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Tulip Tapestry Fabric / Orange
Tulip Tapestry fabric is available in two colourways, red and orange.
Made from polyester/cotton. This traditional fabric would make stylish curtains and is also suitable as an upholstery fabric. Buy fabrics online or from one of our fabric shops in the heart of the Cotswolds, where you can view a wide range of clearance fabric at discount prices along with our regular lines.
- Type: Regular Fabric
- Pattern Repeat: 62cm
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Planting For Others To Harvest
It Will Be Theirs
Fruits, berries, nuts grow.
But they have to start sometime.
I plant for others.
They are in the ground!
It's a tradition.
Doing "unto others" is something I believe in, and it even relates to gardening.
Whether it is an extra few cucumber plants, even zucchini, that great source of potassium, it is part of my DNA from ancestors that I also plant "for others."
In the 1840's pioneer refugees going west in the United States planted crops for others they knew would follow, then moved on knowing that their efforts might mean life or death for other refugees.
My heritage applies in the case of four nut trees I have planted this year.
The two hazelnut and two Chinese chestnut trees I planted this year are not likely to bear their own nuts until after I am gone. But with proper care and watering the four trees may one day stand for my love of those who will one day enjoy them, as I will now enjoy watching them develop a future that will bless those others.
Does it matter that others might one day cut them down?
That will express their intent and be due, if it happens, to their exercise of their free agency to choose and act. But mine is mine today, and I choose to see different possibilities of "chestnuts roasting by an open fire" and hazelnut cookies, of beautiful, productive trees "that someone planted" and "a patch of productive land amidst its future surroundings."
Not every urban plot has to yield to man's driven desires for income, comfort, and convenience. Those too will be subjected to being "cut down" for other men's dreams and needs.
But today I planted some strawberries and blackberries I may be able to enjoy and share.
Meanwhile I will watch my gifts for someone else's enjoyment hopefully grow and thrive.
Wherever you are, Johnny Appleseed, I salute and understand you. There are many others who do also.
Other trees around the garden/orchard lot
This link from 2015 shows what else has been done with the quarter Acre side lot. As the trees grow and mature, springtime sees the lot full of blossoms and bees. Even the dandelions in grassy areas are harvested for their dandelion greens.
© 2017 Demas W. Jasper All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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And finally, the last three on the list of Berlin's ultimate abandoned spaces just waiting to be explored. In case you missed it, here's parts one and two.
Tempelhof Airport
You couldn't really call Tempelhof "abandoned", but it is definitely worth the visit. The former airport was built in the 1920s and used for military purposes during the various wars as well as a commercial airport up to 2008. Since then, the site's buildings remain in some form of use. As well, it's a popular spot for Berliners to hang out, picnic, jog and do whatever else people do in public parks.
Because of its size (more than 300 acres) Tempelhof has been a hot commodity for developers and city planners. It was the site of Berlin's first Lalapalooza festival, too. But not to fear, there are still plenty of spaces to discover!
The military seems to be a common theme in these abandoned spaces, doesn't it? Wünsdorf is no exception!
The former headquarters of the Soviet army in Germany was once home to 75,000 Soviet soldiers, women and children. Before that, it was the Nazis' underground bunker. And before that, it was used for military purposes of the Imperial German Army and Prussian Army.
Whew, that's a lot of ammunition.
During the time of the Soviets, the locals knew Wünsdorf as "die verbotene Stadt" and were expressly banned from entering. What are left are remnants of a once bustling city, (also known as "Little Moscow"), which offered daily train departures to real Moscow.
Memories and ruins of shops, schools, nurseries, an enormous swimming pool, homes and even an intricate theatre are all that remain.
Oh, and two statues of a lonely Lenin, "maintaining some form of stoic dignity despite the fact he's covered in lichen and no one has even asked him how he's feeling for nearly 20 years," says Fahey.
Krampnitz Barracks
You guessed it, more abandoned military spaces. The Nazis used Krampnitz during World War II and the Soviets during the Cold War.
Today, the buildings stand abandoned since 1992, creaking with excitement when the occasional explorer pays a visit. Scraps of Russian newspaper are peeling from the walls, and vandalism is prevalent.
The pièce de résistance according to Fahey? A mosaic of an eagle grasping a swastika on the ceiling. Supposedly, all the Nazi imagery was painted over in red paint by the Soviets. I guess they missed just one…


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Minecraft "Bedrock" 1.2.10
Minecraft "Bedrock Edition" 1.2.10 has been released on February 7, 2018. for Android, iOS, Windows 10, Gear VR, Fire TV and Xbox One.
Minecraft 1.2.10 Servers
1 server
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|Adventure Economy Xbox Account
Minecraft 1.2.10 Changelog
- Gamepad cursor sensitivity can now be adjusted in Controller settings
- Increased tick radius range, which can be adjusted when creating or editing a world
Bug Fixes:
- Enabling the Mute toggle will no longer suppress non-chat messages like players leaving and joining
- Cartographer Villagers will now give maps for new Ocean Monuments and Woodland Mansions that are not in known generated chunks
- Fixed the hunger bar not filling up in converted Xbox One worlds
- Opening the chat screen with "/" no longer places the cursor before the slash
- Changed the error message that appeared when attempting to purchase content and not having enough Minecoins
- Players can no longer accidentally purchase marketplace content from the patch notes screen by repeatedly mashing the A button


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Visual and Performing Arts
Contact Information
Visual and Performing Arts
School of Arts and Humanities
Cultural Arts Center
Room 7101
f: 845-574-4454
Hours of Operation
- Mon - Fri : 8 am - 5 pm
- Patricia Maloney-Titland, Program Director
- Rosemary Witte, Program Assistant - Performing Arts/CAC Theater
- Christopher Plummer, Director of Cultural Arts Center Theater
- Stephen Burke, Dean
- Film Making Track
- Film Studies Track
- General Studies Track
- Theatrical Stage Combat Track
Meet our Faculty
Our distinguished faculty members include professionals in theater, television, songwriting, modern dance, playwriting and stage combat. Special workshops for students include world-renowned artists such as Royal Shakespeare Company actors and Fight Masters from the Society of American Fight Directors. In addition, among our 100 full-time and 400 part-time faculty members are numerous Fulbright Scholars, SUNY Chancellor's Award winners, published authors and artists. Average class size of 22 allows faculty members to work one-on-one with students.


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Tasting notes by Tamlyn Currin
Tamlyn is part of renowned wine critic Jancis Robinson's team - she is an excellent wine writer and manages the organisation's tasting notes.
"They've been making wine since 2015 from this vineyard. 40-year-old vines, mix of clones, and they're working pretty much organically with no herbicides or fertilisers. Meike Näkel does cold maceration and the fermentation starts spontaneously. 18 months in barrique, 60% new.
Really spicy nose with a hint of cedar, and then utterly gorgeous on the palate. A kaleidoscope; transparent, jewelled, glowing like a stained-glass window in the evening sunlight. It feels like a fine glass bauble in the mouth. Cranberry and pomegranate with cinnamon and pepper, baharat spice. Fine-boned tannins. Complex yet it moves with lightness and grace. All in harmony. Long."


