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The History Lessons In Bodybuilding
The physical culture of muscle-building has attracted followers for many years; well before the advent of competitive bodybuilding as we know it today.
Followers of the iron game will know that bodybuilding in its popular form began in earnest in the 1890s with the arrival of Mr Eugene Sandow, of whom the Mr. Olympia statuette is modelled on.
However, weight-training, as a general athletic activity, was initially practiced as a means to gain strength and measure power in ancient Egyptian and Greek societies. These societies would primarily use stones of various sizes and weights (a practice that would occur, in one form or another throughout history) in their quest for bodily transformation. The celebration of the human body through muscular development was, in fact, one of the Greek ideals.
Physical culture (distinguishable from bodybuilding per se due to the lack of specific physical display as an end goal) can be traced back to 11th century India where stone dumbbell weights, known as Nals, were lifted by those wanting to develop their bodies to enhance health and stamina to help overcome the challenges of daily life. Gyms were commonplace in India during this period and by the 16th century weight-training is thought to have been India's national pastime.
There was to be a long period between the 16th century physical movement in India and the beginning of bodybuilding (defined as training and dieting to develop ones body specifically for exhibitive purposes) as we know it today.
The Early Period:
Toward the end of the 19th century, weight-training took on a new meaning for many, as the ancient tradition of stone-lifting, practiced initially by the Greeks and Egyptians, made way for a completely new system of training, with a new end-goal. Weight-lifting for entertainment purposes emerged in Europe signalling the beginning of a physical culture never before seen.
The intention was not to develop ones physique into a glorious spectacle per se, but to thrill crowds with amazing feats of strength – the professional strongman was the outcome of this intensified interest in weight-training. The modern sport, as it was becoming, of weight-lifting was somewhat of a natural evolution from the comparatively primitive practice of stone-lifting in dark, dank dungeons.
Not surprisingly, weight-lifting exponentially grew in popularity so much so that today the practices during the early period of 1890 to 1929 would seem, at best, archaic. The practices of the late 19th century strongmen included issuing challenges to fellow strongmen to see who could out-lift the other as they travelled from town to town.
Other practices included pulling carts and lifting animals, much to the amusement of onlookers. In fact, the public loved to watch these men compete, possibly for the novelty value if nothing else. How their physiques looked did not factor into these men's displays of physical prowess. Indeed, a protruding stomach and thick, fatty limbs were commonplace among these competitors.
Symmetry and aesthetics were a foreign concept at this point. However, as the 20th century approached, a man who was to bridge the gap between the overweight and unsightly strongman and the bodybuilder as we know him today was to emerge.
Officially know as the first famous bodybuilder and the father of modern bodybuilding, Eugene Sandow (born Friedric Muller), born 1867, immediately became a phenomenon with his unprecedented combination of muscle quality and strength. He became a turn-of-the-century physical cultural icon who is referred to as one of bodybuilding's greatest even in today's climate of genetic freaks.
Before the emergence of Sandow, proponents of physical culture were trying to find new ways to promote healthy lifestyles in line with the new phenomenon of weight-training for the sake of physical demonstration. Tired of the overweight strongman image with its lack of emphasis on correct eating and high body-fat levels, they were looking for a representative who could promote the chiseled physique, and the subsequent ways of achieving this look. They found their man in Sandow.
Sandow himself started out in Europe as a professional strongman, outdoing all other strongmen to make a name for himself. He travelled to America in the1890s to be billed as the worlds strongest man, travelling the country impressing people with his extraordinary feats of strength.
The most amazing thing about Sandow, however, was his beautifully symmetrical and densely muscular physique, which eventually positioned him as the first real bodybuilder and promoter of bodybuilding. Indeed, Sandow published the first bodybuilding magazine (Physical Culture), developed some of the first bodybuilding machinery, an appeared in numerous books and postcards, while continuing to tour America posing to sell-out audiences.
While Sandow continued to promote bodybuilding, weight-lifting contests were officially held for the first time with the World Championships and England in 1891. Weight-lifting was also featured in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, Athens Greece. Due to Sandow's influence, sales for barbells and dumbbells increased by a wide margin and a whole bodybuilding industry was created, with Sandow earning thousands of dollars a week.
Sadly, Sandow suffered a fatal brain hemorrhage when, according to legend, he tried to pull his car from a ditch in the interests of physical display. Sandow's legacy lives on in the increasing popularization of bodybuilding as a sport into the 21st century. In fact, Sandow judged the first bodybuilding contest ever held and his image is immortalized on the current Mr. Olympia statuette.
The First Bodybuilding Contest Ever Held
The first bodybuilding show, staged in 1891 and billed "The Great Show", was developed and promoted by none other than the great Eugene Sandow.
After popularizing bodybuilding though frequent strength exhibitions and posing displays across Europe and America, Sandow, 34, decided, after three-years of planning, that the time was right. He would provide all Sandow students in the U.K with the opportunity to display their physiques in a competition setting replete with a full judging panel and paying audience.
The contest was advertised three-years in advance in the first edition of Sandow's Magazine to promote the further spread of physical display and pride in ones physique. "To afford encouragement to those who are anxious to perfect their physiques" was the statement issued and many enthusiasts took this sentiment to heart as exemplified by the large turn-out of contestants and sell-out crowd of 2000.
The total prize money came to 1'000 guineas, which equated to more than $5000 at the time. First place would receive the equivalent of $2,500 and a gold Sandow statuette, while second and third would take home silver and bronze statuettes respectively.
In order to compete in this contest of contests, all competitors first had to have placed in a smaller regional show (a bold move on Sandows part at the time). However, this system proved viable and on Saturday, September 14, 1901, England's Royal Albert Hall was packed to overflowing with spectators and competitors. Sandow believed in giving his audience their money's worth and provided various athletic displays as a form of pre-competition entertainment.
These displays included wrestling, gymnastics, and fencing and, at their completion, the real athletes, the bodybuilders, made their entrance. The bodybuilders, of which there were 60, marched to the beat of Sandow's own composition, The March of the Athletes, wearing the required costume: black tights, black jockey belt and leopard skins.
As for the physiques, the paying public were highly impressed. One journalist remarked "to stand in these men's ranks is a distinction".
The judging criteria was stringent and Sandow made it clear that points would be awarded for attributes other than sheer size. Indeed, Sandow was looking for symmetrically even development – the qualities that many say are overlooked in bodybuilding today.
The Qualities Sandow Looked For Were:
General development.
Equality or balance of development.
The condition and tone of the tissues.
General health.
Condition of the skin.
The man judged to have had the right combination of all of these qualities was William L Murray of Nottingham Great Britain, who took hame the gold Sandow and the title: Winner Of The World's First Big Bodybuilding Contest.
Following this contest, bodybuilding culture became increasingly widespread. Many entrepreneurs seized upon the notion of physical development and began distributing bodybuilding equipment and literature. Bernarr Macfadden, who became referred to as the father of physical culture, sold his popular chest expander and went on to become one of the greatest physical identities on the early 20th century.
He published one of the first bodybuilding magazines, Physical Culture, and eventually became the most successful magazine publisher ever. In 1921, Macfadden helped to push another major protagonist for the physical movement in the form of Charles Atlas into the spotlight.
Well developed for that time, but smooth and underdeveloped by today's standards, Atlas (Real name Angelo Siciliano) became immensely popular and, through his standing as an expert on physical development, acquired the rights to a mail-order course called dynamic tension, an exercise system developed by Macfadden 20 years earlier.
The advertisements featuring the young man getting sand kicked into his face, only to retreat into a world of physical self-development, and eventually turn the tables on his bullying perpetrator, served as inspiration for many who took up bodybuilding upon seeing them. This advertisement is thought to be part of the most successful advertising campaign in history.
By the end of the 1920s, barbells, dumbbells and various other exercise devices were sold the world over as the general public grew to acknowledge the importance of becoming fit and strong. Famous bodybuilders were becoming household names and bodybuilding contests were being held frequently. Bodybuilding finally broke free of the association with weight-lifting for the purposes of getting strong, and became, for many, a worthwhile pursuit in its own right.
The Culture Solidifies:
