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What behavior, now-a-days, constitutes such a label as "Obsessive-Compulsive"? Is it the fact that a person is overly addictive to cigarettes, drink, food or other? Is it that a person cannot stop watching TV or listening to music or buying certain items (hopefully fine art)? Could this label be attached to a person who cannot stop shaking his leg, biting her lip, or licking the glass long after the martini has gone dry?
Personally, I am tired of the labels we place on people and how we go about judging everyone around us. Yes, I am tired of it, but then again I cannot help but do it. Wait, does that make me compulsive? Because I work hard to retain friends and do my best to change the world, does that make me compulsive? And, I am quite certain my teenage daughter may label me as obsessive when it comes to my wanting to know where she is and what she is doing and who she is with and why she is…
At any rate, I enjoy running my own life and doing as I please. I aim to live my life on the most calm and drama free playing field as possible and am pretty certain I am almost there–almost to a fault. Sometimes I feel numb to others' problems. This is not to say I do not care, but more a choice to allow those involved to work out the kinks. After all, we all have our issues, right? I trust I will be called upon when needed and will be a listening ear in the meantime.
All said, I think it really is time for people to start taking responsibility for their own actions. While I enjoy running my own life, I am not about to run the life of anyone else.
What I want to do, and it just might be an obsession, is create a work of art from life itself. To let life run a coarse similar to that of a watercolor painting in the making. As the pigment mixes with the water and runs down the paper, magical things happen. The artist has some control, but not all. Life experience and the training may dictate the outcome as well. In the end, we create a piece to be admired for it's beauty and it's moment in time, among other things.
My paintings, like life, is not void of flaws or challenges, not perfect or beautiful to everyone. I look forward to finding my next venture a smooth transition into a very serene and insightful phase in life. I am ready and I think the world around me is also.
Please visit often over the next month as I share my experiences.


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Review: Clockwork Prince
December 7th, 2011 marked the release of one of my most anticipated follow up books of the year, Clockwork Prince, the second book in Cassandra Clare's Infernal Devices series. December 7th was also the day that Cassandra Clare was reading and signing at the Columbus Circle Barnes and Noble.
Here's Cassandra Clare and Ed Westwick saying hello to the crowd.
Not being up to date on my CW teen dramas, I had no idea who Ed Westwick was. Those of you much hipper than I will recognize him from the Gossip Girl series. He is also the narrator of the audiobook versions of Clockwork Angel and Clockwork Prince.
After all the squealing died down and Cassandra Clare was left alone on stage (and by the way, isn't she awesome?) she read a passage from the book and took a series of audience questions. Then there was the endless line of people waiting to get things signed. I love seeing so many bookish people gathering together at once, it makes me feel good about the world.
And she signed ALL the things. Authors must have special endurance to be able to sign their names repeatedly for hours, perhaps publishers and publicists provide autograph stamina training.
So the Barnes & Noble event was fun, but what about the book, right?
The book did not disappoint. Whereas the first installment in the series was very much plot driven and focused on all the steampunky goodness of this version of Victorian England, Clockwork Prince is much more character driven. We learn a great deal about character backgrounds and motivations. Tessa, of course, is still struggling to decide who is a better match, Will or Jem. While I generally don't like triangles, this one makes sense. Tessa, being a product of the Victorian era is not enough an individual to choose neither and so she is left with having to decide between her brain and her heart.
I love the way Clare makes the setting seem like another character. The details given to describe the various locales serve only to bolster the mood and drive the plot and are never distracting or tedious. It would have been great to have seen more of the steampunk creatures back for book 2, but it also would not have fit the story. We do get to see many of the contraptions including awesome mechanical spy spiders. Readers are also given a sneak peek of the underbelly of this alternate London and are introduced to a menagerie of evil creatures. Having not yet read any of The Mortal Instruments series (I know, I know, they're on my list for 2012!) I'm not sure if these characters will already be familiar to readers, but I enjoyed seeing just how devilish this world is.
There are some unexpected twists and turns, though I guessed early on who the "mole" was, the reveal was still delicious. Learning more of Will's back story made me like him more and I especially enjoyed the bits about how he and Jem came to be so close. Finally, Clockwork Prince ends well, if not happily, leaving most ends tied up but enough loose to make us crave book three, Clockwork Princess. Well played, Ms. Clare!

subset: commoncrawl


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Over the years Karl and his team have worked closely with a number of community groups, schools and charities.
We have supported a wide range of organisations by donating time, raising money, providing PR support, and helping towards making a difference. The generosity and kindness of our clients and the general public has also contributed to making our charitable giving a success.
Charities we have supported
The National Trust and Karl Tatler Estate Agents & Lettings have teamed up to help protect one of Wirral's most iconic wild places: Thurstaston Common.
Local people will be encouraged to raise funds to protect Thurstaston Common by making a donation in return for a Karl Tatler Bag for Life.


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EPA to propose easing Obama water rule
The Trump administration is poised to ease an Obama-era water rule, shrinking the number of waterways that are protected from industry pollutants.
The Environmental Protection Agency is expected to propose changing the definition of "Waters of the U.S." to erase federal protections on some waters. The change would cover wetlands not connected to larger waterways or riverbeds that only flow after rainfall, according to an EPA outline obtained by E&E News.
{mosads}The Trump administration has long sought to weaken the burdens placed on industry under the Waters of the U.S. rule, known as WOTUS and established under former President Obama in 2015. The rule defines which bodies of water are subject to federal jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act.
The Clean Water Act was first established in the 1970s to give the federal government authority to regulate pollution discharges into waterways.
In June 2017, the EPA first announced steps to uphold President Trump's campaign promise to repeal and replace the 2015 regulation. Trump took aim at the rule during his presidential campaign, calling WOTUS "one of the worst examples of federal regulation."
The proposal said federal officials would go back to enforcing a guidance document from 2008 when deciding whether a waterway is subject to federal oversight for pollution control purposes.
In February of this year, the EPA under then-Administrator Scott Pruitt suspended the WOTUS rule from implementation for two years, promising to rewrite it to "reduce confusion and provide certainty to America's farmers and ranchers."
But in August that decision was put on a hold by a judge in 26 states.
The federal judge for the District Court of South Carolina ruled with environmentalists that the administration failed to seek public comment on the substance of the rule or the implications of delaying the regulation by two years.
However, injunctions from district courts in North Dakota and Georgia kept the rule from being re-implemented in 24 states.
The Obama rule, written in 2015 and known as the Clean Water Rule, was highly controversial.
It was intended to clarify that small waterways like ponds and headwaters can be protected. But agriculture, developers and other industries complained that it was too far-reaching and would subject huge swaths of land to federal oversight.
"Farmers, ranchers, landowners, and other stakeholders are counting on EPA to listen to their input when it comes to defining 'waters of the United States,'" Pruitt said in a statement in June.
This latest rule would be a proposed replacement of WOTUS, although the administration is still seeking options to repeal it in its entirety.


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Andy's note: A guest post from my friend Joel. Mother's Day is Sunday May 13,2012
Mom at 81 by Joel
After her fifth child (my younger brother Tom) was born, my mom decided to stop living her life vicariously through her husband and children. She started graduate school in her mid-30s, at the University of Tennessee. In junior high, I remember her returning from exams convinced she'd failed, only to
Continue reading Readers Write — Mom at 81


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MRS. BARBARA ANN HANCOCK, age 40, of Carol Drive, Summerville, Georgia passed away Saturday, September 10, 2016, at her residence following an extended illness. Born in Rome, Georgia on April 25, 1976, She was a daughter of the late Naomi Price Miller and G. W. Miller who survives.
Surviving are daughter, Mary Hannah Hancock; son, Erick M. Hancock, fiancée, Raymond McCoy, father, G. W. Miller, sister, Wanda Kennedy.
Memorial service will be held Saturday, September 24th, at 11:00 A.M. from the J. D. Hill Memorial Chapel of Earle Rainwater Funeral Home with Charlie Long officiating.
Earle Rainwater Funeral Home in charge of arrangements.


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It feels like the world changed overnight this week. The results of election on Tuesday, up and down the ballot, will have long and far reaching effects for our environment. We now know that Donald Trump is our President-elect, and we have put in place a Republican Congress. Serious threats to the Clean Power Plan,… Read more »
Posts Categorized: clean air
Climate change is a daunting challenge, but Minnesota still has healthy choices
By Robert Moffitt, American Lung Association This post originally appeared in MinnPost We see evidence of climate disruption every day, right in our own backyard. The ragweed pollen season has increased by over two weeks in the past 15 years, causing plenty of discomfort to those with allergies. Extreme weather events and changes to the… Read more »
Taking steps to curb climate change would have a big impact on public health
Too often, health impacts are left out of the conversation on climate change. That is unfortunate, because climate change threatens our ability to protect Minnesotans against the dangers of air pollution and increased allergens and asthma triggers linked to warmer summers, extreme weather and smoke from wildfires. This is especially true of the most vulnerable… Read more »
The Environmental Benefits of Cycling for Minnesota
Bicycling more and driving less offers numerous advantages, both for the individual as well as the community. As a transportation alternative, bicycling benefits public health and safety, reduces transportation costs and fuel consumption, decreases traffic congestion, boosts the local consumer economy, and reduces environmental impacts, among other things. While we certainly believe the economic, individual… Read more »
Sand, Land & Land Stewardship
By Johanna Rupprecht, Land Stewardship Project For longer than I can remember, my family has taken the same route from our farm in southeast Minnesota to visit my grandparents in north-central Wisconsin. The first leg of the four-hour trip takes us across the Mississippi River and through the farmland, pastures and rolling, wooded hills of… Read more »
Lecture on 'confounding problem' of nitrogen pollution
Nitrogen. It makes up three-fourths of the air all around us. It cascades through our environment between land, water and the atmosphere. It is critical to agricultural production that feeds the world. And it is a byproduct of all the fossil fuels we consume. In the United States, we put five times more nitrogen into… Read more »


