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United States, Florida, The Villages
Today number of views: 12
Date created:
Listing updated:
- Listing ID:
- 1169
- Village of:
- Caroline
- Type:
- Rental
- Property type:
- Patio Villa
- Section:
- North of CR466A (Sumter Landing)
- Price:
- Check Description or Inquire for Pricing
- Pets Allowed:
- Pet Considered
- Bedrooms:
- 2
- Bathrooms:
- 2
- Den:
- No
- Total square:
- 1156 ft
- View:
- Standard
- Short Description:
- SEPTEMBER DEAL: Only $410/wk, $60/day FREE GAS GOLF CART! Adorable Patio Villa! Not your average, 'bare bones' investment rental. This is where our family stays when they come.
- Description:
Brand-New Luxury Linoleum Just Added to Both Bedrooms. Hard-floors throughout whole house.
Located in the heart of The Villages. Perfect, cozy place for the vacation you are looking for.
Minutes away from Lake Sumter Landing, in the village of Caroline. Come stay at our lovely vacation home. There are numerous options for golf, recreation, food, and entertainment within just an extremely short golf cart ride. Numerous rec centers and swimming pools just minutes away.
Just a fantastic location. Less than 5 minutes in the golf cart and you are at Sumter Landing.
AVAILABILITY & RATES - dates listed are the dates still available:
(3-night minimum unless otherwise noted. Prices don't include $100 cleaning fee + FL sales tax)
AUGUST '20: $1400/month, $450/week, $75/night
SEPTEMBER '20: $1750/month, $500/week, $80/night
OCTOBER '20: $2000/month, $575/week, $85/night
NOVEMBER '20: $2350/month, $625/week, $95/night
DECEMBER '20: $3200/month, $800/week, $115/night
JANUARY '21: $135/night (21-night minimum. Available from Jan. 5 to Feb. 1)
FEBRUARY '21: Booked
MARCH '21: Booked
Utilities, Xfinity TV, High-Speed Wi-Fi, Trash, Lawncare included.
A small, well-behaved dog is welcome with a pet cleaning fee of $100 in addition to the standard cleaning fee.
This isn't your average, 'bare bones' investment rental. This is where our family stays when they come to visit. It is furnished with quality linens, furniture, and kitchen equipment.
The village of Caroline is a great location if you're looking to spend some time in The Villages.
- 2-Seater GAS GOLF CART
- 24/7 Golf Cart Service
- Front Lanai
- Side Patio-area
- Gas BBQ Grill
- Indoor Laundry
- Well-furnished Kitchen
- Garage fits a golf cart and a car
- XFinity, High-Speed Wi-Fi
- Roku (log into your own Netflix, Amazon Prime, HBOGO, Hulu, etc.)
FL Sales Tax: 9%
Cleaning Fee: $100
- What is near?:
- Lake Sumter Landing Coconut Grove Pool & Recreation Center Mallory Square Pool Mallory Hill Golf & Country Club
- Rental Policies and Payments.:
25% of the total rental amount is due at the time of signing this agreement. This is non-refundable and is used to reserve the time period you have selected for your stay. The rest of the payment is due at least 6 weeks prior to the check-in date.
Cancellations must be made at least 4 weeks prior to check-in date in order to be refunded the total rental amount minus the reservation deposit unless otherwise agreed upon.
After said period prior to the rental start date, the Owner shall have the right to retain the initial Reservation Deposit as well as the additional rental amount, at the Owner's discretion. Cleaning fees and taxes will be refunded in full.
To take advantage of golf course amenities, a $50 temporary residential pass will be required, which will also give you access to pools and rec centers.
If you do not need the same golf course privileges/discounts as residents, but would like to have access to swimming pools and other recreation areas, you will need a regular guest pass. You can still golf with this pass, you'll just have to pay green fees on Executive Courses and it'll be more expensive to golf Championship courses.
We will need to know at least a month before your check-in date that you want
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Work is moving along well on the University Drive twinning project but weather and challenges with underground utilities have caused a delay in the re-opening of the Grand River Blvd intersection. Those accessing the RiverStone neighbourhood via Grand River Blvd can now expect the intersection to re-open on October 11, rather than the original September 30 timeline.
This phase of the project involves intersection expansion, new traffic lights and the installation of underground utilities.
Residents in RiverStone, are asked to continue using RiverStone Blvd W or Riverglen Link W to access University Drive W.
For more information on the University Drive Twinning project visit: https://getinvolvedlethbridge.ca/university-drive-twinning
Media Contact: Robert Kovacs, Project Manager Phone: 403-360-5991 email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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KatbusGallery Art
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Hullabaloo rules…
The verdict is in and it is a resounding YES to 2D animation. This is animation history in the making, so says it on BuzzFeed and it sure feels that way. Almost 11,000 people from all across the globe have … Continue reading
Posted in Animation, Personal Milestones Tagged 2D Animation, Alexa Goriup Summerfield, Buzzfeed, Dominique Cabrera Lopez, Evelyn Kriete, hand drawn animation, Hullabaloo, Indiegogo, Jake Akuna, James Lopez, James Lopez Animation, Katbusgallery, Leo Oliveto, Steampunk, The Art of James Lopez, Traditional animation Leave a comment


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Its that time again .. Im doing my weekly recap with Sami
I spent Friday relaxing with my brother at his place watchin Ted. OMG if you havent seen Ted, you need to download it, buy it, steal it - do whatever it is that you do to watch movies (I wont judge you its worth it) Pretty sure I've watched it like 4 times since buying it! That night I was going to crash there but seeing how my brother and his friends were down to get roudy, and I was down to go to bed, I decided to just go home.
I had to work all day until 630 then my hoe Audri came and picked me up. We jetted to my place for a little while then back to her place. Our other bestie came over too. She had a hoot watchin us drunks get drunk, and being our DD for the night! After getting ready at Audris we headed to our buddies fergie ferg aka mcjagers house for some predrinks and laughs before heading to the bar -
If you have me on facebook check out the lil elf video I uploaded, or if your smart tell me how to upload it here (from a Mac :( )because its funny as shit!
I was suppose to go to my families christmas party but the events from the night befor lead for different plans like waking up at 1pm, lounging around audris house till we had enough energy to get breakfest from our fav joint, The Skyline :) After that we toured around town for a bit getting some shit done that we needed to. I went over to my brothers after to chill out there with him. Him and his friend (who kept calling me Oprah or his BFF) left to go to a bar and I was way to tired to want to go with so I sat it out and the boys went out. About 2 hours later my brother comes back, without said friend because he got drunk, picked a fight with some old man who came at him with a knief because my brothers friend was on his roof (ya, ppl here are a wee bit crazy, in a good way..). Long story short the cops came, attempted to arrest my brothers friend but he ran away so now his locations are a little bit on the unknown side. Never a dull moment!
How was you weekend Love bugs!?!
Also Linking up with Molly, who mosted this MLK quote on her blog, and I instantly fell inlove with it, thanks for sharing!!
"Returning hate for hate multiplies hate, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars. Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that." -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.


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Huge product rangeOver 140,000 books & equipment products
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Butterflies are particularly sensitive to climate and are important `bio-indicators' of climatic change. This unique and important book not only explores how butterflies adapt to climatic gradients and weather patterns; it shows how their biogeography and evolution have responded to climate change in the past, and how they are likely to respond in the future as the enhanced greenhouse effect increasingly alters the world's climate. This book is a major contribution not only to insect ecology, but also to our understanding of how anthropogenic climate change affects natural populations and ecosystems.


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The Parker pen company offers a line of mechanical pencils that are refillable with double-length lead. The led is extended through the mechanical pencil by twisting the cap to extract the lead to your desired length. Lead refills are added to the pencil by turning the cap clockwise until it clicks, indicating that the lead has cleared the tube. Turning the cap counter-clockwise until you hear another click will reveal a hole to insert the lead into the pencil.
Twist the cap to the right until you hear a click indicating that the the tube is free of lead.
Twist the cap to the left until another click is heard and a hole is exposed at the top of the pencil.
Place double-length lead into the hole near the cap. You can insert up to six pieces of lead in the Parker mechanical pencil at one time. Use your finger to push the lead down into the hole, making sure it is set all the way through the hole.
Twist the pencil cap clockwise to close the hole and extract the pencil lead about 1/8-inch. Lightly push the tip of the Parker mechanical pencil against a flat surface to secure the lead into the clutch tube.
Twisting the cap to the right will extend the lead. Turning the cap to the left retracts the lead back into the pencil.