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Registered: Jun 2012
Location: Port Clinton Ohio
Posts: 281
I have 1 male tan bully pup for sale. He is laid back & has been raised around children & 2 other dogs in the house. Asking $1300 OBO
I have 1 female blue/brindle bully pup for sale. She is full of the normal puppy energy & loves to run and play fetch. She has been raised around children & 2 other dogs. Asking $1000 OBO
We hate to have to sell these 2 but circumstances out of our control are forcing us to have to let them go. They are not brother & sister but have been together since we got them so they play well together. They are both UKC & ABKC registered, have all their shots & are microchiped as well.
Can send pictures if you're truly interested. Located in Marblehead, Ohio
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Still available. Make offer
James Minton
Minton's Still Water Kennel
"Where the blood runs red & the coon run scared"
GRNTCH Minton's Still Water Red Rooster rip
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PR Minton's Still Water red Rockit
GRNTCH nighty nite Goose
Lowering price on female to $800 and male to $1000
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Savings Tools You'll Love
Brita Coupon
There is a new Brita Coupon available to print. The coupon is for $3.00 on any Brita Longlast Filters (1 count) OR Brita Standard Filters (3 count). The coupon says "Redeemable at Walmart" however it is a regular manufacturer's coupon and can be used anywhere.
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Norwich City youngsters will benefit from playing in Checkatrade Trophy games, insists EFL chief
PUBLISHED: 14:17 29 March 2017 | UPDATED: 15:48 29 March 2017
©Focus Images Limited www.focus-images.co.uk +447814 482222
The controversial Checkatrade Trophy still has a strong future, English Football League chief executive Shaun Harvey has said.
Norwich City were one of the 16 clubs with category one academy status to accept an invitation to compete with clubs in League One and League Two in the tournament this season.
The Canaries entered their development squad into the competition and were one of eight invited clubs to reach the knockout stages, after comfortable wins over Peterborough, MK Dons and Barnet, before losing 1-0 to Swansea in the last 16.
• Peterborough United 1 Norwich City Under-23s 6
• Barnet 0 Norwich City Under-23s 5
• Norwich City Under-23s 4 MK Dons 1
• Norwich City Under-23s 0 Swansea City Under-23s 1
Most of the biggest clubs in the country declined to enter, some lower league clubs were fined for fielding weakened teams and average attendance fell to 1,404 from 3,221 in 2015/16.
Speaking ahead of this Sunday's final between Oxford United and Coventry City at Wembley, for which over 70,000 tickets have been sold, EFL boss Harvey remained confident about the Trophy's future prospects.
"Ultimately the comparison was a competition previously where clubs were as interested in getting knocked out in the first round as they were in getting to the final. That can't bode well for the longevity of the competition," he said.
"What we have created gives us a real opportunity of using this competition for the benefit of our clubs, the benefit of young players in this country and, as we will see on Sunday, the benefit of in excess of 70,000 fans hoping to cheer their side to victory."
The future of the competition is set to be decided by League One and Two clubs at a meeting on Saturday, April 11, with the lower clubs having shared £1.5m in prize money, up from £478,000 the previous season, and sponsorship income up by 35pc.
Of the players to take part, 27pc were England and under 21 years old, a rise from 23pc in 2015/16.
"There is no doubt this competition would benefit from the more senior, higher-profile clubs playing in it next year. They will make their own choice," Harvey continued, speaking to BBC Sport.
"The support we have had from the Category One clubs that did compete will make it a lot easier for those clubs to join next season when they can see, very clearly, the benefits that come from competing."
• Click here for all the latest Norwich City news and views
• Follow David Freezer on Twitter @davefreezer or on Facebook @DavidFreezer1
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Eastern Daily Press. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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The front door on the old Whitaker place creaked open, and Boaz straightened from his lean. The motorcycle behind him, Wilhelmina, didn't budge. She was built like a brick house, and it had been love at first sight across the crowded dealership floor. Too bad women didn't come with operation manuals. Maybe then he'd have more luck understanding what made them tick, or how he always managed to tick them off.
The curvy blonde who stood in the doorway was just his type, which was a good thing, given she had agreed to marry him.
Gathering the takeout bags off Willie's handlebars, he set his smile into familiar lines then approached.
"Sorry I kept you waiting." Adelaide clutched the halves of her robe together at her throat. "I wasn't expecting company tonight."
The leather boots were the lace-up kind you wore to make a statement, usually a sexual one, but on her he couldn't puzzle out what they meant. She wore them underneath a ratty green housecoat that fit what he knew of her personality. The sultry/slumpy combination confused the hell out of him. Still mulling over her choice in loungewear, he didn't think to ask how she beat him inside without him noticing her park or enter.
Unless… Had she been here the whole time?
Boaz didn't know her well enough to call her on a lie he wasn't certain she had told, and it wasn't like he was sharing his life story with her all in one sitting, so he didn't push her for explanations.
Still, the flush in her cheeks fit with a woman who had run down the stairs to greet him, convincing him she had been up in her room. Maybe with a lover? Why else the red face? The slight breathlessness that didn't come from her attraction to him. So far, she had shown none. That worked for him. For once, he wasn't eager to jump straight to the physical.
"No problem." His gut knotted so hard at the thought of sex the smell of takeout made him want to run to the nearest bush and vomit. "I wasn't waiting long."
I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry.
Two words stuck on repeat in his head. Damn it. At this point, he couldn't say he if he meant them for her or for Grier or for both.
Maybe he meant them for himself too.
Goddess, I don't want to be here. I want to go home. I want to pretend none of this happened—not Amelie's arrest, not her disownment, and not this attempt to fix it—and for our lives to go back to normal.
This must be the karma he had been warned so many times would jump up and bite him on the ass one of these days. Well, sure enough, it had finally sunk its teeth in him and was having a good chew at his expense.
"That smells delicious." Adelaide retreated behind the door, only her hands and head visible, but it didn't erase the memory of those boots or the light dust coating them. "Let's eat in the living room. The kitchen feels empty these days."
Medical bills had drained the Whitakers' coffers until a rundown house, a rare beauty in its day, was all they had to show for their station. They were an old family, a well-respected one, and most importantly— They were too poor to be picky about Adelaide accepting him to be used as damage control for his own family name.
"Works for me." He carried the food in and waited on her to direct him. "Do you have any beer?"
"I don't drink." A slight hesitation then she cleared her throat. "Beer, I mean."
So much for the hope alcohol might numb him to this required courtship, not that she was bad company. Her father was nice enough, but Boaz had yet to see the man sober. He struck Boaz as a scotch or whiskey drinker. He should have asked for that instead of a beer, but it was too late to backtrack now.
"That's fine." He flashed a practiced smile and received the expected response in the corresponding curve of her lips. "Water?"
"We might be poor," she said, shutting the door behind him, "but we can afford sweet tea for guests."
Kicking himself in the ass, he faced her. "That's not what I—"
"I'm kidding." She tucked the robe tighter until she became an Adelaide burrito. "Three doors down on your left is the living room. I'll grab what we need and meet you there."
Afraid he might trip over his tongue again, he kept it simple. "Okay."
On his way past the staircase, he couldn't help noticing more of the dirt that dusted her boots had left prints on the carpet runner. The rest of the house was spotless, though he doubted they could afford help for the cleaning. That told him she was no stranger to hard work. Anything this family had, he felt certain was owed to Adelaide. And here she was, with him, ready to sacrifice herself yet again. He respected the hell out of her for that, and he hated himself a little more for taking advantage, but not enough to halt the proceedings.
The living room was shabby but comfortable, and its threadbare furniture put him at ease.
You're a bull in a China shop.
That was his mother's go-to description of him, and she hadn't been wrong when he was a teen, forever bumping into her knickknacks and breaking her doodads. The army helped him grow up, and the Elite polished him to a shine, but he still hated elegant spaces decorated with breakables and baubles that served no purpose but to spark insecurities in visitors.
