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Testimony of the United Federation of Teachers President Michael Mulgrew before the New York State Senate & Assembly Committees on Finance, Ways & Means and Education
Good morning. My name is Michael Mulgrew, and I am the president of the United Federation of Teachers (UFT). I want to thank both the Senate and the Assembly for this opportunity to discuss the proposed FY23 Executive Budget and share our perspective on several key initiatives. Joining me today is Cassie Prugh, assistant to the president and political director of the UFT; Andy Pallotta, president of the New York State United Teachers (NYSUT); and Alithia Rodriguez-Rolon, NYSUT's director of legislation.
On behalf of my members, I want to recognize Majority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins and Speaker Carl Heastie for their strong leadership. I also want to recognize the support, guidance and commitment of their colleagues Senate Finance Chair Liz Kreuger, Assembly Ways & Means Chair Helene Weinstein, Senate Education Chair Shelley Mayer, Senate New York City (NYC) Education Chair John Liu, and Assembly Education Chair Michael Benedetto.
I would like to thank all the members of the Legislature for their support and leadership during these challenging times. As we enter the third year of this pandemic and lay out our plan for the future of our state, I think it's also important for us to reflect on all that we have accomplished. In NYC, we have kept our school doors open to our students and their families during this school year, even during the most recent surge in omicron cases; 74% of NYC residents are fully vaccinated, and 84% have received at least one dose; and, because of our advocacy work at the federal level combined with state revenue generators implemented last year, our state budget is strong and healthy.
We are encouraged by the budget proposed by Gov. Hochul, and I wish to share our feedback.
School Aid and Educator Workforce
We applaud Gov. Hochul's commitment to fully fund our public schools. We are pleased to see that the promise to fulfill the needs espoused in the Campaign for Fiscal Equity has been kept, and we are no longer playing political football with our state's school aid. We also want to acknowledge that the members of these chambers have always been champions for the full funding of our public schools. When no one else saw the need to prioritize public education, it was this Legislature who relentlessly continued this pursuit.
We are encouraged by the governor's proposal to increase support for teachers, address the teacher shortage and expand the workforce with a focus on diversity and mental health professionals including counselors, psychologists and social workers. We have always championed teacher residency programs and appreciate the governor's mention of working with SUNY, CUNY, the community colleges and other colleges and universities in the state to partner with local school districts as we advance this part of the agenda. We appreciate the governor's overall commitment to workforce development in our state.
We applaud the governor's proposal to authorize a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) of 11 percent for school year 2023 tuition rates for 4201, 4410, Special Act and 853 school programs. These education programs serve our most handicapped preschoolers and need to be properly supported. For years, we have lost members of the workforce who serve in these programs because of poor salaries and wages. We need to retain our experts and recruit passionate professionals who can serve our neediest.
Mayoral Control
As you are aware, the mayoral control system was created under former Mayor Michael Bloomberg to replace a fractured and often corrupt collection of school boards across the city. Of course, we cannot go back to that system, but parents and advocates have long criticized this structure for not including their voices in major decisions that have shaped the school district in the past two decades — a feeling that appeared to grow during the pandemic and the disruption of in-person learning.
This year's executive budget proposes a four-year extension of the current form of mayoral control until June 30, 2026. However, our union does not believe the current version of mayoral control works for students and parents. In the past, we have publicly recommended modifications that would help restore checks and balances to the system. Here are three reforms we believe should be considered:
- Balance the composition of the Panel for Educational Policy by adding an additional two parent members elected by the presidents of the Community Education Councils.
- Have members of the Panel for Educational Policy serve staggered, fixed three-year terms.
- Allow members of the Panel for Educational Policy have the option for appointment renewal, and not at the discretion of the person who appointed them.
We see the governor's proposal as a starting point and hope we can engage in a meaningful conversation around possible reforms to the current system to reassure our union members and the parents of NYC schoolchildren that their concerns are properly addressed.
United Community Schools and Community Schools Categorical Aid
Our United Community Schools (UCS) serve as a lifeline for students and families. Our UCS schools provide academic, social-emotional and health and wellness support. Our success was recognized by the federal government in January 2020, before the start of the pandemic, when the U.S. Department of Education cited UCS among "nationally significant programs" and awarded UCS one of eight national grants to provide additional mental health services, restorative practices and after-school programming at three of its Bronx schools.
During the 2021-2022 school year, we fed more than 6,000 families through a strong network of community partners; provided more than 1,500 counseling and wellness check-ins, with social workers, counselors and professionals in our school-based health centers at the helm; and worked to foster professional development with a focus on trauma recovery, culturally responsive sustained education (CRSE) and social-emotional learning (SEL).
For the upcoming school year, our goal is to place a social worker in every UCS school, continue to combat inequity with professional development focused on CRSE, and add to the existing community partners we have brought in to support schools. Studies of our work in UCS schools has shown that every $1 we invest in our schools results in $6 in outside resources from community partners. That means investing $100,000 in a community school director would result in $600,000 in outside resources for the schools.
To accomplish these goals in the upcoming school year, we are requesting the enacted budget include a $4 million grant for UCS. In addition, and independently, we are requesting that the state consider a $100 million allocation in the form of categorical aid for community schools statewide. In addition, UCS should be provided with an additional $5 million to work with the state and use our model and our expertise to provide technical assistance statewide.
Teacher Center
For more than 40 years, the UFT Teacher Center has been a guiding light for NYC educators, a statement that could not be more true during these past two years of the pandemic. Whether it was building out teachers' Google classrooms at the onset of the pandemic; supporting students, teachers and parents with remote instruction; or preparing educators to address unfinished learning caused by the challenges of the pandemic, the UFT Teacher Center has always stepped up and delivered in any moment of crisis.
We are proud to share with you that in the 2020-2021 school year, we worked across 118 teacher center sites, including 13 new sites. We worked with more than 281,000 educators, principals and parents; we provided more than 126,000 hours of transformative professional development; and 99% of our participating educators reported that the seminars improved their practices.
The UFT Teacher Center is focused on what NYC educators, parents and students need most right now. We are fostering the well-being of students and teachers while promoting safe and inclusive school environments; we are ensuring educators and students have the training and skills to use available online tools and platforms; and we are ensuring educators, administrators and staff can work effectively in their diverse environments to foster fairness and the full participation of all members.
We commend the governor for including $14 million in funding for Teacher Centers statewide in the executive budget. This is the first time in more than a decade that a governor has included funding for this program in the proposed budget. Now we ask the Legislature to join the governor and add to the funding for this valuable program to double that funding to $28.5 million, remembering our funding was $40 million before the Great Recession of 2007-2009.