As the bodybuilding movement progressed into the 1930s, adherents were becoming more interested in developing balanced physiques and losing body-fat as training techniques and new developments in exercise equipment advanced. The 30s were the beginning of what is affectionately know as the golden age of bodybuilding, where gyms and the associated practices of training in groups and posing in front of mirrors become commonplace among followers.
On the California Coast, weight-lifting on the beach front became very popular among both amateur and professional bodybuilders. The most famous of these hang-outs was situated in Santa Monica and called Muscle Beach.
Bodybuilding competition intensified when the AAU (the Amateur Athletic Union) established the Mr America in 1939, where participants, although not strictly bodybuilders, were required to demonstrate athletic skills. These competitors were advised to get into the best possible shape to increase their chances of winning, and the more they trained specifically to improve their bodies, the bigger the weight-training emphasis became.
By 1940, the first modern bodybuilding event had arrived, the Mr America, which was won by John Grimek, who won it the following year also. Grimek, unparalleled in muscular development up until that point, became the catalyst for a new direction in physical improvement. As bodybuilding became more popular the quality of physique improved.
With physiques arguably more impressive than Grimek, Clancy Ross and Steve Reeves made their mark in the 40s. Ross won the America in 1945 and many believe him to have been the first modern bodybuilder, although at this time bodybuilding was still regarded with scepticism by many.
However, Steve Reeves came along and further popularised bodybuilding due to his movie star looks and perfectly proportioned physique. Reeves eventually became revered as the greatest bodybuilder of all time after winning the Mr America and the Mr Universe (the other big contest to have sprung up in light of the success of the America). He went on to become one of the first heroic movie stars gaining a fan base of thousands.
Other bodybuilders, such as Reg Park, followed Reeves example and became great champions. Bodybuilding was truly developing at an exponential rate with the IFBB (the International Federation of Bodybuilders) being formed by Ben Weider in 1946 and NABBA (the National Amateur Bodybuilders Association) being formed in England in 1950.
The first large-scale bodybuilding competitions were held by these organisations: the Mr. Olympia in 1965 by the IFBB and the Mr Universe in 1950 by NABBA. The 1960s marked the period the most influential bodybuilder of all time would make his mark. Arnold Schwarzenegger beat Dennis Tinereno for the Mr America title in 1967 and immediately began dominating the international competition. He would go on to win the Universe on five occasions and Mr. Olympia seven times.
The Mr. Olympia had been won first by Larry Scott in 1965, who went on to win again in 66. Sergio Oliva won in 1967, 68 and 69. Arnold cemented his spot as the number one bodybuilder in the world by winning the Olympia for the next five years straight and again in 1980. He would also conquer the movie world, earning a Hollywood star.
As bodybuilding increased in popularity into the 1970s, Arnold and other superstars such as three-time Mr. Olympia winner Frank Zane, Dave Draper and Mike Mentzer became household names. The movie industry often specifically targeted muscular actors such was the marketability of this type of physique. As the muscular body became more desirable, the gym industry gained momentum and the industry as a whole became lucrative.
In the 1970s, the IFBB rose to prominence as the dominant bodybuilding organisation. Toward the end of this period, the IFBB consisted of more than 100 member countries and had become the sixth largest sporting federation in the world.
Bodybuilding was regarded as a legitimate sport, had become a multi-billion-dollar-industry and had adherents in all major countries.
Bodybuilding's Recent History:
1980-Present Time
By the 1980s, bodybuilding had become a very popular sport with great cross-over appeal. Film stars and athletes from many sports were increasingly using bodybuilding to improve their marketability and performance. Actors like Sylvester Stallone (Editor's Note: Check back soon for an inteview with Stallone!) and Chuck Norris had become noticeably more muscular as had athletes Ben Johnson and Carl Lewis, for example.
The practices of weight-training and dieting, so central to the bodybuilding ethos, had clearly been adopted by mainstream society to increase profile and enhance performance.
Competitive bodybuilders were also becoming more muscular as an increasing emphasis on size dictated a more extreme approach to physical development. Anabolic steroids had been used during the 60s, and their use correspondingly increased as bodybuilding grew in popularity.
Prize money, sponsorships and endorsements had increased due to the growth of the bodybuilding industry and had become a major motivating factor for many entering the sport.
A general trend in aesthetics and balance gave way to a mass at all costs approach and top place getters generally were those carrying the most size, especially into the 90s and beyond 2000.
Although steroids were used prior to the 80s, the stacking of various types of steroid (using more than one at any one time) and use of dangerous growth hormones and insulin were becoming commonplace as the 80s drew to a close.
Amateurs and professionals alike engaged in this disturbing trend with the intention of making a name for themselves and increasing their earning potential.
Indeed, with the increase in competing bodybuilders came increased competition among these athletes.
This would mean a great bodybuilder would have to become greater to distance themselves from the closest rival, who would be taking the same extreme approach to developing their physique.
As the 90s approached, the quality of physique improved due to advances in training techniques, dietary strategies and, yes, drugs. The 80s witnessed the rise of Lee Haney, who won seven Mr. Olympia's. His physique at around 240lbs had surpassed any other bodybuilder up until that point.
When he retired, Haney had beaten Arnolds record of six Olympia's and, in the eyes of many, surpassed him in terms of muscular development.
Other notable bodybuilders of this period were Lee Labrada, (one of the few successful under 200lb professional bodybuilders due to his classical symmetry and presentation skills), Vince Taylor, Shawn Ray and Mike Quinn. Shawn Ray would go on to compete throughout the 90s, placing highly in every Olympia he entered.
The 90s could truly be defined as the era where competitors demonstrated a leap forward in terms of muscle mass. Dorian Yates won five Mr. Olympia's (between 1992 and 1997) and heralded a new benchmark in mass at 265lbs ripped.
In fact, all professional bodybuilders of this era demonstrated a distinctly different, more massively defined, physique to that of the 80s, as extreme practices prevailed. And just when everyone thought that Yates had redefined the massive physique, along came a man who would surpass him by at least 20lbs.
Current Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman routinely competes at around 290lbs and has taken the competition physique beyond what was, up until 10-years-ago, thought possible. Co-competitors Jay Cutler and Dexter Jackson also compete light years ahead of anything seen throughout the 80s and 90s.
Legendary bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger played an active role in bodybuilding's development throughout the 90s and beyond. He began promoting the Arnold Schwarzenegger Classic bodybuilding championships in 1989, a contest that gradually incorporated other fitness-related events to become one of the most popular athletic events in the world.
In the 90s, Arnold became the Chairman for the Presidents Council on Fitness and used bodybuilding-related practices to inspire the American public to get fit and active.
Bodybuilding also became popularised through various media publications, most notably Muscle and Fitness (spawned from 60s publication Muscle Builder and Power) which hit the stands in 1980 and its offshoot Flex magazine, released in 1983. Originally owned by Weider Publications, these magazines are now under the ownership of America Media Inc (AMI), who also publish the National enquire and Star (Read the full story here).
The fact that a media company the size of AMI have bought these publications underscores the monumental impact bodybuilding has made since its inception. These publications continue to promulgate the bodybuilding lifestyle while promoting the current crop of champions who continue to inspire many to begin the quest for physical perfection.
In 2004, Arnold Schwarzenegger became the executive editor of both Muscle and Fitness and Flex Magazine, magazines he appeared on the cover of 30 and 20 times respectively.
Media across the board have seized the opportunity to capitalize on bodybuilding's success. Pay-per-view have broadcast the Mr. Olympia while programs promoting the bodybuilding lifestyle such as Cory Everson's show on ESPN gained momentum.
The Internet has also exploded with thousand of bodybuilding sites, many very professionally done, with worldwide followings. Bodybuilding.com ranks as probably the biggest and best of these, with thousand of articles and information on all aspects of the sport.
Bodybuilding clearly has come a long way since its primitive beginnings, back in the early 1890s. It popularity can not be denied and it will continue to grow if its current rate of growth is anything to go by. However, with the number of professional shows increasing coupled with the availability of an increasing array of sophisticated performance enhancing drugs (and other substances such as synthanol and implants (Lou Feriggno) the actual sport of bodybuilding will probably continue to be characterized as a curiosity of physical extremes.
On the other hand, bodybuilding also has a growing natural movement where competitors compete free of potentially harmful substances and enjoy corresponding health benefits.
Arnold @ The 2004 Mr. Olympia Contest With Ronnie Coleman.
Ultimately, the practices of weight-training and eating a balanced diet, central to bodybuilding success at all levels, will enhance the lives of many. In this respect, bodybuilding can be seen in a positive light, as a beneficial sport.
On the competitive side, many bodybuilders will continue to use drugs to enhance their chances of winning. As to the future of the sport, time will tell.


