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A new yak for the herd: BeeKeeper
Testing is a skill that is a vital part of every programmers training. Learning how to write good tests helps you write more robust code, and ensures that when you've written code that works, it keeps working long into the future. It can also help you write better code in the first place. It turns out that well architected code, with high cohesion and low coupling, is also easy to test - so writing code that is easy to test will almost always result in better overall code quality.
An important step in "levelling up" your testing experience is to start using a Continuous Integration, or CI service. A CI service is a tool that automatically runs your test suite every time someone makes a change - or every time someone proposes a change in the form of a pull request. Using a CI service makes sure that your code always passes your test suite - you can't accidentally slip in a change that breaks a test, because you'll get a big red warning notification.
CI is such an important service that many companies exist solely to provide CI-as-a-service. The BeeWare project has, for various projects, used TravisCI and CircleCI. Both these tools provide free tiers for open source projects, and have generously sponsored BeeWare with capacity upgrades at various times.
However, the BeeWare has had an interesting relationship with commercial CI services. This is for two reasons.
We've been able to speed up the duration of a test run by splitting up the test suite and running parts of the suite in parallel, but that forces us up against the second problem. Commercial CI services usually operate on a subscription model; higher subscriptions providing more simultaneous resources. However, our usage pattern is highly unusual. Most of the year, we get a slow trickle of pull requests that require testing. However, a couple of times a year, we have a large sprint, and we have a flood of contributions over a short period of time. At PyCon US, we have had groups of 40 people submitting patches - and they all need their submissions tested by CI. And time is a factor - the sprints only last a couple of days, so a fast turnaround on testing is essential.
If we were to subscribe to the top tier subscription levels of CircleCi and TravisCI, we still wouldn't have enough resources to support a sprint - but we'd be massively overresourced for the rest of the year. We'd also have to pay $750 or more a month for this service, which is a budget we can't afford.
So - we had a problem. To run our test suite effectively, we needed massively parallelized resources to run a test suite quickly; and at certain times of the year, we need extremely large numbers of these resources.
We also had other automated tasks that we wanted to perform. We wanted to do code linting (automated checking of code style) before a PR was tested. We wanted to check spelling of documentation. And we wanted these tasks to feed back into GitHub as automated comments and specific code review status markers, informing contributors not just that a problem occurred - but what problem occurred, and where in their code.
We also wanted to manage pipeline builds - there's no point in doing a full test of multiple versions of Python once you've established the tests are failing on one version. And there's no point testing at all if there are code style problems.
We also wanted to do things that weren't just testing. We wanted to check that contributor agreements have been signed. We wanted to automate deployment of websites and documentation.
What we had wasn't just a CI problem. It was a problem where we wanted to automatically run arbitrary code, in a safe way, in response to a GitHub event.
I've been trying to find a CI service that can meet our needs for over a year. But over the last year, a few thoughts started to congeal in my head.
- Amazon provides a API (EC2) that allows you to spool up machines of varying complexity (up to 64 CPUs, with almost 500GB of RAM), and pay by the minute for that usage.
- Docker provides the tools for configuring, launching, and running code in an isolated fashion
- Amazon also provides an API (ECS) to control the execution of Docker containers.
There's nothing specific about AWS EC2 or ECS either - you could just as easily use Linode and Kubernetes, or Docker Swarm, or Microsoft Azure... you just need to have the ability to easily spool up machines and run a Docker container. After all: a test suite is just a Docker container that runs a script that starts your test suite. A linting check is a Docker container that runs a script that lints your code. A contributor agreement check is a Docker container that checks the metadata associated with a pull request.
All you need then is a website that can receive GitHub event notifications, and start Docker containers in response.
At the start of July, I found myself between jobs, and uttered the fateful question "How hard could it be?" And so, today, I'm announcing BeeKeeper - BeeWare's own CI service.
BeeKeeper deploys as a Heroku website, written using Django. After configuring it with Github and AWS credentials, it listens for Github webhooks. When a Pull Request or Push is detected, BeeKeeper creates a build request; that build request inspects the code in the repository looking for a beekeeper.yml configuration file. That configuration file describes the pipeline of tasks that will be performed, and for each task, the type of machine that should be used, any environment variables that are required, and the Docker image that will be used.
BeeKeeper also allows the site admin to describe what resources will be used to satisfy builds. A task can say it needs a "High CPU" instance; but the BeeKeeper instance can determine what "High CPU" means - is it 4 CPUs or 32? When those machines are spooled up, how long will they be allowed to sit idle before being shut down again? How many machines should be sitting in the pool permanently? And what is the upper limit on machines that will be started?
A companion tool to BeeKeeper is Waggle. Waggle is a tool that prepares a local definition of a task so it can be used by BeeKeeper - it compiles the Docker image, and uploads it into ECS so that it can be referenced by tasks. (It's called "Waggle" because when worker bees discover a good source of nectar, they return to the hive and do a waggle dance that tells other bees how to find that source).
We've also provided a repository called Comb (named after honey comb, the place bees store all the nectar they find) that defines the task configurations that a BeeKeeper instance can use. We've provided some simple definitions as part of the base Comb repository; each BeeKeeper deployment should have one of these repositories of it's own.
There's still a lot of work to do, but we're already using BeeKeeper to Batavia and VOC, and the upcoming PyCon AU sprints will be our first outing under high-load conditions. Some back-of-envelope calculations predict that for around $50, we'll be able to provide enough CPU resources for each test run to complete running in 10 minutes or less, supporting a sprint of dozens of people.
Although BeeKeeper was written to meet the needs of the BeeWare project, it's an open source tool available for anyone to use. If you'd like to take BeeKeeper for a spin, come along to the sprints, or check out the code on GitHub.
BeeKeeper is also an example of the sort of product you'd see more of if BeeWare development was funded full time. I was able to build BeeKeeper because I had a spare couple of weeks between jobs. There is no end to the tools and libraries like BeeKeeper and Waggle that could be built to support the software development process - all that is missing is the resources needed to develop those tools. If you'd like to see more tools like BeeKeeper in the world, please consider joining the BeeWare project as a financial member. Every little bit helps, and if we can reach a critical mass of supporters, I'll be able to start working on BeeWare full time.
A request for your help
Around 4 years ago, I made the first commit to Cricket - the first tool that would eventually become part of the BeeWare suite. Since then, the BeeWare project has grown to encompass support for mobile platforms, two alternate Python implementations, and a cross platform widget set - as well as the developer tools that started the project originally.
For most of this time, BeeWare has been a volunteer effort. Initially, it was a solo project; however, over the last year in particular, the number of people who have contributed to BeeWare has grown rapidly. Over 300 people have now made contributions to the various BeeWare tools and libraries - due, at least in part, to the Challenge Coins we've been offering at sprints.
Of particular note is the team of 7 people who have joined the project as apiarists, helping share the load of project maintainence. I can't thank these people enough - without their assistance, I wouldn't have made anywhere near as much progress over the last year.
You may have noticed that over the last few months, progress has been especially rapid. This is because, for the last six months, BeeWare development has been partially funded by very accomodating employers at Jambon Software. My contract with Jambon allowed me to spend significant periods of time being paid to work on BeeWare - and, not surprisingly, it was possible to make enormous progress as a result. The last 6 months has seen:
- Extensive improvements to Batavia and VOC;
- An Android backend for Toga;
- A Django backend for Toga, enabling Toga apps to be deployed as web apps;
- A Winforms backend for Toga, enabling Toga apps to run on Windows with a modern appearance;
Unfortunately, my contract with Jambon is coming to a close - which means my contributions to BeeWare will go back to being what my spare time allows.
This also means the rate of progress will also slow. There's still plenty to do: there's plenty of the Python standard library to port to Batavia and VOC; Toga needs much wider widget support; Colosseum needs to be extended so it supports the full CSS box model, not just CSS3 Flexbox; and the tools that started it all - Cricket, Bugjar, Duvet, and others - all need to be ported to Toga.
I would like to be able to work on BeeWare full time. However, the simple reality is that unless I can find a way to pay for this work, it will only be able happen in my spare time.
So - this is an appeal to you - the Python community. If you are excited by the prospect of having access to Python on mobile platforms, or you would like to write applications in Python that have completely native user interfaces - I need your help.
For just US$10 a month - you can join the BeeWare project as a member, and help make this dream become a reality. If I can find 1000 people in the Python community who want these these tools and are willing to support their development financially, I can start working on BeeWare full time. Of course, this target is even easier if companies get involved and sponsor at higher tiers.
If I can find more than 1000 people, then even more becomes possible. The obvious option would be to hire other experienced developers to assist with the work. The idea of having others to bounce ideas off during the development process is very appealing. However, we can also use this as an opportunity to do some social good.
For some time, I've had an open offer to mentor anyone who wants to get involved with Open Source contribution using the BeeWare project. However, not many people have been able to seriously take up this offer, because the time required to seriously take up the offer is prohibitive. I'd like to be able to extend my offer to more than just a casual mentoring relationship. I'd like to be able to hire - and pay - one or more junior developers for the BeeWare project, and focus on giving that opportunity to people from underrepresented demographics.
It's still early days for BeeWare. Financial support means faster progress. More widgets. Better documentation. More of everything you've seen so far from BeeWare. If I can find full time funding for myself - or better still, for myself and a small team - then I have no doubt that the BeeWare suite will become a viable alternative for commercial projects in very short order. Best of all, we will be able to do this without having to give up on the ideals of the open source movement.
I'm excited for what the future holds for BeeWare. I hope you'll join me on this journey.
(And if you're contemplating signing up, and you're coming to PyCon US in Portland this May, let me drop a gentle hint… sign up now. It will be worth it #cryptic)
Come sprint with us at PyCon US 2017
The tickets for PyCon US 2017 have been given away. We look forward to seeing everyone who can make it to the conference at Booth 103!
Want to to go @PyCon, can't afford it? @PyBeeWare has 2 tickets to give away. Email email@example.com and tell us why you want to bee there!
— PyBee (@PyBeeWare) January 30, 2017
PyCon US 2017 is running in Portland, Oregon from May 17 - 25, and it's bound to be another amazing conference.
For the second year in a row, the BeeWare team will be on site with a booth in the Exhibit Hall, along with other Open Source projects from the Python world.
With this booth, we get two tickets to the conference. This includes:
- access to the opening reception
- 3 days of conference talks, expo hall / job fair
- breakfasts, breaks, lunches, and
- swag bag
Thing is, both Russell and I have already registered.
So, we want to give you the ticket.
Yes, you.
If you can get yourself to Portland on the conference days, we want to give you our free ticket.
What do we want in return?
Just a little bit of your time.
The Bee Team will be helping to staff our booth, but we'd also like to see (and give!) talks, so helping us out by running the booth would be lovely. (Plus, and I'm sure Russell would agree, just helping out on the booth earns you a coin)
Plus, we'd love for you to stick around for the famous coding Sprints. These are held in the four days after the event, while people are still in town. We get coffee, lunch, and a room full of tables, chairs and copious amount of power points, and we code on projects. We'll be running a BeeWare sprint where we will be mentoring and helping first time contributors earn their shiny challenge coin
Does this sound like something you'd be interested in?
Please, email us!
Tell us about yourself! Who you are, what you do, why you want to go to PyCon and what makes you interested in Python.
We need to allocate our tickets early, so please email us by February 12, 2017
If you have any questions, just ask myself or Russell!
We'd love to see you there! ✨
[This article has been cross-posted on glasnt.com/blog]
Money, Money, Money
At PyCon AU 2015, and again at DjangoCon US 2015, I gave a talk entitled "Money Money Money: Writing software, in a rich (wo)man's world". The talk was a summary of the issues around one of the biggest problems that I see facing the open source community: how to provide the resources that are needed to develop and maintain the software that we, as a community depend upon. This means providing maintenance and support for established projects, large and small; but also providing an ecosystem where new ideas can be incubated, developed and matured until they present compelling alternatives or significant benefits over closed source offerings.
It's been almost 18 months since I first presented this talk, but the issue persists. I haven't been alone in noticing and drawing attention to this issue, either. Nadia Eghbal was commissioned to write a white paper for the Ford Foundation entitled Roads and Bridges highlighting the chronic need for resources to support the basic infrastructure that underpins large parts of the modern economy. Eric Holscher (maintainer of Read the Docs) blogged about the problems he's had raising funds, despite the fact that the service he delivers is a widely used - arguably indispensible - part of the Python ecosystem.
However, despite this attention, it still doesn't get anywhere near as much attention as it should. And it's an issue that is of pressing importance to me, as the BeeWare project is looking for ways to fund the development needed to take us from "interesting technical demo" to "compelling technical solution".
A few months back, it was suggested that I should publish a blog post to accompany the video presentation. I dragged my feet on doing this, until industrious BeeWare contributor and all-around nice guy Elias Dorneles offered to take my speakers notes and convert it into a transcript.