With added funding, we can expand our UFT Teacher Center by 10-15 new sites and ensure every community school district in NYC has at least one site; develop new ways to assist teachers in helping students catch up from the challenges of the pandemic; evolve our partnership with Google and expand our work with Apple to keep our teachers on the forefront of educational technology; support paraprofessionals in addressing the needs of our students with disabilities and English language learners; and increase culturally responsive and sustaining education (CRSE) offerings to combat inequity.
Positive Learning Collaborative and Mental Health Supports in Schools
Our Positive Learning Collaborative (PLC) program strives to transform schools by empowering educators to bring equity to education. For nearly a decade, PLC schools have successfully used social-emotional strategies, evidence-based training and healing practice to overcome systemic barriers that hinder learning and to turn schools into joyful communities in which to learn and grow.
Our work in schools before the pandemic successfully changed school culture by transforming punitive disciplinary systems, reducing the reliance on suspensions and creating new ways for adults and students to interact.
During the pandemic, our PLC schools continue to have access to an expert team of clinicians, social workers and counselors, psychologists, behavior specialists and teachers. Our multi-tiered integrated model of best practices includes culturally and historically responsive education, therapeutic crisis intervention in schools, restorative behavior systems, mindfulness and wellness practices, and restorative and healing circles.
The result is that educators are given the tools, support and coaching they need to better address students' social, emotional, behavioral and academic needs during the pandemic.
In the 2020-2021 school year, PLC placed 10,642 sensory toolkits in NYC schools; served 9,800 participants in our vital "Healing Centered Classrooms" workshop; provided more than 500 inperson and remote school support and coaching visits; and partnered with 50 schools to engage in a new groundbreaking culturally and historically responsive education program.
Our PLC schools have access to an expert team of clinicians and educators, including social workers and counselors, psychologists, behavior specialists and teachers. Our multi-tiered integrated model of best practices includes culturally and historically responsive education, therapeutic crisis intervention in schools, restorative behavior systems, mindfulness and wellness practices, and restorative and healing circles.
This year we ask the state to consider an allocation of $2 million for PLC. With these funds, our PLC schools could continue to provide school communities with access to expert clinicians and educators; help parents cope with stress, grief and trauma through ongoing support groups; continue our highly successful workshop series focused on health-centered classrooms; ensure all administrators and educators understand racial disparities and implement anti-racist policies and accountability systems; and help schools transform curriculum with Dr. Gholdy Muhammad's Culturally and Historically Responsive Curriculum program.
We would also like to commend the governor for including in the executive budget $100 million for the new "Recover from COVID Schools Program." It is encouraging to see our state leadership understand that the best way to support our students, especially during this pandemic, is by providing them with the right professionals in schools. With this funding, we would be able to hire more mental health professionals to expand school-based mental health services and other evidence-based mental health supports to help students and school staff with social-emotional recovery.
We appreciate the inclusion of two proposals, totaling $5 million in grants, for school districts to increase the use of alternative approaches to school discipline and to improve school climate.
Career and Technical Education
While the executive budget includes programs to expand our state's workforce, we find there are long-standing issues that remain unresolved in the executive budget as it relates to Career and Technical Education (CTE). CTE programs have proven highly effective in helping students with the essential skills they require to successfully transition to college and career. CTE programs help ensure that businesses have skilled workers, which is essential to their success and that of our economy.
Currently, NYC receives state funding for CTE programs through Special Services Aid. However, the $3,900 per pupil formula-based funding cap falls short of meeting the cost of CTE programs and excludes funding for 9th-grade students. To better support our city's CTE programs, we urge the state to consider increasing the per pupil cap and expanding funding to 9th-grade students for special services aid that is provided to the Big 5 school districts.
Child care
We are encouraged to see that the governor's executive budget prioritizes the expansion of subsidized child care seats available across the state. Our union membership includes 6,000 home-based child care providers who would benefit from an increase in enrollment and a boost in state funding.
We are also interested in the Universal Child Care Act proposed by Sen. Jabari Brisport and Assembly Member Andrew Hevesi. Of particular interest in the legislation is the proposal to transition our state payment process to child care providers from attendance-based to enrollment-based. We believe to assist in the transition to a "pay for enrollment" system, our state first must increase the market rate payment to child care providers to the 90th percentile, up from the current 69th percentile determined by the "market rate survey." We cannot continue to financially penalize child care providers for matters that are out of their control.
We look forward to working with the administration and the Legislature on ways to solve our child care crisis. Too many parents cannot afford child care and too many providers cannot sustain their services due to the exorbitant costs of resources and a depleted workforce. We are at a crisis point and need to come together to find a solution.
Charter Schools
New York City charter school facilities aid continues to remain a serious concern. This year's executive budget proposes to nearly double NYC charter school facilities aid from $51.5 million in FY22 to $100 million this year. I would like to make clear once again that these are public taxpayer dollars that we are actively siphoning to private real estate developers.
As noted in the graph below, the total spent by the city Department of Education (DOE) on charter rental aid was 14 times higher in the 2020-2021 school year than in the 2014-2015 school year. According to the FY21 Charter School Lease Report made public by the NYC Council, the DOE spent a total of $4.5 million in annual lease costs for Success Academy school spaces in Union Square and Hudson Yards*.
It's time to end this practice. We cannot continue to give out public taxpayer dollars to the private real estate sector. We encourage the Legislature to consider passing S.1098/A.5191, sponsored by Chairs John Liu and Michael Benedetto, to eliminate NYC charter school facilities aid altogether.
We also remain concerned about the workaround charters use to expand their footprint by adding grade levels to their original charter. We have cases in which a charter is, for example, approved to serve as a middle school, but over the years seeks revisions to its charter to expand into grades below grade 6 and above grade 8. This allows for one authorized charter to serve as an elementary, middle and high school.
This issue is made worse by SUNY serving as a final charter authorizer. We have cases in which a charter network, notably Success Academy, authorized under SUNY, has applied for a revision to a charter to expand the grades it serves and be granted the charter revision in direct opposition to the recommendations submitted by the Board of Regents (BOR) on the application. New York State education law requires the Board of Regents to oversee all charter schools, yet a loophole in the charter school statue allows for SUNY to circumvent the oversight. It's time to close the loophole.
The charter industry must acknowledge that there is a charter cap in place, and it should stop looking for loopholes and workarounds in order to expand. There are many changes we need to make to the state's charter school law, including improvements to transparency and accountability and allowing the state comptroller to conduct audits of NYC charter schools. We must level the playing field between charter schools and traditional public schools.
