text:
Articles | Volume 24, issue 4
Research article
23 Apr 2020
Research article | 23 Apr 2020
A new uncertainty estimation approach with multiple datasets and implementation for various precipitation products
Xudong Zhou et al.
Related authors
Menaka Revel, Xudong Zhou, Dai Yamazaki, and Shinjiro Kanae
EGUsphere,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-412,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-412, 2022
Short summary
The capacity to discern surface water improved as satellites became more available. Because remote sensing data is discontinuous, integrating models with satellite observations will improve knowledge of water resources. However, given the current limitations (e.g., parameter errors) of water resource modeling, merging satellite data with simulations is problematic. Integrating observations and models with the unique approaches given here can lead to a better estimation of surface water dynamics.
Xudong Zhou, Wenchao Ma, Wataru Echizenya, and Dai Yamazaki
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1071–1085,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1071-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1071-2021, 2021
Short summary
This article assesses different uncertainties in the analysis of flood risk and found the runoff generated before the river routing is the primary uncertainty source. This calls for attention to be focused on selecting an appropriate runoff for the flood analysis. The uncertainties are reflected in the flood water depth, inundation area and the exposure of the population and economy to the floods.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Feng Zhou, Xuhui Wang, Polcher Jan, Patrice Dumas, Shushi Peng, Laurent Li, Xudong Zhou, Yan Bo, Yi Xi, and Shilong Piao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1133–1150,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1133-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1133-2021, 2021
Short summary
We improved the irrigation module in a land surface model ORCHIDEE and developed a dam operation model with the aim to investigate how irrigation and dams affect the streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River. Results show that irrigation mainly reduces the annual river flow. The dam operation, however, mainly affects streamflow variation. By considering two generic operation rules, flood control and base flow guarantee, our dam model can sustainably improve the simulation accuracy.
Trung Nguyen-Quang, Jan Polcher, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Arsouze, Xudong Zhou, Ana Schneider, and Lluís Fita
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4965–4985,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4965-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4965-2018, 2018
Short summary
This study presents a revised river routing scheme for the Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model. The revision is carried out to benefit from the high-resolution topography provided by the Hydrological data and maps based on SHuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales (HydroSHEDS). We demonstrate that the finer description of the catchments allows for an improvement of the simulated river discharge of ORCHIDEE in an area with complex topography.
Xudong Zhou, Jan Polcher, Tao Yang, Yukiko Hirabayashi, and Trung Nguyen-Quang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6087–6108,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6087-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6087-2018, 2018
Short summary
Model bias is commonly seen in discharge simulation by hydrological or land surface models. This study tested an approach with the Budyko hypothesis to retrospect the estimated discharge bias to different bias sources including the atmospheric variables and model structure. Results indicate that the bias is most likely caused by the forcing variables, and the forcing bias should firstly be assessed and reduced in order to perform pertinent analysis of the regional water cycle.
Menaka Revel, Xudong Zhou, Dai Yamazaki, and Shinjiro Kanae
EGUsphere,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-412,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-412, 2022
Short summary
The capacity to discern surface water improved as satellites became more available. Because remote sensing data is discontinuous, integrating models with satellite observations will improve knowledge of water resources. However, given the current limitations (e.g., parameter errors) of water resource modeling, merging satellite data with simulations is problematic. Integrating observations and models with the unique approaches given here can lead to a better estimation of surface water dynamics.
Xudong Zhou, Wenchao Ma, Wataru Echizenya, and Dai Yamazaki
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1071–1085,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1071-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1071-2021, 2021
Short summary
This article assesses different uncertainties in the analysis of flood risk and found the runoff generated before the river routing is the primary uncertainty source. This calls for attention to be focused on selecting an appropriate runoff for the flood analysis. The uncertainties are reflected in the flood water depth, inundation area and the exposure of the population and economy to the floods.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Feng Zhou, Xuhui Wang, Polcher Jan, Patrice Dumas, Shushi Peng, Laurent Li, Xudong Zhou, Yan Bo, Yi Xi, and Shilong Piao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1133–1150,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1133-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1133-2021, 2021
Short summary
We improved the irrigation module in a land surface model ORCHIDEE and developed a dam operation model with the aim to investigate how irrigation and dams affect the streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River. Results show that irrigation mainly reduces the annual river flow. The dam operation, however, mainly affects streamflow variation. By considering two generic operation rules, flood control and base flow guarantee, our dam model can sustainably improve the simulation accuracy.
Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou, Jan Polcher, Clément Albergel, Emanuel Dutra, Gabriel Fink, Alberto Martínez-de la Torre, and Simon Munier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1973–1994,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1973-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1973-2019, 2019
Short summary
This study investigates the propagation of precipitation uncertainty, and its interaction with hydrologic modeling, in global water resource reanalysis. Analysis is based on ensemble hydrologic simulations for a period of 11 years based on six global hydrologic models and five precipitation datasets. Results show that uncertainties in the model simulations are attributed to both uncertainty in precipitation forcing and the model structure.
Lluís Fita, Jan Polcher, Theodore M. Giannaros, Torge Lorenz, Josipa Milovac, Giannis Sofiadis, Eleni Katragkou, and Sophie Bastin
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1029–1066,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1029-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1029-2019, 2019
Short summary
Regional climate experiments coordinated throughout CORDEX aim to study and provide high-quality climate data over a given region. The data are used in climate change mitigation and adaptation policy studies and by stakeholders. CORDEX requires a list of variables, most of which are not provided by atmospheric models. Aiming to help the community and to maximize the use of CORDEX exercises, we create a new module for WRF models to directly produce them by adding
Ching-Sheng Huang, Ya-Hsin Tsai, Hund-Der Yeh, and Tao Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1323–1337,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1323-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1323-2019, 2019
Short summary
The study develops a new model describing head fluctuation induced by oscillatory pumping test (OPT) in an unconfined aquifer with effects of delayed gravity drainage (DGD) and initial condition regarding the hydraulic head prior to OPT. The DGD reduces to instantaneous gravity drainage when a dimensionless parameter exceeds 500. A pseudo-steady-state model excluding initial condition causes a time-shift from the actual transient model in predicting simple harmonic motion of head fluctuation.
Victor Pellet, Filipe Aires, Simon Munier, Diego Fernández Prieto, Gabriel Jordá, Wouter Arnoud Dorigo, Jan Polcher, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 465–491,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-465-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-465-2019, 2019
Short summary
This study is an effort for a better understanding and quantification of the water cycle and related processes in the Mediterranean region, by dealing with satellite products and their uncertainties. The aims of the paper are 3-fold: (1) developing methods with hydrological constraints to integrate all the datasets, (2) giving the full picture of the Mediterranean WC, and (3) building a model-independent database that can evaluate the numerous regional climate models (RCMs) for this region.
Trung Nguyen-Quang, Jan Polcher, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Arsouze, Xudong Zhou, Ana Schneider, and Lluís Fita
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4965–4985,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4965-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4965-2018, 2018
Short summary
This study presents a revised river routing scheme for the Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model. The revision is carried out to benefit from the high-resolution topography provided by the Hydrological data and maps based on SHuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales (HydroSHEDS). We demonstrate that the finer description of the catchments allows for an improvement of the simulated river discharge of ORCHIDEE in an area with complex topography.
Xudong Zhou, Jan Polcher, Tao Yang, Yukiko Hirabayashi, and Trung Nguyen-Quang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6087–6108,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6087-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6087-2018, 2018
Short summary
Model bias is commonly seen in discharge simulation by hydrological or land surface models. This study tested an approach with the Budyko hypothesis to retrospect the estimated discharge bias to different bias sources including the atmospheric variables and model structure. Results indicate that the bias is most likely caused by the forcing variables, and the forcing bias should firstly be assessed and reduced in order to perform pertinent analysis of the regional water cycle.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Matthieu Guimberteau, Xuhui Wang, Dan Zhu, Fabienne Maignan, Shushi Peng, Shilong Piao, Jan Polcher, Feng Zhou, Hyungjun Kim, and other China-Trend-Stream project members
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5463–5484,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Simulations in China were performed in ORCHIDEE driven by different forcing datasets: GSWP3, PGF, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI. Simulated soil moisture was compared to several datasets to evaluate the ability of ORCHIDEE in reproducing soil moisture dynamics. Results showed that ORCHIDEE soil moisture coincided well with other datasets in wet areas and in non-irrigated areas. It suggested that the ORCHIDEE-MICT was suitable for further hydrological studies in China.
