text:
Money Advance debt negotiation Attorney in line with the…
Advance Loan Debt Consolidation Attorney
In line with the grouped Community Financial solutions Association of America website,More than 19 million United States households count that loan that is payday their selection of short-term credit products. Many people whom eliminate payday improvements have actually them to fund price of residing like their electric and phone bill, gas, meals and rent. View our online payday loans Ohio online video on the best way to escape Payday Loan Debt to learn more.
What is an on-line pay day loan?
An on-line pay day loan is a loan that is short-term. Borrowers compose a specific seek out the quantity they would like to borrow. And also for this amount, the charge after which it they might get their advance loan. When the borrowers paycheck this is certainly next down, then loan and finance charge has to be paid in one amount that is swelling. The cash that is normal term range is about a couple of weeks and ranges from $100-$1,000 according to the state. Concerning the interest even though the finance expenses, borrowers get having to pay between around 400-800per cent yearly interest rate. Payday advances are appealing since there is small official certification for an advance loan apart from having an available checking account, profits of some kind and recognition.
The Money Advance Trap
On the basis of the consumer Federation of AmericaConsumers whom use payday improvements have in fact actually an average of eight to thirteen loans each year at a loan provider that is single. In one single state very nearly 60 percent of all the loans made were employed to pay money for the past advance loan deal; either through renewals or brand title name completely new loans requested immediately after paying off the final loan.
New guidelines through the client Financial Protection Bureau might get into effect as early has got the year that is following. Pay day loan providers will probably be held to criteria which can be brand brand new confirming their clients earnings plus they will pay right back the home loan while handling their cost that is fundamental of. brand New legislation might also reduce the total amount of times a client this is certainly move that is payday their loans into newer and even more high priced loans with greater interest rates. brand brand brand New rules could cripple the payday industry.
Maybe there is means to prevent it concerning the advance loan Pattern?
Yes. an advance loan may be negotiated by means of a debt consolidation reduction. Advance loan credit card debt negotiation may be the way of paying off debt to a creditor after mutually agreeing up to a quantity less than precisely what is initially owed. Your financial troubles settlement negotiation allows the debtor and creditor to trust a reduced balance amount. The lender that is payday would rather get a number of the money you owe them than have actually you seek bankruptcy relief and obtain absolutely nothing. You are able to try to settle cash loan financial obligation on your own or maybe it is possible to use legal counsel. Call San financial obligation this is certainly tick this website link here now diego attorney for a totally free of charge evaluation at 858-217-5051. Know about debt consolidation reduction companies, since they will be possibly perhaps perhaps not held to your very same appropriate requirements and ethical obligations as a professional that is legal. a practiced debt settlement attorney will negotiate together with your financial institution to keep economic responsibility with payday loan and significantly reduce steadily the quantity you repay through the total advance loan financial obligation that you simply owe.
Why Would a Payday Lender permission to a debt consolidation reduction?
whenever that loan provider gets a client stuck in to the unsecured guarantor loan period, the debtor is merely chipping away throughout the economic responsibility. But, once you stop paying out the minimum owed, the mortgage lender loses their profits and credit card debt negotiation allows them a remedy, due to the fact the loan provider are now able to claim your bank account being a loss. The lender that is payday then make use of the losings to offset other profits and relish the primary advantageous asset of imaginative accounting.
Financial institutions will be in the continuing company of creating money. For the payday lender, a credit card debt negotiation means they usually have at the very least a quantity of the funds your debt without any business having to just take anyone to court. Litigation is expensive and frustrating, consequently settlement is generally a choice that is appealing. away from you, a lot of companies are prepared to talk about choices when they understand theyre certain to get at the very least a few of the quantity.
To find out more about credit card debt negotiation, take a look at our monetary responsibility Relief FAQ internet web web page
To see more Gamez legislation practice success tales, see our Client credit debt relief triumph Stories internet web site


text:
The full form of VLC is VideoLAN Client. It is an open source and cross-platform media player.
VCD (also called Video CD, Video Compact Disc or "disc") is a compact disc format based on CD-ROM XA and specifically designed to support MPEG -1-Save video data and record interactive capabilities. VCD has a resolution similar to VHS, which is far behind DVD resolution.
VLC Media Player (opens in new tab) is very popular, and with good reason – it's completely free, supports almost all file formats without the need to download additional codecs, can play video and audio for the of Optimize your chosen device, supports streaming and can be expanded almost infinitely with downloadable …
The full form of the CD is the Compact Disc. It's a flat, tiny rounded storage unit that can store information up to 700MB and 4.75 inches in diameter.
Video Compact Disc or Video Compact Drive, they were used to record videos.
VLC is made by the non-profit foundation VideoLAN. It started as a student project at the French École Centrale, Paris, but is now a worldwide project with developers from 20 countries.
VLC Media Player (formerly VideoLAN Client and commonly known simply as VLC) is a free and open-source, portable, cross-platform media player software and streaming media server developed by the VideoLAN project became .
Today, VideoLAN releases version 3.0. 17 of VLC, which adds support for some formats, improves support for adaptive streaming, fixes some crashes and updates many third party libraries . More details on the release page.
Latest Questions
© 2022 intecexpo.com
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

subset: commoncrawl


text: A customer called in the other day with a fabulously simple, yet wonderfully personal, baby shower favor idea: decorated baby food jars! Her plan was to wash a few empty baby food jars, fill them with colorful candies, tie some pretty ribbon around the cap, then top it all off with a personalized sticker label. She called to make absolutely certain our round personalized sticker labels would fit nicely on the caps of the baby food jars before she went ahead and purchased them, and with just a few moments to take some measurements, we verified that our sticker labels would indeed be perfect fit. She couldn't wait to get started creating unique do-it-yourself favors that would match her baby shower theme perfectly yet didn't "break the bank." What a neat idea!


