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Previous (predominantly) laboratory studies reported positive relations of physical activity (or everyday bodily movement) with executive functioning, some even showed effects on creative thinking. Furthermore, positive-activated affect was found to be positively associated with everyday bodily movements and creativity. The mechanisms, however, underlying these relationships are poorly understood. The aim of this study was twofold: Firstly, we investigated whether everyday bodily movement was associated with creative performance. Secondly, we examined if positive-activated affect may mediate the association between bodily movement and creative performance. In a sample of 79 participants everyday bodily movement was recorded during five consecutive days using accelerometers. Creativity in the figural and verbal domain was assessed with performance tests, along with self-reported positive-activated affect as a trait. Findings revealed that creativity, positive-activated affect, and everyday bodily movement were associated with each other. However, positive-activated affect did not mediate the association between everyday bodily movement and creative performance. The pattern of findings argues for shared variance between bodily movement and creativity (fluency and originality) that is largely independent from variations in positive-activated affect.
It is well-known that physical activity has many beneficial effects on physical health. A physically active lifestyle goes along with decreases in blood pressure, protects against chronic (e.g., type 2 diabetes) and cardiovascular diseases, and decreases the risk for several types of cancer1,2,3. Beyond physical health and life expectancy4,5, beneficial effects of physical activity may expand to mental health (e.g., decreased depressive symptoms6) and psychological well-being7,8,9,10,11.
In addition, studies showed a positive association between physical activity and a broad range of cognitive skills12,13,14,15,16,17, however, Young and colleagues18 did not find an association between physical activity and cognition. Performance gains were often seen in comparatively basic types of cognitive functions, such as indicators derived from the Stroop task, or speed/accuracy measures in different attention or memory tasks12,17. Only a limited number of studies investigated the effects of physical activity on cognitive functions such as divergent thinking/creativity, which has indeed been found to be sensitive to physical activity interventions19,20.
Gondola and Tuckman21 were among the first who showed improved verbal creative performance (measured by means of an Alternate Uses task, AUT22) after participation in a running intervention23,24. Cavallera et al.25 found a positive association between the elaboration performance in a figural creative ideation task (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, TTCT26) and the self-reported hours of sport activities per week (but see the work of Ramocki27 for a verbal creativity task). The association between self-reported physical activity and creative performance nicely corresponds to the finding that physically more fit school-aged children outperformed their less fit peers in a number of creative (and cognitive) thinking tasks28. Importantly, beneficial effects were not only found for chronic aspects of physical activity, such as exercise and fitness29, but also for more acute mechanisms accompanying (or following) bodily movement. To avoid conceptual confusion, we use the term bodily movement throughout this article when referring to daily life whole-body movements of different intensity (e.g., walking, running, but also sitting and lying). For example, Blanchette et al.30 found improved creative performance (in the TTCT) directly after moderate aerobic exercise20,24,27,31,32. Oppezzo and Schwartz19 found that even low-dose movement interventions (i.e., brief walking sessions) resulted in improved creative performance, however, others did not find increases after a walk or single bouts of exercise33,34,35,36.
While the majority of findings were based on intervention studies in controlled experimental settings (e.g., laboratory assessment, physical exercise training program21,32) and cross-sectional studies using a broad range of physical fitness measures25,28, studies using ecologically valid and objective measures of everyday physical activity are lacking. Consequently, it is still unknown if the association between physical activity and creativity generalizes to everyday life situations37. Therefore, the present study goes one step further and investigated this association by continuously monitoring participants' everyday bodily movement via acceleration sensors throughout a time period of five days—including the weekend38. This ambulatorily assessed degree of physical activity was then correlated with the participants' total creative performance assessed by summing up the originality of ideas of a verbal and figural creativity task (AUT, TTCT).
Although literature generally indicates a link between physical activity and creativity, only few studies investigated why physical activity is associated with creativity and addressed potential underlying mechanisms that might—at least partly—explain this relationship20,39. One potential factor is positive affect, which has been found to play a major role in both creativity and physical activity. The association between physical activity and positive affect is a well-established finding with small to medium effect size7,40,41,42, which was also found in ambulatory assessment studies43,44 (similar findings are available for arousal32,36). Specifically, positive-activated affect (PAA) and perceived energy seem to increase with increasing physical activity45,46, which was also shown in meta-analyses40,41.
Most important for the present investigation, Dreu and Collegues47 established a relationship between PAA and creative performance48,49. They assumed that PAA leads to higher creative fluency and originality by enhanced cognitive flexibility and reduced perseverance. Strikingly, a similar association was indicated by ecological ambulatory assessments studies reporting a simultaneous increase of positive affect and everyday creative activities50,51,52,53,54. The meta-analysis of Baas et al.55 estimated this correlational effect of small size (r = 0.08). Therefore, the second aim of the present study was to examine whether PAA may mediate the association between physical activity and creativity17,20,47 and therefore serve as a potential explanation of the link between physical activity and creativity.
It was firstly hypothesized, given the results of Oppezzo and Schwartz19 and Schwerdtfeger et al.44, that everyday bodily movement was associated with creativity and PAA. Secondly, given the assumption of Steinberg et al.20 it was hypothesized, that the association between everyday bodily movement and creativity was mediated by PAA. A significant mediation effect would indicate that PAA may at least partly explain the association between physical activity and creativity. Since specific prior evidence about the effect sizes of the correlations between physical activity, creativity, and positive affect exists, we decided for the use of Bayesian mediation analysis. This statistical approach allows incorporating prior information in the analysis and improves the efficiency of estimation and the statistical power of the analysis56.