For these reasons, we urge the legislature to consider the following bills:
- S.676 & A5117 (Mayer & Benedetto) to limit charter school grade-level expansions
- S.7666A/A8801 (Liu/Benedetto) to provide the Board of Regents with the final approval authority over all proposed and renewed charter schools
- S.4200/A.5135 (Hoylman/Benedetto) to require the transparency and accountability of charter schools
- S.1117-A/A.5118-A (Liu/Benedetto) to allow the state comptroller to conduct audits of New York City charter schools
Closing Thoughts
I would like to conclude by thanking, once again, all members of the Senate Finance, Assembly Ways and Means, Senate Education, Senate NYC Education and Assembly Education committees for hosting today's K-12 education budget hearing. The executive budget proposed by Gov. Hochul is very encouraging and includes many proposals we have all been championing for years, including the full funding of our public schools.
My hope is that I have successfully provided you with a summary of the work our union members and programs have completed and the work we seek to complete in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging, but our members and programs have always stepped up to meet the needs of this moment.
We look forward to working with the Legislature this year as we continue to do the best we can to provide all our students with access to an excellent public education that prepares our state's residents for the future.
Thank you.
*New York City Council (2021). Department of Education – Charter School Lease Report. New York City Council.
Copy-of-Department-of-Education-Charter-School-Lease-Report.xlsx (live.com)


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subset: commoncrawl


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7 Nov 2020
- Spanish (Chile)
- Spanish (Spain)
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Question about Simplified Chinese (China)
What does 萧予安镇定自若、不慌不忙地把药改涂上他的肩膀,说:"药多,任性,涂满十次肩膀送一次手臂。" mean?
What does 萧予安镇定自若、不慌不忙地把药改涂上他的肩膀,说:"药多,任性,涂满十次肩膀送一次手臂。" mean?
7 Nov 2020
Featured answer
- Simplified Chinese (China)
简单理解就是:我的药多的我可以想用多少用多少 想怎么用就怎么用 。
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Caltrain votes to close Atherton station
The Caltrain Board of Directors voted to close its Atherton station at its November meeting.
The antiquated platform configuration of the station does not meet current standards and has limited Caltrain's operations.
Prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Atherton Caltrain Station only received limited weekend-only service every 90 minutes with an average of 114 passengers per weekend day.
Weekday service to the station was cut in 2005 due to low demand.
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The likelihood of people surviving COVID-19 in UK hospitals has been improving over time, a new study has found.
Research published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine by the ISARIC Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium found that in-hospital mortality declined from 32% at the start of the first wave (Mar-Apr 2020) to 16% at the end of the first wave (Jun-Jul 2020).
In their study of 63,972 adults admitted to 247 UK hospitals the researchers found reductions in mortality were observed in all age groups, in all ethnic groups, for both sexes, and in patients with and without comorbidities. This improvement was found to be associated with adoption of steroids as a newly proven treatment and improvements in respiratory support and critical care use, in part reflecting improved clinical knowledge.
Dr Annemarie Docherty, Senior Clinical Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh and a Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine, said: "The risk of death for people admitted to hospital with covid-19 was extremely high at around one in three at the beginning of the first wave, and consistently improved over subsequent months. Part of this improvement can be explained by differences in the people who were admitted to hospital, and how sick they were. Further reduction in the risk of death can be explained by improvements in care of covid-19 patients with treatments such as dexamethasone and better use of advanced respiratory support."
Professor Calum Semple, Professor of Child Health and Outbreak Medicine at the University of Liverpool and Co-Lead of ISARIC4C, said: "This is good news in a week where there is some anxiety about how new variants will impact upon the roadmap out of lock down. We now understand better how changes in patient characteristics and improvement in medical care have led to improved survival in UK hospitals. The discovery of what works and as importantly what does not work was only possible because of prepared research capacity that was put in place by the investigators collaborating at Universities of Liverpool, Edinburgh, Imperial College, and Oxford with NIHR support."
Professor Chris Whitty, Chief Medical Officer and co-lead of the National Institute for Health Research, said: "This National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) supported research provides evidence that frontline clinicians and healthcare professionals learnt and adapted to COVID-19 to improve patient care. Many of those healthcare professionals also facilitated research into treatments, such as dexamethasone, which was vital to the improvement in mortality described in this paper. These improvements are testament to the hard work of many."
The work is the latest result from ISARIC – a global network of clinicians and scientists who have been preparing to prevent disease and death from severe outbreaks since 2012 in readiness for a pandemic such as this. The ISARIC4C study is led by researchers from Liverpool, Edinburgh and Imperial College London and is principally funded by grants from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and UK Medical Research Council.
Research reference:
Changes in in-hospital mortality in the first wave of COVID-19: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study using the WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00175-2
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The BTS's V of today is a cool and charismatic professional idol. However, the complex journey to success was full of tons of amazing memories that ARMYs will treasure forever. Check out the evolution of V throughout the years from debuting as an adorable boy to making history as an inspiring man!
1. 2013
V debuted at only 17 years old (internationally). His baby-faced visuals made him an instant stan attractor!
2. 2014
In the following year, V began to show more of his charisma with tough concepts like "Boy In Luv" and "War of Hormone."
3. 2015
Turning the international age of 20, V was ready to prove how manly and cool he had become!
4. 2016
As BTS began to receive more and more global recognition, V showed off more of his sexy side in WINGS.
5. 2017
Bandana Tae and beret Tae? What a year!
6. 2018
2018 let V shine with the release of "Singularity," the intro track for Love Yourself: Tear.
7. 2019
V showed off a variety of cool looks in 2019, from the suits of various award ceremonies to the iconic blue hair of "Boy With Luv."
8. 2020
2020 introduced a new flavor of edgy V with his longer hair and ARMYs lived for every moment of it!
9. 2021
The V of today is mature, charismatic, and constantly going viral for his model-like visuals!
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BTS's Jungkook And RM Have Completely Opposite Habits When It Comes To Eating — It Totally Reveals Their True Personalities
It Seems That No Matter How "Irritating" Jungkook Can Be, RM Can Never Get Mad At Him
BTS's Jungkook Gave Jimin "Special Treatment" — And His Hyungs Were Not Too Happy About It


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MOZ Tool Bar Query
Hi there,
I have a quick question about how pages are ranked on the MOZ tool bar.
If you view this page (with the MOZ tool bar showing on your browzer), it has strong metrics:
However, when you click the 'Weddings' link a go one page further into the site, is has no metrics:
Is this because the page hasn't been crawled? Getting a link here is still good?
Thanks Peter, that's very useful advice:)
Does anyone else have any thoughts?
crackingmedia last edited by
Hi Jennie
Yes, the consensus used to be that a link from trusted sites like .gov (that's if we can trust government websites but then that's maybe for another discussion!) increase the trust of the page it linked to. The Moz SEO guide says the same in its summary on TrustRank: Earning links from highly trusted domains can result in a significant boost to this scoring metric. Universities, government websites and non-profit organizations represent examples of high-trust domains.
That said, there was a video posted about 3 years ago by Google's Matt Cutts that suggested that links from .gov sites carry no more trust than, for example, from a .com.