Fuxing Wang, Jan Polcher, Philippe Peylin, and Vladislav Bastrikov
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3863–3882,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3863-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3863-2018, 2018
Short summary
This work improves river discharge estimation by taking advantages of observation and model simulations. The new estimation takes into account both gauged and un-gauged rivers, and it compensates model systematic errors and missing processes (e.g., human water usage). This improved estimation is important not only for water resources management and ecosystem health over continent but also for ocean dynamics and salinity.
Ching-Sheng Huang, Ya-Hsin Tsai, Hund-Der Yeh, and Tao Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-199,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-199, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further reviewShort summary
Short summary
A number of analytical models are presented for the analyses of oscillatory pumping test (OPT). The effects of wellbore storage and initial condition regarding the hydraulic head prior to OPT are commonly neglected in existing models. This study aims to develop a new model describing head fluctuation induced by OPT in unconfined aquifers. The effects are analyzed using the analytical solution of the model. Solution prediction agrees well to head fluctuation data observed at a field experiment.
Emiliano Gelati, Bertrand Decharme, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Marie Minvielle, Jan Polcher, David Fairbairn, and Graham P. Weedon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2091–2115,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2091-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2091-2018, 2018
Short summary
We compared land surface model simulations forced by several meteorological datasets with observations over the Euro-Mediterranean area, for the 1979–2012 period. Precipitation was the most uncertain forcing variable. The impacts of forcing uncertainty were larger on the mean and standard deviation rather than the timing, shape and inter-annual variability of simulated discharge. Simulated leaf area index and surface soil moisture were relatively insensitive to these uncertainties.
Ronny Lauerwald, Pierre Regnier, Marta Camino-Serrano, Bertrand Guenet, Matthieu Guimberteau, Agnès Ducharne, Jan Polcher, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3821–3859,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3821-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3821-2017, 2017
Short summary
ORCHILEAK is a new branch of the terrestrial ecosystem model ORCHIDEE that represents dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production from canopy and soils, DOC and CO2 leaching from soils to streams, DOC decomposition, and CO2 evasion to the atmosphere during its lateral transport in rivers, as well as exchange with the soil carbon and litter stocks on floodplains and in swamps. We parameterized and validated ORCHILEAK for the Amazon basin.
Jaap Schellekens, Emanuel Dutra, Alberto Martínez-de la Torre, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Albert van Dijk, Frederiek Sperna Weiland, Marie Minvielle, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Bertrand Decharme, Stephanie Eisner, Gabriel Fink, Martina Flörke, Stefanie Peßenteiner, Rens van Beek, Jan Polcher, Hylke Beck, René Orth, Ben Calton, Sophia Burke, Wouter Dorigo, and Graham P. Weedon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 389–413,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-389-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-389-2017, 2017
Short summary
The dataset combines the results of 10 global models that describe the global continental water cycle. The data can be used as input for water resources studies, flood frequency studies etc. at different scales from continental to medium-scale catchments. We compared the results with earth observation data and conclude that most uncertainties are found in snow-dominated regions and tropical rainforest and monsoon regions.
Anaïs Barella-Ortiz, Jan Polcher, Patricia de Rosnay, Maria Piles, and Emiliano Gelati
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 357–375,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-357-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-357-2017, 2017
Short summary
L-band radiometry is considered to be one of the most suitable techniques for estimating surface soil moisture (SSM) by means of remote sensing. Brightness temperatures are key in this process, as they are the main input in the retrieval algorithm which yields SSM. This paper compares brightness temperatures measured by the SMOS mission to two different sets of modelled ones. It shows that models and remote-sensed values agree well in temporal variability, but not in their spatial structures.
Yiying Chen, James Ryder, Vladislav Bastrikov, Matthew J. McGrath, Kim Naudts, Juliane Otto, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Peylin, Jan Polcher, Aude Valade, Andrew Black, Jan A. Elbers, Eddy Moors, Thomas Foken, Eva van Gorsel, Vanessa Haverd, Bernard Heinesch, Frank Tiedemann, Alexander Knohl, Samuli Launiainen, Denis Loustau, Jérôme Ogée, Timo Vessala, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2951–2972,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2951-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2951-2016, 2016
Short summary
In this study, we compiled a set of within-canopy and above-canopy measurements of energy and water fluxes, and used these data to parametrize and validate the new multi-layer energy budget scheme for a range of forest types. An adequate parametrization approach has been presented for the global-scale land surface model (ORCHIDEE-CAN). Furthermore, model performance of the new multi-layer parametrization was compared against the existing single-layer scheme.
J. Ryder, J. Polcher, P. Peylin, C. Ottlé, Y. Chen, E. van Gorsel, V. Haverd, M. J. McGrath, K. Naudts, J. Otto, A. Valade, and S. Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 223–245,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-223-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-223-2016, 2016
A. Barella-Ortiz, J. Polcher, A. Tuzet, and K. Laval
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4625–4639,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4625-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4625-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Hydrometeorology | Techniques and Approaches: Uncertainty analysisQuantifying the uncertainty of precipitation forecasting using probabilistic deep learningUnraveling the contribution of potential evaporation formulation to uncertainty under climate changeExploring hydrologic post-processing of ensemble streamflow forecasts based on affine kernel dressing and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm IIChoosing between post-processing precipitation forecasts or chaining several uncertainty quantification tools in hydrological forecasting systemsPerformance of the Global Forecast System's medium-range precipitation forecasts in the Niger river basin using multiple satellite-based productsUncertainties and their interaction in flood hazard assessment with climate changeBias-correcting input variables enhances forecasting of reference crop evapotranspirationUncertainty of gridded precipitation and temperature reference datasets in climate change impact studiesAt which timescale does the complementary principle perform best in evaporation estimation?Uncertainty in nonstationary frequency analysis of South Korea's daily rainfall peak over threshold excesses associated with covariatesAssessment of extreme flows and uncertainty under climate change: disentangling the uncertainty contribution of representative concentration pathways, global climate models and internal climate variabilityThe accuracy of weather radar in heavy rain: a comparative study for Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland and SwedenA crash-testing framework for predictive uncertainty assessment when forecasting high flows in an extrapolation contextRequired sampling density of ground-based soil moisture and brightness temperature observations for calibration and validation of L-band satellite observations based on a virtual realityResponse of global evaporation to major climate modes in historical and future Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulationsCross-validating precipitation datasets in the Indus River basinSelection of multi-model ensemble of general circulation models for the simulation of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature based on spatial assessment metricsAssessment of spatial uncertainty of heavy rainfall at catchment scale using a dense gauge networkInfluence of three phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on daily precipitation regimes in ChinaDual-polarized quantitative precipitation estimation as a function of rangeReconstruction of droughts in India using multiple land-surface models (1951–2015)Relative effects of statistical preprocessing and postprocessing on a regional hydrological ensemble prediction systemExploratory studies into seasonal flow forecasting potential for large lakesEvaluation of multiple forcing data sets for precipitation and shortwave radiation over major land areas of ChinaVerification of ECMWF System 4 for seasonal hydrological forecasting in a northern climateProviding a non-deterministic representation of spatial variability of precipitation in the Everest regionInter-comparison of daily precipitation products for large-scale hydro-climatic applications over CanadaSensitivity of potential evapotranspiration to changes in climate variables for different Australian climatic zonesCharacteristics of rainfall events in regional climate model simulations for the Czech RepublicThe rainfall erosivity factor in the Czech Republic and its uncertaintyHierarchy of climate and hydrological uncertainties in transient low-flow projectionsWillingness-to-pay for a probabilistic flood forecast: a risk-based decision-making gameAssessment of small-scale variability of rainfall and multi-satellite precipitation estimates using measurements from a dense rain gauge network in Southeast IndiaComparing CFSR and conventional weather data for discharge and soil loss modelling with SWAT in small catchments in the Ethiopian HighlandsUncertainties in calculating precipitation climatology in East AsiaMeasurement and interpolation uncertainties in rainfall maps from cellular communication networksCharacterization of precipitation product errors across the United States using multiplicative triple collocationExploring the impact of forcing error characteristics on physically based snow simulations within a global sensitivity analysis frameworkEvaluation of land surface model simulations of evapotranspiration over a 12-year crop succession: impact of soil hydraulic and vegetation propertiesMulti-objective parameter optimization of common land model using adaptive surrogate modelingTesting gridded land precipitation data and precipitation and runoff reanalyses (1982–2010) between 45° S and 45° N with normalised difference vegetation index dataEvaluation of high-resolution precipitation analyses using a dense station networkPrediction of extreme floods based on CMIP5 climate models: a case study in the Beijiang River basin, South ChinaEstimating the water needed to end the drought or reduce the drought severity in the Carpathian regionAlternative configurations of quantile regression for estimating predictive uncertainty in water level forecasts for the upper Severn River: a comparisonComparison of drought indicators derived from multiple data sets over AfricaThe potential of radar-based ensemble forecasts for flash-flood early warning in the southern Swiss AlpsAssessing parameter importance of the Common Land Model based on qualitative and quantitative sensitivity analysisDo probabilistic forecasts lead to better decisions?Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: lessons learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network
Lei Xu, Nengcheng Chen, Chao Yang, Hongchu Yu, and Zeqiang Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2923–2938,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2923-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2923-2022, 2022
Short summary
Precipitation forecasting has potential uncertainty due to data and model uncertainties. Here, an integrated predictive uncertainty modeling framework is proposed by jointly considering data and model uncertainties through an uncertainty propagation theorem. The results indicate an effective predictive uncertainty estimation for precipitation forecasting, indicating the great potential for uncertainty quantification of numerous predictive applications.