Association between everyday bodily movement and total creative performance
In accordance with the first hypothesis, everyday bodily movement (CPM) was positively correlated with total creative performance (r = 0.32, p = 0.004). Furthermore, PAA was positively associated with both total creative performance (r = 0.28, p = 0.014) and everyday bodily movement (r = 0.23, p = 0.040; see Fig. 1).
Mediation effect of PAA on the association between bodily movement and total creative performance
In line with the Pearson correlations, the Bayesian mediation analysis revealed that bodily movement was positively associated with both creative performance (b = 0.27, lower CI = 0.06, upper CI = 0.49) and PAA (b = 0.23, lower CI = 0.01, upper CI = 0.46). These findings are depicted in Table 1.
The total effect of the mediation model was b = 0.32 (lower CI = 0.10, upper CI = 0.54) and the indirect effect was b = 0.04 (lower CI = -0.02, upper CI = 0.13). The indirect effect added only 13.51% (lower CI = -12.85%, upper CI = 39.87%) to the direct effect of bodily movement on creative performance (b = 0.27, lower CI = 0.06, upper CI = 0.49). This argues against a strong mediating effect of PAA on the relationship between bodily movement and creativity, since the CIs include a negative percentage. Due to the absence of a clear mediation, the pattern of findings indicates that activity and PAA are independently linked with creative performance (see Table 1). These results remained virtually unchanged when including age, gender, and BMI as covariates.
Additional analyses
Proportion of time spent with different types of bodily movement
In order to evaluate the association of physical activity with creative performance and PAA in more detail, exploratory correlation analyses were calculated with the proportion of time spent with bodily movements of four different intensity levels. As illustrated in Fig. 1, total creative performance showed significant positive associations with time spent in moderate (e.g., walking) and a negative association with movements of no to light intensity (e.g., sitting and lying). However, PAA was associated with time spent with very vigorous physical activity, but not with the proportion of time spent with sedentary behaviour or movement at low and moderate intensities. This pattern of findings indicate that the variance of CPM associated with PAA might be qualified by very vigorous activity.
Originality and fluency of creative performance
Since the measure of total creative performance has been criticized due to its high correlation with the fluency of ideas57,58,59, we also investigated, which aspects of creativity (originality, fluency) were linked with bodily movement. The regression analysis showed that both originality (sr = 0.23, p = 0.038) and fluency (sr = 0.25, p = 0.024) were positively and independently from each other associated with physical activity. The significant regression analysis indicated that the quantity and the quality of ideas together shared 9.6% of variance with physical activity (F(2,76) = 4.06, p = 0.021). A similar regression analysis investigating the association of fluency and originality with PAA slightly failed to show significance (F(2,76) = 3.00, p = 0.056). Only fluency (sr = 0.27, p = 0.018), but not originality (sr = 0.10, p = 0.354) was associated with the PAA. Originality (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and fluency (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) were correlated with total creative performance.
This study examined firstly, whether everyday bodily movement is associated with creativity and secondly, if this association is mediated by participants' PAA. Importantly, this study replicated the reported positive relationship between bodily movement and creativity, which to date was predominantly found in laboratory studies21,25. We assessed bodily movement in everyday life by means of acceleration sensors. In contrast to former methods, the applied ecological assessment methodology objectively measures the level of spontaneous bodily movement in daily life—free from systematic errors of subjective self-reports38.
A more detailed examination of bodily movement (i.e., categorization into different intensity levels) indicated that not only time spent with activities of high intensity, like sport and bouts of exercise, go along with increased creative performance21,28,30, but also everyday physical activities of a moderate intensity level19. The negative relationship between the proportion of time spent with light intensities—including sedentary behavior—and creativity further underlines the a priori assumption that physical activity and bodily movement have beneficial effects on creative cognition19. This is also nicely in accordance with the anecdotal view that creative people use bodily movement to overcome mental blocks and lacks of inspiration20,32,60,61 (but see62).
Bodily movement was also linked to PAA40,41, which in turn was associated with creativity35,47,55. Importantly and critically, while all three variables of interest were interrelated, the Bayesian mediation analysis indicated that PAA did not explain the relationship between bodily movement and creativity. This finding corresponds to a former study. Steinberg et al.20 reported an impact of physical activity on creative performance and positive affect. However, they did not find evidence for a mediation. Importantly, together with Steinberg et al.20, the present finding suggests an additive effect of PAA and physical activity on creativity. This conclusion may also have important consequences: (1) Other psychological mechanisms have to be considered responsible for the observed relationship between physical activity and creativity. It might be hypothesized that the personality trait openness to experiences may serve as a potentially mediating variable, because it goes along with creativity and physical activity63,64. (2) To promote creativity, the induction of PAA plus the engagement in physical activity separately might be more fruitful in contrast to one strategy alone. This is in line with the observation that PAA was mainly associated with the fluency of ideas, but bodily movement seemed to be linked with the quantity and quality of ideas.
In accordance with this, Curnow and Turner39 reported an additional effect in a music (i.e., arousal) and exercise combined group compared to exercise and music alone groups in TTCT fluency, but they did not find differences in originality. However, this study investigated acute effects of exercise and emotional arousal on creativity, while the present study focused on the chronic aspect of this relationship, thus hampering a direct comparison of results. To overcome this limitation of solely focusing on chronic or acute mechanisms in future studies, experience-sampling methods (i.e., ecological momentary assessment of everyday life behavior), which enable the measurement of creativity, affective states, and bodily movement in the very same moment of time, should be applied44,65. This innovative approach may allow a more detailed insight into the mechanisms responsible for the relationship between physical activity and creativity. In conjointly using ecological momentary assessment and multi-level analyses, the chronic as well as acute effects of physical activity (and positive affect) on creative performance may be distinguished.
