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ORLANDO, Fla.—Intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) cases may be increasing in the United States, according to a new study presented at the 2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.
Timothy E. Schultheiss, PhD, director of radiation physics at City of Hope in Duarte, Calif., and colleagues analyzed data from 87,562 men diagnosed with PCa from January 2005 to June 2013. The researchers categorized patients with localized PCa into risk groups using National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria, with intermediate risk defined as T2b-T2c and/or Gleason score 7 and/or PSA 10-20 ng/mL, and high risk as T3 or Gleason score 8-10 or PSA greater than 20 ng/mL.
From 2005 to 2011, the proportion of men with PCa and PSA greater than 10 ng/mL decreased, but the proportion increased by a significant 3% per year from 2011 to 2013. From 2011 to 2013, the percentage of men aged 75 years and older presenting with a PSA level above 10 ng/mL increased by nearly double the rate for men of all ages. The investigators observed no significant trends in Gleason score.
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Prior to 2011—when the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a document recommending against PSA screening regardless of a man's age—the proportion of men with intermediate or high-risk PCa remained stable at 70%–73%.
Based on an estimated 233,000 new PCa cases in 2014, the researchers estimated that approximately 14,000 men per year will shift from a low risk into a higher-risk disease group. Due to the resulting change in prognosis with low versus higher-risk disease, the investigators predict that at least 1,400 more men may die from PCa each year.
Dr. Schultheiss said the study is the first to measure changes in PCa presentation in the period following release of the 2011 USPTF recommendations. "Given the rise in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancers seen in our analysis during this timeframe, men who are at increased risk for prostate cancer, especially those with a family history of prostate cancer, should consider talking with their doctor about PSA screening," he said.
For the study, Dr. Schultheiss' team used data from the National Oncology Data Alliance, a proprietary database of merged tumor registries that captures newly diagnosed cancer cases at more than 150 hospitals in the United States.
"This study, while preliminary, adds new insight to the ongoing debate on the risks and benefits of PSA screening for prostate cancer," said Charles J. Ryan, MD, speaking on behalf of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, which sponsors the annual symposium. "These findings alone do not warrant changes in physician practice, but they do suggest that men should continue to be encouraged to talk with their doctors about screening to decide whether it is appropriate for them," said Dr. Ryan, professor of clinical medicine and urology at the University of California San Francisco.


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Mar 29 2013
Link Section Cleanup
I've done a long overdue cleanup of the link section, due to a lot of dead and rather uninformative sites amongst them. If you wish me to add your site, please write me a mail and I'll take a look at it.
As followers of this blog might have noticed, posting is rather infrequent. If you want to be notified when there is a new post, you can subscribe here. If this doesn't work, please contact me.Regards
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subset: commoncrawl


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As we enter the second day of our quest to find out who is the worst of the wypipo, we would like to thank all of the voters and participants in this year's tournament. Because most of our sponsors backed out at the last minute (apparently, the marketing departments at Shea Moisture, Breitbart and Pepsi didn't think it was such a great idea for their brands), there is no monetary prize or trophy for this year's winner. The 2017 champion will, however, be able to revel in knowing that his, her, it or their efforts haven't gone unnoticed.
Remember, this tournament is not about white people. It's about the brave souls who—knowingly or unknowingly—risk their reputations every day to further the centuries-old subjugation of people of color. It's about the love of the game. It's about the spirit of competition.
Here are the remaining competitors in the first round.
This is our full tournament bracket:
This seems like an easy choice. As one of the oldest teams in the competition, the Ku Klux Klan has been looking for a championship since the 19th century, and the neo-Nazis have one of the most recognizable logos in all of wypipo sports.
But the upstart Russian hackers have managed to get all the headlines lately simply because of their ability to subvert the American democracy. We must also remember that even though this is the first year of this tournament, the Russians won their only other previous matchup against the Nazis way back in 1945.
Many people think Flint, Mich., is a shoo-in because it won its regular-season conference by poisoning an entire city, but don't forget that "Bernie bros" almost flooded the entire country with white tears when Sen. Bernie Sanders lost the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. Their refusal to vote for Hillary Clinton might have paved the way for Donald Trump's presidency.
Breitbart earned the higher seed because it is a real organization, while the family from Get Out is fictional. But let's be honest here—who do you hate more: The little-read site that is the "voice for the alt-right," or the family that is a metaphor for how white America suckers black people into trusting it, only to steal their bodies, minds, culture and talent?
What the hell is a "blue life"? I've asked the same question, but apparently, only police officers and Chick-fil-A workers know the answer.
What the hell is a "safe space"? Do you feel "triggered" by this tournament? Does this competition make you want to retreat to your "safe space"? If unchecked liberalism makes you salty, it's because the cold world sometimes freezes white tears and turns them into delicately falling snowflakes.
The National Rifle Association's advocacy of unchecked gun laws pits one of the wealthiest lobbies against wypipo who wear Black Lives Matter T-shirts and think that atones for all of their previous sins. It comes down to whom you trust more: a man who wants an AR-15 and believes that "only a good guy with a gun can stop a bad guy with a gun," or someone who thinks that a safety pin can stop racism.
Is the home of Sean Hannity, and Trump's favorite network, worse than the league that's blackballing Colin Kaepernick? Are they the same? Neither is fair or balanced. Both make millions off turning black bodies into entertainment for white America. Both have employees who abuse women. Most important, anyone who works for either organization usually ends up needing his or her head examined.
Pink pussy hats vs. rebel-flag baseball caps. The people who are unwilling to admit that the Civil War was about slavery, versus the women who want to convince you of their oppression while benefiting from white supremacy. Marching for a Confederate statue or marching for equality that boxes out women of color. The people who proudly voted for Trump versus the people who quietly voted for Trump.
One managed to convince poor wypipo that their health care, communities and country will be better if the government gives tax breaks to corporations and the wealthy. The other tried to convince America that a can of soda can stop police brutality. Now choose.
Nbecki Dikembe Shaka Zulu Motombo Dolezal changed races, and Caitlyn Jenner changed genders but still supports the party of pussy-grabbing, transphobic woman haters. While Jenner might once have been the greatest American athlete, does Jenner's Republicanism match the way Dolezal contorts herself to try to make you believe her fetishized view of black people? Please don't forget that Dolezal once referred to herself as "Rachel Luther King."
Both of these average white women want to fundamentally change the American education system. Betsy DeVos believes in school choice that might lead to the resegregation of American schools. Our dear Abby Fisher went all the way to the Supreme Court to end affirmative action when she was butt-hurt that her grades weren't good enough to get into the college of her choice. Never mind that white women benefit the most from affirmative action.
Megyn Kelly collected millions while loudly declaring that Santa and Jesus were white, and justified police abuse of a black teenage girl by saying that the girl "was no saint." Then, after she experienced unfair treatment at Fox News, she collected her millions, moved to NBC and became a feminist icon.
Khloé Kardashian's curse ruined James Harden's chance at an NBA championship. She began dating Harden while her then-husband, Lamar Odom, was lying in a crack-and-Viagra coma in Vegas after a threesome with prostitutes. She also "borrows" from black designers without giving them credit.
The cultural-appropriation championship features Kanye West's baby mama against the white woman who thought she could suddenly become a superstar in black music if she featured Migos and started acting gangsta. Then she thought she could erase all of her actions by making a video with DeRay Mckesson.
The melted marshmallow known as Lena Dunham went on a Twitter rant about Odell Beckham because how dare a black man not recognize her shitty, privileged attitude? Valerie Smith claimed that she was allowed to tell police that black people were standing in front of her house "drinking Hennessy" like a "bunch of niggers" because she was the only white person on her street.
Do we even need to lay out their transgressions? Alternative facts. Cultural appropriation. Unabashedly lying. Using black women's big booties as a stage prop. Sitting with her feet on the couch.
I'm sure Kellyanne Conway did some stuff, too.
Tomi Lahren loves starting shit. She attacked Auntie Maxine on Twitter. She has a long-running beef with Wale. She attacked black people every day before she was fired. She even attacked an airline.
But is that worse than the 18-year old who stayed out past her curfew and decided to spread the story that three masked black men kidnapped and raped her?
Kylie and Kendall Jenner, after using black people as props in Pepsi commercials, lip challenges and real life, decided that they were endowed with so much privilege that they could take the images of Tupac and the Notorious B.I.G. and use them to line their own pockets.
But is it worse than the beautiful millionaire actress who said that sexism in Hollywood is like racism? It's up to you.
Make sure you vote in today's matchups—plus, there are still a few hours to vote in yesterday's bracket.
Stay tuned to see who will move into the next round later this week, and remember: If there is such a thing as white supremacy, then we need to know who is the most supreme of them all.