Thibault Lemaitre-Basset, Ludovic Oudin, Guillaume Thirel, and Lila Collet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2147–2159,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2147-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Increasing temperature will impact evaporation and water resource management. Hydrological models are fed with an estimation of the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, called potential evapotranspiration (PE). The objectives of this study were (1) to compute the future PE anomaly over France and (2) to determine the impact of the choice of the method to estimate PE. Our results show that all methods present similar future trends. No method really stands out from the others.
Jing Xu, François Anctil, and Marie-Amélie Boucher
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1001–1017,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1001-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1001-2022, 2022
Short summary
The performance of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is compared with a conventional post-processing method of affine kernel dressing. NSGA-II showed its superiority in improving the forecast skill and communicating trade-offs with end-users. It allows the enhancement of the forecast quality since it allows for setting multiple specific objectives from scratch. This flexibility should be considered as a reason to implement hydrologic ensemble prediction systems (H-EPSs).
Emixi Sthefany Valdez, François Anctil, and Maria-Helena Ramos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 197–220,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-197-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-197-2022, 2022
Short summary
We investigated how a precipitation post-processor interacts with other tools for uncertainty quantification in a hydrometeorological forecasting chain. Four systems were implemented to generate 7 d ensemble streamflow forecasts, which vary from partial to total uncertainty estimation. Overall analysis showed that post-processing and initial condition estimation ensure the most skill improvements, in some cases even better than a system that considers all sources of uncertainty.
Haowen Yue, Mekonnen Gebremichael, and Vahid Nourani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 167–181,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-167-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-167-2022, 2022
Short summary
The development of high-resolution global precipitation forecasts and the lack of reliable precipitation forecasts over Africa motivates this work to evaluate the precipitation forecasts from the Global Forecast System (GFS) over the Niger river basin in Africa. The GFS forecasts, at a 15 d accumulation timescale, have an acceptable performance; however, the forecasts are highly biased. It is recommended to apply bias correction to GFS forecasts before their application.
Hadush Meresa, Conor Murphy, Rowan Fealy, and Saeed Golian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5237–5257,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5237-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5237-2021, 2021
Short summary
The assessment of future impacts of climate change is associated with a cascade of uncertainty linked to the modelling chain employed in assessing local-scale changes. Understanding and quantifying this cascade is essential for developing effective adaptation actions. We find that not only do the contributions of different sources of uncertainty vary by catchment, but that the dominant sources of uncertainty can be very different on a catchment-by-catchment basis.
Qichun Yang, Quan J. Wang, Kirsti Hakala, and Yating Tang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4773–4788,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4773-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Forecasts of water losses from land surface to the air are highly valuable for water resource management and planning. In this study, we aim to fill a critical knowledge gap in the forecasting of evaporative water loss. Model experiments across Australia clearly suggest the necessity of correcting errors in input variables for more reliable water loss forecasting. We anticipate that the strategy developed in our work will benefit future water loss forecasting and lead to more skillful forecasts.
Mostafa Tarek, François Brissette, and Richard Arsenault
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3331–3350,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3331-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3331-2021, 2021
Short summary
It is not known how much uncertainty the choice of a reference data set may bring to impact studies. This study compares precipitation and temperature data sets to evaluate the uncertainty contribution to the results of climate change studies. Results show that all data sets provide good streamflow simulations over the reference period. The reference data sets also provided uncertainty that was equal to or larger than that related to general circulation models over most of the catchments.
Liming Wang, Songjun Han, and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 375–386,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-375-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-375-2021, 2021
Short summary
It remains unclear at which timescale the complementary principle performs best in estimating evaporation. In this study, evaporation estimation was assessed over 88 eddy covariance monitoring sites at multiple timescales. The results indicate that the generalized complementary functions perform best in estimating evaporation at the monthly scale. This study provides a reference for choosing a suitable time step for evaporation estimations in relevant studies.
Okjeong Lee, Jeonghyeon Choi, Jeongeun Won, and Sangdan Kim
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5077–5093,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5077-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5077-2020, 2020
Short summary
The uncertainty of the model interpreting rainfall extremes with temperature is analyzed. The performance of the model focuses on the reliability of the output. It has been found that the selection of temperatures suitable for extreme levels plays an important role in improving model reliability. Based on this, a methodology is proposed to quantify the degree of uncertainty inherent in the change in rainfall extremes due to global warming.
Chao Gao, Martijn J. Booij, and Yue-Ping Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3251–3269,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3251-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3251-2020, 2020
Short summary
This paper studies the impact of climate change on high and low flows and quantifies the contribution of uncertainty sources from representative concentration pathways (RCPs), global climate models (GCMs) and internal climate variability in extreme flows. Internal climate variability was reflected in a stochastic rainfall model. The results show the importance of internal climate variability and GCM uncertainty in high flows and GCM and RCP uncertainty in low flows especially for the far future.
Marc Schleiss, Jonas Olsson, Peter Berg, Tero Niemi, Teemu Kokkonen, Søren Thorndahl, Rasmus Nielsen, Jesper Ellerbæk Nielsen, Denica Bozhinova, and Seppo Pulkkinen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3157–3188,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3157-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3157-2020, 2020
Short summary
A multinational assessment of radar's ability to capture heavy rain events is conducted. In total, six different radar products in Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden were considered. Results show a fair agreement, with radar underestimating by 17 %-44 % on average compared with gauges. Despite being adjusted for bias, five of six radar products still exhibited strong conditional biases with intensities of 1–2% per mm/h. Median peak intensity bias was significantly higher, reaching 44 %–67%.
Lionel Berthet, François Bourgin, Charles Perrin, Julie Viatgé, Renaud Marty, and Olivier Piotte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2017–2041,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2017-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2017-2020, 2020
Short summary
An increasing number of flood forecasting services assess and communicate the uncertainty associated with their forecasts. We present a crash-testing framework that evaluates the quality of hydrological forecasts in an extrapolation context. Overall, the results highlight the challenge of uncertainty quantification when forecasting high flows. They show a significant drop in reliability when forecasting high flows and considerable variability among catchments and across lead times.
Shaoning Lv, Bernd Schalge, Pablo Saavedra Garfias, and Clemens Simmer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1957–1973,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1957-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1957-2020, 2020
Short summary
Passive remote sensing of soil moisture has good potential to improve weather forecasting via data assimilation in theory. We use the virtual reality data set (VR01) to infer the impact of sampling density on soil moisture ground cal/val activity. It shows how the sampling error is growing with an increasing sampling distance for a SMOS–SMAP scale footprint in about 40 km, 9 km, and 3 km. The conclusion will help in understanding the passive remote sensing soil moisture products.
