text:
2 0 1 5 I n t e g r a t e d T r a n s m i s s i o n P l a n
1 0 - Y e a r A s s e s s m e n t R e p o r t
January 20, 2015
Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Revision History
Revision History
Date Author Change Description
10/29/2014 SPP staff Part one first draft
06/20/2014 SPP staff Revised draft presented for Internal Review
10/7/2014 SPP Staff ESWG Edits incorporated
Table of ContentsREVISION HISTORY ... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ... 5 LIST OF TABLES... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 8
1.1: The 10-Year ITP ... 13
1.2: How to Read This Report ... 13
1.3: High Priority Incremental Load Study ... 14
1.4: FERC Order 1000 ... 15
3.1: Uncertainty and Important Issues ... 20
3.2: Futures Descriptions ... 20
4.1: Introduction ... 21
4.2: Load & Energy Outlook ... 21
4.3: Policy Drivers ... 23
4.4: Market Structure ... 23
4.5: Congestion Issues ... 23
5.1: Resource Plan Development ... 24
5.2: Siting Plan ... 24
5.3: Conventional Resource Plan ... 24
5.4: Renewable Resource Plan ... 28
5.5: Generator Outlet Facilities ... 31
6.1: Analytical Approaches ... 34
6.2: Projecting Congestion & Market Prices ... 35
6.3: Projecting Potential Criteria Violations ... 36
6.4: Meeting Policy Requirements ... 36
6.5: Utilization of Past Studies & Stakeholder Expertise for Solutions ... 36
6.6: Treatment of Individual Projects & Groupings ... 36
6.7: Determining Recommended Portfolio ... 37
6.8: Measuring Economic Value ... 37
7.1: ITP Seams Coordination Enhancements ... 38
7.2: Coordination Activities ... 38
8.1: Benchmarking Setup ... 42
8.2: Generator Operations ... 42
8.3: System LMPs ... 43
8.4: Hurdle Rates ... 44
9.1: Transmission Needs and Solution Development ... 47
Table of Contents Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
10.2: Reliability Needs ... 49
10.3: Project Processing Methodology ... 52
10.4: Project Selection Methodology ... 53
10.5: Reliability Groupings ... 54
10.6: Reliability Solutions ... 55
11.1: Methodology ... 56
11.2: Policy Needs and Solutions ... 56
12.1: Background ... 57
12.2: Economic Needs ... 57
12.3: Economic Solutions ... 58
13.1: Developing the Portfolios ... 61
13.2: Project Solutions from Previous ITP Studies ... 62
13.3: Future 1 Portfolio ... 62
13.4: Future 2 Portfolio ... 65
14.1: Development ... 69
14.2: Projects ... 71
14.3: Economic Projects ... 73
14.4: Reliability Projects ... 78
15.1: Staging Reliability Projects ... 80
15.2: Staging Economic Projects ... 80
15.3: Staging Policy Upgrades... 81
15.4: Project Staging Results ... 81
16.1: APC Savings ... 83
16.2: Reduction of Emission Rates and Values ... 85
16.3: Savings Due to Lower Ancillary Service Needs and Production Costs ... 85
16.4: Avoided or Delayed Reliability Projects ... 86
16.5: Capacity Cost Savings Due to Reduced On-Peak Transmission Losses ... 86
16.6: Assumed Benefit of Mandated Reliability Projects ... 87
16.7: Benefit from Meeting Public Policy Goals ... 90
16.8: Mitigation of Transmission Outage Costs ... 90
16.9: Increased Wheeling Through and Out Revenues ... 91
16.10: Marginal Energy Losses Benefit ... 93
16.11: Summary ... 94
16.12: Rate Impacts ... 96
19.1: Final Stability Assessment ... 107
19.2: Final Reliability Assessment ... 116
List of Figures
Figure 0.1: 2015 ITP10 Transmission Plan ... 11
Figure 4.1: 2024 Monthly Energy for SPP ... 22
Figure 5.1: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan ... 25
Figure 5.2: Conventional Generation Additions for Future 1 ... 26
Figure 5.3: Conventional Generation Additions for Future 2 ... 27
Figure 5.4: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan Future 1 ... 28
Figure 5.5: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan Future 2 ... 28
Figure 5.6: Renewable Resource Plan for Futures 1 and 2 ... 30
Figure 5.7: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Renewable Resource Plan Future 1 ... 31
Figure 5.8: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Renewable Resource Plan Future 2 ... 31
Figure 7.1: Cost Sharing Example ... 40
Figure 8.1: Reserve Energy Adequacy ... 43
Figure 8.2: LIP/LMP Benchmarking Results ... 44
Figure 8.3: Interchange data comparison ... 45
Figure 9.1: Comparison of economic needs between models ... 48
Figure 10.1: Unique Common Thermal Overload Comparison between models ... 50
Figure 10.2: Unique Common Voltage Comparison between models ... 51
Figure 10.3: Thermal Overload and Voltage Needs Summary by Future ... 51
Figure 10.4: Project processing overview ... 52
Figure 10.5: Project Selection overview ... 53
Figure 10.6: Reliability project consolidation methodology ... 54
Figure 12.1: Developing Economic Needs ... 58
Figure 13.1: Future 1 Portfolio ... 63
Figure 13.2: Future 2 Portfolio ... 66
Figure 14.1: Consolidation of Portfolios ... 69
Figure 14.2: Rebuild North Platt-Stockville-Red Willow ... 73
Figure 14.3: New Transformer at Mingo ... 74
Figure 14.4: Voltage conversion of Iatan-Stranger Creek ... 75
Figure 14.5: Voltage conversion of Iatan-Stranger Creek ... 76
Figure 14.6: New wave trap at Amoco and Sundown ... 77
Figure 14.7: Rebuild Broken Bow – Lone Oak ... 78
Figure 14.8: Walkemeyer – North Liberal... 79
Figure 15.1: Project Staging Interpolation Example ... 80
Figure 16.1: Benefit Metrics for the 2015 ITP10 ... 83
Figure 16.2: APC Calculation ... 83
Figure 16.3: Regional APC Savings Estimated for the 40-year Study Period ... 84
Figure 16.4: Capacity Cost Savings by Zone (40-year NPV) ... 87
Figure 16.5: Mandated Reliability Project Benefits by Zone (40-year NPV) ... 89
Figure 16.6: Transmission Outage Cost Mitigation Benefits by Zone (40-year NPV) ... 91
Figure 16.7: Increased Wheeling Revenue Benefits by Zone (40-year NPV) ... 92
Figure 16.8: Energy Losses Benefit by Zone (40-year NPV) ... 94
Figure 17.1: Future 1 Sensitivities – APC Benefit ... 98
Figure 17.2: Monthly Natural Gas Price Values (2024) ... 99
Figure 17.3: One-Year APC Benefits of Consolidated Portfolio for Demand and Natural Gas Sensitivities... 100
Figure 17.4: One -Year APC Benefits of Consolidated Portfolio for Increased Input Prices Sensitivity ... 101
List of Figures Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Figure 17.6: Reduction of Emission Rates in the Increased Input Prices Sensitivity ... 102 Figure 17.7: One-Year APC Benefits of Consolidated Portfolio for HVDC Project Sensitivities ... 103
List of Tables
Table 0.1: 2015 ITP10 Transmission Plan ... 10
Table 2.1: Renewable Energy Standards by State ... 18
Table 2.2: 2015 ITP10 Conceptual Project Cost Estimates ... 19
Table 4.1: Breakdown of peak load totals ... 22
Table 4.2: Breakdown of annual energy totals ... 22
Table 4.3: Annual Peak Load Growth Rates for SPP OATT Transmission Owners 2019 - 2024 (%) ... 23
Table 5.1: SPP Renewable Generation Additions by Utility ... 29
Table 5.2: Generator Outlet Facilities added for both futures ... 33
Table 6.1: Consolidation Criteria ... 37
Table 8.1: ESWG-Approved Hurdle Rates ... 45
Table 10.1: Future hours analyzed for Reliability needs... 50
Table 10.2: Reliability project consolidation methodology ... 55
Table 11.1: Wind Farm Curtailment ... 56
Table 13.1: Future 1 Net APC Benefit Economic Grouping ... 61
Table 13.2: Future 2 Cost Effective Economic Grouping ... 62
Table 13.3: 2015 ITP10 Upgrades with Equivalent 2013 ITP20 Approved Solutions ... 62
Table 13.4: Future 1 Portfolio Statistics ... 63
Table 13.5: Future 1 Portfolio Projects ... 65
Table 13.6: Future 2 Portfolio Statistics ... 66
Table 13.7: Future 2 Portfolio Projects ... 68
Table 14.1: Consolidated Portfolio Statistics ... 70
Table 14.2: Consolidated Portfolio Projects ... 72
Table 15.1: ITP10 2015 Project Staging Results ... 82
Table 16.1: APC Savings by Zone... 85
Table 16.2: On-Peak Loss Reduction and Associated Capacity Cost Savings ... 86
Table 16.3: System Reconfiguration Analysis Results and Benefit Allocation Factors (Future 1) – 2015$ Millions ... 88
Table 16.4: System Reconfiguration Analysis Results and Benefit Allocation Factors (Future 2) – 2015$ Millions ... 89
Table 16.5: Estimated Wheeling Revenues from Incremental Long-Term TSRs Sold (2010–2014) ... 91
Table 16.6: Historical Ratio of TSRs Sold against Increase in Export ATC ... 92
Table 16.7: Energy Loss Reduction and Associated Production Cost Savings ... 93
Table 16.8: Estimated 40-year NPV of Benefit Metrics and Costs – Zonal (Future 1) ... 94
Table 16.9: Estimated 40-year NPV of Benefit Metrics and Costs – Zonal (Future 2) ... 95
Table 16.10: Estimated 40-year NPV of Benefit Metrics and Costs – State (Future 1) ... 95
Table 16.11: Estimated 40-year NPV of Benefit Metrics and Costs – State (Future 2) ... 96
Table 16.12: 2024 Retail Residential Rate Impacts by Zone (2015 $ & $/MWh) ... 97
Table 17.1: Natural Gas and Demand Changes (2024) ... 99
Table 19.1: Wind Generation per Future ... 107
Table 19.2: Modeled Wind generation per future ... 107
Table 19.3: Modeled Wind generation per future ... 108
Table 19.4: Future 1 Voltage Collapse Transfers ... 111
Table 19.5: Future 2 Voltage Collapse Transfers ... 116
Table 20.1: Future 1 Economic Needs ... 117
Executive Summary Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Executive Summary
The Integrated Transmission Planning (ITP) process is Southwest Power Pool's iterative three-year study process that includes 20-Year, 10-Year and Near Term Assessments. The 20-Year Assessment identifies transmission projects, generally above 300 kV, needed to provide a grid flexible enough to provide benefits to the region across multiple scenarios. The 10-Year Assessment focuses on facilities 100 kV and above to meet system needs over a ten-year horizon. The Near Term Assessment is performed annually and assesses system upgrades, at all applicable voltage levels, required in the near term planning horizon to address reliability needs. Along with the Highway/Byway cost allocation methodology, the ITP process promotes transmission investment that will meet reliability, economic, and public policy needs1 intended to create a cost-effective, flexible, and robust transmission network that will improve access to the region's diverse generating resources. This report documents the 10-year Assessment that concludes in December 2015.