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We'd like to share the good news that on October 7, 2019 Key Container has again passed the extensive yearly food safety audit for Yum! Brands, Inc. with flying colors. The audit conducted by William Thomas Huntley & Associates achieved the impressive score of 99.53 %.
This all-encompassing audit closely examined not only cleanliness and sanitation of our building's interior and exterior but also the equipment and machinery used in Yum! Brand's sub-contractor's packaging Key Container manufactures. Some of the areas closely scrutinized and scored were: box quality, job center as well as overall plant cleanliness, pest control, preventive maintenance procedures, ceiling condition, lighting safety and mock recall testing.
Yum! Brands, Inc., based in Louisville, Kentucky, has over 48,000 restaurants in more than 145 countries and territories primarily operating the company's restaurant brands – KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell – global leaders of the chicken, pizza and Mexican-style food categories. Worldwide, the Yum! Brands system opens over eight new restaurants per day on average, making it a leader in global retail development. In 2018, Yum! Brands was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index and ranked among the top 100 Best Corporate Citizens by Corporate Responsibility Magazine. In 2019, Yum! Brands was named to the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index for the second consecutive year.
We hope you'll agree that passing the Yum Brands, Inc. Quality Compliance Audit with a score in the 99th percentile sends a strong message of how serious we at Key Container take our commitment to providing our customers with the utmost level of safety and comfort when trusting us to package their food and industrial products.
Congratulations to all team members who were responsible for these outstanding results!
Bob Watts
President Key Container Company


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Month End Sale - Extra $20 OFF + Free Shipping on orders over $99, - Code: HOLIDAY20
In Stock
Month End SpecialSale ends Oct, 29
Tom Cruise has originated so many styles for the audience and here is one example from his popular movie. The Mission Impossible Rogue Leather Jacket Mens, he wore while portraying as the operation agent, Ethan Hunt.
The Ethan Hunt Leather Jacket shares similar details of the original to ensure you get favorable comments in the end. It is overall created with real leather, features one front zipper, two pockets, and cuff hem zipper. Enjoy the comfort while donning in Rogue Nation Tom Cruise Jacket.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
Posted by Dayle
the jacket is same as advertised. No problem regarding fitting and size.


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7.27.2012Thousands of race fans at Michigan International Speedway are annually touched by the Olympic Games – and they probably don't even know it.
7.26.2012Michigan International Speedway has been nationally recognized for its safety and security practices during its NASCAR Sprint Cup Series events.
7.24.2012A huge lineup of talent headlined by The Romantics and Fuel is planned for the Budweiser Acceleration Concert at Michigan International Speedway on Saturday, Aug. 18.
7.23.2012Michigan International Speedway will host 28 teams on Monday, July 30 when Goodyear holds a one-day tire test for all NASCAR Sprint Cup Series teams.


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The purpose of this Code of Practice is to address those matters contained in sections 20-22 of the Education Act 1994 concerning the operation of Students' Unions. This Code of Practice has been agreed between the University of Cumbria and the University of Cumbria Students' Union, pursuant to the provisions of the Act.
1. Status of the Students' Union
The University of Cumbria Students' Union is recognised by the University Board as an association of students of the university as defined in the University's Memorandum and Articles of Association. As prescribed in the Articles of Association the Students' Union conducts and manages its own affairs and funds in accordance with a constitution approved by the University Board and is required to present audited accounts annually to the appropriate sub-committee of the University Board.
2. Constitution of the Students' Union
The University of Cumbria Students' Union has a written constitution agreed by its Trustee Board and approved by the University Board. The constitution is subject to review by the University Board at intervals not exceeding five years. Interim adjustments are also subject to the approval of the University Board.
3. Membership of the Students' Union
3.1 All enrolled students of the University of Cumbria will become full members of the University of Cumbria Students' Union unless they exercise their right to opt out of membership of the Union.
3.2 Students wishing to relinquish their right to membership may do so at any point during their course by writing to the Students' Union. A student may regain their membership by further writing to the Union and their rights will be reinstated. If the application for reinstatement falls within twenty term-time working days of the commencement of elections the member may not have their membership rights reinstated until the election has been concluded.
3.3 Students who have chosen to opt out of membership of the Students' Union shall not be permitted to:
i. Vote in Students' Union elections, ballots or referenda;
ii. Stand for office in any Students' Union elections, ballots or referenda;
iii. Hold office in any Union club or society
3.4 Students who have chosen to opt out of membership shall be entitled to:
i. Use all other services and facilities provided by the Students' Union;
ii. Join any Students' Union club, society or group and participate in their activities.
3.5 The President of the Students' Union will prepare an annual report for the University Board of the University within the academic year which states the number of students who have decided to opt out of membership of the Students' Union for that academic year.
3.6 The University has not made any special arrangements for the provision of services to those who have chosen to opt out of Students' Union membership as it is satisfied that the facilities available to such students through the University and Students' Union are such as to ensure that such students are not unfairly disadvantaged with regard to the provision of services or otherwise as required by section 22(2) C of the 1994 Act.
4. Students' Union Election Procedures
4.1 The constitution of the Students' Union provides that the appointment of Union officers shall be by election in a secret ballot in which all members are fairly and properly consulted. It provides for the nomination of an independent Returning Officer who is responsible for ensuring that such elections are fairly and properly conducted in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The independent Returning Officer shall prepare a report for the University Board that confirms that elections have been fairly and properly conducted.
4.2 No person shall hold sabbatical union office, or paid elected office for more than two years in total.
5. Finances of the Students' Union
5.1 The Students' Union is responsible for ensuring that it:
i. Keeps accounts and accounting records in accordance with normal professional accounting principles;
ii. Maintains a sound system of internal financial management and control within Financial Regulations subject to periodic audit as deemed appropriate by the University;
iii. Plans and conducts its financial affairs so as to ensure that its total income is at least sufficient, taking one year with another, to meet its total expenditure and that its financial solvency is maintained;
iv. Obtains the prior written consent of the University's Vice Chancellor or nominee to any single transaction in excess of 10% of block grant, involving land, buildings or equipment;
v. Obtains the prior written consent of the University's Vice Chancellor or nominee to the borrowing of any money or any hiring or leasing arrangements for a period in excess of 12 months where the cost to the Union per year would exceed 5% of block grant;
vi. Does not give any guarantees or indemnities incurring contingent liabilities other than in the normal course of business;
vii. Maintains adequate insurance cover for the Union's owned assets, sporting activities, public and employer's liabilities, all third party risks and any other appropriate risks.
6. Approval of Budgets
6.1 The Students' Union is required to:
i. Prepare budgets for the following financial year as requested by the University Directors;
ii. To obtain the approval of the Union General Meeting to such budgets.
7. Monitoring of Expenditure
7.1 The Students' Union is required to:
i. Prepare audited accounts in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles within five months of the end of the financial year;
ii. Obtain the approval of the Union General Meeting to such accounts, make them available to all members and to submit them to the University within six months of the end of the financial year;
iii. Provide periodic reports of income and expenditure against budget for consideration by the Union General Meeting and the University at such times and for such periods as the University may from time to time determine, and make them available to all members;
iv. Include, within its annual accounts and financial reports, a list of external organisations to which it has made donations in the periods to which such accounts or reports relate and details of such donations;
v. Make available the books and accounting records of the Union to the University for inspection upon request.
8. Allocation of Resources for Clubs and Societies
8.1 A fair procedure for allocating resources to the Union's clubs and societies is set out in writing and a copy of the procedure is available at the offices of the Union.
8.2 The Students' Union budget shall include an allocation for grants to the Union's recognised Clubs and Societies and these funds will be disbursed following applications from recognised groups and in accordance with the written procedure.
9. Affiliation to External Organisations
9.1 The Students' Union will publish promptly, by way of minutes to meetings, of the Union General Meetings, any decision it has made to affiliate to an external organisation, stating the name of the organisation and details of the subscription, fees or donations.
9.2 The Union will review all external affiliations to external organisations at least once a year. A request may be made by not less than 100 members of the Students Union, by way of petition to the President, for the question of affiliation to any particular external organisation to be decided upon by a secret ballot in which all members are entitled to vote.
9.3 If the President receives such a petition s/he shall notify the Returning Officer who will conduct a referendum in accordance with the Constitution.
10. Complaints Procedure
10.1 Any registered student having cause to complain about their dealings with the Students' Union, in that they have been unfairly treated or in relation to any claim of unfair advantage in respect of non-members shall have their complaint dealt with as follows:
i. By the internal complaints procedure set out by the Students' Union. Details of the complaints procedure are available to all students at the offices of the Union and from the University Secretary.
ii. If the student is still dissatisfied once the Union's procedures have been extinguished the matter may be referred to the Vice Chancellor or his/her nominee who shall refer the complaint to an independent person nominated by the University Board who will investigate and report.
iii. The President of the Union will prepare an annual report to the University Board that details the operation of the complaints procedure and the number and type of complaints that have been received in the current year.
10.2 Complaints will be dealt with promptly and fairly and when a complaint is upheld there will be an effective remedy.
11. Charity Law
The Students' Union is subject to the law relating to educational charities. While students may collect funds privately for the support of any lawful cause, the Union may not support political or other causes that are unrelated to its members' interests as students. The National Union of Students has issued a guidance booklet entitled "Trustee Responsibilities & Governance Models for Students' Unions in England and Wales", which explains the restrictions which charity law places upon Students' Unions.
12. Freedom of Speech
The Students' Union and its members are bound by the provisions of the Education (No.2) Act 1986 which provide for the maintenance of free speech in universities and colleges. A Code of Practice is published by the University and can be obtained from the University Secretary.
13. Accountability of Union Officers
13.1 The President is accountable to the Vice Chancellor, and through him/her to the University Board, for the observance of the Students' Union Constitution and for compliance by the Students' Union with all its statutory obligations.
13.2 The Chief Executive is accountable to the President and through him/her to the Students' Union Trustee Board, for the overall management of the Union and for compliance by the Students' Union with all its statutory obligations.
14. Publication of this Code of Practice
14.1 This Code of Practice will be published annually within the information provided to students as part of the induction/registration process.
14.2 This Code of Practice has been approved by the Board of Directors of the University of Cumbria in accordance with the Education Act 1994. From time to time it may be amended, by either the University or the Students' Union, following agreement by both the Students' Union Trustee Board and the University Board.
Reviewed and approved by;
University of Cumbria Board of Directors: 6th October 2011
University of Cumbria Students' Union Trustee Board: 26th October 2011