Thanh Le and Deg-Hyo Bae
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1131–1143,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1131-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1131-2020, 2020
Short summary
Here we investigate the response of global evaporation to main climate modes, including the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our results indicate that ENSO is an important driver of evaporation for many regions, while the impacts of NAO and IOD are substantial. This study allows us to obtain insight about the predictability of evaporation and, hence, may help to improve the early-warning systems of climate extremes.
Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Michael Herzog, and Cameron A. Petrie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 427–450,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-427-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-427-2020, 2020
Short summary
The amount of precipitation falling in the Indus River basin remains uncertain while its variability impacts 100 million inhabitants. A comparison of datasets from diverse sources (ground remote observations, model outputs) reduces this uncertainty significantly. Grounded observations offer the most reliable long-term variability but with important underestimation in winter over the mountains. By contrast, recent model outputs offer better estimations of total amount and short-term variability.
Kamal Ahmed, Dhanapala A. Sachindra, Shamsuddin Shahid, Mehmet C. Demirel, and Eun-Sung Chung
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4803–4824,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4803-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4803-2019, 2019
Short summary
This study evaluated the performance of 36 CMIP5 GCMs in simulating seasonal precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature over Pakistan using spatial metrics (SPAtial EFficiency, fractions skill score, Goodman–Kruskal's lambda, Cramer's V, Mapcurves, and Kling–Gupta efficiency) for the period 1961–2005. NorESM1-M, MIROC5, BCC-CSM1-1, and ACCESS1-3 were identified as the most suitable GCMs for simulating all three climate variables over Pakistan.
Sungmin O and Ulrich Foelsche
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2863–2875,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2863-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2863-2019, 2019
Short summary
We analyze heavy local rainfall to address questions regarding the spatial uncertainty due to the approximation of areal rainfall using point measurements. Ten years of rainfall data from a dense network of 150 rain gauges in southeastern Austria are employed, which permits robust examination of small-scale rainfall at various horizontal resolutions. Quantitative uncertainty information from the study can guide both data users and producers to estimate uncertainty in their own rainfall dataset.
Aifeng Lv, Bo Qu, Shaofeng Jia, and Wenbin Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 883–896,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-883-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-883-2019, 2019
Short summary
ENSO-related changes in daily precipitation regimes are currently ignored by the scientific community. We analyzed the anomalies of daily precipitation and hydrological extremes caused by different phases of ENSO events, as well as the possible driving mechanisms, to reveal the influence of ENSO on China's daily precipitation regimes. Our results provide a valuable tool for daily precipitation prediction and enable the prioritization of adaptation efforts ahead of extreme events in China.
Micheal J. Simpson and Neil I. Fox
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3375–3389,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3375-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3375-2018, 2018
Short summary
Many researchers have expressed that one of the main difficulties in modeling watershed hydrology is that of obtaining continuous, widespread weather input data, especially precipitation. The overarching objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive study of three weather radars as a function of range. We found that radar-estimated precipitation was best at ranges between 100 and 150 km from the radar, with different radar parameters being superior at varying distances from the radar.
Vimal Mishra, Reepal Shah, Syed Azhar, Harsh Shah, Parth Modi, and Rohini Kumar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2269–2284,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2269-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2269-2018, 2018
Sanjib Sharma, Ridwan Siddique, Seann Reed, Peter Ahnert, Pablo Mendoza, and Alfonso Mejia
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1831–1849,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1831-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1831-2018, 2018
Short summary
We investigate the relative roles of statistical weather preprocessing and streamflow postprocessing in hydrological ensemble forecasting at short- to medium-range forecast lead times (day 1–7). For this purpose, we develop and implement a regional hydrologic ensemble prediction system (RHEPS). Overall analysis shows that implementing both preprocessing and postprocessing ensures the most skill improvements, but postprocessing alone can often be a competitive alternative.
Kevin Sene, Wlodek Tych, and Keith Beven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 127–141,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-127-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-127-2018, 2018
Short summary
The theme of the paper is exploration of the potential for seasonal flow forecasting for large lakes using a range of stochastic transfer function techniques with additional insights gained from simple analytical approximations. The methods were evaluated using records for two of the largest lakes in the world. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance of the results to operational flow forecasting systems for other large lakes.
Fan Yang, Hui Lu, Kun Yang, Jie He, Wei Wang, Jonathon S. Wright, Chengwei Li, Menglei Han, and Yishan Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5805–5821,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5805-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5805-2017, 2017
Short summary
In this paper, we show that CLDAS has the highest spatial and temporal resolution, and it performs best in terms of precipitation, while it overestimates the shortwave radiation. CMFD also has high resolution and its shortwave radiation data match well with the station data; its annual-mean precipitation is reliable but its monthly precipitation needs improvements. Both GLDAS and CN05.1 over mainland China need to be improved. The results can benefit researchers for forcing data selection.
Rachel Bazile, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Luc Perreault, and Robert Leconte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5747–5762,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5747-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5747-2017, 2017
Short summary
Meteorological forecasting agencies constantly work on pushing the limit of predictability farther in time. However, some end users need proof that climate model outputs are ready to be implemented operationally. We show that bias correction is crucial for the use of ECMWF System4 forecasts for the studied area and there is a potential for the use of 1-month-ahead forecasts. Beyond this, forecast performance is equivalent to using past climatology series as inputs to the hydrological model.
Judith Eeckman, Pierre Chevallier, Aaron Boone, Luc Neppel, Anneke De Rouw, Francois Delclaux, and Devesh Koirala
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4879–4893,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4879-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4879-2017, 2017
Short summary
The central part of the Himalayan Range presents tremendous heterogeneity in terms of topography and climatology, but the representation of hydro-climatic processes for Himalayan catchments is limited due to a lack of knowledge in such poorly instrumented environments. The proposed approach is to characterize the effect of altitude on precipitation by considering ensembles of acceptable altitudinal factors. Ensembles of acceptable values for the components of the water cycle are then provided.
Jefferson S. Wong, Saman Razavi, Barrie R. Bonsal, Howard S. Wheater, and Zilefac E. Asong
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2163–2185,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2163-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2163-2017, 2017
Short summary
This study was conducted to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of the errors associated with various gridded precipitation products in Canada. Overall, WFDEI [GPCC] and CaPA performed best with respect to different performance measures, followed by ANUSPLIN and WEDEI [CRU]. Princeton and NARR demonstrated the lowest quality. Comparing the climate model-simulated products, PCIC ensembles generally performed better than NA-CORDEX ensembles in terms of reliability in four seasons.
Danlu Guo, Seth Westra, and Holger R. Maier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2107–2126,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2107-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2107-2017, 2017
Short summary
This study assessed the impact of baseline climate conditions on the sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration (PET) to a large range of plausible changes in temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed at 30 Australian locations. Around 2-fold greater PET changes were observed at cool and humid locations compared to others, indicating potential for elevated water loss in the future. These impacts can be useful to inform the selection of PET models under a changing climate.
Vojtěch Svoboda, Martin Hanel, Petr Máca, and Jan Kyselý
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 963–980,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-963-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-963-2017, 2017
Short summary
The study presents validation of precipitation events as simulated by an ensemble of regional climate models for the Czech Republic. While the number of events per season, seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events and the distribution of rainfall depths are simulated relatively well, event maximum precipitation and event intensity are strongly underestimated. This underestimation cannot be explained by scale mismatch between point observations and area average (climate model simulations).
Martin Hanel, Petr Máca, Petr Bašta, Radek Vlnas, and Pavel Pech
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4307–4322,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4307-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4307-2016, 2016
Short summary
The paper is focused on assessment of the contribution of various sources of uncertainty to the estimated rainfall erosivity factor. It is shown that the rainfall erosivity factor can be estimated with reasonable precision even from records shorter than recommended, provided good spatial coverage and reasonable explanatory variables are available. The research was done as an update of the R factor estimates for the Czech Republic, which were later used for climate change assessment.
Jean-Philippe Vidal, Benoît Hingray, Claire Magand, Eric Sauquet, and Agnès Ducharne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3651–3672,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3651-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3651-2016, 2016
Short summary
Possible transient futures of winter and summer low flows for two snow-influenced catchments in the southern French Alps show a strong decrease signal. It is however largely masked by the year-to-year variability, which should be the main target for defining adaptation strategies. Responses of different hydrological models strongly diverge in the future, suggesting to carefully check the robustness of evapotranspiration and snowpack components under a changing climate.
