text:
Riverside, California
Riverside, California
|City of Riverside
City of Arts & Innovation
|Coordinates: 33°56′53″N 117°23′46″W / 33.94806°N 117.39611°WCoordinates: 33°56′53″N 117°23′46″W / 33.94806°N 117.39611°W
|United States
|October 11, 1883[1]
|March 5, 1907[2]
|• Type
|• City council[5]
|Mayor Patricia Lock Dawson (D)
Erin Edwards
Clarissa Cervantes
Ronaldo Fierro
Chuck Conder
Gaby Placencia
Jim Perry
Steve Hemenway
|• City manager
|Al Zelinka[4]
|• City
|81.54 sq mi (211.18 km2)
|• Land
|81.23 sq mi (210.38 km2)
|• Water
|0.31 sq mi (0.80 km2)
|827 ft (252 m)
|• City
|• Rank
|61st in the United States
12th in California
|• Density
|3,877.85/sq mi (1,497.28/km2)
|• Metro
|4,599,839 (13th)
|Time zone
|UTC−8 (Pacific)
|• Summer (DST)
|ZIP codes
92501–92509, 92513–92519, 92521–92522
|Area code
|FIPS code
|GNIS feature IDs
|1661315, 2410965
Riverside is a city in, and the county seat of, Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Inland Empire metropolitan area. It is named for its location beside the Santa Ana River.[10] It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire and in Riverside County, and is located about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Riverside is the 61st-most-populous city in the United States and 12th-most-populous city in California. As of the 2020 census, Riverside had a population of 314,998.[8] Along with San Bernardino, Riverside is a principal city in the 13th-largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States; the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA (pop. 4,599,839) ranks in size just below San Francisco (pop. 4,749,008) and above Detroit (pop. 4,392,041) in population.
Riverside was founded in the early 1870s. It is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States.[11] It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery and the Eastern Division of the Federal District Court for the Central District of California.
The University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex. Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center, Museum of Riverside, which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history, the California Museum of Photography, the California Citrus State Historic Park, Castle Park, and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree, the last of the two original navel orange trees in California.[12]
In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century.
In the 1860s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture. In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land and formed the Southern California Colony Association to promote the area's development. In March 1870, North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California.[13] North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from New York State, had formerly founded Northfield, Minnesota. Riverside was temperance-minded, and Republican. There were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside.[14] Investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and polo field in southern California were built in Riverside.
The first orange trees were planted in 1871, with the citrus industry Riverside is famous for beginning three years later (1874)[15] when Eliza Tibbets received three [15] Brazilian navel orange trees sent to her by a personal friend, William Saunders, a horticulturist at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The trees came from Bahia, Brazil. The Bahia orange did not thrive in Florida, but its success in southern California was phenomenal.
The three trees were planted on the Tibbets' property. One of them died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted. After the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L.C. Tibbets, Eliza's husband, could provide.[16] Later, the trees were again transplanted, one at the Mission Inn property in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt (this tree died in 1922), and the other at the intersection of Magnolia and Arlington avenues. Eliza Tibbets was honored with a stone marker placed with the last tree. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection.
The trees thrived in the southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly. Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock. Within a few years, the successful cultivation of many thousands of the newly discovered Brazilian navel orange trees led to a California Gold Rush of a different kind: the establishment of the citrus industry, which is commemorated in the landscapes and exhibits of the California Citrus State Historic Park and the restored packing houses in the downtown's Marketplace district. By 1882, there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated railroad cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States (in terms of income per capita) by 1895.[17]
As the city grew, a small guest hotel designed in the popular Mission Revival style, known as the Glenwood Tavern, eventually grew to become the Mission Inn, favored by presidents, royalty and movie stars. Inside was housed a special chair made for the sizable President William Howard Taft. The hotel was modeled after the missions built along the California coast by Franciscan friars in the 18th and 19th centuries. (Although Spanish missionaries came as far inland as San Bernardino--San Bernardino de Sena Estancia—east of Riverside, there was no actual Spanish mission in what is now Riverside.) Postcards of lush orange groves, swimming pools and magnificent homes have attracted vacationers and entrepreneurs throughout the years. Many relocated to the warm, dry climate for reasons of health and to escape Eastern winters. Victoria Avenue, with its scattering of elegant turn-of-the-century homes, and citrus-lined paseo, serves as a reminder of European investors who settled here.
Riverside is the 61st-largest city in the United States, the 12th-largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km2), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of Southern California. Riverside is about a 47-mile (76 km) drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange County and Los Angeles County.[18]
Riverside is home to the historic Mission Inn, the Beaux-Arts style Riverside County Historic Courthouse (based on the Petit Palais in Paris, France), and the Riverside Fox Theater, where the first showing of the 1939 film Gone with the Wind took place. The theater was purchased by the city and refurbished as part of the Riverside Renaissance Initiative.[19] The Fox Theater underwent extensive renovation and restoration, which was completed in 2009, to turn the old cinema into a performing arts theater.[20] The building was expanded to hold 1,600 seats and the stage was enlarged to accommodate Broadway-style performances. In January 2010, singer Sheryl Crow opened the newly remodeled Fox Theater in a nearly sold-out show.[21]
Riverside is the home of the "World's Largest Paper Cup" (actually made of concrete), which is over three stories (68.10 ft; 20.76 m) tall. The "Dixie Cup" landmark is located on Iowa Street just north of Palmyrita, in front of what was once the Dixie Corporation's manufacturing plant (now closed down).
Three notable hills are in Riverside's scenic landscape: Box Springs Mountain, Evans (Jurupa) Hill and Tecolote Hill; all of which are preserved open spaces. South of Riverside is Lake Mathews. There is also the well-known landmark/foothill, Mount Rubidoux, which is next to the Santa Ana River and one of the most noticeable landmarks in the downtown area. This foothill is the dividing line between the town of Rubidoux and the city of Riverside.
March Joint Air Reserve Base borders Riverside on the east serving as a divider between the city and Moreno Valley. March ARB, founded in 1918, is the oldest operating Air Force base west of the Mississippi River.
At the entrance to Riverside from the 60 freeway sits Fairmount Park. This extensive urban oasis was designed by the firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted, which had designed New York's Central Park.[22] It includes a lovely stocked pond that is home to many species of birds. On nearby private land is the former site of Spring Rancheria, a Cahuilla village.
The city of Riverside has 28 designated "neighborhoods" within the city limits.[23] These neighborhoods include Airport, Alessandro Heights, Arlanza, Arlington, Arlington Heights, Arlington South, Canyon Crest, Casa Blanca, Downtown, Eastside, Grand, Hawarden Hills, Hillside Hunter Industrial Park, La Sierra, La Sierra Acres, La Sierra Hills, La Sierra South, Magnolia Center, Mission Grove, Northside, Orangecrest, Presidential Park, Ramona, Sycamore Canyon Park, Sycamore Canyon Springs, University, Victoria and Wood Streets.
To the east of downtown is the originally named "Eastside," which grew out of a colonia inhabited by Mexican immigrant workers in the orange groves, other orchards and produce fields. The area these people lived in was originally a settlement called La Placita that predated the city, being founded in 1843. Mexican communities were also formed in the barrio of Casa Blanca during the early twentieth century.
The City Council has proposed many annexations of nearby unincorporated communities that would increase Riverside's population and land area significantly. Most notable is the Lake Hills/Victoria Grove area, which would extend the city's southwestern borders to Lake Mathews.[24]
Current proposals[edit]
- 97 Berry Road
- 103 Barton/Gem
- 104 I-215 Corridor
- 105 Sycamore/Central
- 106 East Blaine
- 107 Alta Cresta Remainder
- 108 Lake Hills/Victoria Grove
- 111 University City
- 112 Kaliber
- 113 Barton/Station
Potential annexations[edit]
- A Center Street
- B Highgrove
- C Spring Mountain Ranch (92)
- D Canyon Ridge
- E Woodcrest
- F Gateway
Riverside is home to the University of California, Riverside. The UCR Botanical Gardens contains 40 acres (16 ha) of unusual plants, with four miles (6 km) of walking trails. The city prides itself on its historic connection to the navel orange, which was introduced to North America from Brazil in 1874. Riverside is home to the one surviving Parent Navel Orange Tree, from which all American West Coast navel orange trees are descended.
There are three hospitals in Riverside.[25]
- Riverside Community Hospital is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services and a Level I Trauma Center as of 2020.
- Parkview Community Hospital Medical Center is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services as of 2006.
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital – Riverside is a General Acute Care Hospital with Basic Emergency Services as of 2006.
Riverside is also home to the Riverside Public Library system. Branches include: Arlanza, Arlington, La Sierra, Marcy, Main, Orange Terrace, Eastside Cybrary, and Casa Blanca.
Convention facilities are available at several locations. The Riverside Convention Center, remodeled in 2014, offers 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2) indoors and 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) of outdoor space. Also available is the Riverside Marriott with 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) indoors, and the Mission Inn with 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m2) indoors and 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) outdoors.[26] All three facilities are located within walking distance of one another in downtown Riverside. Meetings with an academic focus are also held at the University of California, Riverside.
Cemeteries in Riverside include:
- Crestlawn Memorial Park – notable burials include Medal of Honor recipient George Alan Ingalls, baseball player Mike Darr, actor Roland Harrah III, and actor Darwood Kaye.
- Evergreen Cemetery – notable burials include Marcella Craft, Frank Augustus Miller, John W. North, Eliza Tibbets, and Al Wilson.
- Olivewood Memorial Park[27] – notable burials include Medal of Honor recipient Jesus S. Duran,[28] Travis Alexander, Dorothy Burgess, Mayor Ben H. Lewis, Del Lord, Gloria Ramirez, and Eric Show.
- Riverside National Cemetery, established in 1976, is the largest cemetery managed by the National Cemetery Administration, and since 2000 has been the most active in the system based on the number of interments.
- Sherman Indian High School Cemetery, Home Gardens
Riverside experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) bordering on an arid climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with hot, dry summers and mild, relatively wet winters. Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 54.8 °F (12.7 °C) in December to 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) in August.[29] On average, temperatures reach the freezing mark and 100 °F (38 °C) on 3.5 and 21.6 days annually, respectively.[29] Record temperatures range from 18 °F (−8 °C) on January 15, 1911, up to 118 °F (48 °C) on July 17, 1925, June 16, 1917, and July 6, 2018.[30] On average, Riverside receives 9.39 in (239 mm) of precipitation annually, with measurable precipitation occurring on 35 days, with almost all of it between November and April, with February the wettest month.[31]
|Climate data for Riverside (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
|Record high °F (°C)
|Mean maximum °F (°C)
|Average high °F (°C)
|Average low °F (°C)
|Mean minimum °F (°C)
|Record low °F (°C)
|Average precipitation inches (mm)
|Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
|Source 1: Nowdata [32]
|Source 2: NCEI [33]
The Riverside area deals with issues of smog and above-average levels of air pollution. In a comparison by the National Campaign Against Dirty Air Power (2003), the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario area was found to be one of the most polluted regions based on year-round particle measurements when compared to other U.S. cities.[34] [NEJM 2004;351:1057-1067] Due to the smog problems, the city has made efforts to reduce pollution by incorporating additional means of mass transit (Metrolink) and equipping its entire fleet of buses with natural gas. Smog decreased considerably over the next few years as local municipalities and counties worked with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to implement measures to improve regional air quality.[35] In 2020, the American Lung Association rated Riverside County as one of the worst counties in the nation for smog.[36] Most of Riverside's smog problems are the result of the prevailing wind patterns that blow the smog from the Los Angeles Basin and particulates generated by southern California's multitude of vehicles, and the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach into the Inland Empire.
|Historical population
|U.S. Decennial Census[37]
|Demographic profile
|Black or African American
|Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
As of the 2010 census[42] reported that Riverside had a population of 303,871. The population density was 3,731.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,440.5/km2). The racial makeup of Riverside was 171,669 (56.5%) White, 21,421 (7.0%) African American, 3,467 (1.1%) Native American, 22,566 (7.4%) Asian (1.7% Filipino, 1.6% Chinese, 1.1% Korean, 1.0% Vietnamese, 1.0% Indonesian, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Pakistani), 1,219 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 68,111 (22.4%) from other races, and 15,418 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 148,953 persons (49.0%); 41.8% of Riverside's population is Mexican, 1.1% Guatemalan, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Cuban, 0.2% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Colombian.[43] Non-Hispanic Whites were 34.0% of the population in 2010,[38] down from 82.1% in 1970.[40]
The Census reported that 292,322 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 8,925 (2.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2,624 (0.9%) were institutionalized.
There were 91,932 households, out of which 38,939 (42.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 45,398 (49.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 13,845 (15.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6,372 (6.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6,392 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 746 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 18,284 households (19.9%) were made up of individuals, and 6,262 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18. There were 65,615 families (71.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.67.
The population was spread out, with 81,406 people (26.8%) under the age of 18, 47,126 people (15.5%) aged 18 to 24, 82,482 people (27.1%) aged 25 to 44, 66,615 people (21.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 26,242 people (8.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.
There were 98,444 housing units at an average density of 1,208.7 per square mile (466.7/km2), of which 51,185 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 40,747 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%. 168,888 people (55.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 123,434 people (40.6%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Riverside had a median household income of $56,403, with 17.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[44]
As of the census of 2000, there were 255,166 people, 82,005 households, and 58,141 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,261.5/km2 (3,267.2/mi2). There were 85,974 housing units at an average density of 425.0/km2 (1,100.8/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 59.3% White, 7.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.68% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 21.0% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. 38.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 82,005 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.54.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $41,646, and the median income for a family was $47,254. Males had a median income of $36,920 versus $28,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,882. 15.8% of the population and 11.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.9% of those under the age of 18 and 8.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Riverside is largely Christian and is home to Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Protestant, and Universalist Unitarian churches, an Islamic mosque, Jewish synagogue, Hindu temple, and several Buddhist temples. Riverside is also home to the Inland Empire Atheists and Agnostics organization.[47][48]
Large Seventh-Day Adventist populations, due to La Sierra University, are located in Riverside and proximity to Loma Linda near San Bernardino.
There is also a large Mormon population, as well as in the San Bernardino area, as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has missions in Riverside and Redlands near their temple.
Several religious celebrations take place on top of the city's Mount Rubidoux. One is an annual Easter Sunrise service, which is the nation's oldest continual non-denominational outdoor Easter service[49] The 100th anniversary of the event was held April 12, 2009. Each December, a 2½-mile (4 km) procession from Our Lady of Guadalupe Shrine to the top of Mount Rubidoux promotes awareness of Juan Diego's walk up Tepeyac hill, in 1531, where he reportedly saw a Marian apparition known as Our Lady of Guadalupe.[50]
In 2012, a controversy erupted regarding the cross atop Mount Rubidoux, which was on city-owned land and maintained by the city. Due to constitutional issues regarding separation of church and state, the Riverside City Council sold the cross and the land under it (0.43 acres; 1740.15 sq m) to a private entity for $10,500.[51]
Riverside's economy consists largely of light-industry and generates a range of products including aircraft components, automotive parts, gas cylinders, electronic equipment, food products, and medical devices. Supporting the manufacturing sector are several industrial parks, including those in the Hunter Industrial Park, Sycamore Canyon Industrial Park and Airport Industrial Areas. As the county seat of Riverside County and the most populous city in the Inland Empire, Riverside also houses several legal, accounting, engineering, and banking firms. Citrus production and packing houses still exist within the city, but the industry is in decline.
American electronics company Bourns, Inc. is among the companies based in Riverside.
Citrus is in decline in many areas of the Inland Empire where urbanization and water scarcity have made the industry uneconomic.[52]
- Top employers
According to the City's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[53] the top employers in the city are:
|# of employees
|County of Riverside
|University of California, Riverside
|Riverside Unified School District
|Kaiser Permanente
|City of Riverside
|California Baptist University
|Riverside Community Hospital
|Alvord Unified School District
|UTC Aerospace Systems
|Parkview Community Hospital
Film and television[edit]
Riverside's close proximity to Hollywood, combined with its many unique architectural features, has made it a frequent filming choice by film studios, starting with the 1919 film Boots, which starred Dorothy Gish and was filmed at the Mission Inn.
Episodes of the 2013 television celebrity diving program Splash are taped at Riverside Community College's aquatics complex, and a local gay bar named V.I.P. was the setting for the second episode of Season Five of the Bravo TV reality show Tabatha Takes Over. The HBO show Enlightened (2011–2013), which starred Laura Dern, was also set in Riverside.
Retail shopping centers include the open-air Riverside Plaza, and the Galleria at Tyler mall. The Main Street Pedestrian Mall in downtown is the site of several unique shops.[54]
Arts and culture[edit]
- California Citrus State Historic Park Museum
- The Cheech Marin Center for Chicano Art, Culture & Industry
- Entomology Research Museum at the University of California, Riverside (not open to the public).
- Heritage House Museum
- March Field Air Museum
- Mission Inn Museum
