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Spin Polishing - making a perfect edge
Posted 22 July 2008 - 03:29 PM
From an earlier description (see previous thread from a few months ago) I'll repeat the description.
Basically, inside the sweet spot (SS) the curve goes shorter, outside the SS the curve goes longer, at the SS the curve stays the same. Assuming excellent contact with the tool or lap to the mirror, that is. Grinding or polishing, the principle is the same.
For any given sub-diameter lap that's about 55% or more of the mirror diameter there is indeed a SS position. If the lap is too small you will not be able to cover the center of the mirror while offset. The smaller the lap % the smaller the overhang % is at the SS, and vice versa.
I typically get spheres using pure static-position polishing ("spin polishing" at the "sweet spot") that null out uniformly, right off the machine. Granted, I do some simple lap prep and follow a particular protocol for time, which I've detailed a couple times over on the Yahoo Z******MirrorGroup, mostly about how to obtain a perfect edge. Overhang % and excellent lap contact is key.
For spin polishing (or grinding) OTOH the lap (or tool) is free to follow the curve of the glass, but other than that its pivot is just fixed in space above the rotating mirror.
A picture being some K better, here's one of a mirror that's undergoing final polishing prep before figuring today. This is a fixed quill (static position) polishing machine (Derek) doing edge preparation on a 14.7" f/4.4 fused silica mirror. The aft end of the overhead channel pivots via an automobile ball-end joint. The fore end is clamped onto a reinforced support table, and that's what takes the force load (which can be quite high). The table spins clockwise at about 42 rpm, the lap is AccuLap medium on an epoxied concrete base, and there's 25 lbs of weight on it.
to be continued
Posted 22 July 2008 - 03:32 PM
Note particularly how the first diffraction band (which is about 2/3 wave from the actual KE shadow) just tracks straight to the edge. The small scale ripples right at the edge are diffraction ringing off the edge. The mirror doesn't need to be spherical to start figuring, very smooth to the outside with shallow correction (any conic b slightly less than 0) will do, which is what this is.
It shows around 1/4 wave, I get maybe -.07 for the conic. There's a certain amount of turbulence in this photo, it's an average of several video frames taken over about 30 seconds, in the dark with a pretty dim source. Most anything imprinted by the tool towards the inner half of the mirror vanishes during figuring (but see next post). Note that this is not true of defects near the edge! If you don't start with a smooth edge without artifacts, you won't end with one, if using normal sub-diameter parabolizing techniques (from the outside in).
For those curious, this parabolized mirror will have 3.54 waves of correction, compared to a sphere!
to be continued
Posted 22 July 2008 - 03:47 PM
Spin polishing, I use a 75-80% lap most of the time but it works with smaller or larger laps. The lap is held in a fixed position so it can only rotate with around 15% overhang (diameter). This is the easiest way to grind by machine and it works just the same for polishing as well.
You need excellent contact while you're doing this and it's mostly useful to finish a mirror that has the typical rolled edge that comes from polishing out with a spinning lap over long sessions.
Wire brush the lap under hot water to get a roughened surface. You don't need much in the way of faceting for this, as it works mostly from the scratches. I channel the lap while avoiding the center and angling each channel so it doesn't put zones on the mirror. The pic is of an AccuLap lap made that way, but channeled for extended polishing. For finishing the channels would be narrower and allowed to almost close.
With a generous shot of slurry on the mirror, press it briefly while the lap is still hot - use a lot of force, and then check there's good contact. If there isn't do it again until there is.
Put it onto the machine. I use a lot of weight and try to set it up with the overhang and start it going quickly. That's so there's no chance for a groove to set in from the overhang position - this will kill the mirror's edge. Run it 15-30 minutes, less time as you get closer to a good edge. Very important point - the lap must turn just a little slower than the mirror, which shows proper contact. Faster than the mirror or a lot slower, it's not working, so take it off and try again.
Once the time expires, take it off and redo it. You can check it if you want, but it will push a good sphere slowly out to the very edge with anywhere from 2-5 reps in most cases. It's the repeated establishing of the good contact that does it, and the lap only spins that way reliably until the microfaceting from the brushing gets smoothed out.
No particular mystery about it but you really have to experiment a bit to see what happens and then work with it.
Caveats and more blather:
I need to emphasize that I'm talking about a very specific technique in the final stages of spin polishing. To produce a perfect edge I'm not talking about just putting the lap on and letting it run for hours, I'm talking about a carefully prepped lap set at the overhang position where it raises the typical TDE coming off of polishing out or extended polishing. And you must check the results with the KE to see when to stop applying it, but that's not hard. Be aware that it's only the combination of these factors that gets to the results documented in the earlier thread, and I've tried to be careful to describe it in detail each time I've described it.
A summary sort of:
Perfecting the edge is a perennial issue in prepping large mirrors that everybody encounters (see this post. ). I'm not sure I can say much more about it, the method is very simple and reliable. It does what it's supposed to and it does it extremely well.
Posted 22 July 2008 - 05:13 PM
It works very well if as you say, one watches the rotation speed to know that things are working or not.
Posted 22 July 2008 - 06:10 PM
2. Do you test for astigmatism, and if so, what is the ocurrence of it appearing?
3. Do you note the appearance of astigmatism when dealing with multiple factors when dealing with polisher size? (particularly, by factors of 2,3+4) and with similar low numerical "polishing swirls"?
"I need to emphasize that I'm talking about a very specific technique in the final stages of spin polishing. To produce a perfect edge I'm not talking about just putting the lap on and letting it run for hours, I'm talking about a carefully prepped lap set at the overhang position where it raises the typical TDE coming off of polishing out or extended polishing."
I don't fully understand this statement. The edge area should have a good deal of "pre-correction" if you can find a prefiguring stroke that -CAN- run for hours if needed with only normal polisher correction and preparation; and little other attention to setup parameters. If it's critical, with lots of hoops to jump through as to polisher prep, it's my opinion the method could stand improvement. Wouldn't that be a sensible assumption?
Preston, just my opinion, if CZ told you this particular method, it's the long way around the barn, it works, but it's somewhat critical and there's a shorter more reliable and "safer" way.
Regards, Mark
Posted 22 July 2008 - 06:18 PM
Posted 22 July 2008 - 10:29 PM
Posted 22 July 2008 - 11:16 PM
I bet dollars to donuts the process works just as well as Mark claims it does...and I also bet it works just as bad as some as the others have claimed.
In my line of business it is readily known that there are plenty of ways to skin a cat, and many of them are prefered when performed by skilled hands, and the same is regected when performed by the novice.
I can't say what is and isn't good yet, and I think I will give this technique a spin (ha ha).
I can always return to my stroke technique if I can't figure it out.
Thanks for all the great info and photos.....
Between my time making the scopes OTA, and its mount, and mirror..I'll try anything..if it works.
How fast does the table HAVE to spin for this technique to work?
Posted 23 July 2008 - 12:11 AM
1. Mark, how come you don't respond to PMs?
2. Do you test for astigmatism, and if so, what is the ocurrence of it appearing?
3. Do you note the appearance of astigmatism when dealing with multiple factors when dealing with polisher size? (particularly, by factors of 2,3+4) and with similar low numerical "polishing swirls"?
1) I will eventually, Mark. No offense! Call me if it's more urgent and I'd be happy to discuss anything (without the risk of misunderstood e-mails). (503) 884-3832.
2) Astigmatism doesn't occur, unless the flotation pad under the mirror manages to come unstuck (it's attached with Duro spray adhesive). Yes, I check for astig, I think I documented that pretty thoroughly in another thread... I've got a personal 14" f/4.7 under prep right now, I can shoot some pics of how it goes as well.
3) Hmmm. Good question(s), if I understand what you mean properly. The last first - polishing "swirls". I've seen that, but it takes excessive action on the lap to produce them, as in an almost dry working condition. By applying a wire-brushed texturing (I got this from Carl Z BTW ) and minimally hot pressing the surface comes out extremely smooth and the contact will stay perfect throughout the short session.
If by the first you mean are lap size ratios correlated to astig? I see what you might be thinking there but in practice I don't see it happening.
"I need to emphasize that I'm talking about a very specific technique in the final stages of spin polishing. To produce a perfect edge I'm not talking about just putting the lap on and letting it run for hours, I'm talking about a carefully prepped lap set at the overhang position where it raises the typical TDE coming off of polishing out or extended polishing."
I don't fully understand this statement. The edge area should have a good deal of "pre-correction" if you can find a prefiguring stroke that -CAN- run for hours if needed with only normal polisher correction and preparation; and little other attention to setup parameters. If it's critical, with lots of hoops to jump through as to polisher prep, it's my opinion the method could stand improvement. Wouldn't that be a sensible assumption?
I don't want a lot of pre-correction on the edge, but I'll accept some. The method I use for hand figuring (to be applied robotically soon) corrects the entire mirror at the same time evenly, save some portion of the center (varies with f/ratio). Because of that, if I have anything near the edge that isn't the same smooth fractional conic as the rest of it it will very faithfully end up as an error on the finished optic - and for fast mirrors that's the same time it becomes hard to detect. A sphere or very close to it (on the weak negative side) is the best starting point for me. I also want the maximum amount of working time for figuring to get the results that I'm after.