A wall of gloomy portraits distracted him from thoughts of his own family, and he didn't hear Adelaide until she placed cups, plates, and utensils on the low coffee table with soft clinking noises.
Cranking his head toward her, he watched her set their places. She hesitated over the second one every time, as if reminding herself to put out two of everything instead of one. It led him to believe she ate in here often, and alone. That wasn't the only thing he noticed about her.
"Nice shoes." He set his jaw, but it was too late. Might as well roll with it. "You like frogs?"
"Love them." She waved him over and took the food to begin plating it. "They're adorable."
She stuck out one leg and rotated her foot, showing off a plush treefrog house slipper she hadn't been wearing earlier. The top of her foot was red with creases from the bootlaces, but he refrained from mentioning them. She would tell him if it was any of his business. Until they got married, she was free to play dress-up with other men. It's not like he could ding her when his mind drifted back to Savannah every time he let himself slip.
Forgive me, Grier. Goddess knows you deserve better.
Damn it.
Even his own mind refused to cut him a break, not that he deserved one.
"You okay?" Adelaide paused. "You look like you're hurting. Headache?"
Heartache, but he couldn't tell her that. "I skipped lunch."
"I'll grab you some ibuprofen." She passed him a glass of tea. "Drink that. The caffeine will help."
Head cocked, he watched her dash into the kitchen, heard her too. So her shoes weren't to blame for her earlier stealth. Now that was interesting. Not many people could sneak up on him, but she had with no problem. Silent appeared to be her default, as if she had to remind herself to make noise.
The suspicion blossoming in his gut wilted when she opened a cabinet, and he spotted the rows upon rows of medicine bottles that must have belonged to her little sister. Adelaide must have taught herself to be quiet for Hadley's sake. Or, depending on how long their father had been an alcoholic, for her own.
Thanks to Boaz's mother disowning his little sister, he had lost Amelie in name but not in the flesh. He could see her, talk to her, hold her. Amelie might not be a Pritchard anymore, but she was still alive. Adelaide had lost her sister and her mother, and he felt like an ass for admitting that it had made her all the more appealing.
Amelie couldn't be a Pritchard again, that ship had sailed, but she could become a Whitaker. She might not be his sister legally, thanks to the disinheritance, but she could become his sister-in-law if the muleheaded imp took advantage of the opportunity he had arranged and stepped into the deceased Hadley Whitaker's shoes.
Adelaide ought to have kicked his ass from here to the moon for asking her to turn her misfortune to his advantage, but she was as desperate as him. Neither of them could look too close at the other for fear their golden ticket might start flaking and reveal the tarnish underneath.
Arm braced on the cabinet door, Adelaide hung her head and sucked in a deep breath, girding her loins for dealing with him. A problem most women were happy to have. He liked her better for the glimpses of her struggle. That she was fighting to make the best of their situation, the same as him, meant something. What, he couldn't say, but something.
Glancing away, he gave her privacy, and noted a gleaming pair of keys tossed in a decorative bowl on one of the side tables next to the couch. The dull set beneath it must belong to the dinged-up sedan he spotted in the garage, the one she drove to their first meeting. Unless he was mistaken, and a gearhead like him never was when it came to cars, that was the Ferrari logo on the fob.
"Here you go."
Caught snooping, Boaz bristled like a spooked cat. Damn but the woman was quiet as a wraith. "Thanks."
"No problem." She touched his shoulder, but there was nothing sexual in the press of her fingers. It was more of a guiding hand, urging him toward the food and away from the keys. "So…Keanu?"
Intrigued by her mysteries, he searched Adelaide's face for more than the exhaustion that plagued her, but he found no clues. "Only if you promise not to spoil the movie for me."
"I'm a talker." She winced. "I talk through them, over them, and after them."
"Can two people with differing movie ethics coexist without killing one another?"
"Put a TV in the bedroom if you need your own." She shrugged. "This one is mine. My TV, my rules."
The forty-inch flat screen was pristine but dated. Clearly Adelaide took care of what was hers.
Encouraging as far as revelations go, but it made that damn noose of obligation cinch tighter. He didn't need a caretaker. He needed…
Grinding his teeth, he clamped down on that useless line of thought.
This wasn't about his needs. Otherwise, he would be sitting on a couch in Woolworth House, stealing kisses—or trying to—from Grier. This was about family, about keeping his word, and about being the man Adelaide deserved.
"Bedroom?" He took a seat on the sofa beside her. "I figured you would move to Savannah with me."
"Oh. Yeah. I plan on it." Her voice softened. "I wasn't thinking there for a minute."
As the eldest daughter, she had inherited the title of Matron Whitaker. Had their finances not suffered, she would have brought a man into her family, into her house, and given him her last name. Instead, she had agreed to give up that title in favor of becoming Matron Pritchard. Losing her identity had to hurt, but his hands were tied. That was one line in their marriage contract he would not strike.
"You're welcome to stay here, as long as you can handle your duties remotely." He hadn't meant to make the offer, but her expression begged him for some glimmer of hope he provided on reflex. "My parents are in good health, and there's my little brother to consider too. We've got a packed house." He tucked into his meal. "That doesn't mean I can't make room for you, and your dad, but you've got options."
"Dad won't leave this house." She toyed with her food, pushing it across her plate. "As much as I'll miss him, I won't miss it. I'm looking forward to a fresh start, away from all the memories."
"There's no rush," he assured her. "We can take this as slow as you like."
"I appreciate that." Her timid smile told him she was still trying, and he couldn't ask for more than that. "I could use more time for Dad to adjust to the idea of me leaving, though. I'll need to set up housekeeping too, since I won't be around to clean or cook for him."
"I'll make it happen." He didn't imagine the relief in her expression, or the quick lash of her temper for daring to let someone else shoulder a burden that was hers. "You can pick the housekeeper, and I'll vet them."
"Ah." She stabbed a dumpling with her fork. "You don't trust my judgment, but you want brownie points for framing the offer as if you do."
Prickly, prickly. Handling her when money was involved might require wearing gloves.
"The person you choose for the job is up to you. I won't interfere with that decision. I just want to make sure we're leaving your dad with someone we can trust to take care of him."
Just like that, she and he were a we.
The room spun around its edges, and his throat grew tight. This was moving too fast. Way too fast.
And Grier had no idea. No goddessdamn idea.
She would hate him for this, but not half as much as he despised his cultivated reputation for the message it would send her.
You're better than me, Grier, better than I ever will be. I hope you know that.
"Giving up control is hard for me." Adelaide kept nudging her food back and forth. "You don't deserve me snapping at you." She angled her head toward him but not her eyes. "You've been very kind, about everything."
"We're in this together." For better or for worse. "We'll figure it out."
"Together," she whispered, as if trying it on to see how it fit.
The phone in his pocket buzzed, and he checked the caller ID. "I have to take this."
"No problem." She ditched her fork for the remote. "I'll get the movie set up before our food gets cold."
Standing, he walked across the room for a modicum of privacy. "Boaz."
"We got another one." Chambers exhaled across the receiver. "This one down at the railroad museum."
"I'll be right there." Boaz itched to get moving. "Hold the cleaners off as long as you can."
Adelaide rose as he ended the call. "Work?"
"Yeah." He scrubbed a hand over his prickly scalp. "Looks like I can't stay after all."
"No problem." She tossed the remote aside. "I'll walk you out."
An honest laugh escaped him. "That eager to get rid of me?"
"No," she said, dragging out the word like she was still making up her mind. "I was remembering what you said about a case keeping you in town. I didn't want you to think you had to stay on my account."
An hour or two made no difference to the dead. Boaz could have blown off work, plopped back down, and gotten to know Adelaide better on her home turf. That's what he should have done, but he was a coward.
When Adelaide stared at him, his future looked back, and he couldn't see Grier even on the periphery. The loss gutted him. So, yeah. He could have stayed and done the fiancé thing, played his role, but she gave the impression of being just as eager to get rid of him as he was to escape her.
"Night, Adelaide."
"Goodnight, Boaz."
Goddess, this was it, wasn't it? The beginning. So why did it feel so much more like the end?