- Riverside Art Museum
- Museum of Riverside
- Sherman Indian Museum at the Sherman Indian High School
- Sweeney Art Gallery, an extension of the University of California, Riverside
- The Stahl Center Museum of Culture at the La Sierra University
- University of California, Riverside California Museum of Photography
- World Museum of Natural History at the La Sierra University
- Southern California Railway Museum
Festivals and events[edit]
Several festivals occur throughout the year in Riverside, many focused on the downtown area.
Each year in February The Riverside Dickens Festival is held to "enhance a sense of community among citizens of Riverside County and Southern California by creating a series of literary events and to provide educational, family-oriented, literary entertainment and activities such as plays, musical performances, pageants, living history presentations, workshops, lectures, classroom study, exhibits and a street bazaar with free entertainment, vendors and costumed characters."[55]
The Riverside Airshow takes place in March at the Riverside Municipal Airport. The event attracts around 70,000 people and includes aerial performers, over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of aircraft displays, a car show and military vehicle display, children's activities, food and refreshments, helicopter displays and community group exhibits.[56][57]
The March Field Airfest, also known as Thunder Over the Empire, is a biennial air show held at March Air Reserve Base. The air show is among the largest events in the Inland Empire and Riverside County. The show has featured such performers as the United States Air Force Thunderbirds, the Air Combat Command demonstrations teams and many other military and civilian demonstrations. 2010 saw the Patriots Jet Team as the highlight demonstration team of the show. Attendance for the 2010 show was estimated at over 150,000.
The Riverside International Film Festival (RIFF) takes place in April and features films from around the world.[58] Sponsored by the city of Riverside, local universities, and many businesses, past festivals have featured over 175 films.
Old Riverside Foundation,[59] a local nonprofit focused on historic preservation of the built environment, hosts an annual Vintage Home Tour in May that showcases private historic homes, open to the public for one day only.
In October, the California Riverside Ballet sponsors the Ghost Walk, which in 2013 celebrated its 22nd year. The event is an walk around some of the city's oldest and most historic buildings, with volunteers leading tours and telling ghost stories.
Also, in October, for one evening, from late afternoon until midnight, the Long Night of Arts & Innovation is held in Downtown Riverside. This event is designed to showcase the area's talent in the visual and performing arts, science and technology from its universities, community college, school districts, and innovative companies and arts organizations. It is also designed to encourage school children to seek careers in the arts and STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) by connecting them to professors, artists, professionals and performers from these institutions.[citation needed]
The Riverside Festival of Lights centers around The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, located downtown. Decoration of the Inn begins in October and a lighting ceremony that includes speakers, fireworks, and live musicians takes place the day after Thanksgiving Day. Carolers, horse-drawn carriage rides, and ice skating all color the festival. Restaurants, cafes, and community groups all contribute to the festival. The festival runs through New Year's Day.[citation needed]
Also during the week of Thanksgiving, the Festival of Trees is held at the Riverside Convention Center. Held since 1990, the event seeks to raise money for the Riverside County Regional Medical Center children's units including the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Child Abuse and Neglect Unit, and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Attracting 25,000 people per year, the event has raised over $5 million since its inception.[60] At the Festival of Trees, many professionally decorated Christmas trees are judged, auctioned, and then displayed for public viewing.
Local government[edit]
Riverside is governed by a mayor and city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide election. The city council has seven members, each elected from single member wards. A city manager is responsible for ongoing city services.
In Riverside's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, the city's government accounts were reported to have $244 million in revenues and $365 million in expenditures, with the deficiency made up by the issuance of long-term debt and transfers from the city-owned utilities (including electric and water).[61] The report also indicates that over the prior nine years, the number of city employees increased by 23.6% to 2,686 FTE, outpacing the 12.5% increase in the number of residents.
Federal and state representation[edit]
Under the electoral maps drawn by the Citizens' Redistricting Commission, which were first used in the 2012 elections and will remain in effect through at least 2020, Riverside's state and federal legislative districts have changed substantially.
In the California State Legislature, the City of Riverside is in the 31st Senate District, represented by Democrat Richard Roth. In the California State Assembly, it is split between the 60th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Sabrina Cervantes, and the 61st Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jose Medina.
In the United States House of Representatives, nearly all of Riverside is in California's 41st congressional district, represented by Democrat Mark Takano, while a tiny portion of the city is part of California's 42nd congressional district, represented by Republican Ken Calvert. In the United States Senate, California is represented by Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla.[62]
Riverside's crime rate has shown a drop over the past several years. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics database, from 2002 to 2014 violent crime fell to 1,384 from 2,026 events, and property crime to 9,864 from 13,135 events.[68] During this time, the population of the city rose by 21%. To help reduce gang-related crime, the city developed Project Bridge, an anti-gang program under the city of Riverside's Park and Recreation Department. Gang activity has been reported to center in the Casa Blanca, Arlanza and Eastside neighborhoods.
Of the 60 largest U.S. police departments in 2015, the Riverside Police Department was the only department whose police did not kill anyone that year.[69]
Colleges and universities[edit]
Institutions of higher learning include:
- California Baptist University[70]
- California Southern Law School[71] (to close in 2020).
- La Sierra University[72]
- National University[73] (branch campus in Riverside)
- Riverside City College[74]
- Riverside Royals College
- University of California, Riverside[75][76][77]
Vocational schools[edit]
- Brightwood College
- UEI College
- Platt College
- American College of Healthcare
- Masters Vocational College
- US College
- Northwest College
Secondary schools[edit]
Public school districts and high schools[edit]
Riverside is served by two school districts:
- Riverside Unified School District serves eastern Riverside.[78]
- High schools include:
- Continuation high schools include:
- Abraham Lincoln High School (continuation)
- Raincross High School (continuation)
- Summit View High School (continuation)
- Alvord Unified School District serves western Riverside.[78]
- High schools include:
- Continuation high schools include:
- Alvord High School (continuation)
Other public secondary schools[edit]
Two notable institutions of learning, for specified student bodies, are also located in Riverside:
- California School for the Deaf, Riverside (CSDR) for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing from Preschool to 12th grade has been open since 1952.[80]
- Sherman Indian High School of the Bureau of Indian Education,[81] is for Native American tribal members from 9th to 12th grade; it has been open since 1878.
Private secondary schools[edit]
- Bethel Christian School[82]
- Eastside Christian Academy
- Harvest Christian school[83]
- La Sierra Academy[84] (Seventh-day Adventist)
- Notre Dame High School[85] (Roman Catholic)
- Riverside Christian High School[86]
- Woodcrest Christian High School[87]
- Islamic Academy of Riverside[88]
- Carniege Schools Riverside
Initiative to raise college graduation rates[edit]
Riverside won a $3 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2010. As a result, the Completion Counts initiative was created as a joint partnership by the city of Riverside, Riverside City College, Alvord Unified School District, Riverside Unified School District, Riverside County Office of Education, UC Riverside, and the Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce to double college graduation rates by 2020. Only Riverside, New York City, San Francisco, and Mesa, Arizona received such a grant.
The partnership is creating measures that help students across Riverside earn a degree. For example, RCC will now give 2012 graduates of AUSD and RUSD priority class registration, and a two-year guarantee to complete an associate degree or transfer to a four-year university.[89] Completion Counts is also ensuring that AUSD, RUSD and RCC work together to create a seamless math and English curriculum to prepare students for college-level work. High school and college student counselors are meeting regularly to agree on the best ways to get students ready for college.
Riverside is the home to the Fox Performing Arts Center. The theater is best known for being the first theater to screen the most successful film in box-office history when adjusted for inflation, the 1939 film Gone with the Wind.[citation needed]
Riverside is served by three major freeways: I-215, State Route 60, and State Route 91. These three freeways meet in northeastern Riverside at a multi-level interchange that was rebuilt in 2007.[90]
Rail lines[edit]
The city contains three Metrolink commuter rail stations: Riverside-Downtown, Riverside-La Sierra, and Riverside-Hunter Park/UCR. The first two are both served by the Inland Empire-Orange County and 91/Perris Valley lines, and the Downtown station is served by the Riverside Line on weekdays, and the San Bernardino Line on weekends. The Hunter Park station is served by the 91/Perris Valley Line on weekdays only. Amtrak's Southwest Chief, which runs from Los Angeles to Chicago, also serves the city.
Bus lines[edit]
Local bus service is provided by the Riverside Transit Agency.[91] Intercity bus service is provided by Omnitrans Greyhound Lines, Amtrak California, and a handful of small operators serving the cross-border market into Mexico.
The nearest airport for commercial airline service is Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California. The Riverside Municipal Airport is an airport within Riverside city limits, but it does not have commercial airline service. It is primarily used for private aviation and is also the location for the annual Riverside Air Show.
Notable people[edit]
Sister cities[edit]
|Sister cities of Riverside, California[92]
Riverside has nine sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
The Sendai Committee is working on setting up a secure e-pal system whereby the residents of Sendai and Riverside can exchange emails in a fashion similar to pen pals. The aim is to promote grassroots cultural exchange between the two sister cities.
The city of Riverside established an economic partnership program with the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the early 2000s.
See also[edit]
- California Riverside Ballet
- Largest cities in southern California
- Ranchos of California
- Saint Andrew Orthodox Christian Church
- List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations
- Brown Jr, John and James Boyd. History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties; With Selected Biography of Actors and Witnesses of the Period of Growth and Achievement, 3 volumes, The Western Historical Association, 1922. The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois.
- Gunther, Jane Davies. Riverside County, California, Place Names; Their Origins and Their Stories, Riverside, CA, 1984. LOC catalog number: 84-72920.
- Patterson, Tom. A Colony For California; Riverside's First Hundred Years. Second Edition 1996. The Museum Press of the Riverside Museum Associates, Riverside, California. ISBN 0-935661-24-7.
- Patterson, Tom. Landmarks of Riverside; and the Stories Behind Them. 1964. Press~Enterprise Co., Riverside, California. Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 64-15204.
Citations and notes[edit]
- ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ "Over One Hundred and Twenty-Five Years of Service" (PDF). City of Riverside. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- ^ "Riverside City Charter" (PDF). City of Riverside. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^ "City Manager". Riverside, California. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- ^ "City Council". Riverside, California. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- ^ "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ "Riverside". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- ^ a b "QuickFacts: Riverside city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
- ^ Gunther, pages 427–429.
- ^ "Riversideca.gov" (PDF).
- ^ August 5, 2004
- ^ "Local History: Finding aids". Riverside Public Library. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Brown and Boyd, Vol 2.
- ^ a b Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, page 429
- ^ Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, page 430
- ^ H. Vincent Moses wrote in 1982 that Riverside was the wealthiest U.S. city per capita in 1895. Dr. Moses is a city historian. See "Machines in the Garden: A Citrus Monopoly in Riverside, 1900–31", published in California History, Spring 1982.
- ^ calculate travel time. "Flight Distance from Riverside, CA to Laguna Beach, CA". Travelmath.com. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ "Riverside Renaissance Initiative". Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- ^ "rehabilitation". Archived from the original on May 11, 2008.
- ^ Franko, Vanessa. Sheryl Crow opens the first night of entertainment at the Fox, The Press-Enterprise, January 22, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ "City of Riverside, California - Park & Recreation". riversideca.gov.
- ^ "Riverside, California - City of Arts & Innovation - At Home in Riverside". riversideca.gov.
- ^ "Riverside, California - City of Arts & Innovation - Planning". www.riversideca.gov. Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
- ^ California Department of Health Services
- ^ Riverside Convention Center and Visitor's Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ 33°57′10″N 117°22′44″W / 33.95278°N 117.37889°W U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Olivewood Cemetery
- ^ Santschi, Darrell R. (February 23, 2014). "Riverside med to get top honor: Jesus S. Duran and Salvador J. Lara will be awarded the Medal of Honor". The Press-Enterprise.
- ^ a b "Station Name: CA RIVERSIDE MUNI AP". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
- ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
- ^ "CA Riverside Fire STN 3". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
- ^ "Climate".
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals". National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- ^ "Air pollution and lung development". Retrieved March 17, 2006.
- ^ "California Air District Website Links". scaqmd.org.
- ^ Wisckol, Martin (April 21, 2020). "Worst smog in America is in LA metro region". Orange County Register. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ a b "Riverside (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ^ "Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b c "California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ^ a b From 15% sample
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Riverside city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". census.gov. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
- ^ "Riverside (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". census.gov. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
- ^ "Adults in the Riverside metro area". Pew Research Center.
- ^ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, Pew Research Center
- ^ US. "Inland Empire Atheists, Agnostics & Skeptics Meetup Group (Riverside, CA) – Meetup.com". Inlandempireatheists.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ "West Briefs – 4/15/09 | Riverside County | PE.com | Southern California News | News for Inland Southern California". PE.com. April 14, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ "News : Press Enterprise". pe.com.
- ^ "Press Enterprise : Riverside County California News, Sports and Entertainment". pe.com.
- ^ "Mount Rubidoux Cross: Auction winner will keep Riverside landmark". Press Enterprise.
- ^ "Background Information and Statistics: California's Citrus Industry". Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ "Riverside, California | City of Arts & Innovation | Finance".
- ^ "home - ShopRiversideNow.com". ShopRiversideNow.com.
- ^ "Welcome to the Frontpage". Dickensfest.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ "Riverside Airshow - Riverside Airport". riversideca.gov. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006.
- ^ "Riverside Airshow 2011 - Photo Review". thingstodoinlandempire.com.
- ^ "Riverside International Film Festival". Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ "Old Riverside Foundation". Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ "Festival of Trees Web Page". Archived from the original on May 17, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
- ^ Retrieved October 4, 2014
- ^ "Who To Call in Sacramento & Washington DC". Riverside, California. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
- ^ a b c "United States Courts". United States Courts.
- ^ "United States District Court, Central District of California, Riverside". Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ "United States Bankruptcy Panel of the 9th Circuit". Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ "Site Has Moved". ca.gov. August 9, 2021.
- ^ "The Superior Court of California, County of Riverside - Traffic". ca.gov.
- ^ "Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics". ucrdatatool.gov. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013.
- ^ "2015 Police Violence Report". Mapping Police Violence. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
- ^ "California Baptist University". calbaptist.edu.
- ^ "California Southern Law School :: Home". cslawschool.com.
- ^ La Sierra University (July 15, 2015). "About La Sierra University - La Sierra University". lasierra.edu.
- ^ "National University". nu.edu.
- ^ "Riverside City College". rcc.edu.
- ^ "About UCR". ucr.edu. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ Medina, Jennifer (June 1, 2012). "California Cuts Threaten the Status of Universities". NY Times. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Students at the University of California, Riverside, taking a midterm exam in a psychology class that has an enrollment of 570.
- ^ "California Researchers Find New Tool Against the Asian Citrus Psyllid". Entomology Today. October 27, 2014.
Now a research team at the University of California, Riverside has found a new tool that targets the ACP's olfactory system, and they've identified a suite of odorants (odor molecules) that the insect detects. Some of these odorants can modify the behavior of ACP and may lead to the development of tools to tackle its spread.
- ^ a b "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Riverside County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 2 (PDF p. 3/6). Retrieved July 10, 2021.
- ^ RUSD Arlington HS infopage Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ California School for the Deaf - Riverside. "California School for the Deaf". ca.gov.
- ^ Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Education, National Directory, March 2009, page 25 Archived October 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Bethelchristiancenter.cc". www.bethelchristiancenter.cc. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ "Harvest Christian School". Harvest Christian School. January 22, 2015.
- ^ "LSA High School". lsak12.com.
- ^ "Notre Dame High School". Notre Dame High School.
- ^ "Riverside Christian Schools". rivchristian.org.
- ^ "Woodcrest Christian High School". Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ Olsen, David, The Press-Enterprise, "Islamic Academy of Riverside holds graduation tonight amid growing enrollment", June 17, 2010
- ^ "Riverside: RCC trustees hear two-year guarantee plan". Press Enterprise.
- ^ "News : Press Enterprise". pe.com.
- ^ Riverside Transit Agency.
- ^ "Riverside's Sister Cities". City of Riverside, California. 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
Further reading[edit]
- Durian, Hal (2013). True Stories of Riverside and the Inland Empire. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-6094-9773-6. OCLC 822895113
- Hall, Joan H. (2003). Cottages, Colonials and Community Places of Riverside, California. Riverside, CA: Highgrove Press. ISBN 0-9631618-5-7. OCLC 55511547
- Klotz, Esther H.; Hall, Joan H. (2005). Adobes, Bungalows, and Mansions of Riverside, California. Riverside, CA: Highgrove Press. ISBN 0-9631618-6-5. OCLC 57498974
- Klotz, Esther H. (1972). Riverside and the Day the Bank Broke. Riverside, CA: Rubidoux Press. OCLC 532580
- Lech, Steve (2007). Riverside 1870–1940. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-4716-9. OCLC 127273299.
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Riverside History
- Riverside, California at Curlie
- Riverside travel guide from Wikivoyage