text:
2022 Kids is a two-day policy summit for North Carolina's advocates for children. Cost. 2022 CAAEYC Annual Conference & Expo Pasadena, CA. NAEYC is proud to partner with Seattle Pacific University to offer Continuing Education Units (CEUs) and Graduate Credits for Institute attendees. March 30 - April 1, 2023. Future NAEYC Annual Conference and Expo Locations and Dates: Anaheim, CA November 4-7, 2020. SOU college course credit is available for attendance at the conference. Notifications will begin in late November. Online Register here. Sponsor and Exhibitor registration for the 2022 NevAEYC Annual State Conference will available. Registration, NAEYC/CTAEYC Member - $75. On-Site Registration Pricing(October 13-16, 2021) * Member pricing is available for current TXAEYC members In Good Standing at the Standard or Premium NAEYC levels and those TXAEYC members through SECA. Thanks for registering. Lunch may not be available for registrations postmarked after October 7, 2022. NAEYC Annual Conference Washington, DC November 16-19, 2022 Nashville, TN November 15-18, 2023 Anaheim, CA November 6-9, 2024. P: 808-942-4708 F: 808-955-2739
Shared Resources Digital Scavenger Hunt / Bsqueda del tesoro digital! Registration includes full day access to the CTAEYC Annual conference on October 15, 2022, & 30 days of post-conference access to recorded sessions. Non-Member - $200 includes standard membership in NAEYC/SCAEYC. Click here for the official SDECE Conference Page! National Association for the Education of Young Children - Promoting excellence in early childhood education 1401 H St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC. We'd love to see you in October! Register Today.
Submit a 2023 Annual Conference Session Proposal. Notably, there is no separate registration for the NAECTE annual meeting, as it is included in your NAEYC registration. Registration fees are as follows: IPA USA Member: Early Bird (available until midnight, July 31, 2022) - $325; Regular Rate (Aug. 1 and after) - $375. Your investment as an exhibitor provides you the opportunity to connect with customers in the early care and education field.
April 29-30 and May 1 Friday, Saturday and Sunday . 2022 CAAEYC Annual Conference & Expo Pasadena, CA. You can register your group on your own -- and for groups with 10 or more, we will apply the discount after registration. Register Here Registration for the TXAEYC 2022 Annual Conference is now open! Bronze.
Formal presentations and informal networking, valuable workshops and exhibits provide you with new ideas and contacts.
April 29-30 and May 1 Friday, Saturday and Sunday . 2022 CAAEYC Conference Schedule (subject to change) Friday, April 29 - Leadership Day: 7:00am - 5:30pm: Registration | Help Desk: 8:30am . Important Information Register Now! To update your NAEYC membership or join today, please visit NAEYC's website or call (800)424-2460 and select option 4 to speak with a Membership Representative. * Member pricing is available for current TXAEYC members In Good Standing at the Standard or Premium levels. Box 1398 Drayton, SC 29333. Register Now! We look forward to connecting with you soon at future Michigan AEYC Events. August 31 - September 3, 2022. Welcome to the 2022 Annual Conference & Expo! If you are a presenter and need to register, start here. Please wear your NAEYC name badge to our conference. childcare conferences 2022rahway public schools Classes For Kids on Long Island and the NY Tristate area. This overview will include information about participation requirements as well as how quality will be measured in this new unified system in birth to five settings. Registration will close April 12th 5:00 p.m. for session 2: Speaking with Children So They Can Think. Good news for friends of TinkerLab: I have a REGISTRATION DISCOUNT CODE for the 2015 Conference to share with you today.
Together, the NAEYC Governing Board, staff, and membership. Below you will find pertinent registration information and guidelines. NAEYC's mission is to serve and act on behalf of the needs, rights and well-being of all young children with primary focus on the provision of educational and developmental services and resources . Registration Fees: . Turning Stone Resort | Verona, NY. Washington, DC November 16-19, 2022. Looking for the details about the Site Tours on Sunday . Each year, thousands of teachers, program administrators, students . Make Checks Payable to SCAEYC and mail to: SCAEYC P.O. We are the NM state affiliate of NAEYC, the National Association for the Education of Young Childrenthe largest organization representing children in the world. NJAEYC Annual Conference October 7-8, 2022 Registration Details Coming Soon! . you can have NAEYC members and non-members in the same group. If you cannot join in person, you can shop online. Complete NAEYC Annual Conference Registration form 2014-2022 online with US Legal Forms. PATCON22: DENVER. Orlando, FL November 17-20, 2021. 2022 CAAEYC Conference Schedule (subject to change) Friday, April 29 - Leadership Day: 7:00am - 5:30pm: Registration | Help Desk: 8:30am . Members of your group DO NOT have to have the same registration choices (ie. Go to Checkout. Please also note that all Thursday events are included with both one-day registration and full conference registration; Conference Rates 2022; Lodging. To update your membership or join NAEYC today, please visit NAEYC's website or call (800)424-2460 and select option 4 to speak with a . If registering using the registration form, you will need to provide your valid NAEYC membership ID#. Registration will close 3 days prior to the session start date. Link to the 2022 Virtual Exhibit Hall Information. 2022 CAAEYC Annual Conference & Expo | April 29-30, May 1 . Hotel Booking Link. Qty: The member cost for childcare in 2022 will be $50 per day, per child. Nashville, TN November 15-18, 2023. Following this guidance, NAEYC leadership has adopted a vaccination requirement approach for the in-person 2022 Professional Learning Institute and Annual Conference. Member - $175. NAEYC Annual Conference Washington, DC November 16-19, 2022 Nashville, TN November 15-18, 2023 Anaheim, CA November 6-9, 2024 Topics: Event Advertisement Become a Member Support our efforts to secure a bright future for young children, educators, and families. In-Person at the Thompson Conference Center in Austin, Texas. . Contacto @CTAEYC. 1806 S. King Street, Suite 30 Honolulu, HI 96826. Non-Member - $200 includes standard membership in NAEYC/SCAEYC. Gold. Click here to access. Diamond. 2022 Conference Keynote. 2022 SCAEYC Conference. Link to the 2022 Keynotes. With America's parents, educators, and allied community members leading the way, this campaign will collectively work to ensure that all candidates and policymakers embrace early learning and commit to expanding opportunity, supporting excellence, and valuing early childhood educators. Save The Date! You will not be asked to enter your Member ID when registering online. Registration; Presenters; Schedule; Exhibitors; Conference Archives. National Association for the Education of Young Children has partnered with Convention Management Resources as the official provider of registration for the NAEYC 2022 Annual Conference. [custom_table style="3] There are extra discounts if you're a student, NAEYC member, if you register as a group, or if you register early. Tuesday, November 15. Join or Renew Support NAEYC Indiana AEYC, along with other partners, works to influence various policies impacting all young children and families in Indiana. April 29-30 and May 1 Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Acerca. Attendee registration is now open.
Attendees can expect: If your proposal is accepted, all presenters (primary and co-presenters) must register by March 5, 2022 - we will not register you. 2022 SCAEYC Conference - Registration Payment Make sure to register using the Online Registration Form . NAECTE 2022 FALL CONFERENCE CALL FOR PAPERS (In person . NAEYC; 2022 SCAEYC Conference - Registration Payment. ESOC 2022 Digital Conference Platform. 20005 (202 . Save the date for the 2023 Annual Early Childhood Conference, April 20-22, 2023 in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Please join us in 2023! $75 for NAEYC/CTAEYC Members (NAEYC Accreditation is not the same as NAEYC Membership. Check out our Featured Sessions and our Full Schedule for details on main events at PLI! Professional Development Keynote Presentations from Early Childhood Leaders Over 150 Breakout Sessions Exhibit Hall Networking Opportunities Attendees are responsible for making their own reservation by calling 1.217.529.7777. Platinum. Member - $175. . Be sure to mention you are attending the Illinois Association for the Education of Young Children block or refer to the group . Then select the Member or Non-Member option below and a quantity and pay via PayPal, Venmo, or Credit Card. Email . Registration & Hotel Proposal Submission Research Institute Sponsor-Exhibit-Advertise NABE2022 Contact Us Past NABE Conferences Pre-Conference Institutes: February 22, 2023 Conference: February 23-25, 2023. Who should . Registration for the conference will close April 29th, 2022. EnVision Hotel and Conference Center 31 Hampshire Street Mansfield, MA 02048 (508) 339-2200 . Registration, Non-Member - $90. This is a great way to meet face-to-face and learn about . Save or instantly send your ready documents. We look forward to seeing you in Pasadena! Join us for an in-person experience at the Pasadena Convention Center, 300 East Green Street, Pasadena . Upon registration, you will receive an email with a link to sign up for individual sessions. Watch. On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology (NOK) we would like to welcome you to Reykjavik June 9th -11th 2022. There are two other ways to register for the Annual Conference: Fax - If you are paying by credit card, fax the Virtual Annual Conference Registration form to NAEYC Virtual Annual Conference Registration, c/o Convention Management Resources - (415) 293-4746. Individual session cost is $12. Newsletter Archive; Resources; Contact Us; NAEYC Registration must be postmarked by October 7, 2022. We believe in high quality early learning for all children. Why attend TXAEYC Annual Conference?
MAAEYC Annual Conference 2022: Inquire, Inspire, Ignite-Fostering Curiosity . Welcome to the 2022 Annual Conference & Expo! Registration closes November 9, 2021 at 11:59 pm PST. Created with SpaceCraft . A $5.00 late fee will be added after this date. Become A NAEYC/CAEYC Member; Register Online; Health and Safety Protocols; Attendee Service Center .
You will need the email connected to your NAEYC account to log in. The National Association of the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) is the world's largest organization working on behalf of young children. NevAEYC supports the America for Early Ed campaign! . dylan pountney instagram. We can't wait to see how you let the world know how important it is to invest in the futures of our youngest learners. You will be able to join or renew your NAEYC/NCAEYC membership at the Standard or Premium level during the registration process and receive the member discounted registration rate. Early Bird Price is available prior to December 31, 2021.Summit Price is available January 1, 2022- February 4, 2022. April 7-9, 2022.
2022 Annual Conference Venue: San Antonio Hyatt Regency Riverwalk. We strive to support our members to be effective advocates and educators, through collaboration with other groups, both locally and federally, to promote policies aiming to improve the quality and accessibility of early care and education. Thank you for your patience as we work through the tech. Mail - Fill out the Annual Conference Registration form and send with payment to:
CTAEYC Conference Registration. View the list of current exhibitors - visit their websites. The Anchorage AEYC Conference has negotiated special rates for the Hilton Anchorage Hotel. challenges. Conference Price is available prior to October 13, 2020.On-Demand Price is available after October 17, 2020. Regular Registration: August 1 - September 9. Thank you for attending our 2022 Annual Conference. Silver. 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. Conference Registration All Day Pre-Conference Workshops Wednesday, November 16. 2022 Annual Conference. Students and 'Entry Level' members must contact NCAEYC at 919-510-5034 or email Chris Butler before proceeding with registration. . Use the " Whereas & Therefore: WOYC22 Proclamations to Advance the ECE Profession " toolkit to request a proclamation, from your elected officials, that moves beyond thanks and recognition.


text:
Community Shop Manager Oswestry Job Openings by Nightingale House Hospice in Oswestry
Nightingale House Hospice Recruitment - Nightingale House Hospice is looking for a new official to apply Community Shop Manager Oswestry that will be placed in Oswestry. If you understand the position you're applying for, you should register your CV immediately.
Nightingale House Hospice Jobs
Job summary:
- Company : Nightingale House Hospice
- Position : Community Shop Manager Oswestry
- Location : Oswestry
- Country : UK
Candidates need a driving licence and access to a vehicle If you have a strong retail background and a passion for sales and customer service, then we would love to hear from you Nightingale House Hospice operates a volunteer operating model, in which the volunteers are empowered by the Shop Managers to take over most of the tasks within the shop, including running the shop in the managers.
- Application will be treated strictly confidential.
- Only qualified and short-listed applicants will be invited for furthers process.
If you are not interested in Community Shop Manager Oswestry Oswestry August 2022 Nightingale House Hospice above, you can try to find your job by read related jobs from another company in Oswestry below.