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Villaverde, Fuerteventura | Sold €299,000
Property Description
SOLD - VENDIDO - This spacious detached villa for sale is in a tranquil rural village location approx. a 10-15 minute drive to the centre of Corralejo.
It has 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a bright and spacious lounge-dining area with amazing views to the sea and Lanzarote, a semi-separate kitchen, and utility area.
The 2 bedrooms have fitted wardrobes while the master bedroom boasts a huge walk-in wardrobe and enjoys an en-suite bathroom. The front terrace is fitted with a wooden pergola to keep you cool while enjoying the panoramic mountain views.
This gated property also comes with lots of exterior space for anything you fancy to make this your dream home in the sun. It is on the market now for EUR 299,000 (was EUR 380,000).
Contact us now for more information or to arrange a viewing.
NOTE: Interior photos are for illustration purposes only and may not represent the actual furnishings thereat.
These particulars are believed to be correct but their accuracy is not guaranteed nor do they form part of any contract.
Property Type: Villa
Plot Size: 1128m2
Build Size: 130m2
- 3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms
- Enjoys lovely views
- Spacious with loads of potential
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subset: commoncrawl


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Restaurant Recap: Gravitas
by Annie
When your birthday falls during Winter Restaurant Week, it's a sure sign from the D.C. food gods that you ought to treat yourself to a normally pricy prix fixe meal. We hopped in Ubers and headed out to Ivy City for a meal at Gravitas.
Gravitas is housed in a former tomato-packing space in the up-and-coming neighborhood. With lots of natural light, greenery, whitewashed brick walls and two levels for dining, the vibe feels distinctly Scandinavian with room to spread out.
Chef Matt Baker (formerly of City Perch) designed a frequently-changing menu which we'd describes as mid-Atlantic eclectic. Personally, we found the inspiration for the menu is a little confusing, missing cohesion, though it might have just been because of the Restaurant Week specials. Diners for regular dinner service can choose from a multi-course customizable menu. And were were pleased to see such an emphasis on vegetable-forward dishes.
After hearty glasses of Anne-Amie Pinot Noir, we started with homemade focaccia and cornbread with honey butter and a seaweed butter. Both were light, nice starts to what ended up being a mixed-bag of a meal.
Feeling adventurous, we tried to choose the most inventive dishes that were available. As such, our first courses were fried romanesco with pickled veggies and pomegranate seeds, and a coconut-curry rice cake topped with Brussels sprouts. The fried romanesco had some interesting textures to it, but the pickled veggies added so much acid that they overpowered every other bite. The coconut-curry with Brussels sprouts was a brilliant flavor combination that we haven't tasted before — we only wish that the rice cake wasn't so bland.
We were informed that the truffle gnocchi was one of the most popular items on the menu during Restaurant Week and it was easy to see why. Light, fluffy gnocchi balanced with rich truffle and warm cheese. We just wish that the portion was a bit bigger.
The arctic char was beautifully plated and well-cooked. The portion here was more appropriate for a second course, but not enough for an actual entree.
For dessert we opted for the bread pudding with cinnamon ice cream and rich chocolate. It is presented as a stick, but we thought it might be better served in a ramekin as a proper pudding, since the flaky outside didn't add much to the dish. But the flavors were spot on and we ate it all anyway.
Far better was the grapefruit granita, served with lychee sorbet, and rose gelatin. We agreed that if you ditched the Jello (it's tough to eat when everything else just melts in your mouth,) you'd have a perfect dessert. It was inventive, unusual and the perfect palate cleanser at the end of the meal.
Overall, the portions were appropriate for a five-course meal, but not the three-courser we had during Restaurant Week.
Gravitas just needs a few small tweaks, but Chef Matt Baker is definitely onto something special. The menu is frequently changing, so keep an eye on this one. We'll be sure to come back when they launch brunch!


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Will self-motivated authors take over the publishing industry? Can traditional publishers survive? Are traditional publishers fighting to stay traditional? Are digital books taking over printed books? Is self-publishing now an acceptable phrase?
Do authors even need publishers anymore?
The purpose of this blog is to feed you information, so you can formulate a plan and develop your author career. Forget about what you think is the best way to publish. Open your mind to every option available.
Are digital books taking over printed books?
82% of digital consumers still read print. Authors (and publishers) want readers to believe digital is taking over, because it costs very little to produce. In fact, that is why we have eBooks in the first place, because printing became costly. The days of publishers shipping out 60,000 books and having 30,000 of them returned are coming to an end, along with authors storing a thousand books in their garage.
But that does not change how people want to read books. Consumers will purchase a Playstation3, Wii, Xbox, and video games. Nevertheless, board games are still a billion dollar industry. The same logic can be applied to digital and print. Readers want both, despite how much it costs to print.
Who controls the publishing industry: Traditional Publishers, Self-Publishers, or Untraditional Authors?
I'm sure traditional publishers are sick of hearing that they are dinosaurs and will soon be extinct. On the other hand, traditional publishers know that they can still pluck successful authors from the self-publishing world. The reason is simple: An author can only take his/her career so far. Eventually, the author will need help.
Why are authors succeeding without traditional publishing? I remember just three years ago, self-publishing was still unacceptable for bookstores and the publishing world. Now, self-publishing is the "testing grounds" for authors. If you can write entertaining books, market and sell, then prove that by succeeding, traditional publishers want you.
At that point, the author should consider expanding his/her network by signing with a traditional publisher.
You may have heard, "Authors have to do more than write books. Authors need to market their books as well." But that's not a new concept. In the 1800's, Charles Dickens wrote plays and went on reading tours with hundreds of stops to market and sell his books. Dickens wanted to build relationships with his readers and connect with business people that could help him become even more successful. Every year, he came up with new ideas to bring readers closer to him.
Charles Dickens used publishing to expand, but still, he worked hard on his own. Today, we have social media to build relationships and network with those in the publishing industry. Also, we have several options to package books and sell them.
Problems for Traditional Publishing (and Self-Publishing Businesses)
Authors have become more successful at building relationships with readers. Check out the Facebook Fan Pages for midsize traditional publishers and self-publishers, then compare that to author fan pages. In most cases, the author has more fans. Why? Because the author can be more personable with fans. It's almost like a new generation of author compared to the old school nature of publishers.
But in all fairness to the publishers, it's easier to build a relationship "Person-to-Person," (Author-to-Reader) than it is "Business-to-Person." (Publisher-to-Reader.)
Just remember that literary agents and traditional publishers want to thrive and are willing to change with the times. No matter what, agents and publishers need authors to succeed. Everyone in the publishing industry, including authors, is going through an adjustment period. One traditional publisher said, "Disruption makes us stronger." A better quote would have been, "Disruption makes us think differently."
New ways of thinking produces creative ideas.
Authors love being creative and will use their powerful imagination for both writing and marketing, which is why an author can succeed in this new publishing world.
How many times have I said, "Think of your readers first in everything you do. That includes your books, blogs, Facebook posts, Tweets, and eNewsletters." Authors can easily make that adjustment, looking outward, rather than expecting the readers to come flocking. However, traditional publishers had always expected the readers to purchase books, which means, publishers had been looking inward. But can you blame them? They are a business and need to earn profits. Honestly, I do not have a problem with that.
The value of traditional publishing is their network of contacts and resources, which every author can use. Also, traditional publishers take over some areas for authors, like editing and formatting the books. That gives the author more time for reading, writing, and relationship building. The process may take longer, but authors are rushing books into the market these days. I think everyone needs to take a deep breath and slow down.
Nevertheless, you can be successful using traditional publishers, self-publishers, eBooks, and Untraditional Publishing. All these opportunities benefit the career author.
By the way, do we still need literary agents?
Traditional publishers are doing everything they can to make sure they do not fail with an author, so contracts are always changing to benefit the publisher, more than the author. A traditional publisher cannot sink fifty grand into your career without having a few safeguards in place. A literary agent will help find the best traditional publisher for you, but also make sure the contract is fair and reasonable. Also, literary agents have their own network, which will benefit the author.
You do not have to use traditional publishers, but I guarantee if you build your audience and a traditional publisher comes calling, you will consider expanding your career. You will have to continue doing what made you successful in the first place, but a traditional publisher will reach stores and readers that you could not do on your own.
One last thing. AMAZON IS STILL NOT A MARKETING PLAN. (Sorry for the caps, but I felt it was necessary.)
Use every kind of publishing, every social media tool, every library and bookstore, every gift you have hidden deep inside of you, and use all content to benefit your readers. Traditional publishing, self-publishing, eBooks, and Untraditional Publishing can all bring value to your career.
When all else fails, keep it simple…
Read. Write. Build Relationships. Publish.
Ron Knight
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We Don't Know What's Going On With Kendall & Kylie ATM But It's Kinda Worrying Us
14 September 2016, 15:59 | Updated: 4 December 2017, 11:10
Kendall is NOT happy with Kylie at the moment...
Something weird is going on between Kendall and Kylie Jenner.
And no, not that they have both been genetically blessed, but they seem to be arguing a lot and it's kinda stressing us out.
> 8 Of The Most Important Make Up Looks From The SS17 Runways & FROW So Far
We know, we know, sisters are meant to drive you crazy but we're so used to seeing these two being BFF's that we don't know what to do when they argue.
Anyone who has a sister will know that they are basically designed to steal your clothes, use your new make-up before you get around to it and tell your Mum everything you don't want to know. Turns out, that's no different when you're mega famous.
Because, yes, Kendall Jenner has had enough of Kylie Jenner for two reasons…
Reason 1.
Kendall Jenner went on a bit of a rant on her app about styling her style.
"Since Monica styles most of us, it's funny to see which sister actually gets credit. Since Kylie is such a street-style girl, people always think she started something - so annoying, lol. I wore a ripped rocker tee with my bralette one day and she did the same thing the very next! We've always been at war over clothes, haha!", she wrote.
We feel ya, Kenny.
Don't worry, it's not all bad news because Kendall did pay her younger sister one compliment by saying, "Kylie always had it together".
Reason 2.
Everyone knows that Kylie is basically the Queen of Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat… you name a social media platform and she's there, completely nailing it.
But, it seems that one person who isn't her biggest fan when it comes to her social accounts is Kendall.
Talking about when they were on holiday for Kylie's birthday, Kendall revealed to Allure, "I was just zoning out, taking it all in. And Kylie wouldn't put her phone down. I'm like, "That's so crazy to me that you're not experiencing this. That was the moment it kind of clicked for me. And I didn't like it. So sometimes I delete Instagram or Twitter or Snapchat off my phone for a couple of days".
Again, we completely get it. When we're on holiday we OBVIOUSLY have to post the obligatory 'hotdogs or legs' selfie and the standard 'Happy Monday' Snapchat of a gorgeous sunrise, but we do tend to try and enjoy our time away too.
Turns out though, it's not just her younger sister that Kendall has this issue with. She continued that she finds "it offensive if you're with someone at a dinner and they're just sitting on their phone the whole time. I take that personally. Like, am I not interesting enough for you to talk to me? It's so crazy because even though we talk about trying to be present, everyone wants to be in the future now".
Note to self: don't use phone or social media around Kendall.