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Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Internal Dialogue: First Person or Not?
Recently an editor at a small publishing house wanted me to rewrite all internal dialogue in be first person, present tense. My novel is written in third person, past tense. She said first person is standard for internal dialogue, and she also urged me in several places to change the text to internal dialogue. I didn't do it.
As a reader, if I'm reading a third-person, past-tense story and suddenly the author switches to first person, present for internal dialogue, I find it jarring.
So I don't write internal thoughts that way. I try to keep the internal dialogue to a minimum, because the formatting requires italics, and so many readers hate italics. ("Distracting, annoying, and hard to read," they say.) So my internal dialogue is often quite brief, a word or phrase. Even when it's longer, it stays in third person.
Examples: The first example is how I wrote it. The second example is how the editor wanted to change it.
Conner hit the floor and did forty push-ups, muscles responding as they were trained to. The effort calmed him enough to sit down and continue his search of the paperwork. He willed himself to be cool and logical. First, find the address, then go get Bodehammer.
Conner hit the floor and did forty push-ups, muscles responding as they were trained to. The effort calmed him enough to sit down and continue his search of the paperwork. He willed himself to be cool and logical. First, I'll find the address. Next I'll go get Bodehammer.
The style and level of internal dialogue may vary between genres, but in the crime stories I read, I couldn't find any examples of first person internal dialogue in third person narratives. In fact, there was hardly any internal dialogue or italics at all.
What do you think? Is there an industry standard? How do you write internal dialogue?
L.J. Sellers is an award-winning journalist, editor, novelist, and occasional standup comic based in Eugene, Oregon. She is the author of the highly praised mystery/suspense novel, The Sex Club, and has a second Detective Jackson story, Secrets to Die For, coming out in September. Her third Jackson story, Thrilled to Death, has just been completed, and she's writing a fourth. When not plotting murders, Sellers enjoys cycling, hanging out with her family, and editing fiction manuscripts. Contact her at: Write First, Clean Later.
24 comments :
- AnonymousJune 17, 2009 at 9:42 AM
I think it makes sense to write internal dialogue in the same person as the rest of the narration.ReplyDelete
Not that, I would know for sure, but it reads more smoothly.
I don't care for internal dialogue because too often, authors use it as an "explaining crutch" for a character's actions or comments, or even to embellish their personality. That's not needed if the writing is strong. When it is used, it should move the story forward, not just add word count. I've read some internal dialogue that made me wonder who wrote it - an evil twin? LOL. Gremlins sneaking in at night to put thoughts in the protagonist's head?ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 17, 2009 at 10:40 AM
I'm only qualified to answer this as a reader, but I think example one sounds normal. In example two, the internal dialogue is weirdly jarring.ReplyDelete
Just my opinion.
Your version gets me in the head of character. The editor's version is stilted and jarring.ReplyDelete
I agree with Mark. The suggested changes pull me from the flow of the dialog.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 17, 2009 at 11:46 AM
I like your version better. The editors version doesn't seem to fit with the voice of your narrative.ReplyDelete
I don't know, but I like the first version better too. I despise italics!ReplyDelete
Standard style for internal dialogue: Italicized, first person. HOWEVER, your example *isn't* internal dialogue. It's what your character is thinking, almost as if you said:ReplyDelete
First he had to find the address, then he had to find Bodehammer.
I think the problem is that you wrote it 'then go get Bodehammer'. If you want to avoid all this fuss, I suggest you change it to,
First, find the address; then get Bodehammer.
The 'go' makes it more like an internal command. Without the 'go', it sounds more like he's going over in his mind what he needs to do.
Yes, I know it's very picky, but I think this might remove the ambiguity and satisfy your editor.
For those who don't understand internal dialogue vs. narration in a case like this: internal dialogue is the character's exact thoughts -- as though he said it out loud. Italicizing these is the same as putting speech in quotation marks. And these are always first person, present tense. Narration is always what your normal narration is; in this case, third person, past tense.
Hope all this is helpful.
Of course, after re-reading your post, I see that this is only one example.ReplyDelete
However, the difference I noted is still correct. And it's really the writer's choice as to whether put thoughts into internal dialogue or simple narration.
Some publishers/editors may have their own preferences for such things, though. Perhaps that publisher prefers internal dialogue over narrated thoughts. If that's the case... well, you've got an argument on your hands. :)
- AnonymousJune 17, 2009 at 2:47 PM
I prefer the first version. Second version reads like a subliminal message to the reader.ReplyDelete
I agree with you. If your story is third person past, so should be the inner dialogue. Also, I was told Chicago Manual of Style has now changed the whole italics thing. You no longer need it for inner dialogue. Double check this before you change it though. I don't have the book, so I haven't yet.ReplyDelete
Lynnette Labelle
I like that expression: subliminal message to the reader. That's what bad internal dialogue really is. Must remember that. ;DReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 17, 2009 at 4:14 PM
Any writers want some more "internal dialogue", how about: Lefty put down the book. This book is great. or I must get more by this author
I appreciate the show of support. The problem I had with some of the suggested edits was that she wanted me to change narration to internal dialogue and make it first person. It seemed like a move in the wrong direction.ReplyDelete
Um...the first way you wrote it is present tense.ReplyDelete
The verb "Find" is present tense and from the infinitive "to find."
As in, "I find this interesting."
These are declarative sentences, with the "You" as subject implied.
Your guy is actually saying..."You find the address." That is present tense (him talking to himself). Can also substitute "I."
"I find"---yep, present tense.
The second way your editor suggested is actually future tense.
"Will find" and "will go" are future tense, so I find the suggestion bizarre.
As far as internal dialogue, most of the time it adds little to nothing to the story. Too much is the mark of an amateur lacking the skill to blend thought into prose.
It seems just fine the way it is. But that is just my opinion, for what it is worth.
Good luck!
Hi :)ReplyDelete
For a thorough understanding of internal dialogue in a novel, I suggest reading any C.J. Cherryh book, especially CYTEEN.
Great post.
Thanks for sharing.
Love From Canada
L.J., I think you were exactly right not to change the text. A character isn't necessarily going to think "I" when deciding to do something.ReplyDelete
Editors' suggestions don't always make your work better.
Bob Sanchez
I don't like a LOT of internal dialogue, but I prefer first person present when it's done. On occasion, however, a book will flow better with the "he thought" third person. If a switch to internal dialogue is too jarring in a read, it's probably because it wasn't the right time to drop into it, or the technique was overused.ReplyDelete
I must be marching to a different drummer. I like internal dialogue in short bursts, I don't mind if it's in italics (which eliminates the need for a tag), and I prefer it be first person, present tense. Why isn't internal dialogue as acceptable a tool as spoken dialogue for bringing out a character's personality?ReplyDelete
I agree with B.J. Internal dialogue is the character's thoughts, and people don't think in third person.ReplyDelete
Lillie Ammann
A Writer's Words, An Editor's Eye
The first example reads much better than the second. I think I could deal with internal dialogue changing to first person - maybe. The way you wrote it doesn't sound like 3rd person, but doesn't through me out. It is clear the character is thinking through the task at hand.
Writing thoughts from the past in present tense tosses me right out of the story - makes me wonder if we just moved to the present, if perhaps the narrator is the one thinking, etc. Too jarring.
Great discussion here and lots of good points to ponder.ReplyDelete
I do agree with Dani that too much internal dialogue is not a good thing, but -- isn't there always a but? :-) But, some characters do talk to themselves more than others.
And BJ is right about the one example in this post. It is better written as narrative unless the internal dialogue was written: First I had to find the address, then go find Bollander. (in italics)The narrative version BJ suggested is much smoother, in my opinion.
- AnonymousFebruary 5, 2012 at 10:32 PM
I totally agree with BJ and MaryAnn Miller.ReplyDelete
This is a much-debated subject in the writing world. In my opinion, both the use of internal dialog and the style in which it is delivered depend on the context of the scene, the personality of the character, and the personal preference of the author.
There is not black and white answer. In some cases, too much internal dialog or italics may prove distracting, or may, as some have suggested in this thread, serve as a 'crutch' for relaying backstory within the narrative.
One can use a knife to chop vegetables or to kill someone. The responsibility lies not with the knife but with the one who wields it.
Internal dialog can prove an excellent tool for bringing the reader into the mind of the character...to SHOW rather than TELL what's happening in the character's internal landscape.
Overdoing it is not advisable. Avoiding it is also not advisable, in my opinion.
it must always be in present tense unless the person is thinking about the past...example:
"Damn, I shouldn't have done that!"
Just as one can speak in the present about the past and use past tense, one can do the same in internal dialog. The bottom line, as others have noted, is that it must sound the same as the way we normally speak.
The example you give as your editor's suggestion is NOT a good example of internal dialog.
Hope this helps...
The Blood-Red Pencil is a blog focusing on editing and writing advice. If a glitch is preventing you from commenting, visit our Facebook page and drop your wise words there: Blood-Red Pencil on Facebook


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In this exclusive Foreign Policy Journal interview, German journalist Lars Schall talks with J. Michael Springmann, the former head of the U.S. visa bureau in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and author of the book Visas for Al Qaeda: CIA Handouts That Rocked the World.
Michael Springmann served in the United States government at the Commerce Department and as a diplomat with the U.S. State Department's Foreign Service, with postings in Germany, India, and Saudi Arabia. He left federal service and currently practices law in the Washington, DC, area. He holds a JD from American University, in Washington, DC, as well as undergraduate and graduate degrees in international relations from Georgetown University and the Catholic University of America. In 2004, the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee recognized Springmann as one of its Pro Bono Attorneys of the Year. In February 2015 he published Visas for Al Qaeda: CIA Handouts That Rocked the World at Daena Publications.
Transcript at: http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2015/04/15/is-the-whole-war-on-terror-a-fraud/