text:
Shop the best prices on 21 great value Impac products. Shopping for Impac is easy with Fruugo, with SALE discounts, offers and savings on bicycle tubes and bicycle tires. Buy Impac online safely with Fruugo, with secure payment and fast shipping to United Kingdom.
Top ProductsBicycle TubesBicycle Tires
1 - 21 of 21


text:
Get NE DoR 1040N-ES 2016
To be more than $259,400 (single), $311,300 (married, filing jointly), $155,650 (married, filing separately), or $285,350 (head of household), line 11b of the worksheet must be completed. Subtract the amount of any carryover from the 2015 Form 1040N before making your payment. Make appropriate entries in your Record of Estimated Tax Payments. Changes in Estimated Income Tax. If your income increases during the year, you may be required to begin making estimated income tax payments, or increase.
How It Works
Open form follow the instructions
Easily sign the form with your finger
Send filled & signed form or save
How to fill out and sign underpayment online?
Get your online template and fill it in using progressive features. Enjoy smart fillable fields and interactivity. Follow the simple instructions below:
These days, most Americans would rather do their own taxes and, moreover, to complete forms electronically. The US Legal Forms online platform helps make the process of preparing the NE DoR 1040N-ES easy and hassle-free. Now it will require no more than 30 minutes, and you can accomplish it from any place.
Tips on how to finish NE DoR 1040N-ES easy and fast:
Open up the PDF blank in the editor.
Refer to the highlighted fillable fields. This is where to insert your data.
Click the variant to select if you find the checkboxes.
Check out the Text icon and also other sophisticated functions to manually customize the NE DoR 1040N-ES.
Verify every piece of information before you keep signing.
Create your custom eSignature using a key-board, camera, touchpad, mouse or mobile phone.
Certify your template electronically and specify the date.
Click Done move forward.
Download or deliver the document to the receiver.
Ensure that you have completed and directed the NE DoR 1040N-ES correctly in time. Take into account any deadline. If you give false details in your fiscal papers, it can result in significant fines and create problems with your annual tax return. Use only professional templates with US Legal Forms!
Experience a faster way to fill out and sign forms on the web. Access the most extensive library of templates available.
Video instructions and help with filling out and completing 2016s
Reduce document preparation complexity by getting the most out of this helpful video guide. Prepare your taxpayerssee in a few simple steps. Get accurate templates in the easiest way online.
11a FAQ
Use professional pre-built templates to fill in and sign documents online faster. Get access to thousands of forms.
Keywords relevant to NE DoR 1040N-ES
- 11b
- underpayment
- 2016s
- taxpayerssee
- 11a
- carryover
- 16a
- mastercard
- 12month
- form2210n
- ou
USLegal fulfills industry-leading security and compliance standards.
VeriSign secured
#1 Internet-trusted security seal. Ensures that a website is free of malware attacks.
Accredited Business
Guarantees that a business meets BBB accreditation standards in the US and Canada.
TopTen Reviews
Highest customer reviews on one of the most highly-trusted product review platforms.


text:
07-11-2022, 06:26 AM (This post was last modified: 07-28-2022, 09:44 PM by Venus "Cupid" Angello. Edited 2 times in total.)
mans is expecting but doesn't know it yet, this thread is just so i can throw up some pregnancy symptoms and this idiot will eventually come to the realisation! All welcome, looking for WC members <3
Trekking through the desert during the afternoon was a feat that only idiots would attempt. Luckily for him, Cupid was quite the moron.
The world seemed to sway around him as he walked, placing one paw in front of the other becoming quite a challenge in itself, but he'd keep pushing forwards. Was this maybe to prove to himself that he wasn't the obsessive mess he thought he was? Definitely.
Would he admit that? No chance.
So, he kept moving, kept walking, and the horizon began to shimmer and wave as if an oasis was inviting him to keep going. Pace speeding from a tired stalk to a hopeful trot, Venus felt his mouth water at the thought of finally getting a drink.
And just as he got close, the mirage faded. And the fawn-pelted man was left squinting, gazing up at the sky. He shouldn't of left Satan. Shouldn't of left the jungle, but he did.
Because he was an idiot, and stupid, and.. and…
And.. he dropped. His knees buckled until he collapsed. The sun seemed to drain all moisture out of him, though his bladder still felt like it was about to EXPLODE. He hadn't even drank anything! How did that even work?
Cupid was too tired to think about it, but his fur prickled in an uncomfortable warmth that made him unable to even rest his eyes for even a few moment.
Attempting to burrow into the sand, his paws met a colder, wet-er part of the earth, and a nice satisfaction hit his paws.
Yes..he could rest here.. for a little while..
Side note, this is AFTER like a stranger in my own life, and will be regularly updated whenever he reaches a new state of pregnancy. Wanna stay as realistic as possible and I do not want him skipping out on symptoms
the staff team luvs u


text:
He has just arrived at the dock at Milano Yachting Week – The digital boat show and you'd better go and visit him immediately in the motorboat port.
The queen of the medium size Med Boats, the Pardo 38, is the smallest of the Pardo Yachts range, completed by the 43 – 50 and the brand new Endurance 60, and has had incredible success in the Mediterranean but also in the United States.
Why? Soon said. Pardo Yachts has changed the concept of open making it more beautiful, elegant, smart. But also safer, suitable to sail with every sea, full of innovative solutions. And the Americans of Florida, who know about boats, immediately understood that with the Pardo 38, they found themselves in front of a "perfect" boat, decreeing its great success.
The unique features of the Pardo 38, highlighted by the video that you can find here realized in Miami of the outboard version with two Mercury 300 or 350 horsepower that allow it to touch 50 knots. Of course there is also the inboard version with two Volvo Penta D4 diesel 300 horsepower or D6 380 or 440 horsepower.
Here is an appetizer of what you find when you visit the boat:
All you have to do is get on board the Pardo 38 to understand why this 12-meter boat has been so successful and to deepen your knowledge of it.
And if you want to know more, there is a Pardo Yachts shipyard manager at your disposal or you can book a visit through an email or a whatsapp., In the stand you will find the buttons to activate the contact with a click.


text:
UEFA Super Cup preview: Red Devils set to challenge the reigning champions
Zinedine Zidane's Champions League-winning side take on the Jose Mourinho's Europa League winners in European football's annual curtain-raiser.
Real Madrid and Manchester United will get their seasons under way when they face off in the UEFA Super Cup at Macedonia's Philip II Arena on Tuesday.
Holders Madrid are appearing in the competition for the second year in succession, having successfully defended their Champions League title, and it is their third appearance in the last four seasons. Manchester United, meanwhile, are making their fourth appearance in the Super Cup after winning last season's Europa League.
The two teams have already met this summer, having played a pre-season friendly against each other at the International Champions Cup. That game, which took place in California last month, finished 1-1, but the Red Devils emerged victorious on penalties.
Introduction of UEFA Super Cup
The UEFA Super Cup is an annual competition played between the winners of the Champions League and the winners of the Europa League.
Founded in 1972, the Super Cup was initially contested by the winners of the European Cup (later the Champions League) and the Cup Winners Cup. This format was standard until 1999, when the latter competition was discontinued. From 2000 on, the UEFA Cup (which later became the Europa League) winners provided the opposition.
The format of the Super Cup featured two legs from its inception until 1998, when it was changed to a single match played at a neutral venue. Monaco's iconic Stade Louis II was used as the venue from 1998 to 2012, with UEFA opting to use a variety of stadia since 2013.
Interestingly, the 1972 Super Cup, in which Ajax defeated Rangers, is considered unofficial by UEFA because the Scottish side were banned from UEFA competitions. As a result, the 1973 edition, which saw Ajax beat Inter, is deemed the first official UEFA Super Cup.
Starting XI Predictions
Cristiano Ronaldo returned to Real Madrid training on Saturday after enjoying an extended break due to his involvement in the Confederations Cup with Portugal. There had been speculation that the 32-year-old was seeking an exit from the club, but he looks set to remain in the Spanish capital for the time being, at least.
New signing Theo Hernandez featured for the club during pre-season and could be set to line up alongside Sergio Ramos in defence, while Dani Ceballs, who arrived from Real Betis during the summer, is also vying for a starting position.
Potential Real Madrid XI: Navas; Ramos, Hernandez, Nacho, Carvajal; Casemiro, Kroos, Modric, Bale, Ronaldo; Benzema
Manchester United will be without Eric Bailly through suspension, while Phil Jones is also set to miss out after falling foul of UEFA's anit-doping regulations - though the Premier League club are planning to appeal.
Long-term absentees Luke Shaw, Marcos Rojo and Ashley Young are not going to be involved in the Super Cup as the trio continue rehabilitation work for the respective injuries, while Sergio Romero and Jesse Lingard are doubts having missed United's final pre-season friendly against Sampdoria.
The game against Real could mark the competitive Man United debuts of new signings Nemanja Matic, Victor Lindelof and Romelu Lukaku, who have all featured in pre-season.
Potential Man United XI: De Gea; Valencia, Lindelof, Smalling, Blind; Matic, Herrera, Pogba, Mkhitaryan; Martial, Lukaku
Having enjoyed quite a successful pre-season Manchester United will look to hit the ground running in 2017-18 by winning some silverware in Macedonia.
The Red Devils struggled to assert themselves domestically last season, finishing a dismal sixth in the Premier League, but they excelled in Europe and Mourinho has slowly but surely put his stamp on the team he inherited from Louis van Gaal in 2016.
As well as winning the Europa League, Mourinho guided United to EFL Cup glory last term and he will attempt to build on the foundations that he laid at Old Trafford during his maiden campaign at the helm.
The additions of Matic, Lindelof and Lukaku bring greater strength to all areas of the pitch and a competitive victory over the Champions League holders in Skopje would send out a real signal of intent to United's rivals ahead of the new season.
While ex-Real boss Mourinho is meeting his old employers, so too is Cristiano Ronaldo, who is hoping to feature against the Red Devils after making a return to training over the weekend.
The Portugal international played no part in the Blancos' pre-season preparations due to his involvement in the Confederations Cup and off-field distractions surrounding allegations of tax faud have intertwined with speculation that the talismanic forward is nearing an exit from the Santiago Bernabeu.
As a result, it will be interesting to see if Ronaldo is handed a starting position by Zidane, who will no doubt be keen to see his star attacker remain at the club.
more to read:
Source: All Football