So - here it is. Money Money Money: Writing software, in a rich (wo)man's world. If you've got any questions, disagreements, requests to present this at your conference, or just a generic offer of a bag of cash, you can reach me at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Hi, I'm Russell Keith-Magee, if you've heard of me before, it's probably because of my work on the Django project; I've been a core team member for almost 10 years, and president of the Django Software Foundation since 2011.
One of the big challenges of the Django project - and any big project for that matter - has been to secure certainty in its development future.
My day job is as CTO and co-founder of TradesCloud. We're a Software as a Service for tradespeople -- plumbers, electricians, carpenters and the like. TradesCloud depends on a number of open source projects - Django, Apache, memcache, countless others. So I've got a business interest in the continuity of these open source projects - but I certainly don't have the resources to fund them all myself.
I've also got a declared interest in GUI/UI issues, especially as they relate to development tools. I've got grand visions of what I'd like to do with this project, and I've received some great contributions from the community, but it's still largely my own work. But my startup would be able to make great use of these tools if they were mature.
I've also a maintainer of some smaller projects, like the Python wrapper to the Xero API. I started the project because I had an itch; and my itch has been scratched. But now I've open sourced that project, which means I've inherited a maintenance task. I've accepted help from a couple of people - most notably Matthew Schinkel and Aidan Lister, who have done great work. But if I'm honest, the maintenance burden of PyXero well exceeds the time I can reasonably dedicate to it.
So - I've got vested interests in free software. I've got an interest as a producer of a successful project with a high profile; as the producer of a small project with lots of users but little personal incentive; and as a producer of smaller projects with almost no profile but grand plans. These projects all have different resourcing needs, reflecting their maturity as projects.
I've also got interests as a consumer of free software - both in terms of the software I rely on to develop my own projects, and in terms of my commercial interest in the long term maintenance of tools and platforms. I need these projects to continue to develop, survive and thrive.
Based on my experience, I'd like to make a bold assertion:
Absent of any other constraints, given equivalent resources, the free software approach produces vastly superior engineering outcomes than the closed-source approach.
The catch is the operative clause "given equivalent resources". Most free software projects aren't developed using anything close to "equivalent" resources.
In some cases, this is a blessing in disguise - regardless of the project, having scarce resources is an excellent crucible for burning away the unnecessary to leave only the base metal. But it's not always a blessing.
The moral high road is littered with the corpses of our allies
Talk to any prominent free software developer, and amongst the success stories, you'll also hear some consistent troubles - that they've got great ideas and grand plans, but no time to execute; that they're about to burn out due to the pressues of maintaining their project; or that they've had yet another mailing list discussion with someone who doesn't understand why you didn't drop everything to help them fix their problem. And there are plenty of examples.
OpenSSL is the software that drives pretty much every "secure" connection on the internet - and yet it took until the discovery of Heartbleed - a critical vulnerability that sent the internet into a tailspin - before it could find funding to pay for maintainers.
Another example - GnuPG - Werner Koch almost went bankrupt trying to support GPG - a project that many others depends upon for trust in their release process. He was rescued, at deaths door, by the Linux Foundation's Core Infrastructure initiative.
Those are both examples that ended with funding; but it's not all happy endings.
Take the example of Capistrano. Hugely popular configuration management tool around 2007-8, maintained by Jamis Buck. In 2008, citing burnout and maintenance overhead, he famously withdrew support for Windows, saying "Windows may be the 800 pounds gorilla in the room, but it's not my gorilla, and it's not in my room". This was an incredibly unpopular move; but even with that scale down, Jamis burned out in 2009, abandoning Capistrano, and a number of other projects, without maintainers.
"Hi I'm an engineer at a well-funded company and we need this feature can someone implement it for free?" -- Every FOSS mailing list.— Christophe (@Xof) July 17, 2015
The thing is - that this is a community that has lots of cash. In the grand scheme of things, software development is a well funded industry. If companies can find money for foosball tables and meditative ball pits, they should be able to find resources to help maintain the software on which they've based their success. And if you're on the receiving end of the problem - a developer of free software - that can be really frustrating.
For me, this is the great unanswered question of the free software movement - how to reconcile the discrepancy between the clear demand for a software product, and the ability to convert that demand into the time and resources needed to service that demand.
Free software: Dream vs Realty
Although the theory says that anyone can contribute to a free software project, in reality, every single project of any significance has leaders. At the most basic level, it's whoever has the commit bit. And you need that leadership, especially when anything to do with design is involved. The running gag is that a camel is a horse designed by committee. The worst APIs we deal with on a daily basis are the ones that were designed by committee. You need someone with taste running the show.
But there's a bigger problem - there's the extent of the engagement that users have with a project. Here's a though experiment to prove my point. We're in a room full of Python users. Django is a free software project.
- Who in this room has found a bug in Django, or has a niggling thing they'd like to see fixed Django API?
- Who has turn that niggle into a bug report to Django?
- Who has submitted a patch to Django for that niggle?
- Of those, who have had that patch committed?
When this is done in front of a live audience, at each question, there are less people raising their hands
Products vs Projects
So what's going on here? Well, it reflects 2 different ways of looking at a piece of software - Projects and Products. And it's a matter of personal perspective - my project can be your product, and vice versa.
When I view some code as a project, it's a body of code where I'm contributing to a larger goal. I'm willing to spend resources focussing on other people's needs in the hope that their needs will help make the project as a whole better. I'm willing to do this because I get some personal gain, like an enhanced public profile; or if the tool is really close to my work coalface; or where I know I can make a substantive contribution.
But the further I get away from my coalface, and the harder it is to make a contribution, the less inclined I am to even want to contribute to the project. Most of the time, it's a product that I'm using, warts and all. If a product has bugs, I'll work around them, or find an alternative, rather than navigating the contribution process and contributing a patch back upstream.
In the case of a product, the freedoms afforded by Free software are a bit like freedom of speech - it's a freedom I definitely want, it's comforting to know it's there, but I don't spend every day making sure that I fully exploit the extents of those freedoms. There are people who do - protestors, advocates for controversial social positions - and one day, given the right circumstances, I might join in and help them. But most of the time, I just want to be pragmatic, and get on with living.
This dichotomy between the theory and practice is also the reason why comments like "Patches Welcome" get made in Free software mailing lists. On the one hand, it's completely correct. Anyone can contribute, and on most projects patches are welcome. But most people don't look at a new open source project as an opportunity to engage and contribute. Most people just want to use the damn software.
And you can argue it's because people are focussing on the wrong interpretation of "free", and haven't "captured the spirit of free software". Which is 100% true, but utterly counterproductive as a position. Anyone who has done any UX work knows that if users are consistently making a mistake, blaming the user gets you nowhere. You were in charge of what the user experienced, and they made the "error" because of a fundamental cognitive disconnect.
And even if everyone did get the right message - let's be realistic - it wouldn't work anyway. The mythical man month showed us that you don't deliver a project faster or better by throwing more people at it. 9 women can't make a baby in 1 month - a project doesn't just need resources - it needs the right resources, in the right quantities. And ultimately, that means projects finding a way to get the resouces they need to be self sustaining.
So, that means that if we want free software to be maintained, and maintained well, we need to find a way to fund it's maintenance.
Use value vs Sale value
18 years ago, Eric S Raymond published an essay entitled "Cathedral and the Bazaar". This essay catalyzed the start of the open source movement - a redefinition of "free software" to make it clear that the openness, not price, was the important property. What isn't as well remembered is that "Cathedral and the Bazaar" isn't the only essay Raymond wrote at that time. He published 2 other essays shortly after CatB - "Homesteading the Noosphere", about the social organization and motivations behind free software projects, and The Magic Cauldron, about the economics of Free software.
One of the key distinctions that Raymond highlights in that essay is the difference between Use value and Sale value.
The sale value of a product is its value as a salable commodity - literally, what you sell it for.
The use value of a product is its economic value as a tool, as a productivity multiplier. This is how much economic benefit the user will get from the product.
The important the is that the two aren't necessarily connected. In a traditional manufacturing environment, the focus is on sale value, because that's usually linked to the manufacturing cost - the cost of parts and materials.
But most software isn't produced for sale value - it's in house software produced for use value. In the case of free software, the "sale" value for free software is 0. But that doesn't mean there isn't use value, and the catch is to work out how to exploit the use value that exists within an organization as a monetization channel.
So, what are your options?
Well, you can sell merchandise. And while this is relatively easy to do, lets be honest - you're not going to fund a software empire selling t-shirts.
You can get users to pay for documentation. Write a book, get users to pay for it.
Unfortunately, the dirty little secret of the tech writing scene is that nobody gets rich writing tech books. They're incredibly valuable resources for the community, they're great for padding your resume, but not so great as a revenue stream.
One area that does pay well is selling training. Employers are willing to pay big bucks for training courses; if you can put together a 3 day intensive workshop, you can sell it over and over again.
You can productize your offering. The source code remains free, but a simple, easy-to-use installer costs money. This works really great when when what you have is a clearly identifiable product - like an IDE.
One specific model of productization is SaaS - give the code away for free, but pay for the convenience of having someone else administer it for you. Any open source web software is a good example of this - you can install the software on your own servers, but honestly, unless you've got a reason, you use someone elses hosted solution and let them take care of it for you.
But, SaaS is only viable if you can deliver as a service - which means it's really only viable for web. And, as technologies like docker commodify deployment, it's possible that even this revenue stream might evaporate.
So what else can you sell?
You can sell access to the developers. If you're the maintainer of a project, you're in the best position to provide support, or debug complex problems - which means you're in a prime position to sell support and consulting. Honza Král <https://twitter.com/honzakral> from ElasticSearch calls this the "Ghostbusters" business model - "Who you gonna call?"
You can sell access to the software. Trolltech did this with Qt; Riverbank still does with the PyQt bindings. The library itself is GPL - but if you want to use it on a closed source project, you can, for a hefty fee. This has the advantage that it forces commercial interests to pay for what they're using; but it also discourages small scale commercial tinkering - if I'm writing a new tool, and I'm forced to choose between open sourcing my tool or a $1000 price tag, I'll probably choose a different toolkit.
You can also get into the business of providing certifications and guarantees - auditing code to ensure quality or compatibility, providing guarantees about fixing bugs, and certifying that individuals are skilled in the use of the product. This is a big part of RedHat's business model - auditing packages, making sure they all interoperate as expected, ensuring that security updates are available and meet the same standards, and certifying system administrators.
This is a set of products that appeals to the "enterprise" high end of town - and that's is a lucrative end of the market. But those customers also tend to only want these guarantees for certain types of software - broadly speaking, "Boring fuddy-duddy" software. Your operating system, your database - these are pieces of software that need to be rock solid in an enterprise setting. Your debug toolbar - not so much, unless maybe they've being wrapped as part of a suite of tools.
Undermining your value proposition
Another problem with many of these revenue sources is that if you run your project well, a lot of them are ruled out - or at least severely curtailed.
If you make something truly simple to use, you've just removed the need for books and training courses - or, at the very least, moved the ground to "advanced" courses - which are harder to write, and have a smaller audience.
Django saw this first hand - Django's documentation was famously very good from a very early stage, and as a result, it was quite hard to get publishers to take on Django book projects - because the documentation was too good, and was undermining the market for books. It's taken a long time, and mostly self-publishing, to get good Django books available for sale.
If you have a project mailing list, where the community answers questions for free, and it's a healthy, responsive mailing list... why would I pay for support?
If your software is well designed, and modular, and those interfaces are well documented, and I need a modification - why wouldn't I just write the mod myself?
Now, Ok - I'm exaggerating. There are legitimate reasons to pay for support or to bring in a consultant even if the interfaces are clean and well documented. But my point is that the better you do a job as a free software engineer, it becomes harder to make the business case for your revenue stream, because the value proposition becomes less obvious.
And if it isn't directly undermining your value proposition, it can still undermine you indirectly, because the more time you spend earning money, the less you spend doing what the money pays for. Administering a certification program takes time. Writing and delivering training courses takes time. Consulting can be lucrative, but developing a sales pipeline takes time. And if you're consulting, you need to make sure that sales pipeline is full, which means you're going to err on the side of taking on more work than less... which means you've just closed the door on the the time you have available to work on open source.
You also need to be careful that in selling your business case, you don't undermine your main project. If every hard question on the mailing list is answered "We can answer that for a fee", you're going to sound like a shill.
If a project says it needs money to make sure we stay on top of security issues... you have to be really careful how you say it, because the easy interpretation is "well, the project must be insecure, because they're not on top of security now".
A question of scale
