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2020 marks the start of a new year and a new decade.
It's a great opportunity for local authorities to assess how well thier essential services are functioning, in order to put new initiatives in place to innovate your services over the next 10 years.
20 top tips to help create a foundation for improvement in 2020 and beyond…
1. Set clear refuse collection policies
A strong framework is critical to setting clear expectations for the year ahead, so that colleagues, collection crews and local communities know exactly what refuse will be collected and when.
Think carefully about how to communicate these policies to residents, so they can check whether guidelines are being met throughout the year, in order to build a trusting relationship.
2. Encourage people to recycle more
Local authorities have a duty of care to not only educate households on effective waste disposal, but to promote recycling where possible. This starts with explaining to residents exactly what materials can be recycled and when.
The easier the recycling policies are to follow, the better uptake you will get in the local area. Consistency is key; recyclable goods should be collected on the same weekly or bi-weekly day, so that households get into the habit of putting the right refuse out for collection.
3. Introduce new marketing initiatives
Tying into recycling initiatives, it's important to think about how the waste management strategy converts into marketing activities, in order to ensure investment drives results.
Consider your key goals for the year ahead, and craft marketing campaigns around them.
For example, if your top objective is to increase recycling rates by 25%, then the marketing focus could be around practical suggestions to help households recycle more materials.
4. Digitally engage with local residents
Many local authorities still rely on paper communications to manage waste, but online initiatives can do a better job of updating the community on refuse collection activities.
One effective way to digitally engage people is introducing a resident mobile app, which enables households to look up your policies, check when their next bin collection is taking place, and leave feedback on the service being provided.
5. Create a two-way information flow
Mobile apps are not only an effective method for reaching residents; they encourage the kind of two-way feedback needed to improve your services.
Local residents are the people whose opinions matter most, as they judge the quality of the waste management operation. There may be small issues that the central team is unaware of, which can be easily fixed if residents have the means to report them.
6. Find waste management ambassadors within the community
Mobilising neighbourhoods to manage their waste effectively doesn't have to just be driven by authority officials. There are often natural advocates within the community, who can act as official ambassadors to support your campaigns.
In 2020, use the new mobile app to search for waste management or streets and environment ambassadors, who can help you to improve collection services and recycling uptake. Many people will happily take on this role voluntarily, if it makes the neighbourhood a nicer place to live.
7. Shout about your successes
It's very easy for local authorities to get caught up in negative stories and community complaints.
If an improved approach to waste management yields successes in your area, make sure you communicate it to residents, and thank people for their role in improving local services.
Positivity breeds positivity.
8. Learn from complaints and show residents you're listening
To truly innovate waste management services, you need to learn from what local residents have to say and create an action plan based on the points raised.
It's also important to report back on these actions, to make sure that residents realise you are listening to their feedback and making changes.
9. Get a complete, clear overview of all activities
Understanding what the community wants from their refuse collection service is paramount, but local authorities can only respond effectively to this feedback if you have a complete overview of all the waste management activities.
Many teams struggle to achieve this overview currently, because staff are operating varied systems and processes. Centralising all workflows through municipal waste management technology is the simplest, easiest way to work holistically, making effective strategic decisions in 2020 and beyond.
10. Get all team members working from the same system
Integrating all waste management activities through a central technology platform is fundamental to creating a smooth-running operation, yet the success of any tech investment relies on all team members using that software effectively.
11. Analyse your current waste management workflows
One of the most powerful aspects of waste management software is the data insights it reveals about your operation.
Channelling everything through one platform reveals immediate issues with current workflows that can easily be amended and improved for a better-functioning refuse collection system.
12. Go paperless
The importance of sustainability has increased significantly in the past few years and local authorities will be under pressure to enhance your eco-friendly credentials in 2020.
13. Streamline collection logistics
Think carefully about how central decisions impact logistics in the field.
For example, increased data on refuse volumes will tell you exactly how many trucks are needed to collect rubbish week-on-week. You may be able to reduce the number of collection crews on duty some weeks as a result, cutting your carbon footprint while saving costs.
14. Form closer connections with crews
With fewer crews potentially on duty in 2020, the relationship you build with field-based workers will be very important to ensure a seamless operation.
To achieve this, you need a system in place for gathering feedback, which also allows crews to report problems encountered en route.