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COVID-19 information and resources. Visit our Coronavirus website.
Library of the Future Task Force
Mission and Responsibilities
As its overarching responsibility, the Library of the Future Taskforce shall
Phase 1: review Wright State Dunbar Library services and collections with respect to faculty teaching and scholarship needs and to student learning and research needs and make the results of this review available to the Faculty for discussion.
Phase 2:
To that end, Taskforce shall consult with the Buildings and Grounds, IT, and Policies Committees, Student Government, Graduate Council and the Office of the Provost to gather data and review documentation as needed.
Phase 1 shall be completed and the results reported prior to the December 2015 meeting of the Faculty Senate. The Taskforce shall forward its Phase 2 recommendations to the Faculty President prior to the April 2016 meeting of the Faculty Senate.
Members of the committee shall be appointed by the Senate Executive and shall evenly represent faculty's scholarly and teaching needs with respect to the Wright State Library system. The committee shall be co-chaired by a faculty member appointed by the Senate Executive and the Associate Provost for Faculty and Staff Affairs. The Provost shall name representatives from the Library, CATs and CTL who shall be non-voting, ex officio members of the committee. In addition, the committee may add additional non-voting members as needed to address specific questions raised during the review.


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Dr. Sheetu Raina1, Dr. Anupriya Sachar2
Ph.D., Deptt. Of Zoology, University of Jammu, J&K, India
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Visit for more related articles at International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
The present study examined the histological response induced by food deprivation in a fish, Labeo boga inhabiting Jammu waters. Stress of prolonged starvation results in alterations in the histological architecture of the haemopoietic organs viz., liver, head kidney and spleen leading to their dysfunctioning. Liver exhibited necrosis, distended sinusoids besides total degeneration. Kidney Showed tubular vacuolation and necrosis while necrosis and deposition of haemosiderin pigments were the causatives observed among splenic tissue during the experimental period of 60 days
|Stress, Haemopoietic tissue, Starvation, Labeo boga.
|Starvation is one of the important causative of fish mortality in nature and in aquaculture [1]. Long-term starvation can cause severe deformity in vital organs [2] and even mortality of fish. Starvation also exhibits a widespread histological degeneration in the haemopoietic organs of fish which can bring about alterations in their cellular architecture. Haemopoietic organs (liver, head kidney and spleen) have been reported to be the most sensitive tissues to be affected by starvation [3]. Structural alterations/degeneration of haemopoietic organs impairs its functional capacity (haemopoiesis) which may prove even fatal for the survival of fish. Thus histopathological alterations in haemopoietic organs can be utilized as tools in order to get a clear idea about the extent an organism is affected at tissue or cellular level [4 and 5]. Presently the exposure of fish Labeo boga to starvation period of 60 days has been observed to result in various histological alterations in the haemopoietic organs viz., liver, head kidney and spleen. Starvation may disrupt the haemopoeitic tissue by disintegrating the functional and structural properties which may directly affect the metabolism of fish and can definitely diminish its health fitness. The paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the methodology adopted for the research work. Section III represents the results of effect of starvation on liver, head kidney and spleen in the form of a, b and c section. Section IV and Section V reflects the discussion and conclusion part of the research work respectively.
|a) Sampling site The fish, L. boga (Ham.) for present study were netted from Nagrota stream of River Tawi. The area is located about 8-12 kms from Jammu city, J&k, India. b) Histological analysis After acclimatization, healthy specimens of Labeo boga (size ranging between 10-15cm) were divided into control and fasting group in triplicates. Each group contained ten individuals. Control groups were fed with commercially available pellet fish feed twice a day whereas the starved groups were deprived of food for an experimental period of 60 days. The test fishes were dissected open in ringer solution and their liver, head kidney and spleen were fixed in Bouin's fixative. After post fixation treatment and routine dehydration and clearing, these tissues were embedded in histowax of 54-56ºC. 5- 7 μm thick section of these was cut on microtome and stained using haematoxylin eosin stain.
|a) Liver The microscopic examination of the histology of liver in control group showed the presence of hepatocytes (H), blood sinusoids (S) and melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) (Fig. 1). Liver of starved fish depicted i) necrosis of hepatocytes and distension of sinusoids (DS) after 10 days of the experiment (N) (Fig. 2), ii) vacuolation of hepatocytes (V) (Fig. 3) after 20 days of the experiment iii) Massive distension of sinusoids and vacuolation was also observed after 40 days of the experiment (Fig. 4) iv) extensive vacuolation and sinusoidal distension resulted in overall degeneration of cellular architecture (DCA) of liver tissue and loss of hepatocellular mass by 50th day of starvation (Fig. 5) v) after 60 days of starvation, liver tissue depicted degeneration (TD) to such an extent that the hepatocytes were totally lost and the tissue was left with extensive distended sinusoids resulting in its decrease (Fig. 6). b) Head Kidney The histological examination of kidneys of control fish showed the presence of renal tubules (RT). The interstices of renal tubules were enriched with the haemopoietic tissue (HT) (Fig. 7) Kidneys of starved fish after 10 days of starvation exhibited i) mild tubular vacuolation (TV) (Fig. 8) ii) tubular vacuolation in kidney became more pronounced by day 20th of starvation (Fig. 9) iii) haemopoietic tissue was also observed to exhibit degenerative changes (Fig. 10), after 30 days of starvation period, iii) kidney tissue showed the initiation of process of necrosis of tubules (NT) and haemopoietic tissue (NHT) (Fig. 10) iv) necrotic tubules and haemopoietic tissue of kidney was observed to undergo acute degeneration from 50th day of starvation (Fig. 11), v) total degeneration (TD) of kidney was observed after 60 days of starvation, where tubules were seen to lose their normal architecture and the haemopoietic tissue appeared almost negligible (Fig. 12). c) Spleen The microscopic examination of histology of spleen of control fish showed the presence of red pulp (RP) and white pulp (WP). Splenic tissue also represented the dark staining melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) (Fig. 13) Histology of spleen in starved fish depicted i) initiation of mild necrosis (N) and presence of accumulated haemosiderin pigments (HP) (Fig. 14) by day 10th of starvation which got more pronounced at the end of 20 days of starvation (Fig. 15) ii) After 30 days of starvation, spleen tissue was seen to exhibit intense necrosis and even initiation of vacuolation (V) (Fig. 16) iii) after 50 days of starvation, acute degenerative changes (DC) were observed in splenic tissue (Fig. 17) iv) these changes became more and more acute and ultimately by day 60th day, spleen exhibited degeneration (TD) with almost total loss of normal cellular architecture (Fig. 18).
|Various histological alterations in the liver of starved fish exhibited necrosis, distension of sinusoids, vacuolation and degeneration of cellular architecture of liver tissue. Necrosis is an advanced and irreversible stage of degeneration and is characterized by dead hepatic cells. Pal [6], Sarkar et al. [7], Camarago and Martinez [8], Pathan et al. [9] and Radhakrishnan and Hemalatha [10] also reported necrosis of liver hepatocytes in different fishes following stress of starvation or xenobiotics. In the presently studied starved fish, necrosis appears to have caused damage and death of hepatic cells in the liver. Though liver has its own regenerating capacity [11] but under the influence of prolonged starvation, necrosis may cause degeneration of liver hepatocytes to such an extent that its regenerating power may get lost almost totally. This ultimately results in vacuolation of liver tissue thereby impairing its synthetic machinery and thereby may create an imbalance in the rate of synthesis and release of substances in the systemic circulation. Under the influence of prolonged starvation, therefore, it appears that liver hepatocytes lose their integrity (due to necrosis and vacuolation) and hence the energy reserves in the form of glycogen and lipids stored in hepatocytes may apparently get depleted. Since glycogen and lipids stored in liver hepatocytes are the only source of energy for the fish during starvation, their pronounced depletion provoked by starvation, lands the fish in extremely worst condition. Similar viewpoint has been put forth by Gisbert et al. [12] and Rios et al. [13] in fish liver tissue following starvation. Liver tissue of starved fish also depicted distension of sinusoids which became more massive as the experimental prolonged further. Distension of sinusoids seemingly may be due to the mechanical obstruction of blood supply to liver tissue. Therefore it is the combined effect of necrosis, vacuolation and distension of the sinusoids which seemingly appear to result in overall degeneration of the cellular architecture of liver tissue towards the end of the starvation period. The total degeneration of the liver tissue may definitely results in disruption of various metabolic processes including erythropoiesis. All these histopathological observations indicate that exposure of fish Labeo boga to prolonged starvation caused destructive changes in its liver tissue ultimately disrupting the functional efficiency of liver. Presently, microscopic examination of the head kidney of starved fish showed tubular vacuolation which became more pronounced with the advancement of the starvation period ultimately leading to necrosis of tubules and even haemopoietic tissue. The kidney tissue was observed to undergo total degeneration with loss of normal architecture of tubules and haemopoietic tissue by the end of starvation period. Such histological variations observed in kidney tissue are in conformity with the findings of Velmurugan et al. [14], Mohamed [15] and Prashanth [16] in fishes when exposed to different periods of starvation. . Degenerative changes in kidney tissue as observed presently can be causative of different excretory disorders and internal exaution. Moreover continuous decline in the volume of haemopoietic tissue of the kidney can lead to impairment of haemopoiesis. This may result in disruption in the blood forming efficiency of head kidney and hence inhibits further release of normal erythrocytes into the general circulation. Thus prolonged starvation degrades the normal architecture of the fish kidney thereby affecting its functional efficiency which has a direct influence on physiology of fish. Spleen of the starved fish exhibited conspicuous histological alterations viz., necrosis, appearance of haemosiderin pigments, vacuolation and total degeneration of the splenic tissue following prolonged starvation. Necrosis of splenic tissue followed by Vacuolation surfaced due to starvational stress. Spazier et al. [17] also observed necrosis and vacuolation in splenic tissue of European eel Anguilla anguilla following stress resulting in impairment of normal physiology of fish. Haemosiderin is one of the breakdown products of Hb from senescent and degenerated erythrocytes [18]. Deposition of haemosiderin leads to pathological state known as haemosiderosis. Hibiya [19] also reported haemosiderosis and attributed it to an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction in the spleen resulting eventually in a decreased number of mature erythrocytes in general circulation. Similar deposition of haemosiderin pigments has been observed in the spleen of presently studied starved fishes also.
|Under the influence of prolonged starvation, the histological architecture of splenic tissue manifested severe degeneration ultimately affecting its blood cell forming capacity i.e. both erythropoiesis as well as leucopoiesis.
|From the above discussion, it can be concluded that prolonged starvation caused structural abnormalities in the haemopoietic organs viz., liver, head kidney and spleen of the fish Labeo boga resulting in severe physiological problems. These conditions can cause even the death of the fish. The findings of the present histological investigations demonstrate a direct correlation between stress of starvation and histopathological disorders observed in several tissues. It is therefore recommended that long term food deprivation should be avoided in aquaculture to maintain healthy conditions for the better survival of fishes.
|The authors extend heartfelt thanks to the Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu for providing necessary facilities regarding the research work.
|[1] D. Margulies, "Assessment of the nutritional condition of larval and early juvenile tuna and Spanish mackerel (Pisces, Scombridae) in the Panama
Bight", Mar. Biol., Volume 115, pp. 317-330, 1993.
[2] E. Kjorsvik, T. Vandermeeren, H. Kryvi, J. Arnfinnson, and P.G. Kvenseth, "Early development of the digestive tract of cod larvae", Gadius morhua L., during start feeding and starvation", J. Fish Biol., Volume 38, pp. 1-15, 1991.
[3] G.A. Bisbal and D.A. Bengtson, "Description of the starving condition in summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, early life history stages", Fish Bull., Volume 93, 217-230, 1995
[4] K.S. Tilak, K. Veeraiah, and S. Vijaylakshmi, "Mixed toxicity of fenvalerate and monocrotophos to the freshwater fish Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala", J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., Volume 11, Number 3, pp. 163-168, 2001.
[5] A. Sachar, "Studies on effect of organic and inorganic pollutants on haematology, blood biochemistry and immune organs in some fishes of Jammu region". Ph.D Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 2012.
[6] M. Pal, "Bioassay studies under the ecotoxicological stress of chromium tri-oxide in a freshwater food fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch)". Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 2006
[7] B. Sarkar, A. Chatterjee, S. Adhikari, and S. Ayyappan, "Carbofuran and cypermethrin induced histopathological alterations in the liver of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and its recovery", J. Appl. Ichthyol., Volume 21, pp. 131-135, 2005.
[8] M.M.P. Camargo and C.B.R. Martinez, "Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream", Neotropical Ichthyology, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 327-336, 2007
[9] T.S. Pathan, S.E. Shinde, P.B. Thete, and D.L. Sonawane, "Histopathology of liver and kidney of Rasbora daniconius exposed to paper mill effluent", Research Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 5, Number 5, pp. 389-39, 2010.
[10] M.V. Radhakrishnan and S. Hemalatha, "Sublethal effects of cadmium chloride to liver of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Bloch)", American- Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences, Volume 2, Number 11, pp. 54-56, 2010.
[11] S.O. Ayoola, "Histopathological effects of glyphosate on juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)", Ameri-surasian J. Agric. Environ.Sci., Volume 4, Number 3, pp. 362-367, 2008.
[12] E. Gisbert, D.B. Conklin, and R.H. Piedrahita, "Effects of delayed first feeding on the nutritional condition and mortality of California halibut larvae", J. Fish Biol., Volume 64, pp.116-132, 2004.
[13] F.S. Rios, L. Donatti, M.N. Fernandes, A.L. Kalinin, and F.T. Rantin, "Liver histopathology and accumulation of melanomacrophage centres in Hoplias malabaricus after long-term food deprivation and refeeding", Journal of Fish Biology, Volume 71, Number 5, pp. 1393-1406, 2007.
[14] B. Velmurugan, M. Selvanayagam, E.I. Cengiz, and E. Unlu, "The effects of fenvalerate on different tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala", J. Environ. Sci. Heal., Volume 42, pp. 157-163, 2007.
[15] F.A.S. Mohamed, "Histopathological studies on Tilapia zilli and Soleo vulgaris from lake Qarun, Egypt", World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, Volume 1, Number 1, pp. 29-39, 2009.
[16] M.S. Prashanth, "Histopathological changes observed in the kidney of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) exposed to cypermethrin", Recent Research in Science and Technology, Volume 3, Number 2, pp. 59-65, 2011.
[17] E. Spazier, V. Storch, and T. Braunbeck, "Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River", Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Volume 14, pp.1-22, 1992.
[18] A.G. Zapata, and E.L. Cooper, "The immune system: comparative histopathology. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England", Zool. Soc. Bengalis., Volume 1, pp. 67-70, 1990.
[19] T. Hibiya, " An atlas of fish histology. Normal and pathological features. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo", 1982.