There's also a question of scale. Python, Django - these are large projects with large communities. Making a business case for Python or Django isn't too hard. Not trivial, but possible. But is the maintainer of a smaller project - like, say Django Debug Toolbar - are they seriously expected to write and sell a book about Debug Toolbar? Or training and certification in its use?
Smaller projects are no less important to the vitality of the overall Django ecosystem, but those projects aren't afforded the same opportunties for fundraising as larger projects.
It's also important to realize that not all products are afforded all these opportunities for revenue. An IDE can be productized; a developer library probably can't. Different projects will need different mixes of revenue streams.
Do you have to sell something?
Ok - but can we do this without selling anything at all?
"How to make money from open source" is like "How to make money from clean water" or public education or science.— Pieter Hintjens (@hintjens) May 27, 2015
Free software stems from a moral imperative - so can we fund development through altruism and patronage? Well, it's harder, but there's evidence that it can be done.
Crowdfunding and Bug Bounties
One option that has seen a lot of activity recently is crowdfunding. Platforms like Kickstarter and Indiegogo provide a way to a group of people to pitch in and contribute to a goal.
The Django community has a couple of examples of very successful crowdfunding projects, each raising tens of thousands of dollars (Django Migrations, Multiple Template engines, django.contrib.postgres, Django Rest Framework). But - if you survey the people who did these projects, they didn't make money on these projects. The amount of engineering time that went into them well exceeded the money raised.
Another idea that gets floated regularly is the idea of bug bounties - placing a price on specific bugs. This is really just another form of crowdfunding - You want a specific bug fixied or feature added? Contribute money. You really want it - contribute more. And eventually someone will take the bait and fix the bug or implement the feature.
It's an attractive model - but it also has problems - most notably, Who gets paid. Do you pay by lines of code written? That ignores the contribution of reviewers. How much more important than writing code is reviewing code or triaging a bug?
But the biggest problem I see with crowdfunding approaches is that they are in conflict with establishing a working income. If you're hiring yourself out, the shorter the engagement, the higher your hourly rate. This is a hedge against unemployment at the end of the contract. If you're doing a Kickstarter, you're best served by having a small, clearly described, clearly achievable goal. So - a month or two of work.
That means you need to charge your short term rate in order to guarantee long term income. But it's also in your interest to have a low fundraising target, so that the campaign actually tips. If it's too high, it could scare off potential bidders. It also means the community pays a premium for any new feature, which isn't the best use of already scarce community resources.
Grants, Fellowships, Patreon
Ok - so if you want longer term income, you need to look at longer term engagements. That means that you stop looking at funding specific projects, and start looking at funding the person, with grants and fellowship positions.
I'm including Patreon in that list because it's effectively "crowdsourced patronage". You're not paying for a specific thing - it's "keep doing what you're doing" money.
Over the last 10 months, Django has been using this model. We hired a fellow at the end of last year. The fellow - whose name is Tim Graham - is responsible for keeping the project wheels greased.
From a technical perspective, this has been a roaring success. Tim's made great inroads into our ticket backlog, and response times on ticket reviews are lower than they've ever been.
The hard part has been raising the money to pay him.
We did a fundraiser at the start of the year specifically to fund the Fellow; that campaign has raised just over $50k US. That's no small chunk of change - but it's also not a lot when you're talking about a full time employee. We're going to need to do another fundraiser really soon if the Fellowship is going to continue.
Almost everyone agrees it's been money well spent, but converting that into donations has been hard work.
Corporate sponsorship
Another other approach for raising money is to embrace the devil, and go commercial. Commercial interests have the money, so why shouldn't they pay for it? This can be very successful under certain circumstances - but you have to be able to make a business case for the corporate owner.
OpenStack is a great example of this. Why are Rackspace, HP, Redhat, Ubuntu all interested in OpenStack? Because they sell products that benefit from commodifying the hosting environment. By making it cheap and easy to control cloud deployments, they increase the size of the market for cloud hosting, which means more money for their core business - either directly (like Rackspace), or indirectly (like RedHat, because cloud servers still need operating systems).
Node.js is funded by Joyent for similar reasons - Joyent is making a long play that if it's easier to develop web software, more people will write web software, increasing the market for Joyent's services.
However, Node.js is also a cautionary tale about corporate interests - what happens when the community and the corporate sponsor disagree about the direction of the project? Well, you get project splits, like the io.js split. Corporate money can corrupt. You need to be careful that project governance is independent of the funding source.
Having a single corporate master also puts the project the risk if that corporate master loses interest. Django was originally under the wing of the World Company. Eventually, that interest waned, and the corporate support dried up, too.
Venture funding
The other corporate answer that gets floated is to go get venture money. And there are some examples out there of people doing this. Meteor, for example, is funding their development with money from a venture fund. They've got plenty of money to hire engineers, designers - whatever they need.
What makes me nervous about this model? We've been here before. Who here remembers Eazel? For those who don't remember, In the late 90s, Eazel was a dot-com company founded to develop the Nautilus file manager. And, we got 2 years of open source code. And then the bubble burst, and the company went bust. Now, the good thing is that we still have the code. But it would be better to have the code still being actively developed.
Developing a patronage culture
And again, all this discussion is happening in an industry where billion dollar valuations are kicking around.
Large parts of our industry, are built on a foundation of FOSS - but those with the most capacity to contribute, in many cases, aren't contributing.
Some are - there are some companies that do give huge amounts back to open source communities. But there are also a lot of companies that don't give back.
And even those that do give back - many of them give the help they're able to give, which isn't necessarily the help that is needed. The Django Software Foundation regularly receives offers for free or subsidized hosting from hosting providers. And don't get me wrong - that's great, and incredibly useful.
But what we really need is someone on the payroll to review bugs. Earlier on in the lifecycle of Django, we needed people to write new big features. We're in a constant need of graphic designers, artists, tech writers. We need people who know how to do sysadmin, and community outreach. And we don't need 400 people donating 1 hour; we need 10 very specific people donating 40 hours.
When a disaster hits, organizations like the Red Cross call for donations. And they will usually say "please give us money, not tins of food or blankets". The reason? Money can buy what is needed. You can't control what people donate, and even if they do happen to donate exactly what you need, there's a huge logistic task of working out what has been donated, and getting it where it's needed.
FOSS projects are much the same - they require resources. Some companies donate in kind, and that's great, but it's rarely what is needed, and it's easy to get distracted working out what to do with all resources that have been donated, but you don't have an immediate use for.
And sadly, just as with charities - many companies don't donate at all. And I'm not claiming these companies are being deliberately malicious in not funding open source - if anything, we as a community have failed them because we haven't helped them help us.
Most importantly, we don't have a mechanism in place to make it easy to spend money, and easy to receive money. The current state of affairs clearly demonstrates that it's not enough that there is a lot of money in a community - you have to make the mechanism for donating that money as obvious and seamless as possible, and you have to have someone to direct that money towards.
One model community that I think does this really well is the Wordpress community. Wordpress is GPL'd software. There are books, videos, blogs on how to write wordpress plugins and themes - the same as there would be for any open source software community. But criticially, there are also books, videos and blogs on how to make a business writing Wordpress plugins and themes. Wordpress is GPL. And therefore, so are all the plugins. They've got a store where you can buy plugins (and get free ones), and easily install them in your Wordpress instance.
The Wordpress ecosystem has fundamentally embraced the fact that money needs to be part of the equation, and by doing so, they've created an industry that is self-funding - and this, I'd argue, is one big reason for the success of Wordpress as a platform.
A controversial proposal
In that vein, I'd like to make a controversial proposal.
What if PyPI was a revenue stream? What if, when I registered an application with PyPI, I could specify a price - either per install, or per version, or per-app, or per-month. When I pip install, the cost just gets added to my PyPI account, and I get a monthly charge on my credit card; and that gets passed back to the developer projects.
If PyPI stats are to be believed, Django is downloaded from PyPI more than 1 million times per month. If there was a 10c toll on each download, that would raise $100,000 per month - enough to pay for 10 full-time well paid developers, or a metric buttload of diversity, outreach, DjangoGirls, and community support.
You could also leverage PyPi dependency information to pay it forward - if you're writing a project that depends on another, you could opt to pass some of your revenue upstream. Or, request that downstreams provide a tithe.
And then there's the biggest dependencies of all - PyPI and Python itself. If PyPI took a small cut of the revenue raised, that could help pay for the development and maintenance of PyPI - and potentially Python as well.
You could also take some of the money collected and put it into a development pool - so if there's a new project that needs some bootstrapping cash to get started, or an established project that needs some help for a big task (like a Python 3 upgrade), the community as a whole can easily funnel money towards that project.
What about people who don't have money? Well, we can offer free passes. You're at a DjangoGirls event? Use this promo code to get free access.
You can still give away your software at no cost. And it's still free software - you're still delivering Python, so you're still going to get the source. You could probably even make the signing up process completely optional. All we'd be doing is paving the cowpath - making it easy to collect a toll on the easy way to use your software.
I'm not going to say that any of this would be easy to implement. Completely aside from any technical challenge and nailing down details, it's a big philosophical change for the community, and that's a much bigger issue. But this philosophical question about money is a discussion that we, as a community need to have.
What we've got here is a tragedy of the commons. Everyone agrees this software is good. Everyone knows that software needs to be maintained. But why should one individual company take on the economic burden of funding maintenance when their competitors are getting the benefit for free?
Learn from the MPAA and RIAA: Make it easy to do the right thing
For me, the key lesson from the music and movie industry from the last 20 years is that if you make it easy to do the right thing, people will do the right thing. If you make it simple and seamless for a large company to swipe their credit card and get charged $100 a month for using all this open source software that has been developed, they will. Yes, people will cheat. Don't worry about it, as long as cheating isn't easier than doing the right thing.
The biggest reason that this isn't happening right now is that it isn't obvious what the "right" thing is. I could donate to the DSF or PSF... but it's a bit fiddly to organize, and it's not clear where the money goes... I could sign up to a few Patreons, or sign up to a bug bounty program... but not everybody is there, and those that are aren't really earning enough to make a living, and I don't want to just contribute beer money.
So what are we to do? The short answer is "I don't know". There probably isn't going to be a silver bullet. I'd like to think that a monetization channel on PyPI would work, but I'll be the first to admit that it might not be the answer, or there might be problems I haven't forseen.
But I firmly believe this conversation about money is conversation we have to have. Free software as a movement is over 30 years old. Open source is almost 20. We've conquered the technical hurdles. We're even conquered the policy hurdles. Now it's time to tackle how we make this a long term sustainable industry, not just commercial interests exploiting the naïveté of a stream of doe-eyed volunteers.
I'm actually going to take another slightly controversial position, and not take questions at this point, for two reasons - firstly, because this sort of talk is a magnet for "I have a comment, not a question" responses; but also because this isn't a subject where I have the answers.
This is a discussion we need to have as a community - and I'm eager to have that discussion - just not on this stage.
Hello Website
Welcome to the BeeWare project's new website!
The original BeeWare website was written a couple of years ago, when BeeWare was still a highly experimental project. The old website was a single page affair, with individual projects maintaining their own web identity. Over time, the number of contributors has grown, the number of subprojects has grown, and the number of core team members has tripled.
As the BeeWare project grew in complexity, the old website was no longer keeping up with the needs of the project, so the core team took some time out from working on BeeWare itself, and rewrote the site.
The new website uses Lektor, a static site generator tool written by well known Pythonista Armin Ronacher. This allows us to continue hosting the website using Github Pages, but gives us the flexibility to define a light database for the many types of content we need to manage.
Although we're launching the site today, it's not complete. There's still content that needs to be written, and styling that needs to be fixed. However, we think that the new site is better than the old one, and therefore it's not worth delaying the launch any longer.
This also gives you - the BeeWare community - a great opportunity to contribute. If you find something that is missing from the site, or something that you think could be expressed better, or designed better, the entire site is available on GitHub. Fork the repository, make the change you think that is needed, and submit a pull request (against the Lektor branch - not master). All contributions are welcome, and as with all BeeWare contributions, website contributions make the submitter all eligible to receive an exclusive BeeWare Challenge Coin.
We hope you enjoy the new site; if you've got any feedback, let us know with a ticket or on our Discord server.
Tips for Becoming a Core Contributor
At PyCon US 2016, Philip James became a Core Contributor to BeeWare!
He wrote up some of his thoughts about the process in his article Tips for Becoming a Core Contributor.
Katie McLaughlin, who got her commit bit at DjangoCon Europe 2016, followed up with a post of her own, describing her path to becoming a core contributor.
For those who aspire to become contributors to open source projects, it's helpful to hear how others got there.