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Those who've witnessed faculty brats running amok on a small college campus will immediately recognize Houston memoirist Emily Fox Gordon and her preteen cohorts as they roam the grounds of fifties-era Williams College in Are You Happy? (A Childhood Remembered) (Riverhead), the follow-up to her well-reviewed debut, Mockingbird Years. Gordon paints an entertaining (although suspiciously detailed) portrait of her childhood as the not-entirely-miserable fat girl who disappoints her alcoholic mother and her dispassionate economy professor father. Young Emily doesn't play piano or sports or do well in school; instead she and her friends sneak into poorly secured basements and explore their budding teen emotions. Gordon does her best to attach meaning and significance to her childhood memories, and she is a heck of a writer. But sixth-grade kissing games and misguided crushes don't lend the sought-after gravitas to an otherwise pleasant literary remembrance.
From the March 2006 Issue Subscribe
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Baroque through to Neoclassicism
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Baroque through to Neoclassicism
The Baroque style flourished in European visual culture during the 17th and 18th centuries. Although the movement shared the naturalism and often religious or mythological subject matter of the Renaissance style, it is typified by an elaborate and extravagant application of decoration; in general, Baroque artists worked to distance themselves from their Renaissance predecessors. The style was greatly encouraged by the Catholic Church, who considered it an enticing contrast to the austere Protestant art and architecture that had been popularised following the Reformation in the 16th century. Most works of the Baroque period share a common goal: to convey a heightened sense of drama. In painting this is often achieved through energetic compositions and a luminous application of colour, whilst in sculpture, dynamic forms dominate. Such drama, the Catholic church believed, would instil piety among the congregation, and a sense of awe for the church.
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Beginning in Rome, the style quickly spread across Europe. Countries in which the Catholic faith dominated (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Southern Germany, Poland), embraced the movement in its fullest expression. In Northern Europe, where the Protestant faith was prevalent, the style was more restrained and often non-secular. Although Baroque artists favoured high drama over the Renaissance quest for harmony and balance, in parts of Europe, particularly France, an interest in the ideals of the ancient world endured. This strand of Baroque art is known as Baroque Classicism, a movement which spanned the 17th century. In France, the early 18th century ushered in a new, if short-lived, mutation of the Baroque style, sometimes described as the final expression of the movement – Rococo. Building upon the awe-inspiring opulence of the Baroque, the Rococo style, which also found popularity in England, expressed grace, frivolity and sensuousness, though to no less extravagant effect.
By the mid-18th century, the excess of both the Baroque and Rococo styles was beginning to fall out of favour. Increasing numbers of young European aristocrats were undertaking the fashionable Grand Tour, an expedition around Europe taking in the major cultural centres of the day, as well as those of civilisations past. The new science of archaeology was also bringing classical civilisations to the fore, with spectacular discoveries at Herculaneum and Pompeii. Neoclassicism was the movement that united these events, once more drawing on the Greco-Roman principles of symmetry, simplicity and mathematics. As a movement, Neoclassicism remained popular until the mid-1850s, although academic artists continued to engage with classical themes and ideals until the end of the 19th century.
Key Figure: Caravaggio
Michelangelo Merisi was born in 1571 in Caravaggio, Italy, and was known throughout his professional life by the name of his hometown. He is considered the father of the Baroque style and the high drama of his paintings is matched by a dark and tempestuous personal life. As a young man he moved to Rome, initially selling his work on the street until he caught the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte, an eminent art collector who recognised the young man's talent. Through del Monte, Caravaggio gained his first public commissions, which proved so sensational upon delivery that he became an instant celebrity, gaining a number of prestigious commissions thereafter. Caravaggio's often violently theatrical work employs an extreme use of chiaroscuro, a painting technique that describes the use of strong contrasts between light and dark. His extension of the technique is known as tenebrism and is even more severe in its use of contrast, spotlighting his subjects within a creeping and aggressive darkness. Experience the drama of Caravaggio alongside countless other masterpieces on our study tour celebrating the fabulous museums of Berlin.
Key Work: Castle Howard, Yorkshire, UK
Castle Howard is considered to be the first English building to truly express the Baroque style. Commissioned by the 3rd Earl of Carlisle it was designed by John Vanbrugh, who was, up to the point of this commission, known as a playwright. With no formal architectural training, Vanbrugh enlisted the help of Nicholas Hawksmoor, who assisted in drafting and executing his elaborate vision. Construction began in 1699 but was not completed for 100 years, although Vanbrugh received a number of subsequent commissions as a result of the ongoing project, most famously for Blenheim Palace. Perhaps the finest expression of the English Baroque style, notable architectural features include a dazzling Great Hall, resplendent under a painted and gilded dome some 80 feet above. Wander the rooms of Vanbrugh's first architectural masterpiece as part of our study tour, Georgian Arcadia.
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Up until now, each round of the photography competition held at Furillen has been based on an abstract theme ('solitude', 'cold', etc.).
Round 5 will be different.
Now you are being asked for pictures taken of a specific location on the sim: Bar Cafe Fabriken. To be more precise, we want pictures taken from inside the bar.
The best three pictures will be displayed in the bar itself. They will become part of the decor for a while …
So think about that when entering – what kind of pictures would you want to see hanging on the walls in such a bar?
- One entry per person.
- Deadline: Friday 22 April 2016, Midday SLT.
- Entries to be posted in the Round 5 flickr group, which will be created as the deadline approaches.
- Winners to be selected by a panel.
- Pictures must be taken from inside Bar Cafe Fabriken, and have the bar as their main subject.
We are looking forward to seeing what you come up with.
Good luck!


