text:
The Interpretation of Dreams: 1st November 1899 (published as 1900): Sigmund Freud
by Julia Evans on November 1, 1899
Flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo
Die Traumdeutung
Index of this post
Note : References by Jacques Lacan to Interpretation of Dreams
(1) Bibliographical German and English (p33-34 pfl)
(2) Availability
(3) Contents
(4) Chronological table of Freud's works
(5) Editor's (James Strachey) Introduction (p34-43 pfl)
(6) Prefaces by Sigmund Freud
(7) Appendix : List of Writings by Freud Dealing Predominantly or Largely with Dreams
(8) Bibliographies
A : Author Index and List of Works referred to in the Text.
B : List of other 'Works on Dreams Published Before the Year 1900
(9) Index of Dreams
A : Dreamt by Freud himself : Pfl p819 –
B : Dreamt by Others
Note : References by Jacques Lacan to Interpretation of Dreams
– V THE MATERIAL AND SOURCES OF DREAMS, (A) Recent and Indifferent Material in Dreams : Seminar I: 30th June 1954 : Jacques Lacan : See Seminar I: Freud's papers on technique: 1953-1954 : begins on 18th November 1953 : Jacques Lacan or here
– VI THE DREAM-WORK, (A) The Work of Condensation : Seminar I: 30th June 1954 : Jacques Lacan : See Seminar I: Freud's papers on technique: 1953-1954 : begins on 18th November 1953 : Jacques Lacan or here
– VII THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE DREAM PROCESSES : P598 – 600 of SE Vol V : Section E The Primary and Secondary Processes : Seminar IV : 28thNovember 1956 : See Seminar IV : The Object Relation & Freudian Structures 1956-1957 : begins 21st November 1956 : Jacques Lacan or here
Related text
The Flavour of Nightmare by Oriol Corbacho, 30th November 2019, LRO 195, See https://www.thelacanianreviews.com/the-flavour-of-the-nightmare/ or http://www.amp-nls.org/page/gb/49/nls-messager/0/2019-2020/4014
(1) Bibliographical (German and English)
(A) German Editions: Die Traumdeutung
1900 First German edition (issucd 1899) :Leipzig and Vienna Pp. iv + 375.
1909 2nd ed. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp.vi + 389.
1911 3rd ed. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp. x + 418.
1914 4th ed. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp.x + 498.
1921 5th ed. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp. ix + 474.
1922 6th cd. (Reprint of 5th ed. except for new preface and revised bibliography.) Pp.vii + 478.
1922 7th ed. (Reprint of 6th ed.).
1925 Gesammelte Schriften, 2 and part of 3. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp. 543 and 1-185.
1930 8th ed. (Enlarged and revised.) Pp.x + 435.
1942 Gesammelte Werke, Double volumc 2/3. (Reprint of 8th ed.) Pp. xv + 1-642.
(B) English Translations:
1913 First English translation (by A. A. Brill), London and New York. Pp. xiii + 510.
1915 2nd cd. (Reprint of 1913.)
1932 3rd ed. (Completely revised and largely rewritten by various unspecified hands.) London and Ncw York. Pp.6oo.
1938 In 'The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud', 181-549, New York. (Incomplete reprint of 3rd ed., lacking almost all of Chapter I.)
1953 Standard Edition, 4 and part of 5. Pp. xxxii + 1-338 and 339-627: Translated by James Strachey.
Also Penguin Freud Library (pfl) : Volume 4, The Interpretation of Dreams : 1976
(2) Availability
A copy in word available at www.LacanianWorksExchange.net / freud. Please note: Many transcription errors have been removed, and more remain. You are advised to check with a printed edition.
(2b) A copy with footnotes of part of (E) The Primary and Secondary Processes – Repression: p756 – 762 of pfl, Volume 4, The Interpretation of Dreams: of the Section VI The Dream-Work, Part (G) Absurd Dreams – Intellectual Activity in Dreams: pfl p759 onwards is available in Notes on p19-27 of Seminar VII: 25th November 1959: Reading Group of 27th October by Julia Evans on October 27, 2012 or here
(2c) Editor's Introduction to Sigmund Freud's Interpretation of Dreams : 1953 : James Strachey : Available here
(2d) Letter from Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess known as Letter 114 : 6th August 1899 : Sigmund Freud or here : Sigmund Freud outlines the process used when writing this text & comments on its publication.
(2e) Letter to Wilhelm Fliess known as Letter 119 : 21st September 1899 : Sigmund Freud or here : Sigmund Freud's criticisms of 'Interpretation of Dreams' style and literary form.
(2f) Chapter II The Method of Interpreting Dreams : an Analysis of a Specimen Dream (Irma's injection) :
p169-199 of Interpretation of Dreams : October 1899 [1900] : Published Penguin Freud Library : Volume 4, Interpretation of Dreams : 1991
Available www.LacanianWorksExchange.net /freud
Also : Documents which help explain Freud's case of Mathilde S. and its relation to the Mathilde in Freud's dream of Irma's injection in Chapter II of The Interpretation of Dreams. Available bilingual at www.Freud2Lacan.com /Freud/Philosophy-9. Mathilde Schleicher page
(2g) Chapters I – IV, Chapter V, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Bibliography & Indices for SE IV & V are published bilingual at www.Freud2Lacan.com /home page (1. The complete bilingual of THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS and ON DREAMS)
(3) Contents (page numbers as in the pfl edition)
From Interpretation of dreams (Strachey, J. (1953). The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams (First Part), i-xiii. The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, London.)
|THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS (1900): Sigmund Freud
|(A) The Relation of Dreams to Waking Life
|(B) The Material of Dreams—Memory in Dreams
|(C) The Stimuli and Sources of Dreams
|(1) External Sensory Stimuli
|(2) Internal (Subjective) Sensory Excitations
|(3) Internal Organic Somatic Stimuli
|(4) Psychical Sources of Stimulation
|(D) Why Dreams are Forgotten after Waking
|(E) The Distinguishing Psychological Characteristics of Dreams
|(F) The Moral Sense in Dreams
|(G) Theories of Dreaming and its Function
|(H) The Relations between Dreams and Mental Diseases
|Postscript, 1909
|Postscript, 1914
– v –
|(A) Recent and Indifferent Material in Dreams
|(B) Infantile Material as a Source of Dreams
|(C) The Somatic Sources of Dreams
|(D) Typical Dreams
|(α) Embarrassing Dreams of Being Naked
|(β) Dreams of the Death of Persons of whom the Dreamer is Fond
|(γ) Other Typical Dreams
|(δ) Examination Dreams
|(A) The Work of Condensation
|(B) The Work of Displacement
|(C) The Means of Representation in Dreams(D) Considerations of Representability(E) Representation by Symbols in Dreams – Some Further Typical Dreams(F) Some Examples – Calculations and Speeches in dreams(G) Absurd Dreams – Intellectual activity in dreams(H) Affects in Dreams(I) Secondary RevisionVII THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE DREAM PROCESS(A) The Forgetting of Dreams(B) Regression(C) Wish-Fulfilment(D) Arousal in Dreams – The Function of Dreams – Anxiety-Dreams(E) The Unconscious and Consciousness – RealityAppendix: List of Writings by Freud dealing predominantly or largely with DreamsBibliographiesIndex of Dreams
(4) CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE (pfl p27f)
This table traces very roughly some of the main turning-points in Freud's intellectual development and opinions. A few of the chief events in his external life are also included in it.
Available from www.LacanianWorksExchange.net /freud
(5) EDITOR'S (James Strachey) INTRODUCTION
Die Traumdeutung was actually first published early in November, 1899, though its title-page was post-dated into the new century. It was one of the two books – the 'Three Essays on the Thcory of Sexuality (1905d) was the other – which Freud kept more or less systematically 'up to date' as they passed through their series of editions. After the third edition of the Present work, the changes in it were not indicated in any way; and this produced a somewhat confusing effect on the reader of the later editions, since the new material sometimes implied a knowledge of modifications in Freud's views dating from times long subsequent to the period at which the book was originally written. In an attempt to get over this difficulty, the editors of the first collected edition of Freud's works (the Gesammelte Schriften) reprinted the first edition of 'The Interpretation of Dreams' in its original form in one volume, and put into second volume all the material that had been added subsequently. Unfortunately, however, the work was not carried out very systematically, for the additions themselves were not dated and thereby much of the advantage of the plan was sacrificed. In subsequent editions a return was made to the old, undifferentiated single volume.
By far the greater number of additions dealing with any single subject are those concerned with symbolism in dreams. Freud explains at the beginning of Chapter VI, Section E (p.466 pfl) of the present work, that he arrived late at a full realization of the importance of this side of the subject. In the first edition, the discussion of symbolism was limited to a few pages at the end of the Section on 'Consideration of Representability' in Chapter VI. In the second edition (1909), nothing was added to this Section; but, on the other hand, several pages on sexual symbolism were inserted at the end of the Section on 'Typical Dreams' in Chapter V. These were very considerably expanded in the third edition (1911), while the original passage in Chapter VI still remained unaltered. A reorganization was evidently overdue, and in the fourth edition (1914) an entirely new Section on symbolism was introduced into Chapter VI, and into this the material on the subject that had accumulated in Chapter V was now transplanted, together with a quantity of entirely fresh material. No changes in the structure of the book were made in later editions, though much further matter was added. After the two-volume version (1925) – that is, in the eighth edition (1930) – some passages in the Section on 'Typical Dreams' in Chapter V, which had been altogether dropped at an earlier stage, were re-inserted.
In the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh editions (that is from 1914 to 1922), two essays by Otto Rank ('Dreams and Creative Writing' and 'Dreams and Myths') were printed at the end of Chapter VI, but were subsequently omitted.
There remain the bibliographies. The first edition contained a list of some eighty books, to the great majority of which Freud refers in the text. This was left unchanged in the second and third editions, but in the third a second list was added, of some forty books written since 1900. Thereafter both lists began to increase rapidly, till in the eighth edition the first list contained some 260 works and the second over 200. At this stage only a minority of the titles in the first (pre-1900) list were of books actually mentioned in Freud's text; while, on the other hand, the second (post-1900) list (as may be gathered from Freud's own remarks in his various prefaces) could not really keep pace with the production of analytic or quasi-analytic writings on the subject. Furthermore, quite a number of works quoted by Freud in the text were not to be found in either list. According to a letter from Freud to André Breton (1933e), from the fourth edition onwards Otto Rank was entirely responsible for these bibliographies.
(2) The Present English Edition
The present translation is based on the double volume 2/3 of Gesammelte Werke, which is itself a reprint of the eighth (1930) edition – the last published during its author's life. It is re-printed, with corrections and some editorial modifications, from the Standard Edition, which differs from all previous editions (both German and English) in an important respect, for it is in the nature of a 'Variorum' edition. An effort has been made to indicate, with dates, every alteration of substance introduced into the book since its first issue. An effort has been made to indicate, with daates, every alteration of substance introduced into the book since its first issue. Throughout the succeeding editions, Freud was more concerned to add material, rather than to cut anything out. Cancelled Passages and earlier versions of material later dropped or greatly modified by Freud have not, for the most part, been reproduced in the present edition [Footnote 1, p36 They will, however, be found in the footnotes to Volumes 4 and 5 of the 'Standard Edition'.], though a few examples, which seemed of particular interest have been included in the editorial footnotes. Rank's two appendices to Chapter VI have been omitted (they are also excluded from the Standard Edition): the essays are entirely self-contained and have no direct connection, with Freud's book, and they would have filled another fifty pages or so.
The bibliographies have been entirely recast and have been reproduced here, with corrections and additions from Volume 5 of the English Standard Edition of Freud's works. The first bibliography contains a list of every work actually referred to in the text or footnotes or in the introductory sections of the present volume. The second contains all the works in the Gesammelte Werke pre-1900 list not actually quoted by Freud. It has seemed worth while to print this, since no other comparably full bibliography of the older literature on dreams is easily accessible. Writings after 1900, apart from those actually quoted and so in the first bibliography, have been disregarded. A warning must, however, be issued in regard to both these lists. Investigation revealed a very high proportion of errors in the previous German bibliographies. These were corrected wherever possible in the Standard Edition, and a certain number more have been eliminated in the present edition; but quite a number of the entries have proved so far untraceable, and these (which arc distinguished by an asterisk) must be regarded as suspect.
Editorial additions, which include footnotes, references for quotations, and a large number of internal cross-references, arc printed in square brackets. [By and large, James Strachey's additions are missing from the copy available to download.]
A word must be added upon the translation itself. Great attention has had, of course, to be paid to the details of the wording of the text of dreams. Where the English rendering strikes the reader as unusually stiff, he may assume that the stiffness has been imposed by some verbal necessity determined by the interpretation that is to follow. Where there arc inconsistencies between different versions of the text of the same dream, he may assume that there are parallel inconsistencies in the original. These verbal difficulties culminate in the fairly frequent instances in which an interpretation depends entirely upon a pun. There are three methods of dealing with such situations. The translator can omit the dream entirely, or he can replace it by another parallel dream, whether derived from his own experience or fabricated ad hoc. These two methods have been the ones adopted in the main in the earlier translations of the book. But there are serious objections to them. We must remember that we arc dealing with a scientific classic. What we want to hear about arc the examples chosen by Freud – not by someone else. Accordingly the present translator has adopted the pedantic and tiresome third alternative of keeping the original German pun and laboriously explaining it in a square bracket or footnote. Any amusement that might be got out of it completely evaporates in the process. But that, unfortunately, is a sacrifice that has to be made.
(3) Historical
As we learn from his letter to Fliess (1950a), [SeeLetter to Wilhelm Fliess known as Letter 114 : 6th August 1899 : Sigmund Freud or here] Freud worked intermittently on the book from late in 1897 until September, 1889. The theories expressed in it, however, had been developing, and the material accumulating, for a considerable time before this.
Apart from a number of scattered references to the subject which, in his correspondence, go back at least as early as 1882 – the first important published evidence of Freud's interest in dreams occurs in the course of a long footnote to the case of Frau Emmy von N., under the date of May 15, in Breuer and Freud's Studies on Hysteria (1895), (pfl P.F.L., v3, p127 n). He is discussing the fact that neurotic patients seem to be under a necessity to bring into association with one another any ideas that happen to be simultaneously present in their minds. He goes on: 'Not long ago I was able to convince myself of the strength of a compulsion of this kind towards association from some observations made in a different field. For several weeks I found myself obliged to exchange my usual bed for a harder one, in which I had more numerous or more vivid dreams, or in which, it may be, I was unable to reach the normal depth of sleep. In the first quarter of an hour after waking I remembered all the dreams I had had during the night, and I took the trouble to write them down and try to solve them. I succeeded in tracing all these dreams back to two factors: (1) to the necessity for working out any ideas which I had only dwelt upon cursorily during the day – which had only been touched upon and not finally dealt with; and (2) to the compulsion to link together any ideas that might be present in the same state of consciousness. The senseless and contradictory character of the dreams could be traced back to the uncontrolled ascendancy of this latter factor.'
In September of this same year (1895) Freud wrote the first part of his 'Project for a Scientific Psychology' (published as an Appendix to thc Fliess correspondence [See The Project for a Scientific Psychology: 23rd & 25th September & 5th October 1895: Sigmund Freud or here ]) and Sections 19, 20 and 21 of this 'Project' constitute a first approach to a coherent theory of dreams. It already includes many important elements which re-appear in the present work, such as (1) the wish-fulfilling character of dreams, (2) their hallucinatory character, (3) the regressive functioning of the mind in hallucinations and dreams, (4) the fact that the state of sleep involves motor paralysis, (5) the nature of the mechanism of displacement in dreams and (5) the similarity between the mechanisms of dreams and of neurotic symptoms. More than all this, however, the 'Project' gives a clear indication of what is probably the most momentous of the discoveries given to the world in The Interpretation of Dreams- the distinction between the two different modes of mental functioning, the Primary and Secondary Processes.
This, however, is far from exhausting the importance of the 'Project' and of the letters to Fliess written in connection with it towards the end of 1895. It is no exaggeration to say that much of the seventh chapter of The Interpretation of Dreams and, indeed, of Freud's later 'rnetapsychological' studies, has only become fully intelligible since the publication of the 'Project'.
Although it is not possible to enter here into any detailed discussion of the subject, [Footnote below] the crux of the position can, however, be indicated quite simply.
[Footnote: The reader will find further information in the volume itself (Freud, 1950a), and in Ernst Kris's illuminating introduction to it [See Introduction to 'The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess 1887-1904′ : 1950 : Ernst Kris or here]. Siegfried Bernfeld's paper on 'Freud's Earliest Theories (1944) is also of great interest in this connection.]
The essence of Freud's 'Project' lay in the notion of combining into a single whole two theories of different origin. The first of these was derived ultimately from the physiological school of Helmholtz, of which Freud's teacher,the physiologist Brücke,was a principal member. According to this theory, neurophysiology, and consequently psychology, was governed by purely chemico-physical laws. Such, for instance, was the 'principle of constancy', frequently mentioned by both Freud and Breuer and expressed in these terms in 1892 (in a posthumously published draft, Breuer and Freud, 1940): 'The nervous system endeavours to keep constant something in its functional relations that we may describe as the "sum of excitation".' The second main theory called into play by Freud in his 'Project' was the anatomical doctrine of the neurone, which was becoming accepted by neuro-anatomists at the end of the eighties. (The term 'neurone' was only introduced, by Waldeyer, in 1891.) This doctrine laid it down that the functional unit of the central nervous system was a distinct cell, having no direct anatomical continuity with adjacent cells. The opening sentences of the 'Project' show clearly how its basis lay in a combination of these two theories. Its aim, wrote Freud, was 'to represent psychical processes as quantitatively determinate states of specifiable material particles'. He went on to postulate that these 'material particles' were the neurones and that what distinguished their being in a state of activity from their being in a state of rest was a 'quantity' which was 'subject to the general laws of motion'. Thus a neurone might either be 'empty' or 'filled with a certain quantity', that is' cathected'. [Footnote 1: It must be emphasized that these speculations of Freud's date from a period many years before any systematic investigations had been made into the nature of nervous impulses and the conditions governing their transmission.] 'Nervous excitation' was to be interpreted as a 'quantity' flowing through a system of neurones, and such a current might cither be resisted or facilitated according to the state of the 'contact-barriers' between the neurones. (It was only later, in 1897, that the term 'synapse' was introduced by Foster and Sherrington.) The functioning of the whole nervous system was subject to a general principle of inertia', according to which neurones always tend to get rid of any 'quantity' with which they may be filled – a principle correlative with the principle of 'constancy'. Using these and similar concepts as his bricks, Freud constructed a highly complicated and extraordinarily ingenious working model of the mind as a piece of neurological machinery.