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Every morning, the fine folks at Sports Radio Interviews sift through the a.m. drive-time chatter to bring you the best interviews with coaches, players, and personalities across the sports landscape. Today: Bill says it's all the media's fault.
Bill Belichick joined WEEI in Boston with the Big Show to talk about the game against the Cowboys, why Chad Ochocinco has been so ineffective, whether or not he expected more from Ochocinco this year, why his snaps are getting limited, the handshake between Jim Harbaugh and Jim Schwartz, and Sean Payton getting hurt on the sidelines.
On the game against the Cowboys:
"We did some good things and we had some problems. Any time you turn the ball over four times your odds of winning aren't very high so I don't think that's a good formula for us, but when all was said and done the team played pretty good football in the last four minutes. Had a good punt, covered it well, held them and got the ball back, moved it down, and scored. That's when we had to play our best football and didn't have any margin for error. We had already made enough mistakes in the game to put ourselves in that predicament but fortunately our players were able to respond at that time and make the plays when they counted the most. That's why we won and had we not made those plays it woulda been a different result."
On Chad Ochocinco not producing again versus the Cowboys:
"I think we can come in here after every game and talk about one player that didn't have production and other players who did and we'll be able to go back and forth on that every week and you know pick out some guy who didn't have many tackles or some guys that didn't have a lot of production and somebody else that did. We'll be doing that every single week."
Whether or not he expected more from Ochocinco:
"What we're expecting to do is win, go out there and move the ball and score points. I feel like we're doing a pretty good job of that so if we can produce offensively as a team and everyone is doing their job which involves a lot of different things then that's good. If we're not then we have to do better. We're gonna try and do better anyway but you're talking about team production in a team sport. Same thing on defense. The more we can turn the ball over, stop teams, get the ball back for the offense, be in good field position it doesn't mean everyone is gonna have the most tackles or the most this or that it's how we function as a team. If guys are doing their job then they're gonna play more, they're gonna get more opportunities and get on the field. If not somebody else will probably be doing it instead of them."
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On Chad Ochocinco not playing many snaps against the Cowboys:
"Some of that is game plan related. It's not the number of snaps it's the amount of production with the opportunities so obviously players that only get so many opportunities are gonna have few opportunities to have production than other players. The important thing is when they do get those opportunities they make the most of them in whatever the job is or their assignment is on that particular play."
On the handshake between Jim Schwartz and Jim Harbaugh:
"No I dont think so. You always want to go out there as the winning coach that's for sure. I think probably like a lot of things in football it's become something a lot different than what it really was intended to be or really is. I think there was a time when you could go out there and actually exchange some words with your competitor after the game like a lot of other players do you have a relationship with a guy or whatever and after the game you go up say something to him. Talk for a couple of seconds and then go into your locker room and that's it. You could easily go up and say something to the coach about the game if you lost, congratulate him or if he won to maybe talk about the way his team played or whatever. Of course now it's so heavily scrutinized by the media that it is an event bigger than the game itself which is so absurd. Like a lot of things it takes any personalization out of the game and makes it a public topic for discussion. I think it's ridiculous that the media focuses on it the way it does. I'd like to think the reason the people are there is to see the game and see the competition, but we seem to want to talk about anything but the game. Thats the media's job so that's what they do but it takes away from the things you would say as a coach."
On Sean Payton getting hurt on the sidelines:
"Yeah that's a tough one. Same thing happened to Charlie (Weis) at Notre Dame. It was his third year at Notre Dame when he got there and it happens. We have all been hit on the sidelines and it certainly happens in practice, especially as a defensive coach where you're standing by the defense. It's a lot easier to get out of the way on the offensive side of the ball but things happen over there too. Defensively you're standing back there in the secondary and those guys are moving pretty fast and it's hard to get out of the way. You get mowed down by one of those guys you will feel it. They're big, they're fast, and they're not really focused on you. You've gotta give them so space."
This post, written by Chris Fedor, appears courtesy of Sports Radio Interviews. For the complete highlights of the interview, as well as audio, click here.
More from Sports Radio Interviews
• One driver says Dan Wheldon's death won't change anything in IndyCar.
• Kevin Durant says the lockout's not about money.
• Stu Grimson is done talking about Don Cherry.


text: Segmentation of the vertebrate body axis is initiated through somitogenesis, whereby epithelial somites bud off in pairs periodically from the rostral end of the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM). clock gene oscillations across the PSM and that somite formation can continue in the absence of Notch activity. However, it is not clear in the mouse if an FGF/Wnt-based oscillator is sufficient to generate segmented structures, such as the somites, in the absence of all Notch activity. We have Regorafenib price investigated the requirement for Notch signalling in the mouse somitogenesis clock by analysing embryos carrying a mutation in different components of the Notch pathway, such as ((genes Regorafenib price in zebrafish embryos interferes with cyclic gene expression and leads to the generation of irregular somites, similar to the phenotype observed in different mouse and zebrafish transgenic lines transporting a mutation in various components of the Notch pathway [2],[3],[8]. Finally, a third possibility is usually that Notch signalling may have dual functions as both a clock generator as well as a clock synchronizer [14],[15]. In this statement we re-examine the implication of Notch signalling in the mechanism of the mouse somitogenesis oscillator and in murine somite formation by analysing embryos transporting a mutation in different components of the Notch pathway, such as (and (hybridisation using (GCI) or (JCL) probes. (G,H) Two wild type embryos displaying different pattern of expression and (I) one expression throughout the PSM. (J,K) Two wild type embryos displaying different pattern of expression and (L) one expression throughout the PSM. To COG7 address the nature of this oscillator we analysed the expression of a number of oscillatory genes. In the beginning we analysed the expression of Notch-regulated cyclic genes. The expression of was upregulated in the entire PSM of embryos (n?=?10, Figure 1I). Similarly, we analysed (n?=?20, Physique 1L; [16]). Thus, the total results show that in the absence of important unfavorable regulatory components, such as for example Lfng and Regorafenib price Hes7, Notch activity appears upregulated even if the mutant embryos have the ability to generate segmented buildings even now. Notch activity continues Regorafenib price to be powerful in the PSM of mRNA within the rostral half from the PSM of outrageous type or embryos. Compared to that end we isolated the full total RNA from pooled rostral half PSM examples of several outrageous type and mutant embryos of unidentified cyclic phases and performed quantitative RT-PCR. We noticed the fact that relative expression degree of uncovered no statistically factor between outrageous type (n?=?12) and (n?=?10) PSM examples (Body 2A; t-test, df?=?20, P?=?0.130). One feasible explanation because of this lack of deposition of mRNA in the mRNA appearance in these embryos using the probe properly monitoring the strength from the revelation stage we noticed different patterns or stages of appearance (n?=?13, Figure 2B and 2C; [22]). Longer staining from the same mutant embryos resulted in the overall upregulation of defined above (Body 2B' and 2C', Body 1I). Under equivalent conditions of much longer staining this general upregulation isn't observed using outrageous type embryos (n?=?25, data not shown). To further corroborate these data we analysed intronic probe in order to detect nascent pre-spliced mRNA and thereby to show the location of active transcription [23]. The expression much like those observed in wild type embryos (n?=?6, Figure 2D and 2E, data not shown). To confirm that these different patterns corresponded indeed to a dynamic activity we performed a half embryo analysis, in which the tail of an embryo is usually split longitudinally in two halves, then one half is immediately fixed and the other is usually cultured for 60 moments before fixation [24],[25]. hybridisation with an intronic probe on samples prepared using this type of analysis showed that the two halves displayed different patterns of expression (n?=?5, Determine 2F), which clearly indicates that in the absence of Lfng activity the expression of.


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CLEARFIELD, Pa. (AP) — Bigfoot enthusiasts converged on a northern Pennsylvania town to swap theories about the creatures.
The Patriot-News reports that about 50 Bigfoot enthusiasts met Saturday in Clearfield, and they fell into distinct camps. The town is about 120 miles northwest of Harrisburg.
The first group believes Bigfoot is a "cryptozoological hominid creature." The second group thinks Bigfoot is an extraterrestrial with ties to UFOs or other aliens. The third group believes the Bigfoot types envisioned by the other groups are two different creatures. The fourth group believes the other three are all crazy.
Eric Altman, director of the Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society, traces the legend of Bigfoot-type creatures back to pre-Colonial Native Americans and newspaper accounts of "wildmen" as far back as 1838. But he says the term Bigfoot wasn't used before 1958.


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Conley Surname History
Breoghan conquered and became king of Galicia, Andalusia, Murcia (Spain), Castile and Portugal. Bile, son of Breoghan became king of these countries after his father's death. Milesius, the son of Bile was the ruler of Spain. He fought for a time in Scythia and then later went to Egypt where he fought for the pharaoh against Ethiopia. He found great favor with Pharaoh Nectonibus who gave Milesius his daughter Scota in marriage. Milesius later returned to Spain to find a great famine had occurred. He superstitiously believed the famine to have fallen upon his people as a judgment for failing to seek out the land foretold by prophecy to be their final abode.
Milesius sent his uncle Ithe along with a force of men to bring him a report of these western lands. The rulers of the island where Ithe came were suspicious of Ithe and had him killed. Milesius made preparations to invade the land and also avenge his uncle's death. Before the invasion took place, Milesius died and left the expedition to his eight sons. During the initial invasion, a great storm arose and five of his sons were killed. The three surviving brothers, Heber, Heremon, and Amergin with Heber Donn, son of Ir (one of the brothers lost in the storm), invaded the island and gained possession of the country foretold them.
The sons of Milesius named the land Scotia in honor of their mother, Scota. Heber and Heremon divided the kingdom between them and became jointly the first of many of the Milesian race that governed Ireland. Heber and Heremon reigned jointly one year only, when because of family quarrels, Heremon slew his brothers Heber and Amergin. Heremon became sole king. From these three brothers, Heber, Ir, and Heremon (Amergin died without children) are descended all the Milesian peoples of Ireland and Scotland.
Later kings of Scotia were exiled for a time to another island to the east and they took the name Scotia with them. The land was subsequently renamed Ireland in honor of Ir, the brother of Heremon and Heber. The island of exile was later to become Scotland.
Through direct lineage, Niall of the Nine Hostages later became king of Ireland. He was so named because of his practice of taking prominent hostages from the lands he conquered. Niall had many sons and was the progenitor of many Irish families one of which was O'Conghalaigh. O'Conghalaigh comes from the Gaelic word conghal which means "fierce as a wolf" and was based in the Connacht province of Northern Ireland which includes the counties of Galway and Leitrim. Variations of the name were later found in the counties Cork, Ulster and Monaghan.
Variations of the name included Connelly and Connolly with the Monaghan Connolly's having been the most prominent. Members of the family are first noted as coming to prominence in the 15th century and are recorded as having "chiefs of the name" up to the 17th century. They were instrumental in organizing the native Irish rebellion of 1641; however, following its failure, they lost much of their power and possessions. English versions of the name now include Conley, Conely, Connelley and Conneely.