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John Goodman, Danny McBride to star in HBO televangelist comedy
Oh my lord: HBO has greenlit its televangelist comedy that you can bet is going to be a serious contender for the most blasphemous show on the air.
The premium cable network has just announced a series order for its pilot The Righteous Gemstones and here is the description: "The story of a world-famous televangelist family with a long tradition of deviance, greed, and charitable work, all in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ."
The show is created by, directed by and stars Danny McBride (Vice Principals), with John Goodman (Roseanne) also in a lead role.
Here is the first photo, and then after that we have some more details:
The ensemble cast includes:
John Goodman as Eli Gemstone, the Patriarch of the Gemstone family. "Unbending; a force in the Ministry game. He's known the world over for his aggressive salvation techniques, his worldwide ministries, and his award-winning weekly television program. His light is fading, but he takes no guff. He is obeyed, unquestioned."
Danny McBride as Jesse Gemstone, the eldest son and "heir to the throne." "He walks in his father's shadow while simultaneously blazing his own path. Like Eli, Jesse takes no s— and demands loyalty from those in his circle, and surrounds himself by those that will follow him. Jesse fancies himself a maverick in the ministry game, taking what Eli has built and expanding it for a more modern audience."
Edi Patterson (black-ish) as Judy Gemstone, the daughter of Eli and Amy Leigh. "She's not offered the same opportunities within the church as Jesse and Kelvin because she's a woman. In this capacity, she resents her family for being stuck in the past, and only wants an opportunity to stand on the stage with the rest of them on Sunday mornings."
Adam Devine (Modern Family) as Kelvin Gemstone, the youngest son of Eli and Amy Leigh. "The edgy one. He's caught in the middle of the giant personalities that are Jesse and Judy Gemstone and has branded himself an outsider to the church, feeling his methods are too hardcore for mainstream religion. Kelvin doesn't have bigger ambitions for the head seat at the table but focuses his efforts on the eradication of Satan and dark forces from everyday life."
The show also stars Cassidy Freeman, Tony Cavalero, Tim Baltz, and GregAlan Williams. No premiere date is yet set.