I think to a larger extent the question is how relevant is the linking site? By that I mean, is the linking site an authority on the subject for the link being given?
The most important thing really is relevance. In the context of the linking web page on the Bristol City Council website, whilst that page has some authority, the Bristol City Council website is not really an authority on wedding venues and as such the value of that link is probably the same or perhaps only a little more than a similar link from another site. If you had a link from a trusted authoritative site all about weddings then because the site is more relevant, then you may find that carries more weight.
I hope that helps,
PS. This is the Matt Cutts video I referred to above: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxTmZulcQZ0 - listen to the clip around 1:45 into the video.
Thanks Peter,
We have a link going through to our wedding planning website, so also relevant.
I was under the impression that a link form a .gov website was a really great link to get - is it so in this scenario?
crackingmedia last edited by
Hi Jennie
Both URLs you listed do display metrics in the Moz toolbar for me.
In terms of the value of getting a link from there yes, there could be, the most value would be a link from it is going to a page displaying a wedding venue for hire.
I hope that helps,
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Pig (2011 film)
Rate This
Director Henry Barrial
Initial DVD release May 8, 2014 (Germany)
Writer Henry Barrial
Language English
6/10 IMDb
Genre Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi
Country United States
|Release date April 16, 2011 (2011-04-16) (Nashville Film Festival)
Music director Alexander Burke, Nick Fevola
Cast Rudolf Martin (Man), Heather Ankeny (Isabel), Keith Diamond (Manny Elder), Ines Dali (Anouk)
Similar movies Unknown (2006), Mister Buddwing (1966), Before I Go to Sleep (2014), Crime Doctor (1943), Pilgrim (2000)
Pig official trailer
Pig is a 2011 American science fiction film written and directed by Henry Barrial and starring Rudolf Martin.
The hangover part 2 2 movie clip pig 2011 hd
Plot summary
A man wakes up alone in the middle of the desert with a black hood on his head and his hands tied behind his back. At death's door, he is discovered by a woman living alone in the desert and is nursed back to health. Upon regaining consciousness, the man realizes he has no idea who he is or how he got in the desert. His only clue, a piece of paper in his pocket with the name "Manny Elder" written on it, sends him on a journey to Los Angeles to discover his past. But things and people are not what they seem and clues lead to something bigger and more unusual than the man could have ever imagined.
Pig debuted on 16 April 2011 at the Nashville Film Festival and opened in other film festivals on the dates given below.
ReferencesPig (2011 film) Wikipedia
Pig (2011 film) IMDb Pig (2011 film) themoviedb.org


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The 8 Best Gas Grills Under $500 of 2021
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Registers & Grilles
Registers and grilles are essential in regulating and directing the airflow to and from the HVAC unit in your home, keeping your living space comfortable while also concealing the duct work. Lowe's carries a variety of grilles, registers and air deflectors to ensure you get airflow where you need it most.Ask For Quote Details
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3.7 Standard finishes and Mitered options 9 3.8 Bar deflections 10 3.9 Accessories and Fixing details 11 3.10 Fixing details, Standard sizes and Product summary 12 3.19 Double security bar register AMSR-D 21 3.20 Maximum security perforated grille AMPSG 22 3.22 Light duty floor grille AFG-L 24 3.24 Heavy duty floor grille AFG-H 26Ask For Quote Details
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- Read a File Line by Line With PHPby Monty Shokeen on 31 iulie 2022 at 2:35
There are two reasons why you might want to read a file line by line with PHP: The project you are working on requires you to process the file one line at a time. You are reading a very large file, and the only way to read it without going over the memory limit is to do it one line at a time. Using file() to Read the File You can use the file() function in PHP to read the entire file at once into an array. The array elements are individual lines of the file. So you will be able to iterate over the lines in the file by iterating over the array. The function accepts three parameters: filename: This is the file that you want to read. You can also supply a URL as the filename. flags: This is an optional parameter and can be set to one or more of the following constant values: FILE_USE_INCLUDE_PATH, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES, and FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES. context: This is also an optional parameter used to modify the behavior of a stream. We will be using the FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES flag to skip all the empty lines in a file. You might also want to use FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES to remove the line endings from individual lines. This function returns an array with the file contents upon success and false upon failure. You will also get an E_WARNING level error if the file does not exist. Here is an example of using this function. <?php $lines = file('pride-and-prejudice.txt'); $count = 0; foreach($lines as $line) { $count += 1; echo str_pad($count, 2, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT).". ".$line; } ?> The output of the above code looks like this: 01. The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen 02. 03. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and 04. most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 05. whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms 06. of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 07. www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you 08. will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before 09. using this eBook. 10. 11. Title: Pride and Prejudice 12. 13. Author: Jane Austen 14. 15. Release Date: June, 1998 16. [Most recently updated: August 23, 2021] You can see that there are some empty lines in the output; we can get rid of them by using the FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES flag. Also, it might not be evident, but the lines above include the newline character. That is why we did not have to add a newline character of our own when echoing the lines. You can get rid of the blank lines by using the FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES flag. <?php $lines = file('pride-and-prejudice.txt', FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES|FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES); $count = 0; foreach($lines as $line) { $count += 1; echo str_pad($count, 2, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT).". ".$line; } ?> The output with those flags will look like this: 01. The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen 02. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and 03. most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 04. whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms 05. of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 06. www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you 07. will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before 08. using this eBook. 09. Title: Pride and Prejudice 10. Author: Jane Austen 11. Release Date: June, 1998 [eBook #1342] 12. [Most recently updated: August 23, 2021] Using the file() function is an easy way to read a file line by line in PHP if you are not worried about memory usage. However, you will have to get more creative if memory usage is an issue because file() reads the entire file into an array at once. Using fgets() to Read the File Another way to read a file line by line with PHP is to use the fgets() function. It has one required parameter, which is a valid file handle. We will use the fopen() function to get access to the file handle. Here is the code that we are going to run: <?php $file_handle = fopen('pride-and-prejudice.txt', 'r'); function get_all_lines($file_handle) { while (!feof($file_handle)) { yield fgets($file_handle); } } $count = 0; foreach (get_all_lines($file_handle) as $line) { $count += 1; echo $count.". ".$line; } fclose($file_handle); ?> On the first line, we open our file in read-only mode. Then, we define a function which accepts a $file_handle as a parameter and gives back a single line. Please note that we are using a yield statement, and our function get_all_lines() is a generator function. You might want to read about generator functions in PHP if you haven't used them before. How to Use Yield and Generators in PHP Monty Shokeen 26 Dec 2021 We are using the feof() function inside get_all_lines() to check whether our file pointer has reached the end of the file. We only yield as long as we are not at the end of the file. You should get the following output by running the code above: 1. The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen 2. 3. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and 4. most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 5. whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms 6. of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 7. www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you 8. will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before 9. using this eBook. 10. 11. Title: Pride and Prejudice 12. 13. Author: Jane Austen 14. 15. Release Date: June, 1998 16. [Most recently updated: August 23, 2021] The output looks the same as in our previous section. The only difference this time is that you are no longer in danger of running out of memory. I mentioned earlier that fgets() will allow you to read one line of the file at a time, and it only requires a single parameter that points to the file pointer for the file that you want to read. The memory consumption in this case would depend on the length of the line, and there is little chance of you running out of memory. However, let's say you're reading a text file which contains unusually long lines. You can then pass an optional second parameter to the fgets() function which specifies the number of characters that you want to read. It will then read length – 1 bytes from the file before stopping. It will stop earlier if it comes across a new line or the end of the file. This gives you more control over the memory consumption of your code. Final Thoughts I have discussed two methods of reading a file line by line with PHP in this tutorial. There are a couple more ways of doing this, but these two will meet almost all your needs. Use the file() function when memory consumption is not an issue, and use fgets() with a generator function if you want to conserve memory.