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Let Eagles Mere Country Club welcome you to host your next special occasion here at our beautiful clubhouse. As always, golfing packages are available.
There are several types of celebratory events that we commonly host:
- Birthdays
- Graduations
- Reunions
- Bridal Showers
- Wedding Rehearsal Dinners
- Weddings
- Post-Nuptial Breakfast/Brunch
- Wedding Anniversaries


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OFF THE CUFF is a participative blog run by the Crash. Its purpose is to expose the diversity of experiences and opinions that exist among humanitarian aid practitioners. Online comments as well as direct contributions are more than welcome.
Views expressed on this blog are those of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of Médecins Sans Frontières
The books of the CRASH are now available in EPUB format
At the time of digital humanities and as part of a project to make available to the public all books written by members of the CRASH since the 1990s, the following books are now downloadable in EPUB format on our website.
Mediterranean: the Aquarius Aquarium
As an MSF nurse, François-Xavier Daoudal returned at the end of June after spending three weeks on board the Aquarius. During his time on the ship, 629 people were rescued. However, immediately after the rescue operation, the Italian and Maltese authorities refused the ship permission to dock, triggering a huge political and media furor. The Aquarius was left stranded at sea for several days before being able to transfer some of the rescued migrants to two Italian navy ships. All passengers were finally disembarked in Spanish port Valencia. What can be drawn from such an experience? Read on to see what F-X had to say during an interview on the political implications, life on board the Aquarius and the issue of people smuggling. He also shared with us what the migrants themselves had to say.
Rony Brauman: « French military interventions create "safe billets" in Africa »
Rony Brauman takes a critical look at "humanitarian wars" and argues for political solutions that could include Islamists. He recently published "Humanitarian Wars? Lies and intox "(Textuel, 2018). This interview was published on July 03, 2018 in l'Opinion.
Tomorrow's war ? With Bertrand Badie
Tomorrow's war? Bertrand Badie is pessimistic given the extremely high tension in the Middle East. Modern conflicts in the region are defined by their uncertain, composite and heterogeneous nature, as well as by their permanence, as there are no winners and no losers. The situation can be interpreted vertically as a "superposition of logics of conflict" and horizontally as an "aggregate of logics of coalition". Bertrand Badie explained that a conflict situation is really dangerous when it combines several logics of conflict and several logics of alliance, making it virtually impossible to reach a compromise. Today, we can distinguish fives layers of conflict in the Middle East, a level of superposition never previously attained, according to this specialist in international relations.
The story of patient Philippe Lançon, after the terrorist attack against Charlie Hebdo
Philippe Lançon works as a journalist for the French satirical magazine, Charlie Hebdo, and Libération newspaper. His book, Le lambeau was published in April. As the author and subject of his narrative, he relates his experience as a hospital patient after surviving the terrorist attack against Charlie Hebdo during its editorial meeting on 7 January 2015. Although a "novice" when it comes to hospitals and operating theatres, he is a seasoned journalist. He is currently writing for Libération's culture page, but previously reported on armed conflicts (Iraq and Somalia). So he's no novice when it comes to casualties of war. In 2015, he became a reporter reporting on himself and on hospital surgery.
Mortality emergency threshold: A case for revision
The crude mortality rate (CMR) is one of the most widely used indicators at MSF and the humanitarian sector to evaluate the severity of a health crisis within a given population. It is widely recognized that a CMR equal to or greater than one death per 10,000 persons a day signifies an emergency situation requiring an immediate response. However, the usage of the standard emergency threshold as "1/10,000/day" is very questionable: it goes against the official recommendations endorsed by humanitarian organizations and ignores the worldwide decline in mortality rates over the last 30 years.
Thanks to the migrant crisis, or the reception crisis as it would be more appropriate to call it, the issue of hospitality is back in the forefront. On 17 May, the Maison des Métallos organised a conference with two social science researchers - Michel Agier and Benjamin Boudou - and an NGO manager Cécile Poletti to discuss existing tensions between private hospitality and public hospitality.
Race and health. A fascinating article on the history of medicine
An article entitled "Médecines du corps noir" [Medicine and the black body], published on the La vie des idées website on 27 April, discusses three American history books on the origins of medicine in the United States in the context of slavery in the 18th and 19th centuries. Between experimentation and resistance, the history of relationships between race and health illustrates the decisive role played by African slaves.
Genocide from an historical, legal and political standpoint
The publication of the journalist Judi Rever's book, In Praise of Blood, on the crimes committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front's armed rebellion has rekindled discussion over the existence of a "double genocide", one committed against the Tutsis under the orders of Rwanda's interim government which took power in April 1994 following the assassination of President Habyarimana, and the other against the Hutus by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) which seized power in July 1994. There is little or no controversy about the reality of the genocide of the Tutsis in the world of Rwandan studies, but the claim that the Hutus were in turn victims of genocide sparks reactions as violent as they are confused. The cause of this confusion can be found in the different definitions of a term used in at least three fields: history, law and politics.
Humanitarian Wars ? - Interview with Rony Brauman
Rony Brauman has just published "Guerres humanitaires ? Mensonges et intox". This book, a collection of interviews co-authored with Régis Meyran, explores a number of recent armed interventions that have all shared the goal of saving lives. Reviewing conflicts in Somalia, Libya, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq, Brauman discusses the reasons advanced for justifying these wars and the accompanying lies.
Summer reading
A selection of books chosen by members of Crash. Happy summer and happy reading !
Hospital airstrikes: gathering evidence through images
Interview with Pierre Mendiharat, deputy director of operations (MSF).


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English | ISBN: 052175285X | 2002 | 208 Pages | PDF | 33 MB
English for Business Studies is a course for students who need to be able to understand and talk about key business and economic concepts. The 30 units cover a range of issues, including work and motivation, production, marketing, banking, business ethics, exchange rates and international trade. The second edition contains two new chapters: Information and Electronic Commerce, and Entrepreneurs and Venture Capital. It also includes a full update of the existing units. The cassettes and audio CDs contain authentic interviews with experts talking about their field of business or economics.


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Android Ecosystem — This Week in Android
Welcome to our newest Monday feature — Android Ecosystem! While some folks are bandying around different sales numbers for the Motorola Droid (s mot) — estimates range between 200,000 and 250,000 in the first week — others are more concerned about the state of the Android Marketplace (s goog). Jason Kincaid penned an interesting piece on how Google needs a desktop application store. Apple certainly has one in iTunes, but as Jason admits in his article, 90 percent of iPhone software purchases are made over the air according to an AdMob survey.
I'm not representative of your mainstream consumer, but I can't remember the last time — or even the first time — that I looked for software in the iTunes store on a computer. I don't think a desktop app store alone is the answer, but it wouldn't hurt — instead, Google needs to continue revamping its mobile Android Marketplace to make it easier to find apps. I'm not against Jason's suggestion to revamp the existing Google Android Marketplace website with a "buy here and push to phone" software store. While that would be useful, I don't see much value added — the best mobile solution is to have customers find what they need for their handset right on their handset, not in front of a computer. Google can start by making better use of screen real estate in the Market — I find that the large "Update" and "Install" buttons are too big and there's too much scrolling in general when look at an application's details. Is it just me?
While we ponder and debate Android software approaches, let's not forget that some new hardware is due out this week. The Samsung Behold II arrives for T-Mobile customers on Wednesday. That price of admission nets you a 3.2″ AMOLED touchscreen display, Samsung's TouchWIZ interface riding atop Android 1.6, a 2 GB microSD card, Wi-Fi, 3G and 5 megapixel camera. I've read two different price tags for the Behold II — $199 and $229 — and Samsung's official press release does nothing to clarify a price. I'm thinking $199 is the cost later this week because we're starting to see real competition to get good smartphones under the $199 barrier after subsidy.


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I am a front-end developer currently located in East Lansing, MI. I have over 10 years of experience in the web. My work has evolved from the table-based layouts of the early 2000's to semantic HTML and CSS, to HTML5 and CSS3 using a CSS preprocessor. Along the way I've picked up some jQuery and PHP skills as well.
I primarily work on Drupal and WordPress implementations, but can adapt and learn new content management systems fairly quickly. From accessibility to implementing complex designs, I enjoy the challenge that front-end development provides.
When I'm not pushing pixels, I enjoy cooking, playing computer games, and spending time with my husband and two children.