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If you are like me you have been checking the Conflux
- Goldflinger
One thing that immediately leaps out from the revealed cards is that players will be able to reap big time rewards for stretching their mana bases to the breaking point. The Visual Spoiler shows off five different cards with all five colors of mana in their mana cost and another three that have activated abilities that cost . Without a doubt the card that is most intriguing to me is the Maelstrom Archangel. It gives me the same funny feeling I got when I first got an advance peek at Mind's Desire on the Scourge spoiler.
Now ... I don't think this is broken in quite the same format-defining way that Mind's Desire has turned out to be every other Extended season or so but there is something completely alluring to me about the ability to play cards without paying their casting cost. I have already begun quietly gathering my play set of Bloom Tenders so I can live the dream of a turn-three Maelstrom Archangel. Okay that is actually just the mere fantasy ... The actual dream involves a Crimson Wisps to give the Archangel haste, followed by a free Violent Ultimatum wiping out the three lands on my opponent's side of the board.
Of course one of the big problems with playing a creature is that every single color-specific piece of removal will work against it. Sure, this class of creatures is Terror-proof but they fall to every Slay, Execute, and whatever new treats Conflux might introduce to the party. That makes Child of Alara quite a formidable threat for anyone who can afford the cost. Assuming you have a removal spell for the 6/6 trampler it could come at the cost of all nonland permanents. Well, if you kill it, anyway. If Child of Alara starts playing in Constructed sandboxes then I imagine players will be looking for good ways to remove creatures from the game.
Child of Alara had me looking through Gatherer for ways to sacrifice creatures that don't involve non-land permanents, which leaves ... well ... lands. I don't know if the Child is going to be seen romping around in the Diamond Valley or being taken to High Market but either of those lands would give you an easy way to basically clear the board of everything but lands. A more intriguing possibility is to Flash out the Child in the Legacy format—failing to pay the balance due on its casting cost—as an instant speed board-sweeper for only two mana that could take out everything from crystallized Slivers to suddenly sprouting armies of Elves and Goblins, to pesky enchantments like Counterbalance. I am not sure this is good enough to make a dent in the Legacy metagame but it is something to think about anyway with Grand Prix–Chicago looming.
Some cards are not as tricky as the others. Fusion Elemental is pretty much just dumb brute force for the Elemental tribe. Forget having to parlay your Bloom Tender off of your Figure of Destiny—you can just run this guy with Smokebraider. This five-mana monster is an oddity for its casting cost. To the best of my knowledge it is the first vanilla card at that mana cost as well as the only card with in its casting cost that has been printed below rare. Technically Coalition Victory is categorized as "timeshifted" in its most recent printing but we can chalk that up as a rare. There has been one five-color card that was printed at uncommon, before but it does not contain in its mana cost. Do you know what it is? If so, consider this your Firestarter and share the answer in the forums.
Just looking through the Visual Spoiler we can see plenty of cards that will help make our gold cards hit play or our off-shard cards from the Resounding cycler ... umm ... cycle. Basic landcycling is going to be a Limited player's best friend this weekend. Fiery Fall seems like an amazing Limited card that will fix your mana in the early going or can take down a troublesome fatty in the mid to late game. I have actually been wondering if this card could see play in Constructed. I don't know how often you need to deal 5 damage to a creature in Constructed, but if you do there is little downside to playing this card in a deck with ready access to red mana.
Mike Flores and I have a running joke about Astral Steel—one of the least successful storm cards from Scourge—where I may have referred to the card as "a bloodbath waiting to happen" when we first going over the spoiler. Rumors of its arrival may have been exaggerated in the past but I think I can safely say that Gleam of Resistance is the aforementioned gorefest. If you thought it was scary to attack into Second Thoughts mana in past Limited formats wait until you are on the wrong end of this card. If you hear anyone high fiving their friends on Saturday it is most likely to be because of this card. What makes it really nice is that if you don't feel like waiting around for the bloodbath you can just cycle it for the basic land of your choice.
Exploding Borders is a card I was having a hard time getting my head around when it first popped up on the Visual Spoiler. It seemed a little bit of a do-nothing to me at first; too expensive to really count on as a mana-fixer and unable to hit creatures to allow you to stabilize the board. Upon further consideration—and considerable admiration from some players in my local draft group—the card is looking a little better to me. "Now I have a way to win," was the reaction of one drafter who opts for greedy mana bases and rarely has many creatures in his removal-heavy decks This card will often get you that elusive fifth piece of your Domain while taking a full 25% of your opponent's starting life total. I am not sold but I am considering a short-term lease to try it out.
For Limited I really like the Dragonsoul Knight, Fleshformer, and Worldheart Phoenix that give you early, pre-Domain plays that become dragons, killing machines, and recurring threats in the late game when all your basic land types are present and accounted for. I don't have much to say about them ... I just like that they allow you to play around with Domain while not completely punishing you if the plan doesn't fully come together. The Dragonsoul Knight is a perfectly reasonable card in a 40-card deck even if you don't ever plan to have more than two colors of mana in play at any time as a 2/2 first striker. He is strictly better than Grey Ogre and has the potential to finish the game an impossible to block, 7/5 first striking, flying trampler.
- X marks the Spot
The aforementioned cards all care about the quality of your mana. It is not enough that you have five mana—it has to be one of each for many of those cards to be a factor. There is another cycle of cards that have appeared on the Visual Spoiler that care about quantity. I don't know if Apocalypse Hydra will see play in Constructed but I am confident that both Banefire and Martial Coup will be on everyone's must-trade-for list this weekend.
Red spells have always loomed over Limited formats from the very first Fireballs and Disintegrates to the more recent Demonfire but I don't know if any of them will have induced the tick-tocking dread that Banefire will surely inspire with each land drop your opponent makes. Once they hit six mana and have a Banefire in the wings there is virtually nothing you can do except try to offer up a creature for your opponent to dispatch, force them to discard it, or hope for some kind of Deflection spell to be printed in the set because you are not preventing it and not countering it once you get into the "X is 5 or more" portion of the game.
As devastating as Banefire is sure to be, I don't know that it is not outmatched by Martial Coup. Think about it for a second .... Which would you rather have, a Wrath or a Fireball? How about a Wrath that leaves a small army in its wake? There have been multiple occasions when I have won a Limited game after being on the wrong end of a Cruel Ultimatum—I even won a game the other day the turn immediately after getting a Cruel Ultimatum aimed at me. I don't imagine that I will win any games after someone taps seven mana or more mana to pull off a Martial Coup.
In Extended, with the help of one color-producing land, one Signet, and a set of Urza lands you can Wrath the board while making an army of seven soldiers. I would be pretty shocked if Martial Coup did not wind its way into that format as well as newer Constructed formats like Standard and Block. I am sure Mike Flores is already dusting off his trusty set of Temple of the False God.
By the way .... I would not be surprised to see 10/10 Apocalypse Hydras running around in Constructed as well. I am not as certain that will happen as I am of the destinies of Banefire and Martial Coup, but you cannot argue with a one-sided Mana Flare when you play this thing.
- That Thing You Do
One of the things that is really pleasing to me about the sneak peek at the cards in Conflux is that it builds on the shard themes from the first set. It always makes me a little sad when things change from one set to the second. While I certainly want to see some new ideas when the next set comes out, I also want to be able to have the cards I draft in the first two packs play nicely with the cards in the third pack.
Maybe I don't want to be a domain player in this format. Bant and Esper have been really good to me in Shards Limited—and judging by some of the cards previewed thus far that should continue to be true. I don't think there are any cards on this list that have me more excited than Esperzoa and Master Transmuter.
I am a big fan of the Glaze Fiend, and Esperzoa means that I should always be able to keep that guy flying in for at least two a turn alongside its big 4/3 cousin. I have been known to take a Sanctum Gargoyle over just about anything and I have certainly entertained thoughts about picking up my Gargoyle every upkeep.
Master Transmuter just gets better and better looking every time I look at it. Since returning an artifact is part of the cost of activating the Transmuter there is no opportunity for an opponent to kill the artifact you are choosing to return. Better yet, because the "return an artifact" and the "put an artifact from your hand into play" clauses are on opposite sides of the colon you are able to put the same artifact you just picked up right back into play—including the Transmuter itself.
Now I understand that I may like Tidehollow Sculler tricks a little too much. I recently spent three straight turns playing a Sculler, putting its "comes into play" ability on the stack, and using Call to Heel to return it to my hand. For three turns I was able to permanently remove my opponent's five-, six-, and seven-drops from the game. In case you don't know how it works if the Sculler's "leaves play" ability resolves before the "comes into play" ability does, you can permanently remove a card from your opponent's hand.
I am already looking forward to being able to Sculler with a Master Transmuter online so I can play the Sculler and use the Master Transmuter on it to strip a card from the game—every turn if I want to. You can do the same thing with a Sanctum Gargoyle or—I can't even begin to imagine how insane this would be—Sharuum the Hegemon. Yeah ... the Transmuter is going to be a must-kill card if your opponent is Esper, but keep in mind that if you are using targeted removal you want to do when the Transmuter is not active since your opponent could just return the Transmuter itself and just put it right back into play.
One of the frustrating aspects of the Bant shard is the lack of removal once you get past Oblivion Ring. Giltspire Avenger will be a welcome salve to that problem that lets you pick off creatures as they damage you while offering its exalted contribution to whatever creature you decide to attack with. If you have any way to gain life, such as a Rhox War Monk or Kiss of the Amesha, you should be able to hide behind your Avenger and win the game. I deliberately left Battlegrace Angel off the list since you don't need much help winning if you have the Angel.
The other frustrating aspect of playing Bant—and the same is true of all the shards—is having three different colors of mana available to play a Rhox War Monk or Giltspire Avenger on turn three. How about playing them on turn two? Thanks, Noble Hierarch! This is sure to be another card in high demand this weekend. Rhox War Monk has already appeared in a handful of Constructed decks—including Worlds finalist Jamie Parke's Standard deck—and this card will allow it to be in play to attack as a 4/5 on turn three. Noble Heirarch would be a perfectly acceptable mana creature even if it did not offer the bonus of exalted.
- But Wait ... There's More
That barely scratches the surface of the new set. Nicol Bolas has always been one of my favorite characters in the game's rich history. Is there any card more exciting for people than the newest planeswalker? Where did I put those Bloom Tenders? What is the earliest you can "cheat" this card out? Can the hideaway lands work well to sneak this into play before its scheduled arrival date? I don't know but I will certainly be trying. Maybe with Maelstrom Archangel ....
Scarland Thrinax is a card that I can't wait to playtest in Constructed. Is a permanent +1/+1 counter better than the temporary surge of Nantuko Husk? I can see the rough outline of a deck featuring this, Sprouting Thrinax, Goblin Assault, and Bitterblossom along with either Soul's Fury or Rite of Consumption. His ability also lets you "fizzle" the Control Magic abilities of cards like Sower of Temptation and Nicol Bolas. Think of him as Nantuko Husk and Greater Gargadon wrapped up in one three mana package.
There are so many more cards to discuss but I will leave that to you to do in the forums. Which card or cards are you most excited to get your greedy little mitts on this weekend? I am heading out to LA for the Prerelease for the Champion Challenge, so if you are in the area be sure to drop by, play a couple of games, and tell me about your favorite cards from the new set. You can even win an extra booster pack if you beat me. If not, head to the forums and let me know there.
Good luck this weekend everyone. Have fun!