Two distinct futures were considered to account for possible variations in system conditions over the assessment's 10-year horizon. These futures consider evolving changes in technology, public policy and climate changes that may influence the transmission system and energy industry as a whole. The futures are presented briefly below and further discussed in Section 3:
1. Business-As-Usual: This future includes all statutory/regulatory renewable mandates and goals as well as other energy or capacity as identified in the Policy Survey resulting in 11.5 GW of renewable resources modeled in SPP, load growth projected by load serving entities including the High Priority Incremental Loads, and SPP member-identified generator retirement projections. This future
assumes no major changes to policies that are currently in place.
2. Decreased Base Load Capacity: This future considers factors that could drive a reduction in existing generation. It will include all assumptions from the Business as Usual future with a decrease in existing base load generation capacity.
The recommended 2015 ITP10 portfolio shown in Figure 0.1 is estimated at $273 million in engineering and construction cost and includes projects needed to meet potential reliability, economic, and policy requirements. These projects, with a total estimated net present value revenue requirement of $334 million, are expected to provide net benefits of approximately $1.4 billion over the life of the projects under a Future 1 scenario containing 10.3 GW of wind capacity expected to be contracted by SPP members.
1 The Highway/Byway cost allocation approving order is Sw. Power Pool, Inc., 131 FERC ¶ 61,252 (2010). The approving order for ITP is
The following projects make up the portfolio:
Project Description Area(s) Type Future Mileage Cost
New wave trap at Amoco and Sundown, increasing rating on Sundown-Amoco 230 kV line SWPS Economic & Reliability F1 0 $55,641
Voltage conversion of Iatan-Stranger Creek 161 kV line to 345 kV
GMO, WRI Economic F1 14 $16,119,446 Rebuild North Platte-Stockville-Red
Willow 115 kV line to 240/240 MVA, new 345/115 kV transformer at Mingo NPPD, SUNC Economic & Reliability F1 80 $53,562,098
New 345/115 kV transformer at Road
Runner SWPS Reliability F1 0 $5,733,227
Install 2 stages of 14.4 MVAr capacitor
banks on the Ochoa 115 kV bus SWPS Reliability F1 0 $1,659,762 Install 2 stages of 14.4 MVAr capacitor
banks on the China Draw 115 kV bus and the North Loving 115 kV bus
SWPS Reliability F1 0 $3,319,524
New 230/115 kV transformer at Plant X SWPS Reliability F1 0 $3,497,095 New wave trap at Amarillo South,
increasing rating on Amarillo South-Swisher 230 kV line
SWPS Reliability F2 0 $27,821
Tap Northwest-Bush 115 kV line at new station, and build new 3 miles of 115 kV line to Hastings
SWPS Reliability F1 3 $7,984,549
Upgrade 230/115 kV transformer at Tuco SWPS Reliability F1 0 $3,127,583 Upgrade wave trap and CT on the Park
Lane-Seminole 138 kV line OKGE Reliability F2 0 $86,436
Upgrade relays at Sand Springs, increasing ratings on Sand Springs-Prattville 138 kV line
AEPW Reliability F1 0 $176,290
Tap Reno-Wichita 345 kV line into
Moundridge, new 345/138 kV transformer at Moundridge
WRI Reliability F2 0 $14,722,229
Rebuild Forbes-Underpass North 115 kV
line to 218/262 MVA WRI Reliability F1 3 $7,878,364
Reconductor Gracemont-Anadarko 138 kV
line to 286/286 MVA OKGE, WRI Reliability F1 5 $4,650,558
Rebuild Murray Gill East-Interstate 138 kV
line to 286/286 MVA WRI Reliability F2 6 $6,184,325
Reconductor Martin-Pantex North 115 kV line to 240/240 MVA and replace wave trap at Pantex substation
Executive Summary Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Project Description Area(s) Type Future Mileage Cost
Reconductor Pantex North-Pantex South
115 kV line to 240/240 MVA SWPS Reliability F1 3 $1,824,746
Reconductor Highland Park-Pantex South 15 kV line to 240/240 MVA and replace wave trap and switch at Pantex South and Highland Park tap
SWPS Reliability F1 7 $3,649,492
Install 14.4 MVAr capacitor bank at LE
Plains Interchange 115 kV SWPS Reliability F1 0 $829,881
Install 14.4 MVAr capacitor bank at Allred
115 kV SWPS Reliability F1 0 $829,881
Replace CT at Claremore 161 kV GRDA Reliability F1 0 $88,560 Install 6 MVAr capacitor bank at Grinnell
115 kV SUNC Reliability F1 0 $345,784
Rebuild South Shreveport-Wallace Lake
138 kV line to 246/246 MVA AEPW Reliability F1 11 $10,268,933 Rebuild Broken Bow-Lone Oak 138 kV
corridor to 286/286 MVA AEPW Reliability F1 77 $60,804,427 Install 14.4 MVAr capacitor bank at
Ellsworth 115 kV SUNC Reliability F1 0 $829,881
Install 6 MVAr capacitor bank at Mile City
115 kV WAPA Reliability F1 0 $345,784
Upgrade wave traps and switches on
Cimarron-McClain 345 kV line OKGE Reliability F1 0 $116,838
New 345/161 kV transformer at S3459 OPPD Reliability F1 0 $8,176,238 New 115/69 kV transformer at Lovington SWPS Reliability F1 0 $2,239,599 Rebuild Canyon West-Dawn-Panda 115 kV
line to 249/273 MVA SWPS Reliability F2 24 $14,194,453
Tap Hitchland-Finney 345 kV line at new substation and install new 345/115 kV transformer, and build new 23 mile 115 kV line from new station to Walkemeyer and continue to North Liberal
SUNC Reliability F1 22 $36,224,893
Total 260 $273,156,513
Section 1: Introduction
1.1: The 10-Year ITP
The 10-Year Integrated Transmission Planning Assessment (ITP10) is designed to develop a
transmission expansion portfolio containing primarily 100 kV and above projects needed to address reliability needs, support policy initiatives, and enable economic opportunities in the SPP transmission system within the studied ten-year horizon.
ITP10's goals are to:
Focus on regional transmission needs
Utilize a value-based approach to analyze 10-year out transmission system needs
Identify 100 kV and above solutions stemming from such needs as:
o Resolving potential reliability criteria violations
o Mitigating known or expected congestion
o Improving access to markets
o Meeting expected load growth demands
o Facilitating or responding to expected facility retirements
Meet public policy initiatives
Synergize the Generation Interconnection and Transmission Service Studies with other planning processes
Assess the zonal benefits of the final portfolio
1.2: How to Read This Report
This report focuses on the year 2024 and is divided into multiple sections.
Part I addresses the concepts behind this study's approach, key procedural steps in development of the analysis, and overarching assumptions used in the study.
Part II demonstrates the findings of the study, empirical results, and conclusions.
Part III addresses the portfolio specific results, describes the projects that merit consideration, and contains recommendations, expected benefits, and costs. Please note that negative numbers here are shown in red and in parentheses.
Introduction Southwest Power Pool, Inc. SPP Footprint
Within this study, any reference to the SPP footprint refers to the set of Transmission Owners2 (TO) whose transmission facilities are under the functional control of the SPP Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) unless otherwise noted. The Integrated System (IS) has expressed the intention to join the SPP RTO. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) substantively approved the IS joining SPP, which is slated to occur by October 2015. The IS is assumed to be a part of the SPP RTO for this 10-year out study. The IS includes Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), Basin Electric Power Cooperative, and Heartland Consumers Power District.
Energy markets were also modeled for other regions within the Eastern Interconnection. Notably, Associated Electric Cooperatives Inc. (AECI), Mid-Continent Area Power Pool (MAPP), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) were modeled as external energy markets. Entergy and Cleco were modeled within the MISO energy market.
Supporting Documents
The development of this study was guided by the supporting documents noted below. These documents provide structure for this assessment:
SPP 2015 ITP10 Scope
SPP ITP Manual
SPP Metrics Task Force Report
All referenced reports and documents contained in this report are available on SPP.org
Confidentiality and Open Access
Proprietary information is frequently exchanged between SPP and its stakeholders in the course of any study and is extensively used during the ITP development process. This report does not contain
confidential marketing data, pricing information, marketing strategies, or other data considered not acceptable for release into the public domain. This report does disclose planning and operational matters, including the outcome of certain contingencies, operating transfer capabilities, and plans for new facilities that are considered non-sensitive data.
1.3: High Priority Incremental Load Study
The High Priority Incremental Load Study (HPILS), conducted during the 2015 ITP10 process,
evaluated transmission needs resulting from significant incremental load growth expectations in certain parts of SPP.3 The SPP Board of Directors approved the HPILS portfolio in April 2014. In accordance with the recommendation of the Economic Studies Working Group (ESWG) and Transmission Working Group (TWG) on July 3, 2013, the HPILS projects with a notification to construct (NTC) or a
notification to construct with conditions (NTC-C)were included in the 2015 ITP10 model.
2 SPP.org > About > Fast Facts > Footprints
1.4: FERC Order 1000
FERC issued Order 1000 on June 17, 2010. Order 1000 requires the removal of federal right of first refusal (ROFR) for certain transmission projects under the SPP Tariff. To comply with this
requirement, SPP developed the Transmission Owner Selection Process (TOSP) to competitively solicit proposals for projects that no longer have ROFR4. The TOSP is outlined in Attachment Y of the SPP Tariff. For the ITP process, once the applicable ITP study scope has been approved and the needs assessment performed, SPP shall notify stakeholders of the identified transmission needs and provide a transmission-planning response window of 30 calendar days. During this response window, any
stakeholder may submit a Detailed Project Proposal (DPP) pursuant to Section III.8.b. of Attachment O of the SPP Tariff.5
In addition, SPP Business Practice 7650 outlines the specific DPP processes associated with Order 1000.
4 SPP.org > Engineering > Order 1000
Stakeholder Collaboration Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Stakeholder Collaboration ESWG TWG RTWG CAWG MOPC SPC RSC BOD
Section 2: Stakeholder Collaboration
Assumptions and procedures for the 2015 ITP10 analysis were developed through SPP stakeholder meetings that took place in 2013 and 2014. The assumptions were presented and discussed through a series of meetings with members, liaison-members, industry
specialists, and consultants to facilitate a thorough
evaluation. Groups involved in this development included the following:
Economic Studies Working Group (ESWG)
Transmission Working Group (TWG)
Regional Tariff Working Group (RTWG)
Cost Allocation Working Group (CAWG)
Markets and Operations Policy Committee (MOPC)
Strategic Planning Committee (SPC)
SPP Regional State Committee (RSC)
SPP Board of Directors (BOD)
SPP staff served as facilitators for these groups and worked closely with the chairs of each group to ensure all views were heard and that SPP's member-driven value proposition was followed.
The ESWG and TWG provided technical guidance and review for inputs, assumptions, and findings. Specifically, the TWG was responsible for technical oversight of the load forecasts, transmission topology inputs, constraint selection criteria, reliability assessments, transmission project impacts stability analysis, and the report. ESWG was responsible for technical oversight of the economic modeling assumptions, futures development, resource plans and siting, metric development and usage, congestion analysis, economic model review, calculation of benefits, and the report.