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Ignore reader's off-based critique of Capitol Police
I read with incredible outrage the "Letter to the Editor Courthouse murders still evoke questions" (Fri.), by Nathan Shapiro. For someone to voice such an extremely inappropriate and uninformed opinion, it must not go unanswered.
On February 11, 2013, Capitol Police officers working in the lobby of the New Castle County Courthouse were confronted with an active shooter. The man entered the building armed and began firing his weapon targeting two individuals. Without hesitation, the officers moved toward the threat neutralizing it. Their professionalism and lack of reservation reflects the courage and sacrifice that speaks to the tradition of Delaware law enforcement. There is no doubt that the actions of the officers saved many innocent lives.
It would be interesting to know had Mr. Shapiro been placed in the same situation if he would have displayed the same amount of courage in the face of hostile gunfire, as he does now, with his pen behind the cloak of an editorial opinion.
Lewis D. Schiliro
Delaware Department
of Safety and Homeland


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May is Fairtrade Month, and Fairtrade Canada is making sure that there are lots of ways for you to get involved!
FTOÉ is going to participate in Fairtrade Month through the hashtags #FairtradeMonth and #MoisFairtrade and fair trade events. You can also get involved in the Canadian movement for greater awareness of fair trade. Enter Fairtrade Canada's social media contest, and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube for updates on fair trade products and projects.
If you want to get up to your elbows in Fair Trade events, below you'll find some things that are going on in and around Ottawa this month. We will update this list as we hear of other events, and feel free to submit your own!
Saturday, May 2:
- Wakefield's 8th Annual Fair Trade Fair will celebrate Fairtrade Month in the village of Wakefield—already a Fair Trade Town!
Sunday, May 3:
- Lansdowne Farmers' Market's regular season begins! Please be sure to support small, local, organic producers when you can't get something in a Fair Trade variety!
- Screening of "La Ciudad" ("The City") [link no longer available] presented by South ↔ North: Cinema Across Borders. Check out this critically-acclaimed film that touches on labour issues.
Saturday, May 9:
- Fair Trade Soirée Équitable, which is FTOÉ's biggest event of the year!
Saturday, May 23:
- FTOÉ's annual Visioning Retreat! If you want to be involved in the direction FTOÉ takes in 2015-2016, contact us for more information!
- Great Glebe Garage Sale, where various green non-profits will be reaching out to the community!
Saturday, May 23 and Sunday, May 24:
- Run for Biodiversity / Vive la biodiversité! [link no longer available] USC is holding a run to raise funds to support Ethiopian farmers looking to keep sustainable farming practices alive.


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Rice-A-Roni & Pasta Roni Variety Pack
Product Details
Our Rice-A-Roni products combine rice, pasta and the perfect mix of seasonings to create delicious, family pleasing side dishes and main dish recipes.
- Variety pack may vary
Nutritional Information
Rice-A-Roni Cups Chicken: Rice, Wheat Flour, Maltodextrin, Salt, Natural Flavor, Sugar, Autolyzed Yeast Extract, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Canola Oil, Onions, Potassium Chloride, Monosodium Glutamate, Chicken Broth, Chicken Fat, Parsley*, Niacinamide, Ferric Orthophosphate, Garlic, Sunflower Oil, Turmeric (Color), Thiamin Mononitrate, Folic Acid, Disodium Guanylate, Disodium Inosinate, Ferrous Sulfate, Riboflavin. *Dried. CONTAINS MILK, SOY AND WHEAT INGREDIENTS. Rice-A-Roni Cups Cheddar Broccoli: Rice, Wheat Flour, Maltodextrin, Palm Oil, Whey, Salt, Nonfat Dry Milk, Canola Oil, Parmesan Cheese (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Corn Syrup Solids, Broccoli*, Natural Flavor, Cheddar Cheese (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Onions, Modified Corn Starch, Monosodium Glutamate, Cheddar And Romano Cheeses (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Cream, Sugar, Annato (Color), Niacinamide, Spinach*, Ferric Orthophosphate, Yeast Extract, Autolyzed Yeast Extract, Blue Cheese (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Folic Acid, Ferrous Sulfate, Riboflavin. *Dried. Pasta Roni Parmesan Romano Cups: Wheat Flour, Maltodextrin, Whey, Modified Corn Starch, Cultured Nonfat Milk, Parmesan Cheese (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Sunflower Oil, Salt, Romano Cheese (Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes), Canola Oil, Natural Flavor, Onions, Parsley*, White Pepper, Tocopherols (To Preserve Freshness), Soybean Oil, Niacinamide, Ferrous Sulfate, Annatto (Color), Thiamin Mononitrate, Riboflavin, Folic Acid, Cheddar Cheese (Cultured Milk, Salt, Enzymes), Soy Sauce (Soybean, Wheat, Salt). *Dried. CONTAINS MILK, SOY AND WHEAT INGREDIENTS.
Allergen Info
Derived From Sunflower Seeds and Their Derivatives,Wheat and Their Derivatives.
Actual product packaging and materials may contain additional and/or different ingredient, nutritional, or proper usage information than the information displayed on our website. You are responsible ... Read More
Product Reviews
Dillons Food Stores is not responsible for the content provided in customer ratings and reviews. For more information, visit our Terms and Conditions.


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Joey Sturgis Tones has announced the release of Toneforge Jason Richardson, the latest addition to the Toneforge line of plugins.
This plugin offers three new amp designs, two custom cabinets, three effect pedals, and a complete post-processing section. All aspects of Toneforge Jason Richardson are derived from the tones created with producer Taylor Larson on Jason's debut solo album, "I" and then progressed with Joey's unique sonic mindset.
Jason Richardson has made a name for himself and his guitar playing abilities in bands such as All Shall Perish, Born Of Osiris, Chelsea Grin – and most recently as a solo artist with the release of his debut album, "I", in 2016. Now, Joey Sturgis Tones is excited to bring Jason's signature tone to the masses with his signature Toneforge plugin, released at this year's Winter NAMM 2017.
Toneforge Jason Richardson features
- Guitar tones derived from Jason Richardson's album, "I".
- 3 New Amps.
- 2 Custom Guitar Cabinets.
- 3 New Pedal Models (Delay, Lo-Fi & Reverb).
- Onboard Tuner.
- Dynamic Post-Processing Section.
Toneforge Jason Richardson for Windows and Mac (VST/AU/RTAS/AAX) is available for purchase for $99 USD.
More information: Joey Sturgis Tones


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England v Argentina: Wilson, Hartley, Marler & Foden start
Last updated on .From the section Rugby Union
England have made four changes to their starting XV for Saturday's Test against Argentina at Twickenham.
Leicester prop Dan Cole, who has been a fixture in the England side since making his debut in 2010, makes way for Bath tight-head David Wilson.
Dylan Hartley replaces Tom Youngs at hooker and loose-head Joe Marler replaces the injured Mako Vunipola.
Ben Foden comes in for the injured Marland Yarde on the wing but Christian Wade is out with a hamstring strain.
Scrum-half Ben Youngs failed a fitness test on a hip injury on Friday and will be replaced on the bench by Danny Care.
England head coach Stuart Lancaster said Wasps winger Wade had been "in contention for a start" but that his hamstring tightened up in training.
On Foden, Lancaster added: "Ben has had a full week's training on the wing, he is a great finisher and in form so it's a great option for us."
Cole and Youngs are included on an experienced replacements' bench, which also sees the return from injury and concussion respectively of fellow British and Irish Lions Alex Corbisiero and Geoff Parling.
Northampton's Corbisiero returns to the squad after overcoming a knee problem, although he had been expected to start the second match of England's autumn series instead of Harlequins' Marler.
Saracens full-back Alex Goode is on the bench to cover the back three, while Bath lock Dave Attwood drops out of the squad.
England beat Australia 20-13 last weekend in the first of their three autumn Tests.
England: M Brown (Harlequins); C Ashton (Saracens), J Tomkins (Saracens), B Twelvetrees (Gloucester Rugby), B Foden (Northampton); O Farrell (Saracens), L Dickson (Northampton Saints); J Marler (Harlequins), D Hartley (Northampton Saints), D Wilson (Bath Rugby), J Launchbury (London Wasps), C Lawes (Northampton Saints), T Wood (Northampton Saints), C Robshaw (Harlequins, capt), B Vunipola (Saracens).
Replacements: T Youngs (Leicester Tigers), A Corbisiero (Northampton Saints), D Cole (Leicester Tigers), G Parling (Leicester Tigers), B Morgan (Gloucester Rugby), B Youngs (Leicester Tigers), T Flood (Leicester Tigers), A Goode (Saracens).