Maybe I haven't yet explained this procedure properly - the short sessions are used to take a mirror with some form of correction (either a narrow turned edge, a wide turned edge, or a strong negative correction) and transform it to a sphere. It does it from the inside out. The lap overhang must be set properly for this to occur - and it happens to be exactly at the position where it would neither lengthen nor shorten the ROC of the mirror - ie, the "sweet spot", which is around 15% give or take for an 80-85% sub lap. It's easy to see what happens during multiple short sessions on the bench, as the turned edge shrinks in size while the spherical center grows outwards. Reliable as sin, at some point along the way the turned edge disappears completely. That's all there is to it. You want to stop when this happens - I think that's obvious, right?
So looking at it a different way - the polishing out is done with the same lap running for hours on end between dressings. It may (and sometimes does) result in a good sphere or fractional negative conic ready for figuring, but typically it results in a turned edge with zones and what have you. So there are only two branches on the decision tree - use it if it's good, or finish it by applying the short steps if it's not. The short steps always work and require little thought process (except perhaps as to why! ) and mere repetition of the sequence always results in a mirror ready to figure. That's why I'm calling it a simple process. I don't see anyplace it needs improving, it works and it works well.
Preston, just my opinion, if CZ told you this particular method, it's the long way around the barn, it works, but it's somewhat critical and there's a shorter more reliable and "safer" way.
I doubt it was this method. When I posted it over there (the Zambutomirrorgroup) the first time, Carl had been complaining about never quite being able to get pure spin polishing to work, and spending a lot of time fixing edges as they came off the machine method they were using. That was one of the reasons I explained it, as apparently it was not a method that he (or anybody I've heard about) was using. Perfect edges aren't easy - isn't making large fast mirrors hard enough already?
Posted 23 July 2008 - 12:15 AM
I think what I see here is a technique sensative process.
As are they all!
How fast does the table HAVE to spin for this technique to work?
I don't know. I've designed all tables to run at a fixed speed, 42 rpm. It's either heresy or the Answer to The Question. I haven't tried it at other speeds.
Posted 23 July 2008 - 12:22 AM
I would like to get other opticans ideas on spin polishing the two opticans i talked to who have made lots of optics think spin polishing is a BAD way to polish! they both said there are much better ways to polish! and in my work on my 26 it polihed better with stroke polishing.
Must be heresy then. It'll be used on a 20.2" f/4 fused silica mirror next, BTW.
It works for me, I've got no reason to use another method to do this job. I'm not suggesting that other people should use it, BTW. I'm just saying, here it is, this works for me, have a look at it. I kept the method in-house only for quite a while, until I noticed some people having problems that indicated they'd never quite come to terms with how to get the last critical step accomplished.
Also, it shouldn't need to be said again, but experiment with it. Don't think the bare description is going to be enough to take it and make it work, or that because somebody doesn't like something that they gave the same name to that that means it's the same thing. Optical work isn't like that, it's hard to get the nuances right. Use what works, but try little variations to see if you can improve it - that's how I came up with this in the first place!
Posted 23 July 2008 - 12:45 AM
Could you explain what the shorter, more reliable and "safer" way around this barn is? I have used spin polishing on my machine and usually need to do some corrective long stroking to get things right to begin figuring in earnest. Always looking for a more reliable method.
Cheers, Eric
Posted 23 July 2008 - 03:01 AM
My regimen may slow down the "polishing out the pits" phase, but it's getting a leg up on the correction, and eliminating astig. and any possible roughness induced by using urethane. When I'm doing multiples, I can generally get the correction to 75-95% correction from the .707 zone outward with a 7/8ths size polisher.
So in doing 3 things at once, I do manage to shortcircuit some of the time off of getting a mirror ready to finish up. Since we have a Vendor here, I am somewhat reluctant to "give away" information particulars that took years to develop. But with some basic determination, and the goal of accomplishing more than one good thing at once is kept in mind, you can explore this aspect and easily develop a stroke that can do it all, or just get a smooth 'stig-free sphere.
And Mark, I don't buy the thing about PMs, this thread here is virtually the same thing. But thanks for the input about CZ's having found it can be a bit touchy with spinning, for I believe he would never recommend that method. I think that he'd know better, but that's my guess.
As to what I'd accept on the mirror, I learned a long time ago to accept whatever's given to me. But the hard issues is when, say a mirror comes out of a prefigure session, it's corrected to 1/16th wavefront error, just what exactly it was that ocurred to make that happen, and if it's repeatable! It happened with a 5", and an 8" mirror, while using a somewhat smaller polisher(~5/8) with the 8, and a full size (???) with the 5!!! But I have been able to find out what corrects it very well on the outer half of area consistently and reliably.
Later, Mark
Posted 23 July 2008 - 03:17 AM
Regards, M.
Posted 23 July 2008 - 07:23 AM
but other than that its pivot is just fixed in space above the rotating mirror
This may fix the edge but it also invariably creates a zone along the inside edge of the lap. Granted the defect on the inside is easier to deal with in parabolizing.
Posted 23 July 2008 - 09:09 AM
I think what I see here is a technique sensative process.
As are they all!
How fast does the table HAVE to spin for this technique to work?
I don't know. I've designed all tables to run at a fixed speed, 42 rpm. It's either heresy or the Answer to The Question. I haven't tried it at other speeds.
Mark another question. I heard you mention polishing nearly dry. Now what I want to know is...how much slurry does one need or how much do you use to achieve the polish you want? Is your mirror slightly wet...just wet...or running wet?
Posted 23 July 2008 - 09:29 AM
Several things..My machine spins at a very slow RPM probably 5 rpm a minute. give or take a rev.
Any way..in my business we polish polymers, and it is always assumed that fast revolutions on the polisher are best....when in fact slow rotations of the polisher are just as fast or even better, and the friction of the fast polisher can cause heating and even zones on the product.
It is the impatient, and Hurried who jump to the fast polish...and fail to recognize the significance, and practical importance of how well slow polishing can really be superior in most cases.
Now, with that said....can that same principal be applied to polishing glass. It has been mentioned that a slow stroke can and does produce very satisfactory result.
Now to my project. With good contact, and a slow regular stroke...I have been able to polish the center(thus far) of my mirror to a very nice shine. I will now extend the stroke of the over arm and *push* that toward the edges.
Do you foresee this technique as typical or should I try something different as suggested...maybe.....
Any input? I just want to successfully polish this mirror out...and if there is a better way...then..
Posted 23 July 2008 - 09:30 AM
I didn't mean for you to give away info that you didn't want to divulge. The technique you describe though is much closer to what I have converged on, though. I spin polish fairly fast at first, and taper off the speed to very slow at the end with a healthy dose of stroke. Works for me. I'm not getting anything close to 75% correction from polish, though.
Cheers, Eric
Posted 23 July 2008 - 03:09 PM
If I had a spindle speed of ~5RPM , I'd shoot for a polisher that went out with an overhang of ~1/4 the diameter of the polisher, if ~1/2 mirror diameter, maybe more OH, and a stroke of duration of 1.33-2 seconds. Should get you up to 6-8 strokes/mirror rev. (I like to see more, but it might not be possible without adding a jackshaft to your spindle drive train) And do yourself a favor- put a dot on the mirrors edge, -AND- polisher to check repeatability. You don't want them to line up only occasionally as everything turns/strokes.
The wider you can make the amplitude/offset, the quicker you'll get the edge to catch up with the center. But watch the offset, for it could give a narrow tde if it gets away from you.
This is some of the basic parameters. If you check it occasionally, you should be able to fine-tune your setup -as is- fairly well to be useful.
Posted 23 July 2008 - 03:20 PM
Posted 23 July 2008 - 03:42 PM
Posted 23 July 2008 - 06:53 PM
Posted 23 July 2008 - 10:26 PM
Posted 24 July 2008 - 08:35 AM
I'm looking at the polisher picture, and I note the grooves are not very deep at all- and the groove spacing is larger than usual- hence, the polisher isn't going to change much at all as far as the ROC is concerned. Owing to the fact that AL isn't a very compliant pitch medium, basically, you're working with a 'solid face' tool, and relying on the brush scratches as mini-grooves. It's typical for those to close up after 15-30 minutes- use. (As revealed in your polishing period duration.) Since the polisher is conformed well previously, and starts to likely run erratically after the mini-grooves close up, I think your stressing the conformity of the polisher is a bit off. It doesn't need repressing, just re-scratching with the wire brush treatment to renew the neutral acting characteristic you're looking for.
Just me thinking out loud, if you cut the grooves deeper, and spaced them a little closer; you'd induce more correction with perhaps less overhang with the better compliance of the improved tool; and have a leg-up on accomplishing a bit more correction near the edge; but you'd still need the mini-grooves for smooth polisher operation. Due to the increased compliance of the polisher, you'd have to back off on the weights used somewhat.
I also think you'd have to modify either approach you use if the F/D is increased to any mirror over F/5, and especially with F/6 and longer.
Do you think that's a good assessment of what's going on?
Posted 24 July 2008 - 09:24 AM
What are you assuming is what you put your mirror on? (spindle!) The overarm is generally called either that, or simply eccentric, which is how the overarm is adjusted. M.
I might need a class on polishing machine nomenclature.
Here is a simple diagram of my machines workings.
The blue thing is the mirror(It sits on the rotating table)
The OVER ARM comes from the large eccentric wheel to the right. The smaller eccentric wheel to the bottom controls *cross* stroke. Both connect to the Spindle that sits inside of the lap(that thing on the blue mirror thing...
If I have it all wrong..please correct me.
My machine is based on the Porter machine.