text:
Browsing 2020 - Mines Theses & Dissertations by Publication date
Now showing items 1-20 of 196
Ignition potential of transient sparks produced by abrasive waterjet cutting in explosive environmentsExplosive atmospheres are a significant hazard in many mining, mineral processing, and industrial workplaces. These workplaces often require hot work for maintenance, repairs, or production activities. If the workpiece cannot be removed from the potential explosive atmosphere, the hazard must be mitigated through engineering and administrative controls. The hazards must be identified, explosive atmospheres evacuated from the work area, sources of gases removed, and appropriate measure taken to prevent hazards from reentering the area during hot work. Despite these measures, fatalities and significant losses still occur. The ideal solution is to move up the hierarch of controls to substitution.Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting is a potential substitute for hot drilling and cutting processes. At the macroscopic level, AWJ cutting of steel is a cool process. The scientific literature and industry experts have demonstrated that transient sparks can occur during AWJ cutting. No model of AWJ ignition potential is presently available in the literature. The spark generation process and sparks have not been characterized. A single published data set exists with ignitions reported at 300MPa (43.5kpsi) and is not representative of field cutting parameters that represent a potential hot work substitute.The AWJ ignition process was characterized and a model of AWJ ignition was developed. Energy transfer and spark generation were calculated from the model and the maximum potential spark was characterized. Based on the model, it was hypothesized that reducing the operating pressure would reduce the ignition rate. Experiments were conducted with AWJ parameters representative of field cutting applications. Drilling and linear cutting tests were conducted at 69MPa (10kpsi) in a hydrogen-oxygen atmosphere. No ignitions occurred during the drilling and cutting experiments. It is concluded that AWJ cutting is a promising potential hot work substitute for cutting and drilling steel in a subset of explosive atmospheres. Further parametric analysis is recommended.
Data-driven approach to calculating nodal net load forecasts in power systems analysis, AThe electric power grid is one of the largest and most complex systems ever built for the benefits of humanity. Most of the modern world relies heavily upon this system, and its unavailability may result in severe economic, safety, and security issues. Ensuring the electric power grid maintains an adequate level of reliability is a challenging task that usually begins well in advance of real-time system operations. This task of ensuring grid reliability typically begins in system operations with the Operational Planning Analysis (OPA). TheOPA is a study required by the North American Electric Corporation (NERC) Reliability Standards. The goal of that study is to assess whether planned operations for the next day will exceed any operating limits or present any potential reliability threats to the system. The next day is also the same time frame in which the electricity markets begin to procure resources needed to meet the following day's demand or forecasted load. The foundation for these studies is the load forecast. The accuracy of it can determine the next day's system requirements, e.g., generation and system outages. The problem is that the load forecast is typically done at the system level, and for power system engineers, the accuracy of the data is needed at the most granular level, the load bus. A bus or node level forecast does not exist in the industry today, and this research aims to develop a method based on the historical data accumulated by the utility companies. This research also describes the concept of net load, which is the resultant value of load and resources real-time system operators monitor at the transmission system level. This dissertation discusses the current practice of the utilization of load forecast data in the electric utility industry. It proposes a new data-driven framework based on machine learning to predict net loads at the node or bus level.
Development of II-VI ternary alloys for CdTe-based solar cellsCdTe has emerged as the leading commercial thin film photovoltaic technology. Recent advancements in photoconversion efficiency were achieved through the introduction of alloyed CdSeyTe1-y (CST) absorber, as well as replacement of conventional CdS window layer with more transparent alternatives such as MgxZn1-xO (MZO). These II-VI ternary alloys offer a wide range flexibility of adjusting several important parameters of the CdTe-based solar cells, such as band gap and conduction band alignment. The focus of this thesis can be divided into two parts: development of Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) absorbers and combinatorial discovery of MZO emitters.CZT alloys form at the back of the device stack during back contact activation by interdiffusion between CdTe and ZnTe. ZnTe doped with Cu is commonly used as a buffer layer at the back of the device stack to facilitate creation of an ohmic contact with CdTe absorber. In addition, Cu diffuses into CdTe and provides p-type doping for the absorber. The role of Cu during back contact activation was studied in this thesis. By depositing bilayers of CdTe and ZnTe:Cu with varying Cu loadings and subjecting them to short annealing steps it was shown that Cu is a critical flux agent that induces interdiffusion, recrystallization, and grain growth in a matter of minutes at studied temperatures of 320 oC and above. Cu was also shown to scavenge excess Te in ZnTe to form CuxTe clusters. CZT alloys are also of interest as absorber due to the full miscibility of CdTe and ZnTe that enables a tunable band gap from 1.5 to 2.26 eV. In particular, CZT alloys with a band gap of ~1.7 eV can potentially be used as a top cell in a tandem device. However, conventional device processing, specifically the CdCl2 activation step, results in the loss of Zn and the formation of stacking faults. We explored the use of molecular Cl2 to improve stability of CZT alloys during device processing. In comparison to conventional CdCl2, the use of molecular Cl2 offers an advantage of independent control of temperature and Cl2 concentration. Cl2 concentration of 15 ppm was identified to eliminate Zn loss at temperatures equivalent to conventional CdCl2 treatment, i.e. 400-450 oC, however, photoluminescence measurements revealed minimal increase in the signal, suggesting incomplete activation of the absorber material. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed accumulation of chlorine on top of the absorber but no chlorine was seen inside the bulk of the absorber or at the grain boundaries, which is most likely the reason for the poor activation of the absorber.MZO emitters are significantly better than conventional CdS due to their transparency and tunable conduction band alignment with CdTe or CST absorber. MZO is most commonly deposited by sputtering using pre-formed ceramic targets of fixed composition in an Ar ambient. This limits one to discrete compositions and is expensive. In addition, the stability of MZO has been a concern. The MZO stability issue has been attributed to the presence of oxygen in the CdTe device processing ambient, leading to double-diode behavior (S-kink) in the current density-voltage curves. Reactive co-sputtering technique from elemental Zn and Mg targets in Ar:O2 ambient developed in this work offers an alternative to conventionally prepared MZO. Reactive co-sputtering produced high quality, robust MZO films with promising stability and resilience to processing conditions. This stability of reactively co-sputtered MZO is attributed to be due to low concentrations of oxygen vacancies in the films, which was confirmed by electrical and Kelvin probe measurements. The "ideal" MZO composition depends on the specific architecture and processing employed. The combinatorial approach enabled rapid identification of optimal composition, as evidenced by achievement of high performing devices (~16%) across multiple research facilities both with and without oxygen in device processing ambients.
Predicting mining company-stakeholder conflict and incorporating social conditions into mining project valuationExternal stakeholders are becoming increasingly involved in mine design and permitting decision-making. Yet, the systems in which mining investment decisions take place do not fully capture the importance of stakeholder influence on the success or failure of a mining venture. Conventional mine planning and permitting methods elevate technical expertise, conventional views of risk management, and financial justifications as the drivers of "objective" decision making. The rising influence of external stakeholders to mining project outcomes means that stakeholder attitudes on mining, and institutional trust, and local environmental knowledge must be integrated into the decision-making systems in more comprehensive ways. This dissertation is a compilation of three research papers which seek to answer the following research questions: 1. How can governments better integrate local communities' perceptions and concerns into mine permitting decisions? 2. What are the most important indicators of company-stakeholder conflict?3. How does stakeholder opposition affect the valuation of a mining property?This dissertation informs these questions with three research activities: A case study of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) at the Donlin Gold project in Western Alaska: The National Environmental Policy Act requires US regulators to consult local stakeholders and include their concerns in an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). At the Donlin project in Western Alaska, the Army Corps of Engineers included Alaskan Native tribes as cooperating agencies in the analysis in addition to conventional public comment meeting. This attempt at improved stakeholder involvement had some successes, but it also highlights divergent goals within NEPA and a lack of trust between local stakeholders and regulators. Tribes were able to push for examination and disclosure of some of their environmental concerns but remain frustrated with NEPA's limitations with respect to transform findings into enforceable protections.A statistical examination of the social and environmental variables as indicators of company-stakeholder conflict: Prediction of company-stakeholder conflict remains a weak point in mine design and planning. This research statistically examines a database of mining properties and develops multiple linear regression models to identify the most important indicators of mining company-stakeholder conflict. These models find that the following conditions are the strongest indicators of future conflict: the conflict history of the mining property, the conflict history in the mining region, proximity to artisanal mining, and anticipated physical and economic displacement of local people.A decision tree model which incorporates company-stakeholder conflict into a mining project's valuation: Mining investment decisions rely on a company's financial valuation of a mining project. The discounted cash flow methodology is the foundation of these valuations. This research developed a tool for capturing the financial risk associated with higher likelihoods of company-stakeholder conflict by quantifying the risk of forced project abandonment. This research presents a decision tree model for calculating the expected cost of company-stakeholder conflict. The model concludes that even moderate conflict likelihoods can reduce the net present value (NPV) of a mining project by hundreds of millions of dollars. Collectively these studies conclude that external stakeholders are undervalued by mining's present decision-making paradigms. This dissertation calls on companies and governments to place a greater emphasis on external stakeholders' perspectives on mining. It recommends that companies and governments engage these stakeholders in permitting and mine design processes such that these decisions include nuanced understandings of how a mine will affect local people and how local people will affect a mine.
Protonic ceramics for electrochemical hydrogen compressionThe topic of this thesis is designing and characterizing protonic ceramics for the electrochemical hydrogen compression. Protonic-ceramic reactors are attractive for compressed hydrogen production from natural gas because they can effectively integrate steam reforming, hydrogen separation, and electrochemical compression. The current technology requires many unit processes, which introduces significant inefficiency. This thesis first explores protonic-ceramic electrochemical hydrogen compression on tubular cells. Compression to 10 bar was demonstrated, but progress was limited by material availability and scale-up opportunities. A method was developed to fabricate protonic-ceramic cells. The easily-produced samples were characterized and modeled. Discs were made for planar stack development to investigate sealing and reactor design strategies. Scaling up protonic-ceramic electrochemical hydrogen compression is an ongoing challenge. Experiments with tubular cells have compressed H2 up to 10 bar. Tubes are ideal for heavy compression due to strong hoop stress resistance, which is applied from the pressure difference during compression. Unfortunately, tubular geometries do not lend themselves well to stacking, due to poor electrode connections and footprint size. The scarcity and poor compatibility of tubular cells create an opening for new methods to make protonic-ceramic cells. The polymer clay method is a novel processing technique for moldable ceramics in the green state, that fire completely dense. Herein, fabrication of protonic-ceramic membranes is demonstrated in a variety of shapes. Conductivity relaxation measurements between moist and dry reducing conditions on polymer clay coupons were collected and fit to an ambipolar diffusion model. Results demonstrate that polymer clay samples are competitive to samples made by other methods. The final topic of this thesis is how to incorporate efficient cells in robust and durable stacks for electrochemical H2 compression. Planar stack configurations have been heavily explored with other electrochemical devices, including fuel cells. Planar geometries are more conducive to stacking and have tightly integrated electrode connections. Sealing strategies between the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly were explored to determine best practices. Our results demonstrate hydrogen pumping on single cells. While hermetic seals for planar cell stacking remain an ongoing area of study, this study identifies potential solutions.
High temperature broadband microwave absorbing materialsAdvancements in military and aerospace applications have increased the demand for high temperature microwave absorbing materials. While current state of the art composite material solutions contain strong absorption capabilities, they fail to perform in harsh thermal environments due to thermal limitations of the composite matrix. This work focused on fabricating a ferroelectric-ferrite ceramic composite capable of absorbing electromagnetic energy across a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. The dielectric properties of A-site non-stoichiometric sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) were investigated to determine if electrical losses could be tailored by altering the Na to Bi ratio. A bismuth deficient composition resulted in two electrical loss mechanisms at temperatures above 200°C associated with oxygen ion mobility and polaron hopping between Ti4+ and Ti3+. Nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) was selected as the second composite component for the flexibility it provided in both dielectric and magnetic properties based on composition and processing conditions. Highly conductive grains and resistive grain boundaries, attributed to electron hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ led to an electrical loss mechanism at temperatures up to 400°C. The magnetic and dielectric properties of composite samples xNZF + (1-x)NBT were evaluated at elevated temperatures and frequencies up to 1 MHz to determine the impact the two phase composite solution had on the individual properties of NBT and NZF. Three distinct thermally activated loss mechanisms were present in the composite samples leading to broadband absorption across the test frequencies of 1 kHz to 1 MHz and temperatures up to 600°C. Transmission and reflection data from X- and Ku-band rectangular waveguides (8-18 GHz) were used to evaluate the magnetic and dielectric properties of the composite samples at room temperature. xNZF + (1-x)NBT composites demonstrated significant attenuation across the microwave frequencies tested. The microwave absorbing capabilities of xNZF + (1-x)NBT composites at elevated temperatures were extrapolated by combining the thermally activated loss mechanisms studied at frequencies below 1 MHz, with room temperature electromagnetic properties collected at 8-18 GHz.
Multi-pass cross-polarized wave generation system for efficient cleaning and compression of ultrafast pulsesCross polarized wave generation (XPW) is an effect that occurs in crystals that have an asymmetric third-order nonlinear susceptibility. Because of the cubic intensity dependence of the conversion efficiency, the XPW pulse is shorter in time than the input pulse. For well-compressed pulses, the XPW spectrum will be broader and the temporal profile is cleaner, with better contrast between the pulse peak and the low-intensity background. Shorter, cleaner pulses are desirable for many applications. An example of an application for cleaner pulses like this is for experiments where high intensity pulses hit solid targets. Having better intensity contrast between the pre-pulse and the main pulse allows the main pulse to interact with the unexpanded, high density plasma. In this thesis, a novel method is developed to improve conversion efficiency that should also provide better quality spatial modes than previous methods. An optical system was demonstrated where the pulse is relay-imaged from the crystal to itself for multiple passes. This system allows for efficient conversion of low intensity pulses (low energy or long duration). Also, since chirped mirrors can be placed in the setup, the pulse can be more efficiently compressed to short duration. Conversion efficiencies as good as some previous improvement methods are achieved while using uncoated crystals, with quality output mode shapes. Using anti-reflection coated crystals with this new multiple pass setup will likely lead to significant improvement in conversion efficiencies. This method will be attractive for high repetition rate amplified systems that have modest pulse energy in the microjoule range.
Isolated high efficiency multiplier cell-based PV system DC-DC converter for residential applications, AnThe global increase in PV installations has driven researchers to find more efficient integration techniques for interfacing PVs with the grid. More innovative converter structures are required to overcome the challenges that face conventional converters. This research presents a high voltage gain isolated DC-DC converter that is suitable for PV applications. The novel converter utilizes a high frequency transformer with 1:1 turns' ratio and multiplier cells that are also utilizing a 1:1 high frequency transformer. This new approach in topology fabrication allows for a reduced component rating and a very low normalized switch voltage ratio. That means very high voltage gain converters can be realized by using very low voltage switches and diodes. In addition, 1:1 turns' ratio transformers are easier to design and simpler to manufacture and cut the required duty cycle to half if used in half or full bridge configuration. This research also presents the designed non isolated DC-DC converters that led to the realization of the isolated DC-DC converter. A 450 W prototype is presented and tested to validate the concept and an efficiency study for the converter is also presented.
Solubility characteristics of luminescent materials for organic light emitting diodesOrganic light emitting diodes (OLED's) have the potential to be as efficient as inorganic LED's but significantly cheaper to fabricate. Before these devices can be considered as complete replacements for LED's, some problems with efficiency loss and degradation must be addressed. Here, we intend to address phase separation and problems it exacerbates,such as triplet-triplet annihilation and polaron-triplet quenching. We hope to address phase separation through manipulation of the solubility properties of the OLED emissive layer materials. We use Hansen Solubility Parameters, which describe solubility for materials in such a way that we can determine the best solvent for a given solute. The current tests for these parameters are not practical for these materials, so we have developed a new procedure for measuring the solubility properties of luminescent materials and used this procedure to test four common OLED materials. The data these tests produced is not precise enough at this time to draw any definitive conclusions about these materials' solid-solubility.
Laboratory study of the effect of chemical osmosis on the elastic rock properties of Pierre shale and implication for oil recoveryThe main objective of this research is to experimentally (1) measure the effect of chemical osmosis on elastic properties of shale, (2) determine chemical osmosis membrane efficiency under in-situ stress, and (3) evaluate the swelling tendency of Pierre shale resulting from chemical osmosis and its implication on oil production. Three relevant tri-axial experiments were conducted on Pierre shale core samples, before and after fluid invasion at reservoir pressure and temperature conditions, to determine rock properties and behavior. To accomplish the tasks, a new tri-axial cell was built to accommodate coupled acoustic and static measurements attributed to swelling during water intrusion into the Pierre shale matrix. Bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, and shear failure envelope of Pierre shale were determined from measurements on several shale samples with varying clay content. The membrane efficiency of the shale samples was experimentally determined to be in the range of 10 to 30% depending on clay content and stress level. Swelling strains of the samples were determined from experiments to be 1% in high smectite content samples and 0.07% in a 3.5 wt.% TOC sample from Pierre shale. For the PI-LC-WY-H-01 Pierre shale sample with low smectite and high TOC, we obtained an internal friction angle of 48.4 degrees. The shale samples containing high swelling clays indicated a decreasing trend in Young's modulus when low salinity brine imbibed into the pore space by chemical osmosis. For relatively low smectite content and high TOC, the Young's modulus increased when water saturation increased during osmosis pressure build-up. The aforementioned results were included in the numerical model to account for osmosis and clay swelling characteristics on oil recovery from the rock matrix. The correlation of the membrane efficiency with stress is dependent on the formation mineralogy, particularly clay content. A coupled mass transport-geomechanical mathematical model was developed (1) to simulate mass transport between the fracture and rock matrix amidst the occurrence of clay swelling, and (2) to evaluate how fluid and rock interactions could affect oil recovery from the rock matrix in unconventional reservoirs. The model was used to evaluate oil recovery from a single matrix block while accounting for the change of membrane efficiency with stress, swelling, and mechanical property of shales. Based on our laboratory observations, I recommend investigating the swelling tendencies of shale formations before any water injection operations, especially for low salinity water injection. I also recommend determining the increase in effective stress with clay content resulting from low salinity water injection.