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mBlog: What's mBlog
By sandeep in Corporate DNA
"We are living in interesting times". This simple statement is purportedly implying a positive tone, yet it is generally considered to be a curse. Just like its meaning, the history behind it is also paradoxical. Its source is attributed to an ancient Chinese curse, and yet – it is actually modern. And Western. So? What has that got to do with this post? I am glad you asked.
The "interesting times" I am referring to is the current era of the Internet and Social media savvy world. We all have an easy access to information – rather too easy. While you can use Google to enrich your knowledge, you can also immerse in the social media that swings wildly between the mission critical and the trivial. And this ability to freely broadcast literally anything has led to rampant, frivolous and indiscriminate information flood. Why is this bad? It is so because everyone is spewing out the status updates, the tweets, and more. In this list, the biggest offender is the links. Links? Yes, the ubiquitous links that are shared through emails, WhatsApp messages and retweets. In my opinion, this reckless abandon with which everyone 'shares' with the rest of the world, is causing the Internet to be chaotic. To avoid this, we have a responsibility to keep adding value when we share something with others.
I always tell my team that if you feel compelled to send a link to someone, please add a short synopsis of what you are sharing and why, rather than just forwarding the link. To practice what I preach, I am going to devote a mini Blog (mBlog) that will have a thoughtful vignette related to what I read, hear or watch. In maximum of 300 words, I hope to remove the paradox from the term "interesting times"!


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Song of the day – 353: Tearist
Listen. I don't want to start repeating everything my writers recommend – I like to think of myself separate from the herd, however unruly a shape the herd takes – but, hey! I like my writers. Otherwise they wouldn't be writing here.
This one was cruelly overlooked here on Collapse Board. Cruelly. The only other post as cruelly overlooked as this was Wallace's eloquently and passionately argued appraisal of Barbara Panther, and that one you're all going to be pretending you were entirely familiar with come 12 months time. So. I'm going to post this here, and remind you. Beautiful and pressing and random and flowing and jittery and full of purple little bug-headed bugs: music that will make you smile about music once more (to lift a line from one of my Twitter correspondents).
From Brigette's original post:
Oh Tearist, I can feel the vibrations of guilt and terror from your drum machine. Your singer who squeals and spits, flops and flails in some bizarre Hot Topic potato sack — she throws down a railroad spike and gives birth to a house of convex mirrors. I hope each of our voices becomes as hoarse as the one we hear now, whether we are shouting for the advancement of our civilization or shouting down our innermost evils.


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The labor market was the strong point of the U.S. economy in the last quarter of 2015, with an average of 284,000 jobs added in the last three months of the year.
The January 2016 Employment Summary from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released on Friday indicated a bit of a slowdown, however, with 151,000 jobs added in the first month of the year—close to half of the previous three-month average.
"The January jobs report reflected a labor market that is slowing. While the addition of 151,000 jobs was enough to reduce the unemployment rate slightly, it is a marked decline from the payroll gains of the fourth quarter," NAFCU Chief Economist Curt Long said. "Turbulence in the stock market and fears for the prospects of global growth are likely taking a toll, but the overall picture is one of a labor market that is drawing near to full employment."
The good news for the labor market is that the unemployment rate dipped to 4.9 percent, the first time it has been below 5 percent since before the recession. Wage growth, which has lagged in recent months, jumped by 12 cents over-the-month in January up to $25.39 and by 2.5 percent since the previous January. The ADP Employment Report for January 2016, released on Thursday, reported much better numbers than the BLS, with 205,000 private sector jobs added. The labor participation rate, which had fallen to its lowest levels since the 1970s, ticked up slightly to 62.7 percent in January.
"Following outsized gains during the fourth quarter of last year, the consensus expectation was for job gains to moderate in January," Fannie Mae Chief Economist Doug Duncan said. "Though the headline nonfarm payroll increase came in somewhat weaker than market expectations, details pointed to a solid labor market, with a jump in average hourly earnings and a longer average workweek. In addition, the unemployment rate fell below 5 percent for the first time in nearly 8 years as the labor force participation rate edged up for the second consecutive month. Despite the equity market crosscurrents, it appears that labor market conditions remain healthy."
While wage growth was solid over-the-year in January, and the wage growth that many analysts have stated is desperately needed for the economy is predicted to happen in 2016, just how much of a benefit will the wage growth be if it happens?
"As the labor market tightens, we should continue to expect strong gains in wages in 2016," Trulia Chief Economist Ralph McLaughlin said. "However, while wage growth is good news for households, price and rent increases of 3 to 4 percent during the same period have completely offset these wage gains."
Long stated, "While nominal wage growth is still slightly below historical norms, it is still outpacing inflation by a decent margin. Moreover, we have seen meaningful improvements in the participation rate over the past six months which suggests that more sidelined workers are being brought back into the labor pool."
What is the outlook for another Fed rate hike after January's employment summary? According to Duncan, "The fed funds futures market apparently wrote off a March rate hike before this report. However, we feel today's report offers little clue about near-term Fed actions, nor does it alter our expectation for only modest increases in mortgage rates during 2016, which is a positive for a housing market challenged by affordability constraints." According to Long, "This report is neither strong enough nor weak enough to materially impact the Fed's rate decision in March, which at this point still looks like a decision to hold."
Click here to view the BLS January 2016 Employment Summary,
Click here to view the ADP Employment Report for January 2016.


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Had a discussion with an ex-banker yesterday. He shared a wonderful information that there are over RM30b unclaimed insurance fund with the government. I am not sure how accurate the figure but.....
What if your surviving spouse or children (in case both you and your spouse departed prematurely together) unable to trace the policy you have bought?
If the beneficially is 100% your spouse and your spouse dies together with you, how does your child get immediate fund?
What if the surviving spouse takes all the money and ignore your others that you also love?
All above scenarios are possible and may happen to any one of us, therefore, diligence planning is vital.
1. Put a few beneficially, even 10% for parents also good enough.
2. Store all policies together
3. Summarize the policies you have bought ..... easy to refer and review in time to come.
4. Put down contact numbers - ask the agent's superior name and contact too, just in case he/she left the industry prematurely.
3 Types of Value Investing
1 day ago