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Here are my top 3 reasons to love Battlestar Galactica (1978):
The premise was that life didn't start on Earth and they were actually searching for this "legendary" planet called Earth.
The show has 6 foot tall Cylons with one red eye moving side to side, which was also used for K.I.T.T. in the 1982 TV show Knight Rider! Both shows were written by Glen A. Larson, along with The Fall Guy and Magnum P.I.!
The most futuristic and advanced computer imaginable, the Tandy (Radio Shack) TRS-80, was used onboard the ship!
Why do you love Battlestar Galactica (1978)? Post your reasons below in the comments!
Thanks for your interest!


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What a feeling it is to have the warm island breeze in your face, liberated by our mopeds steeds from the stunning shackles our the immediate postcards surroundings to explore the rest of the island. We had 2 choices – 1) clockwise around the island or, 2) anti-clockwise around the island. Either way would lead us back where we started in 30mins but we guaranteed to be stopping along the way…
The biggest of the Cook Islands, this oasis of a paradise is located in the South Pacific and was the stunning setting for my best friend's wedding.
As our group of longtime friends who'd been separated by the various direction our lives have taken us, and now living in different countries, we gathered like a citadel on the small and lush island. Circled by a turquoise and calm lagoon the walls of which were holding back the unforgiving and powerful waves of the South Pacific – it was like a calm tropical sanctuary.
We explored and roamed like a gang of bikers on the road, stumbling upon palatable treasures like The Nautilus – for a bit to eat, The Shipwreck pub – for some Pina Coladas (and home of the lazy cat). I can't forget the best fish sandwiches I've have ever had from The Mooring Fish Café – literally from ocean to plate!!
Other highlights (other than the most amazing wedding) were locals – Stopping for gas and doing the shopping and chatting was a highlight! That's actually how we discover The Mooring Fish, weekly markets and the abandoned Sheraton Hotel – an unfinished building project that's scared the landscape… what a waste.
Still, one of the most beautiful places you will see and one you'll fall for, take a piece of it with you and leaving a piece of yourself behind…
See more here for the Rarotonga | 2013


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Today is the 20th anniversary of Black Monday, the largest one-day fall in the Dow Jones index in history. Which raises the question: could it happen again?
If you believe returns are normally distributed, the answer - for practical purposes - is: no.
The 22.6% drop in the Dow then was (assuming annualized volatility of 20%) an 18 standard deviation event. And on a bell curve, the odds are against such events happening even once in the entire history of the universe.
But do returns follow a bell curve? What could we say to someone who says: "Returns are normally distributed - we were just very unlucky to see it in our lifetime."?
We could reply that lower standard deviation events are also more likely than a bell curve predicts; I estimated before the summer's falls that three standard deviation events are four times more likely than a bell curve predicts.
"Aha" our normalist might reply. "That's irrelevant. You can't infer the likelihood of 18 standard deviation events from three standard deviation ones. Indeed, probabilities must sum to one, so the fact that somethings happen more often than they should means that other things must happen less often. So perhaps 18SD events are even less likely than a bell curve predicts."
We could then try the wisdom of crowds argument. Options consistently price in a higher chance of a big fall than the bell curve says they should.
"This isn't wisdom" replies the normalist. "It's Charles Mackay's madness of crowds. It's a common cognitive bias to over-react to easily-remembered events. The memory of 1987 means deep out-of-the-money put options are over-priced. Look how many hedge funds have made money selling them down the years."
We could then point the normalist to this paper, which gives evidence that share returns are distributed as a power law with an exponent of 3. This predicts that a 10% daily fall should happen roughly once every 11 years and a 20% fall every 100 years.
"Come off it" replies the normalist. "Any fool can fit a curve to a sample. It doesn't follow that the curve will continue to fit the future data. That's just blind extrapolation."
I reckon, then, that all we're left with are Bayesian priors. It's not the data that tell us a crash could happen again, but common sense. We know that investors can herd, that there can be common mode failures in which disasters come not as single soldiers but as whole batallions, and that, well, shit happens.
This, though, means that "probability" is not something that exists independently, and is given by the data. Instead, it's something subjective that we impose onto the data.
Which in turn means that risk management is not - or at least should not be - narrow number-crunching. That's not science, but rather the appearance of science. Riccardo Rebonato shows why in the most readable book on financial risk you're likely to find.


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Yesterday we went to see the Eden Project. Well, that was intention. There was a massive accident on the A30. At 10.30 the motorway was closed because of a 4 vehicle pile up. A car transporter, a van and 2 cars. Major carnage. Not a great start to a bank holiday weekend. We were lucky enough to get off the motorway before they closed our side. Those coming the other way must have been trapped for hours. There were police cars, fire engines, ambulances and even helicopters in attendance.
So we took an early exit and finally headed onto the Eden Project but by the time we had parked, walked a long way to the ticket office complex amongst the school groups and then clocked the admission fee (NZ$110 for two of us) plus the fact I wasn't feeling well, we decided to cut our loses and instead drove to the west of Cornwall to the lovely little town of Padstow.
Those foodies amongst us will know that chef and food writer Rick Stein put Padstow on the culinary map. He has numerous restaurants here, from fine dining to his Fish and Chippery. The town is very quaint, built slightly higglety piggelty from the beach up and around the little harbour. Lots of tiny colourful shops (including RS's patisserie) sell clothing, jewellery, nicknacs, and of course plenty of pasties and Cornish fudge. Kids were trying their luck fishing, there was a busker playing guitar and the atmosphere was just lovely.
Feeling peckish after the long stop/start trip of the morning we decided to try our luck at the F&C cafe. You have to queue for a table (it didn't take long) and then decide on the type of fish, how you want it cooked and if you want to add a sauce. On the waitresses recommendation we ordered Hake and chips with tartare sauce and a local lager to wash it down. The food came very quickly and I have to say it was delicious. The batter was light and crunchy and the chips crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. Adding some salt and vinegar to the chips and I was a very happy camper. The ambiance is lively and the turnover fast. The bill came to £30 which is steep and probably would have been cheaper if we had gone the takeaway route, (also available) but we both thought it was worth it. We sat in the window which looked out over the car park so no water views here. Next door is Rick Stein's cooking school on one side and his delicatessen on the other. He is everywhere. Not that we saw him although he is due there on Monday for a book signing.
Time to head back (avoiding the A30 and instead taking every country lane in between, some only wide enough for one car) to see the doggies and cats and take them for a walk. The sun came out and it was a lovely evening.
Might try the Eden Project another time.


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Lighting up Lives – FairPrice Volunteers Programme. We and our employees believe that giving time is as important as cash and kind donations. Find out more about our Volunteers Programme as we embark on a journey to light up the lives of many.
Bottle Tree Park with Volunteers from Singapore Customs!
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Reuters:- Moderna Inc (MRNA.O) and Johnson & Johnson (JNJ.N) on Tuesday said that U.S. regulators should authorize booster shots of their COVID-19 vaccines, citing data that showed waning effectiveness of bothover time.
The comments were released in briefing documents by the companies ahead of a meeting of the FDA's outside expert advisers on Thursday and Friday to discuss booster doses of the vaccines.
Moderna Inc (MRNA.O) cited data supporting the public health benefit of a booster dose and made a case for an U.S. authorization of the shot in adults aged 65 and over as well as high-risk individuals.
The Pfizer (PFE.N)/BioNTech vaccine is currently offered as a booster dose in the United States and available to people aged 65 and older as well as to those who are at high risk of severe disease or are regularly exposed to the virus.
Johnson & Johnson on Tuesday underscored the benefits of a booster and said its data suggested the shot could benefit high-risk individuals if administered two months after the original dose and after six months for lower-risk Americans.
The meeting will discuss Moderna's booster shot on Thursday, followed by a discussion around the J&J booster dose on Friday.
Briefing documents from the regulator's scientists were expected to be released later on Tuesday.