The strategic and policy guidance for the study was provided by the SPC, MOPC, RSC, and Board of Directors.
Planning Workshops
In addition to the standard working group meetings, three transmission planning summits were conducted to elicit further input and provide stakeholders with a chance to interact with staff on all related planning topics.
Key drivers developed by the stakeholders were presented at the planning summit on November 20, 2013.6
Potential upgrades were presented at the planning summit on October 8th, 2014.7
Recommended solutions with completed reliability, stability and economic analysis results were presented at the planning summit on December 16th, 2014.8
SPP.org > Engineering > Transmission Planning > 2013 November Planning Summit
Policy Survey
The 2015 ITP10 Policy Survey focused on projected renewable requirements and additions over the next 10 years. In the survey, stakeholders were asked to identify:
Existing renewable resources
o Including renewable resources coming online by end of year 2014
Renewable Statutory/Regulatory Mandates for renewable generation through the year 2024
Renewable Statutory/Regulatory Goals for renewable generation through the year 2024
Other Renewables required to promote company policy or reflect planned future generation additions through the year 2024
SPP used the results of the 2015 ITP10 Policy Survey in the development of resource plans for both conventional and renewable resources, as detailed in Resource Expansion Plan. After modeling existing renewables as reported in the survey, each utility was analyzed to determine if the renewable Mandates, Goals and Other generation quantities as reported in the survey were being met. If a utility was short on renewables, additional capacity was added in order to meet the levels specified in the survey.
Policy Definitions9:
Renewable Statutory/Regulatory Mandate: Any currently effective state or federal statute or local law or any regulatory rule, directive or order which requires that an electric utility,10 subject to the jurisdiction of that state, federal, or local law or regulatory body, must use a certain level (e.g. percentage) of renewable energy11 to serve load. As used in this definition, a regulatory body is:
o 1) Any state or federal regulatory body with authority over rate-setting, resource include planning, and other policy matters for electric utilities within its jurisdiction; or
o 2) An elected City Council, a publicly-elected Board of Directors, a Board of Directors appointed by a publicly-elected official(s), or other governing body as defined by the appropriate governing statutes with jurisdiction over rates, resource planning and other regulatory matters.
Renewable Statutory/Regulatory Goal: Any currently effective state or federal statute or local law or any regulatory rule, directive or order which establishes an aspirational goal to promote the use of a certain level (e.g. percentage) of renewable energy to serve load for an electric utility (subject to the jurisdiction of that state, federal, or local law or regulatory body). This definition does not include renewable energy used by a utility pursuant to Renewable Statutory/Regulatory Mandates, as reported above, or Other Renewables as shown below. As used in this definition, a regulatory body is:
o 1) Any state or federal regulatory body with authority over rate-setting, resource planning, and other policy matters for electric utilities within its jurisdiction; or
o 2) An elected City Council, a publicly-elected Board of Directors, a Board of Directors appointed by a publicly-elected official(s), or other governing body as defined by the appropriate governing statutes with jurisdiction over rates, resource planning and other regulatory matters.
SPP.org > Engineering > Transmission Planning > 2014 December Planning Summit 9 As defined during the policy survey development at the ESWG/CAWG meetings 10 Some municipalities are exempt.
Stakeholder Collaboration Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Other Renewables: Utility company policy which promotes the use of a certain level (e.g.
percentage) of renewable energy to serve load or any other renewable resources, not included in the categories defined above.
Renewable Energy Drivers
Renewable energy and capacity requirements are driven by statutory/regulatory standards and court decisions made within each state of the SPP footprint. A brief summary of these requirements are listed below in Table 2.1:
Kansas Statute (Capacity) Kansas Statutes 1256 - 66-1262 10% - 2011 - 2015 15% - 2016 - 2019 20% - 2020 Missouri Statute (Energy) R.S. Mo. § 393.1020 et seq. 2% - 2011 - 2013 5% - 2014 - 2017 10% - 2018 - 2020 15% - 2021
Multiple Court Order
United States District Court Order for Turk Settlement (SWEPCO)
400 MW of Capacity in SWEPCO Service
Territory (AR, LA, or TX)
Nebraska State Agency
Public Power District Board Action
New Mexico Statute
Renewable Energy Act ("REA"), §§ 62-16-1 et seq. NMSA 10% - Current 15% - 2015 20% - 2020 Oklahoma Statute (Capacity) 17 Okl. St. § 801.4 15% by 2015 Texas Statute (Capacity)
TEX UT. CODE ANN. § 39.904 United States District Court Order (SWEPCO)
5,256 MW - Current 5,880 MW – 2015
Load and Generation Review
The 2015 ITP10 Load and Generation Review focused on planned conventional generation and load additions in the next 10 years. Stakeholders were asked to identify:
existing conventional generation
new conventional generation
retired conventional generation
summer peak load
energy numbers
load factors
SPP Used the results of the 2015 ITP10 Load and Generation Review, as approved by the ESWG, to update the base economic model and used to update conventional generation information used in resource planning.
Project Cost Overview
Project costs utilized in the 2015 ITP10 were developed in accordance with the guidelines of the Project Cost Working Group (PCWG). Conceptual Estimates, shown in Table 2.2 below were prepared by SPP based on historical cost information in an SPP database.
(kV) ($ Per Mile) New Line ($ Per Mile) Rebuild Reconductor ($ Per Mile) Transformers Substation New 500 $1,518,968 $1,102,049 $854,593 $12,197,008 $18,468,127 345 $1,427,478 $1,031,114 $760,292 $9,056,700 $13,617,362 345 (Dbl Ckt) $2,130,236 $1,929,488 $1,352,792 N/A N/A 230 $926,905 $964,744 $676,396 $5,778,860 $5,609,010 161 $922,334 $902,646 $601,758 $3,859,619 $4,692,577 138 $917,762 $870,466 $549,352 $3,390,798 $3,528,559 115 $815,550 $733,861 $499,254 $2,663,963 $3,348,304 69 $763,056 $733,482 $422,990 $1,978,085 $2,468,852
Table 2.2: 2015 ITP10 Conceptual Project Cost Estimates
The Conceptual Project Costs were used for Pre-Phase I, Phase I, and Phase II of the DPP evaluation process to establish a -50 to +100 cost estimate for each project. Once the grouping with the highest net adjusted production cost (APC) benefit for each future was selected, independent SPP cost estimates were used in Phase III of the DPP process to establish the +30 cost for each project.
Project Solutions
For the 2015 ITP10, needs were not directly addressed with projects proposed by stakeholders as in the past due to the implementation of Order 1000. Under Order 1000, potential projects were submitted through the Detailed Project Proposal (DPP) process during a transmission-planning response window of 30 calendar days. Potential projects submitted outside this window were considered as Non DPP Submittals.
Future Selection Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Section 3:Future Selection
3.1: Uncertainty and Important Issues
Designing a transmission expansion plan to meet future needs is challenging because of the inability to accurately predict the policy environment, future load growth, fuel prices, and technological
development over an extended time period. To address these challenges, two distinct sets of assumptions were developed and studied as individual "Futures" for the 2015 ITP10.
3.2: Futures Descriptions
The 2015 ITP10 study was conducted based on a pair of futures. These futures consider evolving changes in technology, public policy and climate changes that may influence the transmission system and energy industry as a whole. By accounting for multiple future scenarios, SPP staff can assess what transmission needs arise for various uncertainties. In all futures, EPA environmental regulations, as known or anticipated at the time of the study, are incorporated.
Future 1: Business as Usual
This future includes all statutory/regulatory renewable mandates and goals as well as other energy or capacity as identified in the Policy Survey resulting in 11.5 GW of
renewable resources modeled in SPP, load growth projected by load serving entities including the High Priority Incremental Loads, and SPP member-identified generator retirement
projections. This future assumes no major changes to policies that are currently in place. Future 2: Decreased Base Load Capacity
This future considers factors that could drive a reduction in existing generation. It will include all
assumptions from the Business as Usual future with a decrease in existing base load generation capacity. This future will retire coal units less than 200 MW, reduce hydro capacity by 20% across the board, and utilize the Palmer Drought Severity Index for an average of August 1934 and August 2012 to simulate a reduction in existing capacity affected by drought conditions: 10% under moderate, 15% under severe, and 20% under extreme conditions. These target reductions were adjusted, as appropriate, based on locational and operational characteristics provided by the unit owners within each zone.
Business as Usual
Decreased Base Load
Section 4: Study Drivers
4.1: Introduction
Drivers for the 2015 ITP10 were discussed and developed through the stakeholder process in accordance with the 2015 ITP10 Scope. Stakeholder load, energy, generation, transmission, and market design inputs were carefully considered in determining the need for, and design of, future transmission upgrades.
4.2: Load & Energy Outlook
Peak and Off-Peak Load
Future electricity usage was forecasted by utilities in the SPP footprint and collected and reviewed by the ESWG. The highest usage, referred to as the system peak, usually occurs in the summer for SPP. The non-coincident peak load, the sum of each Load Serving Entity's peak load, was forecasted to be 60.8 GW for 2019 and 64.4 GW for 2024. The load totals in the 2015 ITP10 include 50/50 (expected) incremental loads from HPILS. Note that all demand figures shown in this section include the loads of the TOs within the SPP footprint as well as all other Load Serving Entities (LSE) within the SPP region. The IS was also included in the SPP region.
Once inputs such as the peak load values, annual energy values, hourly load curves, and hourly wind generation profiles were incorporated into the model, the economic modeling tool calculated the security-constrained unit commitment and security-constrained economic dispatch (SCUC/SCED) for each of the 8,784 hours in the year 2024. This process led to identifying the study's two reliability hours:
1) Summer peak hour –The summer hour with the highest load
2) Off-peak hour – The hour with highest ratio of wind output to load, in order to evaluate grid exposure to significant output from these resources.
The results indicated that the summer peak hour for 2024 would occur on July 19 at 5 p.m. and the high wind hour would occur on April 6 at 4 a.m.
Peak Load and Energy
The sum of energy used throughout a year, referred to as the net energy for load forecast, was estimated by SPP using annual load factor data provided and approved by the ESWG contacts. Annual net energy for load (including losses) was forecasted at 302 TWh for 2019 and 323 TWh for 2024. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 show the breakdown of the peak demand and annual energy totals. The coincident peak load, or the peak load for the entire SPP footprint, was forecasted at 57 GW for 2019 and 61 GW for 2024. Table 4.1 shows the forecasted monthly energy for 2024.
Study Drivers Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Load Type Standard Projected Load
HPILS Load Total Load Total Load
Non-Coincident Non-Coincident Non-Coincident Coincident
2019 Peak Load (GW) 59.6 1.2 60.8 57.0 2024 Peak Load (GW) 62.8 1.6 64.4 61.0
Table 4.1: Breakdown of peak load totals
Energy Type Standard Projected Energy
HPILS Energy Total Energy 2019 Annual Demand (TWh) 292.4 9.6 302.0 2024 Annual Demand (TWh) 310.5 12.8 323.3
Table 4.2: Breakdown of annual energy totals
Diverse Peak Demand Growth Rates
The projections included diverse peak load growth rates for each area. Table 4.3 lists the peak load growth rates, which includes incremental loads, for the key areas in the model. These forecasted values result in an average annual growth rate of 1.16% for SPP.