- Inventory and Stock Management Plugins for WooCommerce and WordPressby Franc Lucas on 30 martie 2021 at 4:26
Do you want to instantly know the amount of inventory you have and where it is stored? Maybe you've been in the unenviable position of products being out of stock, with back orders piling up. WooCommerce Product Stock Manager is an example of inventory plugins for WooCommerce and WordPress available on CodeCanyon When your inventory management is done well, order fulfillment goes smoothly. But you can't achieve this if you're using antiquated methods like managing inventory using spreadsheets or closing down your operations for a stock count. Here is where inventory plugins come in! Inventory plugins are automated inventory management systems that help you keep an accurate count of your inventory and see your stock situation in real time. They help you manage all your stock from one place, especially if you have multiple storage locations or warehouses. Before we look at the plugins, let's explore the benefits of a monthly subscription to Envato Elements. Get Access To Unlimited Premium Creative Assets With Envato Elements For designers and developers, access to unlimited digital assets makes it easy to focus on creating unique products. There are countless assets, tools and resources that you can download, all with an Envato Elements subscription. unlimited premium themes to download unlimited advanced plugins unlimited fonts for a stylish site unlimited icons and graphics for website design royalty-free stock photos and videos logos the Elements plugin for WordPress Envato Elements has plenty of high quality assets that you can use for your next project. The subscription is covered by simple commercial licensing that gives you the rights to use the item in a broad variety of projects, including those of a commercial nature. The licensing is future-proof, meaning even if you unsubscribe and can't download items from Envato Elements any more, any existing uses that you registered are still covered. You can cancel or upgrade your Envato Elements subscription at any time. Subscribe today and start creating! Let's now go over the top inventory and stock plugins on Envato Elements and CodeCanyon. 40+ Reasons Envato Elements Is Great for WordPress Developers Daniel Strongin 12 Aug 2021 Top WooCommerce Inventory and Stock Management Plugins on Envato Elements (2022) Let's now go over the top premium WooCommerce Inventory and Stock Management Plugins on Envato Elements for 2022. 1. WooCommerce Product and Related This plugin is crucial for managing inventory for your store. It is the perfect planning tool because it gives you detailed stats of what products are selling well, related products customers buy together, and so on. It simplifies decision making: what to have in stock, what sells well together, and what to get rid of. 2. WooCommerce Pricing and Discounts This is another must-have stock management plugin for small stores. It allows you to price stock items as well as discount stock products that are slow and you want to quickly get rid of them and make room for new products or those that sell well. Bestselling Inventory Plugins for WooCommerce and WordPress on CodeCanyon (2022) With a low-cost, one-time payment, you can purchase any of these high-quality inventory plugins for WooCommerce and WordPress and streamline how you manage your inventory. Best Premium WooCommerce Stock Inventory Plugins (2022) These plugins are WooCommerce add-ons that will assist with your stock and inventory management. 3. WooCommerce Out of Stock! Manager WooCommerce Out of Stock! Manager is a powerful and flexible tool that lets the store admin assign custom low stock values to a set of products and/or categories. You can set custom levels for each product. An email is sent to the store admin if one or more of the items has reached a configured custom warning level. You can also customize each product page to show messages like "in stock", "out of stock", "above custom stock level", or "under custom stock level". 4. WooCommerce Multi Locations Inventory Management Do you ship products to customers from multiple warehouses? Does your business sell from multiple store locations? WooCommerce Multi Locations Inventory Management is the perfect plugin to manage your product stock from multiple locations. Here are a few features for this plugin supports multiple locations for simple as well as variable product types adds each location's inventory to your default WooCommerce inventory assigns a delivery area for locations with a WooCommerce shipping zone visitors can see the selected warehouse location on the checkout and cart page It is compatible with WooCommerce Shipping Pro for UPS and WooCommerce Shipping Pro for FedEx. The system integrates with Google Maps and third-party inventory tools with the WooCommerce Rest API. 5. WooCommerce Attribute Stock: Share Stock Between Products The WooCommerce Attribute Stock plugin allows you to manage stock based on product attributes. Products that share more than one attribute are tracked, and available quantities are displayed on the front-end to prevent over purchasing. You can easily track and manage shared stock, variable stock, linked stock, product add-ons, product combos, parts, measurements, ingredients, and more! It is compatible with 99% of other plugins, such as variation swatches, POS systems, subscriptions, product bundles, cart stock reducer, WP-Lister, WPML, and more. 6. WooCommerce Quickbooks Connector WooCommerce Quickbooks Connector automatically syncs your WooCommerce store orders, customers, inventory, products, payments, and bank deposits to QuickBooks Online. It offers real-time two-way syncing. Any updates you make on your QuickBooks Online automatically reflect on your WooCommerce store and vice versa. 7. Stock Synchronization for WooCommerce Suppliers usually keep their inventory in a regularly updated file that you can sync to update your stock. With Stock Synchronization for WooCommerce, you can synchronize your stock quantities from an external CSV file, Google Spreadsheet, Google Drive, Dropbox, or FTP. You can also synchronize your product prices by simply updating your product prices from the same CSV file. Other features: multi-vendor support daily, twice daily, or hourly updates compatible with variation products 8. Product Alerts for WooCommerce You need a system to notify you when your stock levels are running low. It should be able to do so by sending low stock alerts via email, SMS, or notifications on your dashboard. Using Product Alerts for WooCommerce, you can enable or disable this alert for individual products, set the low stock quantity, and set the message subject, heading, and types of message you would like to receive: HTML, plain text, or multipart. 