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"The arts are not a way to make a living. They are a very human way of making life more bearable. Practicing an art, no matter how well or badly, is a way to make your soul grow, for heaven's sake. Sing in the shower. Dance to the radio. Tell stories. Write a poem to a friend, even a lousy poem. Do it as well as you possible can. You will get an enormous reward. You will have created something."
-Kurt Vonnegut
Independent studies have shown that making things is the number one way to gain superpowers, live forever, and earn bonus XP. Rocket is a collection of things people have made and people talking about things people have made. If you've made something, send it through to be printed, and if you just want to check it out - subscribe below.
Rocket is free.


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Geraldton Senior College is the leading vocational education school in the Mid West. Careers and Vocational Education (CAVE) at Geraldton Senior College is the link that connects learning, on-the-job experience and opportunities for further education.
We provide flexible learning opportunities where students can choose programs to suit their individual needs to achieve their future career goals. Our students are recognised for their excellence in the workplace and meeting learning expectations.
The professional, friendly and approachable staff use their extensive contacts with local and regional businesses to help students wanting to pursue beginning level trade qualifications or vocational studies. Our expertise helps students participate in a number of programs while studying:
- Pre Apprenticeships in Schools
- Aboriginal School Based Traineeships
- School Based Traineeships
- TAFE-link programs
- Year 10 Aboriginal Leadership Program
- Workplace Learning
Application processes are conducted for places in many of our programs. These are usually held in term 3, many of which require personal interviews with other training organisations or employers. Register your interest by completing one of the application forms below:
2019 Pre-Apprenticeship in Schools Application Form
Including: Automotive, Building & Construction-Trades, Electrotechnology, Kitchen Operations, Metals and Engineering, Plumbing
2019 TAFE Link in Schools Application
Including: Aquaculture; Animal Studies; Business; Early Childhood Education and Care; Computer Assembly and Repair; Salon Assistant; Events; Financial Services; Horticulture; Laboratory Skills, Information, Digital Media and Technology; Resources and Infrastructure; and Visual Arts
Certificate IV in Preparation for Nursing Education
2019 School-based Traineeship Application
Please complete the following form if you are not intending to return to Geraldton Senior College in 2019:
2019 Intention to Leave School Form
Opportunities for students considering further education such as university are widespread including guidance regarding entry scores and pre-requisites, timelines and how the student fits into those requirements.
To see how the CAVE can help you seize your pathway and explore the opportunities available, drop in for a visit or call 08 9965 8400.