While in accordance with previous research higher PAA was associated with more bodily movement41,44,45,46 the more detailed analyses—using the proportion of time spent with bodily movement at different intensity levels—showed a divergent pattern of correlations. PAA was linked with very vigorous physical activity, but not with moderate and low intensities40,42. These additional analyses indicate one further explanation for the absence of a mediation effect. While a sedentary lifestyle seems to be associated with lower creativity scores, it shows no association with the affect. With other words: Because affect and creativity are associated with different intensity levels of everyday bodily movement, movement associated changes in affect might therefore be independent from movement associated changes in creativity. This conclusion is well in line with an additive effect of affect and physical activity on creativity. Despite the promises of ecological momentary assessment studies as outlined above, the present study was interested to assess the trait component of all variables and tested whether variance of the proposed mediator (i.e., PAA) overlaps with the shared variance of the predictor (i.e., bodily movement) and the criterion (i.e., creative performance).
This study is not without limitations. It is important to note that—due to the cross-sectional study design—the reported correlations are not causal in nature. Hence, it would also be possible, for instance, that creativity leads to more positive affect65 and higher levels of positive affect result in more everyday bodily movement44. Due to the moderate (and even low) reliability of the measures of bodily movement, PAA, and creativity, results should be treated with caution. However, physical activity was assessed on five different days including the weekend. Thus, a moderate internal consistency is well in line with the assumed variations of bodily movement throughout a week66. Similarly, total creative performance was assessed by two measures in two domains (i.e., figural and verbal), further decreasing internal consistency, which was in the reported range of various scoring methods in this field59. Although, the total creative performance score showed the expected association with bodily movements, it has also been criticized57,58,59,67, and a differentiation between quality (i.e., originality) and quantity (i.e., fluency) of ideas has been suggested. In accordance with the total creative performance score, originality and fluency were positively associated with bodily movement, however, only fluency was associated with PAA. This is in line with many laboratory studies investigating the association with physical activity by means of creativity measures combining fluency and originality of ideas19,28,30. Finally, the sample size of the present study might be too small to detect a small effect of PAA on the association between creativity and physical activity by means of a frequentist approach. However, the use of informative priors in a Bayesian mediation analysis increases the power of analyses and the precision of estimates56. Nevertheless, and not at least due to the high number of correlations in this study, a replication of the findings, also by means of a momentary ecological assessment approach is recommended before far-reaching conclusions are warrantable.
To sum up, the present findings are in accordance with the common notion that physical activity has many beneficial effects. Besides the well-known effects on physical health, a greater degree of everyday bodily movement is associated with higher levels of PAA (and subjective well-being40) and better creative cognition12,19. This study represents a first step to investigate this complex relationship in everyday life. The findings argue for an association between everyday bodily movement and creativity that is not merely attributed to the PAA. Further studies are certainly warranted to elucidate other pathways.
Seventy-nine participants (42 women) with an age range from 18 to 33 years (M = 22.95; SD = 3.34) took part in the study. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) varied between 17.29 kg/m2 and 39.18 kg/m2 (M = 22.81 kg/m2, SD = 3.43 kg/m2). All participants were university students. The highest degree of completed education ranged from job that requires training (1.3%) to academic degree (26.6%; grammar school, 56.9%; vocational school, 15.2%). Participants with chronic or acute musculoskeletal impairment were not included in the sample. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Graz (approval number GZ. 39/21/63 ex 2015/16), methods were carried out in accordance with this, and written informed consent was obtained.
Creativity tasks
Verbal creativity
In the Alternate Uses (AU) task22 participants had to produce as many original and creative uses of conventional everyday objects (e.g., umbrella, car tire) as possible within 1 min each. In total participants worked on five items. This procedure resulted in 1,164 separable ideas in total. The originality of each idea was rated by three instructed and independent raters on a four-point rating scale ranging from 1 (not original at all) to 4 (highly original; cf. Consensual Assessment Technique68; see, e.g., Rominger et al.69). The inter-rater agreement was ICC (2, k) = 0.75. Participants' verbal creative performance was indexed by the sum of all originality scores of the produced ideas (M = 44.36, SD = 12.05; similar procedure see20,26,70). Since studies reported a high correlation between this additive scoring procedure of creative performance and the fluency of ideas57,58,71, the quantity (i.e., fluency, mean number of answers per item constituted the individual fluency score, M = 4.91, SD = 1.27) and quality (i.e., originality, average of all originality scores of a participant; M = 1.82, SD = 0.26) of ideas were calculated for additional analyses.
Figural creativity
In the Picture Completion Task of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT26) participants have to extend abstract lines and figures in an original and creative way. Similar to the procedure of the AU task, the originality of each picture was evaluated by three independent raters on a four-point scale ranging from 1 to 4 (ICC (2, k) = 0.79)72. The raters were instructed to rate the originality of the idea only, and not the drawing skills or the title of the drawing. Participant's figural creative performance score was calculated as the sum of all produced originality scores, that is a weighted sum (M = 18.03, SD = 3.79; similar procedure see 20,26,70). Fluency was determined as the number of completed pictures within the given time-limit of 10 min (734 pictures in total; M = 9.29, SD = 1.21). Originality was indicated as the average of all originality scores of a participant (M = 1.95, SD = 0.35).
Total creative performance
In order to indicate participant's total creative performance, the z-transformed verbal and figural creative performance scores were aggregated (α = 0.45). For additional analyses the fluency and originality scores were calculated by the sum of the z-transformed scores. Cronbach's alpha for fluency was α = 0.63 and α = 0.59 for originality.
