic developments for the team. This was certainly a negative side of being with such a small team, however, it still stimulated a lot of my driving skills and I was able to claim some good results for the team.
You joined Formua 1 full-time in 1983, returning to Osella. You would also drive in the World Endurance Championship that year. Was it difficult trying to juggle the two vastly different disciplines?
In 1983 I finally made my full-time F1 debut. However, it did mean sacrificing the relationship I'd built with Lancia, for whom I'd raced in the World Endurance Championship. My F1 drive meant I did not have the time available to do more racing and testing for Lancia. It was a great Italian drivers (Riccardo Patrese, Teo Fabi, Michele Alboreto) at the time and together we won the 1981 championship.
In 1984, the Osella team reduced to a one-car team and the new Alfa Romeo V8 turbo engine proved to be more competitive. You only failed to qualify for one race all season, and you earned your one and only top-six finish at the famous Grand Prix at Dallas. This was a very famous race because of the heat and track conditions; can you describe it in more detail and the important of the result?
The famous Grand Prix of Dallas! I remember the track temperature reading 60°C (140°F) and the ambient was close to 50°C (122°F), it was unbelievable.
Finishing in fifth place was a great achievement, it was like winning. The result allowed the the team to have enough money to finish the championship season.
This was more than your normal Grand Prix where success is measured by the strength and performance of the cars; here they measured the resistance and strength of the pilots in the torrid heat.
My stamina was higher than that of many other drivers and I could cope in the extreme heat without getting fatigued. I didn't commit any mistakes and that allowed me to finish the race in the points. I still remember the great pleasure and satisfaction on Enzo Osella's face – it was the first time he'd seen his cars score points in the F1 World Championship.
You stayed with Osella in 1985, but you were replaced by Huub Rothengatter mid-year. Not long after, you were thrown a lifeline by the Toleman team, which gave you a drive for the rest of the year. While the car was much more competitive than the Osella, it's reliability was very poor and you never finished a race. Can you describe this period of your career for us?
In 1985, Benetton bought into the Toleman team as a sponsor. But Pirelli had only provided tires for one of the cars. At that time, I was Pirelli's official test driver.
Osella needed more money to see out the season, and it just so happened that there was a combination where Huub Rothengatter had the budget to take over my seat, so I proposed to Mr. Benetton that he let me test the Pirelli tires on the second car and drive for them. He accepted!
This way, I could drive a more competitive car for the rest of the season, and Osella took Rothengatter's money to finish the season.
Unfortunately, while the Toleman was competitive in qualifying, in the race I had many engine problems and it meant I never finished a Grand Prix with them.
It was a good time for me because I could qualify in the midfield for the first time, I could never see the checkered flag!
Unfortunately, I wasn't able to stay on for 1986. Gerhard Berger joined the team with the backing of BMW, and Teo Fabi took the other seat. I was without a drive and back to Osella once again.
You were back with Osella once again for the 1986 season. But the team's finances were very bad and you finished just one race all year due to reliability concerns and occasional accidents. Your big opportunity came for the 1987 season when Ligier offered you a drive, one year after one of their best seasons in their history. How did that opportunity happen, and how did the team differ from the familiar environment at Osella?
In 1986 I returned with Osella but the team had virtually no budget and lived race by race. I remember that year in the major financial problems of Osella; somehow they managed to keep a near-dead programme alive all year with some monumental sacrifices and strength. It was definitely a transitional season that only bore disappointments.
At least I had some success in the endurance racing with two wins, claiming the 1000Km races at Fuji and Kyalami.
Ligier was meant to have a factory-supported Alfa Romeo engine for 1987, but your team-mate René Arnoux criticised the engine before the first race and Alfa Romeo quit. Was Arnoux's behavior warranted, and how much did this impact the team as it was forced to pick up Megatron engines instead?
The big story for my move to Ligier in 1987 was its supply of works Alfa Romeo engines. I happened to be Alfa Romeo's test driver, and I helped develop the engine in testing during the winter.
Unfortunately, FIAT and Alfa Romeo were both bought out and this put the entire programme in jeopardy.
In the end, the cause of Alfa Romeo's withdrawal was courtesy of my teammate René Arnoux, who decided to strongly criticise the engine after his first test run at Imola. That gave FIAT all the invitation they needed to break the contract and pull the entire programme.
Just a month out from the F1 season starting, we were without an engine deal. In the end, we secured a supply of Megatron-badged BMW. But the Ligier was designed for the Alfa engine and we lost a lot of competitiveness through unreliability. Quite often I'd be running in the points, only for the engine to fail…
That wasn't the only problem I had. We didn't get a decent allocation of Goodyear's softer tyres on most occasions, and when we did, they'd always to go René. I had to work extremely hard trying to qualify on the harder, slower tyres.
The engine issue wasn't the only drama you suffered in 1987. I recall you were disqualified from the British Grand Prix when your mechanics refueled your car illegally…
Unfortunately, this also happened. I ran out of fuel in practice and the mechanics ran out of the pits and refuelled my in the car down on the trackside, leading to our disqualification. and we were disqualified.