But obscurities and difficulties began to accumulate and, during the months after writing the 'Project', Freud was continually emending his theories. As time passed, his interest was gradually diverted from neurological and theoretical on to psychological and clinical problems, and he eventually abandoned the entire scheme. And when some years later, in the seventh chapter of the present book, he took the theoretical problem up once more – though he certainly never gave up his belief that ultimately a physical groundwork for psychology would be established [Footnote 1: – Cf. the remark below (p. 758f .) in his discussion of the primary and secondary processes : 'The mechanics of these processes are quite unknown to me; anyone who wished to take these ideas seriously would have.to look for physical analogies to them and find a means of picturing the movements that accompany excitation of neurones.'] – the neurophysiological basis was ostensibly dropped. Nevertheless – and this is why the 'Project' is of importance to readers of The Interpretation of Dreams – much of the general pattern of the earlier scheme, and many of its elements, were carried over into the new one. The systems of neurones, which Freud had previously postulated, were replaced by psychical systems or agencies; a hypothetical 'cathexis' of psychical energy took the place of the physical 'quantity'; the principle of inertia became the basis of the pleasure (or, as Freud here called it, the unpleasure) principle. Moreover, some of the detailed accounts of psychical processes given in the seventh chapter owe much to their physiological forerunners and can be more easily understood by reference to them. This applies, for instance, to the description of the laying down of memory-traces in the 'mnemic systems', to the discussion of the nature of wishes and of the different ways of satisfying them, and to the stress laid upon the part played by verbal thought-processes in the making of adjustments to the demands of reality.
All of this is enough largely to justify Freud's assertion that The Interpretation of Dreams' was finished in all essentials at the beginning of 1896 '(Freud, 'On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement', 1914d, near the end of section I). (Three points of theoretical importance, which Freud only established later, were the existence of the Oedipus complex – which led to the emphasis on the infantile roots of the unconscious wishes underlying dreams-, the omnipresence in dreams of the wish to sleep, and the part played by 'secondary revision'.)
Both the manuscript and the proofs were regularly submitted to Fliess by Freud for his criticism. He seems to have had considerable influence on the final shape of the book, and to have been responsible for the omission of certain passages, evidently on grounds of discretion. But the severest criticisms came from the author himself and these were directed principally against the style and literary form. 'I think', he wrote on 21 September, 1899 (1950a, Letter 119 – See Letter to Wilhelm Fliess known as Letter 119 : 21st September 1899 : Sigmund Freud or here), when the book was finished, 'my self-criticism was not entirely unjustified. Somewhere hidden within me I too have some fragmentary sense of form, some appreciation of beauty as a species of perfection; and the involved sentences of my book on dreams, bolstered up on indirect phrases and with sidelong glances at their subject-matter, have gravely affronted some ideal within me. And I am scarcely wrong in regarding this lack of form as a sign of an incomplete mastery of the material.'
_But in spite of these self-criticisms, and in spite of the depression which followed the almost total neglect of the book by the outside world – only 351 copies were sold in the first six years after publication- The Interpretation of Dreams was always regarded by Freud as his most important work: 'Insight such as this', as he wrote in his preface to the third English edition, 'falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime
(6) Prefaces by Sigmund Freud
Preface to the First Edition (pfl p 44-45)
I have attempted in this volume to give an account of the interpretation of dreams; and in doing so I have not, I believe, trespassed beyond the sphere of interest covered by neuro-pathology. For psychological investigation shows that the dream is the first member of a class of abnormal psychical phenomena of which further members, such as hysterical phobias, obsessions and delusions, are bound for practical reasons to be a matter of concern to physicians. As will be seen in the sequel, dreams can make no such claim to practical importance; but their theoretical value as a paradigm is on the other hand proportionately greater. Anyone who has failed to explain the origin of dream-images can scarcely hope to understand phobias, obsessions or delusions or to bring a therapeutic influence to bear on them.
But the same correlation that is responsible for the importance of the subject must also bear the blame for the deficiencies of the present work. The broken threads which so frequently interrupt my presentation are nothing less than the many points of contact between the problem of the formation of dreams and the more comprehensive problems of psycho pathology. These cannot be treated here, but, if time and strength allow and further material comes to hand, will form the subject of later communications.
The difficulties of presentation have been further increased by the peculiarities of the material which I have had to use to illustrate the interpreting of dreams. It will become plain in the course of the work itself why it is that none of the dreams already reported in the literature of the subject or collected from unknown sources could be of any use for my purposes. The only dreams open to my choice were my own and those of my patients undergoing psycho-analytic treatment. But I was precluded from using the latter material by the fact that in its case the dream-processes were subject to an undesirable complication owing to the added presence of neurotic features. But if I was to report my own dreams, it inevitably followed that I should have to reveal to the public gaze more of the intimacies of my mental life than I liked, or than is normally necessary for any writer who is a man of science and not a poet. Such was the painful but unavoidable necessity; and I have submitted to it rather than totally abandon the possibility of giving the evidence for my psychological findings. Naturally, however, I have been unable to resist the temptation of taking the edge off some of my indiscretions by omissions and substitutions. But whenever this has happened, the value of my instance has been very definitely diminished. I can only express a hope that readers of this book will put themselves in my difficult situation and treat me with indulgence, and further, that anyone who finds any sort of reference to himself in my dreams may be willing to grant me the right of freedom of thought – in my dream-life, if nowhere else.
Preface to the Second Edition (pfl p46-48)
If within ten years of the publication of this book (which is very far from being an easy one to read) a second edition is called for, this is not due to the interest taken in it by the professional circles to whom my original preface was addressed. My psychiatric colleagues seem to have taken no trouble to overcome the initial bewilderment created by my new approach to dreams. The professional philosophers have become accustomed to polishing off the problems of dream-life (which they treat as a mere appendix to conscious states) in a few sentences – and usually in the same ones; and they have evidently failed to notice that we have something here from which a number of inferences can be drawn that are bound to transform our psychological theories. The attitude adopted by reviewers in the scientific periodicals could only lead one to suppose that my work was doomed to be sunk into complete silence; while the small group of gallant supporters, who practise medical psycho-analysis under my guidance and who follow my example in interpreting dreams and make use of their interpretations in treating neurotics, would never have exhausted the first edition of the book. Thus it is that I feel indebted to a wider circle of educated and curious-minded readers, whose interest has led me to take up once more after nine years this difficult, but in many respects fundamental, work.
I am glad to say that I have found little to change in it. Here and there I have inserted some new material, added some fresh points of detail derived from my increased experience, and at some few points recast my statements. But the essence of what I have written about dreams and their interpretation, as well as about the psychological theorems to be deduced from them – all this remains unaltered: subjectively at all events, it has stood the test of time. Anyone who is acquainted with my other writings (on the aetiology and mechanism of the psycho-neuroses) will know that I have never put forward inconclusive opinions as though they were established facts, and that I have always sought to modify my statements so that they may keep in step with my advancing knowledge. In the sphere of dream-life I have been able to leave my original assertions unchanged. During the long years in which I have been working at the problems of the neuroses I have often been in doubt and sometimes been shaken in my convictions. At such times it has always been the Interpretation of Dreams that has given me back my certainty. It is thus a sure instinct which has led my many scientific opponents to refuse to follow me more especially in my researches upon dreams.
An equal durability and power to withstand any far-reaching alterations during the process of revision has been shown by the material of the book, consisting as it does of dreams of my own which have for the most part been overtaken or made valueless by the march of events and by which I illustrated the rules of dream-interpretation. For this book has a further subjective significance for me personally – a significance which I only grasped after I had completed it. It was, I found, a portion of my own self-analysis, my reaction to my father's death-that is to say, to the most important event, the most poignant loss, of a man's life. Having discovered that this was so, I felt unable to obliterate the traces of the experience. To my readers, however, it will be a matter of indifference upon what particular material they learn to appreciate the importance of dreams and how to interpret them.
Wherever I have found it impossible to incorporate some essential addition into the original context, I have indicated its more recent date by enclosing it in square brackets.¹
BERCHTESGADEN, Summer 1908
¹ [Footnote added 1914.] In later editions these were omitted.
Preface to the Third Edition (pfl p 49-50)
Nine years elapsed between the first and second editions of this book, but after scarcely more than a single year a third edition has become necessary. This new turn of events may please me; but just as formerly I was unwilling to regard the neglect of my book by readers as evidence of its worthlessness, so I cannot claim that the interest which is now being taken in it is a proof of its excellence.
Even the Interpretation of Dreams has not been left untouched by the advance of scientific knowledge. When I wrote it in 1899, my theory of sexuality was not yet in existence and the analysis of the more complicated forms of psycho-neurosis was only just beginning. It was my hope that dream-interpretation would help to make possible the psychological analysis of the neuroses; since then a deeper understanding of neuroses has reacted in turn upon our view of dreams. The theory of dream-interpretation has itself developed further in a direction on which insufficient stress had been laid in the first edition of this book. My own experience, as well as the works of Wilhelm Stekel and others, have since taught me to form a truer estimate of the extent and importance of symbolism in dreams (or rather in unconscious thinking ). Thus in the course of these years much has accumulated which demands attention. I have endeavoured to take these innovations into account by making numerous interpolations in the text and by additional footnotes. If these additions threaten at times to burst the whole framework of the book or if I have not everywhere succeeded in bringing the original text up to the level of our present knowledge, I must ask the reader's indulgence for these deficiencies: they are the results and signs of the present increasingly rapid development of our science. I may even venture to prophesy in what other directions later editions of this book – if any should be needed – will differ from the present one. They will have on the one hand to afford a closer contact with the copious material presented in imaginative writing, in myths, in linguistic usage and in folklore; while on the other hand they will have to deal in greater detail than has here been possible with the relations of dreams to neuroses and mental diseases.
Herr Otto Rank has given me valuable assistance in selecting the additional matter and has been entirely responsible for correcting the proofs. I owe my thanks to him and to many others for their contributions and corrections.
VIENNA, Spring 1911
Preface to the Fourth Edition (pfl p51)
Last year (1913) Dr. A. A. Brill of New York produced an English translation of this book (The Interpretation of Dreams, G. Allen & Co., London).
On this occasion Dr. Otto Rank has not only corrected the proofs but has also contributed two self-contained chapters to the text – the appendices to Chapter VI.
VIENNA, June 1914
Preface to the Fifth Edition (p52)
Interest in the Interpretation of Dreams has not flagged even during the World War, and while it is still in progress a new edition has become necessary. It has not been possible, however, to notice fully publications since 1914; neither Dr. Rank nor I have any knowledge of foreign works since that date.
A Hungarian translation, prepared by Dr. Hollós and Dr. Ferenczi, is on the point of appearing. In 1916-17 my Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis were published in Vienna by Hugo Heller. The central section of these, comprising eleven lectures, is devoted to an account of dreams which aims at being more elementary and at being in closer contact with the theory of the neuroses than the present work. On the whole it is in the nature of an epitome of the Interpretation of Dreams, though at certain points it enters into greater detail.
I have not been able to bring myself to embark upon any fundamental revision of this book, which might bring it up to the level of our present psycho-analytic views but would on the other hand destroy its historic character. I think, however, that after an existence of nearly twenty years it has accomplished its task.
BUDAPEST-STEINBRUCH, July 1918
Preface to the Sixth Edition (pfl p53)
Owing to the difficulties in which the book trade is placed at present, this new edition has long been in demand, and the preceding edition has, for the first time, been reprinted without any alterations. Only the bibliography at the end of the volume has been completed and brought up to date by Dr. Otto Rank.
Thus my assumption that after an existence of nearly twenty years this book had accomplished its task has not been confirmed. On the contrary, I might say that it has a new task to perform. If its earlier function was to offer some information on the nature of dreams, now it has the no less important duty of dealing with the obstinate misunderstandings to which that information is subject.
VIENNA, April 1921
Preface to the Eighth Edition (pfl p54-55)
During the interval between the publication of the last (seventh) edition of this book in 1922 and the present one, my Gesammelte Schriften have been issued in Vienna by the Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag. The second volume of that collection consists of an exact reprint of the first edition of the Interpretation of Dreams, while the third volume contains all the additions that have since been made to it. The translations of the book which have appeared during the same interval are based upon the usual, single-volume, form of the work: a French one by I. Meyerson published under the title of La science des rêves in the 'Bibliothèque de Philosophie Contemporaine' in 1926; a Swedish one by John Landquist, Drömtydning (1927); and a Spanish one by Luis López Ballesteros y de Torres, which occupies Volumes VI and VII of the Obras Completas. The Hungarian translation, which I thought was on the point of completion as long ago as in 1918, has even now not appeared.
In the present revised edition of the work I have again treated it essentially as an historic document and I have only made such alterations in it as were suggested by the clarification and deepening of my own opinions. In accordance with this, I have finally given up the idea of including a list of works on the problems of dreams published since the book's first appearance, and that section has now been dropped. The two essays which Otto Rank contributed to earlier editions, on 'Dreams and Creative Writing' and 'Dreams and Myths', have also been omitted.
VIENNA, December 1929
Preface to the Third (Revised) English Edition (pfl p56)
In 1909 G. Stanley Hall invited me to Clark University, in Worcester, to give the first lectures on psycho-analysis. In the same year Dr. Brill published the first of his translations of my writings, which were soon followed by further ones. If psycho-analysis now plays a role in American intellectual life, or if it does so in the future, a large part of this result will have to be attributed to this and other activities of Dr. Brill's.
His first translation of The Interpretation of Dreams appeared in 1913. Since then much has taken place in the world, and much has been changed in our views about the neuroses. This book, with the new contribution to psychology which surprised the world when it was published (1900), remains essentially unaltered. It contains, even according to my present-day judgement, the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my good fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime.
VIENNA, March 15, 1931
(7) APPENDIX (Penguin Freud Library: p784-785) : LIST OF WRITINGS BY FREUD DEALING PREDOMINANTLY OR LARGELY WITH DREAMS
[It would scarcely be an exaggeration to say that dreams are alluded to in the majority of Freud's writings. The following list of works (of greatly varying importance) may however be of some practical use. The date at the beginning of each entry is that of the year during which the work in question was written. The date at the end is that of publication; and under that date fuller particulars of the work will be found in the General Bibliography. The items in square brackets were published posthumously.]
[1895 'Project for a Scientific Psychology' (Sections 19, 20 and 21 of Part I). (1950a) Available : The Project for a Scientific Psychology: 23rd & 25th September & 5th October 1895: Sigmund Freud or here]
1899 The Interpretation of Dreams. (1900a.)
[1899 'A Premonitory Dream Fulfilled.' (1941c.) Availability: A Premonitory Dream Fulfilled : 10th November 1899 : Sigmund Freud or here ]
1901 On Dreams (1901a) (Available: On Dreams : 1901: Sigmund Freud or here)
1901 'Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria.' [Original title: 'Dreams and Hysteria.'] (1905e).
1905 Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious (Chapter VI). (1905c.)
1907 Delusions and Dreams in Jensen's 'Gradiva'. (1907a.)
1910 'A Typical Example of a Disguised Oedipus Dream.'(1910l.)
1911 'Additions to the Interpretation of Dreams.' (1911a.)
1911 'The Handling of Dream-Interpretation in Psycho-analysis.' (1911c.)
1911 'Dreams in Folklore' (with Ernst Oppenheim). (1958a)
1913 'An Evidential Dream' (1913a. )
1913 'The Occurrence in Dreams of Material from Fairy Tales.' (1913d)
1913 'Observations and Examples from Analytic Practice.' (1913h.)
1914 'The Representation in a Dream of a "Great Achievement".' (19143.)
1914 'From the History of an Infantile Neurosis' (Section IV). (1918b.)
1916 Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (Part II). (1916-1917.)
1917 'A Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams.' 1915 [1917d]
Published 1917d: 'Metapsychologishe Ergänzung zur Traumlehre': Collected Papers vol 4 p137 or SE XIV or PFL vol 11 'On Metapsychology' p223 – 244, published bilingual by www.Freud2Lacan.com / Freud: The Metapsychological Papers, Papers on Technique and others (9. A Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams)
1920 'Supplements to the Theory of Dreams.' (1920f.)
1922 'Dreams and Telepathy.' (1922a)
1923 'Remarks upon the Theory and Practice of Dream-Interpretation.' (1923c.)
1923 Josef Popper-Lynkeus and the Theory of Dreams.' (1923f.)
1925 'Some Additional Notes on Dream-Interpretation as a Whole.' (1925i.)
1929 'A Letter to Maxime Leroy on a Dream of Descartes.'(1929b.)
1932 'My Contact with Josef Popper-Lynkeus.' (1932c.)
1932 New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (Lectures 29 and 30). (1933a.)
[1938 An Outline of Psycho-Analysis (Chapter V). (1940a)]
(8) BIBLIOGRAPHIES (pfl p 789)
A : Author Index and List of Works referred to in the Text.
B : List of other 'Works on Dreams Published Before the Year 1900
Availability: Both List A & B available at www.LacanianWorksExchange.net /freud
A : Dreamt by Freud himself : Pfl p819 –
B : Dreamt by Others (The names or descriptions in brackets are the dreamers followed by the reporter's.)
Both lists available at www.LacanianWorksExchange.net /freud
Note : If links to any required text do not work, check www.LacanianWorksExchange.net. If a particular text or book remains absent, contact Julia Evans.
Practicing Lacanian Psychoanalyst
Other texts
Click on categories in the right hand margin, then scroll down.
'The Symbolic in the 21st century' https://lacanianworks.net/category/works-in-progress/lw-working-group/
Ethics https://lacanianworks.net/category/networking-politics/a-ethics/
Definitions of humanness https://lacanianworks.net/category/networking-politics/b-policy/i-definitions-of-humanness/
By Sigmund Freud https://lacanianworks.net/category/by-author/freud-sigmund/
Notes on texts by Sigmund Freud https://lacanianworks.net/category/works-in-progress/freud/
By Jacques Lacan https://lacanianworks.net/category/by-author/lacan-jacques/
Notes on texts by Jacques Lacan https://lacanianworks.net/category/works-in-progress/lacan/
Use of power https://lacanianworks.net/category/networking-politics/b-policy/ii-use-of-power/
Of the clinic https://lacanianworks.net/category/practice/case-studies/case-studies-clinical/
Ordinary Psychosis https://lacanianworks.net/category/practice/case-studies/case-studies-clinical/ordinary-psychosis/
On autism https://lacanianworks.net/category/practice/case-studies/case-studies-clinical/autism/
Lacanian Transmission https://lacanianworks.net/category/networking-politics/a-ethics/lacanian-transmission/
Some Lacanian History https://lacanianworks.net/category/lacanianworks-references-to-freud-lacan/some-lacanian-history/
Topology https://lacanianworks.net/category/practice/case-studies/case-studies-clinical/topology-and-the-clinic/
From LW working groups https://lacanianworks.net/category/works-in-progress/
By Julia Evans http://www.lacanianworks.net/?p=12365