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Federal safety agencies and poison control centers have continuously expressed concern that the ever-popular, and convenient detergent pods are extremely dangerous to children, with more than 17,000 kids being poisoned by ingesting the detergent since they came on the scene three years ago. Today, the House and Senate took steps to ensure the single-serve detergent packs no long threaten childrens' safety by introducing legislation that would enact stricter packaging standards for liquid detergent. [More]
poison control
Legislation Aims To Make It Harder For Kids To Snack On Yummy-Looking Detergent Pods
Handing Prescription Bottles Full Of M&Ms To Kids Is A Very Bad Idea
It was one thing when a company selling products for babies handed out fake prescription bottles full of candy to bloggers who could, theoretically, bring them home to their children. Teaching kids that amber and white bottles contain candy is a terrible idea. Yet one college professor skipped the intermediary and handed out pill bottles filled with M&Ms directly to children, angering their parents and other community members. [More]
CDC: Kids Sure Do Love Chewing On, Getting Sick From Detergent Pods
It's no secret that little kids like bright, shiny colorful things, and that curiosity compels them to place these objects in their mouths. But since most children under the age of five are not yet versed in the possible harms of household chemicals, lots of them are popping bright, shiny colorful detergent pods into their waiting maws. [More]
Schering-Plough Cares That Your Pet Ate Your Claritin
Dogs are wonderful creatures to have in your life, but they have a serious vice. They like to eat things that should not be eaten. Like paper wrappers, light bulbs, socks, and human medications. Matt's puppy somehow got its paws on and ate seven Claritin tablets. When she called up the SPCA's poison control center for help, Matt's wife learned something downright heartwarming about Schering-Plough, the maker of Claritin. [More]
Actually, The Lamp Oil Looked Like Apple Juice
There's more to the story about the person who died from drinking lamp oil. One 84-year-old NJ lady died after mistaking tiki torch oil for apple juice. 4 other NJ residents were hospitalized after doing the same. One of them was an 8-year old girl, now suffering permanent lung damage. Oddly, the victims were located in separate parts of the state. NJ Poison Information and Education System executive director Steve Marcus told Gothamist, "During my 40 years in medicine, you get an occasional kid who ingests kerosene, but I have never seen this kind of cluster." (The Happening Part 2? Neurotoxins disable the part of people's brains that makes them distinguish between household cleaners and refreshing beverages?) All of them drank the same product, oil in a clear plastic bottle labeled "Tiki Torch Fuel," sold by Lamplight Farms, Inc. Amber in color, it's visually indistinguishable from apple juice. Don't forget to always keep chemicals under the sink and away from food, and always in original bottles. That some of these almost seem designed to look like tasty energy drinks doesn't help matters.
Don't Drink Lamp Oil Or You'll Die
Lamp oil manufacturers have issued a new warning: don't drink lamp oil. The TV says someone died recently after doing so. Not sure what the story is, but like other household products, it's important to keep them in their proper containers. For instance, some colored lamp oils can look like cranberry juice. Here are some other poisons and the foods they can look like.
New York City Issues Firm Warning Over Fatal Toad-Venom Aphrodisiac
According to the AP, NYC health officials are warning people to stay away from an illegal aphrodisiac made from toad venom after a man who ingested the substance died earlier this month. The product which goes by names such as: Piedra, Love Stone, Jamaican Stone, Black Stone and Chinese Rock is available at certain neighborhood stores and sex shops but is banned by the FDA. Details, inside…


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Copyright © 2007-2018 Russ Dewey
Psychologically Healthy Old Age
In ancient times, people were fortunate to live past their 50s. Now, people hope to reach their 90s, so old people must take better care of their bodies and minds, if they want to enjoy their later years.
Scientists have known for a long time that nerves grow more slowly in older animals. Scheff, Bernard, and Cotman (1978) noted a decrease in axon sprouting after injury in old rats. Buell and Coleman (1979) found the same thing in humans. However, not all neurons are equally affected. Buell and Coleman wrote:
...There are two populations of neurons in normal aging cortex, one a group of dying neurons with shrinking dendritic trees, the other a group of surviving neurons with expanding dendritic trees. In normal aging the latter population prevails. (Buell & Coleman, 1979, p.856)
What two populations of neurons did Buell & Coleman discover?
As noted in Chapter 2, the human nervous system undergoes a natural selection process from childhood onward. Neurons that contribute positively to the organism grow, and others are eliminated through apoptosis (programmed cell death). This is normal and results in improved neural functioning.
Up until the ninth decade of life in humans, continual growth of the remaining neurons compensates for the loss of other neurons. Dendritic trees (and axonal arborizations) make up 95 percent of the surface of nerve cells in the cortex, so if individual dendritic trees grow, the brain as a whole stays the same size, although the number of cells decreases with age.
Marian Diamond of the University of California at Berkeley found that continued stimulation was necessary to retain large dendritic trees in the brains of aging rats. When rats were kept in standard barren metal laboratory cages, instead of enriched environments, their brains decreased in size with age.
The decrease in brain size was not due to nerve death. It was due to the dendritic trees on existing neurons getting smaller. Diamond commented:
When I lecture, I show my hand–my palm is the cell body and my fingers are the dendrites. With use, you can keep those dendrites out there, extended, but without stimulation, they shrink down. It's quite simple: You use it or lose it. (Hopson, 1984)
How does the phrase "use it or lose it" relate to the findings of Diamond and Scheibel?
Dr. Arnold Scheibel of UCLA, Diamond's husband and co-researcher, added, "The dendritic projections are like muscle tissue. They grow more the more they're used." (Goleman, 1985) This helps explain why continuing an active lifestyle after retirement helps older people delay negative effects of old age. In the 2010s this phenomenon is referred to as cognitive reserve (below).
Attempts to analyze nerve health in old age have often centered on Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). The assumption has been that (a) growing neurons is good, and (b) NGF helps neurons grow, therefore (c) NGF might reduce cognitive decline in old age. Studies in mice have suggested that older mice might be rejuvenated by NGF, for example, in blood infusions from younger mice.
Why has so much research centered on nerve growth factor (NGF)?
In China NGF has been legal to use in human therapies since 2005. Zhao, Li, and Zou (2015) surveyed all the research on NGF therapies in humans and provided a meta-analysis of 64 randomized control trials involving 6,297 patients.
In these studies, NGF was used for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, central nervous system injuries, and nervous system infections. Most studies reported improvements after treatment with NGF. There were few adverse reactions.
However, no behavioral or cognitive measures were included in the research, only "speed of nerve conduction" (which increased with NGF). Few of the studies used double-blind methodology (only 3 of 62 in China). The main encouraging result was a lack of serious side effects.
NGF was also studied as a possible treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). 10 patients with AD were followed the University of California, San Diego, Medical Center from 2001 to 2012 after receiving gene therapy to stimulate NGF production. As patients died they were autopsied and their brains examined.
NGF gene therapy did increase "axonal sprouting toward the NGF source" in all patients. Three patients received the gene therapy on one side of the brain only, and they showed hypertrophy (increased growth) on that side only.
The growth persisted ten years after treatment. There was no improvement in the Alzheimer's Disease, but like the Chinese researchers, the California research team concluded that, "Growth factor therapy appears safe over extended periods and merits continued testing" (Tuszynski, Yang, Barba, et al., 2015).
What are the results of NGF research in humans?
There is a crucial difference between regenerating neurons (replacing those that have been injured) and continuing the growth process in healthy neurons. In the peripheral nervous system, neurons can re-grow. In the central nervous system, with the exception of areas near the hippocampus, neurons cannot regrow.
Use it or Lose it
The best tactic for aging humans is not to let nerve cells shrink or die from neglect in the first place. This was known in the 1980s when the Diamonds did their research, and their slogan "Use it or lose it" is a good way to express it.
News stories tell of extraordinary old people who remain productive into their 90s or even over the age of 100. The common element in their stories is continuity. They practice their skills in their 90s as they did in their 70s or 80s.
Participation in activity is what maintains healthy neurons. "Use it or lose it" could be rephrased as: "Anything you continue to do, you can continue to do."
Musicians provide many examples of individuals who maintained exceptional skills into old age. Lionel Hampton, the jazz vibraphonist, lived to age 94. He had to cut back on performances after a stroke at age 84, but he continued to play brilliantly and performed at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in 2001 shortly before his death from heart failure.
Arthur Rubinstein was a classical pianist who played well up to his death at 95, although he stopped performing publicly after he lost his sight around age 85. Les Paul, inventor of the famous solid-body electric guitar that bears his name, played until shortly before his death in 2009 at age 94.
Cognitive Reserve
The concept of cognitive reserve may be key to the continuing abilities of some people in their 90s. The concept came from research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common cause of senility. Researchers noticed that people with more years of education were less likely to suffer from AD, even if their brains showed AD-like damage.
Cognitive reserve can be defined as extra protection against cognitive decline in people with greater intellectual enrichment earlier in life. "Extra protection" is a theory-neutral label for the effect seen in data.
People with more education (more stimulating jobs, or more active social networks) are less affected by brain damage of all kinds. This includes damage produced by normal aging.
What is cognitive reserve?
Research on cognitive reserve often uses years of formal education as an operational definition of "intellectual enrichment earlier in life." That variable is objective and easy to measure. However, other factors may play the same role, including "a challenging occupation, engaging hobbies and active social networks" (Brynie, 2008).
Two forms of evidence support the cognitive reserve concept. First, more education results in less likelihood of decline or senility. Second, given the same symptoms (the same degree of senility as measured by clinical tests) people with more education have more severe brain damage. More damage is required to bring down their performance scores.
Catherine Roe and colleagues at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis did a brain-imaging study on 198 people averaging 67 years of age. The sample included 161 people without dementia and 37 with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's.
The researchers used a marker (Pittsburgh Compound B) that binds to beta-amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's Disease and shows up in PET scans. They found no cognitive decline at all in people with no plaques. "However, for people who did have plaques in their brains, the severity of dementia symptoms was related to how much education they had completed." (Brynie, 2008)
Other studies showed that education correlates with physical health and durability in brains. Researchers analyzed cerebrospinal fluid of older adults and found those with at least 16 years of education (enough to complete college in the U.S.) had less evidence of neurodegeneration (Almedia et al., 2015).
Richard and Sacker (2003) did a statistical analysis to trace the origins of the cognitive reserve effect. The researchers found that educational attainment of parents did not matter. Environmental factors predominated over family genetics in explaining cognitive reserve.
Three factors predicted high cognitive reserve late in life. These were: childhood cognitive ability, educational attainment, and adult occupation. Adult occupation had the weakest effect, and childhood cognition the strongest. This suggests cognitive reserve is related to life-long cognitive competence.
To explore the possibility that cognitive reserve might be initiated later in life, a study called the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project was started in 2011 and is expected to run for 10 to 20 years. Older adults were recruited to go to college late in life, while their brain health was monitored.
An initial group of 359 volunteers aged 50 to 79 received cognitive tests then enrolled for a year of full or part-time study at the University of Tasmania. Early tests showed that 92 percent of the college-studies group already displayed a significant increase in cognitive capacity, compared to 56 percent in a control group.
Exercising the mind might exert a beneficial effect even late in life. The same is apparently true of exercising the body. Even minimal daily exercise has a big effect on aging bodies.
A study published in JAMA (the Journal of the American Medical Association) with 19 authors gathered data from nine studies of 34,485 individuals living in retirement communities. It showed that gait speed–how fast a person walked–
Men aged 75 to 84 who walked fastest had a 92% chance of surviving at least ten more years. Even the slowest walkers showed some benefits, increasing their chances of survival (compared to non-walkers) by 15%. Among women, those with slow gaits enjoyed a 35% increased probability of living ten more years, compared to non-walkers.
A daily walk at a fast pace may be enough to have a protective effect, if it is done on a regular basis. The key is to start this routine at an age when walking is still easy. Establish a habit of walking at a fast gait, then continue it.
Almeida, R. P. et al (14 authors) Cognitive Reserve Modifies Age-Related Alterations in CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. JAMA Neurology. Retrieved from: https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4639566 . doi:10.1001/
Brynie, F. H. (2008, December 2) New evidence supports the cognitive reserve hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease. The Dana Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.dana.org/News/Details.aspx?id=42881
Buell, S. J. & Coleman, P. D. (1979). Dendritic growth in the aged human brain and failure of growth in senile dementia. Science, 206, 854-856.
Goleman, D. (1985, July 30). New evidence points to growth of the brain late. New York Times, pp.Y19-Y24.
Hopson, J. (1984, November) Marian Diamond: Love affair with the brain. Psychology Today, pp.63-73.
Richards, M. & Sacker, A. (2003) Lifetime Antecedents of Cognitive Reserve. Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Neuropsychology. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.
Scheff, S. W., Bernard, L. S., & Cotman, C.W. (1978) Decrease in adrenergic axon sprouting in the senescent rat. Science, 202, 775-778.
Stern, Y. (2012) Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurology, 11, 1006-1012. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6
Studentski, S. et al. [19 authors] Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA, 305, 50-58. doi:10.1001/
Tuszynski, M. H., Yang, J. H., Barba, D., et al. (2015) Nerve Growth Factor Gene Therapy Activation of Neuronal Responses in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurology. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/
Zhao, M., Li, X., & Zou, L. (2015) Efficacy and safety of nerve growth factor for the treatment of neurological diseases. Neural Regeneration Research, 10, 819-828. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.156989
Write to Dr. Dewey at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Don't see what you need? Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. Do a site-specific Google search using the box below.