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Difference between revisions of "Kidney - Loop of Henle Cocuration"
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of a slit diaphragm-like structure in insect nephrocytes. Development. 2009
of a slit diaphragm-like structure in insect nephrocytes. Development. 2009
Jul;136(14):2335-44. Epub 2009 Jun 10. PMID 19515699.
Jul;136(14):2335-44. Epub 2009 Jun 10. PMID 19515699.
== For SLC23A1-HUMAN (Q9UHI7) ==
== For SLC23A1-HUMAN (Q9UHI7) ==
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*Also Fig.3D (p4755) shows stages in LOH elongation during stages of development. - Anlage (in cortex) -> Primitive loop (in cortex and just entering the medulla) -> Immature loop (throughout medulla reaching to the papilla). [YAF 30/09/09]
*Also Fig.3D (p4755) shows stages in LOH elongation during stages of development. - Anlage (in cortex) -> Primitive loop (in cortex and just entering the medulla) -> Immature loop (throughout medulla reaching to the papilla). [YAF 30/09/09]
== For Xenopus irx3 (O42261) and Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)==
== For Xenopus irx3 (O42261) and Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)==
** Expanded the set of new P/D patterning terms I've requested in SF #2860000, to include terms for the macula densa and LOH. [REF 13/10/09]
** Expanded the set of new P/D patterning terms I've requested in SF #2860000, to include terms for the macula densa and LOH. [REF 13/10/09]
|Line 350:
|Line 350:
This is required for annotation of the binding of Androgen receptor protein to the POU domains of Brn1 and Oct1 proteins in PMID 11997177.
This is required for annotation of the binding of Androgen receptor protein to the POU domains of Brn1 and Oct1 proteins in PMID 11997177.
'POU domain binding'- GO NEW possible definition: "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein, In eukaryotes, the POU proteins are usually transcription factors" SF#2871338 (YAF 01/10/09). Midori added POU domain binding GO:0070974.
'POU domain binding'- GO NEW possible definition: "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein, In eukaryotes, the POU proteins are usually transcription factors" SF#2871338 (YAF 01/10/09). Midori added POU domain binding GO:0070974.
== For rat Cited1 (Q4V8P1)==
== For rat Cited1 (Q4V8P1)==
|Line 430:
|Line 429:
== For Human WT1 (P19544)==
== For Human WT1 (P19544)==
From PMID 8132626, requested the new term "Basal transcription activator activity " as a child of 'GO:0016563 transcription activator activity': [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2905055&group_id=36855 SF 2905055] [YAF 27/11/09]
From PMID 8132626, requested the new term "Basal transcription activator activity " as a child of 'GO:0016563 transcription activator activity': [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2905055&group_id=36855 SF 2905055] [YAF 27/11/09]
== For Rat Egr-1 (PO8154)==
== For Rat Egr-1 (PO8154)==
|Line 440:
|Line 438:
From PMID 18723570
From PMID 18723570
New term requested for "(cellular) response to mycophenolic acid" as a child of response to drug GO:0042493 [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2905973&group_id=36855 SF 2905973] for rat Egr1 and rat PDGFB (Q05028)[YAF 30/11/09].
New term requested for "(cellular) response to mycophenolic acid" as a child of response to drug GO:0042493 [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2905973&group_id=36855 SF 2905973] for rat Egr1 and rat PDGFB (Q05028)[YAF 30/11/09].
== For Human BMP4 (P12644) ==
== For Human BMP4 (P12644) ==
SF#2907000: requested the new term 'positive regulation of kidney development' GO:NEW as a child of kidney development GO:0001822 (IDA) as investigated in PMID 10021330. Also asked for addition of the term 'Nephrogenesis' to be added as an exact synonym of kidney development [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2907000&group_id=36855 SF 2907000].
SF#2907000: requested the new term 'positive regulation of kidney development' GO:NEW as a child of kidney development GO:0001822 (IDA) as investigated in PMID 10021330. Also asked for addition of the term 'Nephrogenesis' to be added as an exact synonym of kidney development [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2907000&group_id=36855 SF 2907000].
Also need NTR nephric duct morphogenesis which has been requested in SF# 2902547 [YAF 01/12/09].
Also need NTR nephric duct morphogenesis which has been requested in SF# 2902547 [YAF 01/12/09].
== '''Kidney Development Review Papers''' ==
== '''Kidney Development Review Papers''' ==
Revision as of 03:42, 8 December 2009
- 1 Participants:
- 2 Genes of interest to start annotating
- 3 Comments / Discussion points
- 4 For SLC23A1-HUMAN (Q9UHI7)
- 5 For Xenopus irx3 (O42261)
- 6 For Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)
- 7 For Xenopus irx3 (O42261) and Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)
- 8 For P19091 (ANDR_MOUSE)
- 9 For rat Cited1 (Q4V8P1)
- 10 For mouse Cited1 (P97769)
- 11 For Mouse c-myc (P01108)
- 12 For Mouse Osr1/Odd1 (Q9WVG7)
- 13 For Mouse Id2 (P41136)
- 14 For Mouse Id2 (P41136)
- 15 For Xenopus wt1 (B7ZSG3 and P79958)
- 16 For Mouse Wt1 (P22561)/ Human WT1 (P19544)/ Human BASP1 (P80723) and mouse Basp1 (Q91XV3)
- 17 For Human WT1 (P19544)
- 18 For Rat Egr-1 (PO8154)
- 19 For Human BMP4 (P12644)
- 20 Kidney Development Review Papers
- 21 Kidney Loop of Henle GO Cocuration
- Dr. Yasmin Alam-Faruque - EBI. email: email@example.com
- Dr. Rebecca Foulger - EBI. email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dr. Fiona McCarthy - AgBase. email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Genes of interest to start annotating
This table represents a GO annotation starting list for this project showing the UPKB accession number for each gene and an approximate number of papers from a quick pubmed search for the gene name and the species and kidney function. Please feel free to start annotation whenever suits you and to add comments for discussion and completion date etc. If you come across further genes of interest please add them to the list on this wiki and send them to me so that I can update the xls gene list.
|Involvement in kidney function
|Xenopus Laevis
|Xenopus tropicalis
|yes [YAF]
| PMID 19345287 state (pg 278, top right) that a lack of kidney expression by immunocytochemistry in mice embryos suggests that TESC might not have a significant role in kidney[RF].
PMID 11145610 states that TESC mRNA was present in mouse fetal testis restricted to the testicular cords but was not expressed in the ovary or metanephros. Col9a3 was present at low levels in female and male gonads at 11.5 days and thereafter upregulated in male gonads only and expression was restricted to testicular cords; Renin was localized in cells of the interstitium and cells at the border between the gonad and mesonephros (from abstract and Fig.6 A-L ISH) [YAF 26/08/09]
|B9VMA9 (Slc23a2)/ 1
|-/ 1
|B0JZG0 (Slc23a2)/ -
| There's no chicken or Xenopus Slc23a1 TrEMBLs yet: Slc23a2 entries are closest match, tho according to PMID 17689499, Slc23a1 (SVCT1) is expressed in epithelial systems (eg kidney), whereas Slc23a2(SVCT2) is more expressed in metabolic tissues (eg pancreas, brain, adrenals)[RF].
PMID 17258485 demonstrates presence of chicken-specific SVCT1 mRNA (via RT-PCR)in both cultured and native proximal tubule cells using primers derived from chicken ESTs and hence demonstrates vitamin C transport [YAF 28/08/09]
|P15800(Lamb2)/ -
|yes [YAF 10/11/09]
|PMID 12631063 shows that murine laminin-1 is normally downregulated in early stages of glomerular development and is reexpressed in a murine model of Alport disease becoming concentrated in the glomerular basement membrane projections typical of this disorder - maintains expression of collagen alpha1 and alpha2(IV). hence collagen alpha3(IV) is involved in glomerular basement membrane development since in col4a KO mice there is an abnormal GBM characteristic of immature glomeruli. PMID 16041630 shows abnormal basement membrane in the inner ear and kidney of the Mpv17-/- KO mice, therefore Mpv17 is involved in glomerular basement membrane development and inner ear development. PMID 16631359 is just an article on production of mAb against mouse laminin alpha and beta chains but shows expn in adult kidney [YAF 10/11/09].
|yes [YAF 17/11/09]
|No kidney expression or function for Xenopus Egr1. Induced during mesoderm induction [REF 16/11/09]. Not much for mammalian kidney expression or function. PMID 8530399 shows transcriptional activation/repression of murine egr1 by WT1. PMID 12689920 shows increase in murine egr1 expression by insulin and glucose in murine vascular endothelial cells. PMID 14979875 investigates interaction between human NFATc1 and Sp1/Sp3/EGR1 regulating MT-MMP transcription by glomerular mesangial cells. [YAF 17/011/09]
|Pou3f3 (Brn1)
|P70030 (pou3f2-B)/ -
|A1L0Z1 (Pou3f4)/ -
|yes [YAF]
|PMID 12925600 shows that Brn1 is essential for kidney nephron development and function:-need to request many new terms (see below in Comments section [YAF 18/09/09]. PMID 15249135 shows expression of Brn1 in mouse cortical plate of brain - no functional study in this paper therefore not annotated[YAF 17/11/09].
|Expressed in the developing pronephros in X.laevis (PMID 7734394 and PMID 14651922) but no functional role examined yet[REF 16/11/09].
Id proteins have been shown to disrupt pax interactions with target DNAs, which may explain their role in kidney development (summary from PMID 14651922 based on results in PMID 11134340) [REF 17/11/09]. PMID 7655079 looks at mId3 expression during development of metanephric kidney, tooth development, vertebrate column development and CNS development, so annotated mouse Id3 P41133 to terms with IEP ev code [YAF 17/11/09]. For mouse Id2: PMID 12456807 - not kidney specific but important for mammary gland alveolar epithelial cell differentiation (NTR). PMID 8922523 looks at mRNA expn of mouse Id1/2/3/4 during mouse embryogenesis - Id1-3 seem to be expressed during development of multiple tissues inc. lung/kidney/heart/teeth/cartlage and bone/ vascularization/glandular structures; Id4 seems only to be expressed in the developing neuronal tissues and in ventral epithelium of developing stomach - did not annotate into P2G as it is mRNA expn data?[YAF 24/11/09]
|Xenopus ttr shows some kidney expression but there are no papers relating to it's role in the kidney.
| (Not on GUDMAP LoH list) comparitive paper PMID 17875669 looking at expression of Irx1, 2 and 3 in the mouse LOH (pg 2361-2362) and the function of Xenopus irx3 in the pronephron:
Expression patterns for Xenopus and mouse (PMID 17875669) suggest a function for Irx3 in patterning the nephron by specifying pronephron intermediate tubule and metanephron Henle's loop fates respectively. The function in frogs is confirmed with knock-outs [RF, 15/09/09].
PMID 18715948 looks at Irx1 and Irx2 in Xenopus pronephros development. .
|" (Not on GUDMAP LoH list) Need to be slightly cautious about nomenclature for the irx proteins. Human irx3 is called irx1 in some submissions, and mouse irx2 is called irx6 in PMID 10704856, for example. [REF 24/09/09]
| " (Not on GUDMAP LoH list)
PMID 17875669 show Xirx1 is dispensable for kidney development, but PMID 18715948 show Xirx1 and Xirx3 are required early on to maintain kidney field identity, and then later for formation of the intermediate tubule (contained in the LOH in mammals) [REF 25/09/09]
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list)
|-/ 2
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list)
|-/ 1
|-/ -
|-/ -
|yes [YAF 10/11/09]
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list) PMID 15843474 shows that rat Cited1 is a bifunctional transcriptional cofacor that regulates early nephronic patterning - it inhibits metanephric mesenchyme to epithelium transition and is also able to block UB branching. PMID 16864582 + PMID 11581164 = human CITED1. PMID 14673158 = mouse cited1 involved in placental development. PMID 17615577 mouse cited 1 and cited 2 not required for nephrogenesis.
|yes [YAF 10/11/09]
|PMID 15051727 shows that human CITED2 interacts with the ligand binding domain of rat PPARA and acts as a coactivator for rat PPARA. Also did microarray analysis to show the effect of CITED2 on gene expression.
No papers for X.laevis or X.tropicalis [REF 16/11/09].
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list) PMID 19161241 investigates role of mouse c-myc in nephrogenesis - c-myc mutants had small kidneys and causes renal hyperplasia [YAF 06/11/09].
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list)
Xwt1 plays a role in glomus (pronephric filter system) development; may repress tubule (and duct?) gene expression in the region of the pronephros fated to become the glomus PMID 8725280 PMID 9758706 [REF 24/11/09]. Most mammalian WT1 papers I have annotated are mainly investigating it's transcription repressor activity of certain genes. PMID 19050011 investigates involvement of WT1 and BASP1 in podocyte differentiation (NTR) [YAF 26/11/09].
|-/ 2
|(Not on GUDMAP LoH list)(Found when doing a PM search on kidney development). PMID 16790474 and PMID 18835385 have led to many new terms needing to be created. Also interestingly, reports that in wild type mice there are 2 types of mesonephric tubules that develop: anterior tubules fuse with the nephric duct and posterior tubules that remain unfused with the duct. In Odd1 mutant mice (+ Wt1 mutants - PMID 9118800) the anterior fused tubules differentiate but the posterior tubules are absent [YAF 23/11/09].
Comments / Discussion points
- Comparative paper? PMID 19345287 cites mouse, chicken and xenopus orthologs
- Drosophila use Malpighian tubules for excretion so there is no loop of Henle as such. However there do seem to be common aspects of renal function in flies and vertebrates as indicated in these recent papers:
- The kidneys of larval and adult amphibians do not develop loops of Henle (LOH). However, the layout of the amphibian pronephros (the fully functional embryonic kidney, which is indispensable for larval life) is very similar to the mammalian adult metanephric kidney, and contains tubules similar to those that make up the LOH of mammals (PMID 17875669). [REF 16/09/09]
1: Singh SR, Hou SX. Multipotent stem cells in the Malpighian tubules of adult Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol. 2009 Feb;212(Pt 3):413-23. Review. PMID 19151216.
2: Weavers H, Prieto-Sánchez S, Grawe F, Garcia-López A, Artero R, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Ruiz-Gómez M, Skaer H, Denholm B. The insect nephrocyte is a podocyte-like cell with a filtration slit diaphragm. Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):322-6. Epub 2008 Oct 29. PMID 18971929.
3: Zhuang S, Shao H, Guo F, Trimble R, Pearce E, Abmayr SM. Sns and Kirre, the Drosophila orthologs of Nephrin and Neph1, direct adhesion, fusion and formation of a slit diaphragm-like structure in insect nephrocytes. Development. 2009 Jul;136(14):2335-44. Epub 2009 Jun 10. PMID 19515699.
For SLC23A1-HUMAN (Q9UHI7)
1. NTR item #2846310: to request a new term 'sodium-dependent L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity' as mentioned in PMID 10631088 (IDA) for the function of SVCT1/SLC23A1 (Q9UHI7). I'm not sure if it would be a child of either GO:0022857 transmembrane transporter activity or of GO:0008523 sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity? I also think perhaps that there should be another new term 'L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity' as a child of GO:0022857 transmembrane transporter activity and GO:0015229 L-ascorbic acid transporter activity and then the term 'sodium-dependent L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity' could be a child of that (too)? - Midori added: sodium-dependent L-ascorbate transmembrane transporter activity GO:0070890 [YAF 01/09/09]
2. NTR item #2849019: to request new term transepithelial ascorbic acid transport (or transepithelial ascorbate transport) , as a child of GO:0070633 transepithelial transport, for annotation of the SVCT1 and SVCT2 proteins as described in the recent publication PMID 18417304. -Midori added transepithelial L-ascorbic acid transport GO:0070904 [YAF 03/09/09]
- Added SourceForge request: #2859874 to tweak the definitions of existing kidney terms to cover fish and frogs *SF 2859874: kidney development definitions [REF 16/09/09]
For Xenopus irx3 (O42261)
Added SourceForge request: #2859892 for 2 new kidney terms: *SF 2859892: specification of kidney anlage specification of kidney anlage ; GO:NEW, maintenance of kidney anlage identity ; GO:NEW Needed for annotation of PMID 17875669 [REF 16/09/09]
Added SourceForge request: #2860000 for 6 new terms relating to the proximal/distal subdivision of the nephron late in kidney development: *SF 2860000: proximodistal kidney segmentation
- proximal/distal nephron patterning ; GO:NEW,
- pronephros proximal/distal patterning ; GO:NEW,
- specification of nephron tubule identity ; GO:NEW,
- specification of proximal tubule identity ; GO:NEW,
- specification of intermediate tubule identity ; GO:NEW,
- specification of distal tubule identity ; GO:NEW,
For Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)
From PMID 12925600 - IMP studies show that Brn1 is essential for the development and function of the kidney nephron. will need to request new terms (possibly the same as the above 'specification of .....' terms requested by Becky or maybe children of the above? (will need to discuss with Becky)): ie:
- development(/differentiation/specification) of Loop-of-Henle; GO:NEW, (Fig. 3)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of distal convoluted tubule; GO:NEW, (Fig 2 and Fig 4)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of proximal convoluted tubule; GO:NEW, (Fig 2)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of macula densa; GO:NEW, (Fig 2 and Fig 4)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of thick ascending limb; GO:NEW, (Fig 2 and Fig 4)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of thin descending limb; GO:NEW, (Fig. 2)
- development(/differentiation/specification) of connecting tubule; GO:NEW, (Fig. 2)
- differentiation of macula densa; GO:NEW, (Fig 4)
- differentiation of distal convoluted tubule; GO:NEW, (Fig 4)
- differentiation of thick ascending limb; GO:NEW, (Fig 4)
- Also Fig.3D (p4755) shows stages in LOH elongation during stages of development. - Anlage (in cortex) -> Primitive loop (in cortex and just entering the medulla) -> Immature loop (throughout medulla reaching to the papilla). [YAF 30/09/09]
For Xenopus irx3 (O42261) and Mouse Pou3f3 (Brn1)(P31361)
- Expanded the set of new P/D patterning terms I've requested in SF #2860000, to include terms for the macula densa and LOH. [REF 13/10/09]
For P19091 (ANDR_MOUSE)
- From PMID 11997177 -needed NTR for POU domain binding as a child of GO:0019904 protein domain specific binding.
This is required for annotation of the binding of Androgen receptor protein to the POU domains of Brn1 and Oct1 proteins in PMID 11997177. 'POU domain binding'- GO NEW possible definition: "Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein, In eukaryotes, the POU proteins are usually transcription factors" SF#2871338 (YAF 01/10/09). Midori added POU domain binding GO:0070974.
For rat Cited1 (Q4V8P1)
- requested new term for 'negative regulation of embryonic axis specification' as a child of GO:0000578 embryonic axis specification SF# 2883925 (https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2883925&group_id=36855&atid=440764) for annotation of the rat Cited1 gene, which, when ectopically expressed in Xenopus embryo, blocks axis formation as investigated in PMID 15843474. Response from David Hill said: 'the action of the Cited1 in the experiment that you reference is an example of a dominantgain-of-function experiment. So it is not clear that the Cited1 is playing its normal role. .'
- requested new term for "metanephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition" as a child of GO:0060231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition which could also be a child of GO:0001656 metanephros development and the new term "negative regulation of metanephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition"(GO NEW) as a child of "metanephric mesenchyme to epithelial transition". SF# 2884040 (https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2884040&group_id=36855); required for annotation of rat cited1 (Q4V8P1) blocking epithelial morphogenesis in metanephric organ culture in PMID 15843474. [YAF 22/10/09]. (David added: metanephros morphogenesis; GO:0003338/ mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; GO:0003337/ regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; GO:0003339/ negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; GO:0003340)[YAF 24/11/09]