text:
Niina Bisheva, MD, is currently Resident of Clinical Oncology (4th year) at the Department of Chemotherapy, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia.
Dr Bisheva graduated in Medicine at Tartu University in 2008 and, since 2008, she has undertaken the graduate specialisation in Clinical Oncology at Tartu University, Estonia.
Dr Bisheva worked as an Emergency Department doctor at the East Estonian Central Hospital from 2009-2011, and as a consulting physician for oncology patients with cardiovascular problems at the Internal Medicine Clinic in North Estonia Medical Centre in 2010.
Dr Bisheva's research is presently on PET use in radiotherapy planning for the head and neck cancer patients. She did a GCP training for investigators in 2011 and a training in Internal Medicine Emergencies in East Tallinn Hospital in 2010.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Evinopon 1% Pregnancy
Evinopon 1% crosses the placenta. Birth defects have been observed following in utero NSAID exposure in some studies; however, data is conflicting (Bloor 2013). Nonteratogenic effects, including prenatal constriction of the ductus arteriosus, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, oligohydramnios, necrotizing enterocolitis, renal dysfunction or failure, and intracranial hemorrhage have been observed in the fetus/neonate following in utero NSAID exposure. In addition, nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus postnatally may occur and be resistant to medical management (Bermas 2014; Bloor 2013). Because they may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, product labeling for Evinopon 1% specifically states use should be avoided starting at 30 weeks' gestation.
Use of NSAIDs can be considered for the treatment of mild rheumatoid arthritis flares in pregnant women; however, use should be minimized or avoided early and late in pregnancy (Bermas 2014; Saavedra Salinas 2015). If treatment of migraine is needed in pregnant women, agents other than Evinopon 1% are preferred (Amundsen 2015).
Use is not recommended Excreted into human milk: Yes The effects in the nursing infant are unknown.
The data on excretion into breast milk is limited. One women receiving 150 mg daily had milk levels of 100 mcg/L, equivalent to an infant dose of about 0.03 mg/kg/day. Six mothers receiving 100 mg orally daily for 1 week postpartum had undetectable levels in their milk. While it does appear to pass in small amounts, some experts consider this drug to be acceptable during breast feeding, however other agents have more published information and may be preferred, especially when nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
See references
There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one!
Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology


text:
In an increasingly digital world, designing physical products that are genuinely useful and evoke an emotion from the consumer, is a tough challenge, according to Gadi Amit, president and principal designer at NewDealDesign, on the latest episode of TheCurrent Innovators.
With tech's fast-moving evolution comes a need to design objects that are sustainable and desirable, he highlights in his conversation with Liz Bacelar. Best known as the designer behind the original FitBit wearable device, Amit thinks technology is still very much about utility, but that pioneers such as Apple's Steve Jobs and Jony Ive have ignited change. Consumers are now becoming increasingly accustomed to technology pervading many aspects of their lives, and as a result are looking for objects that enhance their personal experiences by creating deeper connections, he says.
When developing a successful wearable product, for instance, brands need to look beyond designing status-seeking elements to ask basic questions, such as: "What does it do for you? How does it enhance your life?", says Amit. He reiterates that an object's uniqueness lies in its true experiential value, and not just the label.
Listen here: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Play | Stitcher | RSS
For luxury, an industry that has struggled to enter the fast-moving market of digital technologies while retaining its products' values of longevity, Amit suggests starting with the values of the brand first, and building the technology that speaks to it.
For fashion the 2014 wearable boom was short-lived, as the market became overcrowded with products that consumer demand didn't respond to. Although Amit thinks this is partly because devices lacked uniqueness, this is also due to the fact that wearables are so difficult to design, he explains. He particularly contradicts a common notion in the fashion industry that technology within wearables should be made to be invisible – from a usability standpoint, there are always design elements that need to prioritize function over aesthetics, he comments.
"Wearables are different animals, they're not accessories in fashion. This is a piece of technology that needs to be on the human body, and therefore needs to be designed appropriately," he concludes.
The self-confessed "contrarian by nature" is tackling payments next, an industry that historically champions frictionless and simplified interactions. Research around how exchanging physical currency affects behaviors and creates subconscious connections led him to design a new device called Scrip. This induces friction by asking the user to swipe at it a few times in order to share digital currency, meaning users make more conscious spending decisions.
It acts as a cashpoint in the user's pocket, in which its tangibility plays a key role in triggering neural functions that automated payment systems like Apple Pay have hindered. In designing Scrip, Amit explains that it taps into the need to create objects that perfectly combine function and aesthetics in such a way that its owners will never render it obsolete.
Catch up with all of our episodes of TheCurrent Innovators here. The series is a weekly conversation with visionaries, executives and entrepreneurs. It's backed by TheCurrent, a consultancy transforming how consumer retail brands intersect with technology. We deliver innovative integrations and experiences, powered by a network of top technologies and startups. Get in touch to learn more.