9.WooCommerce Product Stock Manager WooCommerce Product Stock Manager makes it easy for you to manage stock for your products. On the admin interface, you can add products by product name and ID, status, weight, SKU, title, and much more. You can also search for products by name within the same page, and even edit and update information. You can manage the sale price of all products in the same window. You can also do bulk edits and updates for variation products. Variations will include attributes like SKU, sale price, regular price, stock status, and more. There is color labeling of low and full stock. Let's now go over a few free options that you can download if you are on a budget. Free Inventory Plugins for WooCommerce and WordPress There are plenty of free options as well for inventory plugins for WooCommerce and WordPress. They won't have as many features as the premium plugins, but are a great for starting out if you are on a budget. WooCommerce Stock Manager With this free WooCommerce stock plugin, you can set up products by SKU, display a product thumbnail image, and filter products by type, category, stock managed, or stock status. You can also manage stock, stock status, and back orders. Z Inventory Manager: Inventory Tracking and Management Plugin Z Inventory Manager lets you manage your inventory and check stock levels in real time. You can act on low inventory and generate purchase orders to fill your stock, and then keep track as your items arrive with purchase receipts. Reports allow you to monitor all your inventory at a glance and focus on specific items. WooCommerce POS Inventory Count If you want to conduct a physical inventory check by scanning QR codes and importing and updating the quantities in an electronic system, try WooCommerce POS Inventory Count. It's a simple, free WooCommerce plugin that makes it easy to keep track of physical inventory. Importance of Inventory Management Inventory done right means happy customers, which translates to return customers. Inventory management means planning, forecasting, and being aware of different seasons of the year because some products perform better in particular seasons. It also means that if products are left over at the end of the season, instead of letting them fill up space, you can offer them at a discounted price in the next season to get rid of them and open up space for newer products. Inventory Management Best Practices Choosing the right inventory management plugin is only one aspect of inventory management. When inventory management is not done right, some problems you will come across include: overstock out of stock back orders no idea what location a product is housed in defective products shipped Let's look at some inventory management best practices that will help you avoid these problems. Proper Training of Inventory Staff Nearly every aspect of your business is dependent on a proper inventory count. When the inventory shows an item is available and this turns out to be wrong, it puts salespeople in the uncomfortable position of explaining to customers why they sold something that wasn't available. Train your staff on how to manage inventory and how to use the in-house inventory management system. Investing in Counting Cycles How many inventory counts do you want to have each year? Do you want to have a continuous or periodic count? Categorize which products to give priority in each count? Do you want to order yearly or periodically? Connect Your Inventory System to Your Sales System Every item that is sold should be automatically deducted from the inventory so you can see what your true stock levels are. Yes, you'll still need to count your stock when the time comes in order to smooth out discrepancies. Understand Your Best Customers What your best customers buy can often be a reflection of a market trend, and you can promote it to customers that fit a similar profile. Knowing what they want helps you have it in stock. Don't disappoint your return customers! Prioritize Quality Control Do your products meet the quality standards that customers expect? Defects in products mean loss of sales as a result of returns and customer dissatisfaction. This is where quality control comes in. Implement a system for detecting defective products.Look out for defects such as tears, breakages, leakages, color discrepancies, or faulty descriptions on labels. Count damaged or defective products separately.Many defective products indicate poor storage conditions, bad quality control by manufacturers, or a flawed transportation process. Of course, return damaged goods to manufacturers for a refund or replacement. Storage conditions can also affect the quality of your products.Think about what storage conditions are ideal for your inventory. Consider the effect that light, heat, or humidity can have on your products. Take Advantage of Surplus Stock Surplus stock creates an opportunity for sales and promotions. This can be a source of easy money. Donate what you can't sell and get a tax write-off instead of dumping it. What Should You Look for in an Inventory Management Plugin? Here are some things you should consider when choosing an inventory management system: Compatibility and Customization In addition to being able to customize it to the specific needs of your company, an inventory system should be compatible with your existing software and hardware. Variants and Composite Products Same products can come in different colors or alternative feature sets. The system must be capable of accommodating variants. And if you want to create new product packages by combining existing products, then the system should accommodate composite products. Scalability An inventory management system should be capable of growing and expanding with your business. Looking for a new system years down the road will cause unwanted distraction. Offline Access and Synchronization An inventory management system should allow you to access your files both online and offline, so you can provide uninterrupted service to your customers. It should also be capable of offline-to-online synchronization so you don't need to worry about losing any information. Mobile Access You may need to be able to manage your inventory anytime, anywhere, from your smartphone or tablet, and even create purchase orders automatically from your mobile. Integration With Third-Party Services Compatibility with other plugins, including third-party services like payment gateways, marketing gateways, etc., should be a no-brainer. Security, Technical Support, Regular Updates The safety of your customers' personal and financial information should be a high priority. Download Even More WooCommerce Plugins The plugins listed in this article are only a small selection of the high quality WordPress and WooCommerce plugins available from Envato. Check out the articles below for even more plugins that you can download. 8 Best WooCommerce Subscription Plugins Franc Lucas 28 Oct 2021 9 Best Email and Mailchimp WooCommerce Plugins Daniel Strongin 27 Jan 2022 25+ Best WooCommerce Plugins for Products, Pricing, Payments, and More Eric Dye 16 Aug 2021 12 Best WooCommerce Plugins for Your Online Store Jane Baker 31 Oct 2018 Manage Your Inventory With an Inventory Plugin from CodeCanyon! Streamline your inventory management using inventory management plugins from CodeCanyon. Choosing the right plugins vastly simplifies how you run your business. The following selected posts will guide you to the right plugins. 35+ Best Shipping and Pricing WooCommerce Plugins Daniel Strongin 20 Dec 2021 Top 12 Tips for a Better WooCommerce Store Franc Lucas 27 May 2022 Choosing a WooCommerce Plugin for WordPress eCommerce Success Franc Lucas 11 Jun 2019 The Best WordPress Plugins of All Time (Free and Paid) Franc Lucas 28 Jul 2022 5 Best Store Locator WordPress Plugins Esther Vaati 30 Mar 2021 9 Best Coupon Plugins for WooCommerce Daniel Strongin 24 Jun 2022 This post has been updated with contributions from Daniel Strongin. Daniel is a writer for Envato Tuts+, an avid electronic music producer, and has an online store dedicated to melodic electronic music producers.