Louise Arnal, Maria-Helena Ramos, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Hannah Louise Cloke, Elisabeth Stephens, Fredrik Wetterhall, Schalk Jan van Andel, and Florian Pappenberger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3109–3128,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3109-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3109-2016, 2016
Short summary
Forecasts are produced as probabilities of occurrence of specific events, which is both an added value and a challenge for users. This paper presents a game on flood protection, "How much are you prepared to pay for a forecast?", which investigated how users perceive the value of forecasts and are willing to pay for them when making decisions. It shows that users are mainly influenced by the perceived quality of the forecasts, their need for the information and their degree of risk tolerance.
K. Sunilkumar, T. Narayana Rao, and S. Satheeshkumar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1719–1735,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1719-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1719-2016, 2016
Vincent Roth and Tatenda Lemann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 921–934,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-921-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-921-2016, 2016
Short summary
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) suggests using the CFSR global rainfall data for modelling discharge and soil erosion in data-scarce parts of the world. These data are freely available and ready to use for SWAT modelling. However, simulations with the CFSR data in the Ethiopian Highlands were unable to represent the specific regional climates and showed high discrepancies. This article compares SWAT simulations with conventional rainfall data and with CFSR rainfall data.
J. Kim and S. K. Park
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 651–658,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-651-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-651-2016, 2016
Short summary
This study examined the uncertainty in climatological precipitation in East Asia, calculated from five gridded analysis data sets based on in situ rain gauge observations from 1980 to 2007. It is found that the regions of large uncertainties are typically lightly populated and are characterized by severe terrain and/or very high elevations. Thus, care must be taken in using long-term trends calculated from gridded precipitation analysis data for climate studies over such regions in East Asia.
M. F. Rios Gaona, A. Overeem, H. Leijnse, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3571–3584,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015, 2015
Short summary
Commercial cellular networks are built for telecommunication purposes. These kinds of networks have lately been used to obtain rainfall maps at country-wide scales. From previous studies, we now quantify the uncertainties associated with such maps. To do so, we divided the sources or error into two categories: from microwave link measurements and from mapping. It was found that the former is the source that contributes the most to the overall error in rainfall maps from microwave link network.
S. H. Alemohammad, K. A. McColl, A. G. Konings, D. Entekhabi, and A. Stoffelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3489–3503,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3489-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3489-2015, 2015
Short summary
This paper introduces a new variant of the triple collocation technique with multiplicative error model. The method is applied, for the first time, to precipitation products across the central part of continental USA. Results show distinctive patterns of error variance in each product that are estimated without a priori assumption of any of the error distributions. The correlation coefficients between each product and the truth are also estimated, which provides another performance perspective.
M. S. Raleigh, J. D. Lundquist, and M. P. Clark
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3153–3179,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3153-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3153-2015, 2015
Short summary
A sensitivity analysis is used to examine how error characteristics (type, distributions, and magnitudes) in meteorological forcing data impact outputs from a physics-based snow model in four climates. Bias and error magnitudes were key factors in model sensitivity and precipitation bias often dominated. However, the relative importance of forcings depended somewhat on the selected model output. Forcing uncertainty was comparable to model structural uncertainty as found in other studies.
S. Garrigues, A. Olioso, J. C. Calvet, E. Martin, S. Lafont, S. Moulin, A. Chanzy, O. Marloie, S. Buis, V. Desfonds, N. Bertrand, and D. Renard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3109–3131,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3109-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3109-2015, 2015
Short summary
Land surface model simulations of evapotranspiration are assessed over a 12-year Mediterranean crop succession. Evapotranspiration mainly results from soil evaporation when it is simulated over a Mediterranean crop succession. This leads to a high sensitivity to the soil parameters. Errors on soil hydraulic properties can lead to a large bias in cumulative evapotranspiration over a long period of time. Accounting for uncertainties in soil properties is essential for land surface modelling.
W. Gong, Q. Duan, J. Li, C. Wang, Z. Di, Y. Dai, A. Ye, and C. Miao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2409–2425,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2409-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2409-2015, 2015
S. O. Los
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1713–1725,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1713-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1713-2015, 2015
Short summary
The study evaluates annual precipitation (largely rainfall) amounts for the tropics and subtropics; precipitation was obtained from ground observations, satellite observations and numerical weather forecasting models. - Annual precipitation amounts from ground and satellite observations were the most realistic. - Newer weather forecasting models better predicted annual precipitation than older models. - Weather forecasting models predicted inaccurate precipitation amounts for Africa.
A. Kann, I. Meirold-Mautner, F. Schmid, G. Kirchengast, J. Fuchsberger, V. Meyer, L. Tüchler, and B. Bica
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1547–1559,Short summary
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1547-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1547-2015, 2015
Short summary
The paper introduces a high resolution precipitation analysis system which operates on 1 km x 1 km resolution with high frequency updates of 5 minutes. The ability of such a system to adequately assess the convective precipitation distribution is evaluated by means of an independant, high resolution station network. This dense station network allows for a thorough evaluation of the analyses under different convective situations and of the representativeness error of raingaue measurements.
C. H. Wu, G. R. Huang, and H. J. Yu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1385–1399,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1385-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1385-2015, 2015
T. Antofie, G. Naumann, J. Spinoni, and J. Vogt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 177–193,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-177-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-177-2015, 2015
P. López López, J. S. Verkade, A. H. Weerts, and D. P. Solomatine
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3411–3428,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3411-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3411-2014, 2014
G. Naumann, E. Dutra, P. Barbosa, F. Pappenberger, F. Wetterhall, and J. V. Vogt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1625–1640,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1625-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1625-2014, 2014
K. Liechti, L. Panziera, U. Germann, and M. Zappa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3853–3869,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3853-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3853-2013, 2013
J. Li, Q. Y. Duan, W. Gong, A. Ye, Y. Dai, C. Miao, Z. Di, C. Tong, and Y. Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3279–3293,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3279-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3279-2013, 2013
M. H. Ramos, S. J. van Andel, and F. Pappenberger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2219–2232,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2219-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2219-2013, 2013
N. Peleg, M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2195–2208,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, 2013
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Sun, Q., Miao, C., Duan, Q., Ashouri, H., Sorooshian, S., and Hsu, K. L.: A Review of Global Precipitation Data Sets: Data Sources, Estimation, and Intercomparisons, Rev. Geophys., 56, 79–107, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000574, 2018. a
Tapiador, F. J., Turk, F. J., Petersen, W., Hou, A. Y., Garcia-Ortega, E., Machado, L. A. T., Angelis, C. F., Salio, P., Kidd, C., Huffman, G. J., and de Castro, M.: Global precipitation measurement: Methods, datasets and applications, Atmos. Res., 104–105, 70–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.021, 2012. a
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1, 2012 (data available at: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip5/, last access: 18 April 2020). a
Tebaldi, C., Arblaster, J. M., and Knutti, R.: Mapping model agreement on future climate projections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23701, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049863, 2011. a
Xie, P., Janowiak, J. E., Arkin, P. A., Adler, R., Gruber, A., Ferraro, R., Huffman, G. J., and Curtis, S.: GPCP pentad precipitation analyses: An experimental dataset based on gauge observations and satellite estimates, J. Climate, 16, 2197–2214, https://doi.org/10.1175/2769.1, 2003 (data available at: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.cmap.html, last access: 18 April 2020). a, b
Xie, P., Chen, M., Yang, S., Yatagai, A., Hayasaka, T., Fukushima, Y., and Liu, C.: A Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation over East Asia, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM583.1, 2007 (data available at: http://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/precip/CPC_UNI_PRCP/, last access: 18 April 2020). a, b
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This article proposes a new estimation approach for assessing the uncertainty with multiple datasets by fully considering all variations in temporal and spatial dimensions. Comparisons demonstrate that classical metrics may underestimate the uncertainties among datasets due to an averaging process in their algorithms. This new approach is particularly suitable for overall assessment of multiple climatic products, but can be easily applied to other spatiotemporal products in related fields.