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Ahead of tonight's trip to face Stoke City in the Premier League, Newcastle United manager Alan Pardew has thanked the club's fans for sticking by him since he succeeded popular boss Chris Houghton at St James Park.
There was plenty of unrest when Pardew was announced as the new Newcastle manager, while there was also lots of concern when key players were sold in the summer.
Paddy Power have been in touch to tell us that they will offer free bets worth £100 to all Squeakybumtime visitors this week, which includes all Premiership and Champions League games! Pick up this exclusive offer here!
Kevin Nolan, Joey Barton and Jose Enrique all moved on, following the departure of Andy Carroll earlier in the year. This left fans of the club wondering about the short-term future, but after an excellent start to the season, Pardew has thanked the Geordie faithful for their trust.
The Newcastle boss – who has guided his team to 4th in the Premier League – said: "I think it's very important that you have a good feeling running through the club, from the terraces right down to the pitchside."
"I think there's a trust from the terraces in what we're doing, especially in the players that we have."
"That trust has come out in a number of areas this year that have seen us get victories. And you can't do that without the tremendous backing that we've got here."
"I think they see that we're trying to do it the right way, approaching the game in the right style, and hopefully producing football that makes them want to come back every week."
The former West Ham manager will hope this pattern continues at the Britannia Stadium this evening of course. Stoke are always strong at home though, so it is a tough test of Newcastle's unbeaten start to their Premier League campaign.
As for the Potters, they have a hectic fixture schedule to endure at the moment. They have a trip to Israel on Thursday for the Europa League, so they will hope to get through tonight's game without any injury problems.
They will be keen to move up to 8th in the table too of course, so Tony Pulis men will be focused on picking up three valuable points against a Newcastle side that has only conceded six goals in nine Premier League games this season.
This Monday night football clash gets underway at 8pm this evening.


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Usual routine of bagel with peanut butter, and then we started our walk to the start. The only race of the three that did NOT start on Front Street. We didn't have access to Yellow Pages or a local map, and the map we were given at the expo did not really help, so I had asked, and the lady told us it would be about ten minutes longer of a walk than the other race starts and we would only have to make one turn. L thought we were leaving too early, but I figured I'd rather not rush and get there early and not be stressed out.
We saw some other people wearing race gear, and we headed in the same general direction.
|Hamilton Bay
|Cool church, one of the only "plain" colored buildings
|Mini Dealership
We had been walking a while, and had lost sight of the people we were following. There weren't any other people on the streets. I was starting to get a bit concerned that we were lost. It seems like we had gone from being in the nicer downtown area to maybe not so quite as nice an area, and it seemed residential. My watch said 9:30, and we were lost. We couldn't use our phones because no international plan was set up for such a short weekend. We didn't see anyone to ask, and none of the businesses were open to ask for directions. I was REALLY panicking, when out of the blue, a man stops and says "Are you heading to the race? If so, you are in the WRONG part of town. Jump in, I'll give you a ride."
Now normally I would NOT get in the car with a stranger, but everyone we had met was so nice, and I figured I had L with me, so we got in the car. After 6-7 minutes of driving (so yeah, we were not even CLOSE), he drops us off a few blocks from the start. Thanks random citizen for swooping in and saving us from missing our race!
The race started at their "sports complex" and so NO port-o-potties! Of course the lines were long, and there weren't many stalls. With about 20 minutes until the start, they let us use the stalls by where the elites were hanging out.
There was no official bag drop, just a tent where you could leave your stuff. I risked leaving my sweatshirt, and we started the walk to the start line.
|Me & L at the start
|Start Line
There were only going to be two water stations on the course, and we were aware that there were going to be a couple pretty tough hills on the course. The start of the course was a nice downhill, and I found a pretty decent stride. The sun had come out (just in time for the start), and it was HOT.
I was really happy to get to the first water station, just under 3 miles into the race. As I looked down at my watch at the 5K marker, I was only 20 seconds under my PR for a 5K... meaning, on a course like this, with a RIDICULOUS hill at the end, I was probably pacing too fast. I tried to hold back just a bit, and I remembered that I've been sucking about taking pictures during races, so I got a few shots between the 3 and 4 mile markers.
I was coasting along and feeling pretty great... until mile 5. This hill was pretty much unlike anything I have encountered during a race. It was insane. It just went on and on and on and on... almost everyone was walking. And the people that WEREN'T walking might as well have been. I made it about halfway up the hill, and then I thought... my heart rate is OFF THE CHARTS. Why am I killing myself?? I can still get a PR, it won't be as fast as I'd like, but man, I was dying. So I took a couple of walk breaks on the hill. Just long enough to catch my breath. Around mile 5.5 the course did level out a bit, but by then my legs felt like lead. I was seriously concerned that my legs might actually give out and I might not be able to finish.
I was out of breath, hot, and STRUGGLING, but I saw the 6 mile marker and the turn into the stadium and I gave it everything I had. Which by then? Wasn't much at all. I saw Bart Yasso (man, I wish I would've spent the money for the pasta dinner so I could hear him speak again) and he was cheering everyone on. What a great guy!
I was pretty psyched to see that I would come in under 58 minutes. The time according to my Garmin
Official Time - 57:47
Garmin Time - 57:20
Garmin Pace - 9:11
Mile 1 - 8:42
Mile 2 - 8:39
Mile 3 - 8:59
Mile 4 - 8:49
Mile 5 - 9:46
Mile 6 - 10:11
Mile 6.2 - 9:28
My heart rate peaked at 188 bpm... which is just insane. I normally peak in the upper 170s, and average upper 160s, low 170s over an entire race. Shows you how tough this course was and how hard I was working, especially towards the end!
I grabbed a diet pepsi and water at the finish line, and then headed back over to the finish line to wait for L. She came in sooner than she had planned, but she mentioned that her leg seemed to be worse than ever. We grabbed some gatorade and waters, and then started our walk back. Which, incidentally, looked NOTHING like our walk TO the race.
|American Embassy
|Cabinet Building
After lunch we headed back towards the hotel. We were still pretty tired, and had plans to just relax and watch tv, hang out in our room until dinner time. We had just settled in when...
What I learned from this fire alarm? I would SUCK in an emergency. Neither of us even moved for a good couple of minutes... Then, when I opened the door and could actually HEAR the alarm (honestly, I'm not sure if I would have been sleeping I would have heard it, wasn't that loud inside the room), we just sort of wandered out in the hallway. We walked through the fire doors without a second thought, didn't really look to see where the stairs were, and just sorta sat in the chairs by the elevator until the housekeeper told us we could go back to our rooms.
Then, somehow, while watching a movie on tv, we both fell asleep, and didn't wake up until after 6:00. Oops. We headed back to the Italian restaurant we had seen the night before. Ordered some lasagna, and it was DELICIOUS.
After dinner we decided to walk Front Street one more time.
|Made out of little rocks/tiles
|Should be the title of my blog or something :D
|Dessert - Carrot Cake & Cheesecake


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Currency Displayed in
Château GAZIN's vineyard covers an area of 26 hectares, in a single holding, on the upper terrace of the Pomerol terroir. The vineyard is planted with 90% Merlot, 7% Cabernet Sauvignon and 3% Cabernet Franc. The average age of the vines is 35 years. The vines are planted with a density of 5,500 to 7,000 per hectare.
CHÂTEAU GAZIN Pomerol 2015 Score: 91—94
Ripe, rounded and inviting in feel, with a red licorice frame around a core of plum sauce and cherry preserves. A touch of alder peeks out on the finish, as this has yet to digest the oak, but the pieces are in place for a rock-solid Pomerol. —J.M.
|WARNING: Drinking distilled spirits, beer, coolers, wine and other alcoholic beverages may increase cancer risk, and, during pregnancy, can cause birth defects. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/alcohol
|WARNING: Many food and beverage cans have linings containing bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known to cause harm to the female reproductive system. Jar lids and bottle caps may also contain BPA. You can be exposed to BPA when you consume foods or beverages packaged in these containers. For more information, go to: www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/BPA
All prices are in USD.


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Type: Posts; User: Wheres my revo?
Looks great!
There should just be strings on them so you don't have to collect all the parts afterwards.
And crashing a revo is ALOT different then a slash, slashes top speeds are like, 15mph on a 2s lipo? ...
I like my traxxas resonator,
But my trinity duel pipe is probably the most fun your gonna get
So all you can do is drive it up and down your street like once then have to run over to it and turn it around?
Little bit of a waste but looks good!
If i was you i would buy a new revo if i was you and get your self back into it!
If you dont like nitro that much i was save up for a new 1/16 e revo instead of a e revo
I was getting so ****** off at my car yesterday cause it was a brand new 3.3 with the ez start..
The car just sounded like the ez was just spinning away with no linkage,
I took the whole thing...
Does anyone live in edmonton or around looking for a buddy?:p
Nice friggen truck! but i like it better without the body
Not crazy about the yellow.. But looking good!
Haha but yea i have like $400 im so tempted to spend but im saving for the revo
hahaha thats pretty funny.. minivans...:lol:
****!! I just convinced my mom
the stars are beat your truck.. it bleeped it out...
Somewheres on this site there must be a graph up, i know on ************* there is one.. Shows the different levels of shocks you can buy
I had this a while ago, you can buy stiffer shocks
Im not sure about the 5308 but in the 5309 the charger that comes to charge the truck comes with an adapter to charge a battery that fits in the starter
Hey big bus, where are you?
2 years ago we had a HUGE bomb threat, some kid was emailing ALL the teachers and principals from our computer lab (really nice lab, we have lots of money at our school...
Everyones supposed to be able to do this?
Hahaha i didnt actually read it all! I just looked at the truck and read the specs of it..
Looks nice!
Im waiting for some guy to pull up beside you thinking you just have a little srt8 or something.. Post a video of it on a small drag or something
carbon beat me to it, i love music and i was trying to figure out how to post youtube videos.. didnt work..
Edited for language.
Viva la vida by cold play
Viva la vida - cold play
OMG OMG OMG OMG!! I Want one, this will be my first electric to drive off my stairs when im bored and its raining cause i dont think i can do that with my nitro cars.. i can only get 2 tanks in...
Just a quick note:
For who ever was asking what the opti drive is, its reverse, You must have a 5308 or if you didnt buy it new they might have replaced it. 5308 come with a F.O.C stock.
Yayyy revo!