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Bringing Together the Many Benefits of Film and Paper
- Published: October 01, 2000, By Michael Maddox, Contributing Editor
Flour and sugar, conventionally packed in block-bottom paper bags, are among the first targets for a coextruded polyethylene film that has been developed by new British converter Harrier Packaging.
The product, designated PaperFeel, reportedly looks, feels, prints, and converts like paper but has the advantages of a moisture barrier and resistance to oils and fats.
Based at Peterborough, Harrier Packaging was set up in August 1998 with a œ3 million investment to bring PaperFeel film to the market. Production started during the summer of 1999, when the first sales were made in the food ingredient, pet food, and animal feed industries.
"The opportunities for a film that incorporates the benefits of paper without its drawbacks are particularly large in the food industry," says Harrier's managing director, Bruce Wilson-North. "This is all about a step change in technology that allows more to be achieved with developed paper printing and converting technology but without additional cost."
Initially, Harrier is concentrating on roll-bottom sacks, block-bottom bags, and sewn-open-mouth bags for the food industry, where the company believes the advantages of moisture barrier and fat resistance are particularly valuable.
However, PaperFeel is heat-sealable and so can be run on form/fill/seal packaging machinery, while its paper-like deadfold quality also allows it to be used as a confectionery twistwrap, according to Wilson-North.
"PaperFeel has potential applications in a lot of packaging markets, as well as envelopes, for example," he says, "but we are targeting the food industry specifically, because that's where we think the shortcomings of paper are most evident."
New Equipment Runs New Product
Harrier has invested in three main items of new production equipment: a Battenfeld Gloucester three-layer blown film coextrusion line; an eight-color Schiavi central impression flexo press; and what Wilson-North says is the first US-built Weber bagmaking machine solely for PE converting.
He explains that the Battenfeld machine was specified particularly for uniform film thickness and smoothness, with the aim of matching the standards of surface finish and gauge historically achieved in paper manufacture through processes such as calendering.
"We are looking to use plastics-processing technology to match paper industry standards. If you are aiming to do everything that paper does well, reel quality has to be the same as in the paper industry, and if you are going to compete with paper on decoration quality, you have to use paper industry-standard presses," Wilson-North explains. "There is no point in using that standard of press if a reel is wavy."
The filled resins used in the production of PaperFeel are highly viscous. So, to achieve the temperature uniformity and dispersive mixing required for the finished product, the Battenfeld machine employs three 60-mm grooved feed throat extruders with the latest variable lead barrier screw technology, Wilson-North says.
He adds that a dual-lip air ring is incorporated immediately after the 200-mm, three-layer die to promote a high level of continuous cooling and stability, while for fine control over profile, the line is fitted with Battenfeld Gloucester's AutoProfile system. This controls film thickness by varying the cooling rate in localized areas, influencing the draw of the material. Heat is applied at specific locations on the air ring, using a system of finned heaters in the cooling airflow to thin out any thicker areas of the bubble, says Wilson-North.
He also talks about the eight-color, Italian-built Schiavi Sirio 228 central impression, flexographic press chosen by Harrier Packaging, noting that it has a print width of 1,200 mm and is capable of mechanical speeds to 300 mpm. It is equipped with microdot plate mounting in which, via the use of cameras at each print station, plates can be mounted to achieve color-to-color registration to within 100 microns.
The press also is fitted with what is reported to be the first DC-driven turning bar employed on this style of machine, allowing film up to 600 mm wide to be taken around the CI drum twice for reverse-side printing in a single pass.
"The benefit of the DC-driven turning bar is that it gives us accurate front-to-back registration," says Wilson-North. "Web tension control on a machine like this is very important, and the driven turning bar allows us to obtain the quality of front-to-back registration that we need."
For bagmaking, Harrier has installed a standard block-bottom paper bag machine from H.G. Weber, which Wilson-North says required minimum modification to run the new PaperFeel material. Three stainless steel rollers have been replaced with rubber-covered rolls, and while PaperFeel is heat-sealable, the conventional glued base is retained.
"One of the things the paper converting industry has done very well," notes Wilson-North, "is develop a way to make bags with predictable geometry—square bases, precise folds, and so forth—which is important for automated filling lines within the food industry. PaperFeel allows established paper industry technology to be used, keeping the best of paper converting and adding the improvements that plastics can bring. There's no need to throw out the baby with the bath water."
Supplier Information
Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Co., Gloucester, MA; 978/281-1800; bge.battenfeld.com
Schiavi SpA (Bobst Group, Piacenza, Italy; +39 (0) 523 493 1; bobstgroup.com
H.G. Weber & Co., Kiel, WI; 920/894-2221; hgweber.com