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Johannesburg, South Africa, 1-5 March 2004
FOLLOW-UP TO THE WORLD FOOD SUMMIT AND The World Food Summit : five years later: REGIONAL DIMENSIONS
II. Comparative Performance of Regions Towards The Attainment OF WFS Goal
1. This document provides a summary of the salient follow-up actions taken at the regional and sub-regional levels to implement the World Food Summit Plan of Action. By the time of the next Regional Conference, in 2006, all countries should be half way to achieving the WFS goal of halving the number of undernourished people by 2015. Therefore the Regional Conference in 2004 presents an excellent opportunity for collective reflection on the progress achieved to date. The main aim of this document is to highlight the region's particular needs, opportunities and weaknesses. This review is being conducted to affirm, inform, motivate, consult and seek advice on the successes and barriers of all the existing programmes aimed at reducing hunger.
2. The existence of hunger in a world of plenty is not just a moral outrage; it is also short-sighted from an economic viewpoint: hungry people make poor workers, they are bad learners (if they go to school at all), they are prone to sickness and they die young. Hunger is also transmitted across generations, as underfed mothers give birth to underweight children whose potential for mental and physical activity is impaired. The productivity of individuals and the growth of entire nations are severely compromised by widespread hunger. Hence, it is in the self-interest of every country to eradicate hunger.
3. Rapid progress in reducing the incidence of chronic hunger in developing countries is possible if political will is mobilized. A twin-track approach is required, combining the promotion of quick-response agricultural growth, led by small farmers, with targeted programmes to ensure that hungry people who have neither the capacity to produce their own food nor the means to buy it can have access to adequate supplies. Such approaches are mutually reinforcing. Programmes to enhance direct and immediate access to food offer new outlets for expanded production, while increasing the productive potential of those who suffer from hunger.
4. Worldwide, the latest estimates indicate that 798 million people were undernourished in 1999-2001 in the developing world, representing a decrease of just 19 million since 1990-92, the benchmark period used at the WFS. Thus, the average annual decrease since the Summit has been only 2.1 million, far below the level required to reach the WFS goal. It means that progress would now have to be accelerated to 26 million per year, almost 12 times the current rate of reduction, in order to reach that goal.
5. However, there are few countries which achieved progress in reducing the number of undernourished people. China alone achieved a reduction of 58 million since 1990-92. Indonesia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Brazil, Ghana and Peru have all achieved reductions of more than 3 million, helping to offset an increase of 75 million in 57 countries where progress has stalled. But if China and these six countries are set aside, the number of undernourished people in the rest of the developing world has increased by over 60 million since the WFS benchmark period.
6. Food consumption1, in terms of kcal/person/day, is the key variable used for measuring and evaluating the evolution of the world food situation. The world has made significant progress in raising food consumption per person. The levels of average national food consumption per person is likely to increase from 2680 kcal in 1997/99 to 2850 kcal in 2015 and close to 3000 kcal by 2030. This implies that the proportion of the population undernourished in the developing countries as a whole could decline from the 776 million in 1997/99 to 610 million in 2015 and to 440 million in 2030.
Per capita food consumption (kcal/person/day)
© FAO, World Agriculture: towards 2015/2030, p.30
7. The latest United Nations assessment of world population prospects indicates that the world population of 5.9 billion of the three-year average 1997/99 is likely to increase to 7.2 billion in 2015, and 8.3 billion in 2030. However, this increase in absolute numbers is a decrease in growth rate of world population; it peaked in the second half of the 1960s at 2.04 percent p.a. and had fallen to 1.35 percent p.a. by the second half of the 1990s. Further deceleration will bring it down to 1.1 percent in 2010-15, and to 0.8 percent in 2025-30. Practically all the increases of circa 70 million people on average till 2015 will be in the developing countries.
8. The slow pace of progress in reducing the absolute numbers undernourished notwithstanding, the considerable overall improvement implied by the projected numbers should not be downplayed. More and more people will be living in countries with medium to high levels of per capita food consumption. For example, by 2015, 81 percent of the world population will be living in countries with values of this variable exceeding 2700 kcal/person/day, up from 61 percent at present and 33 percent in the mid-1970s. Those living in countries with over 3000 kcal will be 48 percent of the world population in 2015 and 53 percent in 2030, up from 42 percent at present.
9. The number of countries with high incidence of undernourishment (over 25 percent of their population) and most in need of international policy interventions will be reduced considerably: from 35 in 1997/99 to 22 in 2015 and to only five in 2030. None of them will be in the most populous class (over 100 million population in 1997/99). They will account for an ever-declining proportion of the undernourished, 72 million out of the 440 million in 2030 (1997/99: 250 million out of the 776 million).
10. There is a strong correlation between economic growth and the reduction of hunger. This effect, of course, does not occur automatically. But it can be seen, that countries without economic growth or even a decline of GDP per capita were not able to reduce the number of the malnourished in their country or even faced a considerable increase. Hence the economic growth rates of several countries that have low food consumption levels and significant incidence of undernourishment are likely to fall short of what would be required for significant poverty reduction till 2015.
11. According to the latest World Bank assessment for the period 2000-15, slow growth in the first five years of the projection period is expected to be followed by faster growth in the subsequent 10 years, 2005-15; on average it is expected to reach 1.9 percent p.a. in terms of per capita GDP. Higher growth rates are foreseen for all regions and country groups (particularly the reversal of declines in the transition economies) with the exception of East Asia.
12. The exogenous economic growth assumptions used here, together with the growth of population, are the major determinants of projected food consumption, hence also of the incidence of undernourishment.
13. What are the most efficient instruments and mechanisms to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG)? The following gives a brief survey of some of the latest initiatives in FAO:
Þ The Anti-Hunger Programme outlines a twin-track approach to reduce the number of hungry people rapidly and sustainably. It is a conceptual approach to hunger reduction which identifies priority areas for national actions for the WFS goal to be met. It advocates access to food and immediate relief to those most desperately in need. The AHP identifies five priority areas for investment and provides a rough estimate of the incremental public resources needed to meet the costs. The AHP suggests key elements of a policy framework that are needed to be in place to maximize the impact of these investments by inducing complementary flows of private investment and enabling the poor and hungry to realize their full development potential.The WFS Declaration explicitly acknowledged the concept of the human right to adequate food. Further work was required to translate this concept into operational guidelines. FAO is currently providing the secretariat for the Intergovernmental Working Group (IGWG) for the elaboration of a set of voluntary guidelines to support the progressive realisation of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security. Once adopted, the guidelines are expected to assist Member Countries in establishing the legal and institutional basis for attaining inclusive food security and lines of accountability for its achievement. The value added by the rights-based approach is that it spells out obligations and responsibilities of all duty bearers. It gives individuals and groups a claim vis-à-vis the State and States acting together to respect, protect and fulfil their adequate access to food. The rights-based approach also allows a more precise assessment of policy measures which are necessary or should be avoided.
Þ The International Alliance against Hunger as an outcome of the WFS: five years later recognizes "the urgent need to reinforce efforts of all concerned partners as an international alliance against hunger, for the fulfilment of the 1996 Summit". The aim of the alliance is first and foremost to facilitate initiatives at local and national levels by which the poor and hungry are enabled to achieve food security on a sustainable basis by mobilizing political will, technical expertise and financial resources.
Þ The Hunger Task Force, as an integral part of the Millennium Project, seeks to devise an implementation plan that will enable all developing countries to reduce the number of hungry and malnourished people by 400 million by 2015. The Task Force will strive to recommend programs that fulfil the following six directives over a three-year time frame:
- Drastically increase food security of farmers in higher-risk environments and remote regions;
- Expand ownership and control of natural assets to poor households and communities;
- Improve agricultural input and product markets and business linkages to benefit the poor;
- Introduce community life cycle nutrition programs;
- Improve famine prevention;
- Integrate hunger reduction strategies into national policies.
14. At the 1996 World Food Summit in Rome, World Leaders made a commitment to achieve food security for all. Towards this end, they pledged to reduce the number of the world's undernourished by half by the year 2015. The Rome Declaration on World Food Security2 and the World Food Summit Plan of Action summarise the conclusions of the WFS, including seven key commitments that would anchor actions towards the attainment of the WFS goal (Annex).
15. The political will to achieve the WFS goal was further re-enforced by the subsequent inclusion of the WFS goal among the Millennium Development Goals. At the 2002 World Food Summit: five years later, world leaders reviewed progress made towards the achievement of the WFS goal. It was acknowledged that progress to date had been rather slow and that there was an urgent need to speed up the pace if the WFS goal was to be reached by 2015. Also recognised was the importance of catering to both the short-term needs of the poor for improved access to food (food safety nets), as well as the longer term development requirements to enable sustainable food security: a Twin Track Approach to reducing chronic hunger. At this Summit, FAO unveiled the Anti-hunger Programme that is intended to sharpen focus on the generic steps that countries would need to take in order to achieve the WFS goal.
16. The Committee on Food Security was mandated to monitor and report on the implementation of the WFS Plan of Action. To this end, they have issued a variety of reports assessing the implementation of various aspects of the Plan3. These reports are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org).
17. This paper assesses progress towards meeting the WFS goal in the Africa region, discusses key challenges, opportunities, and essential measures for expediting progress. It begins with a brief overview of the situation of malnourishment in Africa.
18. Overall, Africa has shown little progress in reducing chronic hunger. In 1998/2000, about 202 million people, more than a quarter of Africa's population, were estimated to be undernourished, the problem being most acute for low-income food-deficit countries that do not produce enough food to cover the needs of their population and do not have the financial means to import the quantities needed to make up the shortfall. Forty-three out of 86 LIFDC are in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this sub-region, the proportion of undernourished was relatively stable, going from 35 percent in 1990/92 to 33 percent in 1998/2000. Notwithstanding this, the absolute number of undernourished increased from 168 million in 1990/92 to 194 million in 1997/99, and at current trends would rise to 205 million by 2015.
19. Significant regional variations exist. As Table 1 below shows, since the early 1990s, the number of undernourished has increased the most in Central Africa, fuelled by the civil conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the number of undernourished tripled. The number and prevalence of undernourished also increased in East and Southern Africa, due to drought and civil strife. These contrast with the progress made in West Africa, especially in Ghana and Nigeria, which each had reduction in undernourished persons exceeding three million. Over the past 30 years, North Africa has made the most progress. FAO estimates that for this sub-region, the prevalence of under-nourishment in 1998/2000 was 4 percent, having fallen from 27 percent in 1969/71 and 8 percent in 1979/81.
20. On a per country basis, during the 1990s, 10 African countries reduced the number of undernourished. However, at the end of the 1990s, 30 countries still had more than one-fifth of their population undernourished, in 18 of these the number of chronically hungry exceeding 35 percent of the population.
Table 1: Sub-regional Prevalence of Undernourishment in Africa
Proportion of undernourished in total population
|North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
Southern Africa
West Africa
Source: FAO
21. The performance in Sub-Saharan Africa contrasts with that of other developing regions of the world where both the absolute number and the proportion of undernourished in the population have declined. Food consumption trends demonstrate this: per capita food consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to increase by only 7 percent in the next 15 years to 2360 kcal/person per day, compared to 2700 kcal/person per day for South Asia and 3060 kcal/person per day for East Asia, and projections for the level of poverty (on the basis of less than US$1 per day) tell a similar story. (Table 2)
Table 2: Food and Hunger Indicators by Region
Sub-Saharan Africa
Near East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Developing Countries
Per capita food consumption (kcal/person/day)
Millions of persons undernourished
Millions of Persons in Poverty (US$1/day)
Source: FAO and World Bank
22. Clearly, levels of undernourishment in Africa remain unacceptably high, making hunger a significant and persistent threat to the overall economic and social development of the continent. Also, at the current pace, the WFS goal would not be reached in Africa by 2015. There is thus a dire need to significantly accelerate the pace at which hunger is reduced on the continent.
23. A host of challenges must be overcome if the WFS goal is to be achieved in Africa. Some of the key constraints which hinder progress in reducing chronic hunger in Africa are:
24. A key requirement for sustainably reducing hunger is an enabling political, social and economic environment. This, African and other world leaders pledged to promote at the WFS in 1996. However, during the past decade, there have been numerous conflicts in Africa which have contributed significantly to Africa's worsening food insecurity and poverty. Not only have these generated food emergencies for the displaced and others, but they have also caused undue destruction to infrastructure and other assets, eroding long term development gains. Governance and conflict prevention remain priority areas in the fight against hunger in Africa.
25. Since 2000, new conflicts have erupted in parts of Ivory Coast, Liberia and Nigeria, and today, the continent is still host to armed conflicts in several countries, including, Burundi, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, the Republic of Congo, and the Casamance region of Senegal despite bilateral, multi-lateral and regional efforts to resolve them.
26. Happily, some of Africa's worst conflicts in terms of their human and economic toll have subsided in recent years and months. Notable areas of progress include the cessation of hostilities in Sierra Leone; the signing of the ceasefire by Ethiopia and Eritrea in June 2000; the improved security situation in Angola; and the signing of the Peace accord and establishment of a shared government between warring factions in the conflict of the Democratic Republic of Congo, even though peace and security have yet to be established in all parts of that country.
27. Also encouraging is the wave of elections in various countries across the continent in recent years indicating signs of strengthened democratic processes, even if not all were free from controversy. Examples of countries where national elections were held include Senegal, Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Zambia.
28. Recognising that restoring stability, peace and security on the African continent is essential for poverty reduction and sustainable development, African leaders pledged once again, in the 2001 NEPAD Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance, to seek speedy and peaceful solutions to resolving conflicts. They also made a commitment to build Africa's capacity to prevent, manage and resolve conflicts. In their pledge, AU Leaders and Heads of Government resolved to do more to protect the most vulnerable during conflicts, i.e. women, children, ethnic minorities and the handicapped. Furthermore, in an innovative move, Leaders agreed to a voluntary African Peer Review Mechanism which aims to promote adherence to and fulfilment of the commitments of the Declaration.
Natural Disasters
29. Natural Disasters: Like conflicts and wars, natural disasters such as droughts, floods, locust swarms and livestock plagues have also escalated food insecurity in Africa in recent years. In 2002/2003, the severe and prolonged drought of East and Southern Africa devastated crops and livestock and left millions of people in desperate need of food assistance. Likewise, unprecedented floods struck Mozambique in 2000; cyclones and tropical storms caused flooding in Madagascar, leaving in their wake the destruction of crops, livestock, infrastructure as well as human life. Relatedly, the high dependence on rain-fed crops coupled with erratic rainfall patterns has always been one of the main causes of food insecurity in large parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. The extent to which dry prevailing weather conditions affect crops largely varies from one year to another and from agro-ecological zone to another.
30. Natural disasters and civil strife take a heavy toll, whether measured in human fatalities and suffering or in economic losses. Both conflict and natural disasters result in food-related emergencies for which African countries normally depend on the international community for assistance. FAO, together with other development partners, assists member countries in meeting these emergencies when they arise. Currently, FAO has emergency programmes in a number of African countries through its Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division which responds to requests from countries following exceptional natural or man-made calamities.
31. FAO actively participates in the drafting of the inter-agency consolidated appeals that are formulated in the case of major or protracted emergencies. However, in some cases, the international community has been slow in responding to appeals for emergency food and other supplies. Recent examples include those in Ethiopia and Southern Africa. Such a slow response compromises the effectiveness of an early warning system in averting, or significantly reducing human suffering following a natural disaster. These incidences have served to highlight the need to further strengthen linkages between data collection, analysis and dissemination with emergency resource allocations. There is also renewed focus on the need to introduce more flexible sourcing arrangements for food and other emergency supplies.
32. HIV/AIDS looms over the continent as a key development challenge, negatively impacting upon the social and economic lives of millions of people, especially in East and Southern Africa where some of the highest infection rates are found, but also in some West and Central African countries. FAO is working with some member countries to address those issues of the HIV/AIDS pandemic related to nutrition and agriculture. Among others, FAO will continue to act to increase awareness of the food security and nutrition dimensions of the epidemic and to link efforts to mitigate its effects and stop its transmission. Priority activities include improving nutrition and promoting household food security, including through better communication, training and improved planning and programming at national, district and community levels. Examples of specific agriculture responses, include the promotion of indigenous food crops which are rich in nutrients and less labour intensive for HIV/AIDS affected communities.
33. African countries have put in place numerous programmes to raise awareness and educate the population about various aspects of the disease. Recently, in some countries, drugs are also being provided to some HIV/AIDS infected patients, although these drugs still remain prohibitively expensive for the vast majority of sufferers. While recent international initiatives (at the WHO, WTO, the World Bank and US Government) are expected to increase access and resources for the provision of more affordable drugs, still only a small percentage (<5%) of infected populations will receive medications. It is therefore essential that greater attention be given to improving the nutrition of HIV infected individuals as this, coupled with some palliative measures to ease discomfort, will be the only treatment available to most PLWHA. Good nutrition can slow the progression of the HIV and help fight secondary infections. Well nourished HIV-positive individuals are healthier, more active, more comfortable and more productive than poorly nourished individuals. It is also important to focus on the nutrition and food security of HIV-affected households to ensure both near and long term needs can be met.
34. Although the HIV/AIDS pandemic seems almost overwhelming in some countries, experiences of countries, such as Uganda have shown that with aggressive programmes of awareness-raising and education, it is possible to reverse infection rates. These programmes need to be combined with those that address the social and economic needs of those who are already infected, as well as their families, including AIDS orphans.
35. The WFS Action Plan recognised the need for appropriate and adequate macro and sectoral policy frameworks to guide hunger eradication programmes. African and other leaders pledge to establish and strengthen these.
National Strategies for Agricultural and Rural Development
36. National Strategies for Agricultural and Rural Development: As a follow-up to the WFS, FAO prepared draft strategy papers for national agricultural development for its developing member countries, and those with economies in transition. The strategies sought to assist member countries to complement existing national strategies focusing on the attainment of the WFS goals at the national level. Most countries in Africa subsequently endorsed these strategy papers and, with support from FAO, also held one-day national workshops to review the strategies, assess the situation of food insecurity in the country, and further define actions required for the achievement of the WFS goal. The following were identified as the major constraints to the implementation of the WFS Plan of Action in the Africa region:
37. Subsequent to the WFS:fyl, FAO is once again supporting the updating of the national strategies for agricultural development. The revised strategies are expected to reflect the renewed focus on a twin-track approach towards eradicating hunger. It is anticipated that the draft strategies will be ready by December 2003. These would then contribute to country-led processes for reducing undernourishment.
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
38. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) are another set of significant policy frameworks being elaborated in most African countries which are in the IDA World Bank classification. They have become the cornerstone of development efforts in many African countries. Increasingly, they are also becoming the principle focus of international development assistance to developing countries. PRSPs place a heavy focus on social sectors (education and health) as well as economic sectors, of which the agricultural sector is key in most African countries. FAO is providing assistance to enable data collection and analysis, thus facilitating the incorporation of agricultural and rural focused strategies into the PRSPs of some member countries.
Gender Equality
39. Gender Equality is a priority area. Following the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, most African countries strengthened or established policy and institutional frameworks for the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action. A key objective of this was to mainstream gender in national and international policies and programmes. FAO has been providing assistance in this regard, including technical assistance for the formulation of policy and strategies (e.g. that prepared in Ghana); training of development planners in gender analysis, developing of training materials data re-tabulation.
Special Programme for Food Security
40. In addition to policy level initiative, African countries have been implementing numerous programmes and projects for improving food security. One of these is the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) which was introduced by FAO in an effort to enable the testing and transfer of low cost technologies to rapidly improve the productivity and incomes of small-scale farmers on an economically and environmentally sustainable basis. Special attention is paid to reducing year-to-year variability in food production, with priority being placed on Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDCs). The SPFS is currently assisting national efforts in 42 countries. Some 26 African countries also benefit from South-South Cooperation (SSC) assistance, for which agreements have been signed with several countries in Asia, i.e. Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Pakistan and Vietnam. So far, most of the SPFS activities have been pilot projects with limited scope. In most cases, the main challenge is now to move from the pilot phase to the expansion phase.
Food Quality and Safety
41. Growing attention is being placed on food quality and safety, essential considerations in food security programmes in Africa, as well as in the multi-lateral trade negotiations where, during the current Doha Round of WTO negotiations, food and agriculture are featured prominently. African countries, with the assistance of FAO and other Agencies, notably the WHO, are undertaking activities that will enable the establishment and strengthening of reliable national food quality control systems, and also enable their more effective participation in international efforts to establish an integrated international food safety system to facilitate trade. These activities include the following:
42. However, notwithstanding these and other related activities to improve food safety on the continent, much remains to be done. Priority actions are required to:
further build capacity and raise the awareness of all stakeholders (including producers, processors, marketers and traders, policy makers and regulators) about the importance of food quality issues in nutrition and international trade;
International Trade
43. There has been some progress on the political level in promoting agricultural trade in Africa. Notably, in 2001, African leaders once again acknowledged the catalytic role that trade can play in spearheading agricultural and overall economic development, by including the strengthening of infrastructure and capacities for trade among the key pillars of the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) of NEPAD. Since its inception, CAADP has become a focus for renewed energy to stimulate local and foreign investments in African agriculture.
44. The regional economic communities and organisations are the operational units out of which the CAADP is to be implemented, reflecting the continent's growing impetus towards integration, although operationally, a myriad of challenges abound. Within CAADP are embedded Regional Programmes for Food Security (RPFS), thus promoting coherence of national and sub-regional efforts for food security, including those related to trade such as the development of harmonised policies and measures for agricultural trade; reduction of technical barriers to trade; the promotion, reduction and harmonisation of tariffs; and adoption of international Codex Alimentarius norms and standards.
45. Other recent significant policy development for agricultural trade in Africa include the African Union's First Ordinary Session of the Ministerial Sub-committee and the Specialised Technical Committee on Trade which took place in Grand Baie, Mauritius in June 2003. The meeting's Agenda reflected key concerns of the African Union with regard to trade, including that in agricultural products. At this meeting, Ministers of Trade adopted common positions on the Doha Round of Trade Negotiations, and expressed concern about various missed deadlines, including those related to modalities in the negotiations on agriculture. Among other things, the Ministerial meeting and the preparatory Meeting of Senior Officials also considered the establishment of an African Common Market for Agricultural Products based on a technical document which FAO had prepared at the request of AU.
46. Key developments of significance to Africa have also taken place in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since the WFS. Key among these was the Fourth World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar 2001, which launched a new round of multi-lateral trade negotiations. The resumption of talks on agriculture and services had preceded the Doha meetings. The success of the Doha Conference contrasts sharply with the failed Ministerial meeting of Seattle in 1999 and more recently in Cancun, Mexico in September 2003. Both of these meetings highlighted sharp differences among WTO members regarding their priorities for the multilateral trade agenda, and for agricultural trade reforms pertaining to market access, export competition, domestic support, as well as the Cotton Initiative proposed by West and Central African countries.
47. Since the launch of the Doha Round, FAO has intensified its trade-related capacity building programme in order to assist member countries, particularly developing countries and countries with economies in transition, to be well informed and so that all can participate effectively as equal partners in the negotiations. This programme is in line with the Plan of Action of the 1996 World Food Summit which commits FAO to assist developing countries on trade issues, and in particular, in preparing for multilateral trade negotiations including in agricultural, fisheries and forestry inter-alia through studies, analysis and training.
48. FAO continues to support the strengthening of national early warning/food security information systems in several African countries through enhancing technical and institutional capacity and promoting better co-ordination amongst partners in the collection, analysis and dissemination of relevant and timely food security information; and this for improved decision-making from targeting of short-term interventions to medium and long term programming. Support is being extended to sub-regional entities such as SADC, CILSS, and ECOWAS. Specific efforts have also been made by FAO to improve early warning and food security information systems in countries subject to complex emergencies.
49. The Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) provides policy-makers and relief agencies throughout the world with the most up-to-date and accurate information available on food production and food security. GIEWS has become a worldwide network which includes 115 governments as well as numerous NGOs and trade, research and media organizations. Among others, the current food supply situation in Sub-Saharan Africa is being assessed on a continuous basis and the most critical food shortages identified (based on food crops monitoring and many other factors).
50. As a follow-up to the World Food Summit, the inter-agency FIVIMS initiative was established to strengthen national and sub-national information systems concerned with the food insecurity and poverty/vulnerability of specific population groups. FAO started to support pilot applications of the FIVIMS initiative in several African countries with the most recent projects having been carried out in less developed ACP countries (Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar) and small island developing states (the Comoro Islands and Cape Verde). The last annual meeting of the IAWG on FIVIMS was held in October 2003 in Kenya. Overall, the development of FIVIMS principles and methods in Africa still requires substantial investment in order to become more useful tools in the fight against hunger, as does the strengthening of integrated agricultural statistical systems.
51. Due to a number of reasons, the link between early warning/food security information systems and appropriate/timely interventions has sometimes proven to be difficult to maintain. Some difficulties include emergency relief operations not fully meeting food aid requirements, pipeline constraints leading to disruptions in food distributions, national food security stocks not replenished on time, additional donor contributions needed at a very late stage, civil strife hampering logistic operations/relief programmes, alternatives to food aid assistance difficult to implement.
52. Despite the modest gains made through the above and other actions to reduce hunger in Africa, African leaders recognise that a much more concerted effort is required to support agricultural development in Africa, if the sector is to fully play its role in providing food and spearheading Africa's economic development. To this end, in the context of NEPAD, they have adopted the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) to guide investments and actions for the sector's development. CAADP has three priority areas of focus for investments:
Extending the area under sustainable land management and reliable water control systems, paying particular attention to increasing the area under irrigation and improving land management on the same area;
53. CAADP has set specific goals to be accomplished with regard to each of these by the year 2015. Recognising the daunting tasks envisioned to reach these goals, African leaders pledged at the Maputo summit to increase their national budgetary allocations to the agricultural sector, with a goal of reaching a minimum of 10 percent of their budgets within five years. They have requested their development partners, including FAO, to provide technical and financial assistance for the implementation of CAADP and NEPAD in general. In this regard, FAO will, among other things, continue to provide assistance towards the implementation of the SPFS and RPFS, both of which address directly the three CAADP pillars. Following the Maputo Summit of September 2003, FAO is also providing assistance to African member countries for the identification and formulation of bankable investment projects to meet CAADP goals.
54. To further sharpen focus on achieving food security, and, at the minimum, meeting the WFS goals in Africa and elsewhere, FAO will continue to work with member countries in making operational the decisions made at the WFS and WFS:fyl. Careful analysis and deliberations in these and other forums have suggested mechanisms for attaining the WFS goals. The Anti-Hunger Programme concept, the Right to Adequate Food concept and the International Alliance against Hunger have emerged out of that collective thinking. FAO and other development partners will support African countries in making operational these concepts in concert with national and regional initiatives, especially CAADP/NEPAD.
1 The more correct term for this variable would be "national average apparent food consumption", since the data come from the national food balance sheets rather than from consumption surveys.
2 http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W3613E/W3613E00.HTM
3 Reports available on the FAO website: www.fao.org