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Mockumentaries have been around for a long time, since the '60s. The earliest music-themed one I can think of is "A Hard Day's Night" by the Beatles. This is Spinal Tap breathed new life into the genre in the '80s. The movie created a set of memorable scenes and enduring lines of petulant behavior, making it an immediate sensation. A flood of mockumentaries, followed, each seeking to make its own mark on the genre. But few would break away from the formula of success blazed by Spinal Tap. Decades later, in a world filled with found-footage, reality-footage, and YouTube videos, Spinal Tap remains at a pinnacle that other faux attempts still attempt to achieve.
The Home of the Creative Mind
Welcome to PooBahSpiel, the online voice and home of the creative mind of Mark Monlux, Illustrator Extraordinaire. Prepare yourself for an endless regaling of art directly from the hand of this stellar artist. And brace yourself against his mighty wind of pontification. Updates are kinda weekly and show daily sketches, current projects, and other really nifty stuff.
Monday, February 23, 2015
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subset: commoncrawl


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A gift card for our strange stories, witchy tales and magickal items is as good as it gets!
Gift cards are delivered by email and contain instructions to redeem them at checkout. Our gift cards have no additional processing fees. Gift cards are redeemable online, in our storefront and on special orders!


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Toyota City, Japan, December 16, 2012—Lexus announces that the planned production run of 500 vehicles for the two-seat "LFA" sports car has been completed.
The first LFA went into production at the LFA Workshop in December 2010. Since then, the cars were hand-crafted at a pace of one LFA per day. In addition to the LFA with standard specifications, the plant began producing the "LFA Nrburgring Package", with specifications adapted towards circuit racing, from January 2012.
Having been completed at the plant on December 14, the 500th LFA will be delivered to the purchasing customer after undergoing inspection and road testing.
Future Lexus vehicles will reflect the technological skills gained during the development and production of the LFA—in particular manufacturing know-how for carbon fiber reinforced plastic parts—as well as a philosophy of car design for delivering exhilarating and stimulating driving performance.