Multiscale modeling of the lumbar spine to investigate tissue-level load transfer during activities of daily livingThe prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in certain subpopulations who experience more extreme repetitive spine kinematics is often attributed to biomechanical factors. Repetitive loading of the spine during lumbar movements produces damage in innervated elements known to be sources of pain, with examples including: vertebral body fractures, intervertebral disc tears, endplate lesions, and abnormal disc stress. Thus, understanding how lumbar spine kinematics influence load transfer within the tissues during daily activities can provide insight into determining how population-specific biomechanical LBP develops. Methods used to directly measure lumbar spinal loads in vivo and in vitro can be highly invasive, are not always measured in living humans, and are often not measured during daily activities. Computational modeling techniques provide a solution in silico for estimating lumbar spinal loads that are difficult or impossible to measure. While common types of biomechanical computational models (i.e., musculoskeletal and finite element (FE) models) have many benefits, they are limited when employed separately. Multiscale modeling involves combining two or more computational models into a single framework to leverage their capabilities and enable estimation of tissue loads driven by physiological kinematics and loading. This research sought to address the need for a computational model of the lumbar spine to estimate tissue-level load transfer driven by in vivo kinematics for people who are prone to developing biomechanical LBP. In this body of work, a multiscale model of the lumbar spine (musculoskeletal + FE) was developed, validated, and applied clinically. The model was validated against in vitro torque-rotation and force-displacement responses, as well as in vivo intradiscal pressure. The model was applied to people with and without a transtibial amputation (TTA) to assess differences in tissue load distribution during daily activities between groups. Lumbar spine tissue loads were also analyzed for a participant with a TTA and LBP who underwent movement retraining rehabilitation to investigate if the multiscale model can help to corroborate clinical decision making. A design of experiments was performed to determine normal variation in the model and it's relation to clinical relevance, as well as technical modeling implications for predicting tissue loads from physiological kinematics and kinetics. The overarching goal of this research was to lay the groundwork for developing a computational model that can be adapted for use with different populations, pathologies, geometries, and activities and can be used in parallel with treatment protocols towards improved patient-specific care of biomechanical LBP.
Experimental study of tunnels in squeezing ground conditionsThe presence of squeezing ground conditions often poses significant challenges in predicting tunnel response over time and to the design of an adequate support system to stabilize the tunnel. Over the years, many methodologies have been proposed to predict squeezing in tunnels based on tunnel depth, in situ stress, ground mineralogy, and ground strength and deformation behavior. Most of these methodologies are problem-specific and limited in scope. The study presented in this thesis was focused on improving the understanding of tunnel squeezing via a unique physical model test that simulated tunnel boring machine (TBM). To identify the critical parameters contributing towards squeezing, a case study of four tunnels constructed in squeezing clay-rich rock was carried out. It was established from the case studies that by combining normalized engineering behavior of rocks, Peck's stability number and Geological Strength Index (GSI), the squeezing potential for the tunnels could be determined. A squeezing number S is suggested to classify ground conditions based on the level of squeezing that the ground may experience in response to tunneling. It was demonstrated that by combining the proposed classification system and an existing classification system for squeezing ground conditions, an accurate estimate of tunnel strain could also be obtained. Following the case studies, a novel physical model test to simulate a tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation in squeezing ground conditions has been proposed. The physical model included a large true-triaxial cell, a miniature tunnel boring machine (TBM), a laboratory-prepared synthetic test specimen having properties similar to natural mudstone, and instrumentations to monitor deformations around the tunnel boundary during and after the excavation. The true-triaxial cell can apply principal stresses up to 13 MPa on a 300x300x300mm3 cubical rock specimen independently on the three principal planes, and this corresponds to real in-situ stress conditions. Miniature TBM can excavate a tunnel having 48-mm and maximum length 150-mm. The instrumentation and monitoring included embedded strain gauges in the form of multiple point borehole extensometer (MPBEx) and a caliper to monitor deformations around and at the tunnel boundary, respectively. The preliminary testing showed the capability of the test setup in capturing crucial features of tunnel excavation, such as tunnel advance, three-dimensional effects, and highly plastic and ductile time-dependent behavior of the ground. The physical model was used to study the behavior of supported and unsupported tunnels at various isotropic stress levels. The deformation data were obtained from the embedded strain gauges, digital borehole caliper and strain gauges on the support system. The degree of tunnel squeezing was characterized using a classification system based on tunnel radial strain. A model for time-dependent tunnel longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) for unsupported and supported tunnels was proposed using measurements of the tunnel convergence at different times and different stress levels. The LDP parameters for both the cases were compared to account for the influence of the support system. The back-calculation of thrust forces on the support system provided an estimate of the additional effects induced in the support due to squeezing. Finally, based on the observations, a recommendation for the analysis to determine safe and economical support for the tunnel constructed in squeezing ground was proposed.
Enhancing socio-technical integration of remediation efforts in artisanal and small-scale gold mining communitiesArtisanal and small-scale gold mining represents the largest source of anthropogenic mercury contamination in the world, creating long-term exposure risks to miners and communities in which these operations exist. Eliminating these health and environmental risks requires the implementation of remediation projects in coordination with local communities. Yet, current remediation frameworks lack thorough guidance on integrating local knowledge with technical data, and projects therefore emphasize technical forms of knowledge over local knowledge. This research bridges this gap by first analyzing previous remediation projects in developing countries. The review concluded that stakeholder engagement leads to greater project success by enhancing communication and creating project goals that meet the needs of different stakeholders. Yet, stakeholder engagement with a diverse range of individuals and organizations is not pursued by the majority of remediation projects. This critical need for stakeholder engagement led to the redevelopment of a common decision-making tool in remediation: the conceptual site model. During a field visit to an ASGM community in Antioquia, Colombia, three iterations of preliminary conceptual site models were created by integrating ethnographic research methods and existing technical information. The framework for creating community-informed conceptual site models further offers opportunities for engineering students to engage with stakeholder engagement within site remediation course curriculum, thereby equipping students to solve complex engineering problems prior to entering their professional career. The culmination of this research presents a comprehensive reform of the engineering discipline within remediation by exposing opportunities for local knowledge to enhance remedial endeavors and offering methods for incorporating local knowledge directly into remediation projects.
Contextualizing and communicating the ancillary benefits of green stormwater infrastructureAs we move into an era of increased urbanization, stormwater practitioners are charged with creating multi-functional solutions through the installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) mirrors natural hydrologic processes and can be used as an alternative or complement to traditional grey infrastructure. To encourage greener interventions, practitioners promote co-benefits (ancillary social, ecological and environmental outcomes). Co-benefits are difficult to quantify because they span a diverse set of categories that cannot be easily measured with a single metric. This dissertation advances the science of co-benefits by querying (1) the impact greening programs have on vegetation in cities, (2) the public's preference for GSI and co-benefits, and (3) the feasibility of incorporating co-benefits into the planning process. First, a ten-city greenness study found that robust GSI programs did not always correspond with increased city-wide greenness. In Philadelphia, the installation of non-vegetated SCMs contributed to decreased urban greenness. Second, a survey administered in three cities found that respondents preferred new GSI installations and had less confidence in GSI to handle storms. The co-benefits surveyed were favorable to most respondents, but a clear divide was identified between environmental and socio-economic related benefits. Finally, a critical review of the literature informed a SCM/benefit attribution matrix that was then applied to a case study in the Berkeley neighborhood of Denver, CO. We found that hydrologic benefits related to SCMs can be quantified using stormwater modeling. To assess vegetated benefits related to SCMs, we created the framework of the 4 C's (community, context, connectivity and canopy) to leverage surrounding urban green infrastructure (like parks) because the modeled solution would add only 1% to the neighborhood's vegetated area. To incorporate the results of this dissertation into stormwater planning, we advocate that municipalities adopt multi-department integrated vegetation goals to optimize the benefits of all types of urban green infrastructure.
Petroleum exploration in the mature Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand: success and failure analysis, and characterization of source rocks and crude oilsFinding new petroleum resources is one of the important tasks to sustain the future of energy consumption. Considerable petroleum resources can be added through exploration in frontier and emerging basins and plays. However, finding petroleum accumulations and proving new exploration concepts in the maturing and mature areas are also essential to prolong the consumption of energy from fossil fuels. The study area for this thesis is located in the Sirikit Oil Field, the Phitsanulok Basin, Northern Thailand. Sirikit Oil Filed has been explored and produced for almost 40 years. During all those times, PTTEP (the national petroleum exploration and production company based in Thailand) has performed several types of activities attempting to prolong the field life. Although there were several exploration campaigns to locate additional resources, especially in the eastern part of the Phitsanulok Basin in the past ten years, the success rate of the exploration wells is quite low. The objective of the thesis was to study the petroleum system and define additional petroleum potential of failure areas using post-mortem analysis and source rocks-crude oils characterization. The success and failure analysis indicates that the most common critical failure mode of the Eastern Flank area is the migration, especially in the most eastern part of the study area. This area might fail because of a great distance away from the kitchen area, limiting lateral hydrocarbon migration to the particular region. Characterization of source rocks and crude oils presents two source rocks facies in the Phitsanulok Basin, including lacustrine and terrestrial facies. These two source facies are located in different areas and charged petroleum into different regions. Lacustrine source facie is dominated by Type I kerogen, situated in the Sukhothai Depression and the south of the Basin. This source rock facie mainly charged hydrocarbon to the southern part of the Basin. On the contrary, terrestrial source facie mainly consists of Type III kerogen type and dominated in the Sukhothai Depression and the eastern part of the basin. Petroleum generated from the latter facie mostly migrated to the Eastern Flank area. Expected source rocks in both discovery and failed exploration areas are in an immature stage of the oil generation window. Therefore, hydrocarbons present in the successful area is migrated from the mature terrestrial facie from the kitchen area or mature local sources nearby. All of the results indicate that potential areas for future exploration activities are located in between proven hydrocarbon migration boundaries and none hydrocarbon show lines, especially in the Pratu Tao and the Lan Krabu plays.
Effect of fluid viscosity and density on proppant transport in complex slot systems, TheThe main functions of hydraulic fracturing fluids are to create a fracture network and to carry and place the proppant into the created fractures networks, thus, keeping the fractures open and allowing hydrocarbons to flow from the reservoir into the wellbore. Many studies have been performed over the years to develop an ideal fracturing fluid system. Development focus has generally been on optimization of a fluid rheology that can carry and place the proppant into the created fractures with less damage to the formation and at a lower cost. The main goal of this research is to continue building the understanding and optimization of proppant transport in a complex hydraulic fracture network. Specifically for this research focus is placed on two different fluids, water-glycerin solution and water-sodium chloride solution, representing varying density and viscosity. The effects of changing fluid viscosities, densities, proppant densities, proppant sizes, proppant concentrations, and slurry injection rates on proppant transport were then investigated. This experimental work was performed using a laboratory size slot apparatus at the Colorado School of Mines. Four different proppants were tested, 100 mesh sand (2.65 sp.gr), 40/70 mesh sand (2.65 sp.gr), 40/70 mesh ceramic (2.08 sp.gr), and 40/70 mesh ceramic (2.71 sp.gr), at two slurry injection rates (1 and 2 gal/min) and two proppant concentrations (1 ppg (Cv=0.043) and 2 ppg (Cv=0.086)). Also, this study reviews the published correlations for proppant dune height and compares the calculated results with the lab results. The experimental results show that a water glycerin solution (viscosity of 4.3 cp) has a better capability of carrying the proppant into farther locations and to greater distances, which was ascertained by the weight of the collected proppant out of the sampling points. On the other hand, the results show that water-sodium chloride solution of 9.24 ppg density has less capability to carry the proppant deep into the fractures. The results also show that the proppant covered area inside all of the farther fractures (T-1, S-3, and T-2) from the injection point was greater using the water-glycerin solution that the water-sodium chloride solution, due to the ability of the high viscosity to keep more proppant suspended. For all tested proppants, the results show that increasing fluid density had no significant effect on the equilibrium dune height and proppant travel distance. Moreover, the results show that increasing the number of injected particles has a similar effect as that of increasing proppant concentration, both situations leading to quick dune build-up rates and increased proppant covered areas. For both tested fluids, the results show that increasing the injection rate has a significant impact on proppant transport. As the injection rate increases, the proppant dune height decreases and both the proppant covered area and the proppant collected from sampling points increase as well. It was found that smaller proppant sizes such as (100 mesh sand) transported deep into the slot system with lower dune height, as compared with larger proppant sizes (40/70 mesh). Also the results show that proppant density has a significant impact on proppant transport. Decreasing the proppant density resulted in increasing the proppant covered area inside the slots. This experimental work shows that viscosity has a greater impact on the proppant transport than fluid density does, thus implying a larger impact on the resulting fracture conductivity. All of the lab data were compared to published correlations that can predict proppant dune height inside the main fracture by Wang et al. (2003) and Alotaibi and Miskimins (2015). Both correlations showed values close to the laboratory measured values with some minor (< 2.5%) average percent difference. Overall, it appears that these correlations can be used to predict the equilibrium dune height inside the main fracture with low error values and without adjusting any parameters for the tested systems.
Deep learning methods for shear log predictions in the Volve field Norwegian North SeaShear logs are required to calculate reservoir characterization or geomechanics parameters. Shear logs are also used for various seismic analysis applications, such as Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) inversion and multicomponent seismic interpretation. Furthermore, shear logs or their inverse shear velocity logs are an essential component for rock physics analysis in order to constrain seismic inversion results for potential reservoir pay intervals, in reservoir characterization practices. Often, shear logs are missing to reduce well logging costs, or the data are of poor quality due to poor borehole conditions, or cycle-skipping. This thesis discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs) for shear log predictions using data from the Volve field, in the Norwegian North Sea. In this thesis I use deep neural networks or feedforward neural networks, and I propose convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, to predict shear logs from gamma ray, bulk density, neutron porosity, true formation resistivity, compressional sonic and depth logs. Multiple efforts have been made to predict shear logs using machine learning methods. These studies mostly used one well each for training data and for blind testing. To the best of my knowledge, a comprehensive study that includes well logs, including shear data, from multiple wells in a single field to synthesize shear logs using machine learning methods is lacking. In this thesis I explore the robustness of deep learning methods for shear log (DTS) prediction, using a quantitative measure of accuracy scoring for prediction, such as the coefficient of determination R-squared, and the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), using six wells that contained DTS data. I use deep learning methods to synthesize shear logs using all wells with shear log data in the Volve field, Norwegian North Sea. This thesis will provide geoscientists with a tested deep learning approach to synthesize shear logs on a full field scale data set, and to assist in shear prediction for reservoir characterization applications such as AVO inversion, or geomechanical parameters calculation such as shear modulus.
Cost effectiveness of beam-column gravity systems for mass timber buildingsMass timber construction (MTC) has grown in popularity in recent decades, leading to the adoption of new construction types for MTC to be included in the 2021 International Building Code (IBC). Estimating the cost of mass timber construction is uniquely different and less understood than the cost estimation of concrete, steel, and light-framed wood buildings. This thesis will provide a better understanding of cost estimation of mass timber construction by investigating the cost sensitivity of key design features for a mass timber gravity system. An algorithm consisting of automated design and cost estimation is used. The algorithm implements strength and serviceability limits and the building type requirements defined by the IBC. The major system components and design choices that significantly affect cost are found and discussed.
Studies of elves and their connection to lightning with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryEmissions of Light and Very-low frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic pulse Sources (elves) are observed by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory (Auger), located in Malargüe, Argentina, with an unprecedented acquisition rate of 10 MHz. An elve is a ring-shaped transient luminous event that expands across the base of the ionosphere at 90 km altitude, above thunderstorms. The elve-observation footprint of the Auger Fluorescence Detector (FD) is 3×10^6 km2, extending over this region known for the highest lightning-flash rate in the tallest thunderstorms on Earth. Northern Argentina has also be identified as one of the only landmasses struck by lightning superbolts, which radiate more than 1 MJ in the form of an electromagnetic pulse. In this dissertation, I first provide background on thunderstorm electrification, lightning processes, and transient luminous events. Second, I present phenomenological properties that I reconstruct directly from the elve data of the Auger FD. I report the first observation of an elve with a complex light spectrum and an elve with a record radial extent of 1000 km. I also reconstruct the lowest altitude intra-cloud lightning stroke ever reported from the observation of elves, 7 km. Third, I detail the end-to-end simulation and perform sensitivity studies of the simulation of the photon surface density of elves to various lightning properties. I employ the elve simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the Auger FD to the altitude of lightning strokes. Fourth, I compare the simulation directly to two well-characterized elves acquired by the Auger FD to assess the validity of the end-to-end simulation. The detailed comparison of well-calibrated data and elaborate simulation will guide future improvements in the current models used to describe elves. From the simulation, I parametrize a relationship between lightning peak current and elve maximum brightness to reconstruct the lightning current of the Auger elve-inducing lightning strokes. Finally, I summarize the major results of this work and how they benefit the field of atmospheric electricity physics.
Critical analysis of a practical fourth order finite-difference time-domain algorithm for the solution of Maxwell's equationsThe finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a highly effective numerical method of solvingMaxwell's equations in the time domain. Traditionally the approximation of the derivatives in Maxwell's equations is based on a central differencing scheme which is second order accurate (second order). The high complexity of today's electromagnetic problems necessitate a FDTD formulation that can use less computational memory and complete simulations faster than current second order FDTD formulations. Many researchers have studied the benefits of FDTD formulations based on fourth order approximations of the spatial derivatives (fourth order). However, none has presented a complete non-specialized case that leads to the simulation of practical antenna or electromagnetic problems. For this reason, and due to the complexity of the available fourth order formulations and the lack of comprehensive analysis of such FDTD formulations, none of the existing commercial electromagnetic software packages use any fourth order FDTD formulations for solving practical problems. The goal of this thesis is to implement, validate, and provide performance analysis of a practical FDTD scheme using fourth order accurate central differencing derivative approximations in space and second order accurate central differencing derivative approximations in time. The simplicity of the fourth order formulation presented in this thesis comes from that fact that it is derived from Taylor series expansions of a general function. The formulation of the FDTD updating equations is developed for general mediums as well as lumped circuit elements (voltage sources, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes). Additionally, updating equations for fourth order convolutional perfectly matched layers (CPML) are derived. This formulation is straightforward, advantageous, and provides a practical fourth order FDTD formulation for electromagnetics applications. Verification and simulation accuracy of the developed fourth order formulation are confirmed through the application of Gaussian propagation, a cavity resonator, the radiation from a dipole antenna, antenna arrays, and the radar cross section calculation of a dielectric cube. Simulations of discontinuous boundaries are also explored in detail through the simulation of PEC objects and high permittivity objects. Various different methods of special fourth order updating equations are thoroughly tested at these boundaries and the results are analyzed. The computational advantages of the developed fourth order FDTD formulation are explored and results show reduced memory usage up to a factor of 6.97 and reduced simulation time up to a factor of 8.70 compared to the traditional second order FDTD formulation.