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Restricting Your IP From Your Google Analytics
How many hits do you have? How many unique visitors do you have? Stats, stats, stats. First place you will likely turn when you are asked any of these questions is google analytics.
Google analytics is a fantastic tool. You can find out how much traffic came to your site, from where and on what page they landed on, left on and how they found your site. Infact you can completely lose yourself on Google Analytics. But did you know you may be accidentally skewing your results with your own visits? You might think this is negligible, but it could be more than you think.
Think about it…How often to you check the layout of your site on different browsers, or click into your site to tweet a link to a post? It all adds up. Ok, so your hits and visits are inflated (yippee?), but don't kid yourself, your behaviour will be affecting your other stats, such as bounce rate, average time on site etc.
Step 1: First thing you'll want to do is note down the IP addresses of all the devices you use to access your blog (Laptop, phone, tablet, perhaps a work PC). If you are unsure how to find this, simple google 'What's my IP address' and ta da!
Step 2: Login into your Google Analytics account and click on the Admin tab (top right).
Step 3: Click onto 'All Filters' on the left hand side and then click on '+ NEW FILTER'.
Step 4: Give your filter a name (i.e home laptop, tablet etc) – Pre-defined filter – Exclude (select 'traffic from the IP addresses') that are equal to – Enter your IP address – Select 'All web site data' and 'Add' it to selected views. Then click save.
It's as simple as that! You can repeat this process for each device.