15. Upgrade your in-cab technology
To make communication with collection crews easier, local authorities may need to look more closely at your in-cab technology in the year ahead.
Best-in-class mobile applications digitise the relationship between central staff and teams in the field, empowering crews to receive work on the go, co-ordinate vehicle checks, capture evidence of exceptions and navigate to job locations.
16. Respond quickly to incidents
Improves the way waste management teams respond to unforeseen circumstances.
For example, if collection crews report incidents like missed collections and fly tipping. This reaction process shows residents that you are committed to optimising waste management services, making sure the neighbourhood is a nice place to live.
17. Put plans in place for peak waste periods
It's important that your waste management team also uses software to look ahead to periods where refuse volumes may surge peak in 2020.
Regular calendar event such as Easter, Christmas and Bank Holidays can play havoc with collection days and cause a rubbish surplus, which often takes weeks to clear. Understanding the likely impact ahead of time will enable your team to create mitigating plans, and stop black bags mounting up on the kerbside.
18. Regularly report on your performance
An essential objective for 2020 should be to report regularly on your waste management performance, and then share your successes with management colleagues.
The quickest way to get buy-in on future marketing campaigns, policy changes and technology investment is to show return on investment (ROI) – and with the right public sector waste management software.
19. Look at where budget can be spent more efficiently
On the subject of ROI, effective reporting systems will show your waste management team what investment is making a difference.
Use technology to continuously measure performance, making strategic changes where required.
20. Invest in waste management software
Many of the tips we've discussed in this blog post involve the use of technology, and that's with good reason: it's the simplest, most-effective way to transform your waste management services.
Talented, well-organised teams can only optimise refuse collections so far; to be truly innovative, you need a digital platform that can centralise activities, integrate data, coordinate teams in any location, and enable real-time decisions.
Budgets will continue to be tight in 2020, so the natural urge for local authorities is to shy away from investing in new technology. However, the operational and financial savings made from tech-based improvements will ensure your waste management team is running at top-flight performance over the next 12 months – and beyond.


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Adelaide International School
Adelaide International School (AIS) provides a quality learning pathway for international and Australian students who aspire to complete their primary and/or secondary school education in Adelaide in preparation for enrollment at an Australian university or other tertiary education institution.
Adelaide Institute of Business and Technology
Adelaide Institute of Business and Technology (AIBT) is a growing, diversified school that offers business and technology courses in Certificate II, Certificate III and IV, Diploma, Advanced Diploma and Graduate Diploma, as well as English Language Programs.
Adelaide Institute of Higher Education
Adelaide Institute of Higher Education (AIHE) is in the heart of Adelaide. Our goal is to deliver premium education and give students an enriching education experience. AIHE offers a Bachelor of Business designed to prepare you for a career in business. We believe education provides you with personal and professional growth and that it benefits not only you, but your family and community.
Adelaide Research Institute
Adelaide Research Institute (ARI) is dedicated to the support of quality education through research, teaching, teacher education and curriculum design and delivery. The Institute is designed to foster and support scholarly collaboration and advises on the design, planning and implementation of applied linguistic research.
Our Services
Our Management Team
Executive Principal, AIS
Principal, AIBT
Interim General Manager, AIHE
Director, ARI
Highly skilled tutors provide essential techniques and knowledge of university education and practical circumstance. Each class is held in small group, so that students feel more comfortable to ask questions, which efficiently and effectively improve their knowledge.
My experience at the school was fantastic, the teachers are very professional and I have improved my English and knowledge. The school organises many social activities to know all the students and it is located in the CBD. The staffs are very friendly and alwasy are available for everything you need.
The TESOL course was designed for someone like me who has been teaching for quite sometime and for future professionals who want to be in the industry.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's apparent that we are no longer in a time when interested customers are guided through the sales cycle solely by a company salesman. The internet has become one of the main sources of information that customers have embraced, finding answers, researching competitors, and brainstorming new solutions all on their own. From a vendor standpoint, this makes it imperative to understand clients' needs, and to be able to merge what is expected and what is possible. Simply put, the focus now is on service, and our industry is no stranger to this.