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Boynton Beach, Florida (CNN) - Freshman Republican Congressman Allen West clashed with an advocate for Muslim-American civil rights at a sometimes-rowdy town hall meeting Monday night.
The tense exchange drew boos from a standing room only, largely Republican crowd.
The confrontation came as West, an Iraq War veteran who was backed by the Tea Party in last November's election, took questions from constituents. Nezar Hamze, executive director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations in Miami, stepped to the microphone and accused West of making anti-Muslim comments in the past.FULL STORY
CAIR representatives have learned well the lessons taught by Alinsky, BHO, dems, NAACP, Al Qaeda et al; accuse people of racism/ bigotry and the "discussion' goes down the drain. It doesn't matter if there are any facts to back up the claim; only the seriousness of the accusation. But, that only works for the regressives (aka liberal progressives). Conservatives have tried it in the past and have been ignored even when facts back up the accusation such as when the Rockefeller memo outlining how the dems were going to destroy Bush was presented. The memo was never denied; just that umbrage was taken with how it was attained.


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Did you know that Opossums help our environment every day?
It's true! Opossums are excellent vermin vacuums! Each day they feast on cockroaches, rats, mice, snails, slugs, and they are immune to the venom of poisonous serpents, so they even eat rattlesnakes too!
Most importantly, it has been confirmed that Opossums can help remove and kill a large part of tick population! According to many recent studies, a single opossum might kill an astonishing 5,000 ticks in a week.
"Because many ticks try to feed on opossums and few of them survive the experience. Opossums are extraordinarily good groomers it turns out – we never would have thought that ahead of time – but they kill the vast majority – more than 95% percent of the ticks that try to feed on them. So, these opossums are walking around the forest floor, hoovering up ticks right and left, killing over 90% of these things, and so they are really protecting our health." – Ecologist, Rick Ostfeld
Next time you see Opossum crossing the road, TRY to NOT hit it! They are just doing their best to clean up the NASTY VERMIN out there!!!
We need something to help reduce the tick population and the spreading of Lyme Disease. These little guys are a part of the solution …. Plus they're super cute!
Photo Credit: http://eartheast.org/