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Aims at making the life on the 49 more easy. Serves both, the normal user and the expert. It offers library-, menu-, programming- and compression-tools and allows to recall menus, standard or user key assignments, and to toggle fonts, flags and other items. If you learn using at least some OT49 commands, your calculator will become much more powerful. Some options should be assigned to keys, e.g. DType, 3tog, S?UK and perhaps some togglers from page 2. Particularly interesting is DL for creating and splitting libraries. It is the primary tool for customizing the HP49 HELP engine for self-made libraries (since ROM 19-6). Hence, your 49 ROM should not be older than 19-6. The library for the 49 is OT49, the one for the 49+ is OT49Plus (internally OT49+). Tested in ROM 19-6, 1.22 and 1.23.
Store the library in a port. Any warmstart (ON_hold F3) attaches OT49(+) and the built-in libraries 256 and 257. For using the full calculator power, we recommend to load the library extable (e.g., from the Emacs package). The old Display-Off command Ð is not anymore supported by ROM 1.23. This is the main reason for different libs. Ð has been replaced by the command INFO in OT49+. Also header size toggling has been removed in OT49+ because this doesn't make sense on the 49+. A user of the 49 should update to version 1.2004 of OT49, a user of the 49+ to OT49+ to 4.2004.
What is NEW?
Version 4.2004 (only OT49+). S?UK displays nicely in the header also if the clock is on.
Version 3.2004 (only OT49+). Sys~ improved. Handles asm code now independently on flag -92.
Version 2.2004 (only OT49+). BZ-compression not interruptable anymore (compressor revised).
Version 1.2004 (only OT49+). ~HEAD and Ð replaced by ~MINI, INFO, resp. BZ compressor simplified.
Version 9.2003 (only OT49). Very hidden bug in DType fixed.
Version 8.2003. The flashpointer recaller in DType rewritten. Some other small improvements. OT49+ added for the HP49+.
Version 7.2003. XLIB 360 25 is a system flag toggler. Its former functionality is now a visible command in the library Hide.
Version 6.2003. html-document added, a revised version of OT49.txt. As in a web-site, putting the Cursor on a picture yields additional information. LMN slightly modified.
Version 5.2003. Toggler on page 2 and BZDIR improved.
Version 4.2003. Small bug in Flg~ fixed. Header update correct also if toggling flag -67.
Version 3.2003. In future one can hide files also with the filer (Filer1 or Filer2, version 3.2003). Therefore, the OT49 hiding tools are replaced by system parameter togglers. Who likes slighly more comfortable hiding tools may use the HIDE library 273. Purge moved to the last page. Hence, people who used this command in own programs must reprogram these.
Version 9.2002. BZ-toggler ~ decodes now compressed self-evaluating code, see below.
Version 8.2002. BZDir now compatible with the filers from the tool Filers. Existing compressed directories are not affected.
Version 7.2002. DL made still more user-friendly. DType shows also the Dispatch Type of an object. S?UK now displays both, Usr and Sys key numbering.
Version 2.2002. A new option $HELP is added to the dialog box in DL for creating a library. You may add HELPs for own library commands shown when browsing CAT.
Version 1.2002. BZDir replaces the former SFD since ROM 19-6 introduced a new slightly more general command DISPXY. Already in earlier versions the BZ-toggler has become a powerful additional feature: Self-decompression and self-evalution can be done inside a small code object. The following unnamed rompointers are stable from now on, hence may trustfully be used as long as OT49 is present on your calculator (you get e.g. the first one on the stack with 360. 26. XLIB~, with XLIB~ from library 256):
XLIB 360 26 - a very small and fast BZ-decompressor. Warning: no argument checking!
XLIB 360 27 - argument protected BZstring fi (lter. Errors if the argument is not a BZstring (string made with BZ-compressor).
Below, Alg, dir, lib, Lst, Prg, Str, zint, meta denote any algebraic object, directory, library, list, program, string, integer, or metaobject, resp. A metaobject is a collection of arbitrary stack-objects with a count in level 1 (a zint or real at the user level). All explanations below refer to RPN-mode only.
Page 1 - Menu and Library Tools - Menu look:
CrM (Create Menu) Stack: Lst MLst (a menu-list accepted by MENU or TMENU) Expand the menu-building facilities by creating a menu-list MLst from any argument list Lst. The output MLst sets a menu which always ends up with EXIT on key F6. This option returns to the previous menu. If Lst is empty then EXIT will be the only menu option. If Lst is already a standard argument for MENU or TMENU, nothing changes. The interesting case is that Lst contains a member, L say, which is itself a list of size > 2. In this case, the head of L serves as the menu-name of a program automatically made from L's tail. CrM allows a very economic writing of complex menus. In plain UsrRPL a name cannot be quoted inside a list. This is no problem anymore. In OT49, names and other objects inside lists can be quoted with a special quoter symbol, see below.
Example. The standard argument for TMENU
{ {"Time" « "Date&Iime" 1 DISP DO DATE TIME TSTR 2 DISP UNTIL KEY END » } }creates a menu with the single entry Time displaying the running time. The list argument can shorter be written without any program delimiters as { { Time "Date&Iime" 1 DISP DO DATE TIME TSTR 2 DISP UNTIL KEY END } }.Processing this with CrM sets unvisible program delimiters at the right places. And the displayed menu has option EXIT at the end. LMN (List Menu Names) Stack: zint/real list (or errors) Recalls essentially the list of menu names of a menu which can be set with the same argument number by TMENU. At the user level, one may set various existing menus but there is no way to recall a menu for easily building own application menus. To get the number of a built-in menu run RCLMENU (should be key-assigned) on the current menu which then may serve as an argument for LMN. Also the three ports are included into the scheme, numbered by 0,-1,-2. Here some examples: -2 LMN returns the list of files in Port 2, 1 LMN recalls the complete CST list, 2 LMN does VARS, 3 LMN returns the directory listing under MTH, 4 LMN recalls a list of vector-related commands, 11 LMN and 34 LMN the two menus containing list-related commands, 81 LMN a list of PLOT commands, 104 LMN the list of transfer commands, 110 LMN a list of port related commands, 111 LMN the list of all lib-titles, 360 LMN the list of OT49 commands, 2270 LMN a list of commands new in the HP49, 788 LMN a list of the CAS commands, etc. There is a similar command in Libman which even recalls the command list of all internal libraries such as library 2.
Note that the output list may contain unnamed rompointers (seen as XLIB xxx yy or ROMPTR uuu vv, depending on flag -85) at places where subdirectories occur in the corresponding menu. For instance, 3 LMN yields a list containing unnamed rompointers only, since all options in the MTH menu on 44.2 are directories. Press leftshift-hold NXT (previous menu) to look at the menu and to see what these rompointers mean. The previous menu is just a copy of the list obtained with LMN. In other words, pressing TMENU on the list would yield the same menu. If unnamed rompointers in the output list cannot directly be read, the previous menu shows what they mean. Hence, you may use them to build your own complex menus containing subdirectories. This gives the user who is not familiar with SysRPL unlimited freedom in building own application menus which cannot be made with traditional CST menus. Let us illustrate this in the following
Example. We want to collect all commands related to lists which are scattered around in various menus in a single menu. This is realized by the following small program which should be attached to a key, e.g., leftshift-hold PRG. From now on you'll have all list related commands on a single key in a nice 3-page menu. We recommend to add a TakeOver to the program below to make the assignment work also in edit mode (see Keyman.htm for an explanation of TakeOver). This example shows clearly the power of LMN in manipulating menus and creating own ones, even with embedded directories.
- +
- @ Recall the LIST-commands from the PRG-menu as a
@ sublist which includes the subdirectories ELEM and PROC.
- @ Recall the set of LIST-commands from the MTH-menu.
- @ Concatenate these two lists.
- @ Set the resulting list as a single 3-page menu.
Hint (a). 1 LMN yields the actual CST menu list also if the reserved variable CST stores a program or name of it which evaluates to a valid menu list for CST (extended use of CST).
Hint (b). A small program which does 0 LMN, 1 LMN,... sequentially. Press CONT to continue with the next number:
- (List difference) Stack: Lst2 Lst1 Lst Yields the relative complement Lst2 - Lst1 of arbitary lists, i.e. the list of all members of Lst2 not in Lst1. With -, other set operations are readily defined. For instance, « OVER SWAP - - », applied to Lst2 Lst1 computesLst2-(Lst1-Lst2) which is just the intersection of Lst2 and Lst1. With intersection and complementation all other set-theoretical operations can readily be defined and programmed. DoL (DoList) Stack: Lst Obj Lst* A very fast list processor and the only command which has a HELP option in CAT. Obj is often a program or a command but can actually be any object, evaluated for each member of Lst. The output is collected in a list Lst*. This one may be empty, e.g., if all members of Lst are displayed, or if Lst itself is empty. Important: if Obj is a list, it is evaluated as if it were a program. This saves bytes for quoting.
Example: IP((log n)/(log 2))+1 is the number of binary digits of an integer n > 0. To compute these for n=1,...,16, put { 1 ... 16 } and « LOG 2 LOG / IP 1 + » on the stack and press DoL. Instead of the program, the list { LOG 2 LOG / IP 1 + } or 'IP((log n)/(log 2))+1' does the same but is slower. From the latter you get the above program or list by applying 3tog.
Hint for experts: DoL can be used in any temporary environment created by own nulllams which may even occur in the arguments of DoL.. This is impossible with DOLIST or DOSUB.
DL Toggles library splitting/creation. If Level 1 contains a real or a zint n and an external library with number n exist in a port, its source directory is regained and stored in 's<n>' (s for source) in which you automatically drive into. If no real or zint is on the stack, DL launches a dialog box to aid in library creation provided you are not in HOME but in the intended source directory not yet containing the reserved variable $ROMID. The dialog box is asking for the library name ($TITLE), library number ($ROMID), the list of visible names in the lib menu ($VISIBLE) and its hiddens ($HIDDEN) and creates these reserved variables in the source directory. The dialog also includes a field $HELP for adding HELP for some of your commands in the CAT listing and elsewhere.
Make the $VISIBLE entry as follows: Press leftshift + to edit {}. Then hit VAR and put into the list all names from the current directory you want to see lateron in the library. Similarly, fill in $HIDDEN - it will contain the unvisible files used by your library Also these variables must occur in the source directory, otherwise DL will error. Note that a list field entry may be the empty list. The field $HELP may be skipped. To get HELP on the CAT key for the commands Cmd1,...,Cmdk (names from the source dir), fill in $HELP with a list as follows: { {Cmd1 "Tex1"} ... {Cmdk "Textk"} }. "Text1" will be displayed if Cmd1 is selected in CAT, and so on. For instance, OT49 yields HELP for the command Ð (DispOff, found at the very end of the CAT listing) and OT49+ has HELP on the command Dol. A HELP-text is scrolling if the text is too large for one screen.
Important remark: $HELP realizes the only feature of $EXTPRG which can be managed only from inside a library. All other features of $EXTPRG can easily and should be realized by the user not familiar with SysRPL by means of APPSman. As a matter of fact, the normal user need not precisely know what $EXTPRG does but yet use its full power.
After pressing OK, DL creates additional $-variables: $CONFIG (to attach the library at warmstarts), $HELP, $$ and $EXTPRG (the latter only if $HELP wasn't skipped) at the end of your source directory. Of all these $-variables, $CONFIG, $HIDDEN, $VISIBLE, $ROMID, $TITLE and $HELP are modifiable for a second run. In particular, the text parts in $HELP can be improved as often as want. But only experienced SysRPL programmers may modify $$ which appends itself to the list in $HIDDEN.
Whenever $ROMID is present in the source directory, the dialog box is skipped. Useful for modifying the $-variables or for adding new ones, $MESSAGE say, in a second DL run. Just delete the library from the stack for a second run which will be fast fast since the dialog box is skipped. Important: The command order in the library is fixed by their order in $VISIBLE and $HIDDEN, not by any order in the source directory. Only files occurring in these two lists will belong to the library and only these files will reappear if the resulting library is split lateron.
Example. Assume we want HELP for the command A?D of Keyman. First split this library by doing 1200 DL. We are now in the directory s1200. Run DL again, still being in s1200. Next fill in the dialog box with the obvious as in the screen-shot. You may slightly alter the entry in $TITLE for a better distinction of the versions. The HELP text for A?D should describe the command, hence fill in $HELP as follows, say: { { A?D "Short: Assign Long: Delete" } }. Press OK and store the new Keyman in Port 0, with the old Keyman still in port 1 or 2. The OS prefers the Keyman from the port with the smallest index. Now hit CAT and choose A?D - and you'll see the HELP option of this command. Clearly, the same can be done with any of your own libraries.
InL (Input List). Displays a message from Level 1 and waits for input into a list (mostly global variables) which will be the output. InL is very useful for an elegant treatment of ORDER, Purge and other list-accepting commands. Aborting InL with CANCEL aborts silently, without a "Interrupted" message.
Examples. « "ORDER" InL ORDER » assigned to a key is a nice ordering tool. The message need not be a string; the program may simply be ' ORDER InL ORDER (use XU to create such a program). This reduces the above program from 28 to 18 bytes). Similarly, « "Purge" InL Purge » is a fast and convenient PURGE tool which purges from ports as well. Faster than the Filer is also the following renaming tool: « ' RENAME InL OBJ DROP SWAP RENAME ». These examples show that it is sometimes better first to choose the command and then the argument.
Page 3 - Info- and Programming Tools - Menu look:
~ANG Toggle RAD/DEG as will be noticed in the Header. ~COOR Toggle the three builtin coordinate system. With Keyman, you can assign this and the related command ~ANG to a single key. Just assign « If longhold do ~COOR else ~ANG » with a TakeOver on top to the dispensable leftshift-hold , say. ~BASE Toggle HEX/DEC/OCT/BIN, noticed in the Header. A suitable key for assigning this toggler is the rightshift-hold BASE key. If you like BASE switch with the same key in edit mode, put a TakeOver on top (consult Keyman.htm). ~FONT Cycle through the three standard fonts, FONT8, FONT7, FONT6. Best observed if something is in the stack.
(head toggler ~HEAD in OT49). Toggle Minifont with the current font, We recommend to assign rightshift-hold NXT (33.31, PASTE) by means of Keyman with « If double clicked then ~FONT else ~MINI » which actually is the ~FONT functionality in OT49. Put a TakeOver on top so that fonts or minifont can also be toggled in Edit mode. ~LANG Toggle the 3 builtin languages with a message in the Header as in the last screen. In ROM versions following 19-6 not only error messages but also other messages and menus names will be language-sensitive.
Page 4 - Compression tools and Miscellaneous - Menu look:
Dtype Displays type number, type name and Dispatch number of a Level 1 object (the latter is important only for SysRPL programmers). If Level 1 contains a rompointer or a flashpointer, its content is recalled. The content's type is displayed in this case and an asterix is appended to the type, to remind you that type information refers to the content. A main reason for using DType is that an object's stack appearance does not always provide reliable type information. A flashpointer is extracted only if its extension in the rom is well-defined at the very beginning. Otherwise "Undefined Result" will be displayed.
Example. The standard assignment of the root key (recalled with S?UK) shows up as the root symbol √. Applying DType seemingly duplicates it. But the display says Function* as shown in the last screen-shot. Hence, we may infer that Level 2 which shows the standard assignment of root key , is a named rompointer. It contains a named program in Level 1. The latter has 2.5, the other 5.5 bytes. Just confirm this with INFO below. If flag -85 is set the two levels differ also in the stack display in our example, but not in all cases. That √ in level 1 is really a program can be verified by applying 3tog twice, flag -85 set. The name is then replaced by its content. Stack view of a level 1 object may depend also on flag -79 (textbook).
S?UK Recall a key's actual functionality - either its standard assignment or user assignment whenever the key is assigned and USR is on. Choose the key after S?UK. The main use of S?UK for a beginner is that it displays the location of a pressed key; it informs on the key code rc.p (row, column, plane). For instance, it displays 42.31 if pressed on rightshift-hold CAT. Also the system keycode { #key #plane } is shown, { 18 9 } in our example. The system keycode is basic in advanced programming. Note that this command differs in several details from Keyman's command K&SA. 3tog Stack: Alg Prg meta Lst Prg ...
Cycle through three representations of a program: its original, its metaobject and its list form. A test with some program on the stack will tell you more than lengthy explanation. The list form is convenient to modify a UsrRPL program with stripped program delimiters, the metaobject form to modify a SysRPL-program whenever MASD fails to recompile a decompiled program to its original. Applied to an algebraic object, 3tog toggles its list, program and metaobject equivalents. Try with '1+2=3' or any other algebraic object.
Flg~ Comfortable Flag-toggler for System and User flags. Needs a positive or negative real or zint < 129. Zints should be prefered as these need less memory. Toggles a flag and displays what has just been done in the Header. The 10 flags listed below directly affect the Header look. In these cases no extra information is displayed (watch the header). The same holds true for the corresponding user flags, hence you have 10 "tacidly" toggling user-flags to your disposal. Toggling flags -15 and -18 may or may not change the Header look, depending on other flags. Hence, these flags indicate their toggling.
flag -11 : toggles HEX and OCT (if flag -12 is clear)
flag -12 : toggles DEC and BIN (if flag -11 is clear)
flag -16 : toggles XYZ and RZ (if flag -15 is clear)
flag -17 : toggles DEG and RAD (if flag -18 is clear)
flag -40 : toggles the system clock
flag -62 : toggles USR mode, also on leftshift ALPHA
flag -67 : toggles digital/analog clock display
flag -95 : toggles ALG and RPN mode
flag -103 : toggles Real/Complex mode, also on leftshift-hold TOOL
flag -105 : toggles exact/appr mode, also on rightshift-hold ENTER
Sys~ The only OT49-command assuming some familiarity with SysRPL. Toggles disassembling and reassembling of an input object. When the input is not a string, Sys~ tries to disassemble and cares itself on flag -92. To read the disassembled source string, library extable should be present. Disassembled asm code will be included into CODE...ENDCODE delimiters. Applied again after having made some change in the source string, Sys~ tries to recompile the object. This may not successfully be ended at the present state of MASD. Recommendation: set flag -92 (SysRPL mode) and flag -71 (no addresses) as your default. XU (to "Xtended" UsrRPL). Strip the user program delimiters of a UsrRPL program recursively, also inside a list. Local environement delimiters are preserved. In PRG-mode, XU prints the quoter ´ (symbol 180) which, after a program is processed with XU, is replaced by the system quoter ' (symbol 39) which is visible in normal stack display as well. With XU one can quote commands like Purge as is seen from example below, impossible in plain UsrRPL. But the main advantage of XU in UsrRPL programming is that names and other objects can also be quoted inside a list while in UsrRPL evaluating a list means evaluating all its members. Thus, the command XU is very powerful and makes UsrRPL much stronger. It expands, in a sense, the built-in compiler. The resulting program is mostly much smaller and faster. But it cannot be edited and recompiled anymore with ENTER. Use 3tog or Sys~ instead. Only programs, lists and the name '´' are affected by XU. To use XU efficiently, assign XU with a TakeOver on top to 43.31 which is dispensable in RPN mode. This assignment is easily made with Keyman, see Keyman.htm.
Example. « "Purge" InL Purge » may be programmed as « ´ Purge InL Purge ». Processing this with XU results in the program ' Purge InL Purge. This saves not only 7.5 bytes but makes execution faster
~ Toggles BZ-compressing and decompressing. ~ need not be searched in the library menu, it is executed also by pressing alpha-rightshift 1 (92.5) and ENTER on the symbol ~. The compression rate is displayed, hence you always know whether compression pays. Compression cannot be interrupted and ends always up with a powerful application menu for processing the obtained BZstring as shown by the screen below. Important: On the 49+, Objects smaller 20 bytes are not compressed because this never pays. Warning: Do not use other perhaps instable compressors (like TNT). BZ deflates large objects very efficiently and decompression is superfast.
UBZi append the BZ-decompressor XLIB 360 26 (= ROMPTR 4B0 1A) to the BZ-string, turning it into a self-decompressing object. For use on your own 49(+) as long as OT49(+) is present. UBZe append the content of XLIB 360 26 to the BZ-string, for external use, e.g., if a compressed object is sent to hpcalc.org. This is readable by every 49(+) and independent on the presence of OT49(+). +EVL append EVAL to a program. For instance, applied to « "BZ..." XLIB 360 26 », +EVL yields the self-decompressing and self-evaluating program
BZC make a code object from a BZstring. Its execution decompresses only, independently on the presence of OT49(+), without evaluating the decompressed object. BZCE is like [BZC], but also evals the decompressed object. The BZC and BZCE code objects are readable by any 49(+) without OT49(+). Such codes are identified and decoded by ~. Any other code objerct will be compressed as usual provided it is not too small (has at least 27 nibbles). EXIT Exit this menu. Can be used, for instance, for toggling with the OT49 menu. BZDir Compress the scanned directory with all its subdirectories (except HOME). Leaves a single file in the directory whose name coincides with the directory name. Its execution immediately restores the original files of this directory. INFO
(was Ð)
Since a DispOff doesn't make sense anymore on the 49+, the command Ð from earlier versions has been replaced by INFO. It displays size and CRC of an arbitrary object in level 1 in a box scanned on the object which remains in the stack. Similar to INFO from the interactive stack menu, but our INFO can also be used in programs. ObFx If loading something from the HP48 or with XMODEM from hpcalc.org one sometimes gets a corrupted string: the received object was not fully "understood" by the HP49. Put it on the stack and run ObFx. This leaves the right object on the stack provided the object isn't corrupt itself. Purge Purge everything very fast, including directories (except the internal Hidden directory). Input: Any global or port name or a list such. The fast purging of directories should be used with some care: No stack object should reference to objects from a directory to be purged. Best to have only a name or list of such on the stack when applying Purge and nothing should be suspended. EXIT Leave the current menu and set the last one. EXIT appends itself to any temporary menu created with CrM, but may also be appended to any other menu. No input or output.
Remark for experts: Options of the application menu set by the BZ-toggler ~ can be used in programs with some well-known SysRPL commands. For instance,
:: CK1NOLASTWD x~ 5 GETPROC EVAL %0 InitMenu ?DispStatus ;
yields the BZCE-code of a level 1 object because BZCE has menu position 5.
Credits. Thanks to joint work with Peter Geelhoed the library extractor in DL could be made faster and more comprehensive. DoL uses an idea of Werner Huysegoms, S?UK a code of Jonathan Busby and a hint of Carsten Dominik. Embedding decompression and self-evaluation in asm code is due to Jurjen Bos. Arnaud Amiel and Jonathan Busby eliminated the DispOff and other dispensable code from Mika Heiskanen's BZ-compressor, to make it fit for the HP49G+. Thanks also to Joe Horn, Heiko Arnemann and Otto Praxl for beta-testing.
Wolfgang Rautenberg
email@example.com - http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~raut/ - ftp://ftp.math.fu-berlin.de/pub/usr/raut/