I reached out to one of our more recent clients, Red Peg Marketing, to discuss their recent projects completed with Mountain Productions. Red Peg is a full service marketing agency with services ranging from talent management to digital and social marketing to brand strategy. With high end clients such as GEICO, Bacardi and Cadillac, Red Peg is a collective team of experienced marketers that rely on creative solutions to deliver results. Mountain Productions worked on a customized exhibit structure for Red Peg's Texas on Tour project, and provided technical consultation and guidance with their GEICO truss roof exhibit. I touched base with Red Peg's Martin Codd, Production specialist who worked closely with Mountain staging expert Tim Evans on both projects.
How was your experience working on the Texas on Tour project? The customized structure had its share of revisions and adjustments throughout the planning and design phase until it was just right the event's needs.
Martin: There is always a balance between form and function when designing and developing large footprint environments. The time spent during the upfront is critically important to avoid having to make adjustments on the back end. The client was thrilled with the truss structure, and the consumer results in terms of ROI exceeded expectations, so all the hard work paid off in the end. The guidance that Mountain gave us was invaluable in creating a turnkey exhibit that accommodated the interactive elements.
Mountain supervisors Eddie K. and JP S. were active with the project, and were on site for several builds. How was it working with them directly?
Martin: Eddie and JP are the epitome of professionalism. I can't sing their praises enough, they were insightful, collaborative and hands on in ensuring that our teams were adequately trained and versed in the equipment.
I understand that Mountain Productions was called upon to inspect the GEICO roof and offer suggestions on improvements, tweaks, etc. How was working with Eddie and the Mountain Productions' team on the Geico roof inspection?
Martin: The Mountain team provided great guidance and a cost effective solution to developing the truss structure. As experiential marketing specialists, there has been a significant uptick in developing unique structures, vehicles or environments that can differentiate a brand or product. GEICO is one of the leading sponsors of motorsports across the country, and is constantly looking to develop assets that can be multi-purposed for different programs. The truss structure will be on the NASCAR circuit this year, including the GEICO 400; you will also see it at Daytona Bike Week, and perhaps even Sturgis.
With the Texas on Tour structure coming back to Mountain in March for a thorough inspection, do you plan on changing anything or adding any additional structures to the tour?
Martin: Yes, we plan on adding a canopy extension to the front of the structure to provide additional shading and protection for the entrance kiosk. We are also adding two green screen photo-marketing environments, and an energy charging station so that consumers can charge their handsets while they watch an acoustic act on the entertainment stage.
Any additional comments about the Texas on Tour or GEICO projects?
Martin: We are both in the forefront of the event industry, and it is important to be innovative and embrace new technology. Tim and the Mountain team have been invaluable partners in helping us produce these one-of-a-kind multi-purpose environments that represent the next evolutionary step. We look forward to a long and productive partnership with Mountain.


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Baloo the Bear stars in an adventurous comedy of love and conflict with his friend Kit Cloudkicker. Rebecca Cunningham and her daughter Molly purchase Baloo's failing company. Baloo must fly transport runs to clear his debt while dodging Don Karnage and his sky pirates.
More Info On IMDb: tt0098924
Watch TaleSpin Online free, TaleSpin , Stream TaleSpin


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Global Production Trends
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports that global marine landings were 93 million tons in 2016, a roughly consistent level over the last twenty years.1 The FAO determines landings primarily based on self-reporting by country governments, which means its statistics are largely dependent on the accuracy and reliability of national-level data.
Two other sources, Sea Around Us2 and Watson and Tidd (2018)3, attempt to correct for possible gaps in this approach by using catch reconstruction methodologies. Catch reconstructions include difficult-to-monitor categories such as artisanal landings, discards, and illegal fishing to approximate the amount of fish removed from the ocean each year. Incorporating these unreported categories of catch places global landings approximately 20 to 35 percent higher than FAO's officially reported figures.4 Both catch reconstruction methodologies suggest that total global catch has been on a slight downward trajectory since the mid-1990s, though without significant change in the last five years. This general decline is despite significant increases in overall fishing effort over the same period.5
An estimated 20 percent of global fish catch, representing 11-26 million tonnes of landings is caught illegally, accounting for an annual economic loss of USD 10-23.5 billion.6 According to data from Watson and Tidd (2018), which uses the same methodology, illegal and unreported fishing accounted for roughly 25 percent of landings in 2015 (representing 32 million tons); this level has been relatively stable in recent years.7 While these figures represent the best available global estimates, accurately determining the scale of IUU is a decisive challenge, which is one reason for the wide confidence intervals.