text:
I loved this dresser but the second drawer would not open... even after Sean and I made adjustments it still would not slide nicely. Ended up just reselling. (Still made a profit bc styling/good pictures mean so much!)
This looks bad but it is totally fixable! The cracks aren't too wide which means wood filler can make the gaps almost nonexistent!
This is totally personal preference but for me this is a no go. You can not cover up the chunky arches and the baseboard looks frumpy to me.


text:
Specializing in Original Black Art created by Emerging and Aspiring Artist!
- Home
- Donate Now
- About Us
- Our Artist
- Private Art Exchange
- UnCovered
- "Kuumba" Art Exhibit
- What's Happening in BAT!
- Our Services
- Our Policies
- Contact Us
Specializing in Original Black Art created by Emerging and Aspiring Artist!
David W. M. Cassidy grew up in Compton and Los Angeles California. Graduated from George Washington (now Preparatory) High School in 1973. He received a B. A. in Urban and Rural Studies, University of California, San Diego, Third College, 1978. He served in the United States Navy as a Hospitalman (HM2), Field Medical Tech, X-Ray Tech, and Emergency Medical Tech. A graduate of the Interdenominational Theological Center (ITC), C.H. Mason Seminary, 1990 graduated with honors and received the Master of Divinity degree.
Rev. Dave was licensed in 1982, and ordained in 1990 by Bishop George Dallas McKinney Jr., Southern California 2nd Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, of the Church of God in Christ.
David W. M. Cassidy is a published writer, a published artist. He is a self-taught artist who has had no formal artistic education post high school. His medium of choice is oil painting. He is known for a cubist abstractionist style, the boldness of expression and attention to details of color and composition in his paintings. His artwork is owned by over 60 collectors through the United States and Africa. Author of, The Art of My Life, Blurb.com, and he has designed artwork for United Methodist Publishing House VBS projects; African Methodist Episcopal Church Devotionals, book covers, etc.
David W. M. Cassidy lives in Upper Marlboro, MD and is married to Rev. Lillian Catherine Smith, Pastor of Cheverly United Methodist Church, Cheverly, MD. He and Lillian have two sons, David Charles Jasper Smith-Cassidy and Hayward Felton Earl Smith-Cassidy.
What I do artistically is part of what I believe can be classified as a distinct genre in art, African American art. It is distinct because it comes out of a particular (although not monolithic) shared historical and sociopolitical reality, one that is unique to African Americans. This art cannot be totally divorced from what is known, as a broad category of art, African art. African art cannot be reduced to a monolithic category that can be easily separated from its expression in diaspora.
Distinctions in the use of color, subject matter, the voice of the art (how the art speaks and what it says), and materials used may distinguish African art from African American art, from African Caribbean, African Haitian, or African Brazilian, etc. Even so, the rhythm of the art and the cadence of the beat will flow with a certain familiarity that is purely African in flavor and therefore unmistakable. This is truer (I believe) of folk artist than it is of the academically trained artist. Especially when the trained artist foolishly allows "a prefabricated technique," or European artistic imperialism, to construct and dominate their work rather than natural creative curiosity within.
Art that comes out of the spirit and soul of the artist is far more useful than that which is merely the technical manipulation of substances. African American art can therefore be copied technologically, but it cannot be fully reproduced outside of the womb of soul and psyche of those who have been "gifted" existentially with the call to speak with that artistic voice.
African American art is not a mono-vocalization, but the voices of many waters fed by many tributaries of experiences. Empathic/emotional, I like to paint what I can feel. If I don't feel it, I can't paint it. I must be moved emotively before I can create artistically. It's a heart thing, then a head thing, then a hand thing.
So, my art is often complex, and I use a technique I call ghosting. You can see more than one image intersecting and bleeding through others. I love the intersecting of colors and my backgrounds contain the colors used in all parts of my canvas.
I am now trying to tell a story with my art, send a message through my art. I want you to spend time with my artwork. You must follow or read between the lines.
It is the spirit of the artist that makes art truly live. Art that comes out of the "raw" spirit and soul of the artist is far more useful than that which is merely the technical manipulation of substances. African American art can therefore be copied technologically, but it cannot be fully reproduced outside of the womb of soul and psyche of those who have been "gifted" existentially with the call to speak with an artistic voice. In my work I like to say it is not a mono-vocalization you hear, but the captive voices of many waters fed by many tributaries of shared experiences.
This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this site, you accept our use of cookies.
We are excited to announce that Black Art Today!, LLC is now Black Art Today, Inc. Maryland Trade Name, The Black Art Today Foundation, a 501 (c)(3) Public Charity. The change is only in name and structure, as we remain committed to fulfill our mission to promote artists that depict the African Diaspora in the forms of visual arts, literature, and performing arts.
We value and request your continued support during and at the completion of this transition. We firmly believe that as we grow and mature as an organization so does the art community as a whole.


text:
I knew from the start that great photography would help increase sales but thought we couldn't afford it.
New York City, NY (PRWEB) March 05, 2013
"I knew from the start that great photography would help increase sales but thought we couldn't afford it," says Cindy Devore owner of Valley Green Naturals, a small manufacturer of personal care products located in the Piedmont region of Virginia.
After moving from Washington DC to the green hills of Virginia Cindy, and her husband Art, wanted to become more self-reliant. They started making soap for their family and selling it locally. The soaps were a huge hit. In 2009, with a budget of $250, Cindy founded Valley Green Naturals. Her idea was to produce eco-friendly, natural personal care products. Today the company has grown to offer over 30 different products that are carried by large organic retailers such as Whole Foods and sold internationally.
"When I started to get excellent feedback on the quality of my products, I was motivated to take the company to a higher level of sales." With a background in marketing and communications Cindy knew how important was to show her products at their best. "I needed to upgrade our photography, but we had very little cash flow. Also being in a rural location, I didn't know where to begin to look for a photographer with the skills to make our products look great."
Cindy worked with New York studio Via U! to photograph her products. Via U! was founded with the idea of making it possible for small companies to get the same quality photography that large brands use to market their products. The company collaborates online with clients from around the world to create customize product photography. The studio delivers retouched, color-corrected high-resolution files for a flat fee of $70 per picture. "Our clients understand their brands and know best how to talk to their customers. We listen and learn, then make some suggestions on the kind of images we think could make the message stronger. Mariano Pastor, founder of Via U!, says " Cindy was doing her own photography before contacting us. She had a clear idea of how she wanted her products to feel and what she wanted us to help accomplish. The photography we created for her brand is similar to the pictures she was taking by herself - we just did it a lot better."
If a picture is worth a thousand words, to Valley Green Naturals it has been thousands of clicks. According to Cindy traffic to her website went up by 450%, with about 15,000 monthly visitors, over the first seven months after the upgrade. Sales increased substantially. "We found that by year's end, our sales, compared to the previous year, had gone up by over 400%. In our second year, our revenues had increased by over 1,000%."