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Point Blank Tp New Ed
Written by Ed Brubaker Art by Colin Wilson Cover by Sean Phillips Grifter is determined to get to the bottom of a bewildering mystery in this gripping precursor to the SLEEPER series. Collecting the entire five-issue miniseries, the story begins as Grifter is caught in a deadly game of cat and mouse. Reprinted here as a new edition with a new cover by Sean Phillips, this volume works as a set alongside upcoming collections of the SLEEPER saga. Advance-solicited; on sale May 6 • FC, 128 pages, $14.99 US Mature Readers


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What a difference a year makes! A year ago today we had snow on the ground and many cubs at ABR, spending time in the trees. Because of the poor mast (acorn) crop in the fall of 2015, many yearlings were starving. Many of them were rescued and brought to ABR for care. These little bears were so hungry and malnourished that they weren't interested in denning but simply continued to eat through the months when they would normally have been in dens. They did spend their time between snacks up high in the trees, snoozing and resting. This photo, taken in January 2016 shows some cubs being snowed upon as they rested in the trees.
Another photo that shows seven of the eight cubs in one of our Wild Enclosures a year ago.
This year (2017) we don't have cubs as yet. This has given our curators, volunteers and others the opportunity to accomplish some much-needed work in and around the facility. So as a contrast to the images above, we have a photo of a workman from Ogle's Tree Service who scaled a dead tree that must be removed for safety's sake before we have bears.
The red arrows show us the man at the bottom and the one who is as high as the cubs were in the photo from last year. Of course the humans have to use safety gear to climb this high, while the cubs scamper up a tree with ease. The next photo zooms in on the man in the tree so we can see him better.
That tree is at least 50-60 feet high. Cubs are not even slightly hesitant to climb that high. Most of us mere mortals would not wish to do so, even with the safety harness!


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Calcification, corrosion, sedimentations and damage caused by micro-organisms (biofilms) are only some of the factors that may considerably affect the cooling water system. The consequences: increasing wear and tear, poor efficiency and eventually the standstill of the plant.
An important factor of any efficiency calculation will therefore be the efficiency of your cooling water system. It often requires a few corrections only to reduce the operating costs drastically and to avoid downtimes lastingly.
Together with you, we jointly develop practical and environmentally-friendly optimization solutions, which will be geared to your individual needs, which are commercially advantageous and which give due consideration to VDI directive 3803, Annex 31 of the Waste Water Directive as well as other relevant statutes and guidelines.
More details on the subject of process and water optimization here


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Anna West is a tribal fusion belly dancer, teacher and performer. She works continuously to grow as a dancer and teacher, and this willingness to learn has earned her the respect of other members of the belly dance community. Anna is working on her certification to perform Level 2 Improvisational Tribal Style (ITS), which is not just a dance, but a language that allows dancers to nonverbally communicate sequences that will be improvised while on stage. She is also studying Raqs Sharqi, aka Egyptian Cabaret, a technique that is nearly opposite to her "home base" of tribal fusion. In addition, while live snakes are commonly used in belly dance, Anna is the only known performer to incorporate a live bird into some of her performances. Anna is also working on her Group X fitness and recently certified to teach Zumba.
Anna took her first belly dance class in 2003, after stumbling into a class at the fitness center at her work. She was immediately hooked and saved every note and handout, dreaming of one day becoming an instructor and performer. Anna began teaching beginning belly dance as a volunteer at YouthCity After School Program in 2007, and used the opportunity as a springboard to develop her curriculum. Her signature "fun" style was developed in partnership with her YouthCity students who were ages 9-14.
Anna studied and performed with Desert Journey School of Dance from 2003 to 2009, Transfusion Hype Dance Company from 2009 to 2011 and began her own school The Rubber Room in 2011. She currently directs The Rubber Room School of Dance and its troupe's Asylum and Hipsteria. Anna studies regularly with various local and regional dance teachers and performs with them as often as time permits. She also participates in every workshop she can get her hips on, including those taught by international superstars such as Aziza, Rachel Brice, Unmata, Kami Liddle, Calamity Sam, Lisa Zahiya and Sharon Kihara, and incorporates her learnings into her daily practice. She also cross trains with weight lifting, flexibility training, and exploration into other dance styles and dramatic practices.
Anna holds a Master's of Science in Health Education and spent more than
17 years working in marketing for public health. She lives in Provo with her partner, Marty Kendall, Welsh Terrier, Girlscout, performing partner, umbrella cockatoo, Sapphron, and recently adopted lesser sulphur crested cockatoo, Shino. Anna is grateful that belly dance is a pursuit that is accepting of all body types and ages; and offers enough breadth that it can be her lifelong passion.
Belly Dance Timeline
- 2016, established The SLCC Belly Dance Club to provide performing and artistic development opportunities for Salt Lake Community College students, faculty, staff, partners, alumni and community education students.
- 2013, joined SLCC as adjunct professor.
- 2011 to present director and main choreographer for The Rubber Room School of Dance, including troupes Hipsteria, Asylum and The Fourteenth Ward.
- 2009 to 2011 signature belly dancer in Transfusion Hype, hip hop/contemporary belly dance company. Contributed choreography and assisted in the production of their About Love show at the Rose Wagner Theater.
- 2007-2009 Member of Troupe Sekmet, Egyptian belly dance group directed by Fvorboda (Jeniel Allen) and part of Desert Journey School of Dance.
- 2003-2009 Charter member of Dragomi, gothic/tribal fusion belly dance group that toured the Intermountain West and part of Desert Journey School of Dance.
For more information, view Anna's CV.