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Cable stocks are down again today, which suggests that a lot of investors remain anxious about President Obama's recommendation yesterday for the FCC to enact tough net neutrality rules — including a reclassification of the Internet so it can be regulated as a phone-like utility. But several Wall Street analysts say not to worry: the proposed changes would have less impact on cable and phone companies than they and others who oppose the president claim.
A ban on blocking or throttling certain content providers, and providing greater transparency about pricing and practices — three of the president's four specific recommendations — "would have essentially no impact on the outlook for broadband revenue growth," Morgan Stanley's Benjamin Swinburne says. And the fourth proposal, to outlaw paid prioritization – offering so-called "fast lanes" to favored sites – would be a nonevent. They "do not exist today" and investors "have effectively zero future revenue expectations."
He and Bernstein Research's Paul de Sa say the FCC probably won't try to set broadband prices. Obama urged regulators to explicitly "forebear" price regulation. That makes sense since the FCC "does not regulate any meaningful retail services today and so does not have the institutional capabilities to do so," de Sa says. That's why "the downturn in cable stocks based on mistaken assumption that [reclassification] is synonymous with price regulation likely represents a buying opportunity" for investors.
Wunderlich Securities' Matthew Harrigan specifically believes that Wall Street over-penalized Comcast, Time Warner Cable, and Charter. Investors feared that the administration's tough talk about net neutrality might lead Comcast to walk away from its $45 billion planned acquisition of TWC, and tack-on agreement to sell and swap systems with Charter. Yesterday Comcast was down 4.0% while TWC dropped 4.9% and Charter slipped 6.2%.
Harrigan isn't worried, though: The transactions' financial terms are so attractive that "the companies have major incentive to work with Washington." In the meantime, he expects FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler to "resist implementing an ex cathedra approach dictated by the Administration" – especially since Verizon and others have said that they would ask the courts to overturn a reclassification of the Internet. Wheeler might be able to sidestep this by applying the net neutrality mandates to Comcast, as a condition for approving the TWC deal, which could then "constitute a de facto standard for the broader cable industry."
Wells Fargo Securities' Marci Ryvicker also continues to "view broadband as a significant growth driver in an increasingly OTT [over-the-top] world" even if the FCC reclassified the Internet. But she warns that the Street should expect a bumpy ride. Regulators probably will wait at least until February to decide whether to reclassify, she says. If the FCC sides with the president, then opponents would go to court in March or April. "In this case the appellate decision could come as early as late 2015, but more likely in early 2016 – with an ultimate Supreme Court decision (if we get that far) potentially in 2016-17," she says.
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