For mouse Cited1 (P97769)
- PMID 9811838: requested geneontology-Ontology requests-2893305 NTR: response to interleukin-6/9/11. the following new terms as children of GO:0034097 response to cytokine stimulus: -response to interleukin-6; -response to interleukin-9; -response to interleukin-11[YAF 06/11/09] (Midori added response to interleukin-9 GO:0071104 and response to interleukin-11 GO:0071105 on 09/11/09)[YAF 09/11/09]. PMID 18187554 requested NTR SF#2895106 'response to parathyroid hormone' (as a child of GO:0009725) requested 10/11/09 (Midori added response to parathyroid hormone stimulus GO:0071107).
For Mouse c-myc (P01108)
- PMID 19161241: requested geneontology-Ontology requests-2893199 NTR +ive regulation of cap mesenchymal cell proliferation as a child of GO:0002053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation. [YAF 06/11/09]. David Hill added on 13/11/09: metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation; GO:0090094
regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation; GO:0090095 positive regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation; GO:0090096
For Mouse Osr1/Odd1 (Q9WVG7)
requested new terms: SF 2902547 Requested the following new kidney development related terms as indicated. I have tried to fit them into some kind of order by suggesting under which parent term they should be but wasn't too sure.
- From PMID 16790474 mouse odd1 Q9WVG7 OSR1_MOUSE and Chick Odd1 (no protein/ nucleotide/ IPI entry)
(Osr1-/- deleted mutants used for mouse and chick embryo analysis -IMP).
- mesenchyme development GO:0060485
- --<metanephric mesenchyme development GO:NEW
- mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:0048762
- --<mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development GO:NEW
- --<metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:NEW
- to add to Beckys SF #2860000 request for
- term: specification of nephron tubule identity/differentiation GO:NEW (Becky) (synonym- nephric tubule)
- -<specification of mesonephric tubule identity/differentiation GO:NEW
- --<specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity/differentiation GO:NEW
- --<specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity/differentiation GO:NEW
- tube development GO:0035295
- --<kidney tubule development GO:NEW
- --<metanephric tubule formation/development GO:NEW
- --<mesonephric tubule formation/development GO:NEW
- epithelial tube morphogenesis GO:0060562
- --<kidney epithelial tube morphogenesis GO:NEW
- tube morphogenesis GO:0035239
- --<nephric duct morphogenesis/formation GO:NEW
- --<mesonephric duct morphogenesis/formation GO:NEW
- cell differentiation GO:0030154
- --<kidney tubule cell differentiation GO:NEW
- --<regulation of kidney tubule cell differentiation GO:NEW
- -<negative regulation of kidney tubule cell differentiation GO:NEW
- kidney precursor cell proliferation GO:NEW.
- From PMID 18835385 mouse osr1/odd1 Q9WVG7 OSR1_MOUSE
(used temporal fate mapping - Osr+progenitor cells - IMP/IDA?)
- renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation GO:NEW
- vasculature development GO:0001944
- --<renal vasculature development-GO:NEW
- mesenchyme development GO:0060485
- --<cap mesenchyme development/formation/specification GO:NEW
- --<cortical interstitial mesenchyme development/formation/specification GO:NEW
- epithelial cell differentiation GO:0030855
- --<ureteric epithelial cell differentiation GO:NEW
- smooth muscle cell differentiation GO:0051145
- --<renal smooth muscle cell differentiation GO:NEW [YAF 23/11/09]
For Mouse Id2 (P41136)
PMID 12456807 - requested new term for "mammary gland alveolar epithelial cell differentiation" SF 2903147 [YAF 24/11/09].
For Mouse Id2 (P41136)
- Requested the new term: "embryonic endodermal gut morphogenesis" as a child of 'GO:0048558 embryonic gut morphogenesis' to annotate mouse Id2 (P41136) from PMID 16888283; which shows that Id2 is expressed from the period of definitive endoderm before E10.5 and these cells begin to form villi in the small intestine. *SF-SF 2903221: embryonic endodermal gut morphogenesis
- Requested the new term "Mammary gland alveolus epithelial cell differentiation" as a child of 'GO:0060749 mammary gland alveolus development'; required for annotation of mouse Id2 P41136 in PMID 12456807. *SF-SF 2903147: mammary gland alveolus development [YAF 24-26/11/09]
For Xenopus wt1 (B7ZSG3 and P79958)
Requested new term for glomus development in SF:2903833. Ties in with Yasmin's previous request for a 'renal vasculature development' term (SF:2902547) https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2903833&group_id=36855&atid=440764 [REF 24/11/09]
For Mouse Wt1 (P22561)/ Human WT1 (P19544)/ Human BASP1 (P80723) and mouse Basp1 (Q91XV3)
- To request new term for 'Podocyte differentiation' (IDA)- from PMID 19050011 [YAF 26/11/09]
- Glomerulus development GO:0032835
- --<Podocyte development GO:NEW
- --<Podocyte differentiation GO:NEW (IDA) (NB: this could also be a child of GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation)
- Glomerulus development GO:0032835
(Podocytes (or visceral epithelial cells) are cells of the visceral epithelium in the kidneys and form a crucial component of the glomerular filtration barrier, contributing size selectivity and maintaining a massive filtration surface. Adjacent podocytes interdigitate to cover the basal lamina which is intimately associated with the glomerular capillaries, but the podocytes leave gaps or thin filtration slits. The slits are covered by slit diaphragms which are composed of a number of cell-surface proteins including nephrin, podocalyxin, and P-cadherin, which ensure that large macromolecules such as serum albumin and gamma globulin remain in the bloodstream. Small molecules ie: water, glucose, and ionic salts are able to pass through the slit diaphragms and form an ultrafiltrate which is further processed by the nephron to produce urine. Podocytes are also involved in regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When podocytes contract, they cause closure of filtration slits. This decreases the GFR by reducing the surface area available for filtration) Requested 02/12/09 SF 2907403[YAF 02/12/09]. For mouse Wt1 (P22561) PMID 10077614 will need NTR Mesangium development: updated the following SF request: SF 2905937[YAF 07/12/09]
For Human WT1 (P19544)
From PMID 8132626, requested the new term "Basal transcription activator activity " as a child of 'GO:0016563 transcription activator activity': SF 2905055 [YAF 27/11/09]
For Rat Egr-1 (PO8154)
To request new terms From PMID 8910451 rat EGR1
- glomerulus development GO:0032835
- --<Glomerular mesangium development GO:NEW [Defn The progression of the glomerular mesangium over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus].
- --<Glomerular mesangium cell proliferation GO:NEW (IDA) [Defn: The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Mesangial cells are myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells, which make up the composition of the glomerular mesangium. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus] SF 2905937.[YAF 27-30/11/09].
- NTR "response to heparin" (as a possible child of GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus)SF 2905921. [YAF 30/11/09].
- glomerulus development GO:0032835
From PMID 18723570 New term requested for "(cellular) response to mycophenolic acid" as a child of response to drug GO:0042493 SF 2905973 for rat Egr1 and rat PDGFB (Q05028)[YAF 30/11/09].
For Human BMP4 (P12644)
SF#2907000: requested the new term 'positive regulation of kidney development' GO:NEW as a child of kidney development GO:0001822 (IDA) as investigated in PMID 10021330. Also asked for addition of the term 'Nephrogenesis' to be added as an exact synonym of kidney development SF 2907000. Also need NTR nephric duct morphogenesis which has been requested in SF# 2902547 [YAF 01/12/09].
Kidney Development Review Papers
- PMID 15554941 Transcriptional control of kidney development. Bouchard M. 2004. Talks about genes involved in nephric lineage specification (Pax2/Pax8/Lim1/Bmp4/Wt1/GDNF1/Eya1/Foxc1); metanephros development - UB positioning, induction, nephron induction, ureter branching, Stromal cell differentiation(Gdnf1/Eya1/Foxc1/2/Slit2/Robo2/Bmp4/Pax2/Hox11(HoxA11/C11/D11)/ Sall1/Wt1/Six1/Wnt4/Emx2/Gata3/BF2/Pod1/Pbx21.
- PMID 15380247 Recent genetic studies of mouse kidney development. Yu J, McMahon AP, Valerius MT. 2004. Has a nice diagram of the stages of nephron formation on p.551. Also lists genes investigated with particular molecular regulation of outgrowth of the uteric bud and regulation of tubulogenesis (Table 1; p552 - Gdf1, Six1, Slit2/Robo2, Wnt1, Fras1+Grip1, Pod1, Pbx1, Brn1, Psen1/2).
- PMID 16760375 Role of transcriptional networks in coordinating early events during kidney development. Boyle S, de Caestecker Mark. 2006. Has nice diagrams of stages of early mammalian kidney development. Reviews transcription factors in mesenephric mesenchyme: Eya1/ Foxc1/2/ Hoxa/c/d11/ Pax2/ Pbx1/ Rar-alpha/beta2/ Sall1/ Six1/ Wt1.
- PMID 12094231 Coordinating early kidney development: lessons from gene targeting. Vainio S, Lin Y. 2002. Nice diagrams of kidney development. List of genes essential for early kidney development (Transcription Factors: Emx2/Eya1/Foxc1/Foxd1/Pax2/Rara,Rarb/Sall1/Wt1; Growth factors: Bmp4/Bmp7/Fgf7/Gdnf/Wnt4; Growth factors/receptors: Gfra1/Notch2/Ret; Proteoglycans and their biosynthetic enzymes: Hs2st/Gpc3.
Kidney Loop of Henle GO Cocuration
Yasmin Alam-Faruque and Emily Dimmer.
- Introduction
- As the renal community is embracing proteomic technologies at an increasing rate to identify, quantify and characterize a global set of proteins then there is a need to provide a high quality information-rich functional dataset that can be utilized by them to rapidly evaluate new data and generate hypotheses to guide future research seeking to alleviate renal diseases (1).
- Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. Each nephron consists of 2 parts: a renal corpuscle where blood plasma is filtered and a renal tubule into which the filtered blood passes. The two components of a renal corpuscle are the glomerulus (capillary network) and the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule (a double-walled epithelial cup surrounding the glomerular capillaries. Blood plasma is first filtered in the glomerular capsule and then passes into the renal tubule, comprised of 3 main sections: (i) the proximal convoluted tubule, (ii) the loop of Henle (nephron loop) and (iii) distal convoluted tubule. The renal corpuscle and both convoluted tubules lie within the renal cortex whereas the loop of Henle extends into the renal medulla, makes a hairpin turn and then returns to the renal cortex.
- The main function of the loop of Henle is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney and investigators are looking into how the renal concentrating mechanism works in-vivo (2). By means of a mechanism which utilizes sodium pumps, it creates an area of high sodium concentration deep in the medulla, near the collecting duct. Water present in the filtrate in the collecting duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the collecting duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient. This process reabsorbs water and creates a concentrated urine for excretion. The loop of Henle is also involved in reabsorption of filtered Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3- Cl- and H2O, and is hence involved in independent regulation of both volume and osmolarity of body fluids. There are various mechanisms in place for this function e.g. For Na+ and Cl-, reabsorption occurs by means of Na+Cl- symporters in the apical membranes; Na+-K+ pumps and Cl- leakage channels in the basolateral menbranes, and the distal convoluted tubule is the major site of parathyroid hormone stimulating reabsorption of Ca2+. There are many genes important for the development and function of the mammalian kidney e.g.: COX-2 has a significant role in the fetal human kidney involved in the development of the nephron (3), and the NADPH oxidases which have a distinct cellular localization in renal vessels including cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, may have an important pathophysiological role in regulating angiotensin and salt concentrations (4).
- The pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros represent three distinct renal organs that function in succession as the vertebrate excretory system during development of the kidney. These three organ systems are derived from intermediate mesoderm and develop according to an ordered temporal process.
- The loop of Henle structure of the kidney differs considerably between mammals, chicken and frogs. There is a definite loop of Henle structure in the mammalian and avian systems but this physical structure seems to be absent in the frog. However the segment(s) for the area in which the loop of Henle develops is present in Xenopus (Duncan Davidson and Jamie Davies GUDMAP, Personal communication).
- The renal community consider the Xenopus pronephros as an ideal model for investigating organogenesis and development of renal function in vertebrates (5,6) since Xenopus has been studied and analyzed for many decades and is already a simple and popular animal model for developmental cell biologists.
- In the avian kidney, 3 types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (7).
- The renal community has also used the chicken in their studies investigating amino acid transport process across cell membranes (8).
- Work Plan
- From speaking with renal researchers at GUDMAP, the loop of Henle structure was thought to be an interesting subject – as the structure is known to change rapidly been different organisms (see above). Therefore it would be interesting to see how functions of gene products in mammalian, avian and amphibian species change during the evolution of the loop of Henle structure.
- We thought that perhaps a concurrent GO annotation exercise by curators on orthologous genes in the human/mouse, chicken and Xenopus species might result in quite a nice publication. The loop of Henle might be an ideal focus as there would be enough genes to create a large-enough annotation set to be able to analyse well, yet not too many for us to be overwhelmed by the amount of effort required for such a project!
- Individual studies on the functional specialization of orthologous genes in distinct species has been carried out for single genes (e.g. the Na-K-Cl cotransporter); (9), and also papers describing the comparative anatomy of different loop of Henle structures (10), however this project will enable a wide review of the functional information available for orthologs of genes in different species.
- Such a target list could be obtained from looking at GUDMAP gene expression database, which provides those genes shown to be specifically expressed in the murine loop of Henle; http://www.gudmap.org/ .
- From a list of 155 mouse genes expressed in the loop of Henle, 126 Ensembl identifiers for orthologues in Xenopus tropicalis, 65 UniProtKB accessions obtained for chicken (Gallus gallus), 83 UniProtKB accessions for human and 84 UniProtKB accessions for rat have been located from initial searches using Clustr and Ensembl BioMart. It is likely additional orthologs will be located during the project for these organisms, and additional genes known to be important in the Loop of Henle would supplement this list during the project (11).
- A quick review of the first 15 in this list, using the NCBI PubMed resource, found that 13 of the 15 appear to have some known kidney-related function (indicating that the method used to generate the list appears viable), that human/mouse have publications for all of selected genes, whereas the chicken ortholog have publications for 13, and Xenopus for 11 of the selected 15 genes; indicating that there appears to be enough literature to support this curation effort in each of the three species.
- Curators will be asked to annotate a maximum of 200 proteins, with those genes that over-lap with those targeted by the AgBase team prioritized.
- It is envisaged that this project will take around 8-12 months to complete since it will not be worked on full-time by the Xenopus and chicken curators, and will need to fit in with the priorities of these different groups. Progress will be monitored and reported to the groups involved at quarterly intervals. A central document page will be developed by Yasmin (probably using a GO wiki) which will be accessible by all concerned. This page will act as a central resource for the project and list all the genes names and corresponding accessions for each organism that will be targeted by this project. This will help in monitoring the progress of this project, highlight interesting points/difficulties, supported by email communication between all the curators involved.
- The annotations will be analyzed at the end of the project, to highlight the most frequent reasons for the functional differences between species – such as lack/addition of specific splice variants, with unique functional characteristics between the species. Changes will also be displayed visually n GO slim views compare each of the proteomes.
- Contacts with kidney experts will be made for each of the three species, to seek additional value for the project.
- Benefits
- The benefits in this project include:
- focused development of GO terms to more accurately describe renal-associated processes
- instigate contacts with renal groups who might be interested in contributing to this project
- UniProtKB will receive feedback where information is available for improvement of Swiss-Prot entries.
- generation of a publication which will:
- highlight not only biological insights into the similarities and differences of the orthologous genes in these distinct species
- demonstrate the usefulness of focused, collaborative cross-species GO annotation
- demonstrate to users the usefulness of functional annotation associated with specific UniProtKB accessions
- provide publicity for the UniProtKB, AgBase and GOA resources.
- publicity for the Renal annotation initiative; encourage feedback and possible future collaborations.
- References
1. Janech, MG, Raymond JR, Arthur JM (2007); Proteomics in renal research; Am J Pysiol Renal Physiol; 292(2), F501-12 (PMID 17107941).
2. Halperin ML, Kamel KS, Oh MS (2008), Mechanisms to concentrate the urine: an opinion. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens; 17(4), 416-22 (PMID 18660679).
3. Khan KN, Stanfield KM et al; (2001); Cylooxygenase-2-expression in the developing human kidney Pediatr Dev Path 4(4) 461-6 (PMID 11779048).
4. Chan T, Asashima M (2006) Growing kidney in the Frog; Nephron Exp Nephrol; 103, e81-85 (PMID 16554664).
5. Gill PS, Wilcox CS (2006); NADPH oxidases in the kidney; Antioxid Redox Signal 8(9-10), 1597-607 (PMID 16987014).
6. Jones EA (2005); Xenopus: a prince among models for pronephric kidney development; J Am Soc Nephrol 16(2), 313-21 (PMID 15647339).
7. Gambaryan SP (1992); Development of the metanephros in the chick: maturation of glomerular size and nephron length; Anat Embryol (Berl); 185(3):291-7. (PMID 1575329).
8. Lerner J (1984) Cell membrane amino acid transport processes in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol; 78(2):205-15. (PMID 6146442).
9. Gagnon E, Forbush B, Caron L, Isenring P.(2003) Functional comparison of renal Na-K-Cl cotransporters between distant species. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol.284(2):C365-70. (PMID 12388059).
10. Bankir, L., and de Rouffignac, C. (1985) Urinary concentrating ability : insights from comparative anatomy. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 249: p.643-666. (PMID 3934988)
11. Dihazi H., Rahman, AA., Agarwal, NK, Doncheva, Y., Muller, GA. (2005) Proteomics analysis of cellular response to osmotic stress in TALH-cells. Mol. Cell Proteomics 4: 1445-1458.(PMID 15975915)
[[Link title]] Yasmin Alam-Faruque 13:27, 18 August 2009 (UTC)