text:
Is A Portable Pod System Right For You?
The portable pod system has actually been manufactured to give you an enjoyable vaping experience. In fact, the latest technology reached by mobile vaping, satisfying and easy at the same time.
These devices function to help you quit smoking and try vaping. One of the best things about these devices like smok nord pod, they are extremely easy to use.
Why choose an advanced mobile pod system?
The latest and advanced mobile pod system is well equipped with the cartridges containing the wick, e-juice and coil. In other words, the best system pod vape has everything you need.
Now the best thing about these pod systems is the fact that they are more powerful and certainly more advanced than their counterparts.
The pod systems are vape mediator amid simple pen and vape more advanced mod box. But in versatility in terms of capacity, e-juice and power, it is not none other than the nacelle systems.
Getting enough flavor and if you taste good vapor and steam of time, the pod system is what you need to invest in. Just choose the flavor you want and you are all vape from.
Comes pre-filled, ready to vape- another reason you may want to try the portable pod system is because it is pre-filled with e-juice. These are either disposable or rechargeable and come with cloves.
No complicated buttons or switches you can easily use as most of them do not have complicated buttons. These are mostly the mouth to the lung vaping device and you need to keep close to the mouth and inhales.
Comes fully charged- some of the devices are fully charged and ready to use out of the box. You just hold and start vaping.


text:
Amy Smart's Nipple Tape Only the Second Most Compelling Thing About 'Crank 2'
The Internet is celebrating Monday's first day of shooting on Crank 2: High Voltage the only way it really knows how: by circulating topless shots of co-star Amy Smart on location. Already knowing the plot (Jason Statham jams all over town to keep his artificial ticker above a lethal heart rate) and its general means of execution (public sex between Statham and Smart, for starters), we now have only the remaining mystery of how and exactly why Smart is bumming around the set with gaffer's tape on her nipples. After the jump, we think we may have discovered the root of her modesty.
After all, this just in from The Movie Blog:
Corey Haim will have a role in Crank 2. ... [Directors Mark] Neveldine and [Brian] Taylor always provide perverse and titillating sex sequences; I wonder if we will see Haim throw his hog around. They totally showed ALL of Alyssa Milano in Pathology, and I am wondering if I will get to see another childhood role model's genitals before I die.
That would be fantastic, indeed, though the outdoorsy nature of the Crank franchise's nudity doesn't have our hopes especially high. But even a concealed Haim is better than no Haim at all, so we'll take what we can get. And Amy Smart will keep her tape with her everywhere she goes.


text:
By Courtney Enlow | Comment Diversions | December 23, 2016 |
By Courtney Enlow | Comment Diversions | December 23, 2016 |
My loves, it's been a real motherfucker of a year. And I've never celebrated Festivus, but 2016 seems like the year to do it.
So here's your space for airing grievances. Take to the comments and tell 2016 to go fuck itself with an aluminum pole. And if you're one of those enlightened types that doesn't blame a calendar year for struggle, you can give your middle fingers to anything else you see fit.
Because really and truly, fuck this year into the sun.
Know that we really super love you all, and we're hugely grateful for every one of you. Happy everything, my loves.
← Martin Freeman and Amanda Abbington Have Split | 'Assassin's Creed' Review: Worry Not, My Friends - The Crappy Video Game Movie Streak is Intact →


text:
Array Sideboard
Says Who for Woud
Select Frame
The series of sideboards is inspired by the wooden slate cladding found in modern architecture. With its geometric shape and horizontal slates, Array creates a strong visual effect from catching both light and shadow in the depth of the slates. The illusion of transparency is intended to create a feeling of growing curiosity as you get a glimpse of what is hidden behind the closed doors. The sleek legs lift the sideboards from the ground creating an elegant contrast between the solid wooden cabinet on top and the thin metal construction underneath.
Danish Design Store is an authorized USA dealer for all Woud products.
Designed by Says Who
SAYS WHO, a design studio based in Egå (North of Aarhus), Denmark, is devoted to making well-designed furniture accessible to...


text:
That's a startling question, to be sure. But it's a question that haunted me during my recent visit to Australia. There, political conservatism is experiencing a revival of sorts after six years of socialist wilderness.
While in Australia, I kept thinking about a surprising statement made to me by a prominent American conservative leader during the last U.S. election. At that time, he said, "I will not support the Republican candidate. In fact, I hope Obama wins."
When I couldn't hide my shock, he went on to explain his perspective: eventually the socialist ideology in our country would over-tip its hand, and then the people would wake up and elect a modern-day Reagan.
Well, now a short time later, socialism has certainly over-tipped its hand. Our debt has spiraled to more than $17 trillion. Twenty percent of our economy—healthcare—is mired in the mud pit of Obamacare. Millions of dollars are spent on the entertainment of public servants. Billions more have been incinerated within expanded bureaucracies of ineptitude and government-funded companies, such as Solyndra. And all of this happened while more and more people dropped out of the workforce and the food stamp program expanded to more than 47 million people.
Now that President Obama's favorability has plummeted to its lowest levels, and his diehard supporters in the media have given him "Four Pinocchios" for his Obamacare "truthfulness," I'm wondering if my friend wasn't prophetic after all.
To be sure, the U.S. electorate has been significantly dumbed down since Reagan's election in 1980. But nonetheless, what I saw happening in Australia, a country with a center-left majority, could happen here.
In Australia, the socialist government of Julia Gillard began to kill the goose that laid the golden egg—namely the mining industry—by imposing a hefty "carbon tax." The country then watched as the government—which had run a surplus under the conservative prime minister, John Howard—ran up a $500 billion annual deficit.
The people revolted, and they elected the conservative coalition in a landslide.
The first item on their agenda? Abolishing the carbon tax on the mining companies. And surprise, surprise, the Labor Party is now supporting the conservatives in that effect. One has to assume that the left did not want to become totally irrelevant.
The wisest man who ever lived, King Solomon, once asked: "Why does every generation have to keep on making the same mistakes of the previous generation?" That's a great question to ponder.
The answer I believe is that human nature is fickle and easily persuaded by silver-tongued snake oil salesmen.
But maybe Obama's low approval ratings are a sign that folks are finally waking up. Maybe they are finally returning to the sanity of proven policies—low taxes, less government, individual freedom, and above all, respect for human life, born or unborn.
It is a dim hope, but in the end, hope springs eternal.