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What is Regular Exercise?The Department of Health publishes recommended movement guidelines for children (0-5; 5-17) and adults (18-64 years). Guidelines for Adults include:
- Doing any physical activity is better than doing none. 150 minutes a week may sound daunting but gradually working up to it will make it easy!
- Be active on most, preferably all, days every week.
- Accumulate 150 to 300 minutes (2 ½ to 5 hours) of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 to 150 minutes (1 ¼ to 2 ½ hours) of vigorous intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both moderate and vigorous activities, each week.
- Do muscle strengthening activities on at least 2 days each week.
- Avoid periods of prolonged sitting or break it up by standing or going for a walk
Exercise for Injury PreventionOveruse, weakness or hyper/hypomobility are common contributing factors to injury. Therefore, it makes sense that strength training, range of motion work alongside stretching and following exercise guidelines all contribute to preventing injury. Strength training has benefits for not just the muscle tissue but also the joint surfaces, ligaments, tendons and bones. In fact, strength training is highly recommended for improving bone mineral density. Muscles largely contribute to stability at most joints, meaning that not only strengthening them but also improving motor control can greatly reduce the risk of injury. Proprioception training is often not incorporated into daily exercise routines and is more so prescribed post-injury. However, awareness of body in space or lack there of commonly contributes to injury and deteriorates with injury. Training through balance exercises as well as single leg and plyometric exercises can be very useful.
Benefits of Exercise on General Health
- Weight - the overweight and obese population is increasing exponentially. Being overweight/obese largely increases your health risk for many conditions, exercise is the key method for controlling weight.
- Risk of heart disease - whilst weight contributes to this risk, exercise in general is also really important for maintaining heart health and good circulation.
- Mental health - exercise is more commonly prescribed now for anxiety and depression as it has a great influence on mood and stress levels
- Learning and thinking - exercise promotes production of proteins in the brain that are critical for learning
- Bone and muscle health - strong bone and muscles can be achieved and maintained through exercise, which helps to maintain an overall level of function
- Sleep - exercising may help you fall asleep quicker and stay asleep for longer
- Lifespan is thought to be increased by a healthy lifestyle.
What can you do?It really is as simple as going for a walk, joining a group or a class, many of which are highly accessible and free or relatively cheap. Start with little and as often as possible and increase as it becomes a normal part of your day to day life. If you are unsure how to start making your life more active, contact a health professional, or call us on 1800 992 999 to see a physiotherapist for more assistance!
For more information:
The Role of Exercise in Injury Preventionhttps://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-strateg-phys-act-guidelines#npa1864 https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html


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The Crnkovic Yugoslavian Tomato is a full flavored, mid-sized bright red tomato that has a perfect beefsteak shape that is juicy inside.
The Jet Star Tomato is a long time favorite and industry standard hybrid tomato with a high sugar content that masks acidity.
The Paul Robeson Tomato is an old fashioned Russian heirloom that has a very tasty flesh that is juicy with a great acid and sweet balance.
The Pink Girl Tomato produces beautiful, smooth, juicy and high quality pink tomatoes that can be enjoyed all summer long!
The Speckled Roman Tomato variety is a beautiful colored tomato and when mature, has a bright red skin with golden streaks.