As wild capture landings plateaued in recent decades, a major redistribution of catch has taken place between developed and developing economies. Total landings in developed countries, primarily in North America and Europe, declined by a third since the late 1980s.8 Meanwhile developing economies (including China, Peru, and Russia) have seen consistent increases in catch—from representing 40 percent of global catch in 1980 to 65 percent in 2016.9
Regionally, Asia has experienced the most notable expansion in catch, with a nine-fold increase since the 1950s. Since 2012, wild capture landings by Asian countries have exceeded landings by the rest of the world combined. In 2016, Asian countries accounted for 53 percent of global catch with China alone harvesting nearly one-fifth of global catch volume.10 Recent research suggests that the continued high productivity of some Asian fisheries is at least partly driven by heavy fishing pressure and speciation, the shift in ecosystem composition toward smaller, more productive species.11
Global Stock Status
While the overall volume of global marine capture landings has not fluctuated significantly over the past thirty years, it does not follow that the state of fisheries resources is also stable. Official data from the FAO suggests that the status of global stocks is poor, ranking 33 percent of assessed major stocks as overfished in 2015 (the most recent published year).12 FAO data indicate that the portion of overfished stocks has steadily expanded over time—from 10 percent of stocks in 1975 to 33 percent in 2015—but has slightly stabilized in recent years.13 Most stocks remain unassessed, and more than half of monitored fisheries are depleted to the point of yielding little or no catch. The FAO has recorded an improvement in many mid- and high-latitude fish stocks over the past decade due to improved fisheries management.
An alternative perspective, from the Sea Around Us, suggests that two-fifths of stocks—a slightly larger proportion than the FAO estimate—may be overfished or collapsed. However, data from Sea Around Us also indicate that the proportion of stocks undergoing rebuilding has increased slightly in recent years. The Sea Around Us data, which considers both assessed and unassessed stocks, suggests that 40 percent of stocks were overexploited or collapsed in 2014, the most recent published year. Its data indicate that the proportion of stocks currently rebuilding has been slowly increasing since the mid-1990s. As of 2014, 7.4 percent of stocks were classified as rebuilding; 8.6 percent as developing; 37 percent as exploited; 30 percent as overexploited; and 17 percent as collapsed.14
These companion charts show the percentage of stocks rebuilding, developing, exploited, over-exploited and collapsed. The top chart (Proportion of stocks by stock status) displays the overall health of stocks, weighting each stock equally, while the bottom chart (Proportion of catch by stock status) categories overall landings by volume according to stock status.
Global charts depicting changes in stock status tend to mask notable regional variations. Available data suggests that in places where fisheries management is sufficient, managed stocks are improving and overfishing is decreasing.15 In places where the strength of fisheries management is low, stock status may be worse than official sources such as the FAO suggest.16 This implies that narratives such as "90 percent of the world's stocks are fully or overfished" often overlook important regional variations and thus may be overly pessimistic in depicting global stock status as declining.17
As shown in the RAM Legacy Database, stock assessment data are available for roughly half of global marine fish catch (Figure 2.8).18
Fig. 2.8. Global status of assessed fish and invertebrate stocks
Source: RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database. 2018. Version 4.44-assessment-only. Released December 12, 2018. Accessed May 20, 2018. Retrieved from DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2542919.
For the half of the world's fish catch for which abundance data are available, there has generally been an uptick in the biomass of fish stocks in recent years.19 In contrast, unassessed stocks are believed to have continued to decline.20 In several countries, reduction in fishing pressure is directly associated with fisheries management policy changes. Examples where fishing pressure has decreased after policy changes include: the Magnuson-Stevens Act in the United States (revised in 1996), Common Fisheries Policy in Atlantic Europe (updated in 2002), and total allowable catches for several species in Japan (introduced in 1996).
Fisheries Management and Governance
Overfishing is tightly associated with insufficient fisheries management capacity. The Fisheries Management Index (FMI), which relies on expert surveys to rate management effectiveness on a stock-by-stock basis, found substantial variation in management globally. The analysis found that three management attributes related to science-based limits are the largest determining factors of a country's stock health: effectiveness of stock assessments, strength of fishing pressure limits, and comprehensiveness of enforcement programs.21
The FMI survey was conducted in 2016 and 2018. Over that two-year period, there was relatively little change in the FMI scores of individual countries.22 The FMI scores continue to hold a strong positive correlation with GDP per capita and a negative correlation with capacity-enhancing subsidies.