Objective measurement of everyday bodily movement
Bodily movement was recorded by means of tri-axial acceleration sensors (ActiGraph®, Model GT3X + , weight of 19 g). All participants carried the sensor on the right side of their hip, attached with an elastic belt66,73,74. This approach provides a measure of metabolically relevant whole-body movements and their intensity levels66. The acceleration data were sampled with 30 Hz and activity counts were analyzed using 1 min epochs (i.e., counts/min, CPM; see Schwerdtfeger et al.44 for a similar approach). The activity counts were the composite vector magnitude of the three axes75,76. The CPM as the main output of the ActiGraph77 was validated in a high number of studies (e.g.,78; for details how ActiGraph counts are generated, see Brønd, Andersen, & Arvidsson79). All data were analyzed with the software ActiLife (Version 6.13.2).
The acceleration data were recorded on five consecutive days during waking hours, in order to reliably and representatively measure the degree of participants' everyday bodily movement66,80. The recordings started on Wednesday 00:00 and ended on Sunday at 23:59. Since all participants were instructed to note the sensors' non-wearing times in a calendar template (e.g., during bathing, or sleeping), we were able to exclude invalid periods of sensor data (i.e., counts of zero) from CPM estimation. The minimum of wearing time per day was set to 600 min (M = 839.89 min, SD = 79.69 min)38. Non-activities longer than 90 min during the self-rated wearing time were treated as invalid non-activities and all counts of zero during this time were excluded from the CPM estimation81. The resulting data were finally quality checked for spurious counts (i.e., CPMs above 20,000 were inspected in more detail)80,82. This procedure resulted in M = 4.99 (SD = 0.01) valid days per participant (max = 5, min = 4) showing a mean CPM of 601.38 (SD = 168.54). There was no significant difference of CPM between the five days of measurement (F(4,74) = 1.367; p = 0.245). The reliability and the validity of the applied method are acceptable66,83 with a Cronbach's α of 0.61 in the present study (for all five days of recording).
In addition to CPM as an index of general everyday bodily movement, the proportion of minutes (relative to the total wearing time) spent in no to light (< 2,690 CPMs; M = 93.60%, SD = 2.84%), moderate (2,690–6,166 CPMs; M = 5.40%, SD = 2.43%), vigorous (6,167–9,642 CPMs; M = 0.76%, SD = 0.77%), and very vigorous activity (> 9,642 CPMs; M = 0.26%, SD = 0.50%) was analyzed. These measures are estimates of the probability with which participants show movement in a specified intensity level. The classification cut-points were in accordance with former studies76.
Positive-activated affect (PAA)
Positive-activated affect as a trait was assessed by four items of the German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)84,85. Participants were requested to indicate how they feel in general on all 20 adjectives of the PANAS on a five-point Likert scale (from 1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). Similar to Schwerdtfeger and Gerteis86, PAA was indexed by the mean of the four items87 ("active", "alert", "attentive", "inspired"; M = 3.47, SD = 0.55, Cronbach's α = 0.61).
All participants were tested separately. Firstly, they signed the informed consent, followed by the PANAS and the divergent thinking tests (AUT, TTCT). Participants were familiarized with the study protocol and the technical equipment (acceleration sensor, belt). Following the instruction, the accelerometer was initialized and attached. Finally, participants were instructed to report the sensor wearing times in a template. After the objective measurement of habitual bodily movement, participants returned the sensors and finally rated the typicality of the recording days on a four-point rating scale (1 = absolutely typical, 2 = rather typical, 3 = rather untypical, 4 = totally untypical). No participant rated these days as totally untypical (17.72% absolutely typical, 69.62% rather typical, 12.66% rather untypical).
Statistical analysis
In order to answer the first study question, Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between everyday bodily movement and total creative performance. Furthermore, as an important prerequisite for a mediation, the inter-correlations of all three variables of interest (i.e., CPM, PAA, and total creative performance) were calculated88.
Bayesian mediation analysis was applied to evaluate if the association between everyday bodily movement and creativity was due to the influence of PAA. The statistical program R (version 3.4.3)89 with the package brms (version 2.7.0)90 was used. A Bayesian approach instead of a common frequentist approach was applied, because of (1) the moderate sample size of 79 participants56,91 and (2) the a priori knowledge about the intercorrelations. The use of prior information in Bayesian statistics increases the power of the applied mediation analysis56. Firstly, physical activity is associated with increased creativity19,21. Secondly, physical activity is positively associated with PAA44, and, thirdly, PAA is linked with creativity47,55. Based on relevant literature, normally distributed informative priors for the regression coefficients of bodily movement and creativity (µ = 0.12, σ2 = 0.10; Etnier et al.12 reporting a d of 0.25), bodily movement and PAA (µ = 0.27, σ2 = 0.10; Reed & Buck40 reporting a d of 0.57), and creativity and PAA (µ = 0.08, σ2 = 0.10)55 were used56.
Samples were derived by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, 4 chains with 5,000 iterations (1,000 warm-up samples for each chain) and 16,000 post-warmup samples were used. Unstandardized effect estimates (b), 95% credible intervals (CI), and the potential scale reduction factor on split chains (Rhat) are reported. For Rhat, values close to 1 indicate that the chains converged (i.e., the number of iterations was sufficient). To evaluate the mediating role of PAA on the association between bodily movement and creativity the direct, indirect, and total effect, and the effect proportion of the mediation are reported. This was done with the R package mediation (version 4.4.6)92. The mediating effect of PAA is considered as present, when the credible intervals (CIs) of the indirect effect are positive and do not include zero.