This article proposes a new estimation approach for assessing the uncertainty with multiple...


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Early Bird
To your mental health
Tips for nurturing resilience and growth in 2021.
By Anna-Lisa Wick
December 1, 2020
The events of the past nine months could be described as heart-wrenching for many of the people who seek care at the Health Center at Auraria – death of loved ones due to COVID-19, the shock of financial insecurity, political unrest and the trauma of systemic and violent racism are all part of our campus community's lived 2020 experience.
Intensely painful or exceptionally joyful news leads to the release of hormones that may heighten the intensity of our emotions and attention. In response, it is not uncommon for a person to be able to recall relatively inconsequential details from the day they learned of a loss or received profoundly exciting news, such as one's exact location, clothing worn, the weather, smells in the environment, etc.
Within each of us exists a lifetime of such emotional memories. Many of us will carry forward a particularly dense and salient patchwork from 2020.
One definition of resilience is the ability to recover quickly or "bounce back" in the face of difficult, frightening challenges. Resilience is often characterized by openness and flexibility vs. rigidity and fragility. It is noteworthy that resilience cannot exist without experiencing hardship.
Many paths to resilience
There is research identifying qualities and behaviors of people who find resilience, and it is important to remember there are many paths to adapting and finding stable ground to move forward.
- Awareness: Finding resilience is not akin to ignoring the suffering of 2020; it begins with mindful acknowledgment of our suffering. The words of Thich Nhat Hanh, "Look deeply and listen with compassion," seem a particularly appropriate framework for our interactions with ourselves and others. Giving ourselves permission to experience nonjudgmentally all emotions (even painful ones) is a fundamental step in our ability to move through suffering and find openness toward our future.
- Taking inventory and gratitude: As we experience suffering, we are often propelled to take inventory of our lives, and this can lead to an elevated understanding of our values, priorities and vision for the future. Taking inventory can lead to a flourishing of gratitude. Gratitude is a virtue that allows us to celebrate and find joy today vs. longing for what was or aching for something different.
- Developing a narrative: For some, writing about their experience(s) can be orienting and heighten clarity.
- Social connectedness: There is inherent value in identifying our support systems and allowing them to be there for us during this time. Data also supports the role of community in finding resilience. Creating connection will require intention and creativity, given the unprecedented barriers in social connectedness.
- Functional rebounding and structure: Resilience leads to an ability to reclaim one's role within their network of family, friends, work and community. The foundation for functional rebounding often begins with a renewed focus on nourishing ourselves:
- Setting a sleep schedule
- Committing to daily movement
- Eating more whole foods (the Mediterranean diet has the most evidence for supporting mental health)
- Practicing mindfulness by creating space for rest, observing/being rather than doing.
Aim to be flexible and adaptive while prioritizing these anchors.
- Resilience leading to growth: If you are looking for a place to begin the process of reflection, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory can be a valuable tool in understanding the impact of 2020.
In closing, this year has been challenging, and humans are certainly a resilient bunch. Many Roadrunners and members of our community have gained hard-earned wisdom from 2020, and resiliency can move us toward a space of gratitude and courage in 2021.
Topics: Health, Health Center at Auraria, Mental HealthEdit this page


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Katara International Arabian Horse Festival
The Auction of Katara International Arabian Horse Festival second edition (KIAHF 2022) took place at the Katara Esplanade on Monday evening, presenting 38 horses from the oldest farms and stables in the State of Qatar with a broad participation of horse owners.
The auction was attended by HE President of Qatar Football Association Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Ahmed Al-Thani, FIFA President Gianni Infantino, dignitaries, horse owners, breeders and equestrian sport lovers.
The auction event was held amidst strict precautionary measures in compliance with the safety standards followed in the country to prevent the spread of coronavirus with all social distancing measures being followed.
Commenting on KIAHFs successful staging, General-Secretary of KIAHF Organizing Committee Malika Mohammed Al Shraim said that equestrian is one of the most important sports for which Qatar provides great support, as it has worked tirelessly to implement international standards in the championships it organizes, which made it a global and distinctive sporting destination for horse owners and breeders and horse lovers who are looking for distinctive championships that contribute to preserving the authentic Arab heritage, and raise the name of Qatar high and make the nation proud in the equestrian field.
She added that the Katara International Arabian Horse Festival is one of the most important sporting events and seeks to protect the rich equestrian heritage through the diversity of its activities related to horses and equestrian sports, art and culture.
For his part, Nasser bin Sherida Al Kaabi of Qatar Racing and Equestrian Club, praised the professional organizational level of the KIAHF auction, which witnessed a qualitative and distinguished participation of the most prominent purebred Arabian horse breeds, noting that the beginning of the auction achieved great success amid great keenness by horse owners.
He added that the Katara International Arabian Horse Festival is one of the largest international festivals concerned with show horses, and witnesses a large presence of the best and most prestigious international horses, stressing that the festival wrote for itself a certificate of success thanks to the great cooperation between the constituent bodies of the organizing committee, foremost of which is the Katara Cultural Village Foundation.
He noted that the vision of the auction is based on the State of Qatar becoming a global center for Arabian horse auctions, the most ancient and of the highest quality, and promoting a culture of interest in auctions to participate in the championships of purebred Arabian horses that are organized locally and internationally. The auction also aims to provide an opportunity for interested owners, breeders and lovers of Arabian horses. Thoroughbreds, to acquire the best horses, especially that the horses offered in the auction are of the finest types and have previously won international and regional championships.
KIAHF is organized by Cultural Village Foundation, Katara, in association with Qatar Equestrian and Modern Pentathlon federation, Qatar Racing and Equestrian Club, and Qatar Foundation. The 11-day festival has a total prize QAR 17,083,500.
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Qatar ranks number one most peaceful country in Arab World


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The actress's car caught fire after crashing at high speed into a house in Los Angeles
american actress Anne Heche, 53, is hospitalized in critical condition after the vehicle in which she was traveling crashed into a house in the city of Los Angeles, according to local media reports such as CNN, the TMZ portal and Fox 32. The interpreter was at the controls of a blue Mini Cooper that went off the road and started a fire when it hit a house at high speed. The Los Angeles Fire Department took more than an hour to gain access to the vehicle after first dousing the flames.
Luckily, no one was where the car entered until it stopped and caught fire, as the firefighters were able to verify.
Related news
Heche rose to fame in the late 1980s with her portrayal of Vicky Hudson and Marley Love on the soap opera 'Another World' and established herself in Hollywood with the movies 'Donnie Brasco' (1997), 'volcano' (1997), 'I Know What You Did Last Summer' (1997), 'Six days and seven nights' (1998).
The actress had a famous relationship with presenter Ellen DeGeneres. Their romance, the first in Hollywood between two famous lesbians, made them one of the couples most persecuted by photographers since they announced their love in 1997 until they broke up in 2000. The end of that relationship coincided with the decline of Heche's popularity. She later married and had a son with cameraman Coleman Laffon whom she separated years later to join actor James Tupper with whom she had another son.