In 1988, you moved to Zakspeed, but that was another difficult year as the car was very unreliable. How frustrating was this becoming for you? You had much experience at this stage of your career, but never the right car or circumstances to show your skills?
Zakspeed was a team that had a lot of will and passion. They had on many occasions in touring cars, but that was an area where the focus on aerodynamics was virtually nonexistent.
Along with Ferrari, they were the only other team to design their own engines. Of course, their main focus was all about engine output, and little importance was given to the downforce of the car. Aerodynamics was nowhere near what it is today, but even then it counted for some 70% of a car's performance.
Despite my insistence that they focus more on aerodynamics, it forced me to evolve my driving style to run all the races without any development to improve performance.
It was another difficult year full of aggravation. I didn't come close to a points finish or that much-wanted podium.
The 1989 Formula 1 season would be your last, and you were back once again with Osella. By this point, Formula 1 had many cars and teams, forcing you and team-mate Nicola Larini to have to prequalify for each Grand Prix. It must have felt like a ridiculous set of circumstances for you at this stage of your career?
I returned to the team Osella, and at the same time we had to take part in pre-qualifying due to the the excessive presence of F1 teams. We had over 32 cars at each race, fighting for 26 positions on the grid. I had to participate in pre-qualifying,
With the budget problems Osella had, now being faced with a desperate attempt to pass the pre-qualifying on Friday morning, it just aggravated the situation further. I had to fight with my team to get more more performance.
At that point in my career I was getting tired and disappointed with this situation, and I was beginning to realise a desire to retire from F1, despite feeling that I was still fast.
In fact, at the end of the year the Osella team was bought by the main sponsor, Fondmetal, who offered me good money to stay in the car to develop a new project that would debut the following year in 1990. But I refused, having decided to end my career and devote the next phase of my life to business.
Your final race ended with a big accident in heavy rain on the streets of Adelaide. How did this accident compare with your fiery crash at Kyalami in 1984?
Unfortunately, in the last race in Australia, it was soaking wet. Nelson Piquet did not see me in the spray and he hit me hard from behind. I was a sad way to end my career; it was hardly the champagne moment I'd been hoping for.
Nelson was gracious enough to apologise for what had happened, but my race was over.
Still, it was nothing compared to my accident at Kyalami in South Africa in 1984, where the car caught fire in the accident and had to stay for 20 days in the hospital after sustaining burns to my left hand and face.
Of all the Formula 1 cars you drove in your career, which was your favourite?
Without a shadow of a doubt, my favourite car was the Toleman Benetton designed by Rory Byrne. It was a spectacular chassis that could have won the championship if equipped with a more reliable engine.
What is your most favourite circuit at which you have raced and why?
My favorite track is the old Nürburgring Nordschleife where I won back-to-back Formula 3 races in the same weekend. It won a Master's trophy that has all other Masters winners' names engraved on it.
From an F1 perspective, Monza was my favorite track. Over the years, it gave me great satisfaction and disappointment – one example was in 1985 when I was fought with Riccardo Patrese for third place, but I ran out of fuel on the last lap!
After Formula 1, you moved into motorsport management and established your own racing operation. You also fronted Italy's entry in the A1GP Series. How did team management compare to the challenges of motor racing, and who are some of the young drivers you have supported?
After F1, I had a lot of experience to offer and I wanted to give something back. I formed Team Ghinzani, which has run in a host of categories such as Formula 3, F3000 and and the A1GP Series. We earned a lot of wins with more over 50 young drivers who gone on to have made successful racing careers in different categories around the world.
You raced in a time when there were many Italian Formula 1 drivers. Today, that number has dramatically dwindled. What needs to happen at the grassroots level to increase the number of Italian drivers in Formula 1?
When I was in F1, we had up to ten Italian drivers in the field. In 2012, we had none, and it looks to be the case in 2013.
For a long time, an Italian driver's path to Formula 1 was well-supported, but we've seen that drop off and many talented drivers are unable to break into better championships because of two things: a lack of commercial support, and little interest from the local media.
Fortunately we have seen the Ferrari Academy step in to give more support to entry-level categories such as the FIAT Abarth championship, so perhaps that will revive our hopes that we will have Italian driver back on the grid. Perhaps…
This issue applies to many countries – not just Italy. The media and sponsors need to get involved at the grassroots level to help talented youngsters climb the ladder. It's simply a fact of life that talent alone won't get you into Formula 1 anymore.
How would you summarise your motorsport career?
My time in the junior categories gave me huge satisfaction and pleasure because of the success I enjoyed.
But my results in F1 were dictated by vast differences in performance due to the financial gulf between the big and small teams. If you were in the top three teams with a half-decent chassis, tyres and engine, then you could win. Outside of that, you were sometimes just a spectator.
I'm disappointed that I never had the opportunity to show what I was truly capable of.
[Images via The Cahier Archive, Corbis Images, F1 Rejects, LAT, Motorsport.com]
Richard Bailey
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