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A Lesson on Happiness from The NBA Commissioner, Adam Silver
In the new Social Media age, it's a lot easier to see really what these NBA players have regarding both material wealth as well as fame wealth.
Social Media followers, likes, shares, comments, heart, (you name it) shows fame wealth on a major scale like never before.
It is one thing to be in all the movies, Netflix series, ESPN highlights, but now we see ALL that PLUS the millions of followers via Social Media outlets like Facebook and Instagram.
However, for those of you who are desperate for fame, fortune, followers and engagement, just PAUSE for a quick moment.
"We are living in a time of anxiety," Silver said, via ESPN. "A lot of players are UNHAPPY."
And let's take a look at what the NBA Commissioner had to say regarding NBA Players.
I've heard a lot about a lot of rich people being in the top 1% of the world financially. Now, I'm not sure what financial bracket NBA players in, but it's likely they are somewhere around the .001% of the wealthiest people in the world.
Now what about the fame bracket?
NBA players are some of the most famous people in the world. They are up there with the world's most famous by a long shot.
So players likely have close to the most material wealth, the most famous, the most financial wealth, close to the most followers, AND YET A LOT OF THEM ARE UNHAPPY?
Does that mean that they cannot be happy as NBA player?
Well, for one the whole terms happiness and unhappiness don't really have any clear definitions to make that claim.
How can one be something when there is no clear definition as to what that even means?
Sometimes things happen in my life situation when I become unhappy for that moment. Does that mean I'm an unhappy person?
Sometimes things happen in my life situation when I become happy. Does that mean I'm a happy person?
Or does it mean that all experiences are coming and going and our emotions fluctuate depending on what's going on, how we are interpreting them based on an infinite number of different factors that have conditioned our perceptions?
There must be something more concrete that every human being on the planet is truly looking for.
Something that is a lot more stable than the appearing and disappearing of happiness and unhappiness.
I will tell you what every being is looking for without thinking twice about it.
I had someone in a Facebook group recently ask me how I could assume to know what EVERYONE wants on this planet.
He was clearly referring to the subjective, opinionated, difference in our perception of our wants and desires, so how could one person make such a claim for all 7.5 billion people on this planet?
The reason why I can say this without thinking twice is because generally peace is the lack of pain, or it is that there is pain, but there is a level of acceptance that has diminished the painful experiences.
And, most importantly, that peace is the natural state of every human being on this planet, regardless of the perception, perspective, opinion or outlook.
But don't believe me, see for yourself.
However, in order to see for yourself, you must know who you are beyond name and form.
Peace exists in the brain, in the nervous system, on a cellular level. It's not something to be believed in, but to be known, in the here and the now.
In the here and the now, AS the here and the now.
What every human being truly wants is to know his/her natural unconditioned state.
It is the conditioning in the mind that says, I want fame, I want fortune, I want followers, I want more than what currently is. And when you want more than what currently is, then there is pain.
Your natural state is free from desire, free from projection and thus, completely free.
The reason you may be unfamiliar with your natural state is described in a great way in the book Perfect Brilliant Stillness.
Edwin Abbott's Flatland became popular among students. The small book was originally written in 1884, but it found new interest and several reprintings as it resonated with the counterculture and mood of the Nixon years.
Flatland is a two dimensional universe inhabited by two dimensional beings who know only width and length, such as the stick figures you might draw on paper.
Imagine this is trying to be described in depth as a person.
Existing on the flat plane of the paper, they know nothing of height or depth, which do not exist in their world.
Consequently, they have never thought of these 'unreal' directions or dimensions and have no words for them; our words "height" or "depth," "above" and "below," as well as the ideas or concepts which these words represent to us, do not exist in their world.
The book narrates the experiences of one such two dimensional being, a square, when his comfortable two dimensional life is invaded one day by an incomprehensible creature from another dimension: a sphere. Only gradually was the square able to come to comprehend the initially disorienting experience of a third dimension.
Needless to say, the great difficulty arose when the square tried to express his experience to other two dimensional figures like himself.
How does one describe "above" in a context where there exist only forward, back, and two directions of sideways?
The square tried using existing words 'forward, but not forward, a different forward," and tried using new words he had learned from the sphere but "above" was only nonsense syllables to the Flatlanders.
So the square, who knew he had had real experiences of this third dimension, found himself being regarded as an idiot talking nonsense.
So the point of this was that,
although you may not be aware of the bliss, the peace and aliveness as a result of knowing your natural state does not mean that it does not exist.
You can only know your natural state by knowing the now, through the body.
The now that can be felt through the body cannot be understood, grasped, or interpreted by the thinking-mind JUST as the squares could not understand above, below height or depth.
But UNTIL that square was capable of being able to know above and below, it would be in a similar rut as the NBA player making $40 million/Year between team contracts, NIKE/Adidas deals, subconsciously wondering why there exists the feeling of pain in his experiences.
The square (or the human mind) can ONLY grasp past and future, but not until it is able to FEEL presence throughout the body, to stop thinking, will it be able to make it out of this hamster wheel of hanging onto the past, and trying hard to get to the future.
Just as the square, who had awakened to the 3rd dimensional experience, he was not able to describe above and below to the other squares, PRIMARILY because words are still stuck in the 2 dimensional plain.
No word that I can use, can make you stop thinking, can make you feel the ABSOLUTE ALIVE PRESENCE that is running through every one of the particles of your body.
I'm not a biologist or expert on the human body, but it's almost as if, because we have been interpreting life ONLY through the mind, our brain cells have fused to only what the mind can comprehend which is past experiences and future projection.
So without knowing who you are, in the absolute sense, in the here and the now, as the here and the now.
This will keep the brain prepared to FOCUS HARD on what happened and what's going to happen, so it's not even that NBA players are unhappy, it's that they are going through pain, because whatever they are achieving is not showcasing them the timeless awareness that can be known through the body.
A lot of "spiritual" gurus will say that you are not the body, and of course this is true, and yet it is only through the body that you stop believing and start BE-ING.
Hence the reason we are called Human-Beings.
The human part is survival, which is the number one goal of the mind; it is the being part where we can only know that we are alive in the here and the now, without a SINGLE Thought about it.
So it's not to single NBA players out, you can be a famous actor/actress, writer, any sports player, or icon, and if you had not come to know the natural state of all humans, there will always be a feeling of unease even in the greatest accomplishments.
This, of course, does not mean that if you have fame and fortune you cannot know your natural state. It means they continue WITH all of that, including the sense of presence throughout all situations.
Knowing your natural state does not mean that, although it can; your life does not have to change in any way, shape, form or fashion, it means that you are just more peaceful, more alive during all of your experiences.
So now take a look at this person with eye glasses on.
Now imagine if this person felt, for whatever reason, that he could NEVER be fulfilled until he found his eye glasses.
These Eye glasses were the key to all the abundance, fame, fortune, 100 million followers, all the material wealth one could imagine.
And he thought he had dropped these Eye glasses in the past somewhere. So the past continued to haunt him and give him nightmares every night.
So he searched and searched, anticipated a future over and over again in which he could have these Eye Glasses.
He thought to himself.
"Once I get my hands on my eye glasses, THEN I will be fulfilled, then I will be free, then I will be ALRIGHT." The thought "then" was always keeping him away from being free.
Meanwhile, he had the EYE GLASSES on the ENTIRE TIME, he just couldn't find them because he was looking THROUGH them. And you, who you are in the absolute state is looking through your eyes.
"Don't look through your eyes with your mind." – Mooji
He could never find them materially, experientially, in a person, in fact he couldn't ever find them period, because all he just had to do was realize he was already seeing through them.
You are already here, your natural state is already here, you're already fulfilled, you're already free, you're already peaceful and you're already alive, without needing ANOTHER thing to happen.
In fact, those squares that the sphere saw, weren't really squares, they just thought they were; they weren't even three dimensional, they were beyond any name, label or shape that can be understood or grasped by thought.
To know your natural state, you will know that who you are shapeless, characteristic less, and objectless.
Authentic consciousness sees only a radiant infinity in the hearts of all souls, and breathes into its lungs only the atmosphere of the eternity too simple to believe." – Ken Wilber
Beyond the imagination, beyond any thoughts about other universes or wonderlands, you don't need to wonder what else is out there, or imagine what could be, or theorize about how the world could look someday.
Just pure thoughtless awareness through the body, right now and then you will know that some abstract concept, or idea of happiness does not even matter.
Peace will not be something you believe in, it will not be an idea. Peace will be floating through everyone of your cells, and it is the cells that will come ALIVE!
And that vibrantly alive peace is already here now.