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Djohn Mema and SlightlyAmiss who present us a delightful Metal instrumental starring epic and magical melodies on the lead guitar, and powerful riffs on the rhythm guitar! Instrumental music often makes for beautiful progressions and it's definitely the case here, with an amazing part taking you by surprise at 2:08! I'm sure Luna would approve and invite these musicians to her all-night music festival!
Luna Music: Djohn Mema & SlightlyAmiss - From Dreams to Nightmares [Metal]
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You may remember last month I posted adjusted numbers for WUWT due to a SPAM attack, dropping my September count by about 50K:
SEPTEMBER NUMBERS Click for full sized image
For September 2008 the total was 846,193 page views, up from 667,215 page views in August 2008.
But there is a caveat, I think the real numbers are just shy of 800,000, because on the weekend of 09/20 and 09/21 I got quite a bit of unexpected traffic to one old post that I'm not sure is real or not. During that time, we got a lot of Spam on that particular older entry comparing UAH, RSS, HadCRUT, and GISS, but not anywhere near the numbers specific to that post, shown below:
Blog Stats Increase due to DOS "something"
Saturday 09/20 23,486
Sunday 09/21 25,319
Monday 09/22 1,006
Total: 49,811
Raw WUWT September numbers: 846,193 page views
WUWT Spam Uncertainty numbers: -49,811 page views (from 09/20 to 09/22)
Final Adjusted WUWT September numbers: 796,382 page views
Today at 5PM (00UTC) I tallied my October numbers, and while they are slightly lower than last month's total, I didn't have any perceptible spam attacks like last month, so I don't need to adjust October's numbers:
OCTOBER NUMBERS Click for larger image
At 826,633 page views for October, that would put me up slightly from last month's adjusted numbers of 796,382, but there was also an extra day involved (September hath 30 days). Since that difference is close to my daily average, we'll just call it "no change" for October.
Of course many of you are either hoping for "change" or "no change" in November. 😉
Thanks again to all of you, and especially those whom have donated recently to help keep this effort going. My UHI test in Reno was funded in part through your donations. Another trip this weekend to retrieve two dataloggers that have been out for 45 days will also be assisted by those same donations. Again my thanks.
Have a wonderful Halloween!- Anthony


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Sometimes God speaks to me in whispers. Sometimes He shouts to get my attention.
But I am not hearing God at all right now. My prayer life has been so dry. Desert dry. I find myself looking for other things to do, just to avoid that dryness. I also find myself making excuses. After all, I have deadlines. I have a heavy schedule.
I find myself avoiding my prayer time. I know God can read my heart. If I sit and try to listen to God, will He bring to my attention something I do not want to know or something I need to change about myself?
Sometimes I fear intimacy. Even intimacy with God. Being open and transparent to others is difficult. It takes trust and I am not good at trusting. And so I resist at times. I don't always mean to resist, but I do. Maybe this is one of those times.
One way I can usually tell when my spiritual life is in the desert is by the number of books I surround myself with. I keep trying to find that one thing that will inspire me.
The other night I saw a book I had on my nightstand (A Little Daily Wisdom, Christian Women Mystics). Thinking I should bring it to Eucharistic Adoration with me, I opened it up to a page with a quote from St. Teresa of Avila. Here is part of it:
"Here's what a friendship with our Dearest companion, our holiest God, is like. In it, intimacy is always possible and can't be stopped, except on our side, for God is always open to us.
So let us close the door on our worldly calendars and deadlines and live instead in the paradise with the God of love… We don't have to be mystics to accomplish this communion. We only need to focus on God with our will. That's all. It is our own choice, and because God loves us, we can do this."
Yes, we can.
We can "focus on God with our will." We can pray even when we don't "feel" like it. We can be immersed in the driest desert of our lives. But if we keep faithful, focus on God, then we are praying.
St. Teresa said that intimacy is always possible. God is always open to us. We just need to open the door and let Him in.
Which is what I finally did. I stopped. I sat still.
And I heard God's whisper.
Copyright 2011 Colleen Spiro
About the Author
Colleen Spiro
Colleen Spiro is a Catholic mother, grandmother and a deacon's wife. A certified spiritual director, Colleen loves to share her faith and encourage others through her retreats and writings. You can read her reflections at her website, Catholic Prayer Life.


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The Kirkuk Foundation was established in 1997 with the sole purpose of creating a constructive enviroment to further the advancement and betterment of the Iraqi Turkmens. The Foundation continuously works to become a beacon for our cause by creating activities and programs that are both sustainable and socially applicable.
The Kirkuk Foundation rigourously upholds an inclusive approach, keeping an equal distance with all segments of society but noentheless always standing on the side of the truth. As such, the Kirkuk Foundation welcomes everyone who believes in the Iraqi Turkmen cause with open arms.
With the regular publication of the KARDASHLIQ Magazaine and a mutlitude of scolarly works in three languages, we welcome everyone in support of our cause and vow to stay on course, never straying away from our principles.
Welcome to everyone.
Ersat Hurmuzlu
President of the Kirkuk Foundation


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Today more than ever before, marketing is the steward for customer journeys. It's an incredible amount of power and creates pressure for marketers to be exceptional. But, in a crowded space it's harder and harder to be exceptional. Marketing in today's world means accepting the challenge to break through the noise.
In order to accept the challenge, and excel in marketing you need to embrace the shift from talking at people to engaging with people -- working to build meaningful, life-ling and personal relationships. In order to build those relationships you have to shift how you think about and how you do your marketing. You need to be innovative.
Download this ebook to learn how other marketers are accepting the challenge to innovate and how they think about, foster and deploy innovation in their organizations.


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Brazil model, Miss BumBum 2015 Suzy Cortez nude sexy topless photos
Model Suzy Cortez has just signed up with Playboy Portugal as their World Cup Muse for next year's event in Russia. She celebrated by treating her fans to a football and bunny-inspired sexy shoot, 08/31/2017.
Miss Bum Bum contest is a Brazilian annual pageant show which aims to find the best derriere in the country. Created by journalist and entrepreneur Cacau Oliver, the competition has 27 contestants who represent the country's different states, and the winner of the pageant receives 50,000 reais (approx. $22,000) in endorsement deals and becomes an instant celebrity in Brazil. The current title holder is Suzy Cortez.