Table 4.3: Annual Peak Load Growth Rates for SPP OATT Transmission Owners 2019 - 2024 (%)
4.3: Policy Drivers
Emission price forecasts for SO2 and NOX for the study years were based upon Ventyx simulation ready
data, specifically, the 2012 Spring Reference Case released in May 2012. No emission price was utilized for CO2.
4.4: Market Structure
SPP transitioned to a Consolidated Balancing Authority (CBA) and a Day Ahead Market, referred to as SPP's Integrated Marketplace, in March 2014. This market structure is simulated in PROMOD IV and was an assumption utilized across all futures.
4.5: Congestion Issues
SPP identified 50 economic needs for the ITP10. Details of these congestion issues and the drivers for those congestion issues are listed in the Economic Needs Section of the Appendix.
Area SUNC MKEC OKGE WRI AEPW LES GRDA
Rate (%) 1.81 0.93 0.89 0.72 2.70 1.16 1.93
Area KCPL MIDW WFEC EMDE GMO CUS SPS
Rate (%) -0.14 1.37 1.08 0.80 -1.18 1.00 3.02
Area NPPD OPPD BEPC HCPD WAPA CBPC
Resource Expansion Plan Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Section 5:Resource Expansion Plan
5.1: Resource Plan Development
Identifying the resource outlook for each future is a key component of evaluating the transmission system for a 10-year horizon. Resources are added and retired frequently, and the SPP generation portfolio will not be exactly the same in 10 years as it is today. Resource expansion plans have been developed for the SPP region and neighboring regions for use in the study that include both conventional and renewable generation plans unique to each future.
After completion of the resource plan development, a decision was made to include the IS as part of the SPP system for purposes of this ITP10 analysis. A resource plan has been developed for the IS.
Although the IS resource plan was developed and approved separately from the remainder of the SPP resource plan, the resource plans are presented together in this section.
5.2: Siting Plan
The expected location of future generation was considered in areas with appropriate potential, based on input from and approval by the ESWG. The selected locations for new renewable and conventional generation will impact the power flow and will also drive the potential generation dispatch, congestion, thermal violations, and voltage violations.
5.3: Conventional Resource Plan
A conventional resource plan was developed for each future for the years 2019 and 2024.
Generator Review
An ITP10 generator review was conducted with stakeholders providing inputs for the analysis. This information includes maximum capacities, ownership, retirements, and other operating characteristics of all generators in SPP. The existing generation in the SPP region was updated with this information before development of the resource plan.
Conventional Resource Plan Approach
SPP Criteria 2.1.912 states that each load serving entity must maintain at least a 12% capacity margin, and this requirement is not expected to change with the implementation of the Integrated Marketplace. The resource plan was developed with this same requirement. Projected capacity margins were
calculated for each zone using existing generation and 2024 load projections. Each zone's capacity was assessed to ensure that it met the 12% minimum capacity margin requirement. Only 5% of wind
nameplate capacity was counted towards the capacity margin requirement due to the unpredictability of wind levels. ESWG approved a resource list of generic prototype generators using assumptions from the EIA Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) 2013. These prototype generators comprise representative
parameters of specific generation technologies and were utilized in resource planning simulations to determine the optimum generation mix to add to each zone. All new generation identified in the conventional resource plan were natural gas-fired, comprising a combination of combined cycle and
fast-start combustion turbine units. Locations of those generating units were vetted with the various zones and all efforts were made to include the Integrated Resource Plans filed by utilities in their respective state(s).
Generation Siting
After the required generation additions were determined for each zone, they were sited within the zone based on locations identified for the 2013 ITP20 and HPILS. The ESWG and other stakeholders provided input on potential locations for additional gas generation, along with the associated bus
information based on space requirements, proximity to gas pipelines, and existing electric transmission. The stakeholder feedback was incorporated and the overall siting plan was presented and approved by the ESWG.
SPP Capacity Additions by Unit Type by 2024 – Summary
Figure 5.1: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan
Figure 5.1 shows new generation additions by future for the SPP region. Future 1 has 15.3 GW of generation additions, and Future 2 has 21.0 GW of generation additions. More resource additions are needed in Future 2 due to the decreased base load capacity assumptions of this future. Both futures have resource additions comprised of combustion Turbine (CT) units and combined cycle (CC) units. The CC units are generally included because their moderately low capital cost and low operating costs make them the most economically viable technology for meeting energy needs in these futures. CC units were selected primarily in areas that were low in base load generation, and needed the additional energy to serve load. The CT units are generally included because of the very low capital costs associated with these units make them the most economically viable technology for meeting peak capacity requirements. CT units were selected primarily for areas that already have sufficient base load generation, and need the additional capacity to meet the 12% capacity margin requirement.
Resource Expansion Plan Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Future 1 Conventional Resource Plan for 2024 – SPP
Figure 5.2: Conventional Generation Additions for Future 1
Figure 5.2 shows locations and technology type of all new conventional generation added to Future 1.
Additional Sites o 14 Combined Cycle o 46 Combustion Turbine Additional Capacity o 5.6 GW Combined Cycle o 9.7 GW Combustion Turbine
Future 2 Conventional Resource Plan for 2024 – SPP
Figure 5.3: Conventional Generation Additions for Future 2
Figure 5.3 shows locations and technology type of all new conventional generation added to Future 2 for 2024. Additional Sites o 20 Combined Cycle o 62 Combustion Turbine Additional Capacity o 8.0 GW Combined Cycle o 13.0 GW Combustion Turbine
Conventional Resource Plan – External Regions
For Futures 1 and 2, resource plans were also developed for external regions. Each region was assessed to determine the capacity shortfall, and natural gas combined cycle and combustion turbine units were added so that each region met their own capacity margin. New units were interconnected to lines with high transfer capacity. Units were added in AECI, TVA, MISO, WAPA and Saskatchewan Power (SASK). SPP Staff contacted these entities to obtain resource plans for 2019 and 2024. The MISO
Resource Expansion Plan Southwest Power Pool, Inc. resource plan was based on the MISO Transmission Expansion Planning (MTEP13). SPP Staff
calculated the resources needed for Entergy and Cleco, as the MTEP13 did not include these regions in their calculations.
External Regions Capacity Additions by Unit Type by 2024 – Future 1
Figure 5.4: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan Future 1
External Regions Capacity Additions by Unit Type by 2024 – Future 2
Figure 5.5: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Conventional Plan Future 2
5.4: Renewable Resource Plan
A renewable resource plan was also developed for the years 2019 and 2024. This renewable resource plan applies to all futures.
Existing Wind
The 2015 Policy Survey was used to gather information on existing wind generation in the SPP system for inclusion in the models. Existing wind was defined as wind generation that is in-service or currently in development and expected to be in-service by the end of 2014. Members reported 7.0 GW of existing wind in the SPP region. Another 1.2 GW of existing wind generation is currently contracted for export
420 6,000 1,470 336 400 1,200 2,000 400 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
Cap ac ity A d d ition s (M W) CT CC 630 12,000 4,410 630 800 2,400 6,400 400 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Cap ac ity A d d ition s (M W) CT CC
with firm service and was modeled accordingly. The total existing wind reported by members that is located within the SPP region is 8.2 GW and was included in the models for all futures.
Additional Renewables
The 2015 Policy Survey was used to gather information on members' state renewable Mandates, Goals, and Other expected renewable additions with which to comply with by 2024. Additional wind
generation was added to the system when the existing wind was not sufficient to meet these Mandates, Goals, and Other13 expectations which include economic purchases. The total additional renewables
added in the SPP footprint by 2024 is 3.3 GW with allocations based on the policy survey assumptions. The table below shows wind and solar generation added in both futures:
* An economic and company goal number.
Table 5.1: SPP Renewable Generation Additions by Utility Siting of Additional Renewable Generation
Generic wind sites were selected by the ESWG based upon the locations utilized in previous ITP studies, as well as, NREL sites because of their potential for high wind output. The 3.3 GW of additional wind was apportioned among 18 wind sites in New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. The 20.5 MW of additional solar was apportioned among two solar sites to meet solar goals in Texas.
13 . "Other" is defined as utility company policy which promotes the use of a certain level (e.g. percentage) of renewable energy to serve load or any other renewable resources, not included in Mandates and Goals
2024 Renewable Capacity Additions
by Utility
Resource Expansion Plan Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Futures 1 and 2 Renewable Resource Plan for 2024 – SPP
Figure 5.6: Renewable Resource Plan for Futures 1 and 2
Figure 5.6 shows the location of all wind generation for the SPP region for Futures 1 and 2.
Wind Sites o 71 Existing o 21 New Wind Capacity o 8.2 GW Existing o 3.3 GW New o 11.5 GW Total
Additional information and results of the renewable resource plan are shown in Appendix Z, including zonal breakdown of wind, bus locations, and external region details.
Renewable Resource Plan – External Regions
Renewable resource plans were also developed for external regions for both futures. MISO provided SPP staff with assumptions regarding renewable generation additions, which includes 5.6 GW in Future 1 and 11.2 GW in Future 2 (including solar and wind) of renewables for MISO. These renewable units were sited at high voltage buses with high transfer capacities. The MISO renewable resource plan was based on the MTEP13, and do not include Energy and Cleco. AECI, TVA and SASK were not included in the renewable resource plan.
External Regions Capacity Additions by Unit Type by 2024 – Future 1
Figure 5.7: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Renewable Resource Plan Future 1
External Regions Capacity Additions by Unit Type by 2024 – Future 2
Figure 5.8: Capacity Additions by Unit Type – Renewable Resource Plan Future 2
5.5: Generator Outlet Facilities
Once the new resource plan was applied to the models, Generator Outlet Facilities (GOF) were
developed where existing transmission facilities were unable to dispatch 100% of the new resource plan. This would allow new generation to go through the Generation Interconnection process to determine what upgrades would be needed for interconnection. The GOF methodology was developed by staff and approved by the TWG and ESWG to ensure that facilities needed to dispatch the resource plans were not included in the Consolidated Portfolio or issued an NTC. GOF facilities were developed by staff and approved by the TWG for each future. These upgrades were then applied to the base model.