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Swinging is fun, but the whole experience can turn to hell if the rope breaks, and you find yourself on the ground. It is the reason you need to get the best rope for a tree swing. You need to be sure of the quality of the rope and its durability. You should never overlook the capacity also because you need to be sure it can withstand your weight.
If you are getting a rope to replace the one on your swing or you have trees you intend to turn to swing, then this post is for you. You will find some top-quality rope that you can consider for making a swing.
Top-Rated Rope For Tree Swing
Tree Swing Hanging Kit Straps
Kids love fun and adventure, and swinging with this kit strap is one of the best ways to have undenied fun that most kids deserve. If you have trees in your backyard or anywhere in your house, you might want to consider getting this strap and allow your kids to go out swinging.
There is no special thing about the installation of the strap. You do not need any tools before you can install the rope on any tree. Be rest assured your kid's safety and security were considered during the construction of the rope as it is made from high-quality material.
It is a 20-foot strap with an abundance of capacity to hold up 5000 pounds without breaking. Its weight capacity makes it ideal for both kids and adults. The strap is big enough to keep you comfortable, and with the adjustable feature, you can fit it on any tree or stand to fit the perfect length you want.
The strap is very easy to use for anyone. It is a great tool for parents who are interested in having quality time with their kids. If you have a tree in your yard with all left is to get a rope for swing, then you have got the right choice in Tree Swing Hanging Kit Straps.
- Perfect for kids and adults
- Very strong and tough
- Capacity to handle over 5000 pounds
- Swinging is made easier with the strap
- It has no setback to itself
Tree Swing Straps Hanging Kit
This Tree Swing Straps Hanging Kit is a versatile and durable choice for swinging. Unlike other tree swing kits in the market, this swing strap is resilient against any weather, made with water resistance and weather-resistant material. It makes it a perfect choice for the all-around season.
The installation of the strap is straightforward, and it allows you to latch to any hanging porch seat, tree swing plank, tire swing hammock, or any erected object. You need a tough strap to ensure you are safe with your kids, and this strap offers you maximum comfort with assurance on your safety when swinging.
Having a swing at the back of your home is one of the best ways to have fun with your kids. It has a capacity of 2800 pounds, which makes it perfect for kids and adults. The 10-foot strap will wrap conveniently on any device, and you can get to have fun without any delay.
The swing allows you to choose the option that is convenient and comfortable for you. If you can't get a plant to hook on, you can attach it to a tire while you have your kids have fun on it. For kids that do not have the confidence to use the strap kit, parents are advised to stay close when using it.
- Needs parental supervision for first-time users
- Very strong and durable
- Resistance to weather and water
- Convenient and comfortable to use
- It has no significant setback
Kids Tire Swing Kit Tree Swings Easy for Outdoor
The Kids Tire Swing Kit is another wonderful set of fun kits that can be used with tires for kids to have uninterrupted fun. Please kindly note that you can only make use of the sewing kit with a tire. That doesn't come with this package. Therefore, you have to get that separately.
There are two important things that are needed to make the swing kit works very well, and they are a tree or swing set and a tire. Once you get the tire, all that is required is to bore a hole for bolts in the tire and get an extra secure screw lock carabiner to keep the strap in place in the tire.
Mind you, any swing kit must have the capacity to hold your weight, and with experience with the Kids Tire Swing Kit, it has what it takes to hold the weight of two kids at once. It is easier for anyone to install. You can use two of the straps, but it came with three for convenience and comfort.
The material the strap is made from contributes to its longevity. It is very strong and durable. It should never be used without parental supervision. This kit eliminates grinding and creaking as it makes your kids comfortable and convenient. So, be assured your kids will have a smooth and quiet ride.
- Very strong and durable
- Resist rust and corrosion
- Comfortable and convenient for kids
- Smooth and quiet ride
- Kids Tire Swing Kit
- It is ideal for kids only
Royal Oak Easy Hang TREE SWING STRAP
The Royal Oak Easy Hang TREE SWING STRAP is one of the best swing set straps for kids with lots of comfort and convenience to offer. It is a strap that is made from industrial-grade nylon with ample capacity to hold kids up to 2200 pounds. I.e., the two traps has a total capacity of 4400 pounds. It is enough to give parents the rest of mins that their kids are safe with the tree swing strap.
You should consider this strap above others because of what it is made of. Nylon is very strong and better than polyester, especially for outdoor use because it has the capacity to beat off pressure from rain, sun, and snow. It is environmentally friendly.
The strap is designed as a loop with a 1-foot overlap. The two ends are joined together with stitches in 4 different locations, which makes the strap stronger. The installation of the strap is straightforward, as it takes less than 20 minutes to do that. It fits all kinds of swings from toddler swings, garden swings, and patio swings.
One of the interesting fact about the strap is that when you buy two straps, you can use on garden swings, classic swings, hammocks, saucer swings, patio swings, porch swings, toddler swings and when you get just one strap, you can only use on spinner swings, disc swings, disc and swings
- Perfect for harsh weather condition
- Friction resistant
- UV resistant
- 100% waterproof
- Easy to install, clean and maintain
- Comfortable and convenient to use
- Smooth ride guaranteed
- It has no significant setback
Tree Swing Hanging kit Super Strong 5,000lbs 2 Carabiners
The Tree Swing Hanging kit is a two-strap playing device for kids that can be wrapped on a tree and another swing device. It has an amazing capacity to hold kids up to 5000 pounds. It is one of the longest and strongest tree swing hanging kits you will find in the market.
It gets its strength and toughness from the material it is made from, which is the industrial polyester webbing. It comes as a 10-foot strap, and with its capacity, it can accommodate both adults and kids. So it is a great deal for parents looking for the best means to have quality time with their kids.
The material it is made off ensured it is resistant to weather and UV, which is a plus to anyone that purchases the strap. It can easily withstand even the harshest weather condition. Although it is made with tough material, it is lightweight and easy to move from one place to another.
The longevity of the strap is commanding as there are no other straps that can withstand the strength and long lifespan. All that you need is a tree or a raised object that has the same capacity to hold the weight equivalent to the strap. It comes with two non-corrosive carabiner clips for installation on any tree.
- Very easy to install
- High capacity for adults and kids
- Very tough and strong
- Versatile and wide range of applications
- It has no significant setback
Roman Ventures Tree Swing Hanger Set for Hammocks & Tire Swings
The Roman Ventures Tree Swing Hanging Kit is also among the set of swing set accessories you can buy. The rope or strap, as being called, is a very strong one that you will always be glad you invest in. You have lots of advantages with the strap as you can enjoy uninterrupted fun and excitement.
The adjustable strap has six loops to offer, which makes it so easy for anyone to adjust the height to the perfect height that will give comfort and convenience. Users have a long time to use the strap, and it comes with a lifetime warranty to ensure you enjoy the best of your investment.
The strap kit comes with all that you need, such as adjustable 5 ft or 10 ft straps, the package also includes two tree protectors, two locking carabiners, and a stainless-steel swivel for spinning swings or tire swings. It is versatile and can be used on hammocks, spider web swings, saucer swings, and many more.
Your kid's convenience and comfort are put to the heart during the construction of the strap, which is why the material used are top-quality ones, which contributes to the strength and power of the strap. It has ample capacity to hold 2000 pounds, which makes it safe for kids and adults.
- Very safe to use for kids and adults
- Strong and tough
- Load capacity up to 2000 pounds
- Adjustable strap
- It has no significant setback
Climbing Rope Tree Swing – Rope Swings for Kids
The Climbing Rope Tree Swing offers more than fun and excitement as it is also a great kit for strength and balance builder for kids. The swing helps the brain learn to make sense of speed and direction. It helps kids in building their vestibular sensory system.
One of the advantages of the swing strap is that it comes with all hanging hardware. It has one carabiner and one tree strap. So, you need nothing aside from those that have been included in the box. You need no tools for installation aside from the tree you are to use the strap with.
If you are looking for a strong rope for climbing swings, you should opt for this strap. The material which the strap is made of is ASTM F963-11, and CPSIA section 101 (a)(2) approved and very tough. It has the capacity to hold about 120 pounds.
The adjustable length of the strap makes it a wonderful choice for those who are interested in a strap they can adjust to fit their length. It comes with a 6.6 foot, which is too long for most kids. So, you are advised that you adjust the length by pulling the secured rope from inside the disc seat and tie a knot.
- It is very safe and convenient to use
- Tough and very thick
- Lightweight to move for kids
- Long life span
- It has no setback to itself
Be Mindful Skateboard Swing and Climbing Rope
One other product you can consider for the swing is the Be Mindful Skateboard Swing and Climbing Rope. It is a fantastic investment for parents looking for the best rope for swinging for their kids. The uniqueness of this rope is that it comes applicable to a skateboard for kids to use for fun and excitement.
The swing set includes a 16 inches heavy-duty hanging wire, which is comfortable for kids to use. For kids to use the swing, you should just tie the end off around a suitable tree limb or any swing set you have and then tie off the bottom. Your kids can then sit back and enjoy the fun and excitement they desire.
With the way the swing works, it offers more than fun and excitement your kids get from the time spent with it. It helps them in developing strength and balance while using it. Your kids can either sit on the skateboard or stand on it. But it is advisable that the use under your supervision.
- It is fun to use for kids
- Very strong and durable
- Strong rope
- Comfortable and convenient to use
- It has no setback
Be Mindful Climbing Rope Tree Swing
What exactly crosses your mind when you see the name of the rope called Be Mindful Climbing Rope Tree Swing? You might think it is fragile, right? Well, I must tell you that only a few ropes in the market can stand near the durability and toughness of the rope.
It is designed for kids who show interest in swinging. It is a 20 feet rope with 1.5 inches thickness. It is perfect for kids within the age of 3 years and above. It can easily get wrapped around any tree or can be used on any swing device.
One of the things this rope brings to your kids is confidence. The confidence your kids get from swinging with the rope is second to none. Also, it serves as a means of exercise for your kids, thereby improving the hand muscles and their mental stamina.
It comes with different colors that will brighten your yard or park. Using the rope on trees is very easy, as you just need to simply tie off the end around the tree or any hung structure. Then you can watch while your kids have quality time with the artificial swing.
- Improves stamina
- Improves hand muscles strength
- Very strong and durable
- Safe to use for kids
- It is designed for kids
Things to consider before buying the best rope for a tree swing
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- Axial crawler for kids and adults: RC Off-Road Rock Crawler
There are important things that you need to consider when buying rope for a swing for your kids.
If you are buying a rope for a swing set, you should carefully consider the texture of the rope you are getting. Some are smooth and will not leave a blister on your kid's hands, and some will leave blister due to their design and how they were built. If it is not comfortable for your kids to use, then it is never worth buying.
Another factor that you should consider is the strength of the rope. The rope must have the strength to accommodate the capacity of your kids. However, that is not something to worry about as most ropes come with great load capacity to the point some can accommodate adults.
Yes, it is one of those factors that you should consider too. How often do you wish to buy swing rope? I'm sure you do not want to invest frequently on a rope for your kids, which is why you need to opt for the one that has the capacity to last longer. Some in the list above are made from materials, which makes them resistant to weather, UV, and water.
Well, you have nothing to worry about regarding the price of the rope. Most of them come cheap and affordable, which makes it a great investment for parents who want their kids to get involved in swinging.
Getting the best rope for tree swing is never easier, but with the lists and the guide in this article, you can successfully choose the best for yourself without any regret. It is ideal for those who have trees and a swing set that lacks quality rope for kids to have a pleasure time outdoors.