In additional analyses the association between the intensity levels of physical activity and total creative performance with the proportion of time spent with physical activities in different intensity levels were calculated. Equivalent correlations were calculated for PAA. Since the total creative performance score has been criticized to be mainly driven by the fluency of ideas58,93, additional analyses were calculated to investigate the association of originality and fluency with bodily movements, by means of a regression analysis. This approach allows to investigate the unique variance quality and quantity of ideas share with physical activity. A similar regression analysis was calculated for PAA.
Data availability
The data will be available from the first author.
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The authors thank Martina Schein, Martina Kern, and Sonja Knieling for their valuable help in data collection and preparation. The authors acknowledge the financial support by the University of Graz.
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Rominger, C., Fink, A., Weber, B. et al. Everyday bodily movement is associated with creativity independently from active positive affect: a Bayesian mediation analysis approach. Sci Rep 10, 11985 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68632-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68632-9
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Live Nation, the world's leading live entertainment company, has today announced its global discovery platform, ONES TO WATCH AUSTRALIA, is returning for another live showcase event in NSW this August in partnership with SOUND WEST Music + Tech Festival.
The showcase is set to be held at The Albion Hotel in Paramatta on 25 August, and will feature performances from Western Sydney artists ZPLUTO, Shanae, and ESHAAN.
The showcase is part of an ongoing live event series produced through the Ones To Watch Program, designed to provide emerging artists with the opportunity to connect with local music lovers, and perform in front of key industry professionals.
The Ones To Watch online global artist discovery platform is the number one destination for local music fans to discover their new favourite artists. The platform showcases rising new talent within Australia, including musicians, bands, and producers, who will be provided with professional support to help kickstart their careers by leveraging Live Nation's global network.
The Ones To Watch program has been hugely successful in progressing the careers of local Australian talent, with previous showcases in Adelaide and the Gold Coast developing the careers of talented Australian artists, including Colourblind, East AV3, Teenage Joans, Hoodzy, Saint Lane, and WIIGZ.
Western Sydney has long been known as a melting-pot of cultures that share a rich passion for music and live entertainment. Home to many incredible artists, the region is one of Australia's most vibrant and up-and-coming music scenes.
The SOUND WEST Music + Tech Festival is where technology, music, creativity and learning converge in Parramatta from August 20th to 28th 2022. The festival offers discovery, professional development, and networking, and is a premier destination for Australia's biggest technology and creative brands, entrepreneurs, artists and innovators. Featuring keynote addresses, workshops, mentoring and performances to inspire creative people to achieve their goals, SOUND WEST will feature over 35 curated sessions.
Live Nation and SOUND WEST recognise the immense talent in Western Sydney, and this showcase event is an opportunity for these emerging home-grown artists to connect with an incredible group of industry leaders and music enthusiasts.
Paramatta locals ZPLUTO, Shanae, and ESHAAN are dominating the Western Sydney music scene and launching it onto the national stage.
ZPLUTO brings an electric mix of hip hop, pop and alternative music that captivates audiences. Manoeuvring in a sonic world, ZPLUTO's lyricism relies on a balance of vulnerability and confidence that sets him apart within the Australian rap scene.
Shanae is fiercely dedicated to empowering and inspiring others by remaining unapologetically true to herself. Growing up between Australia and South Africa, music became a cultural anchor between nations. With roots in Gospel music and Cpe-Townian Jazz, mixed with New-Soul, RnB, and Hip Hop, Shanae crosses musical genres, delivering an electric medley of sound.
ESHAAN seeks to create an alternate world through his music, where audiences can visualise and understand their feelings in a new context. With lyricism displaying candid vulnerability, ESHAAN's music blurs the lines between RnB, pop, indie, and electronic, employing a complexity of sound that allows a deeper meaning to unfold upon each listen.
Chris Akavi, Live Nation promoter and Ones To Watch Curator, commented: "The SOUND WEST Ones To Watch event is an incredible opportunity for our featured artists to showcase their talent to both local and global music fans, and connect with a range of key industry members. We have no doubt that the Paramatta live show will be an electric display of the best emerging artists from Western Sydney's music scene."
Amanda Brisot, SOUND WEST board member commented: "Artist development, early career support and furthering the career of emerging artists are some of the founding ethos of SOUND WEST and after seeing the amazing shows organised by Live Nation in New Zealand and Gold Coast, the OTW program aligns perfectly with SOUND WEST, we are excited to see the artists perform and support given to them post event by Live Nation via publicity and promotion".
SOUND WEST is proudly supported by the NSW Government through its tourism and major events agency, Destination NSW.
About ZPLUTOBorn in New Zealand, though calling Australia home since 2008, ZPLUTO grew up idolising a wide range of artists who left undeniable impacts across the genres of rock, contemporary pop, hip hop and R&B. For a young ZPLUTO, the way their music unified legions of fans around the world first engaged a spirit within him that has flourished into a music journey all his own. When it comes to his own music, ZPLUTO manoeuvres in a sonic world not unfamiliar to fans of The Kid Laroi, Post Malone, and JuiceWRLD. His lyricism could be pulled from journal entries, melodies and a flow that relies on a balance of vulnerability and confidence to stick the landing. For ZPLUTO, this balance comes naturally. Combining elements of hip hop, pop and alternative music on a palette from which ZPLUTO paints detailed and fresh musical ideas, 2022 stands to be an exciting one for the hip-hop rapper.
About ShanaeWith big energy, tasteful savagery and uncompromising creative vision, Shanae, the Australian-born South African is fearless in her pursuit to be loud and unapologetic about one's truth.