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Over the years, I have gathered a lot of information on what products really work, and what products really weren't worth the hype, and money! I am now left with an Ikea unit full of half used bottles of every lotion and potion ever made.
Seen as how I have spent so much time testing out products, I decided to let you all in on what beauty buys I think are completely worth it, so that you do not get caught out buying into another beauty industry gimmick!
1. L'Oreal Paris Elnett Hairspray
I would say I have caused a hole in the Ozone layer, at the rate I go through hairsprays, but I have come to the conclusion that you get what you pay for in this case. Trust me, there have been days when I have been stuck, and grabbed the €2 hairsprays from the local supermarket, but if you are looking for a strong hold spray, that does not make your hair feel hard, or dry, this is the one for you. So easy to brush out, and leaves your hair looking natural but structured at the same time. I find the large bottle is best for value (I get mine in Terrisales Wholesalers for around €7) but I like to keep a small bottle with me in my handbag for those days when the wind decides to ruin your morning blow-dry!
2. Tangle Teezer
For any of you with extensions, this is a staple you just need to purchase. I know there are plenty of variations of the Tangle Teezer around now, but I picked mine up over a year ago in Boots, and have not gone a day without it. It is perfect for detangling your hair without damaging the bonds of your hair extensions, and also great for anyone who finds there hair hard to manage after washing it. They do great handbag sized ones now too, perfect for when you're on the go.
3. Oilatum Natural Repair Face Cream
I have the girls over at Pixiwoo to thank for this one, as about two years ago I bought this on their recommendation, and haven't looked back. It is perfect if you have dry or sensitive skin, and is free from fragrances, preservatives and emulsifiers (hence the "natural" name!) My skin can react to products with too much fragrance, and become irritated, but I find this calms the skin really well. As my skin has now levelled out, and become less dry, I only use this twice a week, when my skin needs some extra hydration.
4. Origins Drink Up Intensive Overnight Mask
If you are looking for a treatment to use once or twice a week, this is a great product. Again, for dry skin, it is a mask that you lather on to the skin and allow to dry in just before bed. By the morning, your skin will have absorbed the mask, and feel super soft and hydrated. My favourite thing about this face mask, is the smell. I can't even describe how nice it is, but it smells good enough to eat. It is a little on the pricey side, but considering you only use it weekly, you get plenty of mileage out of one tube.
5. La Roche Posay Lipikar Lipid Replenishing Body Milk
Another great product from a well trusted brand, La Roche Posay. This is your basic body lotion, perfect for slapping on after your shower, and suitable for normal to dry skin types. It absorbs quickly, and leaves the skin super hydrated. Nothing incredibly gimmicky about this one, just an all round great regular body moisturiser.
6 . Vaseline Spray and Go Body Moisturiser
I mentioned this spray on my Instagram a few weeks ago, and I feel it deserves a place in my favourites post. This is a light misty spray, that smells amazing, and drys in before you even finish spraying your whole body. I love to use this on days I am rushing off to work, and don't have time to allow a body lotion to sink in. It doesn't leave any grease or stickiness on the skin, so perfect when you need to throw your outfit on straight away. A new beauty favourite I can see myself using for a long time.
7. Cocoa Brown 1 Hour Tan
As I am pregnant, I have to make sure to chose the safest option of tanning, to protect my little one from any harmful sun rays. Since the day this tan went on the market, I have not been without at least one bottle of it in my beauty stash (I generally pick up two or three at a time, so that I never run out!) The 1 hour mousse smells gorgeous for a false tan, goes on instantly, and gets darker within the hour. I apply it with the tanning mit and have never been left with any streaks or patches. The bottle seems to last for ages, and gives the most natural brown glow to the skin (no tangerine legs here please!) It wears off really naturally, and does not dry out my skin in the process. I cannot recommend this tan highly enough!
8. SunFX Body Shimmer
Ok, so technically this is not a tanning product, but I use this alongside my tan, to prolong it, and to give your skin that shimmer and light to it. I am using this product since I studied Make Up back in 2008, and again, can vouch for the quality of it. It is packed with shea butter and macadamia oil, to get the most out of your false tan. Perfect for popping on to your legs before a night out, and also gives a great shimmer across the décolletage.
I hope you enjoyed this post, and you can find links to each of the products below.
Lots of love,
Product Links -


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The Artificial Intelligence Programme launched in May 2017 was the starting point for Finland's preparation for the era of artificial intelligence. Over the past two years specialists, opinion-leaders, entrepreneurs and organisations have taken determined action to promote the network's objectives, and the work continues. The 'Leading the way into the era of artificial intelligence' report envisions Finland in 2025 as an attractive and competitive country, and the most relevantly educated nation with well-informed and independent citizens.
In 2025, Finland may well be an exceptionally attractive and competitive country, which translates into financial wellbeing for everyone. Finnish companies show a growing interest in artificial intelligence, and it is used extensively in all sectors.
The advent of artificial intelligence has resulted in operational and efficiency improvements in companies, and enabled entirely new operating and business models. One of the key factors contributing to Finland's competitiveness and attraction is the close cooperation between the public and the private sector, which drives digitalisation and the utilisation of artificial intelligence.
In 2025, Finland will have more new jobs than were lost with the transition into the era of artificial intelligence. Work will be more meaningful, and citizens will have more leisure time.
AI will also affect education. In this sector, the reform of lifelong learning plays a key role, effectively responding to the continuing professional education needs. Citizens in the AI-driven Finland will have a higher level of education, and education is more efficient and produces better results. A wide range of supplementary training services and opportunities will also be available.
In AI-driven Finland, technologies have been developed and introduced so that they support the work and capabilities of individual citizens and professionals. Determined action is taken in the public sector to develop services enabled by artificial intelligence. In 2025, Finland will have well-informed and independent citizens who actively engage in discussions concerning artificial intelligence and the development and application of technology.
What action has been taken in Finland to promote artificial intelligence over the past two years, and what were the lessons learned? The entire 'Leading the way into the era of artificial intelligence' report is available here.


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About this Yacht
Luxury and design combined to perfection.
When we do something, we do it well. Really well. Our S-Line is focused on the things that make motor yachting so much fun: high-powered sailing that's also safe and economical, combined with outstanding comfort above and below deck. In short, everything you need for a perfect day aboard a BAVARIA S-Line yacht. Welcome on board.
Yacht Specs
Length Overall:
Hull Length:
Hull Beam:
Light Displacement:
14579 lbs (OPEN)
Fuel Capacity:
137 gal
Water Capacity:
66 gal
Interested in this yacht?
* This price is based on today's conversion rate


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This study aimed to assess how changes in physical activity over 22 years were related to subsequent death from all causes and cardiovascular disease.
London: Sedentary lifestyle for 20 years is associated with a two times risk of premature death as compared to those who lead a healthy life, according to a new study.
"Our findings imply that to get the maximum health benefits of physical activity in terms of protection against premature all-cause and cardiovascular death, you need to continue being physically active," said the study's author Trine Moholdt from the Norwegian University.
This study aimed to assess how changes in physical activity over 22 years were related to subsequent death from all causes and cardiovascular disease. The HUNT study invited all residents of Norway aged 20 and older to participate in 1984-1986, 1995-1997 and 2006-2008.
At all three time points, individuals were asked about their frequency and duration of leisure-time physical activity. The current study used the data from the first and third surveys. A total of 23,146 men and women were included in the analysis. Physical activity was categorised as inactive, moderate — less than two hours a week and high — two or more hours per week.
Physical activity data were linked to information on deaths until the end of 2013 using the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. The risk of death in each physical activity group was compared to the reference group — those who reported a high level of exercise during both surveys.
Compared to the reference group, people who were inactive in both 1984-1986 and 2006-2008 had a 2-fold higher likelihood of all-cause death and 2.7-fold greater risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.
Those with moderate activity at both time points had 60 per cent and 90 per cent raised risks of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths, respectively, compared to the reference group.
"Our data indicate that you can compensate for a previously inactive lifestyle and the sooner you get active, the sooner you will see positive results," said Moholdt. The study was presented at the ESC Congress 2019 in Paris.


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Climate services for sustainable development
Editors: Editors: Mannava Sivakumar, Pierre Bessemoulin, Thomas Peterson, Ghassem Asrar
CR SPECIAL 25 presents results of the Technical Conference on 'Changing Climate and Demands for Climate Services for Sustainable Development', held in Antalya, Turkey, in February 2010, with sponsorship by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) and Météo-France.
We are pleased to make the online version of this CR SPECIAL available with Open Access.
Jarraud M
Full text in pdf format
Sivakumar M, Bessemoulin P, Peterson TC, Asrar G
Preface: Changing climate and demands for sustainable development
CR 47:3-4 | Full text in pdf format
Srinivasan G, Rafisura KM, Subbiah AR
Climate information requirements for community-level risk management and adaptation
CR 47:5-12 | Full text in pdf format
Stuber D, Mhanda A, Lefebvre C
Climate Data Management Systems: status of implementation in developing countries
CR 47:13-20 | Full text in pdf format
Peterson TC, Baddour O
Towards an enhanced climate system monitoring: challenges and perspectives
CR 47:21-28 | Full text in pdf format
Brunet M, Jones P
Data rescue initiatives: bringing historical climate data into the 21st century
CR 47:29-40 | Full text in pdf format
Martínez Güingla R
Building sustainable regional climate information systems
CR 47:41-45 | Full text in pdf format
Graham RJ, Yun WT, Kim J, Kumar A, Jones D, Bettio L, Gagnon N, Kolli RK, Smith D
Long-range forecasting and the Global Framework for Climate Services
CR 47:47-55 | Full text in pdf format
Lamb PJ, Timmer RP, Lélé MI
Professional development for providers of seasonal climate prediction
CR 47:57-75 | Full text in pdf format
Wang S, Zhang Z
Effects of climate change on water resources in China
CR 47:77-82 | Full text in pdf format
Lu X
Provision of climate information for adaptation to climate change
CR 47:83-94 | Full text in pdf format
Selvaraju R, Gommes R, Bernardi M
Climate science in support of sustainable agriculture and food security
CR 47:95-110 | Full text in pdf format
Scott DJ, Lemieux CJ, Malone L
Climate services to support sustainable tourism and adaptation to climate change
CR 47:111-122 | Full text in pdf format
Trenberth KE
Changes in precipitation with climate change
CR 47:123-138 | Full text in pdf format
Griggs DJ, Kestin TS
AS we see it: Bridging the gap between climate scientists and decision makers
CR 47:139-144 | Full text in pdf format
Semazzi FHM
Framework for climate services in developing countries
CR 47:145-150 | Full text in pdf format