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Home security is a huge industry. It takes millions of dollars every year to get your attention on television, radio, magazines and newspapers to buy a specific product. Advertising is of course very effective in that regard. Everyone wants your bucks which is partly why home related crime thrives.
Security for your home is unfortunately is still a big problem with burglaries, robberies, and home invasions. Law enforcers will tell us that ninety percent of all home burglaries can be avoided. That is the good news. Sixty percent of all home burglaries happen through unlocked windows and doors. And it seems as though crime, especially home related crime, increase as the economy worsens.
Americans are starting to make their homes less attractive as targets and "hardening" them making them more difficult to enter. There are all sorts of products that can help with home security and they all work. Everything from complete surveillance systems to home security plans, from security guards to guard dogs and everything in between is available.
Where can you go to buy home security products?
Unfortunately there is no store you can go to to get the wide variety of these products available. The best place to go is an online search for "home security products" or do a search for specific products like 'electronic watchdog' or 'IP cameras' that are some of the most popular.
The online selection is much broader and prices are cheaper with discounts usually available. Find a sight you like and ask questions and get advice. If you can't talk to someone, don't do business with them. You want a dedicated full time business owner who is knowledgeable himself or knows where to get answers not a part timer.
So what are you waiting for? Don't be the next target. Get yourself some security products for your home online and protect yourself, your family and your home.