According to the second edition of the World Bank's "Sunken Billions" analysis, the suboptimal management of fisheries carries significant economic losses: as much as USD 83 billion (in 2012 dollars) are lost annually in foregone economic benefits compared to what could be generated through more sustainable management of fisheries.23 The 2017 analysis found that the estimated Sunken Billions were reduced modestly by USD 4 billion (from USD 87 billion between 2004 and 2012).
These economic losses are heavily driven by the overcapitalization of the fishing industry; capacity-enhancing subsidies have been identified as a key driver in facilitating excessive fishing capacity.24 The most recent estimate of global fisheries subsidies (published in 2016) suggests that annual fisheries subsidies were about USD 35 billion (in 2009 dollars).25 This estimate is roughly similar to two previous estimates which used a similar methodology.
For some countries that subsidize their high-seas fishing fleet—including China, Taiwan, and Russia—the government subsidies far exceed fishing profits. This suggests that high-seas fishing, which accounts for 6 percent of global catch, would not be profitable at its current scale for these countries without subsidies.26 Unprofitable fisheries can be propped up by underreporting high-seas catch and by using unfair labor compensation (or no compensation), both of which contribute to IUU.27
The practice of distant-water fishing, defined as fishing in areas far removed from a country's domestic waters, has been dominated by a small number of countries in recent decades, particularly Taiwan, South Korea, Spain, and China. These countries have continuously expanded the mean distance to fishing grounds by more than 2000 km between 1950 to 2014.28 Among the top 20 fishing countries of the world, catches from the high seas and EEZs of other countries increased by more than 600 percent from 1950 to 2014—a trend which illustrates the prevalence of distant-water fishing among countries that supply most of the world's wild-caught seafood.29
Fig. 2.12. Trends in the distance traveled to fish (1950 to 2014)
Source: Tickler, David, Jessica J. Meeuwig, Maria-Lourdes Palomares, Daniel Pauly, and Dirk Zeller. "Far from Home: Distance Patterns of Global Fishing Fleets." Science Advances 4, no. 8 (August 2018): eaar3279. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar3279.
One of the responses to overfishing has been an array of market-driven efforts to promote sustainability. In the past decade, corporate sustainable seafood has become mainstream as commitments by retailers, food service companies, and supply chains have driven market-based conservation interventions in the fisheries sector. Certification and fishery improvement projects are now underway in over 600 fisheries, representing nearly 25 percent of wild-caught seafood globally. By species group, tuna, whitefish, salmon and shellfish are the most engaged commodities.30
Between 2012 and 2016, the number of FIPs and MSC-certified fisheries has grown steadily, while the certified share of global landings dipped slightly from 25 percent in 2012 to 23 percent in 2015.31 Additional details on producer progress can be found at Fishery Progress and the MSC annual report.
Certifications and ratings programs have a shared goal of encouraging fisheries to pursue continuous improvement toward environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and economic vitality. Additional information on the complementary role of certifications and ratings programs can be found here. The Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch ratings and eco-certifications have now been applied to about 20 percent of the total wild fisheries production. Among wild capture production and in 2016, Seafood Watch rated one percent of production as "Best Choice," three percent as "Good Alternative," and five percent as "Avoid."32
The global supply of seafood supplies nearly 20 percent of the average per capita animal protein intake for more than 3.1 billion people.33 At a per capita level, food fish consumption has increased from 9.0 kg in 1961 to an all-time high of 20.2 kg in 2015.34 Fish consumption is growing fastest in developing countries, a trend projected to continue at least through 2022.35
The populations of some countries—including Maldives, Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Ghana—derive more than half of their animal protein from fish.36 While country-level statistics point to the overall contribution of seafood to a country's food supply, these statistics can obscure important sub-national differences. The level of seafood dependence may also be underestimated for some communities given that official statistics tend to underreport subsistence fishing and informal trade. The global development community is increasingly highlighting the role that capture fisheries and aquaculture can play in contributing to food security and nutrition, in support of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. While the body of research on these linkages is growing, quantitative information on the connection between seafood supplies and food security is generally lacking.