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A. Lange & Söhne CEO Wilhelm Schmid reckons one of the biggest challenges in the development of Odysseus, their recently launched steel sports watch was the fact that that they had no historical references to lean back on. Schmid made this revelation whilst in town to formally open the brand's renovated flagship boutique at The Dubai Mall.
"In the past we could always refer to what we had done earlier, like pocketwatches and so on. Now for the first time, we don't have any historical guidance during product development and that in itself created a challenge. The fact that we chose the name Odysseus is on purpose because it reflects this great Greek warrior's journey back home, it was a bit like our journey from ideas to what I'm wearing on my wrist today," said Schmid.
The luxury steel sports watch is the hottest commodity in the watch world now. It's been more than 40 years since Audemars Piguet broke the mold with Royal Oak, but there has been no slowdown in demand for a more casual timepiece from a haute horology brand. Such has been the influence of the Royal Oak and Patek Philippe Nautilus that brands that foray into this category often end up creating timepieces that took a page out of the Gerald Genta playbook.
But surely, entering a hotly-contested segment means there would be obvious comparisons with the big two that dominate this category, the Nautilus and the Royal Oak. Was the product development team conscious of these comparisons? "Our benchmark is always our own brand DNA and not some other product. Of course we look at what's in the market, but it doesn't give you any guidance because if you follow somebody, the best thing you will get is a "me-too" product," he said.
Watch the full interview on our YouTube channel.


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I finished Crime and Punishment this last year, and although it took me a little less than an eternity to actually get through it, I've got to say, I haven't appreciated a book like it in a long time. I was intrigued by the dread of sitting inside the mind of a neurotic. I was startled at how well the human heart was conveyed. I loved the slow but realistic redemption that takes place over the book's pages and the lingering grace and loyalty of a certain character. But all in all, I ultimately loved that I could come to understand Fyodor Dostoevsky through the dialogue and content of the book. Here's two of my favorite lines:
"The darker the night, the brighter the stars,
The deeper the grief, the closer is God!"
"Pain and suffering are always inevitable for a large intelligence and a deep heart. The really great men must, I think, have great sadness on earth."
If you're anything like me, then you will know that I tend to enjoy books once I understand a little of the author's own life. If I can relate to them, chances are I will resonate with their books, so it's a treat for me in the event that I read a book and feel as though the author has bled his own personal narrative into the words and pages of that novel. Dostoevsky's Crime & Punishment is one of those instances.
Having read it, I was intrigued into what kind of life Dostoevsky must've had. I'm sure it wasn't a pleasant one, but I knew the novel didn't end in despair so maybe his life hadn't. What I found between the book and his own life were some stark similarities in theme. Both contain extreme anguish, doubt, suffering but also, however ironically, a glimmer of hope.
His life didn't kickoff pleasantly. Dostoevsky was son to a cruel father and to a mother who died of tuberculosis while he was young. In the two years following his mother's death, his father passed away due to an apoplectic stroke. Also around that time, Dostoevsky's first signs of epilepsy, that would plague him his entire life, had appeared.
In the following decade, amidst his declining health, eventual resignation from the military, and his pursuit of a life of writing, Dostoevsky was imprisoned and exiled for political reasons. It seems like something straight out of one his novels, but there came a moment that Dostoevsky was lined up in front of a firing squad which was stopped by a command from the Tsar apparently moments before the execution.
After this point, Dostoevsky spent about another half-decade as an exile in a prison camp in torturous conditions without anything but his copy of the New Testament. Between all that's been said already, the death of his first wife, the loss of his firstborn to his second wife, and his eventual agonizing death to epilepsy, Dostoevsky's life seems to me nothing short of a nightmare.
But what I've found so interesting is not just the darkness of Dostoevsky's life. No not at all. Though, I do think what is remarkable wouldn't be as remarkable as it is without the darkened backdrop.
What's truly intriguing to me is Dostoevsky's clutching to the light of the stars amidst all the horrible darkness *. While doing some research on him, I stumbled on this quote which has resonated with me in more than a few ways:
"I want to say to you, about myself, that I am a child of this age, a child of unfaith and scepticism, and probably (indeed I know it) shall remain so to the end of my life. How dreadfully has it tormented me (and torments me even now) this longing for faith, which is all the stronger for the proofs I have against it. And yet God gives me sometimes moments of perfect peace; in such moments I love and believe that I am loved; in such moments I have formulated my creed, wherein all is clear and holy to me. This creed is extremely simple; here it is: I believe that there is nothing lovelier, deeper, more sympathetic, more rational, more manly, and more perfect than the Saviour; I say to myself with jealous love that not only is there no one else like Him, but that there could be no one. I would even say more: If anyone could prove to me that Christ is outside the truth, and if the truth really did exclude Christ, I should prefer to stay with Christ and not with truth."
I don't know if I've heard of such honesty and such faith in the words of a man, words that seem reminiscent of the man in Mark 9 who declared "I believe Lord, help my unbelief".
Two things strike me in Dostoevsky's words. One is his immense doubt that would lead him to declare that he would die "longing for faith", and yet still he finds moments of peace in which "I love and believe that I am loved" – a statement which implicitly assumes great faith. And second, he doesn't trust his own faith, but the one in whom his faith takes hold. The man seems captivated in these words. Christ has captured his greatest desires, "nothing lovelier, deeper, more sympathetic, more rational, more manly, and more perfect". It seems his head and heart are torn. When the rational doubts pull him one way, he knows on a desiring level that "there could be no one [else]". As Saint Augustine once said, "Our hearts are restless, until they can find rest in you." I'd like to think Dostoevsky tasted that rest and knew he'd never find it in anything else again, as much as his doubts nagged him otherwise.
I'm not surprised that the bold portion of that passage came last. Between the reasonable doubts that plague us because of the suffering, death, anguish, and darkness in this world and the faith granted to us that sets our eyes upon the beauty of Christ even in it all, Dostoevsky decidedly found rest in the latter. Like looking upon a midnight sky to discover the stars shine brighter only when the night is darker, Christ meets us in the darkness with his penetrating vibrancy, which had turned out for Dostoevsky [and myself] far more true and far more captivating than the darkness itself.
* Apparently, Dostoevsky would literally stargaze to combat his doubts.