1,700 3,900 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
C ap ac it y A d d it io n s (M W) SOLAR WIND 3,400 7,800 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
C ap ac it y A d d it io n s (M W) SOLAR WIND
Resource Expansion Plan Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
GOF Upgrade Future
Build CKT2 from Pharaoh - Weleetka 138 kV Both
Build new 12.3 mile 138 kV line from Weleetka - Wetumka with an emergency rating of 162 MVA
F2 Tap SWPA Weleetka to GreasyCk. Reconductor 2.6 miles of new 2nd circuit between AEP
and SWPA Weleetka subs with 795ACSR. Limit is 800A Wtraps
F1 Uprate line from Weleetka - Weleetka from Weleetka Outlets idev. F2
Install second transformer at Wilkes (508840) Both
Reconductor Lydia - Welsh 345 kV line to an emergency rating of 1176 MVA Both Upgrade terminal equipment to increase rating of Oneta - OEV 345 kV CTK1 and CTK2 to an
emergency rating of 1885 MVA
Both Rebuild Woodward (514785) to Mooreland (520999) 138 kV to and emergency rating of
Both Reconductor McClain - Draper 345 kV line to an emergency rating of 1792 MVA F2 Tap Cimaron - Draper 345 kV line and move new McClain generation to high side of the
345/138/13.8 transformer. Rebuild McClain - West Moore 138 kV line to an emergency rating of 571 MVA
Upgrade terminal equipment to increase rating of Jones - Lubbock Sth 230 kV CTK 1 and 2 to an emergency rating of 635 MVA
F1 Build new 10 mile 230 kV line Holly - Wadsworth with an emergency rating of 727 MVA F2 Convert Hobbs – Hob and Plt - Andrews from 230 kV to 345kV operation. Install 1
345/230/13.2 and 1 345/115/13.8 transformers and build new 57.2 mile 345 kV line from Hob and Plt to Roadrunner
Both Build LP-Milwakee6 (522823) - LP-Southeast 6 (522861) LP-Holly 6 (522870) 230 kV line
with a rating of 727 MVA
F1 Upgrade terminal equipment to increase LP-Holly - Jones 230 kV line to an emergency
rating of 502 MVA
Both Upgrade LP-Southeast 6 (522861) LP-Holly 6 (522870) 230 kV line with a rating of 727 MVA Both Reconductor NA_Enrich - Tran-Sub 115 kV to an emergency rating of 304 MVA Both Upgrade wavetraps to increase rating of Lubbock_Sth - Wolfforth to an emergency rating
of 502 MVA
Build 2nd circuit from Heizer to Great Bend 230 kV Both
Install 345/115/13/8 transformer at new Finney TP 7 and build 6.44 mile 115 line to Rubart Both Reconductor St John - Seward 115 kV to an emergency rating of 239 Both Tap Hitchland (523097) - Finney (523853) new bus Finney TP 7 (523100) Both Tap Viola - Wichita 345 kV line and build new 15 mile 345 kV line to Gill. Move new
generation to high side of new Gill transformer. Also reconductor Gill - El Paso 138 kV line with an emergency rating of 478 MVA
Tap Neosho - Blackberry 345 kV and build 17 Mile double circuit 345 kV line to Franklin. Move new Franklin generation to highside of 345/161/13.8 transformers.
Both Move generators at Gill East 138 kV to Gill West 138 kV and Gill South 138 kV F1 Upgrade Neosho 138/69 kV transformer to a rating of 165 MVA F2 Reconductor Marmatan - Neosho 161 kV line to an emergency rating of 223 MVA F2 Reterminate Waco - Gill West 138 kV at Gill East 138 kV F1
Upgrade Bus Ties at Gill to an emergency rating of 650 MVA F1
Rebuild Joplin - Stateline CTK1 to match CTK2 rating F2
Build new BPS Sub - Hartbine 115kV line F2
Reconductor BPS Sub - Clatona 115kV and Clatona - Sheldon 115kV for an emergency rating of 212
F2 Upgrade wavetraps and switches to increase rating of Centenl - Paola to 334 MVA F2 Rebuild Sottowa - Paola to increase emergency rating to 334 MVA F2 Tap S3456 3 - S3458 3 345 kV line and build new 5.8 mile 345 kV line to S3740 3 F2 Reconductor S3740 - S3455 345 kV line to an emergency rating of 1792 F2 Reconductor 84th - Fletcher 115 kV and 84th - Bluff 115 kV to an emergency rating of 390
Add 3rd OCE 7 - Oneta 345 kV CTK Both
Upgrade transformers at NM#4_1 F2
Upgrade transformers at OK6_#2 (560722) Both
Analysis Methodology Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Section 6: Analysis Methodology
6.1: Analytical Approaches
SPP transmission system performance was assessed from different perspectives designed to identify transmission expansion projects necessary to accomplish the reliability, policy, and economic objectives of the SPP RTO. The analysis ensured that the transmission expansion portfolio would:
Avoid exposure to Category A (system intact) and B (single contingency) SPP standard criteria violations during the operation of the system under high stresses;
Facilitate the use of renewable energy sources as required by policy mandates and goals; and
Reduce congestion and increase opportunities for competition within the SPP Integrated Marketplace.
Priority was given to the relief of all of the potential reliability violations seen during two unique system stressing hours (summer peak, light load) and to meet all state renewable policy mandates and goals. The relief of annual congestion and reduction in market prices were pursued where cost-justified. A transmission expansion project was considered cost-justified when it yielded a one-year benefit-to-cost ratio of at least 0.9. In some cases, there was overlap among these priorities. For example, a project may relieve potential reliability violations and reduce annual congestion in a cost-justified manner. This approach was applied to both ITP futures.
SCUC & SCED Analysis for multiple futures
An assessment was conducted to develop a list of constraints for use in the SCUC & SCED analysis. Elements that, under contingency, limit the incremental transfer of power throughout the system were identified, reviewed, and approved by the TWG. Revisions to the constraint definition studies included modification of the contingency definition based upon terminal equipment, normal and emergency rating changes, and removal of invalid contingencies from the constraint definition.
The constraint list included normal and emergency ratings and was limited to the following types of issues:
System Intact and N-1 situations14
Existing common right-of way and tower contingencies for 100+ kV facilities15
Thermal loading and voltage stability interfaces
Contingencies of 100+ kV voltages transmission lines
Contingencies of transformers with a 100+ kV voltage winding
Monitored facilities of 100+kV voltages only
Neighboring areas were also analyzed for additional constraints to be added.
N-1 criterion describes the impact to the system if one element in the system fails or goes out of service
The current NERC Standard TPL-001-0.1 includes outages of any two circuits of a multiple circuit tower line within Category C, and the loss of all transmission lines on a common right-of-way within category D. NERC Standard TPL-001-4 has replaced this standard and includes such outages in Planning event P7 and Table 1 – Steady State & Stability Performance Extreme Events.
All system needs were identified through the use of a SCUC & SCED simulation that accounted for 8,784 hours representing each hour of the year 2024. AC models were developed from two unique system stressing hours of this simulation to determine reliability thermal and voltage needs.
6.2: Projecting Congestion & Market Prices
Annual Conditions Reviewed by the ESWG
Congestion was assessed on an annual basis for each future considering many variables. Some of these variables change on an hourly basis, such as load demand, wind generation, forced outages of generating plants, and maintenance outages of generating plants. A total of 8,784 hours were evaluated for the year 2024.
Relevant congestion of each constraint was identified through two methods:
The number of hours congested, and the average shadow price16 associated with the
congestion for all binding hours.
These two numbers were multiplied together to compute an average congestion cost across all hours of the single year.
This average congestion cost was used to rank the severity of the congestion for each constraint.
Identification of Additional Constraints
Staff defined the initial list of constraints from the 2013 NERC Book of Flowgates for the SPP, IS, and neighboring regions. Additional constraints were incorporated that would protect facilities from
overloads under a number of system conditions. These additional constraints facilitated the capture of both market congestion and economic benefit in expectation of transmission expansion that is not anticipated by the NERC Book of Flowgates.
16The "Shadow Price" refers to the savings in congestion costs if the constraint limit in question were increased by 1 MW.
NERC Book of Flowgates Future Constraints
Analysis Methodology Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
6.3: Projecting Potential Criteria Violations
Reliability Needs
Two hours that represent situations uniquely stressing the grid were identified to perform a reliability assessment of the System.
Summer peak (July 19, 5pm) – highest coincident load during summer months
Light load (April 6, 4am) – highest ratio of wind output to coincident load
AC models were developed for each of the two hours in each future. An N-1 contingency scan was performed for the SPP, IS, and Tier 1 footprints to determine thermal and voltage criteria violations, defined as system reliability needs.
6.4: Meeting Policy Requirements
For policy requirements, SPP focused on satisfying statutory/regulatory renewable mandates and goals within a future through use of renewable generation as defined by the SPP Stakeholders through the 2015 Policy Survey. Each mandate or goal can be defined as a capacity or energy requirement. The primary generation technology required to meet these renewable standards, as provided by the stakeholders, was wind generation. A copy of the survey results can be found in the ESWG meeting materials.17
Renewable capacity requirements were met with installation of new generating capacity. Renewable energy requirements were analyzed through simulation of the study year. Renewable generation may experience the effects of congestion and be curtailed by the SCED. Shortfalls in the achievement of the renewable requirements of each future due to this curtailment were identified. Companies within each state that experienced an annual renewable energy output less than required were identified as having a policy need.18
6.5: Utilization of Past Studies & Stakeholder Expertise for Solutions
SPP shared potential violations with the stakeholders and interested parties for review. The 2015 ITP10 followed the process added to the SPP Tariff in compliance with FERC Order 1000. Potential solutions to the transmission needs identified by SPP were provided through the DPP process. SPP received approximately 1179 solutions. SPP also collected and analyzed other proposed solutions previously identified in past Planning Studies.19 All of these potential solutions were evaluated for their own merits.
6.6: Treatment of Individual Projects & Groupings
After assessment of the needs, SPP investigated mitigation of the needs through individual projects by performing the following actions:
Tested to ensure the project met the identified need.
17SPP Documents > Org Group Documents > ESWG > ESWG Meeting Materials
18 This represents a change from previous ITP studies in which shortfalls in renewable energy output were evaluated on an individual resource-by-resource basis, in order to identify policy requirements.
19 ITP Near-Term, ITP10, ITP20, Transmission Service Studies, Generation Interconnection Studies, High Priority Studies, Coordinated System Planning Studies.
Measured the impact of the projects upon similar constraints and overloads.
Identified projects with synergy and that duplicated the value captured by another project.
Combined reliability, policy, and economic analysis to produce a transmission expansion portfolio of projects.
6.7: Determining Recommended Portfolio
Individual projects within the recommended portfolio provided reliability, economic, and policy benefits within the Future 1. Projects meeting the performance criteria for Future 1 and Future 2, outlined in Table 6.1, were included in the recommended portfolio.
Project Type Future 1 Performance Future 2 Performance
F1 Reliability Mitigate a thermal or
voltage violation N/A
F2 Reliability Mitigate 90% thermal
or 0.92 pu voltage limit
Mitigate thermal or voltage violation
F1 Policy Meet a policy need N/A
F2 Policy N/A N/A
F1 Economic 1-year B/C ≥ 0.9 N/A
F2 Economic 1-year B/C ≥ 0.7 1-year B/C ≥ 0.9
Table 6.1: Consolidation Criteria
Projects mitigating more than one type of need were evaluated against multiple performance criteria. Only one set of criteria is required to be met for a project to be included in the recommended portfolio. Project Staging
Project staging is the process by which appropriate need dates for new projects are established. Projects in the 2015 ITP10 were staged based on need and/or performance in the staging year, 2019, when compared to the study year, 2024. The result of this analysis is an interpolated need date for each project of the recommended portfolio, between or equal to the study or staging year. For a full description of the staging process see Staging.