Quantifying the prevalence of modern slavery in fisheries at a global level has been challenging to date; however, a new modeling analysis suggests that modern slavery is at high- to medium-risk of occurring in countries which account for 70 percent of global seafood production.37 The study analyzed data on fisheries management and the level of modern slavery to develop risk factors identifying likely areas of national risk.
The analysis found that modern slavery in major fish-producing countries is driven primarily by a) national fisheries policy (i.e., a country's management to build and often subsidize distant water fishing fleets, and b) wealth and institutional capacity (i.e., large-scale unreported fishing, limited governance and enforcement capabilities, and low productivity fisheries). Countries which are categorized as "high-risk" of experiencing modern slavery in their fishing industry account for 39 percent of the global seafood supply; countries categorized as "medium risk" provide 31 percent of global seafood supply.
Stakeholders from government, industry, and civil society are increasingly working to collaborate on campaigns to address human rights abuses in the seafood supply chain. One such initiative includes the "SeaChange IGNITE" Initiative, announced at the 2018 Our Ocean Conference. As a partnership between Thai Union, Chicken of the Sea, and Monterey Bay Aquarium, this initiative includes an initial USD 73 million commitment to advance improvements in the seafood supply chain, with a focus on Southeast Asia.38
Fig. 2.15. Top 20 fishing countries categorized according to risk of modern slavery in fishing industry
- China
- Japan
- Russia
- Spain
- South Korea
- Taiwan
- Thailand
High Risk
- Chile
- India
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Morocco
- Peru
- Philippines
- Vietnam
Medium Risk
- Iceland
- Denmark
- Norway
- United States
Low Risk
Marine Fisheries Notes
- FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FishStatJ — Software for Fishery Statistical Time Series, updated July 21, 2016.
- Pauly D. and Zeller D., editors. Sea Around Us Concepts, Design and Data, www.seaaroundus.org, 2015.
- Watson, Reg A., and A. Tidd. "Mapping Nearly a Century and a Half of Global Marine Fishing: 1869–2015." Marine Policy 93 (July 2018): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.04.023.
- Pauly D. and Zeller D., editors. Sea Around Us Concepts, Design and Data.
- J.D. Bell, R.A. Watson, Y. Ye. "Global fishing capacity and fishing effort from 1950–2012." Fish and Fisheries. 18 (3) (2017) 489–505.
- Agnew, David J, John Pearce, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tom Peatman, Reg Watson, and Tony J Pitcher. "Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing." PLoS ONE 4, no. 2 (2009): 8.
- Watson, Reg A., and A. Tidd. "Mapping Nearly a Century and a Half of Global Marine Fishing: 1869–2015."
- FAO, FishStatJ — Software for Fishery Statistical Time Series.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Cao, Ling, Yong Chen, Shuanglin Dong, Arthur Hanson, Bo Huang, Duncan Leadbitter, David C. Little, et al. "Opportunity for Marine Fisheries Reform in China." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 3 (January 17, 2017): 435–42.
- FAO, ed. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018. Rome, 2018.
- Ibid.
- Pauly D. and Zeller D., eds. Sea Around Us Concepts, Design and Data.
- Rosenberg et al. "Applying a New Ensemble Approach to Estimating Stock Status of Marine Fisheries around the World." Conservation Letters, January/February 2018, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12363.
- Melnychuk, Michael C., Emily Peterson, Matthew Elliott, and Ray Hilborn. "Fisheries Management Impacts on Target Species Status." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609915114.
- FAO. "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all." Rome: 2016.
- RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database. 2018. Version 4.44-assessment-only. Released December 12, 2018. Accessed May 20, 2018. Retrieved from DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2542919.
- RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database. 2018.
- Costello, Christopher et al., "Global Fishery Prospects Under Contrasting Management Regimes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 18 (2016): 5125-29, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520420113.
- Melnychuk, Michael C., Emily Peterson, Matthew Elliott, and Ray Hilborn. "Fisheries Management Impacts on Target Species Status." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609915114.
- Melnychuk, M., C. Ashbrook, M. Pons, R. Hilborn. "Assessing the effectiveness and recent changes in fisheries management systems of 28 fishing nations with the Fisheries Management Index survey." University of Washington. August 27, 2018.
- World Bank. "The Sunken Billions Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Global Marine Fisheries." Washington, DC: World Bank. Environment and Sustainable Development series, 2017. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0919-4.