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Liam Griffin will be joining Barwell Motorsport for the 2016 British GT Championship season as he confirms his drive behind the wheel of the team's second Lamborghini Huracan.
Griffin, who raced for Motorbase last year, will join team mates Phil Keen and Jon Minshaw in the team for its first season with Lamborghini and he will be joined by two ace co-drivers.
For the first three rounds of the season, bronze-rated Griffin will be joined in the IrishTV backed Huracan by FIA GT champion Fabio Babini for the races Brands Hatch, Rockingham and Oulton Park before Barwell regular Alexander Sims takes over the 'Pro' seat for the remainder of the season.
Griffin said: "I thoroughly enjoyed last year and the decision to change teams was not an easy one, but the opportunity to drive a factory supported Lamborghini, run by the Championship winning team, was just too appealing. With Fabio's knowledge of the car followed by Alexander's knowledge of the circuits I have every hope that we will be in with a chance of winning the Championship. Last year taught me a lot so hopefully I can use that to pick up the points that will make the difference come the end of the year."
For Sims, he is happy to be staying with Barwell – where he has had big success in the team's BMW Z4 – and is pleased BMW were happy to let their works driver sample a different marque's machinery: "I'm extremely pleased to be able to continue my relationship with Barwell and to work with Liam in British GT. I have to thank BMW for allowing me to dovetail this alongside my programme with them. Working with Barwell over the last two years has been a real pleasure and so to be able to continue that is spot on.
"I am certain that Liam will be right on the pace and fully expect him to be at the front all season long. Although I will not be in contention for overall championship honours, it will still be great to do the 4 races and help Liam and the team fight for the championships."
Due to some clashes Babini had to sit in for the first three rounds, but the factory driver – and Le Mans class winner – is looking forward to his short stint in British GT: "I'm so happy to race in British GT with Barwell Motorsport and Liam, and I have been always fascinated by the British tracks, overall for the fantastic atmosphere during the races and for the participation of the people! I'm also very happy to enter into the 'family' of Barwell and I hope to give my contribution to a winning future! I'm excited to begin the challenge with them!"


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Hello {!firstname},
Every year, at about this time, many amateur astronomers are getting ready for CCD imaging.
There have been a few brave souls, who have persevered through this past Winter, however let's face it,
that is not the majority.
Your images won't look like famed British astrophotographer, Damian Peach's to start out with,
but you will get better with practice.
Now is the time to get excited about developing your skills in astroimaging.
Recently, I was speaking to the Celestron engineering team, and they told me that they have
listened carefully to what amateur astronomers expect and want in a CCD imager.
And they have developed their line of cameras with that in mind.
Ease of use, and the processing of the image afterwards being the key main factors.
With autoguiders (these do the tracking for you automatically) now available at relative low
cost for just about every commercial mount out there, that is one major stumbling block
removed for you.
You really don't need a lot of gear, and you can start small.
Several imagers, such as Celestron Neximage 5 are well suited as a beginners tool.
If you want to do more serious deep sky stuff, then you should give serious consideration
to something like the Celestron Nightscape CCD camera. Yes, it may seem more costly
initially (we do have it on sale this month) however, it will do everything you want in the long run.
My favorite "best buy" is the Celestron Skyris 445m monochrome Camera.
You simply can't beat it for versatility and price. It can do everything.
So there you have it, some ideas if this is your cup of tea (or coffee).
Clear Skies,
Ray "CCD" Khan
PS In my case, I really am a Charged Couple device after my morning coffee!
PPS Here is a link to all the Celestron CCD cameras.


text:
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If you love videography, are looking for more or different experiences, or simply would like to expand upon the work you already do, consider joining the LondonFuse Contributor Program.
Of our videographers we expect:
- A passion for video, exploring new things, and learning more everyday
- An keen interest in London's arts and culture scenes
- Ability to understand editing processes as well as adhering to our LondonFuse Style Guide
- Comfort behind and in front of the camera
- The contribution of at least 2-4 pieces of content or events covered per month
- Attendance at our monthly Contributor Meetings
- Ability to collaborate with our writers and photographers on creating content
Experience you have:
- Past experience with video or an eager willingness to learn!
- Experience in shooting as well as editing / production a bonus
- Experience with editing software (Final Cut and / or Premier Pro)
- Experience with WordPress websites
- A willingness to learn, take criticism, and help others
- Ability to maintain deadlines and work independently
If this is an opportunity you'd like to find out more about, just contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include some examples of your work as well as a copy of your resume.


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Google attacks with Wear OS
<-----sponsored ADS----->
Google says that the change of name from Android Wear to Wear OS "is our technology, our vision and especially the people who wear our watches "Better Reflects" .
Google notes in his blog post on the topic that a third of Android Wear users use an iPhone last year. And here Google wants to start. If it succeeds to build up this share and to cheat Apple, by the user not an Apple Watch connect to the iPhone but an Android Wear device, that would be a great success.
Android Wear 2.0 was released over a year ago and received a lot of criticism. Even five months later, many Android Wear watches still did not receive the 2.0 upgrade. This also happens in a beautiful tradition with Android smartphones and tablets.
The wide variety of smartwatches available for Google's platform is particularly interesting for iPhone users. While the Apple Watch has the flexibility to easily exchange tapes, there is only one hardware design in a handful of different designs.
In any case, Google has a lot of catching up to do. Apple leads the wearable market, but of course it's not unbeatable. The also knows the second most popular provider Fitbit, which in turn tries with new hardware to reach sports enthusiasts.


text:
At the /*Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles*/ (CHIRLA), signs and banners have been printed. They'll be distributed to the estimated 100,000 May Day marchers expected Saturday.
A motivating factor is Arizona's new law, which would require police to check a person's papers if there's a question about immigration status.
"It has really helped awaken a lot of the community in terms of the dangers in not moving forward with solutions," said CHIRLA Executive Director Angelica Salas. "Because if we don't move forward with immigration reform, what happens is we get these kinds of laws."
/*Los Angeles City Controller Wendy Greuel*/ has identified at least 14 Arizona companies and more than $7 million in city money that could be part of a boycott.
Mexico has put out a travel alert to its citizens. Friday, the consuls general for nine countries met to express concerns over Arizona's law.
President Obama has seemed lukewarm to any changes in immigration law this year but /*Attorney General Eric Holder*/ may be one of many to challenge Arizona's new law.
"People want to boycott Arizona. They all seem to be experts. They never even read the law," said /*Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio*/.
/*Los Angeles Special Order 40*/ prohibits police from asking about immigration status. /*L.A. City Attorney Carmen Trutanich*/ was a gang prosecutor and he strongly endorses the law.
"If you invited me into your house and I sat down on your couch and I saw that there was an ashtray on the coffee table and I picked it up and threw it through the picture window, how long would you let me stay, after I did that? And that's basically Special Order 40. We don't care where you come from. In fact, we invite the diversity," said Trutanich.
Colombian pop star Shakira condemns Arizona's law. "It is a violation of human and civil rights," she said at a news conference.
Civil rights leaders are also calling for an end to conventions in Arizona. A few of them have been canceled. The backlash is growing. Even the Arizona Diamondbacks baseball team are reporting protests when they're at their games and now a hotel association reports about $7 million has been lost, 15,000 hotel rooms have been canceled, and 19 meetings have gone away.


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Tim Howard claims Everton will not ditch their passing game to end their slump.
Everton are languishing in 11th, seven places and 13 points worse off than they were last Christmas.
The fans are edgy after only three Premier League wins at Goodison and some want a more direct approach.
Howard can sense their frustrations, but insists Roberto Martinez will not sacrifice his principles to chase any short-term improvement in results.
The Blues' goalkeeper says they will stick to the style of football which brought them success last season when they line up against Stoke at Goodison.
"What I would say is that winning cures everything," he said. "If you could pick the ball up and throw it in with your hands, then people would cheer for that.
"When wins aren't coming as regularly as you would hope, there is an edginess.
"It doesn't matter whether you are kicking the ball up in the air or passing it on the floor, the fans want wins.
"But, trust me, we want them even more.
"We are not robots. We hear the crowd. But we are a passing team and we are not going to get away from it. Roberto doesn't bat an eye at it. He encourages us to pass the ball and it is proven we can win games that way.
"He has been in charge for 18 months and it has been very positive. There will be no change."
Howard knows some fans may argue results are more important than style and he is prepared to disagree with them.
"I love these fans and they are passionate," said the US goalkeeper. "But I fight with my brother, too. Do you know what I mean? You don't always have to agree.
"They want wins, we want wins. That's all I care about. I have always had a good rapport and banter with them. That will never change."
Howard, 35, has become a permanent fixture in the Everton goal during his nine-and-a-half years at Goodison and is one of the senior figures in the dressing room.
The former Manchester United stopper has been hailed as Everton's best keeper since Neville Southall and Howard claims it is difficult trying to measure up to the legendary Welshman.
"Neville is a legend. He won hardware for this club, you know, and that is important. He is rightfully the best, the greatest," he said.