6.8: Measuring Economic Value
Monetized metrics are used to measure the value of and facilitate better understanding of the financial impacts of proposed projects. The ESWG chose ten metrics to analyze the recommended portfolio in each Future. While APC benefits were calculated for numerous projects and the final portfolio, the other metrics were calculated only for the consolidated portfolio. For a full description of the benefit metrics see Section 16:.
Seams Coordination Southwest Power Pool, Inc.
Section 7:Seams Coordination
7.1: ITP Seams Coordination Enhancements
SPP continues to enhance and refine coordination with neighbors during SPP's regional planning
studies, including the ITP10. Enhanced coordination's goal is to better ensure that the planning along the SPP seams is as robust as the transmission planning in the middle of the SPP footprint. To accomplish this, SPP coordinated with its neighbors at every point along the planning process and on the same schedule as SPP staff coordinates with SPP stakeholders. Two 2015 ITP10 seams-planning studies provided additional coordination opportunities and were leveraged in the 2015 ITP10 assessment.
7.2: Coordination Activities
The ITP10 seams coordination focused on SPP's Tier 1 neighbors20. Previous sections of this report
discuss coordination with SPP's Tier 1 neighbors as it pertains to each specific section. The subsections below provide additional information on that coordination.
Model Development & Resource Plan
SPP used the Multi-regional Modeling Working Group (MMWG) models as a starting point for its model development. SPP also provided its Tier 1 neighbors with an opportunity to review and provide edits to the ITP10 model. AECI and MISO each provided modeling feedback for their respective footprints. This review was similar to those performed by SPP stakeholders, as the Tier 1 neighbors reviewed load, generation, topology, and other modeling inputs. SPP's neighbors also provided feedback on the resource plan SPP used to model the retirements and generation expansion for 2024 in the ITP10. Since SPP and MISO share their regional planning models, SPP was able to utilize the resource
expansion plan MISO used in the MTEP 2013. MISO's expansion plan was supplemented by
incorporating additional resources, as needed, for Entergy and Cleco, which were not included in the MTEP 2013.
Congestion Assessment
While SPP did provide Tier 1 neighbors with its identified transmission needs to determine whether everyone could coordinate on a joint transmission solution. SPP met several times with AECI to discuss transmission needs close to the AECI seam.21 SPP also shared its transmission-needs list with MISO.
The needs along the seam closely aligned with the transmission needs identified in the SPP-MISO Coordinated System Plan Study discussed below.
Coordination with Ongoing Seams Assessments
Two 2015 ITP10 seams studies are still ongoing. The first is the SPP-AECI Joint Coordinated System Plan Study (AECI Study). The AECI Study focused on identifying and addressing potential reliability needs along the SPP-AECI seam, on either the SPP or AECI system. The AECI Study identified needs closely aligned with those in the ITP10 and the ITPNT, which helped SPP staff coordinate the two
20 Note MISO coordinated for those SPP Tier 1 neighbors that are MISO members.
21 These meetings included face-to-face meetings and teleconferences. AECI came to SPP's office in Little Rock for the specific purpose of discussing potential seams projects in the ITP10.


text:
Just due to the fact he can not see your poker experience, will not imply he can not go through you like a ebook! A lot of poker authors claim that bodily tells are a big component of the sport of poker, and that by playing on the web poker above the Net you're lacking crucial information on the other players. Mike Caro, for case in point, would complain that you couldn't see the other players' posture, their respiratory charge, how typically they blink, apparent indications of a quickening pulse or adrenaline buildup. All of this is real: but in truth physical tells are rarely decisive even in a stay sport. Usually, your possess card strength and your opponent's betting styles will information your determination-generating. It really is only on the margins that this sort of evident actual physical tells will affect your betting choices.
There are also World wide web poker tells that are almost as reliable as the actual physical tells. When you happen to be actively playing online poker, your go through your opponent primarily based on their betting designs — information gleaned by watching each and every hand they play. You need to observe when these styles modify in a distinct hand, and what that would suggest. Here are some of the on the internet poker tells to watch out for when playing on the Web:
The insta-call – When your opponent is capable to get in touch with quickly, that implies he isn't going to have significantly to consider about. You can see this before or soon after the flop. If a player instantly calls along just before the flop, that signifies he needs to enter the pot with some kind of speculative hand. It also means that he failed to give any severe thought to elevating. What varieties of hand will insta-get in touch with prior to the flop? Normally drawing fingers, like suited connectors or little pairs. Big playing cards (like AK) or the bigger pairs would have at least considered a elevate. By insta-contacting ahead of the flop, your opponent has served you slender down his likely keeping. What about an insta-phone on the flop? What variety of hand would an opponent not even think of folding or elevating with? This is most typically a draw, and at times a lesser made hand (this sort of as 2nd or 3rd pair). Your opponent is aware that he is ready to shell out the price getting charged to remain in the pot, but does not want to chance a raising war. Notice that not all calls on the flop will be with a draw or a weak made hand, but an insta-call normally will be — specifically in a multi-way pot.
The delayed reaction – On the other stop of the spectrum, if your opponent takes an unusually prolonged time to act on his hand, he is truly unsure of what to do. Unless of course you have genuinely place him in a tough spot (say, for all his chips), this typically does NOT indicate he's not sure of what to do simply because he's keeping a marginal hand. Normally the excessive hold off is simply because he is created an unexpectedly strong hand. He's pondering how to get maximum price out of it. An uncommon delay (and it may possibly only be for a pair of seconds) is not often a good indicator. An unusually lengthy delay adopted by a elevate is a quite poor indicator! Note that you should not confuse an unusually prolonged hold off with the scenario in which an opponent is just consistently slow to act. Some gamers, generally the better ones, are quite deliberate about a pot they are significantly contesting. It may be unusual and unusual in the Web poker entire world to commit far more than two seconds prior to performing, but some sensible gamers will get their time. The tell you are looking for is when a player's steps are delayed for an uncommon duration of time. This is when you require to be careful!
Providing unsolicited suggestions – There is no surer indicator of an inexperienced, scarcely qualified player than 1 who delivers unsolicited tips on how to play poker. Consider: why would an seasoned, difficult poker player supply Excellent tips to his opponents? Presumably his goal is to get the sport – not to display off what a successful poker participant he is. If you really have good advice to supply, maintain it to yourself. You do not want to teach your significantly less-skillful opponents!
poker88 Actively playing hand appropriate after a undesirable beat – This is typically a positive indication of tilt. A strong, tight player need to be selective in the playing cards he performs. What are the odds that a player who just suffered a particularly poor defeat genuinely has a playable hand the really following deal? Unless he is in position or enjoying out of the blinds, he is probably just taking part in indignant and on tilt. He is liable to enjoy foolishly aggressive, making an attempt to acquire again the funds he missing at any expense. Exploit this weakness.
Demonstrating an uncalled hand that went to the flop – One more signal of a gravely inexperienced poker player. It is virtually always a blunder to give information about how you engage in a hand. An intense participant may well have a situation for displaying an uncalled hand that Failed to see a flop (to demonstrate how allegedly "limited" they are). But exhibiting a hand which is absent to the flop when you don't have to is just giving the other gamers ammunition (data) they can use from you. It's a signal of inexperience, or some form of want for validation at the table.
Massively overbetting or underbetting the pot – This is one of the most reliable on the internet tells that you normally is not going to get in live play. A enormous overbet or underbet of the pot in Live perform frequently means tiny a lot more than that your opponent dropped track of the pot dimension. When taking part in poker online, nonetheless, a massive overbet or underbet often tells you something about your opponent's hand. It truly is diverse amongst players: at times an overbet is a sign of weak point (e.g. a flush or straight draw) a lot more frequently, it truly is a sign of fantastic strength (e.g. jamming the pot on the river with a lock hand). You require to observe your opponent to see what this tell implies by trying to keep notes on their enjoy. Whether they know it or not, each participant has specified betting patterns that will explain to you all you need to have to know about their hand. When you see these patterns, you may be ready to read through correct through his poker face… even in online poker over the Net.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I've spent some time now searching for the right drum teacher. It's hard finding someone you want to pay to spend an hour with teaching you music. I have a very wide musical inter...
All reviews seem positive
This experienced music instructor teaches everything from guitars to drums and also can teach reading, improvisation and ear training.
From family friendly trips with kid friendly activities to local plumbers lawyers, spas, and contractors. Judy's Book has millions of listings and reviews for the best and not so great. Whether you're looking for a specific business or just trying to discover great places we make it easy. We're a family oriented site focusing on bringing trusted reviews and recommendations to moms and others. Green and Sustainable places are becoming more relevant to Judy's Book users, have a favorite place? Write a review and tell users why it's Green!


text:
HardwareAspire ET-S £ 12.00
HardwareCotton Bacon V2.0 £ 3.99
E-liquidsBannga £ 14.99
Rise eLiquid by Ruthless Vapor contains a tropical fruit pairing of Mangoes and Lychees with a handful of smooth menthol.
Our on-line store offers a wide selection of e-liquids and vaping related products.
To buy online products at My Vape Zone store you must be at least 18 years old and be legally able to purchase products in UK.
E-liquidsBerry Furry £ 5.00
E-liquidsBanana Milkshake (3 Bottles) £ 9.99
E-liquidsHazelnut Coffee E-Liquid (Atom Range) £ 2.50
E-liquidsChubby Juice E-liquid OPAL BURST £ 20.00
E-liquidsChubby Juice E-liquid Raspberry Pancake Toss £ 25.00
E-liquidsChubby Juice E-liquid THE PIE MAN £ 25.00


text:
Jupiter's DuBois Park remains under 'no swimming' advisory; tests show water quality improved but still at issue
A "No Swimming" advisory will remain in effect for Dubois Park after tests found still found high levels of bacterial in the water, the Palm Beach County Health Department said.
The advisory initially, posted Tuesday, said marine water tested at 280 parts per 100 milliliters for the bacteria enterococci, which can cause clinical infections in humans. That's far above the safe level of 105 parts, said.
Thursday's testing showed that the number of bacterial colonies had dropped to 110 parts, and the advisory will remain in effect until samples collected are in the acceptable range, the health department said.
The area affected is the small lagoon just of the Jupiter Inlet in the park. The ocean beach tested in the good range. Causes for the elevated bacterial levels are unknown but generally are associated with wildlife or runoff following heavy rains, the health department said.


text:
Consumer drug overview and uses for the medication Valium (Diazepam Tablets).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Slideshow.
round, blue, imprinted with 10, DAN 5620.
2018 by RxList Inc. RxList does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Tips to Fast Stress Relief.
What happens if I overdose?
round, orange, imprinted with MYLAN 345.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Find patient medical information for Valium Injection on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.
Repeated Seizures with Unconsciousness Between Episodes.
If giving this medication into a vein, inject it slowly into a large vein. Do not inject this medication into an artery or into the skin. The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Giving the medication too fast into a vein can cause serious side effects.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at.
See also Warning section.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects.
Physician reviewed Valium (injection) patient information - includes Valium description, dosage and directions.
Do not drink alcohol shortly after receiving diazepam injection. Dangerous side effects or death could occur.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives ; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Subscribe to free newsletters.
Diazepam injection is usually given as a single dose just before a surgery or medical procedure.