text: PlansForHope Posted February 5, 2011 Report Share Posted February 5, 2011 Freedog;Kay gave you some great suggestions; you need to really get connected here again when you let yourself get into that place of self pity; pride; & arrogant attitude! I'm attaching an excellent post that Kimberly wrote to another passive husband; hope this will encourage you to FINALLY start learning how to REALLY live, act, speak like a Christlike husband to Crystal!And please get back on the call tonight, that is one thing your wife has been asking that you make a priority; you KNOW that is something that will bless her; and help you learn! Kimberly's post: "When you understand principles, you can walk in God's truth. That is the purpose here that knowing and applying the truth sets you free...it sets your marriage on a course to restoration. The ONE thing that separates the men from the boys in life as well as in the Kingdom of God is CHOICE. You are not a helpless victim who has no power or control over your decisions. One of the greatest life principles there is, is that....YOU HAVE AN OBEDIENCE. Obedience means that, You have a part in the grand scheme of things in God's will for your life. That is how much God loves you and believes in you. He knows you CAN because God has given you ALL things in your relationship with Christ. I am going to explain things to you as simply as I possibly can. There are two things in this life that every person wants to know and brings them peace. Two questions that every human heart wants answered. Answers that can make sense of the senseless and the hurt, the loneliness, of longing to be loved for who we are. (1) Why do I do what I do? How did I get this way? How do I change once I realize my way of doing things is wrong? Can I really change by being a good husband? (2) What is the ANSWER? Is there a SOLUTION? How do I go about implementing the truth once I have the solution? Is there some way I can actually walk out becoming a mature man of God? How do I become a Christ-like man? These questions in every human heart are ALL answered for you here. Pray and ask God to help you believe and take to heart the truth of His Word about your marriage and HOW that all works together to give you and your Bride an amazing and beautiful life together. WHY? Because tucked inside the pages of God's Word is the answer to changing. Tucked inside the most beautiful relationship on earth is the way to grow up. God has made it simple. And there is even a reward for a man who will choose His ways. The reward is the response of a Bride's heart. It is her response of loving you for loving her. And not only that, but God's will is to re-create you into a new person in Christ. God is re-writing your history. God is opening up, for the first time in your life, a new beginning, a new path, a new place in God's Kingdom where you will know life and joy and His destiny for you. God needs you. He needs you to trust His Word of truth to you. That is all. That is why Jesus says, behold (look and see) ALL things are becoming new. You do your part and He will do the rest. Why am I like this? Yes, IN THE PAST, you were hurt and wounded. That very wounding led to you trying to figure out how not to be hurt again. In your family of origin you learned different ways of handling life, handling hurt, handling relationships. Because we are all fallen and sinful people...we learned some of the wrong ways of coping with hurt. You took on wrong behavior and thinking patterns to make life bearable. This led to your Arrested Development. You learned to deal with life and relationships from an immature place....choosing behavior that is not healthy and thereby, not Godly or Christ-like. By repeating over and over again these sinful choices, you became a sinful man who hurt others. Arrested Development is something that actually happened in your brain. It is like you are frozen in time at the point of your pain. Why? Because our brain is an amazing machine!! It is the central and core part of us as human beings and the place of our will or soul. His Word says, As a man thinks in his heart, SO IS HE. There are brain synapses that connect to each other. There should have been a steady flow of balanced and healthy chemicals being carried through those connections and helping us grow and become mature. Many of those synapses shriveled up and died, leaving gaping disconnects in our thinking and emotions. Our mind, will and emotions are our soul. It is also the seat of our affections or our heart or desire. Everything inside of us is interconnected to how we think about what we FEEL. That is how we make choices (will) and what we decide to do with that. The part of us that influences our soul is our SPIRIT MAN. That is where God's Spirit dwells in us and is alive in us. He helps us and empowers us and convinces to walk in the truth. He reveals truth to us so that we can choose it over our soulish choices. You are paralyzed at the points of your childhood traumas at the very age they occurred which left you at a certain emotional age. Since most of us were very young when trauma happened, we get stuck in a rut. We act out of our emotional age which is immature and childish. That is all we know. It is all we learned. It does help to know why. When we know why then we can change it. When God comes along and says, It is not your fault that you were hurt and a victim of your childhood....it lifts off of you a heavy burden. The problem arises when you want to use that victimization as an excuse NOT to get past it and grow up. That is why people fall short of the glory of God. They stay in that broken place and clench their fists around their immaturity. They do not know that there is a way to be free, a way to be saved from their immaturity. Instead they camp out in being a victim and hold onto their past. BUT the cloud is moving. The GLORY is heading toward the Promised Land. There is a way for our minds to be changed and new synapses created that leads to right thinking. Right thinking leads to right choices. Right choices REPEATED over and over again leads to eternal change. Since you are a Christian man, those changes line up with God's truth and His will for your life. God knows we are all broken in our our childhoods. He knew that sending Jesus would be the answer for us to be able to be healed and whole. When we accept Christ and ask Him into our broken lives...then we begin the process of growing up into all things, even Christ. We all start out as a child of God and babes in Christ. We grow up though if we know how. We become perfect, holy, and mature. We reflect Christ's imageWe RE-present Him to those around us (first to our wife and children)We are LIKE Him We act and think like Him...you have the mind of Christ The confusion often happens because though we are immature in our emotions, we grew in stature and intellectually. So the battle is is on our minds. Our minds have to be renewed and matured. We filter our actions or choices through our emotions and those events. That is why we talk about so much your emotional age. BUT, we CAN mature and be renewed by the transforming (metamorphosis) of our minds and thoughts. We can choose against immaturity by doing the opposite mature action. Every time you do that you grow and change. This is HOW you change, This is the answer right here. It is also the hope. We are not stuck. We are not victims!! We can love and be loved in return. For a husband in a marriage relationship....that is the pathway to your changes. You are not out there all by yourself. Marriage gives you the perfect environment to practice loving, practice good, practice righteousness. When you were a child you thought and acted like a child, but when you become (or becoming...process), you are an adult, mature, or a MAN....then you SEE or behold your new man, that man who is like Jesus. That man who SEES face to face in love and intimacy with God and others. (1 Corinthians 13) You were broken. As WE ALL ARE. We get that. Broken people hurt. They grasp at behaviors that they think will get them to feel accepted and loved. They do things to stay in control because the hurt inside makes them feel out of control. In your case, you choose the place of safety and hiding from connecting in relationships. It is too scary for you to really take a risk at loving. This is what passive men do. You were never created by God, however to be PASSIVE. Passivity is NOT healthy nor Godly. It has nothing to do with being mature but rather immature and destroys others and yourself. By being PRO-ACTIVE (giving into a need), the opposite of passivity, passivity is broken off of you. Because of your PAST pain and wounds, you had to survive it by finding some way, any way to feel good and comfortable. Yet, your waydoes not work.. God has given you a different way to be a man. He has given you very simple truth that when you obey it, it brings about the creation of the best relationship in your marriage and then effects your children and ALL relationships in your world. HOW? Here is the HOPE...... You are NOT doomed to a life of failure or NOT being loved. You are NOT meant to be powerless and helpless. You are NOT meant to stay the same. You are NOT created by God to drown in your hurt and carnal man. There is a WAY. There is truth that still SETS YOU FREE. You CAN MATURE. You can be a MAN. You can grow up into all things in Christ. This is what this Ministry teaches you to do to get out of your pit...out of that place you feel stuck in. To get you out of the addictions, the old patterns of behavior that are hurting you and robbing your life....AND THE LIFE OF YOUR FAMILY. For Satan comes to kill, rob and destroy you. Jesus came to bring you life and that more abundantly (overflowing to others). Here comes the truth. It is not a program. It is not a bunch of Helpers trying to convince you of some lame answer. There is a solution to your problems. Every human being needs HOPE and an answer. All of your life you have been looking for one. These are GOD'S PRINCIPLES....THIS IS GOD'S TRUTH. God has a way out of your hurt and pain. God has a love to give you so powerful that you can heal your wife and you also get healed. When you act right in the present....and you can see the results of doing it God's way then you want to repeat that behavior. When you do that you become a different person. A person you are satisfied with and can look in the mirror at. It is a beautiful picture of Salvation right there at your fingertips. You CAN become a truly good man, a righteous man and a loving man. God has given you ONE simple answer. LOVE your wife. If you can learn to love outside the walls you hide behind. If you will choose to love just one wife with everything you have...you WILL CHANGE. I know that it seems too simple. The truth is not complicated. I understand that DOING it may FEEL hard. That is only because you are so familiar with that old man and his behavior that it is easier to choose what you are used to. Let me tell you....just because something is familiar does not make it