text:
Age is just a number: Hilarious video shows 'raving grannies' battling women half their age during a 'sexy dance off'
- Video of several women participating in a dance off has recently emerged
- Two of the women appear to be pensioners while rest are much younger
- Footage, thought to be shot in Sichuan, China, is incredibly popular online
If you thought raves were just for the young then you haven't met China's dancing grannies.
In a recently emerged video, two such women were seen throwing their bodies into bizarre positions in an attempt to prove to a crowd of amused onlookers that they have what it takes to be dancing queens.
Incredibly, the video of the women featured on People's Daily Online showed that they were up against dancers half their age.
Shake it: Two women were filmed participating in a dance off thought to have taken place in Sichuan, China
Can you do this? One of the women pulls a dramatic gesture and then the second woman counters her move
The video, thought to be captured somewhere in Sichuan, south west China, showed the two pensioner-aged women dancing in the middle of a crowd.
They were seen waving their arms and shaking their hips in elaborate dance moves, apparently completely oblivious to bystanders.
On the other side of the clearing, a group of young women were also dancing.
As the quick beats of the music went on however, the young women slowly stopped moving.
Taking their cue, the two dancing grannies moved to the centre of the crowd to show off their increasingly outrageous moves.
All together now: The two women were initially dancing on the side but later moved into the centre of the crowd
It is not clear when the dance-off took place but since the video appeared online, it has gained hundreds of thousands of views.
Over 33,000 people took to Weibo, China's equivalent of Twitter, to voice their opinions.
Many users found the videos to be hilarious while some thought the women were insane and inappropriate.
The dancing aunties and grannies phenomenon has become common across China over the past few years and are now even subject to legislation.
In China, the retirement age for the majority of women is set at 50, which means that many are still fit and able when they cease to work.
Many of these retired women see square dancing as a way to exercise and meet friends.
Their obsession for these daily dances have been both lauded and ridiculed in the country.
Most watched News videos
- Dash cam shows car turning into path of van before baby pram death
- Daredevil The Mascot leaps onto slide and belly flops into pool
- Ryan Giggs arrives at Manchester court to face trial
- Rishi Sunak is accused of 'wielding the dagger' by party member
- Ryan Giggs arrives at court for day two of his assault trial
- Large explosions leave damage at Novofedorivka airbase in Crimea
- Ukrainian family have dog stolen six days after arriving in UK
- Kids dangle from railway bridge and dance near live tracks
- Insane moment man jumps off a roof slide and belly flops into water
- Ukraine State Security arrest fugitives and prevent contract killings
- Careless e-scooter rider crashes into a car in Hertfordshire
- Ryan Giggs arrives for third day of domestic assault trial
The comments below have not been moderated.
The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline.
We are no longer accepting comments on this article.