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Nashta is one of the oldest and most beautiful picnic points in the area of Sari Karki, Karki, Tijiban. It was a time which was too much beautiful and green. But unfortunately due lack of rain, it became destroyed. Actually Nashta is the place which is located in Singabad Karki. That is 3 kilometers far from the village of Singabad. Before one year I visited in Nashta that is completely neglected by the people of area because there were farms, date trees and some more but due to lack caring and raining, the all farms were destroyed and there was not no more water for the trees. On the other hand, 2019 is one of the luckiest years, in this year it shapes the beauty of nature and brought some great joyment moments for the people of this area who are living in this surrounding. Since the most beautiful picnic point is going to be natural beauty for the residents of Karki, Singabad, Tijaban and near areas especially Hirronk and Hoshab.
The scenery of this point will encourage everyone to be free from different sorrows and hardships. It is really a God gifted point for the people. There is a waterfall from the mountains that brings the natural beauty of surrounding. The natural beauty of this beautiful environment makes everybody free from toughest chains of hardships and setbacks.
There is another quality of this picnic point is completely covered by beautiful mountains where small children have found different places to play there. Mostly the residents of this area visit there especially shepherds because they have sheeps and goats. According to people before three or four years the farms were destroyed just because of water as well as the people stop visiting there. They could not get enough water for drinking but luckily Allah the Almighty has given his beautiful "Rahmat" and made the complete area beautiful and sunshine.
It is one of the outstanding points for the people of this area where they can spend their important moments and events with their families and beloved. The scenery of this point will encourage everyone to visit over and over. Since it is better to spend a time such God gifted area especially in free time.
The concerned authorities should provide the basic facilities of this points and repair the water thanker for the farms and trees that might help the people to earn their livelihood from this source.