text:
Saturday, October 29, 2005
Will The Real Rosa Parks, please do not stand up
Fifty years ago this lady was jailed for refusing to give her seat in the bus to a white man. That act of courage began turning the wheels of the civil rights movement, and the rest is history.
What amuses me is how this simple lady changed history by doing nothing. She didn't carry a gun and she didn't kill or hurt anyone, but she knew she had a right as a human being and she stood for it (although physically refused to stand).
Same did M.L.King, Gandhi, Mandela, but not so many others.....
Non-violence is always victorious.
Rosa Parks died last Monday at the age of 92.
I wonder how many prisoners today will be considered heroes fifty years from now.
Thursday, October 27, 2005
Reega Reega Reega.... Faisali ya Hareega
Faysali Won Asia's Cup after defeating al-Najmeh from Lebanon 3-2
IT's the second most important championship in Asia, still we can say proudly that al-Faysali has won the most important championship in Jordan's history on the club level.
Tuesday, October 25, 2005
Amman .... Winter Time!!
One of the things to miss in Jordan winter time is having a hot hot Mansaf jameed karaki in cold weather, noses red, wearing a jacket and with you hands sliding into el-seder with boiling laban pouring over the rice and meat and you sitting among all people enjoying the orgasmic feeling which would last the entire day and seriously placing you and 5000 others at risk while driving back home.
Shawerma places are great places to go to, not only because you'll be about to have the best fast food ever made to date, but also because each shawerma place has a hallmark which you'll not forget. In Shawerma Reem - Mojamma3 Jaber there are always cats going in (sometimes not going out ooops) and young boys walking barefoot even at 1 am and begging for money. Once I bought one of them a sandwich but he refused to eat it although he looked deah hungry, and said he only wants money, kinda makes you wonder who's sending this boy at 1 am to beg.
And when it's winter time, raining and the charmful weather broadcaster Jamal El Mousa abo 3yoon khothor expects "thulooj 3ala el mortafa3at foog el 850 meter methel mortafa3aat 3ajloon wal shobak", the best thing to do is walk inside Gerard ice-cream and the ice-cream man would expect you to either ask for a change or wal3a but you'd surprise him ...."ma3lesh beddi skooob Nutella" :) .... Well that was before their Sa7lab era.
At the moment snow is expected , people go into a "91-war mania" or "any 29 Shawwal mania" and rush into grocery stores to buy as much bread and fool el-kasee7 as they can, but I would be home laying my big cold ass on the heater while my toes are freezing. In schooldays we would be down on our knees praying that night " our dear Lord o pleeeease let it snow we don't wanna go to school tomorrow".
Amman sweet Amman :)
Sunday, October 23, 2005
The Unrecognizable Success
When HIV was first reported in human beings quarter a century ago, there was no treament for it. In the early 80s it was still that horrible virus which would kill anyone who would get it. Years passed and new treatments started evolving, and patients started living much longer and having better qualities of life.
The shocking fact is that if someone is now diagnosed with HIV, his/her life expectancy is unchanged given that he has good follow-up with physicians.
Although there's still no cure or vaccination for HIV, the advances in the treatment of its carriers over this relatively short period of time is just amazing.
Although scientists have been winning one battle after another in fighting HIV, and although they have saved so many lives, we still see many people complaining of how "all the research done on HIV" has been infertile.
Please don't be one of those.
Friday, October 21, 2005
We complain of our leaders, yet when the worst of them being trialed we resent it and consider it a humiliation to Arabs.
Maybe it's a humiliation to us that a foreign force has come from across the ocean and is changing our leaders... but to start with, we humiliated ourselves.
We had Iraqi people complaing of how brutal Saddam was, yet we were cheering for the leader who "struck Israel" and is willing to unify Arabs, and we now we treat him like a hero and we consider his daughter an angel even feeling pitty for her. Was she happy for the innocent girls who've been raped by her brother or the innocent citizens who did the mistake of their life and complained only once about their living situation to have their life ended in front of their children?
Saddam is not the only one who needs to go to jail, but this man deserves no pitty and no excuse can be found to defend him or his family.
Monday, October 17, 2005
Before someone else does it
Many Arabs were upset when Saddam Hussain was arrested, because it was a foreign force who did it. For more than two decades he oppressed his people and Iraqis were crying out for help but we didn't move, and I don't believe we have the right to complain at this point because we didn't help them when they needed it. Although it was all done for oil, but Americans did what Arabs should have done long time ago.
Many got upset when Rania al-Baz appeared on Oprah with her images as a tortured Saudi woman. Although she explained that this had nothing to do with Islam or its teachings but that part did not appear on TV. It was very clear how humiliating the situation of many women in Saudi Arabia was, but we didn't move. Maybe Americans will do, some out of compassion and others to use it as a way of targeting Islam, but they will do it.
We get upset when we hear international news channels covering stories of honor crimes in Jordan, and I get upset because it's a phenomenon spread most countries in the Middle East. However, I don't see any measures taken to prevent it, especially from the group of losers called the Jordanian Parliament-with great respect to some of its members- who voted against changing the law which sympathizes with whoever kills his sister.
Bottom Line: It's better be us who change it because if we didn't, one day others will.
(Pictures Above: Jordanian schoolgirls protesting against honor crimes // Rania Arafat a victim of an honor crime- she was killed after she fled her home because her parents forced her to marry her cousin// Rana Hussaini- "the fighter" against honor crimes in Jordan// Saddam Hussain , not really related to hussaini :D// Rania al-Baz, before and after )
Thursday, October 13, 2005
Arizona's Drunk Drivers
Two Arab girls in Mesa, Arizona were going home at 2.30 am, totally drunk, and they struck the motorbike of a 35-year old man, each with her car, killing him.
They stopped by the scene of the accident for a second, then fled.
If you want to drink, please don't drink and drive. If you drink and drive, try not to do it at 2.30 am. If you drink and drive at 2.30 am, please try to avoid hitting people. IF it happened that you hit someone and he fell on the ground full of blood, try to be responsible enough to call for help.
This is the lesson i got from this incident.
Some Links
because there's no one left to pick them up
It's so heart-breaking to see the huge number of bodies of victims of the recent earthquake in Southeast Asia......
Nobody is identifying those bodies, probabaly because their families have become big white plastic bags as well.
If these pictures don't move you, you're not a human being.
It's getting too hot babe
America is the greatest country in the world, but not for football (i.e. soccer) fans....
Today was the day when tens of decisive matches were played and a bunch of teams qualified to the World Cup next year in Germany.
When i came here i ordered Fox Sports package - the 30 something channel package made me so excited until i figured out that only ONE channel (the international sports channel) often shows soccer matches. I cancelled the order.
I wish I can be in Jordan flipping different sport channels watching the tens of games that were played today instead of the World Poker Tournament or old men carrying playing "glool" but with sticks in what is called golf.
What I know is that some way somehow i will watch every single game in the World Cup next year, and if I have the will I will find the way !
Tuesday, October 11, 2005
Liberating Liberia
Liberia is heading towards its first presidential elections since civil war.
The front-runner is George Weah... remember this dude? He was the first African to be chosen as the best football player in the world , in 1995.
Othman el-Graiani used to talk about him in every single football match even if he wasn't playing, referring to him as Jurj Wayyyaaaaah :)
After ruling the world he's planning to rule his country.
His political experience in negligibile....
Liberia, just like most 3rd world countries, had many leaders who never lacked political experience, were so intelligent and looked presidential, however brought misery and corruption to their people and their country.
Maybe it's time now to choose someone who people just like.
Wednesday, October 05, 2005
Those men saved lives
Nobody could believe what those 2 men proposed 20 years ago, that peptic ulcer disease (qor7ah bi mi3deh) was caused by a bacteria.
Like many great discoveries, their theory was initially rejected, despite that one of them (Marshall) even infected himslef with the bacteria which caused him the disease , just to prove to others that his discovery was true.
As years passed by and more studies were done, their discovery started to make sense.
Noawadays antibiotics against that bacteria offer the best and most effective treatment for peptic ulcer, thanks to the efforts of those two men.
Today Australians Barry J. Marshall and Robin Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in medicine.
Tuesday, October 04, 2005
Love to the last sight
"Shoot" was the only thing i was saying as i ran to her room. I was so mad not only because someone was gonna die during my first call as a senior physician here but also because after more than a year they still can't pronounce my name right.
The patient was an old lady who had so many brain strokes in the past that became unable to move any limb, eat on her own or even talk for more than a year now. However she remained fully alert and seemed like she understood all what's going with her.
I was called because she wasn't breathing well and the nurse felt she was passing away. I went to her room and asked all the family but the husband to leave. I asked him to give her a kiss as that usually means it's the last kiss and asked him about what his wishes were regarding putting her on a ventilator if we had to. This 80-something old man was trembling and I couldn't really see his face from all the tears covering it, and he just said "I only don't want her to be in pain".
To me she sounded like someone with a failing heart, so i gave her some medications to relieve the stress over her heart and make her breath better. The good news is that she did well on those and her breathing improved.
So next morning I went in to check on her and I found the husband sitting there. This time I could distniguish his face and I remembered the old lady as the first patient I saw in America when I started last year. I could easily remember how her husband was always by her bedside in the hospital, how he would ask about the results of her blood test at 5 every morning before the docotors would come.
The only thing that lady could do is open her eyes and smile, and you I could see the old couple looking at each other and smiling like two young people just falling in love. They haven't spoken to each other in more than a year, no words, just looks and glances and smiles, but behind all of that was a strong relationship and honesty to stay with each other "in sickness and health", and love that would prevail till the last sight.
Monday, October 03, 2005
I know what Diego Maradona did this summer
Maradona lost 110 pounds over the past few months, after a prolonged stay in Colombia.
Currently many overweight Colombians want to do a weight-reduction surgery and even asking the government to pay for it in what's becoming known there as "Maradona's law"
I don't know if Maradona would thank his surgeon or just say it was "the hand of God" which helped him get back in shape!
Sunday, October 02, 2005
Our women were not born only to cook magloobah.....
Jordan won the West Asian Football Championship , after defeating Iran 2-1 in the final match.
Two goals by Maysa2 Jbara, who was the top goalscorer with 9 goals in the championship.
Oooooooo la la
Last month I went to 2 big shows in Vegas, the O show in Bellagio and The Blue Man Show in Luxor,
Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on making the "O" show, mostly on the stage over which , under which, and beneath which the show goes. If you think of going to Vegas, make sure you reserve a few months in advance to find tickets for the show.
The blue man show is hilarious and really fun to see, and it seems like one of the best shows there. You can take photos with the three blue men who don't talk or smile!


text:
I am back to training harder; working on all the parts of Tami that can be worked on. Greg gave me a training protocol to work my hips on the ground which I am very happy about since I can't roll around on my shoulder right now.
There was a pumped up feeling around the house this week in which our boy Cowboy has been getting ready for WEC 45 in Vegas this weekend. Cowboy would just break out into random bouncing around saying he couldn't wait for this fight. It's been fun to witness his playfulness around fighting. You can see how much fun this is for him.
Unfortunately, for his opponents Cowboy has "Play Time" tattooed on his shins. True Dat!!! At the weigh-ins Cowboy bounced out with all that energy to face Ed Ratcliff who immediately put a smile on Cowboy's face by saying that he was going to knock him out.


text:
Klain to join centrist Third Way
Ron Klain, former chief of staff to Vice President Joe Biden and former White House assistant, is joining the centrist Third Way think tank's Board of Trustees, saying that his time in the administration has convinced him of the necessity and the influence of the group's moderate plank.
"Politics and governing is ultimately about the battle of ideas, and with their brand of fresh thinking, Third Way has emerged as one of the most important voices in Democratic politics. During my latest two years in the White House, I saw first-hand how Third Way's ideas have had an impact on the national debate. I am delighted to be playing an active role with an organization that I believe in," said Klain in a statement.
"Ron has offered his extraordinary counsel to two presidents and vice presidents, the Attorney General, presidential candidates, Senators and Supreme Court justices. Now he will bring his deep well of policy and governing experience to Third Way," said Third Way President Jonathan Cowan.
White House chief of staff Bill Daley is a former Third Way board member, and John Vogelstein is currently the chairman of the board.
Prior to serving in the Obama administration, Klain was the Chief of Staff to Vice President Al Gore and served on Gore's presidential campaign. He was portrayed by Kevin Spacey in the HBO film Recount, documenting the drama following the 2000 presidential election. Klain is currently the president of Case Holdings, the company of former AOL executive Steve Case.


text:
As a way of ushering in the new year and thanking you for being a fan of the Secret OWL Society, I created this
workbook joybook. ;) I designed this with the intention of helping people feel alot of joy as they set their intentions for the year ahead.
Personally, I always get alot of joy out of writing out my goals. I literally do it every single day. And it's funny because every time I think I'm getting the hand of goal-setting, I realise more and more that goal setting and knowing how to dream in general is a skill and that I'm still learning. It takes practice to dream big. Every time I think that I've set a really big goal, I realise later that it only seemed big to the mindset I had at the time.
Now I really give myself permission to dream. Crazy, wild dreams that don't make any sense - it's just stuff I'd like to experience. One of my dreams is to "walk the red carpet." I have no desire to be an actress or anything. I just thought, "Huh, I'd like to do that one day." So I wrote it down. I 100% believe it's going to happen one way or another.
So I hope you truly HAVE FUN with this 2016 Goal-Setting Joybook. Just let yourself imagine, dream, and believe. And let me know how you like it! :) I might set a tradition to make a new one every year!
- If you're having trouble finding the email linking to the download, check your spam or promotions folder!
- If you're still having trouble, please feel free to email me at email@example.com :)
*The clip art used in this book is from Citrus and Mint. She has amazing work and using her art really helped me make this book 10x better! :)