text:
Posted on June 27, 2022
Last week Wednesday (22 June 2022), the National Institute for Communicable Diseases confirmed that the first case of monkeypox in South Africa had been identified in a 30-year-old Gauteng resident who reported no recent travel history and said that contact tracing had begun to identify any additional linked cases of monkeypox in the country. Professor Veronica Ueckermann, from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Pretoria (UP), answers questions you might have about monkeypox:
What is monkeypox and how do you get it?
Monkeypox is a viral infection belonging to the group orthopoxvirus, which presents with a rash very similar to smallpox. Importantly, monkeypox is less serious and less infectious than smallpox. Monkeypox spreads through close contact with persons or contaminated objects. Direct contact with the monkeypox rash and sores or scabs can lead to infection. Contact with fabrics such as bedding or towels used by someone with the infection, or surfaces with which an infected person was in contact, can also lead to infection. Unlike the SARS CoV-2 virus, which had airborne spread, the monkeypox virus spreads through respiratory droplets (such as saliva or mucous) and requires prolonged person-to-person contact to spread in this way.
Why the disease is called 'monkeypox'?
Monkeypox was first isolated in the late 1950s from a colony of laboratory monkeys in Denmark, hence the name. The first human case of monkeypox was identified in the 1970s in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Previously, human monkeypox was mainly reported in West and Central Africa among individuals who were exposed to forest animals. Of late, we have seen cases in non-endemic areas and human-to-human spread in the current outbreak (first reported in Europe in May 2022).
Is monkeypox highly contagious?
Monkeypox is not highly contagious. Prior to the current outbreak, human-to-human spread was rare. Close contact is required for the spread of the virus.
Is monkeypox a sexually transmitted infection?
It is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection; however, the virus does spread through close contact and monkeypox DNA has been detected in semen of infected individuals.
Where is monkeypox typically found?
Monkeypox is endemic to Central Africa and West Africa traditionally. However, since May this year we have seen cases in many non-endemic countries in Europe, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and of course now South Africa.
What are the symptoms of monkeypox?
The symptoms of monkeypox are flu-like, including fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes (glands), chills and exhaustion. The typical rash begins within one to four days of the appearance of these symptoms, but cases have been reported where the rash appears before other symptoms. The rash tends to concentrate on the face, palms of the hands, soles of the feet and genital areas. The rash typically progresses to form vesicles (blisters) that eventually crust over and fall off.
Can people die from monkeypox?
For most people, monkeypox is a self-limiting disease that lasts for two to four weeks. Complications can occur, such as secondary infections. Underlying immune deficiencies may lead to worse outcomes. There have been deaths reported from monkeypox in Central Africa. To date, no deaths have been reported during the outbreak that was first reported in May 2022.
How does monkeypox spread from animals to humans?
It is possible for people to contract monkeypox from animals, either by being scratched or bitten by the animal, or by preparing and consuming products from infected animals. The spill-over from infected animals to humans is rare and currently there is no risk of monkeypox infection from animals in South Africa.
How does monkeypox spread from person to person?
Close contact with infected body fluids, surfaces contaminated by infected people, or linen used by infected people.
Who is at risk of catching monkeypox?
Anyone can develop monkeypox if they come into close contact with a person who has the infection. The disease is contagious from the onset of symptoms to complete resolution of the rash. Many of the cases reported were associated with sexual contact, but this is not the only close contact that can lead to infection.
How can I protect myself and others against monkeypox?
The best way to protect yourself is to avoid contact with infected individuals. Isolation of individuals with the disease until they are no longer infectious is advised to avoid further spread. If you suspect you have monkeypox you should report to a healthcare facility as soon as possible. Good hand hygiene is an important measure to protect yourself. Those caring for infected patients should use personal protective equipment.
Can children get monkeypox?
Children can contract monkeypox.
What should I do if I think I may have monkeypox?
You should stay calm and seek medical attention immediately. The urgency relates to curbing your infectivity to others, rather than the severity of the disease (as most people will have mild, self-limiting illness).
Is there a vaccine against monkeypox, or a treatment for the disease?
There is no vaccine or treatment for monkeypox, and as most infections are mild, treatment is usually aimed at alleviating symptoms. As smallpox and monkeypox are genetically related, antiviral drugs and vaccines that were developed to manage smallpox may be effective for monkeypox. At present, antivirals may be used for people who are at risk of severe illness due to weakened immune systems.
Where in the world is there currently a risk of monkeypox?
There have been outbreaks in many non-endemic areas all over the world and South Africa has now also reported a case. Therefore, you should consider yourself at risk anywhere in the world.
Is there a risk of this becoming a larger outbreak?
The concern with the monkeypox outbreak relates to case reports in 29 countries which are not considered endemic for the disease. The World Health Organization has stated that the monkeypox outbreak does not currently constitute a global public health concern, however, it cautioned that "intense response efforts" are required to curb spread. The outbreak could become larger if we do not diligently apply ourselves in a public-health effort of case-finding, isolation and containment.
Copyright © University of Pretoria 2022. All rights reserved.
COVID-19 Corona Virus South African Resource Portal
To contact the University during the COVID-19 lockdown, please send an email to [email protected]
Click here for frequently asked questions for first year UP students