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Recently, our Illinois semi truck accident attorneys read a report on WBIR.com detailing a destructive semi truck accident that resulted in the injuries of three individuals. The accident occurred as the result of a semi truck sideswiping another semi truck along an Interstate highway. Upon collision, the semi truck that was struck barreled into the center median – causing the truck to ignite into flames. The semi truck driver suffered severe burns as a result of the flame induced collision. Debris from the collision also struck a passenger vehicle resulting in the injury of both occupants. The semi truck driver that caused the initial accident fled the scene. Local authorities later located the driver and he is currently charged with leaving the scene of an accident with injury – other charges are still pending.
While the driver in this hit and run cause was located and properly charged, often that is not the case. With a 15% increase in the number of hit and run accidents since 1998 – according to the National Highway Safety Administration – many injuries and fatalities result each year at the hands of these careless drivers. These drivers often share the same characteristics when choosing to leave the scene of an accident. Frequent causes of hit and run accidents include:
Driving Impaired:
– Alcohol – Illegal Substances – Drowsy/Fatigued – Distracted
Un-licensed or Un-insured – Illegal Immigrant – Suspended or Revoked
– Stolen Vehicle – Scared or Confused – Road Rage – Age (Youth Immaturity)
Hit and run accidents are particularly devastating – especially if it is committed by the driver of a large commercial vehicle. Any time a semi truck is operated there are various rules and regulations the driver, as well as, the trucking company must follow to ensure the utmost safety. If the driver or their company does not adhere to these regulations and an accident results, a negligence claim may be made against the wrongdoer. In the event that a semi truck driver flees the scene of an accident, they may be punished with a fine and imprisonment based on the state's laws and the severity of the damages the accident caused.
Our Chicago accident attorneys continue to fight to the rights of those who have sustained serious harm as the result of a negligent driving. If you or a loved one was involved in an accident at the hands of a careless driver and sustained an injury as a result, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit against the driver. In the event that the negligent driving accident caused a fatality, you may be able to file suit against the driver for wrongful death. Please contact a Chicago personal injury attorney to see what legal rights may be available to you.


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201 Berrellesa Street
Martinez, CA 94553
Telephone: (925) 229-1982
Fax: (925) 229-2007
E-Mail: email@example.com
Web: N/A
Established: 1982
License Number(s): 420479
License Classification(s):
C-39, Roofing
Markets Served:
Materials Installed and Services Offered:
Built-Up Roofing
Cold Process
Maintenance Systems
Modified Bitumen
Free Estimates
Affiliation with Other Industry Organizations
Better Business Bureau
Martinez Chamber of Commerce
National Federation of Independent Business
Roofing Contractors Association of California
Indeed, even the owners of the Louisiana Superdome have turned to Johnston Roofing when the roof of that famous building began to leak.
Although the term applies to a number of different applications, cold process roofing gets its name from the simple fact that hot asphalt is not utilized. In full-blown re-roofing and roof maintenance applications, "cold" asphalt emulsions or adhesives are spray-applied between polyester mats or fiberglass base sheets. Asphalt emulsions reinforced with glass fibers are then sprayed over them to form a seamless monolithic roof membrane. These applications are "cold" alternatives to traditional "hot" built-up roofing.
Cold-applied roofing systems are very forgiving. The adhesives used by Johnston Roofing set slowly, allowing fiberglass plies to be easily reset, if necessary. Similarly, the asphalt emulsions we apply are permeable to water vapor, so moisture trapped underneath a cold-applied membrane can escape without damaging it. And because of their exceptional pliability, cracks and "alligators" are rarely seen in cold process roofs.
A very successful part of Johnston Roofing's business has been applying cold-process maintenance systems over existing cap sheet roofs. Where a cap sheet roof is near the end of its service life, but not so badly deteriorated that it needs to be removed and replaced, a system consisting of two layers of polyester matting embedded in asphalt emulsion and finished with chopped fiberglass and emulsion along with a reflective aluminum coating can be applied. These systems can extend a roof's life significantly at relatively low cost.
Cold-applied coatings are also an integral part of many other types of roofing systems, providing a necessary or desirable "finishing touch" to the roof. Manufacturers of modified bitumen membranes frequently recommend the application of a topcoat to protect the roofing system from ultraviolet radiation and other environmental influences which are harmful to asphalt membranes. In some cases, such a coating must be applied in order for the roof assembly to achieve a Class 'A' fire rating.
Reflective coatings are commonly applied to improve the performance of a variety of roofing systems. A well-insulated building is cost-effective from a heating and cooling perspective, but may also subject the roof to severe temperature cycles which promote membrane splitting and cracking. Reflective coatings can dramatically reduce these stresses and thereby extend the service life of the roof. They have also been shown to reduce air conditioning costs.
Coatings can also enhance the appearance of a roof. In recent years, a wide variety of colored and textured coatings have become available to broaden consumer options beyond the traditional choices. Wherever a roof is visible to neighbors or passersby, a colored roof coating can be employed to enhance its visual appeal.
From a business management standpoint, one of the things we like most about cold-process roofing is that you don't have to be "big" to do it. Compared to other types of roofing, it is not terribly labor-intensive. This means that Johnston Roofing can operate very successfully while maintaining a small crew and a "family" atmosphere.
We're sorry. No project photos are currently available.