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, Vicky Lam, Frédéric Le Manach, Wilf Swartz, and Daniel Pauly. "Global Fisheries Subsidies: An Updated Estimate." Marine Policy 69 (July 2016): 189–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.026.
- Ibid.
- Sala, Enric, Juan Mayorga, Christopher Costello, David Kroodsma, Maria L. D. Palomares, Daniel Pauly, U. Rashid Sumaila, and Dirk Zeller. "The Economics of Fishing the High Seas." Science Advances 4, no. 6 (June 2018): eaat2504. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2504.
- Ibid.
- Tickler, David, Jessica J. Meeuwig, Maria-Lourdes Palomares, Daniel Pauly, and Dirk Zeller. "Far from Home: Distance Patterns of Global Fishing Fleets." Science Advances 4, no. 8 (August 2018): eaar3279. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar3279.
- Ibid.
- CEA Consulting, "Progress toward sustainable seafood — by the numbers." Prepared for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 2017.
- Ibid.
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch, Seafood Watch Ratings, data provided to CEA on November 2, 2018.
- FAO, ed. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018.
- Ibid.
- CEA Consulting, "Progress toward sustainable seafood — by the numbers."
- Bennett, Abigail, Pawan Patil, Kristin Kleisner, Doug Rader, John Virdin, and Xavier Basurto, "Contribution of Fisheries to Food and Nutrition Security: Current Knowledge, Policy, and Research," 2018, NI Report 18–02, Durham, NC: Duke University.
- Tickler, D, Bryant, K, David, F, Forrest, J A, Gordon, E, Larsen, J J, Meeuwig, J, Oh, B, Pauly, D, Sumaila, U R and Zeller, D. "Common causes, shared solutions: The relationship between modern slavery and the race to fish." [undergoing review for publication].
- Chase, Chris. "Thai Union, Chicken of the Sea, and Monterey Bay Aquarium announce sustainability collaboration," Seafood Source, October 30, 2018, https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainability/thai-union-chicken-of-the-sea-and-monterey-bay-aquarium-announce-sustainability-collaboration. (Accessed November 8, 2018)


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At ARCSA-USA, we take a ton of pride in supplying the most reasonable prices and caring for your complete tree service demands in Cortland, Nebraska. Our highly-trained and qualified arborist crew in Cortland, NE works to make certain that you along with your tree will receive the amount of service which you are worthy of. We will only use the highest quality equipment and gear always make sure that the tree trimming results in a professional visual appeal that coerces others to ask who conducted the job in Cortland. The tree service in Cortland, Nebraska is our specialty, although in addition we supply essential customer service skills like showing up promptly. You should definitely speak to ARCSA-USA whenever you need tree trimming or tree removal in Cortland, or if you would simply just wish to learn more about the services we offer.
Our Cortland, NE Tree Service Business's Motivation to Help
While some citizens in Cortland, NE may be able to complete their own tree trimming work, this is not the case with everybody. With that being said, you need to ensure you know exactly what you are doing when performing any type of tree service because errors are not hard to make. As the tree continues to grow older and naturally increase in size, power tools will also be required. Bigger trees also mean the need for utilizing these power tools on ladders, which can result in injury. As you are probably starting to see, allowing an established team of arborists, such as the ones at ARCSA-USA is a much better option when having tree removal done. If you are a fan of power tools and equipment and heights, we could understand why you might enjoy the idea of doing the stump grinding in Cortland yourself, but you still need to determine if the risk of injury is worth it over a minimal amount of cash.
Making Use of Equipment in Cortland, NE
Whenever we are doing tree trimming throughout Cortland, NE, our staff heavily relies upon the use of both hand and electric pruners as well as shears. Ensuring that we can give the tree its nicest appearance comes as a direct result of these types of tools. Most people are led to think that a chainsaw is all that we use to perform a tree removal, but this could not be further from the case. Although a chainsaw is used to cut the tree down, the roots that are buried deep underground do not mysteriously come loose when the tree hits the ground. The issue with the roots still being underground is that they will hinder the attempted growth of a new tree planted within the same area. Chippers, cherrypickers, and various kinds of ladders will also be used during nearly all of our tree service processes.