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Archive | December 2011
You are browsing the site archives by date.
Happy New Year!
So, it's 5:00 on New Year's Eve. The last hours of the last day of 2011. And I just can't figure out where the year has gone. There have certainly been points throughout the year that I really felt like 2011 was the absolute longest ever. GI issues, medical tests, therapies, supplements … it often […]


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While there are different types of pets, pet supplies range from these for canines, cats, birds and reptiles. Here are some:
Canine provides: The variability in dog supplies is huge, ranging from beds to meals and medications. Different dog breeds and sizes have completely different perspective, and should take to new things differently. As an illustration, new dogs and puppies are best stored in a crate till it learns the new house rules. Dogs which are difficult to train and are often curious will benefit from having plenty of toys, including plush baby toy, collar bones, rubber horse shoe and flight friends, to keep them busy.
Cat provides: As cats are naturally clean, they're the easiest to keep. The massive varieties in cat toys, which embody cat furnishings and litter boxes, are used to maintain them healthy and happy.
Birds: Caged birds needs to be interacted with typically and may have a number of toys within the cage. As an illustration, perches, swings, towers and ladders are good attachments for exercising.
Reptiles: If in case you have amphibians or reptiles as pets, you will need to hold them in a spot from the place they can't escape, and may enjoy themselves. Nonetheless, preserve them away from crowds, as reptiles are reclusive animals.
Others: If in case you have fish as pets, it's essential to keep the aquarium clean in order that the fish don't die. Fish normally require a temperature of around seventy eight degrees Fahrenheit. You can also set up an aquarium heater to maintain the water temperature and in addition add decorations to beautify it. You probably have reptiles as pets, you can purchase a cage, terrarium, beddings and substrate and only optimal lighting.
The best way to Purchase Pet Provides at Low cost Prices
The easiest way to purchase high quality pet provides affordably is to shop on-line, somewhat than go to a retail store. Listed here are some tricks to buy them:
On-line sites shouldn't have overhead bills, resembling storeentrance building bills, advertising costs and worker expenses. Hence, it leads to financial savings, which are passed on to prospects as low cost prices.
Read product reviews at fashionable sites. For example, if you're trying to purchase toys on your pets, read about other individuals's experiences with these toys and buy those that finest suit your requirements.
As on-line pet supplies stores are usually owned by professionals, in addition they provide free professional suggestions. Besides, pet owners may compare costs, purchase supplies anytime and get client assist round-the-clock.
If you have any sort of concerns relating to where and the best ways to use Pets accessories, you could contact us at our own internet site.…


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The Lions could be welcomed to Australia in 16 months time by one of the biggest stars in the World game.
Western Force are first on the fixture list when Britain and Ireland's elite arrive Down Under in 2013 and the Perth-based franchise have named David Pocock as their new skipper.
Pocock is a near certainty to start for the Wallabies in the three-Test series against the Lions but he has already spoken of his desire to represent his franchise on June 5, four days after the Lions begin their tour against the Barbarians in Hong Kong.
And the decision of new Force head coach Richard Graham to hand his star openside the captain's armband this season means Pocock will have an even stronger case when it comes to persuading Wallaby boss Robbie Deans to let him feature for club and country in 2013.
"I think it's a huge honour to captain a side, particularly one that I've been involved with for quite a while now," said Pocock of his elevation.
"It's a big challenge but exciting at the same time and I'm looking forward to being given the opportunity to further contribute to the team.
"I see being a leader first and foremost as leading by your actions, however I know that there is a lot more to it and that's all part of the learning experience."
Pocock takes over from veteran second row Nathan Sharpe who has been captain of the Force since their inception six years ago.
Sharpe will continue to play for the Force this season but has given his full backing to the promotion of the 23-year-old No7.
"The level of David's performances for the Western Force has been exceptional and I think that will also prove to be the case as he applies himself to the role of captain," added Sharpe.
"I've seen him grow from a talented kid who joined the club straight out of school to become a game-breaking player in both Super Rugby and for the Wallabies.
"David is a remarkable young man and a good friend and will help him in any way that I can now and into the future."
The Force begin their 2012 Super Rugby campaign with a trip to Canberra to face the Brumbies on Friday, February 24.


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Works from the series 'Towards a Gestalt Image – Loch Ness & Fact'
Gerard Byrne
- Art Funded
- 2011
- Dimensions
- 1) 200 x 100 x 90 cm; 2) 67.4 x 57.2 cm; 3) 9 minutes
- Vendor
- Green on Red Gallery
In this series, the Irish artist has been accumulating a large body of documentary 'evidence' on visits to Scotland over the last 10 years. He employs the language and strategies of Conceptual Art to explore the myth of the Loch Ness monster and examines materials relating to sightings and supposed photographic evidence. The gallery have selected 3 works to form a coherent group and a strong representation of this series and Gerard Byrne's practice. 1) photographs mounted in a glass vitrine entitled 'Some gestalt forms surveyed, and organized into primary structures, on dates between 2001 – 2011. Site: Loch Ness, Scotland'; 2) 'Untitled' which is a pair of photos depicting swimmer and path through trees to the loch shore; 3) A short black & white film entitled 'Figures (Some analogies surveyed, and organized into concrete poetry and conceptual film forms, on dates between 2001 - 2011)'. Presented by the Art Fund through Art Fund International.
The artist.


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Judge refuses to delay trial in Trayvon Martin killing
- Tuesday%27s hearing was one of the last before June 10 trial
- George Zimmerman is charged with second-degree murder
- Prosecution and defense attorneys sparred over which evidence should be admitted
SANFORD, Fla. – A judge Tuesday refused to delay the June 10 trial of George Zimmerman, charged with second-degree murder in the February 2012 shooting death of Trayvon Martin.
Circuit Judge Debra Nelson, at a hearing on more than 20 motions ahead of the trial, also ruled that lawyers can't mention Trayvon's school records, past fights, marijuana use, ownership of gold teeth, or any photos or text messages found on the teen's cellphone.
Nelson said she reserves the right to change the ruling during the trial if lawyers open the door to such issues. However, she said that she can't imagine that any of these issues would be relevant.
Tuesday's two-hour hearing was at times heated as Nelson chastised defense attorneys for speaking publicly about her consideration of jury sequestration. The information was supposed to be kept from the public, Nelson said, but Zimmerman's attorneys repeatedly spoke openly about it. "I have not made a court order on whether this jury will be sequestered, " Nelson told Zimmerman's attorney, Mark O'Mara, the frustration obvious in her voice.
The judge also ruled against state prosecutors' third attempt at a gag order, though Assistant State Attorney Bernie de la Rionda argued that media coverage of the case may prejudice potential jurors. "At some point, it factors into the state and defense having a fair trial," he said.
Largely, however, the prosecution's motions were granted. A few of the motions of the defense were denied and at least three were continued to later hearings.
O'Mara argued that he needed more time to prepare for the June 10 trial and that prosecutors had not been forthcoming with evidence. "We are not going to be ready," he told Nelson. Soon after, the judge said the trial would remain scheduled for its original date.
After the hearing, O'Mara said he was pleased with how the hearing went and said he was glad the judge indicated that both sides should deal with the facts surrounding the night of the shooting. "We are ready and looking forward to getting this case tried," he said. "I'm very happy with the judge's rulings."
Benjamin Crump, a lawyer for the Martin family, continued to maintain that Zimmerman's attorneys were trying to sway potential jury members when they released unsavory photos of Trayvon Martin. "Most lawyers knew this evidence was inadmissible," he said of Trayvon's text messages, photos and school record. "We have to not let people get away with polluting the jury."
George Zimmerman was not present at the hearing but his brother, Robert Zimmerman, said after the hearing that his brother is innocent. "I believe the time has come to withdraw the charge of murder in the second degree," he said outside the courtroom. "An innocent man is now faced with an improper charge."
Trayvon Martin's mother, Sybrina Fulton, along with the late teen's grandmother attended the hearing but did not speak to the media.
On Friday, lawyers will be back in court for a hearing on whether the media will be allowed to photograph and videotape potential jurors, and jurors during trial.
At a hearing on June 6 and 7, the judge will deal with a defense motion to sanction prosecutors for discovery violations. Defense attorneys have accused prosecutors of withholding text messages and photos from Trayvon's cellphone. On those days, Nelson will also hear arguments about whether voice identification experts will be allowed to testify at trial.
Meanwhile, on Tuesday, Nelson issued a number of other rulings:
• Witnesses can't mention whether they think Zimmerman's prosecution is politically motivated.
• Any hearsay statements to help Zimmerman is admissible. But a toxicology test showing Trayvon had marijuana in his system the night of his killing is not admissible.
• Granted state motions to prohibit witnesses from offering their opinions about Zimmerman's guilt, the proper punishment he should receive for his actions, and from telling the jury to disregard the law.
• Granted a state motion to compel Zimmerman's wife, Shellie Zimmerman, to testify at a deposition, but Nelson said Shellie can take the Fifth and prosecutors will have to submit their questions in writing to the court and Nelson will decide if Shellie has to answer those specific questions.
• Granted a motion to keep Zimmerman from testifying about his lack of prior felony convictions.
• Granted a defense motion to keep the identities of potential and actual jury members anonymous. Potential jurors will be referred to by numbers. Nelson said other issues will be dealt with once jury selection is underway.
• Denied a defense motion to allow the jury to visit the area in the gated Sanford community where Trayvon was killed. She said taking the jurors there could not logistically happen while keeping their identities secret.
Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch volunteer, is charged with second-degree murder in the Feb. 26, 2012, shooting of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in Sanford. Martin's family argues the young man was racially profiled, pursued and killed. Zimmerman says he shot Trayvon in self-defense after being attacked.
Zimmerman remains free on $1 million bond.