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Dari Taylor, MP for Stockton South, visited Teesside Prep and High School for Girls in Eaglescliffe to reward pupils who have helped raise up to £6,500 for charities over the past school year.
Mrs Taylor visited the school at the end of Giving Nation Week, last week , which was the climax to the school's busy year of fundraising.
During the week the pupils held a number of fundraising events, including a pyjama day, to raise cash for Teesside and Hartlepool hospices.
The pupils collected items to donate to the Chernobyl Children's Lifeline charity, took part in Race for Life in aid of cancer research, and raised money for other charities including the North East Air Ambulance Service, Asthma Research and Water Aid.


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Required Trainings
DODD requires all certified Independent Providers attend eight hours of developmental disabilities specific training each calendar year. Additional training is optional and encouraged. Watch for information about additional training on the Board's calendar and in our provider newsletter.
Electronic Visit Verification (EVV) is a system Ohio Medicaid has chosen for providers to call in and call out of each shift. Sandata is provided free for providers in Ohio DoDD Homemaker Personal Care providers are included in the Phase 2 of Ohio's system. The effective date for Phase 2 is August 5, 2019.
Please click here for training options and information.
For more information on EVV and why it is required, please visit the Ohio Department of Medicaid website by clicking here.
Trainings offered by LCBDD for Providers
The Licking County Board of Developmental Disabilities offers the annual required provider training at no cost to providers. Provider Training is offered the first Tuesday of each month (unless that falls on a holiday). Registration for these classes is required.
Click here to see a list of training dates and register for local in-person training
Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities
Use the MyLearning link on dodd.ohio.gov to take the 8 Hour Provider Training class as well as many other helpful classes online for free. For instructions on how to do this, please click here and have your DODD user name and password ready.
Mid-East Ohio Regional Council of Government (MEORC)
Click here to view the in-person trainings available from MEORC. Note: These trainings are offered at various locations and may have a fee associated with them.
ViaQuest offers a variety of services designed to support the needs of healthcare professionals, including nurse training, care coordination and more. If you would like to view trainings offered by ViaQuest, please click here.
The National Alliance for Direct Support Professionals & The Ohio Alliance for Direct Support Professionals
The National Alliance for Direct Support Professionals (NADSP) offers memberships for Individuals for $10.00. This includes membership in The Ohio Alliance for Direct Support Professionals (OADSP). Membership gives providers access to free in-person training opportunities. Also available to their members are recognition events, newsletters additional fee-based training topics as well as information and support around issues facing providers.
Click here to view NADSP membership information
Click here to view OADSP training opportunities
Ohio Provider Resource Association
The Ohio Provider Resource Association (OPRA) membership includes training opportunities, recognition events, industry information and governmental advocacy/representation.
Click here to view OPRA membership information
Dynamic Pathways
Dynamic Pathways Inc. empowers professionals to higher service for people with developmental disabilities and their families. They are another resource for training opportunities.
Medication Administration Training
There are options, in Central Ohio, that can assist providers in obtaining Medication Administration Training. Please see the above sections for ViaQuest, Dynamic Pathways and Mid-East Ohio Regional Council of Government (MEORC) for training details.


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SAN DIEGO – A man arrested on suspicion of committing a murder in Imperial Beach earlier this week remained jailed Saturday.
Osvaldo Lopez, 35, of Spring Valley, was arrested Friday in the 9000 block of Towne Center Drive in University City without incident, according to the San Diego County Sheriff's Department.
Lopez is suspected of shooting and killing 30-year-old Ricardo Sales near the intersection of Donax Avenue and Florence Street shortly after 6 p.m. Tuesday.
There were multiple witnesses to the killing, sheriff's deputies said. The San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office declared the cause of death to be multiple gunshot wounds, and ruled it a homicide.
Lopez was booked into San Diego Central Jail on one count of murder and is being held without bail, deputies said. His arraignment is scheduled for 1:30 p.m. Tuesday at the Superior Court South County Division in Chula Vista.