text:
THE wheels came off a pleasant charity evening for Redbridge Mayor Arthur Leggatt when he and nine other London mayors were stuck for two-and-a-half hours on the London Eye.
The mayor and his wife Rita had been invited by Lambeth Mayor Irene Kimm for the annual event in aid of her nominated charity, Age Concern.
Because it was such a cold night, the mayors and VIPs were ushered straight into their pods, along with a handful of tourists, as soon as they reached the wheel.
Mr Leggatt said: "After about ten minutes we were approaching the top and we came to a halt. We were advised there was a mechanical fault.
"They managed to get it going once and we managed to go a bit further up then it stopped."
Outside, snow began to fall. Inside, with their pod suspended in near darkness 400ft above the Thames, the temperature began to drop.
Wanstead resident and Pearly Queen of the Old Kent Road, Doreen Golding, decided to make the best of a bad job.
She said: "We had hampers of wine so we made sure we drank all that, and when that kicked in we had a nice sing-song to pass the time."
With the tourists looking on, Mrs Golding led the mayors in a rendition of Don't Dilly Dally, Daisy Daisy, and Maybe It's Because I'm A Londoner.
Everybody had plenty of time to have a good look at the view and exchange waves with mayors in the other pods, before at 9.30pm engineers restored power to the wheel and they descended gently to earth.
Managers of the London Eye have written to all the mayors apologising for the problems and offering them free tickets for another ride.
Mr Leggatt said: "There's a possibility in April but I think I have got something on that day."
Mrs Golding added: "If nature had called I don't know what would have happened. You've just got to do your best and hope it's just a computer glitch. You also wonder what if it's a terrorist attack? Oh my God, let's keep singing Maybe It's Because I'm A Londoner.
Comments: Our rules
We want our comments to be a lively and valuable part of our community - a place where readers can debate and engage with the most important local issues. The ability to comment on our stories is a privilege, not a right, however, and that privilege may be withdrawn if it is abused or misused.
Please report any comments that break our rules.Read the rules here
Commments are closed on this article


text:
Air pollution caused by cruise ships docking in Seattle is expected to be reduced by one-third by plugging Princess Cruises' ships into dockside electrical outlets instead of powering the ships by running their diesel engines, officials said yesterday.
Gov. Gary Locke, Mayor Greg Nickels and others gathered at the port to praise the cruise line's action -- part of a program to reduce diesel emissions in Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska and British Columbia.