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There likely won't be any front-page farewell tributes to Dan Duquette, the former executive vice president of operations who the Orioles yesterday announced would not be returning.
Unlike former manager Buck Showalter, whose contract was also not renewed, Duquette never had clever turns of phrase or outwardly embraced the city in a way fans could appreciate, remembrances mentioned in The Sun's story weighing fans' reactions to the skipper's departure. Duquette was the strait-laced baseball man, and in interviews, he seemed as careful about what he didn't say as much as what he did, sometimes making him come off as affectless.
But if Showalter gets credit for leading the Orioles back to the playoffs and into a stretch of winning that lasted from 2012-2016, Duquette must be recognized as the architect. Yes, he inherited a great core that included Adam Jones, Matt Wieters, Nick Markakis and Chris Davis in the majors, along with Manny Machado and Jonathan Schoop in the minors. But what made Duquette great in Baltimore was his ability to make shrewd moves that surrounded that core with a cast of players to push them over the top.
Conversely, he and Showalter both must share the blame for a 47-115 season–the worst record in franchise history and one of the worst in the history of modern baseball.
It was in that context, as this disastrous campaign wound to a close, that an earlier report came out suggesting Showalter would be gone but Duquette would be re-signed. Many fans dismissed this as absurd, placing the blame for the lack of talent on the field at Duquette's feet. But it's not as crazy as it sounds when you consider the handicaps placed on whoever's running the Baltimore Orioles and the groundwork that has been laid for the future. Maybe he deserved more respect than he got. Here are three reasons why.
1. Being GM of the Orioles is like running a team with one hand tied behind your back, and he made it work.
Principal owner Peter Angelos, who has reportedly ceded control of the franchise to his sons, John and Lou, has a well-established reputation as a meddling owner who inserts himself into personnel decisions. That includes nixing trades or free agent signings, or in one of the worst cases, taking over negotiations (more on that later).
One of the most questionable choices Angelos made during his stewardship was his complete lack of investment in international free agents, a source of considerable major league talent that practically every other club taps into. As Baseball America observed earlier this year, "Ownership's disregard for international signings continues to damage the franchise, leaving the Orioles farm system nearly devoid of homegrown international prospects."
Duquette was left to trade away international pool money for prospects–some became big-league contributors, others did not.
It wasn't until this summer, when it was painfully clear the Orioles would need to undergo a rebuild and dealt away star infielder Manny Machado, that Duquette won concessions from ownership to invest more money in scouting and the international market.
To top it all off, the emergence of Brady Anderson–an Angelos family confidant–as vice president of baseball operations reportedly undermined Duquette's ability to do his job and created confusion within the organization. As The Athletic's Dan Connolly points out (paywall), this situation is still unresolved as the Orioles go about picking the next person to lead the front office. Which leads us to…
2. The worst contracts on the books are not Duquette's fault.
A particularly bleak ritual of watching the 2018 Orioles was seeing Chris Davis go up to the plate and fail again and again and again. His .168 batting average is the lowest of any qualifying hitter in baseball history. Like it or not, the Orioles are stuck with Davis for another four years, and owe him a bunch of deferred money even after that.
The extension, signed in 2016 after Davis hit 47 home runs and 117 RBI, would seem to fall squarely on the shoulders of Duquette, the man in charge of acquiring and resigning players. But no, this goes back to Angelos' meddling–this time in an effort to make sure a deal got done, rather than blocking it.
Angelos met with Davis' agent, Scott Boras, and talked with the slugger on the phone, offering the first baseman a sense of comfort an extension would be worked out. And even though the team's initial offer was rejected and there was seemingly no other club courting Davis, the team upped the annual salary anyway, essentially bidding against themselves.
Not long after the ink dried, the contract proved to be a terrible one, and it currently is an anchor on the franchise as the rebuild continues to take shape. As Orioles reporter Britt Ghiroli tweeted yesterday, Davis accounts for 40 percent of the money committed to next year's payroll all by himself.
And then there's Anderson. He reportedly played a key role in bringing back reliever Darren O'Day and right fielder Mark Trumbo following the 2016 season. Both regressed and dealt with injuries; O'Day was shipped off to the Atlanta Braves in July as a salary dump, while Trumbo will likely be back next season.
Heading into this year, Anderson brokered deals for pitchers Andrew Cashner, Alex Cobb and Chris Tillman. As ESPN reported: "Two sources cited examples of players or agents reaching out to Anderson when they thought Duquette was taking too tough a stance in contract talks. The blurred lines can reflect the lack of a unified front and pose a temptation for players and/or agents to try to do an 'end around' and circumvent the process."
Tillman, once an Oriole great, flamed out, and both Cashner and Cobb performed well below expectations.
3. Duquette had the minor league system heading in the right direction even before the trade deadline.
Often disparaged by national publications, something that drew Duquette's ire, the Orioles' farm system has improved by leaps and bounds in recent years. To be clear, there were some rough years in the early going, but Duquette, director of scouting Gary Rajsich and director of player development Brian Graham clearly landed on a system that works.
Case in point: The 2015 draft started paying dividends this year, with outfielders DJ Stewart and Cedric Mullins and pitcher Ryan Meisinger all making their major league debuts. Two other draftees from that class, third baseman Ryan Mountcastle and outfielder Ryan McKenna, should be knocking on the door soon.
With each successive draft, the Orioles added multiple prospects that, at the very least, show the potential to make the big leagues. In 2016 there were starting pitchers Keegan Akin and Brenan Hanifee and outfielder Austin Hays (first-round selection Cody Sedlock has been beset by injuries, but still could prove to be a valuable piece). A year later, they took starting pitchers D.L. Hall, Michael Baumann and Cameron Bishop, and infielder Adam Hall.
While it's still a bit early to assess 2018, the early returns on starters Grayson Rodriguez, Drew Rom and Kevin Magee are promising.
Sure, not all of these guys will pan out, but that's true of of every team's prospects. The difference between the Orioles of 2012 and the Orioles now is that more players are having success in the minors, which often leads to success in the majors. Add in all the players acquired in the trades of Machado, Schoop and reliever Zach Britton, and it's clear the foundation for the next great Orioles team has been set.
That team will now be run by someone else.
- Friday Afternoon Headlines: Families face child care dilemma; expiring unemployment benefits worry workers, state leaders; and more - July 31, 2020
- Guinness Open Gate Brewery marks two years with two new beers - July 31, 2020
- Thursday Afternoon Headlines: University System of Maryland mandates testing; Baltimore's positivity rate remains high; and more - July 30, 2020


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When it comes to dog food comparison, it isn't always easy to pick the best kind as each option has its pros and cons. The tricky thing is also the fact that dog food is subdivided into dry, wet, grain free and raw. as a dog owner, you can't risk giving your furry friend bad dog food, so it is important that you know which kind is best.
Most times you buy dog food based on the fact that you see a dog on the packet, and not because you know the food type. As you know, a fed dog is a happy dog, so don't let your favorite four legged creature stay hungry this season, or any season to come. For this purpose, we want to give you a run down on which dog food is actually best for your dog.
Just like humans, each dog is different. Some dogs may prefer dry dog food to wet, while some may still be eating puppy foods even when they're fully grown. Also, dogs have allergies too, hence, there is no particular 'best' dog food. It all depends on which your dog prefers over the other, which one doesn't affect his allergies or which is actually best for its breed.
However, we're still going to give you a rundown on which dog food is killing it in 2019.
For puppies
Puppies are at their most sensitive stage. They should be fed based on the requirements for their breed, to prevent ailments like hip dyslexia. Examples of dog food for puppies include:
- Taste of the wild – This is good for puppies of larger breeds and is highly recommended based on its nutrients.
- Diamond naturals – This is perfect for smaller breed puppies. It contains 36% of protein, 24% fat and 32% carbohydrate, giving your puppies a balanced meal.
- Whole earth – This contains a 40% protein count with fat and carbohydrate. It is also for small and medium breed puppies.
Dry dog food
Before getting this for your dog, be aware of the ingredients, coloring agents, fat-to-protein ratio and preservatives attached to it. The best ones include:
- Annamaet Grain Free – This is highly recommended as it contains 41% carbs, 33% protein and 18% fat.
- Taste of the wild – This has a protein percentage that's above average and carbs percentage that's less than average when compared with normal dry dog food.
Wet dog food
Likewise, all preservatives and ingredients need to be fully scrutinized before purchase.
- Taste of the wild – This is 5star rated. It constitutes a fine blend of ingredients and nutrients, perfect for your dog.
- Instinct original – This isn't actually good for dogs of larger breeds, but it contains 48% protein, 39% fat and 6% carbs, giving your dogs the sweet nutrients they deserve.
There are still a host of other types of dog food, but do remember this: Be sure of the calcium level if you're feeding puppies and also the preservatives added, if they're cancerous or not. Your dog's satisfaction and life matters too.