text:
San Bernardino, Calif. — Bishop Gerald Barnes of San Bernardino urged Catholics in his diocese to comply with federal law and sign up for health insurance if they have not already done so.
In a March 11 letter, he said he wished to provide "some clarification and some direction regarding the new federal health care law."
"As you may know, the Affordable Care Act requires that all legal residents of the country carry health insurance by April 1. Failure to comply with this law will result in fines that increase progressively each year," he wrote.
The bishop said the Hispanic communities in particular have had a lower percentage of health insurance enrollments.
"However, to ignore this law or put it off will result in negative financial consequences for you and your family," he wrote.
Barnes said although the insurance requirement does not apply to those who have undocumented status, it does apply to children with legal residency in the United States. "Please be aware of this and your responsibility to sign your child up for health insurance immediately," he wrote in letters in both English and Spanish.
The bishop pointed out that the Catholic church "has raised objection to elements of the law that relate to contraception and abortion services that might be provided through it. We continue to address these issues with lawmakers and through the courts, which I fully support."
"However, these factors do not mean that we, as Catholics, should disobey the new health care law," he added.
The bishop said that if Catholics in his diocese have an insurance plan that "includes services that are objectionable to our faith, which most plans in California do, our response is to not utilize these services."
"We do this through an informed conscience and reflection on the teachings of our church about the value and dignity of every human life and God's plan for creation," he added.
He stressed that the Affordable Care Act is "now part of civil law and as faithful citizens we are obligated to follow it."
Barnes said the law offers an opportunity for many who have not had health insurance to obtain it which he said will "affirm the dignity of many people and improve the quality of life" -- a chief reason the U.S. bishops have been advocating for health care reform, he noted.
The bishop urged those who need help signing up for health insurance to contact the diocesan Catholic Charities agency or the two Catholic hospitals in the diocese.
The official deadline for individuals to sign up for health insurance, including policies purchased on the exchanges is March 31, but a policy directive issued March 5 by an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services said that deadline could be pushed to Oct. 1, 2016, in states that recognize a "hardship exemption."
According to the HHS Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services directive, the extension to 2016 would apply to individuals whose insurance policies were canceled under the health care law and need more time to get adequate coverage. It also would apply to individuals who currently cannot afford any health care policy.


text:
Brexit, Donald Trump, EU, European Union, geopolitics, globalization, Immigration, internationalism, Obama, regulation, self-sufficiency, sovereignty, Trade, United Kingdom, Walter Lippmann, {What's Left of) Our Economy
"Brexit" – the possibility that Thursday, the United Kingdom (UK) will vote to leave the European Union (EU) – deserves every bit of the exhaustive media coverage and commentary its received. Although there's major (and understandable) disagreement over the economic and geopolitical impact of a "Leave" victory, there's no doubt that the effects could be seismic on both fronts. Especially momentous would be a post-Brexit decision by other members of the floundering EU to follow suit, producing the breakup not only of the world's biggest integrated market, but of a genuinely historic experiment in political integration and transnational governance.
I have no particular dog in this hunt – but strongly believe that the British have every right to decide whether to continue its EU membership, and that foreigners, and particularly foreign leaders, should tread carefully in offering their opinions. I'm also agnostic on the reverberations for Britain– in part because I haven't studied the UK economy very closely.
Something I am sure of, however, is that contrary to much of the flood of Brexit-bred pontificating (notably from President Obama), Britain's decision won't hold important lessons for the United States either way. The reason: The UK's economic and geopolitical situation is nothing like America's.
This observation may sound obvious, but as I've written, since U.S. foreign policy's (current) internationalist era began at the outset of World War II, American leaders and strategists practically across the board have justified non-stop, all-but-limitless global engagement by pointing to the nation's acute exposure to all manner of threats and opportunities generated abroad. Their reasoning – which was articulated best by pundit, philosopher, and adviser to presidents Walter Lippmann – sprung from the belief that the United States was best seen as a big version of Britain.
That is, geographically it's an island that floats in "an immense oceanic lake of which the other great powers control the shores" and therefore (my phrasing) enjoy "an unbeatable combination of geographic advantage, boast combined military potential far greater than America's, and in an age of long-range air power, are located much closer [to the United States]" than Lippmann's historically complacent countrymen realized.
I explained that Lippmann, and other internationalists, couldn't be more off-base, because the United States and Britain couldn't have less in common economically and geopolitically. Especially relevant to the Brexit debate and its implications for the United States, America boasts all the major resources and other assets needed for all the economic independence it genuinely needs – including a domestic market more than large enough to support production of the full range of goods and services at scales large enough to be profitable.
Conversely, Britain overwhelmingly lacks these advantages. This hardly means that leaving the EU is sure to be an economically foolhardy choice for the UK. In principle, the benefits of Brexit could exceed the costs of EU membership (like excessive pan-European regulations and Open Borders immigration policies). Britain could also boost its long-term productivity – and chances for greater prosperity – with a "Leave"-inspired burst of reform. But there can't be any legitimate doubt that the UK is in a much weaker position than the United States to pursue such a go-it-alone strategy.
It's also important to note that the British people could decide – as is their sovereign right – that restoring what they see as their pre-EU degree of political independence matters more than any conceivable economic risks they might run.
But the vote and whatever consequences it produces for Britain is not, as widely portrayed, a universal test of the pluses and minuses of free trade and the current version of globalization. As such, it should have no bearing on U.S. decisions on integrating more extensively with the global economy (as President Obama and the rest of the political and economic establishment seek), or starting to back away (as presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump seems to favor).
Clearly, the United States has longstanding historic and cultural ties with the UK, along with close economic and security relations. But the superior economic choices it faces are in a class by themselves – and they'll remain so as long as Americans remember that their country isn't Britain.


text:
AMANDA Holden has revealed she sustained a nasty injury after slipping over NAKED while running to get into her garden hot tub.
The Heart Breakfast radio presenter opened up about her horror fall as she fell on black ice, leaving her with a "lovely bruise" sur elle "elbow and bum".
Amanda, 50, opened up on her radio show alongside co-host Jamie Theakston about the injury which she sustained at home.
"We're lucky enough to have a hot tub in our garden and my husband walks down in his dressing gown," she detailed live on air on Thursday morning.
"I always think, 'Oh, I'm not going to bother with that, I'll just run down there naked and I'll run back in' because mine is not a towel dressing gown.
"You know I like being naked, but I don't have a towelling dressing gown. I've got a fluffy one, so when you get out of a hot tub, it's squidgy inside."
Amanda went on to detail how she started "running across the patio" to get to the outdoor tub when she "did not see there was black ice".
"I slipped right on my bum," she went on to tell Jamie. "I mean luckily I had my hands up. I landed, right on my bum and elbow, and I've got a lovely bruise!
"It was right on the fleshy part of my bum, that's why god invented bums isn't it, because they are like the cushions you can fall over, when you're 50 and fall."
She joked that she was starting to feel like a "proper old person" avec "all her ailments" after she was left in "so much pain down one leg".
The Britain's Got Talent judge jokingly suggested that it "could be the cold weather" as she tried to excuse why she was in so much pain.
Les plus lus dans Celebrity
"Ils ont décidé de travailler sur des choses plutôt que de jeter l'éponge car ils ont tellement investi l'un dans l'autre."'
Jason Momoa & c'est l'homme que j'étais hier'
It comes as Amanda spilled the beans on Simon Cowell's engagement plus tôt cette semaine, tipping the couple to tie the knot in Barbados.
She detailed how she had found out about the proposal through a message that simply told her "it's happening".
The Sun exclusively revealed that The X Factor judge Simon, 62, had secretly got down on one knee to girlfriend Lauren, 44, on holiday in Barbados.
Speaking on her Heart radio, the actress shared her excitement as she "never thought" the day would come.
"Simon said he would never get married, and obviously Lauren has been by his side and you know they've been through so much together," dit-elle.
"I think she's the one, but I don't know if she ever thought he would put a ring on it. Then last night, we all got the text saying 'It's happening'.
"We couldn't believe it and I knew it would be in the papers today if we got the test last night. So I was like, 'Oh my goodness'."
Without giving away too many details, Amanda went on to reveal she was confident the wedding would happen this year.
"I would love to think so," elle a ajouté. "I'm messaging them as we speak going, 'Do I need to book flights to Barbados, I want to get in there before prices go up'.
"I've got to book time off work – I've got to get a hat! I'm thinking, who's going to look after the kids? Are the kids invited? Now come on!"


text:
The Pillow
One memory stands out from the rest. Something shared over many years that has been lost for ages. If you were left to remember it on your own, chances are you would not. Then one day you smell a perfume. It is not a popular brand but a distinct fragrance that you have only smelled one time before early in your years. She was magnificent. She was your first, in many ways. You search the area and find yourself longing to be young again.
Close your eyes and find what you lost
The box was sealed over a decade ago
Total darkness has become a way of life
No cracks, no holes, no light
Air fed in through a tube
Movement restricted to a small square
No jumping for joy, no dancing
No horses to ride or walks to take
Blank expressions match the void of the box
Screaming is heard by no one
Banging the sides only brings echoes
Visions replay in the mind of the last moments
What happened before then runs together
One image overwhelms the rest
The pillow, a plain white pillow, nothing special
Why would this be, when there is a pillow in the box
What is so special about this particular pillow
The darkness of the box has kept it all
There is a smell of perfume, an impression of two heads
A gentle sigh feels the box, but from where
The mind is playing tricks again, don't listen
Don't be fooled by the voice outside of the box
For so many years the voice has been there
For so many years having longed for it to be real
For so many years having cried when no one answers
For so many years disappointment and pain
The pillow, the voice, the perfume, the impressions
Were they ever real, in the darkness, is it just a dream
A glimpse into the future, or a longing from the past
The voice is louder now and there is writing on the walls
Someone is writing on the walls, it is real this time
The voice is deafening, and so beautiful, an angel
Heavenly sounds fill the darkness, please don't wake up
The aroma of the perfume fills the lungs, burning, longing
Quiet overcomes everything, once again no sound
Blinding is the light, so powerful it is crippling
Lifted by a voice, carried on waves of perfume
As though a decade were a day, miniscule is time
If the eyes open does the dream stop, is it a dream
The arms that wrap are so real, the touch so soft
The lips that kiss, have been felt before
Were the dreams real, the pillow, the perfume
The impressions, were they ever real
Opening the eyes reveals another
Eye to eye and heart to heart once again
Entangled in each other as if one
Arms outstretched, fingers interlocked
Tears fall, backs arch, and wonderful perfumes abound
The blank expressions of so many years
Replaced by smiles, exhilaration, and exhaustion
Breathing and heartbeats are the only sounds
Face to face
Filling the impressions
On the pillow