Born in Sydney, Shanae grew up living between Australia and her parent's home country of South Africa. Music became her cultural anchor between the country she was born in, and the South African blood running through her veins. Her love and connection to music helped her navigate her identity, her femininity, her drive, her passion and her purpose.
Her deep roots in Gospel music and Cape-Townian Jazz, mixed with her love for Neo-Soul, RnB and Hip-Hop has allowed her to create art without boundaries, enabling her to write and perform from a place of true freedom and absolute certainty. This freedom means she can create music that crosses genres and is impossible to box in, with her strong, confident vocal delivery and razor-sharp lyrics acting as the anchors to keep her art consistent. 2021 saw Shanae release debut single 'Come On Over', followed by 'Locking Eyes' and 'Some Type Of Way', racking up over a million streams.
2022 has seen Shanae place Top 10 in the publicly voted for "Acclaim Allstars Class of 2022", plus has seen her tour consistently throughout the year, recently supporting PJ Morton across his sold-out Sydney and Melbourne shows. August 2022 will see the highly anticipated release of her single Illusions, plus the release of her debut mixtape.
Finding confidence and strength from Australian based women like Sampa The Great and Kaiit, who have smashed down barriers and changed the face of Australian Music, Shanae as an artist wants to continuing creating on her own terms, and empower and inspire others in the process.
About ESHAAN Coming off the back of his first live show on the Fair Day main stage at Mardi Gras earlier this year, and the release of his debut single 'Back To The Future' on 8th July, Sydney based artist ESHAAN (pronounced ISH-AHN), is starting to bring his world of music and art to life.
The name ESHAAN symbolises triumph through sadness, and understanding one's purpose as they navigate their way through the world. The name brings forth the ability to destroy in order to recreate, and represents both the blessing and weakness in the ability to detach from defeat, and concentrate on what will physically, spiritually and mentally heal. Using music as a platform to share his journey, ESHAAN seeks to create an alternate world, where one can visualise and understand their feelings in a new context.
Inspired by all that makes up the universe, and how we react and engage to everything within, ESHAAN's songwriting draws upon his personal experiences, whilst looking to further explore what many others have endured in a similar space. ESHAAN's lyrics display a candid vulnerability, whilst also employing a complexity that allows a deeper meaning to unfold upon each listen.
Armed with over ten years of musical experience, ESHAAN has taken influence from artists such as Troye Sivan, Tove Lo, Khalid, BENEE, CXLOE, ASHWARYA, Tora, Vera Blue, RÜFÜS DU SOL, and FLETCHER. Utilising a melting pot of sound within his tracks, ESHAAN's music blurs the lines between RnB, pop, indie, and electronic.
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Across all sectors and budgets JNC Sales are providing the highest quality products, with new kiddie rides and pushers from leading manufacturers among the best and brightest at the stand.
JNC are excited to reveal their latest new products, along with a selection of used machines that have been fully workshopped and continue to demonstrate JNC's ability to cater for all budgets. New for 2017 are the Krazy Karz kiddie rides, made by the same team who wowed the industry with the Go Go Pony, the Scooby Doo pusher range from Harry Levy (available as a straight, round and wall pusher), the Rescue Firefighter redemption whacker and the Happy Bus kiddie ride from Tecway. JNC will also be showing off their new range of cranes at the show, so make you visit our stand to grab a fantastic machine or two!
With over thirty years of experience, JNC are a leading supplier and exporter of new and used amusement machines. With over 2,000 machines in stock, products range from pushers, air hockey tables, video games, change machines, kiddie rides, redemption and fruit machines. By offering workshopped machines at the lowest possible prices with a professional sales service and dedicated aftersales support, JNC help customers around the world with individual solutions. With a global reach from our Bristol warehouse, we are able to help develop the latest product lines along with a wide offering of some of the industry's best-known machines.
JNC have worked with Harry Levy to develop the Scooby Doo pusher range, which comes on the back of the successful Justice League of America pushers. Following customer feedback and on-site testing, these new pushers have centre lose holes for additional revenue, illuminated pay-out trays for improved player attraction and the latest Deltronic ticket dispensers for improved reliability. We also expect to see a continuation of advances in the redemption market as more and more of our customers make the transition to ticket redemption. The Rescue Firefighter whacker, which was initially released as a single player redemption machine, now excels as a two-player whacker as it encourages children to race against each other as they try to get their fireman to the top of the ladder. We also expect our new three-player roller-ball machine, Emergency Rescue, to take the market by storm on the back of a year's testing and in-house development – this updated take on an old family favourite is not be missed.


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In a naughty twist of fate, Uno and Aimee meet and enter a secret agreement, Uno will be Aimee's constant to alter her personality and help her connect to people. Little do they know that such will lead to a different kind of relationship to alter each other's hearts.
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text: jar_of_clay Posted January 25, 2009 Share Posted January 25, 2009 I just installed a pair of Helibar risers for my R1200S. I am very pleased with how they have improved the sport touring capabilities of the bike. They do not look like they would significantly change your riding position, but they do. They are designed so that no modification is needed in anyway. I am looking forward to trying them out on a track day soon. I hope that I will not be disappointed by their handling on the track. The good thing about the Helibars is, if there is a problem, changing back to the stock bars is not difficult. Link to comment


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We offer 15 places for a twelve-hour English-language Mental Health First Aid Course (MHFA), which will take place on six dates for two hours each. One or two places on the waiting list may also still be promising.