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Welcome to
Abbey Physic Community Garden
Providing companionship, therapeutic activities, training and skill building for people
with mental health issues, those who are socially isolated and everyone in the wider community.
Garden Open For Members
Tuesday 15th September
The Abbey Physic Community Garden is now open for members six days a week, with nearly all of our regular activities up and running again. We are holding morning and afternoon sessions on a weekly rota basis - please contact firstname.lastname@example.com, or call 01795 539915 to book your slot.
Anyone can become a member and come to the garden. To become a member, please contact us as above, or you can join online by subscribing through Paypal on our membership page and downloading a membership form to bring to the garden with you by clicking below:
We rely on donations.
Email or visit our social media links for other news, comments and event updates.
Have a look at some of the things we do.
Everyone welcome, get in contact and join in, we'd love to see you.
Horticulture Training
Come and train in horticulture and get to know how to grow.
Community Kitchen
Join our cookery sessions and get skilled up, motivated and ignite your spark.
Ground Force Action Team
Help to build sustainable wildlife areas in the heart of Faversham.
Faversham Men's Shed
Shoulder to shoulder.
You are guaranteed a warm welcome.
Art & Crafts
Sessions run throughout the year.
Art, willow basketry, soap-making plus so much more.
Happy Café
Action for Happiness
Come for the coffee and stay for the conversation.
Growing a Healthy Community
What we offer
We actively support people isolated by their mental or physical health, or social and economic disadvantage, and we give them a community to feel a part of. The APCG offers a healing space for all, regardless of age, culture or ability.
- We help breakdown social isolation through informal networking by providing a space to meet casually, to relax and de-stress.
- Participation can support members improve their ability to manage thoughts, emotions and build social relationships.
- Improve confidence to support members natural ability to learn and acquire skills, ultimately enabling full participation in their community.
- We focus on the Garden's ability to affect good mental and physical health.
Who we are for
For many people it is a delightful destination during a pleasant day out. For others who take a different path to the Physic Garden, it is a far more meaningful place.
You will find a peaceful refuge from a life outside which may be chaotic or troubled.
The benefits that people gain include social connections, self-confidence, physical and emotional well-being, and not least the simple knowledge that people care for them.
Opening times (revised January 2020)
10am - 2pm Monday
10am - 2pm Tuesday (training only)
10am - 2pm Wednesday
10am - 2pm Thursday
10am - 2pm Friday
11am - 3pm Saturday
11am - 2pm Sunday
Due to unforeseen circumstances we occasionally aren't able to open at these times. If you are planning a special visit please feel free to contact us first.
Why we are needed
We know the statistic of 1 in 4 experiencing mental health issues, and we know rates of self-harm in the UK are the highest in Europe.
We also know that people with mental health issues are amongst the least likely of any group with long-term mental health issues to:
- Find work
- Be in a long-term relationship
- Live in decent housing
- Be socially included in mainstream society
Research from Time to Change shows the best way to challenge discrimination and stereotypes is through first-hand contact with people with experience of mental health issues.
That is why we are open to everyone, the wider community, schools and groups, over 5,000 visitors a year and participate in many annual community events.
Why APCG?
Better for our members
Improved mental health, less social isolation, new friends and more consumption of healthy food are just some of the benefits that people enjoy from taking part in the garden and its activities.
Better for the environment
As well as gardening organically we garden sustainably, following the principles of Permaculture and act as a Land Learning Centre in conjunction with the Permaculture Association.
Better for the community
In 2019 over 6,000 people visited the garden.
As well as local people we welcomed visitors from countries in Europe, Australia, and even a South Korean film crew who spent a day documenting what we do to take the gardening for health message back home.


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Gwen Stefani Shows Off Sexy Black Bra In Tank Top Taking Kids To Ice Cream Museum — Pics
This is bananas! Gwen Stefani brought her three sons to LA's Museum of Ice Cream where they bathed in sprinkles and played among popsicles. We've got the adorable pics where the singer rocked a sexy black bra!
Gwen Stefani is so sexy she can't even tone it down just a little for an innocent trip with her kids to LA's Museum of Ice Cream. The 47-year-old rocked a lacy black bra that was totally visible underneath her cut-out white tank top while she and her three sons had the time of their lives playing among the displays devoted to all things ice cream on Aug. 21. It just so happened to be middle son Zuma's ninth birthday, so it looks like a really yummy way to celebrate along with his brothers Kingston, 11, and Apollo, three.
The singer lives for her Snapchat account so of course her fans got to come along on the fun family trip. Unfortunately her sweetie Blake Shelton, 41, wasn't there for the festivities which is such a shame. He's a total kid at heart and probably would have had a complete blast, especially being able to play with Gwen's boys, which he is so good at! See pics of Gwen's three sons, right here.
The Voice judge showed off that she was having as much fun as her little ones, posing in the giant sprinkle pool with her arms spread out and her legs in the air. But the day wasn't all about her, as she shared pics the boys having a blast among the plastic versions of the sweet treats. Since she's the OG Hollaback Girl OF COURSE she posed next to the giant wall of bananas, because it would have been b-a-n-a-n-a-s if she hadn't! Gwen also took a sweet pic with her birthday boy Zuma as he was downing a spoonful of ice cream and shared another adorable photo of herself surrounded by her three handsome sons on a dripping pink bench while the boys where downing the yummy stuff out of cones. What a great place to celebrate her son's birthday and make it the cutest family affair ever!
HollywoodLifers, do you think Gwen has the cutest kids in Hollywood? If not, who does?