Consumer information about the medication DIAZEPAM - INJECTION (Valium), includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage.
How would you like a stronger immune system or better sleep? Action between the sheets can help you get all of this and more.
Selected from data included with permission and ed by First Databank, Inc. This ed material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., complete blood count, liver function tests) may be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects.
Diazepam (Valium) is among the most successful drugs from the.. Hypnotic uses typically require no more than 30 mg orally before sleep.
Naturally, these drugs focused on general sedation of behavior and agitation rather than addressing the underlying molecular causes. Without specific drugs or an identified molecular mechanism, the field of psychiatry focused on Freudian psychoanalysis rather than drugs associated with unwanted effects. Overdoses resulted in heavy sedation, inhibition of motor function, cognitive delays, comas, respiratory failure, and sometimes death. Prior to the benzodiazepines, the world was not entirely without treatments to anxiety.


text:
Join True Texas Project in welcoming a panel of legislative experts this fall as we prepare for the 88th Legislative Session in Texas! We will take a look at the Republican Party of Texas' platform and planks, elected representatives to support and/or watch out for, and finally, the bills being put forward that we need to be aware of. Come and hear from MassResistance, Texas Right to Life, Texans for Vaccine Choice, and Texas Gun Rights and see what you need to put on your radar for the next session!
True Texas Project
Panelists: Tracy Shannon (MR), Ashley Leenerts (TRTL),
Angie Lemmons (TFVC), and Bethany Young (TXGR)
Date: Tuesday, November 8th
Location: Hilton Garden Inn – College Station
3081 University Dr. E Bryan, TX
5:30pm – Prayer meeting
5:45pm – $5 pizza (while supplies last)
6:30-8:00pm – meeting
No dues. No fees. No memberships. No RSVPs
About Tracy Shannon:
Tracy Shannon is the mother of 4 blessings and a grandmother. She has studied what she calls the "neo-morality movement" for 20 years. Tracy's family was profoundly impacted by the transgender movement many years ago, and that moved Tracy from the sidelines (merely protecting her own children from being inducted into "new" sexual mores) and onto the battlefront in the culture wars.
Tracy has taken on Drag Queen Story Hours in Texas and across the country. She exposed how libraries determined to introduce children to adult entertainers and transsexuals disregarded their own policies allowing sex offenders to be held out as role models to young children in taxpayer-funded public libraries. As the Texas Director for MassResistance, Tracy led Texas parents in pushing back against the debauched drag queen program for children as young as four. She has also contributed to research of the programs across the nation and helped parents in several states push back against this programming. Tracy has studied the trajectory of the transgender movement and transgender medicine for 20 years. She has observed a rise in children transitioning and a relaxing of the already loose and unsound "standards' in transgender medicine. Tracy says, "The origins of sex change started with unethical research on children decades ago and has come full circle to the unethical treatment of minors with puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones." Tracy had been a guest on American Family Radio and conservative media where she discusses the need for safeguarding children and the latest threats to traditional family values. Her personal experiences with the transgender issue as well as her investigative work has been published in conservative and Christian publications in the United States as well as abroad.
About Ashley Leenerts:
Ashley Leenerts grew up believing that all life was sacred, but after graduating college in 2019 she became increasingly aware of the enormous injustice preborn babies and pregnant women in our nation face. The real eye opening moment for her was when one of her little sisters faced an unexpected pregnancy. She was out of touch with our family, but needed tangible assistance, and our local pregnancy resource center was there for her and my sweet nephew. She has no doubt the center's support is one of the main reasons her sister chose Life. After this experience Ashley began volunteering at her local pregnancy resource center and wanted to make her life's work standing for innocent human Life, as this center's volunteers had for her nephew and sister. In the fall of 2020 Ashley joined Texas Right to Life as a legislative associate and has since been serving with the legislative team to advocate for impactful life-saving legislation at the Texas capitol and across the state through the Sanctuary City for the Unborn movement.
About Angie Lemmons:
A passionate advocate for medical freedom, Angie believes strongly that each person must take an active role in their own health. In her youth she learned that standard medical protocol is not always the right path when a prescribed medicine caused her to have a debilitating condition lasting several years. Many hours of research opened her eyes to the risks of vaccines, and she became a staunch believer in true informed consent. Angie began volunteering with TFVC in 2018, coordinating the creation of new printed materials to provide vaccine facts to the public. She also volunteered as an Outreach Coordinator and currently serves on the TFVC Board of Directors. Angie is dedicated to informing Texas citizens, especially new moms, about vaccine choice and health freedom. She and her husband Billy live in the San Antonio area and have three daughters.
About Bethany Young:
After working for conservative causes in D.C., Bethany Young moved to Texas to fight the swamp monsters in Austin.
After joining TXGR as Legislative Director in 2020, Bethany has been working in the trenches of the Texas Capitol fighting to defend and restore every law-abiding Texans' right to keep and bear arms.
Notably, Bethany was instrumental in mobilizing TXGR members and supporters from across the state to ensure the passage of Constitutional Carry in 2021.
Bethany lives in Kyle, Texas with her husband Barrett and their dogs Saxon and Thatcher and cats Cersei and Maddox.
Bethany's favorite firearms are the Barrett M107 .50 caliber rifle and her Colt Python


text:
SwissVPN Review - Is It Swiss Enough To Be A Quality VPN?
Tim is the founder of Fastest VPN Guide. He comes from a world of corporate IT security and network management and knows Swissvpn Username And Password a thing or two about what makes VPNs tick. Cybersecurity expert by day, writer on all things VPN by night, that's Tim. Swissvpn Username And Password, Shild Vpn Bom, Vpn Pour Avoir Une Ip Francaise, Vpn Tutorial Point Thanks for sharing! Track and Locate kid's lost Android phone in a jiffy Hotspot Shield is a very popular service boasting over 650 million users worldwide. This service will suit you if you are looking to access geo-restricted Swissvpn Username And Password content from anywhere in the world. To date, we've bought and used over 78 VPN services and Swissvpn Username And Password published 1,600+ user-reviews. Find safe, well-performing VPNs below: swissvpn.net. swissvpn.net. The user name or password is incorrect. IDN sites, the password manager would not fill in username and password details properly. Saving your username and password in Viscosity or Tunnelblick is as simple as checking the option to Save in Keychain for your username and password when connecting to the server. You will likely have to do this once for each server that you wish to connect to, but after it has been done once you should not have to do it a second time. Feb 05, 2014 · This tells the client to use the remote OpenVPN server at IP address 10.56.100.53, use LZO compression, a tunnel interface, authenticate with username / password and check if the certificate of the server matches. There are many difference (GUI) clients for OpenVPN but this is just a quick method to connect. If everything went ok you'll see this:
The PortableApps.com Platform is a full-featured portable software menu, backup utility, app store, automatic updater Select To Download Files Qbittorrent and application management system that ties all your portable apps together and lets you build your own custom portable app suite.
SwissVPN, a subsidiary of Swiss telecommunications company Monzoon Networks AG, was one of the first VPN suppliers in the world when they launched their VPN service in early 2000.Using their service, users can connect to SwissVPN's VPN servers in Zurich, Switzerland and use them to access the internet anonymously behind the safety of a Swiss IP address. SwissVPN Review - VPN Service Providers Connect anytime from anywhere for around $10 a month. SwissVPN only supports PPTP technology so if you're looking for OpenVPN or L2TP/IPSec you will want to consider other services. Swiss VPN supports Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. It also supports iPhones and Android phones. Free VPN trial: – SwissVPN does not offer a free trial
SwissVPN bruger OpenVPN, PPTP, SSTP and L2TP/IPSec, med 128-bit og 168-bit kryptering. SwissVPN tilbyder også ekstra beskyttelse med et firewall valg. Den IP adresse som tildeles som standard er dog en offentlig IP adresse, og brugere kan mod et ekstra gebyr få tildelt en statisk schweizisk IP adresse. Der er ingen trafikbegrænsninger på
SwissVPN мнения на експерти и реални потребители. Разберете какво мислят всекиневните потребители и нашите експерти за SwissVPN след тестване SwissVPN Review - VPNReviewz - Is SwissVPN The Best Swiss Aug 19, 2015


text:
Praise And Blame For the Roe Decision
Three people share one or the other.
Three people share one or the other.
Modern presidents usually get reelected.
Well, of a sort.
The country dodged a bullet.
Brexit foretold Trump. Will it be the same this year?
For generations we were told the Palestinians had to be a part of any Mideast peace deal. It wasn't true at all.
The civil service has become radicalized. That must change.
The president is surprisingly strong with these voters.


text:
Woman 5'x4' w/Name or Text YouCustomizeIt Custom Character Area Rug, Camera Assembly Genuine Honda 39530-T3L-A01 Rearview Wide. Essential Formal Shirt For Mens. Fuse Lenses Non-Polarized Replacement Lenses for Versace 4044-B. Notice Please Use HandSanitizer and Wear A Face Covering If You are Experiencing Flu Like Symptoms Before Proceeding Indoor Outdoor Unique Novelty Aluminum Metal Sign 18x24. Essential Formal Shirt For Mens, IETFULL Easter Garden Flag Easter Yard Flags for Outside 12x18 Double Burlap Vertical Sided Easter Yard Flag for Outdoor Easter Decoration. Steel 0.187 OD Pack of 10 Female 0.75 Length, Zinc Plated 2-56 Screw Size Lyn-Tron, Essential Formal Shirt For Mens. Jewels By Lux Sterling Silver Stackable Expressions Citrine Ring, 14k Yellow Gold Round Endless Hoop Earrings L-26 mm, W-26 mm for Women. Essential Formal Shirt For Mens, Broonel Midnight Black Rechargeable Fine Point Digital Stylus Compatible with The TECLAST X4 11.6 Inch 2 in 1 Tablet PC, 10models USB Charging Port Board Flex Cable Connector Parts for Xiaomi 2A 3 4 5 5S Plus for Xiaomi Note Tablet MFor ipad 1/2 Davitu Electrical Equipments Supplies Color: for Xiaomi 3-WCDMA, Essential Formal Shirt For Mens. GEEK TEEZ Uncle Ben Dies Episode Opener Mens Hoodie.