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With Expo, developers can create React Native apps without going through the hassle of installing and configuring software dependencies such as Android Studio, Xcode, or all the other tools which are needed to develop and run a React Native app. In this tutorial, I'm going to show you how to create a simple memory game using Expo. Along the way you'll also learn the following: How to use the tools provided by Expo. This includes the CLI, the SDK and the Expo client app. How to create a React Native app using Expo. What Is Expo? Expo is a framework for quickly developing React Native apps. It's like Laravel or Symphony for PHP developers, or Ruby on Rails for Ruby developers. Expo provides a layer on top of the React Native APIs to make them easier to use and manage. It also provides tools that make it easier to bootstrap and test React Native apps. Lastly, it provides UI components and services that are commonly only available when you install a third-party React Native component. All of those are made available via the Expo SDK. Limitations of Expo Before you proceed further, it's important to be aware of some of the limitations of Expo: Expos apps are limited to the native APIs that the Expo SDK supports. This means that if your app has a very specific use-case such as communicating with a Bluetooth peripheral, the only option to implement such functionality is with plain React Native, or by writing native code. Expo locks you into their toolset. This means you cannot simply install and use most of the great tools available for React Native development such as command-line tools, scaffolders, and UI frameworks. But the good thing is that the Expo SDK is compatible with plain React Native apps, so you won't have any problem when you eject your app from Expo. Even with these limitations, it's important to keep in mind that Expo is a fully functional framework with lots of support for commonly used Android or iOS APIs. This means that it has got you covered for most of the functionalities that apps commonly need. So there's often no need to look outside of Expo to implement the native functionality. App Overview The app that we're going to create is a memory game. You may be familiar with this type of game—the user has to find matching pairs by turning over cards two at a time. Here's what the default screen looks like: And here's how it looks like once all the pairs have been opened: Once they've solved the game, the user can tap on the reset button to reset the items to their initial state. This allows them to start the game all over again. Installing Expo Unlike with plain React Native where you have to install and configure Android Studio or Xcode and other dependencies, with Expo there are only a few steps to follow in order to start developing apps: Download and Install Node.js and npm. Expo depends on the Node.js platform for its command-line tools and dependency management. Node.js includes a package manager called npm. Ensure that your npm version is 5.2 or higher, you can check it with the npm -v command. If not, upgrade it or download the latest version of Node.js. This is in order to be able to run npm executables using npx. Install the Expo Client on your iOS or Android device. This is used to preview the app while you're developing it. Install the command line tool. This allows you to generate a new Expo project, initiate a build process, and more. Execute the following command to install it globally: npm install -g expo-cli Or if you prefer yarn: yarn global add expo-cli As a sidenote, Expo also provides a browser-based tool called snack. Snack is like a browser-based IDE tailored for React Native app development. You can write code and see the result right in your web browser even without a connecting a mobile device. It's also very easy to use—no setup required. Generating a New Expo App Once you've installed all the dependencies, you can now generate a new Expo app: npx create-expo-app MemoryGame Once that's done, it will create a new folder called MemoryGame. Navigate inside it and start running the development server: cd MemoryGame expo start Once the development server is running, you should now be able to see something like this: That's the QR code which points to the live preview of the project. Open the Expo client app on your phone and scan the code using the QR scanner. At this point, you should now be able to view the default screen. Every time you hit Control-S on any of the project files, the preview should automatically reload to reflect the changes. You can find the full source code of the project on its GitHub repo. Or if you want to give the app a try, you can check out the demo. Just select QR Code, and scan it on your phone using the Expo client app. Coding the App Now we're ready to code the app. Let's begin with some UI components before we go back and implement the main component. Header Component The header is used to display the title of the app. Create a components folder. Inside it, create a Header.js file and add the following: import * as React from 'react'; import { Text, View, StyleSheet} from 'react-native'; export default function Header() { return ( <View style={styles.header}> <Text style={styles.header_text}>MemoryGame</Text> </View> ); } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ header: { flex: 1, flexDirection: 'column', alignSelf: 'stretch', paddingTop: 20, paddingBottom: 5, backgroundColor: '#f3f3f3' }, header_text: { fontWeight: 'bold', fontSize: 17, textAlign: 'center' } }); This is just a basic React Native component, with some styling to match the UI of our app. Score Component Next is the component for displaying the score (components/Score.js): import * as React from 'react'; import { Text, View, StyleSheet} from 'react-native'; export default function Score() { return ( <View style={styles.score_container}> <Text style={styles.score}>{this.props.score}</Text> </View> ); } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ score_container: { flex: 1, alignItems: 'center', padding: 10 }, score: { fontSize: 40, fontWeight: 'bold' } }); Again, just a simple display component with a text view and some basic styling. Card Component The card component (components/Card.js) will display the cards. These cards use icons from the Expo vector icon set. This is one of the features that come right out of the box when you use Expo: it includes icons from icon sets like FontAwesome, Entypo, and Ionicons. In the code below, you can see that we're only using FontAwesome. It has the icon that we want for displaying the card's default state: a question mark. As you'll see later in the main app component, we'll also be using icons from Entypo and Ionicons. The reference to those icon sources will be passed to this component, so there's no need to specify them here: import React from 'react'; import { StyleSheet, Text, View, TouchableHighlight } from 'react-native'; import { FontAwesome } from '@expo/vector-icons'; // use FontAwesome from the expo vector icons Inside the render() method, we only use the source and icon passed as props if the card is opened. By default, it will only display the question mark icon from FontAwesome. But if the card is open, it will use the icon source, icon, and color that were passed as props. Each of the cards can be tapped. When tapped, the clickCard() function will be run, which is also passed via the props. Later on you'll see what the function does, but for now, just know that it updates the state to reveal the icon on the card: export default function Card(props) { let CardSource = FontAwesome; // set FontAwesome as the default icon source let icon_name = 'question-circle'; let icon_color = '#393939'; if(props.is_open){ CardSource = props.src; icon_name = props.name; icon_color = props.color; } return ( <View style={styles.card}> <TouchableHighlight onPress={props.clickCard} activeOpacity={0.75} underlayColor={"#f1f1f1″}> <CardSource name={icon_name} size={50} color={icon_color} /> </TouchableHighlight> </View> ); } Don't forget to add the styles: const styles = StyleSheet.create({ card: { flex: 1, alignItems: 'center' }, card_text: { fontSize: 50, fontWeight: 'bold' } }); Helpers We'll also be using a helper function called shuffle(). This allows us to sort the array of cards in random order so that their order will be different every time the game is reset: Array.prototype.shuffle = function() { var i = this.length, j, temp; if(i == 0) return this; while(–i){ j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1)); temp = this[i]; this[i] = this[j]; this[j] = temp; } return this; } Main Component The main component (App.js) contains the main app logic and brings everything together. Start by including the React and Expo packages that we will be using. This time we're using all of the icon sources from Expo vector icons: import React from 'react'; import { StyleSheet, View, Button } from 'react-native'; import { Ionicons, FontAwesome, Entypo } from '@expo/vector-icons'; Next, include the components and the helper that we created earlier: import Header from './components/Header'; import Score from './components/Score'; import Card from './components/Card'; import helpers from './helpers'; Inside the constructor, we first create the array which represents the unique cards. src is the icon source, name is the name of the icon (you can find the names on GitHub if you want to use other icons), and color is, naturally, the color of the icon: export default class App extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); // bind the functions to the class this.renderCards = this.renderCards.bind(this); this.resetCards = this.resetCards.bind(this); // icon sources let sources = { 'fontawesome': FontAwesome, 'entypo': Entypo, 'ionicons': Ionicons }; // the unique icons to be used let cards = [ { src: 'fontawesome', name: 'heart', color: 'red' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'feather', color: '#7d4b12' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'flashlight', color: '#f7911f' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'flower', color: '#37b24d' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'moon', color: '#ffd43b' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'youtube', color: '#FF0000' }, { src: 'entypo', name: 'shop', color: '#5f5f5f' }, { src: 'fontawesome', name: 'github', color: '#24292e' }, { src: 'fontawesome', name: 'skype', color: '#1686D9' }, { src: 'fontawesome', name: 'send', color: '#1c7cd6' }, { src: 'ionicons', name: 'ios-magnet', color: '#d61c1c' }, { src: 'ionicons', name: 'logo-facebook', color: '#3C5B9B' } ]; // next: add code creating the clone and setting the cards in the state } } Note that instead of directly specifying the src as FontAwesome, Entypo or Ionicons for each of the objects, we're using the property names used in the sources object. This is because we will need to create a copy of the array of cards in order for each card to have a pair. Creating a copy using array methods such as slice() will create a copy of the array, but the problem is that once the individual objects are modified in either the copy or the original, both arrays are also modified. This brings us to the solution below which is to create a completely new object by converting the cards array into a string and then parsing it to convert it back to an array. This is the reason why we're using strings since functions can't be converted into strings. We then combine the two to come up with the array, which contains all the cards that we need: let clone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(cards)); // create a completely new array from the array of cards this.cards = cards.concat(clone); // combine the original and the clone Next, go through that array and generate a unique ID for each one, set the icon source, and then set it to a closed state by default: // add the ID, source and set default state for each card this.cards.map((obj) => { let id = Math.random().toString(36).substring(7); obj.id = id; obj.src = sources[obj.src]; obj.is_open = false; }); Sort the cards randomly and set the default state: this.cards = this.cards.shuffle(); // sort the cards randomly // set the default state this.state = { current_selection: [], // this array will contain an array of card objects which are currently selected by the user. This will only contain two objects at a time. selected_pairs: [], // the names of the icons. This array is used for excluding them from further selection score: 0, // default user score cards: this.cards // the shuffled cards } The render() method renders the header, cards, score, and the button for resetting the current game. It's using the renderRows() function to render the individual card rows. The screen will have six rows containing four cards each: render() { return ( <View style={styles.container}> <Header /> <View style={styles.body}> { this.renderRows.call(this) } </View> <Score score={this.state.score} /> <Button onPress={this.resetCards} title="Reset" color="#008CFA" /> </View> ); } Here's the code for the renderRows() function. This uses the getRowContents() function, which is responsible for creating an array of arrays with four items each. This allows us to render each row, and then use another function for rendering cards for each iteration of the map() function: renderRows() { let contents = this.getRowContents(this.state.cards); return contents.map((cards, index) => { return ( <View key={index} style={styles.row}> { this.renderCards(cards) } </View> ); }); } Here's the getRowContents() function: getRowContents(cards) { let contents_r = []; let contents = []; let count = 0; cards.forEach((item) => { count += 1; contents.push(item); if(count == 4){ contents_r.push(contents) count = 0; contents = []; } }); return contents_r; } Next is the renderCards() function. This accepts the array of card objects and renders them via the Card component. All we need to do here is to pass the individual properties of each card object as props. This is then used to render the correct icon, as you've seen in the code for the Card component. The clickCard() function is also passed as a prop. The card ID is passed to that function so that the unique card can be identified and updated: renderCards(cards) { return cards.map((card, index) => { return ( <Card key={index} src={card.src} name={card.name} color={card.color} is_open={card.is_open} clickCard={this.clickCard.bind(this, card.id)} /> ); }); } Inside the clickCard() function, we get the details of the selected card and check if it should be processed any further: clickCard(id) { let selected_pairs = this.state.selected_pairs; let current_selection = this.state.current_selection; let score = this.state.score; // get the index of the currently selected card let index = this.state.cards.findIndex((card) => { return card.id == id; }); let cards = this.state.cards; // the card shouldn't already be opened and is not on the array of cards whose pairs are already selected if(cards[index].is_open == false && selected_pairs.indexOf(cards[index].name) === -1){ // next: add code for processing the selected card } } Now let's fill in the code for handling a selected card. First, we open the card and add it to the array of currently selected cards: cards[index].is_open = true; current_selection.push({ index: index, name: cards[index].name }); // next: add code for determining whether the user has selected the correct pair or not Once there are two items in the array of currently selected cards, we check if the icon names are the same. If they are then it means that the user has selected the correct pair. If they are not the same then it's an incorrect pair. In that case, we close the first card that was selected and then add a bit of delay before closing the second card. (This way the user can see the card icon before it reverts to the closed state.) if(current_selection.length == 2){ if(current_selection[0].name == current_selection[1].name){ score += 1; // increment the score selected_pairs.push(cards[index].name); }else{ cards[current_selection[0].index].is_open = false; // close the first // delay closing the currently selected card by half a second. setTimeout(() => { cards[index].is_open = false; this.setState({ cards: cards }); }, 500); } current_selection = []; } // next: add code for updating the state The last thing we need to do in the click event handler is to update the state to reflect the changes in the UI: this.setState({ score: score, cards: cards, current_selection: current_selection }); A related function is the reset event handler. When the reset button is tapped, we simply restore the default state by closing all the cards and shuffling. resetCards() { // close all cards let cards = this.cards.map((obj) => { obj.is_open = false; return obj; }); cards = cards.shuffle(); // re-shuffle the cards // update to default state this.setState({ current_selection: [], selected_pairs: [], cards: cards, score: 0 }); } Finally, we'll add a few basic styles to make our app look good. const styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1, alignSelf: 'stretch', backgroundColor: '#fff' }, row: { flex: 1, flexDirection: 'row' }, body: { flex: 18, justifyContent: 'space-between', padding: 10, marginTop: 20 } }); Test the App Since your Expo development server has been running this whole time, every change should be pushed to your mobile device with live reloading. Try the app out and make sure it works as it's supposed to. Conclusion That's it! In this tutorial you've learned how to use the Expo XDE to quickly wire up a React Native app. Expo is a really good way to start developing React Native apps because it removes the need to install a lot of software which is often a cause of frustration, especially for beginners. It also provides tools which makes it really easy to preview the app while it's being developed. Be sure to check out the resources mentioned on the Expo website if you want to learn more. This post has been updated with contributions from Kingsley Ubah. Kingsley is passionate about creating content that educates and inspires readers. Hobbies include reading, football and cycling.