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"First of all, for me wine is a source of passion that allows you to share emotions and the most beautiful emotion that you can feel after having satisfied your taste buds is to do a good deed, thanks to wine.
For this reason, during these years, I decided to launch a solidarity project to collect funds to support associations on our territory. So, we started off with an annual charity event, organized with Maria Luisa Quaglieri of IOM JESI VALLESINA ONLUS and a four-handed artistic project with Catia Uliassi in favor of the Dr. Dante Paladini Onlus Foundation of Ancona. Concrete projects of solidarity that each year allow us to achieve important results with those associations involved.
By now "Light the Hope" has become the motto of Azienda Santa Barbara that each year organizes an event at its wine cellar for the purpose of collecting funds in favor the IOM JESI VALLESINA ONLUS association. The formula created by Stefano Antonucci is quite simple: the proceeds made from the purchase of the entry tickets will be totally donated to the association, the entry ticket gives a right to three wines of the Azienda Santa Barbara accompanied by the same number of dishes purposely created by famous restaurants in the Marche region. In the 2016 and 2017 edition, the stars of the show were the famous sandwiches made by the chef Mauro Uliassi, the "zighini' of Rincrocca and the summer lasagna by the chef Alessio Brocani. The tie between the wine company Santa Barbara and IOM JESI VALLESINA ONLUS in the previous editions achieved excellent results that allowed the association to increase their activities of support and give aid to their patients. Last year's success allowed the purchase of a portable electrocardiograph, this year's objective has been to purchase a car for the operators of the Onlus association.
The Iom Jesi Vallesina Onlus Association, currently directed by Maria Luisa Quaglieri, founded in 1996, since the beginning had the main purpose of assisting cancer patients for free at home. Year after year new projects have been started and new challenges have been faced to satisfy the requests and needs of the patients and their families in the most efficient and best manner possible. Today the structure is able serve 24/7, thanks to the collaboration of the family doctors, the head physicians and hospital doctors, four full time professional nurses and other part-time nurses and a Fundamental Social Health Operator. Furthermore, the work carried out by the psychologists who assist the patients and the families is fundamental and, to complete the medical assistance, a precious compasionale support is offered by a group of voluntary workers.
Santa Barbara family continues his commitment to take care of cancer sufferers: we donated a Citroën C3 Aircross to IOM Jesi e Vallesina with the proceeds of the 2019 Celebration. They were moments of great emotion during the inaugural ceremony of the Car of joy. Medical staff and volunteers of Iom Jesi Vallesina Onlus will use it to assist patients and their families. This donation has been possible thanks to your long time participation in our "Accendi la Speranza" Celebration, whose profit is entirely donated to IOM.
Another important project that Azienda Santa Barbara cares about is brought forward with Catia Uliassi for the Dr. Dante Paladini Foundation Onlus of Ancona, a no-profit organization engaged in supporting and aiding neuromuscular patients and, moreover, in the clinical research of the illnesses being suffered by these people. The idea started with the famous painter and restaurant owner in the Marche region, who every year creates the "labels – artworks" of the famous wine "Tardivo ma non Tardo" of the Cantina Santa Barbara. The profits obtained from the sales of each bottle is then partially donated to the Foundation.
The Dr. Dante Paladini Onlus Foundation of Ancona was created in 2008 while the operative activities were inaugurated simultaneously with the Clinical Center Institution for Neuromuscular Illnesses of the A.O. Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona. The purpose of the Onlus is to improve the quality of life of the people with neuromuscular diseases and at the same time slow down the progress of the illness through more adequate care and thanks to the improvement of the research and the training of the doctors and nurses.
The Foundation can count on the presence of the founding partners, such as A.O. Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona and the Serena Foundation of Milan, a body made up by UILDM, AISLA, Telethon Foundation and the Niguarda Hospital, entities which have an excellent background in the field of research and in the care of neuromuscular illnesses.


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Ashli and Kody have a one of a kind love story. They met in middle school and became great friends. For Kody, however, he knew immediately that he wanted to be with Ashli! Kody even told her middle school boyfriend that he would one day "marry that girl"! Fast forward a few years later, they began dating in high school and they have been together ever since! Ten years later, they tied the knot on this charming southern venue. Incorporating bits of southern tradition, this wedding is what every southern bride dreams of!
Kody and Ashli had a cruised planned for September 2015 with Kody's parents. It was Kody's mother who encouraged him to propose while on the cruise. However, Kody's mother passed away in March 2015. With all the sadness that the year had brought, a proposal was the last thing that Ashli was expecting! Ashli and Kody surprised his father with their closest friends and family also taking part of the cruise, but the biggest surprise was for Ashli during formal night when Kody proposed! It was THE most unexpected moment of Ashli's life but by far, one of the happiest.
The couple wanted a wedding that reflected their personality: laid back and southern, while also incorporating elegance. Ashli loves the vintage farmhouse chic style, so Ashli and Kody were excited to find Copper Ridge! Copper Ridge is a southern styled venue that looks like a barn on the outside; while the inside wall's are covered in shiplap (Ashli's favorite!) with wood beams and vintage accents!
To compliment the venue; the couple chose burgundy and navy as their colors, with hints of whites, yellows, and blues. The bridesmaids wore long, flowy, high neck burgundy dresses while the guys wore navy suits and burgundy skinny ties to match. Kody chose to wear a floral tie that complimented well with the colors! Ashli chose a strapless, lace, A-line, ivy gown that accentuated Ashli beautifully! The bride incorporated blue hydrangeas (Kody's mother's favorite flower) into her bouquet and through all of the centerpieces. The bridesmaid's bouquets consisted of white hydrangeas and greenery, while the groomsmen used wreaths made out of greenery to use as their boutonniere.
Ashli and Kody wanted to make sure to incorporate Kody's mother into every aspect of their wedding. Not only did they incorporate his mother's favorite flower into their wedding, but Kody's ring was made from his parent's wedding bands melted together. Ashli gave Kody a pin with a picture of his mother as his bridal gift. Kody also walked down the aisle holding a picture of his mother. For the reception, the couple chose to feature a memory table for all of the loved who had passed during their lifetime. Ashli wore a piece of his mother's wedding dress around her wedding bouquet and at the end of the night, Ashli and Kody toasted to their wedded bliss with his parent's champagne flutes! How sweet!
We love it when couples bring pieces of their heritage into their wedding, and Ashli and Kody's southern tradition is one of the best! Ashli and Kody partook in the tradition of burying the bourbon! Thirty days before their wedding, the bridal party went out to the ceremony site and dug a hole and buried a bottle of bourbon. The purpose is to ward off bad weather and it worked! The day of the wedding, the guys went out and dug it up and each bridal party member took a turn taking a sip from the bottle!
Ashli and Kody shared with us that investing into a fantastic photographer was the number one priority when it came to wedding planning. Otherwise, they went with what they wanted and what seemed like the best fit for the couple. Their advice for your wedding is to try to plan everything way ahead of time and finalize every last detail at least three weeks before the big day. This way, when something does come up, it isn't quite as stressful as leaving it to the last minute. Ashli and Kody also tells us to remember to take in every moment when you walk down the aisle. Ashli told us that her favorite moment is seeing Kodi's reaction when she came down the aisle. The love and emotion that poured out from Kody made his reaction beautiful to her. Kody also mentions that the couple dined privately in the bridal suite before being introduced to the guests. This allowed them to mingle with their guests while also having a moment to enjoy being husband and wife. We loved getting to share this southern rustic wedding and hope you love it as well!
Photography: Missy Loves Jerry | Ceremony Venue: Copper Ridge on the Neuse | Reception Venue: Copper Ridge on the Neuse | Event Planning: Party Perfection Weddings +Events | Floral: Avalon Event Floral | Videography: 85 Film | Wedding Cake: Kim Cake | Rentals: Charming & Quaint | Hair: Hunter Sanders | Makeup: Katy Lynn Osborne | Catering: Strange & Son's Catering | Wedding Dress: Carolina Bridal World | Groom's Attire: The Wedding Elf


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