Our wide selection is elegible for free shipping and free returns, ★ Unique Graduation/New-year/Christening/ baptism/birthday Gifts ★ Handmade Piece is more meaningful, wears quite well and is easy to Wash. It can protect your feet from sharp objects. Double sided print- textured poly faux linen material with concealed zipper, The red washer is made of food grade silicone. Nordic Pure 13x25x1 MERV 11 Pleated AC Furnace Air Filters 4 Pack - -, The front team logo is raised embroidery and the back closure is accompanied by a tag with the team's wordmark, network attached storage (NAS) devices. Sofa zip pillow case stable size, Suitable for any activity such as work. Buy Indica Plateau Yeet Sleep Repeat Unisex Adult Hoodie and other Fashion Hoodies & Sweatshirts at. Each Proud GrandParent of a Marine U. -All item quality can be guaranteed. Bonyak Jewelry 18 Inch Rhodium Plated Necklace w/ 6mm Green May Birth Month Stone Beads and Saint Anastasia Charm: Clothing, Foldable:It is easy to pack up to put in your bag when you don't need it in shade. 4" x 1-3/16"1/4", a division of Emerson Industrial Automation. Length: 55cm 40(6-7 Years) – Chest: 6cm, Your vehicle must be equipped with keyless entry, whether it is sales promotion or a grand opening. providing an extra layer of safety in households with children, which is the basis for us to provide you with a variety of products, Our hair vines are all beautifully presented in a silver organza bag, I attached the jawbone (not sure what animal)to a silver colored chain. If your actual shipping is less than the quoted amount, I have given measurements with an allowance for movement and fit. hand wired together using non tarnish wire, -Size of the picture is 20″ X 14″ Inches with a 30mm wide moulding around the picture, The wooden box is in great used condition with some scratches and stains inside. Shop discount online degree Oakland University framing store campus picture for hundreds of university school campus photo custom diploma frames. BRAND NEW "LIMITED EDITION CLUB AMERICA 13 CHAMPIONSHIP" 3 IN 1 GAMES CASINO WITH FAUX LEATHER CASE. Essential Formal Shirt For Mens. • Choice of color envelopes (see color chart in photos). Hand-painted mailbox is a unique product with a personalised design to delight you. Realtree and minky baby blanket approximately 29 inches X 35 inches. **If you need your item(s) made faster than the production times listed, via PayPal by using PayPal as guest. )(can be adjusted ) A nice bracelet could be used as a bridesmaid gift. PLEASE MONITOR CHILDREN WHEN WEARING OR AROUND THIS. Antique 1847 ROGERS Bros 1897 BERKSHIRE Round Bowl Soup Spoon (Bouillon) 5 5/8. Features KAI model 5220 Left Handed dressmaking style shears with a 3 3/8 cutting length, they can also be used as wedding decorations and birthday decorations, spiral design and can be made in a variety of colors, The boy Janker is very elaborate. until you and your spouse ride off into your happily ever after. Get a Cap Buckle and keep your cap on your strap. Very compact - just 2-7/8" long - easy to store and carry. OE Replacement Differential Cover, Only recommended for serious installers. dynamically displaying tool's operating data and working condition. Buy SparkFun Load Cell Amplifier - HX711: Amplifiers - ✓ FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. Fuzion SUV All-Season Radial Tire - 265/70R16 112T: Automotive. This passport holder cover can help you keep organized and store your important items and also ensure a nice appearance. Package Included:1 x Big Multi Media Knob Cover, 4GHz Slbuk 3 M CPU Socket 988: Computers & Accessories, Made with a premium fabric top to prevent damage to cards during game play for tabletop gamers. Laser Cut White Acrylic Circles 25mm to 100cm Diameter Packs of 10 (30mm): Kitchen & Home. since each glaze is handmade for 3 hrs at 3600 degrees with low succeed rate. Only moving on tile or hardwood floors (not recommended for use in the carpet), Since the size above is measured by hand. What kid doesn't love to play ball, 29 ounces with batteries; measures 4 x 2 inches, Only supports Corsair AX Series AX1200 AX860 AX850 AX760 AX750, video will be save to memory card, Essential Formal Shirt For Mens.
Flat No 503, Royal Castle Apts,
Road No 1, Castle Hills
Humayun Nagar,
Hyderabad - 500057
Phone number:
+91-897 888 2555
+91-995 951 0657
+91-908 333 3715


text:
Near the old town… next to a park… quiet…
|33.97209, 51.43971
Right on the west bank of the Fraser River on the east end of McBride. Large parking lot, ample space for any sized vehicle. 3 Pit toilets, gazebo with picnic tables, grassy area for leashed pets. Some highway noise, but due to the reduced speed limit entering town the noise isn't significant. Lots of signs with information about the area. I looked far and wide and could not see any signs indicating no overnight parking/camping.
|Gaglardi Park
|53.30320, -120.16237
GPS is on the fritz, actual location is a bit east of the pin. Right on the Fraser River, can't miss it
|Gaglardi Park
|53.30113, -120.16447
The owners are very sweet and their shop and biltong + meat is amazing, and they accommodated us last minute at 7pm.
The shower is per donkey. The ablutions looked nice and new, but unfortunately had a bit of a gecko plague. Little poops everywhere and there were even multiple gecko under the rim of the toilet, and they fell in when we flushed / crawled back under (we couldn't get them out). So the toilet was fairly unusable.
You are close to the road so there is traffic noise, and you are visible from the road. Only a low fence in between (so make sure you are comfortable enough with that).
Now 150 ppn
|Biltong plaas (Kuibis Restaurant)
|-26.61990, 16.74402
I street parked one night on E Lincoln Way by the marina parking lot. Did not see any "no" signs and was not bothered all night. Nice place to wakeup to by the little water area where you can swim. Bathrooms about a 2 minute walk away. Would stay again.
|Sparks Marina street parking
|39.53702, -119.73014
Small gate is closed, we went to the next gate which has a curvy road sign on it. There is a farmers house at the end of the road, went to say hi but he doesn't speak english. And camped in the bush not visible. Will open a new marker there
|Unused road
|-22.09282, 26.58662
not Nice to spend the nigth and the day. is not flat to the motorhome
|Downtown free and quite parking
|-26.85226, -65.71062
This camp has not just a great beach and clear ablutions.
|Floja Foundation Campsite
|-10.21262, 34.09574
|Andrew Rosca
Convenient off the highway for an overnight stop. There's a railroad nearby and we could hear trains overnight. A police officer patrolled the parking lot overnight and woke us up because we had left the van doors open for airflow and he thought it might have been broken into. He was super nice and apologized for waking us up. Said the motel next door attracts shady characters and he wanted to make sure we were OK.
|Cracker Barrel
|35.90569, -84.59220
Friendly officer. Asked me where I'm going and if I enjoyed the landscapes of this route. I had lights on :)
|Corrupt Police Control - Light Off Issue
|-14.63844, -74.28514
clean rooms, showers, host speaks good English, cheap In May 2022 we paid 1,500 Toman for 2 people.
We were told by owners that theft from bikes happens all the time here, but they have secure parking through the white doors in the left of the hostel.
|Barahestan Hostel
|33.48200, 49.05877
In the centre of Yerevan very good laundry service. You pay per kilo (2022: 1000 AMD) of laundry. Wassing over night, you get it folded back.
|Selena Services Laundry Yerevan
|40.17775, 44.50776
Good, safe spot for an overnight. Lots of semi's and several RV's. Good cell service with Verizon
|Sierra Grande Rest area
|36.68414, -103.78639
was a great little campground just off the hwy. Easy to get into for any size rig. Clean pit toilets. sites 1-8 had power, water and garbage. Sites 9-12 had powered and garbage, I assume these were tent sites as the were grass sites. little covered picnic area. Not too far from the hwy so you do hear some road noise but not bad. All spots had a fire rings with grills. At&T 2 bars and Telus 4-5 bars. $20 for electrical spots, $15 for non electric and $15 to use the dump station. Great Spot!
|Fillmore Recreation Area
|42.32417, -90.91127
Nice clean restrooms, plenty of parking, well lit and quiet. Also has picnic table areas and nice view. Stayed one night in motorhome pulling car dolly and space was large enough for a van to park behind us. Would recommend for a good nights sleep and/or rest break.
|I-86 East Rest Area
|42.61374, -113.14468
Beautiful location, close to anything that worth seeing around, professional staff, english speakers, medium breakfast, not so good internet, nice rooms, air conditioning, nice interior! Big cars do not have place beacause is a narrow street, bikes are welcome!
|Sarabi Traditional House
|32.04339, 48.85542
Nice spots, open to large parking area across from indoor arena. Kids park next to sites. Water not turned on yet but did have sewer and electricity. Located down a subdivision in fair grounds. Extremely quiet all night until 4:30 then trains went thru town, loud. Pay by honour system and there is free wood for fires, definitely would go back again!
|Lions Campground, MacGregor
|49.96933, -98.77504
Adding to my last entry, we also had WiFi
|Lions Campground, MacGregor
|49.96933, -98.77504
Nice quiet spot in a small meadow, the little hill blocks any road noise. The air smells great and there is weak LTE service here.
|Lower Stemwinder
|49.37446, -120.13302
Right off the road, after curb (traving west to east) offering a nice view on a reservoir and the hills surrounding it. Vast space without any signs prohibiting parking. Very noisy though.
|View point on Highway 152
|37.09623, -121.15210
Beautiful view. One other camper here. Watch out for the glass on the ground may have been an old dump. There was a hill to go farther up but it is a little washed out.
|Drumheller overlook
|51.44751, -112.69807
Sign still says closed however 1st gate is open. Bathroom is spotless, US Cellular signal was 2 bars and very quiet. We were the 1st to arrive 2 other campers came about an hour later. Definitely a recommend spot!
|Fishtrap Lake
|47.36212, -117.84322
This spot has no signage of overnights being banned. Toilets are locked at night and you use a buzzer to unlock. Benches, fire pit, and a nice lookout spot. I had my Jetta with my teardrop and was able to use two spaces. I wouldn't park here with anything bigger. Park at the top of the hill for best view!
|Cute little spot on the lake
|45.52528, -74.20833
This is a California Fish and Wildlife camping spot. It is about five miles off of 97 west of Macdoel California on Meiss Lake Rd. We can accommodate many vehicles of all sizes. We were the only ones here. Very quiet very few cars on the road.
|Camping Parking Lot 1
|41.83777, -122.09637
|A very long Honeymoon
The price is now 250 Lempiras per night for 2 people per night (maybe she can make a discount if you stay longer). It's expensive but we got access to restrooms, could take 1 shower (warm and good pressure) and had very good wifi when parking near the reception.
|El Bosque Hotel and Overlander Camp
|14.83483, -89.15388
In Addition: this also concerns the road until Hydroelectrica not only between Santa Maria and Santa Teresa. If you don't know it, you have to wait 2 hours before passing…
|road from Santa Maria to Santa Teresa
|-13.12878, -72.59342
Sweet spot right on water. Some highway noise, but that's just fine with us! GREAT Verizon signal.
|Quesna County Park
|45.81172, -119.96949
Wild camping spot just outside of town. This spot used to be used to dump sawdust from the local mill. Coordinates are for the road that leads into this spot. Turn right immediately after the dump as you're heading up Camp 2 Road. This road is known as Road 1. Keep right at the first fork, and follow to the pin. Approx 2.25 km up this road is the turnoff. Narrow bumpy access road. Big rigs can access this spot, but they will have to watch the sides of their vehicles. Popular spot for dirt bikes and ATVs. It is close to the dump, so if you're there in early spring be very bear aware as the bears make their way toward the dump as they see it as a food source. Used to be used in the summer as a tree planting camp, but after a bear attack it is no longer used. Mitigate bear issues by being clean. Good cell coverage.
|Sawdust Pile
|51.66141, -120.08145
Museum no longer free, 30s per person. We didn't go but they offered the two of us a room for 20s. People are still lovely and was a great place to stop after the last chunky climb to the coast!
|Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras
|-14.66852, -74.40582
Awesome view, easy dirt road, Verizon reception very limited. Would highly recommend!
|Seaman Canyon Road
|37.05333, -112.25969