When you do not wish to invest money into costly tools and end up with a tree that looks like it was cut in half, our tree trimming business in Cortland, NE is a wonderful option. Along with ensuring that the tree looks as professional as possible, we also present the most affordable rates. To talk about your tree service needs or to plan an appointment, give ARCSA-USA a ring at 888-405-6810 today.
Which Tree Trimming Company in Cortland, NE is Greatest for You?
At ARCSA-USA, we agree that trees are one of nature's most beautiful aspects, but you also need to take proper care of them before they detract the appearance of your Cortland, Nebraska property. Since tree trimming and pruning dictate the direction and shape in which the tree will grow, we recommend having both of these procedures performed at least each year. Tree removal is yet another necessary service we offer once a tree has been badly damaged or has deceased. It is always best to allow a Cortland tree service company to handle all of these jobs as they know how to complete them safely and they have already made the expensive investment in tools and other equipment. When you need a tree service agency in Cortland with the experience to handle all of your demands, give us a call at 888-405-6810.
Cortland, NE Client Experience
While completing the tree service in Cortland, NE without causing more harm than good is very important, we also think that all companies should provide the highest possible level of customer support. Since we are firm believers in this way of thinking, you will never be mistreated. Aggressive pricing and well-timed arrival are two of the customer service resources we are well known for. In fact, we also offer emergency services in instances where it looks like your tree may break in half any minute.
Evaluating Cortland, NE Equipment
Along with premium customer support, we also think that a tree service company in Cortland, NE should have the proper equipment. They need to have bucket trucks along with various sizes and styles of ladders. Chippers are another crucial tool that all reputable tree trimming companies should utilize. Hand and power tools and equipment, such as pruners and shears also need to be in their arsenal to ensure that tree trimming work leaves smooth results. Lastly, if they promote tree removal services, you will need to ensure that they have both chainsaws and stump grinders. The stump grinding tool is used to get the stump along with its roots pulled out of the ground, so you can grow another tree in the same spot. Our arborist team is properly trained in the using of all of this equipment, and they always bring it with them when needed.
You have likely invested a lot of time into selecting the perfect tree and looking after it, so you do not want to leave trimming and other services to just anybody in Cortland, NE. Anytime ARCSA-USA does your tree service work, we take a sense of ownership in the appearance of your tree since we want you to tell others about our level of service. Make sure you give us a call today at 888-405-6810 to plan a tree trimming or other kind of service or if you have questions.


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It took a few minutes Sunday evening for Michigan State to find its groove, but when it did, there was nothing stopping the Spartans from cruising to a victory in their first game in more than a week.
Ninth-ranked Michigan State (9-2) used a 27-4 run in the first half to blow the game open and earn a 104-83 victory over Green Bay at the Breslin Center in East Lansing, Mich.
Nick Ward scored a career-high 28 points on 12-for-13 shooting while grabbing nine rebounds and blocking four shots for the Spartans. Ward was one of six players in double figures as Cassius Winston scored 16, Joshua Langford added 13 and Matt McQuaid chipped in 12. Freshmen Gabe Brown and Foster Loyer added 11 and 10 points, respectively, off the bench.
Sandy Cohen III scored 22 to lead Green Bay (6-6) while JayQuan McCloud added 17 points. Kameron Hankerson chipped in 11 points for the Phoenix and Manny Patterson scored 10.
The Spartans weren't exactly sluggish to start, but the Phoenix were on fire, making 10 of their first 15 shots and opening a 22-17 lead on Michigan State with 14 minutes to play in the first half.
That's when things cooled off for Green Bay and Michigan State took off by outscoring Green Bay 47-13 the rest of the way to take a 64-35 lead at the break, the most first-half points for Michigan State since it scored 63 last season against Cleveland State. The Spartans made their last seven shots of the half, including a flurry in the final seconds.
Winston drove the length of the court and scored on a layup with just less than five seconds left in the half. Xavier Tillman then stole the inbounds pass and hit a 3-pointer from the corner at the buzzer to cap a 12-0 surge to close the half.
Ward was 9 for 9 from the field, scoring 22 points and blocking four shots. Winston and McQuaid each scored 10 for the Spartans while Winston also had eight of his 12 assists in the half.
It was more of the same in the second half as Michigan State pushed its lead to 34 points before the backups started getting more minutes and the Phoenix started hitting deep 3s, though too late to do anything other than trim the final margin.
--Field Level Media