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16 results, sorted by
Climate action Green federal securities
Climate action is a priority. To boost sustainability in financial markets too, the German government is issuing Green German Federal Securities. This will inject momentum into the sustainable bond market as a whole.
ECOFIN G5 statement on global minimum effective taxation
At the informal ECOFIN meeting in Prague, the finance ministers of France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany issued a joint statement on a global minimum effective level of taxation.
g7-presidency Statement of the G7 Finance Ministers
On 2 September 2022 the G7 finance ministers issued a joint statement on the extension to the G7 of the services ban related to the export of Russian oil and petroleum products in combination with a price cap.
Financial markets Stepping up the fight against financial crime
We must ensure that financial crime has no future in Germany. With the aim of effectively fighting financial crime and vigorously enforcing sanctions, we will bundle key competencies under one roof. We will also train the best financial investigators, and we will drive forward digitalisation and connectivity.
Ukraine Germany provides €1bn in financial assistance to Ukraine
Only one month after the G7 pledged to provide Ukraine with extensive budgetary assistance, Germany is disbursing its contribution of €1bn. "Ukraine needs this financial support to maintain its ability to act", Christian Lindner said in his statement.
g7-presidency G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors´ Petersberg Communiqué
The G7 finance ministers and central bank governors released a joint communiqué following their meeting on 20 May.
g7-presidency Isolate Russia economically, counteract the effects of its war of aggression against Ukraine
On 20 April 2022, the G7 finance ministers and central bank governors met for the second time under Germany's G7 presidency. The meeting was held on the sidelines of the IMF spring meeting in Washington, D.C. During their talks, the G7 members focused on the state of the global economy in light of the war in Ukraine. Afterwards they published a joint statement.
g7-presidency G7 reaffirms its decisive course of action
The first meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors under Germany's G7 presidency took place in a virtual format on 1 March 2022.
G20 Christian Lindner after the meeting of G20 finance ministers
Federal Finance Minister Christian Lindner comments on the global economy, the international financial architecture and support for developing and emerging economies. In Lindner's words: the global economy is back on a path towards growth. We must now solidify the recovery and facilitate the transition back to normality. To do this, it is crucial to ensure global financial stability.
g7-presidency G7 Finance Ministers' Statement on Ukraine


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Functional Training Equipment
Functional training equipment, allows you to workout harder and longer, training flexibility, helping reduce the likelihood of injury and improving your day-to-day performance.
Functional training equipment redefines performance
Functional training equipment have long been an invaluable piece of equipment for personal trainers, but they have more recently become a popular and effective addition to gyms as well. Functional fitness equipment are available in a number of different forms, encouraging optimized training for a wide range of aspirations and goals while improving everyday wellness.
Functional training equipment engineered for Excellence
Technogym Functional training equipment is designed on three main pillars:
Selected functional fitness training equipment allows users and trainers to track performance using our MyWellness cloud-based platform, so you can see immediate improvement as it happens, as well as providing visualization of how your work is helping you achieve your ideal fitness goals.
For an advanced muscle workout, plate loaded gym equipment from Technogym offers unparalleled levels of safety and comfort, all while delivering impressive results. Plate loaded equipment such as selectorised curl and press machines are among the most effective strength building machines and perfectly complement strength workouts that require upper body training equipment.
Ergonomically engineered plate loaded gym equipment
Each piece of plate loaded gym equipment has been ergonomically engineered using the highest standards in biomechanics to provide the best possible strength workout. We provide a variety of plate loaded for you to choose from, whether you are looking for equipment to build-up or tone muscles in the upper body, core or legs - with each piece expertly designed to give the best results.
Comfort & stability plate loaded gym equipment
Our range of plate loaded gym equipment includes useful innovations that provide better training sessions, including our Bodyprint system that moulds to the shape of the user to provide maximum comfort and stability while training. On our leg curl products, you'll also find an optimal resistance profile on our equipment, which increases as the legs move to full extension, meaning users get additional benefits from each workout without having to push harder.
Lasting Quality & plate loaded gym equipment
Technogym have proudly been the official providers of plate loaded gym equipment to the Olympic and Paralympic Games for the past two decades, so you are guaranteed to buy equipment that has helped train some of the world's finest athletes. Technogym also offer worldwide support for our plate loaded gym equipment, so you can be sure that they stay the best in their field for the longest possible.
Our dumbbells, kettlebells and free weights are the perfect addition to our weight benches and racks, or make an excellent starting place for setting up your own home gym along with our fitness accessories. Available in a selection of sizes, the gym weights are accessible to people of all ability levels, whether you are a beginner or you are training for the Olympic Games.
Free weights evolutionary feedback
Free weights, dumbbells and kettlebells are paramount to a good strength workout. As the proud official supplier of fitness equipment to the Olympic and Paralympic Games for the past 20 years, our dumbbells and kettlebells have helped shape some of the world's finest athletes, with all our experience going into everything we create.
Free weights designed for safety
As with all of our products, our free weights, dumbbells and kettlebells were designed with safety in mind, which is why a combination of a polymerisation process and welding the handle to the masses allows for all of our dumbbells to come as one piece, to prevent the danger of any give or play.
Free weights - beautiful and effective
Our chromed dumbbells mean that your free weight is better protected and will last for longer, allowing you to get the most from your workout and making your gym weight work harder for you.
All this is managed while creating a sleek, modern design that does not look out of place in the home. You can also be certain that our free weights, dumbbells and kettlebells meet the highest professional standards.


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Since our founding in 2013 we have successfully organised many fundraising events for our supporters. Click on the posters below to read more about each event that has taken place to date, and up coming one's we have planned for the future!
Helping those living with diabetes in India to live a full and constructive life


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- According to Yachdus, the Mishpocha newspaper has reported that Rav Kanievsky has (now?) dismissed the dybbuk as merely being someone with mental problems. See there.
- On the Main Line on an earlier fish story, which preceded the Monsey talking fish.
- Life In Israel about flipping the switch after a conversion, and a giyoret who distanced herself from her son:
A young man writes to Rav Cherlo that his family was not Jewish and his parents divorced a few years ago. His mother moved to Bnei Brak to be near her work. Over time she became closer to Judaism and eventually converted. Now, he says, she has become haredi.... Since her transformation, his life has become very difficult. She tells him because she converted he is not her kid, she cannot hug him and touch him, he cannot touch the dishes lest he defile them, she threatens to throw him out of the house, since he is not her son anyway (because she is a convert).
- More on the lawsuit between the North Face and the South Butt.
- Yeranen Yaakov sent this one to me. A conference regarding Jewish Aggadah stories -- facts or allegories:
(IsraelNN.com) The Lander Academic Institute and Bar Ilan University held a two day conference focusing on the traditional Agadah Rabbinic literature. Arutz Sheva TV attended the event and spoke with Prof. Carmi Horowitz, Lander Institute's rector.
- Emes veEmunah on bloggers vs. doers.
- The Yeshiva World with a transcription of a radio program exchange between a proponent and opponent of mehadrin bus lines.
- In the Jewish Star, Rabbi Avi Billet about midwives of the Hebrews, which discusses several meforshim who maintain that the midwives were Egyptians. In my post which touched on the subject, in the comments, I mentioned Abarbanel and Shadal. He also mentions Kli Yakar, Malbim, and Josephus. (Indeed, Shadal mentions others maintaining this, IIRC.)
- My post roundup for parashat Bo.
- Coverage of the guy wearing tefillin on the plane. Given that they didn't know what tefillin were, I would say they acted appropriately.
Thursday, January 21, 2010
Interesting Posts and Articles #249
Posted by joshwaxman at 3:19 PM BlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook
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The holiday season, which unofficially starts with Halloween and ends on New Year's Day, is upon us once again with temptations to put inhibitions aside and to eat and drink to our hearts' content. However, while reckless indulgence in sweet treats seems harmless – you'll work the extra calories off in the New Year – these indulgences come with a number of potential health risks including dental because many of these sweet and savory delights can do some serious damage to your teeth.
At Oxford Dental Office in Edmonton, our dentists understand these seasonal challenges and, as part of our commitment to deliver the highest standards of dentistry and exceptional patient care, we've pulled together this list of some of the best and worse holiday foods for your teeth.
The best foods for your teeth include:
- Milk and Egg Yolks – both are high in calcium and vitamin D, two components you need to keep your teeth strong.
- Cheese and Yogurt – as milk byproducts, they both contain calcium and phosphorus which can protect your enamel. And cheese has casein, which can also strengthen enamel.
- Meat and Tofu – proteins are good sources of phosphorus, which works with calcium to produce strong teeth.
- Leafy Vegetables – are all great ways to get the minerals you need while keeping your plate vegetarian.
- Crunchy Vegetables – stimulate the flow of saliva, and as you chew, they scrub the surface of your teeth.
- Apples – their texture will scrub away plaque and they can also freshen your breath.
- Nuts – contain a lot of essential nutrients such as magnesium and iron, and they supply a healthy dose of calcium to help keep your teeth strong.
- Sugar-Free Gum – increases salivary flow and can wash away the acids produced by the bacteria in your mouth. Xylitol can actually prevent cavities and cleans teeth after a meal.
On the flip side, there is an extensive list of holiday foods and drinks that dentists won't touch, including:
- Candy Canes – are packed with sugar and can also cause chipped or broken teeth.
- Dried Fruit – similar to sticky candy, they contain a great deal of sugar, and when chewed, the sticky pieces get wedged between your teeth.
- Popcorn – the kernels can easily get lodged between your teeth and gum line, allowing bacteria to build up and do its damage. Flavored types of popcorn contain a lot of sticky sugar that could damage your teeth.
- Stuffing – is high starch content, which is then converted to sugar that will stick to your teeth.
- Alcohol – makes the mouth very dry, which then creates an environment prime for gum disease, tooth decay, and bad breath. Red, white, and rosé wine can all weaken and stain the surface of your teeth.
- Coffee – causes reduced salivary flow, where sugar and food can remain on the teeth and gums leading to an increased risk of problems.
- Soda – is neither good for your body nor your teeth – its acids, carbonation, and sugars wreak havoc and contribute to tooth decay. The same effects apply to diet sodas.
By knowing which foods to eat you can avoid an emergency visit to the dentist this holiday, and to be on the safe side, once the holiday season is over, schedule teeth cleaning at Oxford Dental to make sure you start the New Year with a healthy mouth and smile. Contact us today at 780-456-7009 to book an appointment with your family dentist in Edmonton North.