05.09.22 (12:00-14:00)
13.09.22 (13:00-15:00)
19.09.22 (09:00-11:00)
20.09.22 (09:00-11:00)
27.09.22 (13:00-15:00)
04.10.22 (13:00-15:00)
The course is run by Zentralinstitut (ZI) für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim and is based on a well-established and internationally widely accepted curriculum that has been adjusted to Germany. Find here the German-language MHFA course description. If you are looking for an English-language description, you can find one on the website for the Australian MHFA training.
Participation costs will be covered centrally by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association. In the first round, places can be booked only by coordinators of Helmholtz schools and Career Centers.
The ZI will only issue you a certificate of participation if you take part in all sessions. In case you cannot make one or the other date, please let us know in the registration form, such that we check for options to offer you that session on another day with another group.
When you register, you will immediately receive an email that you are on the waiting list. Shortly following the deadline, we will let you know if your application was accepted. Should there be more registrations than places available, places will be allocated evenly across Helmholtz centers/schools, with the first-come-first-served principle within each center, so early registration is recommended. Your availability on the course dates will also be taken into account for selecting participants.


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text: Hi Folks, Not sure when it went up but I just noticed the 2014 examiner's report is now online at VCAA. And as our thoughts turn to the end of the year, PixelEd will be releasing their 2015 practice exam very soon, watch this space for more info. Also very excited about tomorrow night's Industry Dinner. If you haven't confirmed through payment, please contact Marian Stoney (not the list) We cannot process cancellations after 3.30 today. marianfrances12 at gmail.com<mailto:marianfrances12 at gmail.com> We also need to know any special dietary requirements, if we don't already have that information. Cheers Claire Bloom Important - This email and any attachments may be confidential. If received in error, please contact us and delete all copies. Before opening or using attachments check them for viruses and defects. Regardless of any loss, damage or consequence, whether caused by the negligence of the sender or not, resulting directly or indirectly from the use of any attached files our liability is limited to resupplying any affected attachments. Any representations or opinions expressed are those of the individual sender, and not necessarily those of the Department of Education and Training. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.edulists.com.au/pipermail/vet-mm/attachments/20150728/b61b552c/attachment.html


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Australia cricket team
Lyon stars as Australia crush Sri Lanka inside three days
The hosts were bundled out for 113 in their second innings allowing the Australians to seal a 10-wicket victory in their first over back at the crease in Galle.
The hosts were bundled out for 113 in their second innings allowing the Australians to seal a 10-wicket victory in their first over back at the crease in Galle.
Symonds was killed in a single-vehicle accident in northern Queensland earlier this month, leaving Australian cricket reeling once more following the recent and unexpected deaths of greats Shane Warne and Rod Marsh.
The 51-year-old walked away from the job in February after failing to secure the public support of key players and following acrimonious contract talks with governing body Cricket Australia (CA).
The legendary cricketer died at a luxury resort in Thailand this month from a suspected heart attack, aged 52, eliciting shock and grief from his millions of fans as well as prime ministers, rock stars and fellow players.
The victory gives Australia the Benaud-Qadir Trophy, named after former Australian skipper Richie Benaud and Pakistan leg-spinner Abdul Qadir.
Warne died at the age of 52 on the Thai holiday island of Koh Samui on Friday. His body is to be repatriated. An autopsy found he had died of natural causes following a reported heart attack.
The 74-year-old, who played 96 Tests and was later a long-time national selector, had been in an induced coma and passed away peacefully in an Adelaide hospital on Friday morning, his family confirmed.
The star batsman threw himself into the air on the boundary to try to prevent a six from Maheesh Theekshana in a dramatic final over in the second game of the five-match series in Sydney on Sunday.
Ace leg-spinner Yasir Shah has been demoted to reserves for the three-Test series, which will be played in Rawalpindi, Karachi and Lahore beginning 4 March.
Pat Cummins had been under pressure from former players to explain his role in Langer's departure after the 51-year-old quit on Saturday following unsuccessful talks with Cricket Australia over a contract extension.
Pat Cummins' side - which recently lost coach Justin Langer in acrimonious circumstances - are slated to play a three-Test series in Rawalpindi, Karachi and Lahore from 4 March.
The tour will be a huge boost for Pakistan, which was hit hard when New Zealand and England abandoned recent tours over security concerns.
Justin Langer's four-year contract ends in mid-2022 and there is speculation over his future, despite Australia's recent success in the Ashes series and at the T20 World Cup.
Since the tour was arranged, the New Zealand government has changed its rules for entry into the country because of the threat posed by the Omicron variant.
At the close England were 258 for seven, with Bairstow unbeaten on 103 with eight fours and three sixes, and Jack Leach not-out four to trail Australia by 158 runs.
Australia, holding an unassailable 3-0 series lead, looked in a strong position at 111 for one before pacemen Anderson and Wood struck in the space of seven balls.
Just when a demoralised England thought their tour could not get much worse, they folded in the morning on day three in Melbourne and will now be desperate to avoid a series whitewash.
A dazed England lost four wickets in a hostile late spell to leave them still trailing by 51 runs and fighting to stave off defeat Monday at stumps on day two of a gripping third Ashes Test against Australia.
Four members of the England camp - two support staff and two family members - tested positive for coronavirus just hours before the start of day two in the third Test in Melbourne.


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The Fact Behind Taylor Swift's Personal Jet Utilization – E! On-line
Taylor, who has been not too long ago noticed in each Los Angeles and London, is not the one celeb who has been criticized for his or her perceived personal jet utilization as of late.
Kylie Jenner additionally confronted backlash on-line after the Kylie Cosmetics founder posted a photograph on Instagram of her and Travis Scott standing in entrance of their two planes with the caption, "You wanna take mine or yours?" Later, a 17-minute flight from her personal jet publicized by the @celebjets account went viral. It's unclear if the truth star was on board.