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Schizophreniais a condition which can be explained as a collection of seriousbrain abnormalities which cause a person to interpret life'srealities in an abnormal manner (Tandon,Nasrallah & Keshavan, 2009). It is characterized by delusions,hallucinations, and an individual may show a confused behavior. About1.1 percent of the world population has schizophrenia disease henceover 250,000 people are diagnosed with the disease in the UK everyyear (Schizophrenia.com).
Costsof Schizophrenia
Accordingto Schizophrenia.com,In the UK, about 80 million working days are lost annually costingthe economy a cool £3.7 billion. NHS and personal social servicesspends £1 billion and £400 million respectively on treatment andcare for people with schizophrenia. The greatest cost ofschizophrenia is however in the non economic cost born by thosehaving it and their families.
Symptomsof schizophrenia
Thesymptoms of schizophrenia can be associated with a few mentaldisorders, thus no one exact symptom that can be used to ascertainits diagnosis (Taylor& Vaidya, 2009).Symptoms of schizophrenia become noticeable at different phases oflife in women and men (Cohen et al., 2006). Symptoms of schizophreniaare commonly categorized into three main classes namely positive,negative, and cognitive.
Positivesymptoms suggest excess or alteration in normal behavior. Thesesymptoms entail the following:
Thought disorder
Disorganized behavior
Negativesymptoms occur as a result of worsening or an absence of sanefunctions. These symptoms may either occur together with the positivesymptoms or solely (Ellison-Wright & Bullmore, 2009). Negativesymptoms entail poor personal hygiene, lack of interest and inabilityto perform one's daily activities, withdrawal from society, lowself-esteem, and an individual may not show any sense of feeling(Ellison-Wright & Bullmore, 2009).
Cognitivesymptoms entail trouble in constructing thoughts. Cognitive symptomsseem to be the most disabling as compared to positive and negativesymptoms as they interfere with one's ability to perform routineactivities (Cohen, et al. 2006).
Symptomsof schizophrenia in teenage
Symptomsin teenage are similar to those of adults, but the difference is thatit is difficult for the symptoms to be established at this particulardevelopmental stage (Tandon, Nasrallah, & Keshavan, 2009). Thesymptoms are similar in the sense that they are manifest duringadolescence for example poor academic performance, sleepingdisorders, irritability, and withdrawal from peers (Tandon,Nasrallah, & Keshavan, 2009). However, schizophrenic teenagersmay not have delusions but they are most probable to have visualhallucinations unlike adults who are vulnerable to hearinghallucinations. Individuals who are schizophrenic normally do notrealize that they have a mental problem (Brune, 2005). It is thus theresponsibility of the persons close to them such as friends andrelatives to find medical attention for them (Bora, Yucel, &Pantelis, 2009).
Abouta third of people with schizophrenia will attempt suicide where 10percent of schizophrenic take their own lives (Andreasen & Black,2006). Cases of attempted suicide should be reported so as to assistthe victim receives professional help (Mulhauser,2010).
Causesof schizophrenia
Thecauses of schizophrenia have not been clearly understood. Accordingto research, genetics, as well as environmental factors play asignificant role in the occurrence of schizophrenia. In addition,some chemicals occurring naturally in the brain such asneurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine can cause problems which maycontribute to schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies have pointed outclear differences in the brain structure and central nervous system(CNS) of schizophrenic persons (Tandon,Nasrallah, Keshavan, 2009).
Thistype of diagnosis states different factors in diagnosing a personwith schizophrenia. DSM-IV states characteristic symptoms ofschizophrenia such as delusions, hallucinations, distorted speech,grossly disorganized behavior, as well as other negative symptoms(Schizophrenia, 2010). In order for a person to be identified withschizophrenia, he or she must depict a minimum of two of the symptomsand show steady symptoms of disturbance for a minimum of at least sixmonths. In one of the six months, a person should depict symptoms asstipulated on the symptoms criteria. As explained by DSM-IV,hallucinations can take different form of delusions of grandeur,paranoid delusions, and delusions of reference. To ensure accuracy indiagnosis of schizophrenia, several steps may be taken one of thembeing looking at differential diagnosis (McManamy,2009).
Thediagnosis of schizophrenia in ICD-10 depends on the presence ofdistinctive symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, withdrawal etc.and a minimum period of one month is usually specified. A minimum ofone very apparent symptom such as hallucination is normally requiredfor diagnosis of schizophrenia (Sartoriuset al., 1990).Two or more symptoms may be required if they are not clear. Ifconditions meet the symptomatic requirement but have lasted for lessthan a month, treated or not, then such symptoms should be diagnosedas acute schizophrenia in the first occasion, and if they persist forlonger they be reclassified as schizophrenia (WHO). Schizophreniashould not be diagnosed if there are extensive manic or depressivesymptoms except it is apparent that symptoms of schizophreniapreceded the emotional disturbance.
Criticismof Diagnosis
Majorly,controversy arises over biopsychiatric, the authenticity ofschizophrenia as a diagnostic condition has been questioned by somepsychologists as not having scientific validity and diagnosticreliability (Sun et al. 2009).
Thediscrete class of schizophrenia used under DSM classification hasalso been criticized. Some psychiatrists have argued that, just likewith other psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis would better be dealtwith as individual dimensions with which every individual varies, sothat there is a continuum or a spectrum as opposed to a cut-offbetween normal and ill.
Inaddition, the current DSM-IV and ICD-10 classifications have beencriticized by a leading personality in schizophrenia research, NancyAndreasen. She argues that, these criteria sacrifices validity at theexpense of improving diagnostic reliability, ignoring more basiccognitive impairments that are difficult to assess because of largevariations in presentation (Andreasen& Black, 2006).
Treatmentand drugs
Schizophreniais a chronic health condition which needs lifetime treatment evenafter the symptoms have reduced. Psychological therapy alongsidemedications can help in dealing with the disease (Sun et al., 2009).
Medicationsare central in treatment of schizophrenia even though they may resultto adverse after effects to the patient, hence some individuals maybe hesitant to using them.
Typesof medication
Thereare two types of medication (Trimble,2004):
Conventional antipsychotics: Are less costly but have critical neurological side effects such as occurrence of movement disorder including the irreversible tardive dyskinesia.
Atypical antipsychotic which are highly recommended as they have minimal risk for serious side effects. They are very costly.
Thereis no proof that there are any particular biological treatments forschizophrenia. Even though antipsychotic drugs are at times said toreverse a biochemical imbalance, no such imbalances have beendemonstrated. This situation is not only unscientific, but also abarrier to recovery (Critical Psychiatry, 2014).
Thisis very crucial especially following psychosis recede. Therapyinvolves:
Social skills training
Individual therapy
Family therapy
Vocational rehabilitation and supported employment
RationaleFor Choosing Schizophrenia
Schizophreniais a mental health disorder that is quite complicated as compared toother disorders. Its diagnoses as well as symptoms can be confusedwith other disorders which make it even more interesting to studyabout. The various diagnostic measures including DSM-IV and DC-10criteria are also criticized for overlooking reliability andvalidity, which drove me to choose this condition for my paper.Through this research paper, I have been able to understand thedisease to a greater depth and can comfortably apply the knowledgegained in future situations concerning schizophrenia.
AndreasenNC, & Black DW. (2006). IntroductoryTextbook of Psychiatry (4th ed.).Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
Bora,E., Yucel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2009). Theory of mind impairment:a distinct trait-marker for schizophrenia spectrum disorders andbipolar disorder? ActaPsychiatrica Scandinavica,120,253-264.
Brune,M. (2005). Emotion recognition, 'theory of mind,' and socialbehavior in schizophrenia. PsychiatryResearch, 133,135-147.
Cohen,A. S., Forbes, C. B., Mann, M. C., & Blanchard, J. J. (2006).Specific cognition deficits and differential domains of socialfunctioning impairment in schizophrenia. ScienceDirect, 81,227-238.
CriticalPsychiatry (2014 May, 1). The Case against Schizophrenia: CriticalPsychiatry Network. Retrievedhttp://www.criticalpsychiatry.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46:the-case-against-schizophrenia&catid=35:documents&Itemid=56(Accessed May 1, 2014).
Ellison-Wright,I. & Bullmore, E. (2009). Meta-analysis of diffusion tensorimaging studies in schizophrenia, Neurobiology,108,(1-3), 3-10.
Hoeksema,S. (2007). Abnormalpsychology.Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Kee,K. S., Green, M. F., Mintz, J., & Brekke, J. S. (2003). IsEmotion Processing a Predictor of Functional Outcome inSchizophrenia? SchizophreniaBulletin, 29(3),487-497.
Keshavan,M.S. Tandon, R. Boutros, N.N. Nasrallah, H.A. (2008). Schizophrenia,"Just the facts": What we know in 2008. Part 3:Neurobiology,106,(2), 89-107.
Mathews,J. R., & Barch, D. M. (2010). Emotion Responsivity, SocialCognition, and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia. Journalof Abnormal Psychology, 119(1),50-59.
McManamy,J. (2009). BipolarDisorder a Closer Look.Retrieved from http://www.mcmanweb.com/bipolar2.html (Accessed April,20 2014).
Mulhauser,G. (2010). SchizoaffectiveDisorder Symptoms.Retrieved fromhttp://counsellingresource.com/distress/schizophrenia/dsm/schizoaffective.html(Accessed April 21, 2014).
Myers,(2008). ExploringPsychology 7th ed.New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Rigby,P. & Alexander, J. (2008).Understanding Schizophrenia. NursingStandard, 22 (28),49-56.
Sartorius,N. et al. (1990). Sources and traditions in classification inpsychiatry. Toronto, Hogrefe and Huber.
Schizophrenia(2010). Schizophrenia.Retrieved http:/www.psychologynet.org/dsm/schiz.html (Accessed April20, 2014).
Schizophrenia.com.Schizophrenia facts and statistics. Retrievedhttp://www.schizophrenia.com/szfacts.htm (Accessed May 7, 2014)
Sun,D. Phillips, L. Velakoulis, D. Yung, A. McGorry, P.D. Wood, S.J. vanErp, T.G.M. Thompson, ….et al., (2009). Progressive brainstructural changes mapped as psychosis develops in `at risk`individuals, 108, (3), 85-92.
Tandon,R. Keshavan, M.S. Nasrallah, H.A. (2008). Schizophrenia, "Justthe Facts" What we know in 2008. 2. Epidemiologyand Etiology, 102(1-3), 1-18.
Tandon,R. Nasrallah, H.A. Keshavan, M.S (2009). Schizophrenia, "just thefacts" 4. Clinical features and conceptualization, Neurobiology,110,(1-3), 1-23.
Taylor,M. & Vaidya, N. (2009). Descriptive psychopathology the signsand symptoms of behavioral disorder. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.
TheWorld Health Organization (WHO). The ICD-10 Classification of Mentaland Behavioural Disorders.
Trimble,M. (2004). SomatoformDisorders, A Medicolegal Guide.Cambridge: CambridgeUniversityPress.