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Long distance relationships are always difficult, with couples failing to keep in touch, communication inevitably breaks down " out of sight out of mind. Like Crazy is an art house and ˜stylishly' made film that tries to test the distance theory. When two people are so deeply in love and devoted to each other, breaking the bond is difficult; oh how naive can one be. And so what now follows is 90 minutes of depression, cluelessness, an emotional rollercoaster.
Brit, Anna (Felicity Jones) is currently living and studying in California, thousands of miles away from her parents, friends and her life in London. From the beginning we are shown that she has caught the eye of a Teaching Assistant Jacob (Anton Yelchin) and is obviously interested in him too. First contact " a sly note under his window wiper, leading to a phone call. And so it begins " the audience watch as the pair awkwardly try to get to know each other. One word to take complete notice of here is awkward, the cringe worthiness of their first moments together made me want to leave the cinema; however I am persistent.
After an intense few months of the honeymoon period, the couple soon realise they have to face the impending situation of summer break. In which she will go back to London to work and attend her sister's wedding, then return to be with her beloved. 2 months is all they have to wait; however the day before leaving the US she intelligently decides to overstay her visa. Only returning to the homeland for the wedding. Anna, when finally travelling back to California, is detained in the airport for violating the terms on her student visa " the consequence, deportation and a ban on returning.
The rest of the film looks at the struggle they go through over the course of four years, as the characters are seen falling in and out of love with each other. One word to describe this film " turbulent. After getting over the awkwardness in the beginning between Anna and Jacob, they decide to seewho can ignore and hurt each other the most. Then switching to try and get one another's attention again. I felt fed up with the pair of them, with one friend commenting that she felt she had just gone through a breakup. I can only imagine the audience (2 other people) felt the same.
Felicity Jones, whilst being natural seemed like she was just being herself and getting paid for it. No effort was put into getting to know Anna and there was nothing going on below the awkward surface. Anton Yelchin is definitely the only one out of the pair with blossoming talent. Experience counts for a lot and having previously starred alongside Colin Farrell he has this; as well as a rough idea of what he is actually doing.


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Ryobi P411 One+ Cordless Battery orbital sander
|Product Name:
|Ryobi P411 One+ 18 Volt 5 Inch Cordless Battery Operated Random Orbit Power Sander
|3 pounds
|Power Source:
|Battery powered
|cordless battery operated, rubber over-grip, dust bag, battery not included
This Ryobi cordless sander is a battery-operated device so there is no mains cord required. This is great if you are working in an area where there is no mains plug socket to attach to, or if you are in a location where you need maximum maneuverability – for example, working from up a ladder or outside.
The Ryobi random orbital sander is very impressive considering that it is battery-powered and cable-free – it still puts out an impressive 10,000 OPM when the sanding pad is spinning freely and it certainly does a good job when sanding. Perhaps not quite as powerful as other mains-powered orbital sanders, but still very impressive considering it takes its power from a battery – enough to make it onto our best orbital sander list.
- 3.0-amp motor of the orbital sander spins the...
- Separate counterweight design of the hand...
- HIGH PERFORMANCE ORBIT SANDER - 2.0 Amp...
- HIGH EFFICIENCY - Delivers 12000 OPM (orbits...
Cordless power: compatible with the Ryobi One+ battery system
This particular unit does not come with the battery, it is just the base sanding unit and you will need to purchase the Ryobi One+ battery system alongside the device. This battery is available here from Amazon and also from most hardware stores.
It may seem strange for an orbital sander to come without a battery but when you understand the Ryobi way of doing things it makes complete sense. With Ryobi power tools they all use the global Ryobi One+ battery system which means that batteries are compatible across all power tools. This is a great way of keeping the cost of their power tools down because if you are a loyal customer you only need to purchase one or two batteries and they can be used with all your Ryobi tools. This makes far more sense than having 5 batteries spread across your 5 Ryobi power tools and rather allows you to have two batteries regardless of how many devices you own. This allows you to have one battery charging and one in use at all times.
- 3.0-amp motor of the orbital sander spins the...
- Separate counterweight design of the hand...
- HIGH PERFORMANCE ORBIT SANDER - 2.0 Amp...
- HIGH EFFICIENCY - Delivers 12000 OPM (orbits...
- 3.0-amp motor of the orbital sander spins the...
- Shorter height of the hand sander allows the...
Sanding pads included
The Ryobi orbital sander comes with pads so that you are ready to start sanding as soon as you unpack the device – the pads use the common hook and loop system for easy attaching to the device as well as easy removal and replacement if the pads become worn.
Package Contents
- Ryobi random orbital sander (P411 One+ cordless orbital sander)
- Dust collection attachment
- Sanding pads x 3
Additional Information
- Does not come with a battery – must be purchased separately
- The device is compatible with all Ryobi One+ battery packs
- 7.3 x 7.6 x 7.4 in
Get Prices


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Layoffs Watch '13: Barclays
New CEO Antony Jenkins has apparently been reading the Tarot cards on Barclays and what they're telling him is the bank is about to have 40,000 fewer employees.
In meetings with shareholders of the bank, Mr Jenkins has said that he saw a future in which the bank employed 100,000 staff, Sky News has reported. Barclays currently hires roughly 140,000 people.


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Mike Sager
CTO, CISO, EMILY's List
Mike Sager is the Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Security Officer for EMILY's List, overseeing technology infrastructure, cybersecurity, data, and software development.
Most recently, Mike led analytics software development at Burson-Marsteller. Previously, Mike had served as the Political Technology Director at the AFL-CIO during the 2012 election cycle, designed Digital products at NGP VAN, and administered the DNC national voter file software during the 2008 cycle.
Mike lives in Alexandria, VA with his wife, daughters, and dog. Mike is an amateur chef, jangle pop guitarist, and a diehard fan of both the Washington Nationals and the band The National.


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PUBLIC SAFETY FACILITY —Detectives released a composite sketch Monday of the man suspected of opening fire at three women north of Montana avenue, wounding two of them.
The women were standing behind an apartment building Friday night on San Vicente Boulevard near Palisades Park when they were approached by a gunman in a black-hooded sweatshirt. He fired several shots at them and fled on foot.
Two doctors were in the area and rushed to the aid of two of the wounded and cared for them until paramedics arrived and took them to area hospitals. The injuries were described as non-life threatening.
Investigators described an "unknown" gunman in his mid 20s, 5-feet, 7-inches to 6 feet tall, and approximately 180 pounds. Later, police said their preliminary investigation indicated the victims may have been specifically targeted as a result of "previous incidents in which they were involved."
Lt. Daniel Salerno said they would not discuss those incidents because of the ongoing investigation.
Anyone with additional information is encouraged to call the SMPD detectives at (310) 458-8451 or the watch commander at (310) 458-8427 (24 hours). Anyone wishing to remain anonymous may call the SMPD Tip Line at (310) 458-8449.