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Nutritional counseling in Nashua can improve your health in ways you never thought possible. That is why in addition to standard chiropractic care, our Nashua chiropractor helps you make the right nutritional choices for weight loss and good health.
#1. Nutritional counseling in Nashua helps you eat better, not eat less
Many people resist the idea of healthy eating because they think they will feel hungry all the time or have to eat bland tasting foods – nothing could be further from the truth! Variety is the foundation of a healthy diet; some nutrition counselors suggest eating food from every color of the rainbow each day.
#2. Your Nashua chiropractor helps you understand how specific foods affect your overall health and happiness
Food contains an incredible variety of vitamins, minerals, calories, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and other compounds that your body uses to provide energy, build muscle, grow healthy skin, and other physiological processes. Not all food is created equal, however, so some foods are rich in the nutrients your body needs while others provide no nutritional value whatsoever. Your chiropractor at Main Street Wellness can teach you how specific foods will affect your body and mood, and then help you choose the right food to maintain optimal health and happiness.
#3. A nutritional counselor can help you develop a long-term strategy that is sustainable and easy to adopt
Making the decision to eat healthier is easy; developing a long-term dietary strategy can be hard. Confusion about what to eat and what to avoid, unsustainable crash diets, and boring food plans can derail your plan to eat a nutritious diet. Nutritional counseling can help you develop a nutritional plan that is sensible, easy to follow and, most importantly, delicious. Our chiropractor can also answer any nutritional questions you may have.
What one question would you ask a nutrition counselor if you had the opportunity?


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New Zealand is one in all my favourite international locations on the planet, and shortly vacationers from some nations will find themselves filling out varieties online (and paying a small charge) to go to the country.
New Zealand adding new ETA requirement
From October 1, 2019, New Zealand would require an Digital Journey Authority (ETA) for visitors from Visa Waiver Nations (this consists of nations like the United States). This may also embrace paying an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.
As it's described, the ETA will "improve the way in which travelers are assessed before they arrive in New Zealand, and help reduce the time needed for border clearance and strengthen border security."
Who will need an ETA for New Zealand?
An ETA will likely be required for those visiting from a visa waiver country, those traveling by means of New Zealand from a transit visa waiver country, cruise ship passengers, and everlasting residents of Australia.
When do it's essential request a New Zealand ETA?
You're speculated to request your ETA well in advance of your journey, as it may well take as much as 72 hours for it to be approved. When you don't hold a valid ETA while you check in in your flight, you gained't be allowed to board.
They say that you may be able to request one at check in, but they can't guarantee that it is going to be processed or permitted in time.
So it sounds to me like in follow these will usually process a lot quicker than 72 hours, however you never know.
How a lot does a New Zealand ETA value?
The ETA process could be completed both by New Zealand Immigration's website or app. They'll be up starting in July, so you can't apply yet. Interestingly the pricing is different depending on which you use. The associated fee is:
9NZD for requests submitted via the mobile app
12NZD for requests submitted using the website
The ETA will be legitimate for a number of visits and as much as years.
It's said that the price will "contributed directly to the tourism infrastructure and to help shield and enhance the natural surroundings [visitors] will get pleasure from throughout their keep in New Zealand."
Is an ETA a visa?
I've deliberately averted taking place this rabbit gap till now, because this gets some surprisingly sturdy opinions (see my recent publish concerning the EU adding an ETA/visa requirement for guests).
A visa is defined as follows:
an endorsement on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, depart, or stay for a specified period of time in a country.
To me this one hundred% is an electronic visa, since that's exactly the purpose of this. However then there are semantics:
Some counsel it's not a visa because this applies to people from visa waiver international locations
At the identical time, Australia acknowledges that their ETA program is a type of visa
Really it all comes down to how international locations need to market things. To me, when you need to fill out an application, pay cash, and need to be accredited, it's a type of visa
Backside line
While I'm generally not an enormous fan of countries adding charges to go to, this price isn't an enormous deal in any respect, and if the cash goes towards preserving New Zealand, I particularly don't mind. This is something to be aware of, though.