right. It does not make it the truth. The enemy of your soul, your self-preservation, the patterns of behaving from your past are ALL a LIE. All God is asking you is to step into the light. Let God shine the truth into your life. Let God show you through your wife all the places inside of you that are a lie. God knows that all of those lies are hurting you also. He does not want you to stay wounded and alone inside of those lies. It does not make sense to stay out in the cold. It does not even make common sense to hold onto behaviors that are destructive to yourself and those around you. That is WHY God gave a help-meet suitable for you. She is your helper. She helps you sort out the good from the bad. She helps you sift through the behavior and beliefs you cling to that are hurting you and hurting her. The reason you do not like it is because it is your selfish man...your old man, your carnal man that puts up a fight. Your Arrested development is telling you to live out of your immature emotions. All that is is pride and ego screaming that it knows better than God. Just let it go. It has not worked so far has it? The proof and evidence is that the beliefs and choices you have made all your life are still leaving you hurting, frustrated and lonely. Men put up their pride to look like they have it all together They put forth an agenda to protect themselves from being exposed or humbled They act arrogantly and like a know-it-all so others can not see their insecurities They control to make sure they get what they THINK will make them happy If you are really honest you would admit that you KNOW it isn't working. You KNOW you are broken inside and scared cause you never had a real answer that worked. That at the end of the day...you know something is wrong with you. There is!! If a man can just acknowledge that...if he will sell himself out for Jesus and take on God's way of doing life then he is farther in that surrender than he has ever been before in staying in resistance. God is good...He made sure you were not ALONE to figure it out. She is a gift to you. You are not alone to figure all of this out. That is why God said, It is NOT good for the MAN to be ALONE. God wants to bring you to a place where you believe in yourself, that your good feelings come from being a good man....a man who pleases Jesus Christ by loving others. That is your ANSWER. When you die to believing your childish thoughts and choose to do the mature thing in the present with your wife...guess what happens? You grow up and the new way or God's way of doing things becomes a part of you. You actually become different and changed. Your thinking changes and you now have the mind of Christ. You do NOT want any longer to go back to that old man because now you KNOW and can see that God's way works. Who would want to go back to the old way? No one. You are created to be an INITIATOR. All this means is that your life is spent and poured out on others. You are a GIVER. You look for hearts to pour into. You as a husband look to everyday of your life to give into your wife. When you give love then you change. You become a MAN. Giving love is the ONE, perfect and surest way to act masculine. Giving is actually what makes you a man. Isn't that amazing? Every time you REACT or let your FEELINGS(responses) get the best of you....you are no longer walking in masculinity. What you have done is take on the feminine side of God. Your wife is the one in a marriage relationship to be FEMININE...NOT YOU. It does not fit right and it leads to relationship problems. Yet, this is NOT where the Lord wants you to stay. Forgetting those things which are behind....it is now time to press forward. WHY? Because there is an ANSWER, A SOLUTION TO ALL OF YOUR HURT AND SIN.....JESUS. The way a man presses forward is to be take on the mind of Christ concerning his marriage relationship. God has told you HOW to do this. Husbands, lay down your life and GIVE it for her. JUST AS...or LIKE Christ laid His life down for His Bride, the Church. Here is the answer to your change and maturity. Your obedience to loving unselfishly changes you as a man. This is one of the divine and eternal reasons for the Covenant relationship of marriage. Just like we are in a New Covenant relationship with Jesus Christ, our Heavenly Bridegroom. He gave His life for you. He choose against selfishness and went to the Cross. Jesus did NOT respond or react....Like a lamb led to the slaughter, he opened not his mouth. Interestingly, He cried out to His Source of life and strength and talked to the Father about His agony...Jesus NEVER poured that on His Bride. He only longed for her heart to respond to His love for her. He did not react to those around him who were murdering Him. He loved them by choosing that Cross. He did not try and get out of dying for His Bride but He embraced it because it brought Him joy knowing we would be loved by the Father. Now, Jesus only asks you to pick up your Cross and follow His example of loving in a way that gives of itself for the benefit of a Bride. Jesus is NOT asking you to physically die but to die to your ways of protecting yourself by acting out destructive behavior. In other words, dying to your passive behavior in your marriage. It feels like dying because it is what you used to think was your life force and kept you in control. But having control over a wife is not healthy or obeying God. Only loving unselfishly is the true act of a mature man. I pray this helps you understand why you act the way you do and how, by being a loving husband, is the answer to your own wounds being healed, your immaturity and wrong thinking being changed and becoming the son of God He predestined and chose you would BECOME. In this you please the Father's heart. He will say, Well done thou good and faithful servant...enter into your rest. Love never fails. It IS the answer. He promises. God gave you the matchless gift of being married. He chose you for each other. When you say, YES to Him, I will love my Bride, Lord....then you will understand what true love is. You will understand the Father's love for you even in deeper ways. You will get closer to God because you will be reaching out to Him to fill you with His Spirit to be able to love. Therefore, your relationship with God will get closer. Your relationship to your wife will change forever. When you love like Jesus loves.....you become LIKE HIM. Blessings of revelation and power to walk in truth all of your days...with all of your heart. Kimberly" Quote Link to post Share on other sites


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The fastest growing export markets for Ball Bearings of Kazakhstan between 2018 and 2019 were Russia ($8.33M), Ukraine ($5.73M), and Latvia ($310k). Imports In 2019, Kazakhstan imported $92M in Ball Bearings, becoming the 44th largest importer of Ball Bearings in the world. At the same year, Ball Bearings was the 113th most imported product in ...Get Price


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"Mike is one of the kindest and greatest guys I've been ever worked with. Perhaps it is not only worth mentioning his amazing musical skills, but also he had the disposition for giving advise on other topics. I had ..."
"What can I say about Mike? He takes his time. But he does it for a reason. He will work with you until you are absolutely happy with your mix/master. I would highly recommend this engineer to anyone. He will take..."
"Matty was recommended to me and it was the best thing getting in touch with him. He has rare qualities - an amazing musican, producer, sound engineer, intuitive, responsive, interpretative and understanding. I cannot ..."
"Kain was an absolute delight to work with. He was professional, and was able to get the masters back to me very quick. Due to my neurotic nature, I had a few tweaks I wanted to make (due to my unbalanced mixes more ..."
"It was a pleasure to work with Maor, we got a good sound as a result of. I can say it was clearly, just in time,responsibly, with a professional approach. Thank you."
"Amazing & Super talented .... extremely dedicated :) Thankyou so much "
"Thanks Robert, this was a easy and good collaboration."
"Tom is a very skilled engineer who delivers professional and creative work. He managed to complete work as per requirements in a very short time with excellent results. Great communication also. Highly recommended!"


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Burg Taufers
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Burg TaufersPhoto: Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA, Wikimedia Commons
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This tour of cultural history and scenic beauty takes us from Taufers Castle across meadows and through forests to the Reinbach waterfalls.
The tour leads along the Ahr, past Taufers Castle and offers a beautiful view of the Dolomites. After a challenging single trail, we can enjoy a ...
Nice views of the Tauferer Ahrntal valley are granted to us on this tour. The many trails make the loop around Sand in Taufers an experience.
Mountain bike tour from Sand in Taufers up to Klein Jöchl
Nice hike in the Tauferer Ahrntal valley, leading to the Reinbach waterfalls and Taufers Castle.
A crisp and airy via ferrata in the best rock directly above the village of Sand in Taufers.
First we hike to the thundering Reinbach waterfalls. Then we explore the medieval castle that towers over Sand in Taufers.
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Burg Taufers
Special features
- 8 Routes nearby
This tour of cultural history and scenic beauty takes us from Taufers Castle across meadows and through forests to the Reinbach waterfalls.
Biketour Taufer-Rain-Kameljoch-Saller Sattel-Antzholz Bruneck
Scenically, this long mountain bike tour is a highlight. We cross several valleys and have fantastic views of the Dolomites and the Hohe Tauern.
Experience nature and culture, flora and faunaExperience hike around Sand in Taufers.
Of flora and fauna, myths and legends Themes of flora, fauna, geology and legends are covered, the adventure trail leads past waterfalls and a castle.
Aussichtsreiche Runde zu Kirchen, Wasserfällen und Burgen bei Sand in Taufers. Auch bei nicht so gutem Wetter machbar.
eine Rundwanderung über dem Ahrntal mit Einkehr am Roanerhof mit sehr guter Küche
Eine ca 3-stündige abwechslungsreiche Wanderung mit wenigen steilen Waldstrecken, für die ausreichend Kondition und Trittsicherheit erforderlich ist.
- 8 Routes nearby


text:
Seven Child Migrants from Britain, Bindoon, 1948, courtesy of Christian Brothers Institution Albums 1 & 2 (Holy Spirit Collection).
Seven boys from Britain who came to Bindoon as child migrants are seen here in a happy group.
Last updated: 5 August 2022
Cite this: https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/ref/wa/objects/WD0000131.htm
First published by the Find & Connect Web Resource Project for the Commonwealth of Australia, 2011
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License


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