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Last, but certainly not least, of the Independents is Eric Vadarlis, who I am pretty sure I will be getting on well with, since he is best known for his work on the Ruddock vs Vadarlis (Tampa) case. If you don't have time to read that, suffice it to say that he is pro-refugee.
Mr Vadarlis has the slogan #supportpolicies not parties, and his website cycles through a bunch of images, which include the slogan 'leave Medicare alone'.
Here's his sales pitch:
I'm an Independent Candidate for the Senate 2016. Melbourne Lawyer. Dairy Farmer.
Would you prefer a voice in government for greater social justice and human compassion?
If yes, then vote policies not parties come election day on Saturday 2 July 2016.
Not a bad starting point. His three key principles are also good:
- Humane treatment of asylum seeker refugees
- A fair go for the Australian Indigenous population
- Properly fund and encourage education
Mr Vadarlis wants to put refugees back on the agenda.
His priority is to resettle the Christmas Island, Nauru and PNG refugees in Australia. Vadarlis believes the current border protection and the stop the boats policy is a dog whistle.
"Our borders are safe. Coalition and Labor policy has no regard for genuine refugees at all. It's purely designed to attract votes" says Vadarlis.
He also stands for those working in the dairy industry, and is concerned about falling prices.
So far so good.
Mr Vadarlis's policies are, again, two or three lines long and thus difficult to summarise, but are basically nicely progressive and people centred. You already know how he feels about refugees and Medicare, so I won't repeat those policies.
On education, he wants to get rid of HECS and forgive all existing HECS debt, to properly fund education and also to re-establish Technical Schools focusing on 'technology, maths and science, and trade skills'. This is an interesting idea, actually, and deserves thought.
On the environment, he wants immediate action on climate change, including funding and supporting renewable energy, but not nuclear power.
On things financial, he wants better super for everyone, no reduction in tax for people earning over $100,000, and no reduction of company tax. He wants us to invest in long term infrastructure and rail, and also in farmers and primary industry.
He wants us to support returning soldiers, and asks whether we really need to be involved in so many wars. He would like to curtail defense spending, and especially not spend 60bn on submarines.
He wants self-determination and better healthcare and education for the Australian indigenous population.
Corruption exists EVERYWHERE
Establish a Federal Anti-Corruption Commission
I like him.
And that, my friends, is the end of our great carnival of independents! I'm going to take a walk while there is still sunlight, and then return to the final two political parties.


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MONTGOMERY, Ala. — Attorneys for embattled Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore have sued the state Judicial Inquiry Commission (JIC) to challenge the constitutionality of the charges leveled against the "Ten Commandments Judge" and to seek his immediate reinstatement to the bench.
"The charges against Chief Justice Roy Moore must be dismissed. The JIC has no jurisdiction over an administrative order of the chief justice. Only the Alabama Supreme Court has jurisdiction, and that court agreed with the order," Mat Staver, founder and chairman of Liberty Counsel, said in a statement on Friday.
"We are asking the federal court to strike down the automatic removal provision in the Alabama State Constitution and we are asking that Chief Justice Moore be immediately reinstated," he stated.
Staver also said that Liberty Counsel will also assert that the JIC violated the confidentiality rule that requires that details of an investigation be keep confidential until charges are issued.
"In this case, the JIC intentionally leaked the pending charges to the media, which is a serious violation of the JIC rules," he said.
As previously reported, Moore was suspended from the bench earlier this month and now faces possible removal after the homosexual advocacy groups Southern Poverty Law Center, People for the American Way, the Human Rights Campaign, and a drag queen who goes by the name Ambrosia Starling, pressed the JIC to take action against Moore.
The situation began in 2013 when two lesbians in the state sued Gov. Robert Bentley, Attorney General Luther Strange and Mobile County Probate Judge Don Davis—among others—in an attempt to overturn Alabama's marriage amendment after one of the women was denied from adopting the other woman's child.
In January 2015, U.S. District Judge Ginny Granade ruled in favor of the women, prompting Moore to send a memo to probate judges throughout the state, advising that they are not required to issue "marriage" licenses to same-sex couples as he believed that Grenade's ruling only applied to the two women.
"[N]othing in the orders of Judge Grenadae requires Alabama probate judges to issue marriage licenses that are illegal in Alabama," he wrote. "Pursuant to … the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Alabama probate judges are not subject to those orders because the probate judges are not parties or associated with any party in those cases."
"[T]he injunction and the stay or the lifting thereof can only apply to the sole defendant, the Alabama attorney general," Moore said. "I urge you to uphold and support the Alabama Constitution and the Constitution of the United States to the best of your ability. So help you God."
Moore also wrote a letter to Gov. Robert Bentley, urging him to "uphold and support the Alabama Constitution with respect to marriage, both for the welfare of this state and for our posterity."
"Be advised that I will stand with you to stop judicial tyranny and any unlawful opinions issued without constitutional authority," he stated.
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) then filed a judicial ethics complaint against Moore over his letter to Gov. Bentley, and the homosexual activist group Human Rights Campaign (HRC) submitted 28,000 petition signatures to the JIC calling for Moore's removal.
As confusion ensued over Moore's letter to probate judges, one judge, John Enslen of Elmore County, asked the full Alabama Supreme Court for further guidance. In March 2015, six of the nine judges of the Alabama Supreme Court released a historic order halting the issuance of same-sex "marriage" licenses in the state. Moore recused himself from the matter and was not included in the order.
"As it has done for approximately two centuries, Alabama law allows for 'marriage' between only one man and one woman," the 148-page order read. "Alabama probate judges have a ministerial duty not to issue any marriage license contrary to this law. Nothing in the United States Constitution alters or overrides this duty."
In January, Moore sent another letter advising that the full court's would remain in effect until it issued directives in light of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges.
"Until further decision by the Alabama Supreme Court, the existing orders of the Alabama Supreme Court that Alabama probate judges have a ministerial duty not to issue any marriage license contrary to the Alabama Sanctity of Marriage Amendment or the Alabama Marriage Protection Act remain in full force and effect," he wrote on Jan. 6.
He also noted that his order does not weigh in on how June's U.S. Supreme Court ruling has impact on the Alabama Supreme Court's directive, and said that it was not his place to make that determination.
"I am not at liberty to provide any guidance to Alabama probate judges on the effect of Obergefell on the existing orders of the Alabama Supreme Court. That issue remains before the entire court, which continues to deliberate on the matter," Moore wrote.
Earlier this month, the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission (JIC) announced that it had filed ethics charges against Moore as a result of the SPLC complaint, and suspended the chief justice while he faces a trial before the Alabama Court of the Judiciary.
It said that Moore was "bound by the United State Supreme Court's interpretation and application" of the Constitution to same-sex "marriage," but Moore notes that his letter had nothing to do with the Supreme Court order, and that the full court was to later issue directives about the matter after receiving legal briefing.
Liberty Counsel says that the JIC has no authority to render legal opinions when it disagrees with a judge's view of the law, and that the automatic suspension requirement in the Alabama Constitution violates due process.
"The automatic removal provision places far too much power in the JIC, which can just file charges and have a judge removed," Staver said.


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Hellmich GmbH & Co. KG
Since its founding on 16.04.1963 by Friedrich Hellmich, the environmental engineering company has remained in family hands. The company's aims are always the fulfilment of customer requirements for inexpensive and practicable solutions in all issues to do with air purification.
Production of sheet metal piping for ventilation equipment was the first stage of the company's history. With time, an in-house range of products developed out of this: central dust extractors, de-dusting equipment, silo add-on filters and pneumatic transport for all possible applications. Complete flue gas cleaning systems with piping, flues and heat exchangers round off the range of products.
To this end, heavy-duty technology which proves itself in practice day after day is used. If required, we can deliver rapidly and extensively due to our high depth of production. More than 600 flue gas cleaning systems and over 1000 de-dusting units in use the whole world over show how high the product quality is. Statutory limit values are considerably exceeded in most cases.
Almost all our equipment is manufactured in our Kirchlengern works, and assembled and commissioned on the customer's premises by our own personnel. Customer service - quick, reliable and expert - is the concluding building block in our customer orientation.
A family business
over 600
Flue gas cleaning systems
über 1000


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Polo Shirts Are Now Accepted as Customary Work Wear
Embroidery can be really big this fight polo and promotional clothing, especially if your motive tin pattern. There is very little to beat brand embroidery, printed buy enough clothes may look very pro and show a competent solution for your company, embroidery elegant feeling introduce that separates profitable organization in the kind of extraordinary.
The majority related to custom polo shirt along with other clothes itself with a monitor silk print together with other means you have to be careful when washing and can soften and melt against your iron every time you make a slip-up trying to iron them, but that could in fact authentic only a few types of decorative way, if you ever need to iron the clothes should be organized as easily so by placing brown paper or maybe some wet towels in the extra iron, the garment.
Image Source: Google
This is because each item typically takes if to embroider themselves as having been the example of countless gadgets, related or a couple. With print, however, rate each item significantly as a result of printing plates or display values that you can use for other things like even printed that fixed expenses are distributed over the item.
Little work clothes printed or embroidered an effective option to advertise your home business. Consumers can get used to seeing your staff traveling around when using the company name emblazoned on their T-shirts, polo or standard work clothes, just in case you have a product you have to offer, of course, your company name will also be connected to it.