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There are numerous industries and communities which have membership organizations. It might be small, having only a handful of individuals, or extremely large, having more than 50,000 members.
Tracking all the activities can make your head swirl. You need to check out renewals, contact details, participants, and even subscription fees. It's plenty of work to keep track of those things.
That is where Wild Apricot comes in. It's one of the most famous membership management software that can help you not only record and track but also build your site, and it even has some email marketing features.
In this guide, you'll find out if Wild Apricot is what you've been looking for.
Before you continue, you may want to check out this video by Capterra on YouTube that gives a quick review. Afterward, you'll want to read the rest of our article for a more comprehensive review.
What is Wild Apricot? Wild Apricot View Deleted Forum Messages
Wild Apricot is a Canadian software company that caters to small to midsize membership organizations. Personify, a Constituent Management and Engagement platform bought them back in 2017.
It's focused on keeping track of members so that nonprofit organizations and clubs can bill them for occasions and dues. It's also utilised to inform them about these notifications.
It's designed to be the solution to develop and manage a membership-based site by encouraging different applications. It has built-in financial reporting and email marketing tools.
Who can use Wild Apricot?
Though it's targeted at nonprofit organizations, associations, and clubs, it can be used by anyone who's looking for a software that could help them operate like a membership-based entity.
There are a number of ways to utilize Wild Apricot using its own features. They also have a setup wizard that can help their users navigate the software effortlessly. You can even contact their trainers if you need assistance.
What are the features?
Wild Apricot offers features that may be accessed by every member, regardless of their membership level. Navigating these tasks is easy since you can do it from your dashboard; From building your site to managing and creating events, you will be able to keep track of everything.Here are some of Wild Apricot's features.
> Click Here to Try Product for Free <
Website Builder
Wild Apricot has a site and hosting features done through AWS. To assist in creating your own site, they also provide drag and drop editors as well as templates.
This is beneficial if you don't have any experience making your own website or if you do not have sufficient budget to hire an expert. It's also great for those people who are working under a time constraint.
You can even create your own templates, aside from the customizable themes and templates that are available.These may use the default layouts that you've set to your template. And to avoid confusion, your editing page will offer a green highlight to the changes that you have made to your work.
If you're using a free account, you have a free subdomain generated using the email address you registered when you signed up. You'll need to avail for a paid membership account if you want to make your own domain name.
Online Store Builder
Besides building websites, they also offer other features such as the online shop and app builder.
With the online shop, you can sell both digital and physical goods. You can set up the prices, discounts, and other bargains.
For physical products, you can send them directly to Wild Apricot so that they can handle the distribution process. They will track the process inventory and payments. However, you'll be the one to deal with the logistics.
For now, the only downside for their online store builder is that you can not add shipping calculation tools or options to adjust the costs for certain product variants.
Membership Information Storage
Members will be able to access their profiles to update any changes. This will be in sync in real-time across the website and the mobile app.
You will be able to access the information since it's stored in a cloud database. To make it simple, it is searchable, and you can use it to make membership levels and renewals customizable.
If you're switching from a different management service, you do not need to worry about your previous membership database. Wild Apricot will let you import your existing database into the software.
You can even create a member's directory with your database so other members can look at other subscriber's profiles. Wild Apricot View Deleted Forum Messages
> Click Here to Try Product for Free <
Wild Apricot Payments and Donations
Wild Apricot can also manage online shop and member payments. Their payment gateway is easy and simple to use. All you will need to do is create an account with AffiniPay, which is their payment processor. On the other hand, buyers will only have to enter their card details for their orders to be processed.
On top of that, website owners won't be billed contract fees or setup fees. Although they charge processing fees, it is pretty competitive, having just 2.9 percent and an additional $0.30 for each transaction.
Take note, though, that the processor is available only to the American and Canadian Wild Apricot clients. Furthermore, the processing fees can be different depending on where you're. There are international processing fees for members who are based in different countries.
Since Wild Apricot was mainly made for nonprofit institutions, Wild Apricot added a donations feature. You may add a donation button and have a widget for the donation drive goals and progress. The database of the contributions you obtained can also be exported.
Email Marketing
Emails are still a great, of not, one of the best means to keep in contact with your members. Wild Apricot lets you send newsletters, invoices, reminders, and even occasion invitations through their email templates and features.
Wild Apricot gives you the option to begin from a blank canvas or use their templates. If you're worried it will look generic, you can customize the templates utilizing their drag and drop editor.
You may also segment your mailing list. Throughout your member's database, you can use it to target campaigns or handle other tasks like confirmations, reminders, or account updates.
Wild Apricot also includes open trackers and analytical reports to make the most out of this email marketing feature. It will provide you the metrics you need in making a successful campaign.
Even if you're using a free plan, your email address will be the same as your subdomain. If you upgrade to a paid plan, you may create a custom domain for your website and for your email.
> Click Here to Try Product for Free <
Event Management
Wild Apricot lets you create and share a calendar of any events that you will be hosting. You can also use this to set up registration forms, process payments, and even waitlists.
Wild Apricot Pricing and Plans
The free plan allows you to have up to 50 members. If you wish to add more members, then you will need to upgrade.
In general, Wild Apricot has 7 strategies to choose from. It is possibles to pay it monthly, annually, or every two years.
The price increases as you increase the amount of members. For starters, their Personal Plan can accommodate up to 100 members for $40 a month. The maximum amount of members Wild Apricot can hold is 50,000. This falls under the Global Plan, which costs $600 per month.
If you Pre-pay for 1 year, you will able to save 10%. Another payment scheme is to pay 2 years ahead, which makes it possible to save 15%.
They offer competitive prices considering that these include email management and website hosting. They also provide a free trial for their paid plans. Wild Apricot View Deleted Forum Messages
Pros and Cons
Before continuing on to the last section, we'll summarize the pros and cons of utilizing Wild Apricot to help you decide.
Here are the Pros and Cons:
Includes templates
Tons of videos and tutorials
Offers flexibility for clubs, associations, and nonprofits
Offers a free plan
Each paid plan has a free trial
User interface is a bit confusing
No membership ID on the system
Payment gateway is limited to customers from the USA and Canada.
> Click Here to Try Product for Free <
Final Thoughts
If you're looking for a platform that can help you manage your membership-based site, Wild Apricot is a good suggestion. It was created to be used by membership organizations and associations, so the prices are not too high. They even offer a free plan and a free trial on their paid plans.
But if you are planning to use this for handling your business, it may be best to look for a different platform. If you are really curious, however, it wouldn't hurt to use their free trial.
But even if it was not made for businesses, it is still able to perform well. You can use it to sell online classes, but you'll need a link that will lead them to an external website. For businesses with a lot of occasions, this is a excellent platform to operate and implement event management strategies.
Overall, Wild Apricot is a fantastic platform, particularly for associations and organizations. It gets the job done without being too pricey. If that is not enough to convince you, you can always use their free trial to see for yourself.
FAQ Wild Apricot View Deleted Forum Messages
Are there any system requirements?
Your resolution should have at least a width of 1280 pixels for the software to work efficiently.
Can it work on any browser?
Yes, Wild Apricot is supported by the most popular browsers. To avoid glitches, opt for Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Safari, or Firefox.
Are there any tutorials to navigate the software?
Yes. Wild Apricot has many videos to help you get started. Just go to their site for a list of the tutorials and webinars.
How long does the free trial last?
Wild Apricot's free trial lasts 30 days.
Are there additional costs?
Wild Apricot does not have extra transaction fees. You receive all the features whether you chose the paid or free plan. The only time you will pay for extra costs is when you opt for a third-party payment provider for your online shop.


text: September 29, 2020 What are Laser tag and your first game? Laser tag is a recreational shooting sport where members utilize infrared-producing light firearms to tag assigned targets. Infrared-delicate flagging gadgets are regularly worn by every player to enroll hits and are now and again incorporated inside the field in which the game is played. The indoor laser tag is an intelligent game in an indoor field where players endeavor to score focuses by labeling targets and rivals with a Phaser firearm. Since its introduction to the world in 1979, with the arrival of the Star Trek Electronic Phasers toy produced by the South Bend Electronics brand of Milton Bradley, laser tag has developed into both indoor and outside styles of play and may incorporate recreations of close quarter battle, pretend style experience games, or serious games including strategic arrangements and exact game objectives. The laser tag is well known for a wide scope of ages. What is Laser Tag? Laser Tag is a shooting match-up like paintball and air delicate. The greatest contrast between Laser Tag and different games, notwithstanding, is that Laser Tag is protected and clean. You'll never need to wear security hardware since players don't shoot pellets or paintballs; Instead, Laser Tag utilizes safe bars that will never hurt anybody. Not utilizing pellets or paintballs likewise implies that there won't be any buildup or cleanup required in the wake of playing. Laser Tag firearms fire a lot farther than paintball and air delicate weapons. The S-7 and the Eclipse (Our two firearm types), can fire players from 650 feet away, even with no attempt at being subtle. This makes it extraordinary for indoor and open airfields since range will never be an issue. Each weapon has a sensor and a headband with three sensors. This permits players to take shots at a player's weapon or headband. Players don't have to wear a massive vest or other apparatus, which makes our weapons lightweight and simple to utilize. Laser Tag is a pleasant game that an individual of all ages can play. Steradian laser tag is adaptable with its game plan, permitting it to fit any gathering or setting. It is ideal for parties, family occasions, corporate retreats, indoor fields, paintball or air delicate fields, and so on. It can likewise engage any kind of player, regardless of whether it those hoping to have a good time, or a serious gathering needing a test. Whatever you have at the top of the priority list, we're certain you can utilize Laser Tag to include fun and energy. In case you're keen on studying the hardware, look at the connection underneath. Your First Game For full clarification on beginning a game, you can utilize the online manuals or the manual included with your gear. The most significant things to comprehend when playing just because are the gear and the guidelines you have for your play zone. When you have a decent comprehension of both, it is imperative to have the option to discuss similar thoughts with your players. Players that comprehend these things will have a greatly improved play understanding than those that don't.