Following the discharge of the Yard report, a number of of Taylor's followers took to social media to share their ideas on her personal flights, referencing local weather change issues.
"That is very stunning to me, truthfully. Increasingly celebs are emphasizing the significance of lowering emissions, however it's these outrageous overconsumptions that should be curbed," one fan wrote on Reddit. 'I like Taylor, however I would by no means take a press release from her in regards to the local weather critically after seeing this. I actually suppose she has the means to do higher."
One other added, "I like Taylor. I even have a powerful detrimental opinion of celeb personal jet tradition and suppose wealthy individuals basically have discovered to prioritize their consolation and freedom over the remainder of us having a secure local weather, and I feel that is morally unsuitable of her."


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A new state law takes effect Monday that allows Maine seniors to put a freeze on their property taxes, but it's drawn concern from municipal officials about the program's potential cost and scope.
The original law's sponsor, Sen. Trey Stewart, R-Aroostook, said he can't take full credit for the original idea behind the property tax stabilization program.
A woman in Aroostook County approached him and suggested that Mainers, once they reach a certain age, should have their property taxes frozen.
The property tax stabilization program, which the state legislature quietly provided initial start-up funding for this year, does exactly that.
To qualify, permanent Maine residents must be 65 or older and have owned a home for at least 10 years. There are no income restrictions, in part, because Stewart said it would have been too complicated.
"The goal is to make it simple, quick, painless," he said.
Mainers have until Dec. 1 this year — and each year after — to apply through their towns for stabilization. Those approved this fall, for example, will have next year's tax bill frozen at this year's levels.
Seniors who move will be allowed to transfer the fixed tax bill to their new property, even if it's in a town with higher taxes. The state will reimburse municipalities for lost revenue.
"Any time that we can provide more stability for seniors and help them age well in place in the home that they're comfortable with and have lived in for the vast majority of their life, that's a good thing," Stewart said. "That's a role that I think state government can and ought to be doing more to secure."
But Kate Dufour, director of advocacy and communications for the Maine Municipal Association, said some towns and cities are worried about the program.
"There are two broad categories of concerns," she said. "The first is a public relations nightmare."
Kate Dufour is the director of advocacy and communication for the Maine Municipal Association, which represents towns and cities across the state.
Dufour worries the annual application requirement will place an administrative burden on municipalities, who are already crunched for time and resources. And she said puts more pressure on municipal officials to provide a service that she believes the state could handle instead.
"If somebody forgets to apply, they're not going to yell at a state legislator. They're not going to yell at Maine Revenue Services; they're going to yell at their community," Dufour said. "It's frustrating that we're being put in that position."
It's unclear exactly how many Maine seniors will be eligible and how many will apply. A spokesperson for Maine Revenue Services, which released the application and guidance for the program last week, said it doesn't have an estimate for the number of people who may be eligible.
But according to 2020 census data, a little more than 238,000 Maine homeowners are 65 or older.
The Aroostook Agency on Aging estimates some 11,000 people in the county could be eligible for the new program. It, along with other similar agencies, are fielding phone calls from older Mainers and are preparing to help them apply for the program, said Rick Bragg, community outreach and education manager for the organization.
In Bangor, there could be as many as 500-to-800 people who are eligible, Phil Drew, the city's assessor, said. He agrees the program could be beneficial for eligible seniors, though he said assessors around the state "gasped" when they heard it had become law.
Drew said he and his existing staff will do their best to implement the new program and remind residents each year to apply again. He expects to meet with city councilors later this month to discuss whether they'll actively advertise the program to residents and mail out applications.
But the program could get expensive, he added.
"The amount that the state will pick up could be huge, it could be a huge amount," Drew said. "And whether the state is going to set aside enough money to fund that…?"
According to the new law, the state may reimburse municipalities for the full costs of freezing property taxes. And while Stewart said he's optimistic the legislature will prioritize funding for the program in the future, some municipalities aren't so sure.
The Maine constitution only requires the state reimburse towns for half of lost revenue costs, Dufour said.
State appropriators set aside $315,242 to launch the program this fiscal year. They estimate it'll cost at least $2.2 million next year and more than $7 million the year after.
"If the state finds this to be far too expensive to reimburse municipalities for that 100% loss, then we're going to get to the 50% level," Dufour said. "And all we're going to do is shift additional burdens onto young families and businesses."
But Stewart said the state is committed to making the program work, and there is no reason to believe the tax burden will be unfairly shifted to others.
"The state has said and supported our decision to prioritize those folks and set funds aside for them," he said. "Let's see how this thing goes, rather than freaking out and basically making up doomsday scenarios about things that have never happened."
Dufour said the Maine Municipal Association is gathering a list of concerns about the new law and possible solutions to address them. She believes there is still time to change the program, because eligible seniors won't see the benefits until later next year.
Applications for the senior property tax stabilization program are now available. Municipalities can begin accepting them Sept. 1.
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Bixby, Arnold J. age 79 of Richfield. Will be missed by his loving family and friends. Visitation on Friday, July 1st from 12:30-2:30PM at Morris Nilsen Chapel, 6527 Portland Ave. S., Richfield followed by a 3:00 PM graveside service at Bloomington Cemetery, 10340 Lyndale Ave. S. Morris Nilsen Chapel 612-869-3226 morrisnilsen.com
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I think everyone is getting it. I would assume it means a forum admin turned off email notifications. Idk why though.
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It means the forum will not send any emails (for notifications, etc). It says this because I turned off emails.
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