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High 10 Most Lethal Martial Arts Of The World
The significance of Titles in Art is immense, as it provides a which means and a function to the paintings. The students had discovered extra from this lesson because they have been in a position to use all styles of studying and were taught from an angle which is rarely used, by way of the arts. With out the arts, lecturers are limiting their students capacity to make use of their whole pondering process, providing much less opportunity for full comprehension.
The utilized arts are the appliance of design and ornament to on a regular basis, purposeful, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing. ArtsVest is a sponsorship coaching and matching incentive program that assists small- and medium-sized arts and culture organizations in securing sponsorships from businesses of their communities.
Photograph taken at King Faculty Museum of Modern Art (KSMoCA) by Roshani Thakore, a graduate pupil at PSU's School of the Arts and previous panelist for the Artwork & Power sequence. Since FESTAC 'seventy seven, no concerted effort has been made towards the promotion of the arts or the encouragement of artists.
By addressing the 4 precedence areas highlighted on this Action Agenda , the Partnership will probably be transferring towards …


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It is not hard to find a memory card that can pack as much as 128 gigabytes (GB) storage capacity into an SD memory card, a boon when shooting videos or when embarking on a weekend trip with a nice point and shoot like the FujiFilm x100F or Leica Q. Personally, however, I like the 16GB SD cards and here are my reasons:* When on a trip, I tend to use one card per day — and use that as a limiting factor to how many photo frames I might capture in a single day. Even with the increasing file sizes (nearly 50 megabytes), it is enough for my style of photography as my maximum frames a day is about a 100. Throw in some video, and even then I don't run out of capacity.
* One card a day adds a layer of protection in terms of data storage, and your photos. If you lose a card or damage one, the worst case is you lost a single day's work, not the entire trip's worth of photos.
* For me it is an additional back up copy — much like the developed roll of film. My workflow means, come to the hotel room, download photos to the drive, load to the cloud and file away the card for archival storage, never to be used again.
* At such low storage capacity, they are super cheap, even at the top end of the range and I tend to buy them in bulk and always have two or three cards in my camera bag/pouch.
* It is way easier to download photos from a 16GB card to your iPad versus say a 64GB card. The SD card connector is great to use but the Apple photos app is an abomination and takes forever to create previews and download the photos. Larger the card, the longer it takes to create a preview. (By the way, if you know any better option, do let me know, for I want to download photos to the iPad faster.)
As someone once said, bigger isn't better, it's just bigger. If you are looking for a brand recommendation, I am fairly agnostic though Lexar made a regular appearance and so did Sandisk. Like I said, they are all pretty much same in quality: just get the fastest one available and don't spend more than $15 a card!


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On April 1, 2015, the Japan Association of Professional Congress Organizers (JAPCO) and Convention Planners Association of Japan (CPA) merged to establish the largest convention organizers association in Japan, the Japan Convention Management Association (JCMA).
As of June 2017, the association has over 230 members, drawing together a wide range of business operators and public organizations from the convention industry, which facilitates greater coordination in determining the direction of the industry. The JCMA will seek to strengthen this business field in Japan, establishing it as a robust industry.
In order to contribute to fostering the necessary human resources and strengthening Japan's international competitiveness in MICE, we will focus on enhancing the specialization of business operators, as well as working with educational institutions to discover and train the next generation of convention personnel.
Attracting MICE events is an important measure to encourage government-led promotion of Japan as a tourism-oriented nation, and holding such events is expected to create a strong economic ripple effect. In addition, through its various effects in relation to the host organizations, participants and communities, MICE is expected to enhance the nation's industrial capabilities and the presence of its cities. Consequently, the importance of MICE will enjoy increasingly wide recognition. The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games are also expected to lead to opportunities for the development of MICE in Japan.
Under our motto "Gather People, Create a New World", JCMA will link to the world through face-to-face exchanges. We will work together to raise our performance in delivering globally important conventions, aiming to make Japan a center for global activities as a specialist organization providing new value and appealing experiences.


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Reminder: Today will be the last day of regular scheduled classes until the end of the month. We will reassess where we are and go from there, details were in mass email. If you did not receive the email ensure you update your contact info with us.
15min AMRAP:
200m Run
10 Squat Cleans (95/65)
200m run
*modify as needed
** at home version **
200m Run
20 jump Airsquats
200m run
20 Push ups


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The UK stock market has boomed, reaching its highest level for three years. Dealers are convinced there will be an early 0.25 per cent cut in interest rates (to 4.5 per cent) on Thursday August 4 to reverse Britain's economic slowdown. So far the market has risen by more than 60 per cent since its last low point, in 2003.
The FTSE 250 index, which measures the fortunes of smaller cap companies, hit an all-time high of 7617.8, driven by soaring oil share prices. Meanwhile, dealers forecast the FTSE 100 Index will hit 5,350 by year-end. Given the current level of the market (5290.8), this target doesn't give much upward scope, but traders have learned to be guarded as far as their optimism is concerned.
Yet, the pharma sector was particularly buoyant, outperforming the market's overall rise, as traders anticipated their second quarter trading statements. The wisdom of the marketplace proved right as AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Shire Pharmaceuticals posted better than expected figures.
AstraZeneca delights the market
AstraZeneca (AZ) rose over two days by a hefty 210p (to 2,559p) as dealers digested the record second quarter profits and news that David Brennan, head of the group's US operations, will take over from Sir Tom McKillop as chief executive in January 2006.
Nomura upgraded the shares from neutral to buy, as AZ easily outperformed City analysts' predictions with a second quarter profit of £967m, up from £595m on the same reporting period last year. Sales of the company's cholesterol drug, Crestor, rocketed 50 per cent to £180m, while sales of its heartburn drug, Nexium, rose 33 per cent to £685m.
Stronger pipeline at GSK
GSK posted an 8 per cent increase in profits to £1.7bn, pushing the share price up by 12p. The market was encouraged to learn that the company's late-stage drug pipeline, which was recently thought of as one of the weakest in the pharma sector, is now much improved. The company has nine products entering phase III clinical trials over the next year. Sales of asthma treatment, Advair, increased by 22 per cent to £725m.
Potential blockbuster drugs in the pipeline include Cervarix, a vaccine to treat cervical cancer, which is estimated will produce sales of £2bn a year by 2010. There is also a new HIV/AIDS treatment that `can block entry of the virus into every cell of the body' according to GSK boss, Jean-Pierre Garnier.
Shire also outperforms expectations
Shire Pharmaceuticals also outperformed City expectations for the second quarter - although the share price remained unchanged - as revenues increased by 32 per cent (to £243m) and bottom-line earnings rose from £19m to £66m. Adderall, the company's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drug, showed a strong sales surge. Revenue growth in 2005 will be in `low double digits', but at the high end of the range of its previous forecasts.
Shire has completed its $1.6bn purchase of Transkaryotic Therapies. Shareholders had resisted the deal but were persuaded by positive trial data on a treatment for the rare hereditary disease, Hunter syndrome.
Modest sales at Teva
Teva Pharmaceuticals has posted modest second quarter growth, with sales of its branded multiple sclerosis treatment compensating for poor sales of generic drugs in the US. Net income rose 5 per cent in the second quarter to $241m, as sales increased 4 per cent (to $1.23bn) in line with expectations.
News that Teva's figures were buoyed by sales of a branded drug comes just one week after the Israeli firm regained its position as the number one generics seller after agreeing to acquire US rival Ivax for $7.4bn.
The deal is the biggest ever cross-border transaction by an Israeli company and opens up Ivax' valuable respiratory and inhaler businesses to Teva - along with the rights to make copycat versions of Pfizer's Zoloft, a treatment for depression and Merck's prostate drug, Proscar.
Akers introduces tri-cholesterol test in US
AIM-listed Akers Biosciences saw its share price rise after it announced plans to introduce its tri-cholesterol test to the US in the third quarter of this year - earlier than dealers had anticipated. Some 50 hospitals are thought to be using Akers' heparin testing kit, generating combined sales of $7.5m yearly.
Acambis trials hospital superbugs vaccine
Acambis has commenced trials for a vaccine against the superbug, Clostridium difficile, which infected more than 43,000 people in UK hospitals last year, up 23 per cent from the previous year.
The Author
Malcolm Craig is the author of 14 books on varying aspects of investment, and is one of the
UK's leading investment commentators.
We're a specialist health consultancy that supports companies, healthcare professionals and patients to work hand in hand with a common...


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I thought we did enough to win that game
Southampton snatched a late point at Burnley this afternoon to move out of the bottom three in the Premier League and their manager Mauricio Pellegrino saw it as a potential big point.
He said after the game: "I think in the way that we equalised we can be happy because it was really difficult after conceding against this side who don't conceded too much themselves.
"But, obviously, we have to analyse well, because we have to improve in different aspects, how can we play against those teams who will press and are really aggressive physically, and who try to put you under pressure all the time?
"I think our concentration was good, and our intensity too, but I think we were a little bit nervous in some moments. When you don't want to take any risks sometimes the ball is always in the air and for us it was difficult to play.
Sean Dyche must have thought we'd finally broken the run and got that win only to be frustrated when they got that 90th minute equaliser to which referee Bobby Madley inadvertently contributed by blocking off Ashley Westwood.
"I thought we did enough to win that game, but there was stuff out of our control which is really frustrating," he said. "Without being brilliant it was a nice, solid performance, but it's a tough one to take because we've not had much go for us during the game.
"Their keeper handles outside the box and nothing is given, then just before our goal, Ashley is fouled with two hands in his back, but luckily gets up to get his goal. Then they get a goal out of the referee blocking the ball, which is unfortunate, but when they attack in our box there's a pull on Kevin Long's shirt. People go down when they have their shirt pulled and it's given, yet it doesn't get given and they score.
"It's hard for referees to try and get out of the way of everything, but my point is if you are the referee and you have just put them on the counter attack, they see a defender pulled in the box, I think as a referee my decisions would be that is a foul because it's cost a team a goal.
"Then, lo and behold, right at the end Barnesy gets pulled down again, and I've seen all these back by the way, and I think it's a penalty for a team that hasn't had one all season. All that is outside of our performance and you hope they take care of business, which I think it did today.
"The game was petering out into a 1-0 victory and I think everyone in the stadium could feel that. So, for them to get a goal out of a nothing situation and us to lose two points on the back of that is very frustrating.
"We know we are still getting back to what we can be as a squad and we still know we need to open up better chances, so there's still more to come, but we did enough today, I felt."Follow UpTheClarets:
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