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Wednesday, May 7, 2014
EconPop - The Economics of Dallas Buyers Club
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(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first article in a two-part series based on an interview with Tom Wylly, Senior Partner with Brentwood Capital Advisors. Part 1 focuses on the firm that he joined in 2001, while Part 2 will discuss the Nashville entrepreneurial ecosystem.)
By Tom Ballard, Chief Alliance Officer, PYA
The numbers tell a pretty compelling story of success – about 80 transactions totaling roughly $5 billion in value since its founding 18 years ago.
"If we start something, there is a very high completion rate," Tom Wylly, Senior Partner in Brentwood Capital Advisors (BCA), says in describing the investment banking firm that he joined in 2001, roughly two years after it was founded.
"We are in the business of bringing business owners what their options are and successfully executing the strategy they choose," he says, noting that most owners don't understand their best options in terms of either raising capital or exiting the business. "We give advice for free, and we are paid to execute. Ninety-five percent of our compensation comes from the success of the transactions."
Wylly, a well-respected investment banker in Nashville, spent four years in commercial banking and 20 years as a Partner in corporate finance with J.C. Bradford & Company before he joined BCA.
"We're serving customers nationally," he says, citing a software company in Idaho and a healthcare firm in Nevada. That said, there is a clear concentration of current and former clients across the southern portion of the country as well as from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Today, Wylly says BCA has a particular focus on three sectors – healthcare companies, both services and information technology; technology businesses, principally application software; and finally what he describes as "technology-enabled outsourcing businesses that help their customers improve performance."
Yet, he quickly notes that "we want to work with great entrepreneurs who have successful, growing companies."
The typical client has an enterprise value of $25 to $250 million.
"We give our clients feedback on valuation and what is doable, then who would be interested in partnering, and finally executing the process of getting that done," Wylly explains.
BCA's Senior Partner has four key areas of advice for those who plan to raise capital or prepare for an exit.
"You need to plan for it by making sure you are organizing and running the business in the way that ensures that you have strong financial controls in place and properly documented books and records," Wylly says. "Next, get advice from someone who can look at the business from an outsider's view."
This second point is particularly important in his view. "You need someone who can look over your shoulder long before the exit to give you honest feedback about your management team, revenue model, growth prospects, sales pipeline, customer concentrations, customer contracts, and other potential factors like cost savings opportunities," Wylly says. Act on this advice to increase your company's value and improve the odds of a successful exit
"The earlier you plan an exit, the better," he advises, noting that's not six months in advance but more like three years.
"If you are committed to an exit, part of the preparation is tax and estate planning," Wylly says. "The savings from early planning can be tremendous."
His final suggestion focuses on who is going to run the business post-exit.
"The buyer will want to see that the business can succeed without you," Wylly says. "Develop bench strength. Be sure the business is not dependent on you."


text:
About me
Full time teacher without a class. I teach te reo to whole school and run a gifted arts programme. Do extension and remedial maths and language programmes in both junior and senior school. Studying full time for Aupikitanga - level 6 te reo through te wananga o aotearoa. Full time mother of three boys 1,5 and 10. Avid rugby supporter and I play soccer on Sundays for the Te Puna ladies team. in my 'spare time' I try to eat and sleep.


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Karla Mileski
Creative director, Mother New York
First, can we talk about that tagline? America's Most Trusted Source for Adult Products. Deeply unsexy.
But they used that unsexiness in the creative, too. Which is actually pretty hot (in a smart, insight-driven strategy kinda way.) Sex sells, sure. But how do you sell sex? I think this spot is a fun, solid answer to that question. It's the "world without milk" approach. But I guess in this version, peanut butter would have been a solution rather than a problem!
Catchy song, and decent casting. I found the guy in the grocery store to be the most believable. And, I must applaud the whole agency team for getting a fully-clothed, concept-driven musical number sold through to a client whose other YouTube uploads include: Agent 69 Trailer, Cheer Squad Goals #Gettinglaid, and simply: Forked.
Dave Snyder
SVP, Executive creative director, Firstborn
As a married man I know a thing or two about not getting laid. So, I can relate: Is this why I'm a grouchy creative director? The perennial angry old man shouting at clouds—from his corner office. I've been told, so many times, to go f*ck myself, that it's all I really do anymore—literally.
So, in some regard, this video forces me to gaze at my navel—this time clothed. To look inside myself. To reflect on my untouched (enough) self. This forced reflection means it's a powerful spot.
But. To be fair—of my own ego—I have to admit that it would've been very unlikely that I watched this entire spot. Two reasons why:
One: I don't do musicals. It's just a thing. It instantaneously alienates me.
Two: Even in this controlled, 'critique this video' type of situation, my cursor hovered anxiously lower-right, instinctively looking to 'skip this ad'. I've been algorithmically trained to move on and this spot forced a LONG wait. A punchline far too buried in the weeds of a classical ad narrative.
Sadly, we don't have attention spans anymore. Where were you on that one Haley Hunter-Heath? Just kidding, I have no clue who Haley is. But I had to put the blame somewhere...ergo...the account exec. Nay, I cannot blame the creative. [stomps foot: harrumph].
I did love how clean that DMV was. I'm considering a move to that state now.


text:
Much has been made of the unemployment rate in the United States. Yes, it is difficult to find work. However, several companies around the country have a number of open positions they can't fill because they are unable to find workers with the skills to do the work.
Visit msnbc.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy
If you're having trouble watching this video, try downloading the latest version of Flash Player or contacting your IT department.
Have any comments or questions about our video editions of IMPO? Or do you have a video you'd like to see featured in one of our deployments? Email me at email@example.com.


text: Attention Chapter Leaders, As OWASP Foundation winds down our physical year, even a 501(3)c non-profit we must get ready to file our tax returns and ensure that we are on target and mission. OWASP is radically transparent our community is critically important so I wanted to show you where we are today with our accounting for end of year (see attached). In addition if you are interested and did not already know about it... OWASP actually publishes our bylaws, finances publicly on the wiki including tax returns see: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/About_OWASP#Tax_Filings moving on.... In 2008 the Global Membership Committee (GMC) proposed and it was approved by the OWASP Board a spilt of membership fees 60/40. What this means is that 40% of membership fees collected from individual memberships, memberships as part of conferences, events and even corporate sponsors, 40% would be tagged as a flexible spending account for use for locally approved reimbursable chapter activities and expenses. As of 12/16/2010 we have verified that there is $80,677.00 usd in funds in escrow that have NOT been used yet see: http://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=p6IFyntQTi7t-yH-peiD8Aw no really... So what this means is it time for chapters to once again this year take a look at what you have and determine what you need for such items as (OWASP banners, OWASP Swag, Chapter Refreshments, projectors and associated supplies and equipment expenses and special speaker travel in addition to OWASP on the Move program. If you have not thought about this until now, please GO BUY what you need before December 31st 2010. Reimbursement is easy, simply scan the receipt and your chapter leader will approve and submit to accounting at owasp.org for processing. This year we have the OWASP Summit 2011 and if you did not attend in 2008 some may even ask..... "Why the big emphasis?" If you missed it see: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_EU_Summit_2008 then read on... Answer: The OWASP Global Summit is the place where application security experts meet to discuss plans, projects and solutions for the future of application security. The Summit is not a conference - there are no talks or training seminars - this is an opportunity to do actual work to further the field of application security. Participants will stay in shared accommodations and collaborate to produce tangible progress towards influencing standards, establishing roadmaps, and setting the tone for OWASP and application security for the coming years as OWASP 4.0 To enable this process we have already allocated over $50,000.00 in budget to this event and we want to ensure that every region in the world where there is a OWASP chapter we have global representation. We want each chapter to lead by example and fund there most active OWASP community members to be able to attend this years summit. *** ACTION REQUIRED FROM YOU *** I need each chapter around the world to complete the following form http://tinyurl.com/owaspleaderOSTF AFTER you have reviewed your operational requirements for 2011 based on current funds and your projections for annual renewals and new members. Every chapter MUST complete (1) per chapter using this form form before January 15th 2010 at 12:00pm EST. It is OK not to transfer any funds to the OSTF. However chapters that fail to acknowledge this annual request for update to information will result in a automatic transfer of funds to the OWASP Foundation, Summit Travel Fund on January 15th 2010 at 12:01pm EST and the chapter will be marked as inactive. To complete this request it is required that you use the issued @OWASP.ORG email address (if you are on this list, you should have a @OWASP.ORG email address and a chapter leader - if you are a active project leader no action is required from you). If you or other leaders of your chapter do not have a @owasp.org email address; request one immediately using this quick link: http://tinyurl.com/requestowaspemail As you can tell the summit is very important to the core of OWASP Foundation. As the end of the year approaches now is a good time for you to check your availability Feb 8th-11th 2011 and learn more about what is going on at the Summit see: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Summit_2011 Finally, I recognize that not every chapter leader keeps up with every email on this list however as a OWASP Community members this is a VERY IMPORTANT EMAIL so please give it the time it requires to fill out the following form for your chapter: http://tinyurl.com/owaspleaderOSTF ASAP we will also be calling down 160 chapters with the information we have on file from last year to update our records and point them to this wiki page in the event they did not see this email: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Donation_Scoreboard Semper Fi, Tom Brennan skype: proactiverisk direct: 973-202-0122 Begin forwarded message: > From: Alison Shrader <alison.mcnamee at owasp.org> > Date: December 16, 2010 8:46:22 PM EST > To: "'OWASP Foundation Board List'" <owasp-board at lists.owasp.org> > Subject: [Owasp-board] Updated Financials > Reply-To: alison.shrader at owasp.org > > Hi Everyone, > > The accounts have been reconciled for November, so I wanted to send out an updated P&L and Balance Sheet. Somebody had asked about the conference profits for 2010 during this month's board call, so I also attached the most recent numbers for all events that I had entered in Quickbooks. Please note that some of these numbers will change. For example BeNeLux is showing up as a loss, but this is only b/c I am waiting for all of the expenses to finish coming in…and then I will take the funds from the local chapters (so this will zero out). > > Please let me know if you have any questions on anything. > > I hope everyone has a happy holiday!! > > > Alison Shrader > OWASP > 9175 Guilford Road, Suite 300 > Columbia, MD 21046 > 301-575-0197 > alison.shrader at owasp.org > > > _______________________________________________ > Owasp-board mailing list > Owasp-board at lists.owasp.org > https://lists.owasp.org/mailman/listinfo/owasp-board -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... 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