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See DSPT 2019
Join us to experience life as a student! An eventful, three-day campus immersion, Wednesday - Friday, Feb. 20-22.
The Dominican School of Philosophy & Theology is a graduate school in the heart of Berkeley, where students gather as a "community of scholars" to study philosophy and theology in order to advance the Catholic tradition in all areas of life. This event will offer a variety of activities and events to introduce you to the academic and community life of DSPT. There's nothing quite like experiencing DSPT on campus. The physical spaces of our campus and and our classrooms are an integral part of the excellence of our Thomistic education. If you're looking for the best way to explore the programs, people and places of DSPT, this is your opportunity!
REGISTER HERE - early registrants qualify for stipends!
What should you expect?
You'll be a guest of DSPT and we'll make sure you get access to the best of DSPT's offering. Each attendee recieves a personalized itinerary prior to the event. Highlights include:
- Invitation to the 2019 Aquinas Lecture on Feb. 20
- An array of classes to visit
- Opportunities to meet with faculty to discuss areas of interest and get your questions answered
- Socials with students, faculty and staff over meals hosted by the school
- Learn about the resources provided to students by the Graduate Theological Union and UC Berkeley
- A presentation from faculty on the distinctiveness of Dominican education in philosophy and theology
- Info session on financial aid, costs of attendance, and housing options
- Access to the San Francisco Bay Area - parks, food, art, music, and more!
Who's Invited?
The Come and See Week is open to all applicants and admitted students, as well as those who are simply wondering if DSPT might be a good fit for them. We encourage both locals and travelers to attend. If you're coming from a parish, school, or faith formation program, we welcome groups! Attendees are strongly encouraged to attend as many of the events as possible. We'll do our very best to work around your schedule.
DSPT can help you with your travel!
- Travel stipends are available for those who register early to help cover both travel and lodging costs
- Vouchers for transportation to/from the airport
- Lodging offered at the beautiful, historic St. Albert's Priory, home to Bay Area Dominicans
- Early registration ends January 15th
REGISTER HERE - early registrants qualify for stipends!


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Per Diem
Per diem
A per diem is a daily allowance paid to staff to cover all meals and minor incidental expenses while travelling on approved business related domestic and international University business. A Non-Order Payment Form will need to be completed in order for your claim to be processed (please open the spreadsheet and select Per-Diem in sheet named "Step 1 - Form"):
The payment of a per diem is intended to ensure that an employee neither loses nor gains financially by receiving a per diem.
When can a per diem be claimed?
A per diem can be claimed:
- only if requested prior to the travel taking place
- where the duration of the travel is no more than 30 days* (for longer travel periods, a University credit card will need to be used or a travel advance obtained)
- incurred outside the Sydney metropolitan area (outside a 50km radius from Macquarie University)
- only when there is a possibility that a travel-related cost will occur.
Note: * Australian Taxation Office treat per diem allowances greater than 30 days as a living away from home allowance which is taxable at the highest marginal rate and must be shown on an individual's payment summary
A per diem is only payable if no part of the trip is excluded under the exclusions listed below eg. if a person is travelling for outside studies program (OSP) then the whole trip is excluded and other forms of funding must be used eg. travel advance or reimbursement.
A per diem cannot be claimed for any of the following:
- the cost of accommodation and conference registrations (these are to be paid on a University credit card before travelling or by reimbursement upon return)
- OSP expenses
- personal or private travel
- a cost which is not likely to occur
- travel when the traveller has a University credit card, except if it can be substantiated that credit cards are not readily accepted in an area, in which case a travel advance is to be obtained
- the same period of travel for which a travel advance has been claimed
- same-day domestic travel which is more than 50km from Macquarie University. If meals are included on the flight, a per diem for the meals may not be claimed and the per diem rate will need to be reduced. If meals are provided at a meeting, the per diem rate will need to be reduced.
What does a per diem cover?
The per diem covers the cost of:
- meals
- sustenance other than meals eg. snacks
- minor incidental expenses, such as:
- low cost incidental transport eg. transport expenses up to $20
- laundry
- telephone or internet
Note: that individual taxi fares in excess of $20 may be claimed at the end of the travel on evidence of receipts. The amount reimbursed will be the difference between the actual fare and $20).
A per diem can be used for conference travel but it must be reduced for all meals that are included at the conference and/or in the accommodation (eg breakfast).
Where meals are not included in the conference, a copy of the conference program will need to be supplied. Where this is not provided it will be assumed the conference includes all meals. If all meals are included only an incidental conference rate will be available.
Current Per Diem Rates
The current per diem rates are:


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DSHS continues to support restoration efforts following Hurricane Harvey. Will probably be his first visit to Doha since Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt cut ties with Qatar in June. French President Emmanuel Macron has urged the lifting of a Saudi-led embargo on Qatar in effect since June. "The siege international locations, by forgetting all ethics, are spreading lies, disinformation against Qatar whereas the Qatari media has remained dedicated to morality with out resorting to lies and slander," Al Harimi stated.
No one was immediately obtainable to remark from Al Ain Holding, the mother or father firm of Al Ain Properties, or DTZ Qatar. Qatar's Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani has denounced the "unjust siege" of his country, as he declared that he's "open to dialogue" to resolve the Gulf crisis. In an interview with Egypt At the moment, Egypt's prime diplomat, Sameh Shoukry, urged Qatar was using its financial power to influence UNESCO's fifty eight-member govt council.
"This crisis has been marked by the moral downfall of all the pieces – politicians, religious students, media professionals and even artists," she said. Qatar's Power Minister Mohammed al-Sada stated on Tuesday his nation had not missed any oil or gas shipments regardless of the blockade imposed by its neighbours. The overseas minister of the United Arab Emirates has stated Iran's "hostile and expansionist policy" is the key obstacle to fixing all crises in the Arab world.
Qatar's stock market headed for its tenth straight losing session on Sunday whereas Saudi Arabia's index bucked an in any other case weak region due to good points in the petrochemical sector. He mentioned Iran should realise that one of the best foundation "for a harmonious relationship with the states in the Arab Gulf" is to respect the sovereignty of nations in the area.
Qatar's overseas minister met with several dignitaries on the sidelines of the UN Basic Meeting in New York to debate, among others, the blockade imposed on Qatar by a bunch of Arab countries. Seven nations – France , China, Vietnam, Egypt , Azerbaijan, Qatar and Lebanon – are at present vying for management of The United Nations Academic, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).


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Doctors are expected to be perfect; to never make mistakes. If we're honest we all know that's impossible. With the best intentions, some errors will always occur. Doctors do their best to reflect upon their errors and learn from them. But when multiple errors coincide - systemic failings, equipment problems, staff shortages, human errors - then in this perfect storm situation serious harm can occur.
Such a perfect storm happened when Dr Hadiza Bawa-Garba, an experienced paediatric registrar, was left to do the work of several doctors with no consultant or junior doctor support whilst IT systems failed and multiple sick children arrived. In this context she made a series of errors that led to the tragic death of a six year old boy, Jack Adcock. Dr Bawa-Garba was given a 24 month suspended sentence for gross negligence manslaughter, as was nurse Isabel Amaro. Dr Bawa-Garba was suspended for 12 months by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal, but this was overturned in the High Court last week by the General Medical Council, who wanted her struck off the register.
Medics are outraged, and with good reason:
- Responsibility for safe provision in hospitals in being put onto front-line staff, who are effectively scapegoats for systemic failings caused by poor funding and poor management.
- Reflective statements, which the GMC says doctors must use to show reflection on their errors, were reportedly used to convict Dr Bawa-Garba and thus have her struck off.
- Rather than a culture of learning from incidents, as seen in the airline industry, the GMC are fostering a culture of blame.
Instead of learning from them, doctors will avoid admitting errors. Appraisals previously used to improved quality of care will become pointless, tick-box exercises. Instead of hospitals fixing systems failures and short staffing, scapegoats will be found. Medics will be forced to avoid 'high-risk' posts in order to protect their careers. Confidence will be lost in the GMC, making it unfit for the purpose of protecting patients.
Punishing doctors for human error and systems failures will harm patient safety.
The NHA Party applauds Dr David Nicholl (pictured above) who tore up his GMC certificate outside their headquarters yesterday; Dr Peter Wilmhurst who has referred himself to the GMC pointing out the many errors he has made during his career; Dr Chris Day who continues to campaign for whistleblowing safeguards for doctors after he was punished for speaking out over unsafe staffing levels. We join them in speaking out, in the hope that the GMC will end the culture of individual blame and scapegoating in medicine. Only by doing this can we prevent further tragedies.
Further reading
- Bawa-Garba: timeline of a case that has rocked medicine
- Patient safety fears after GMC wins bid to strike off junior doctor
- Dr Bawa-Garba: Doctors threaten to boycott their appraisals over treatment of trainee paediatrician
- More than 7,500 doctors warn they will be too scared to admit mistakes after pediatrician is struck off