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Panasonic TX-P55VT65 Review
- Page 1 Panasonic TX-P55VT65 Review
- Page 2 Picture Quality Review
- Page 3 3D, Audio and Conclusions Review
- Stunning picture quality
- Excellent interface
- Exceptional set up flexibility
- Noticeable fan noise
- Viera Connect lacks a few key video streaming services
- 3D images lack brightness
Key Specifications
- Review Price: £1950.00
- 55-inch plasma TV
- Active 3D playback (2 pairs of glasses included)
- Smart TV system with Viera Connect online features
- My Home Screen Interface
- High-end plasma panel design with premium filtering technology
What is the Panasonic TX-P55VT65?
The Panasonic P55VT65 is a 55-inch TV from what would have been Panasonic's flagship plasma series if the brand hadn't gone a bit mad – in a good way – and launched the P60ZT65. It thus boasts a high-end plasma filter; a huge contrast range; extensive Smart TV features and picture calibration aids; 3D playback; and the endorsement of the independent THX 'quality assurance' group. If Panasonic's record with Plasma TVs is anything to go by, we're in for a treat.
SEE ALSO: Top 10 best TVs round-up
Panasonic TX-P55VT65: Design and Features
Plasma traditionally struggles to compete with LCD technology aesthetically. Mostly because it's impossible to support a heavy plasma panel in the sort of barely-there screen frames routinely wrapped around LCD TVs these days. But the Panasonic P55VT65 at least has a stab at looking good thanks to its use of a 'single layer' fascia, its silver outer trim and a surprisingly glamorous and open-looking metal stand that cunningly disguises the fact that the P55VT65 weighs a tonne by modern TV standards.
It's a shame then that, as with other Panasonic TVs this year, the Panasonic P55VT65 has a disappointment in store with its connections, only providing three HDMIs rather than the four we'd hope to see on any ambitious TV these days.
The connectivity improves with the discovery of twin tuners for both Freesat and Freeview HD, making it possible to watch one programme on a connected Smart device and a different one on the main TV screen.
Its multimedia connections are good, too. For starters there are USBs you can use for either recording from the TV to USB hard drives or playing photo, video and music files from USB storage devices. But also you get both LAN and built-in Wi-Fi support for streaming files from DLNA PCs and accessing Panasonic's online Viera Connect platform.
There's much to admire about Viera Connect, such as its clear, pretty interface and intuitive content finding tools. The set works very well with Panasonic's excellent Viera Remote 2 app for iOS and Android devices too, and there's enough content around to make things look busy.
However, there's no denying that the platform could still do with a few more of the UK's key video streaming services – LoveFilm, the ITV Player, 4OD and Demand 5 are particularly noticeable by their absence.
The star of the P55VT65's smart TV show has to be its new My Home Screen interface. This multi-hub systems does a cracking job of simplifying access to your favourite content – especially as you and other members of your household can easily set up your own personal home hubs containing links to only the content you love. For a much more detailed look at My Home Screen, check out our previous feature.
The P55VT65's picture setup menus are comprehensive, with full colour, gamma and white balance management toolsets and an unusually long suite of impressively useful picture presets. These include two THX modes that deliver great results for movies and two slots an Imaging Science Foundation (ISF) expert could use for calibrating image settings designed to suit your room conditions.
The THX modes are there, of course, because the TV has passed the rigorous image quality performance criteria – for 3D as well as 2D – demanded by George Lucas's independent quality assurance organisation.
At the P55VT65's heart is one of Panasonic's latest NeoPlasma Black 3000 plasma panels, with their 300Hz Focused Field Drive technology for improved image stability and motion handling. It also uses Panasonic's Infinite Black Ultra high-contrast technology and a superior contrast filter to that found in the step down GT60 series, and has enough power in its Hexa-Processing Engine to deliver an impressive 30,000 steps of gradation.
One final feature of the P55VT65 worth highlighting is its use of front-firing speakers – supported by a rear-mounted woofer. Propelling the sound straight out of the screen rather than downwards like most TVs do should help soundtracks sound much more potent and clear.
Panasonic TX-P55VT65: Set Up
There are a few basic rules of thumb to follow if you want to get the best out of the Panasonic P55VT65. First, avoid the far too aggressive Dynamic picture preset, at least when watching 2D. You should also turn off the Eco mode that adjusts the picture in relation to the brightness of the room you're in, and you should treat the set's noise reduction routines with suspicion, leaving them off entirely with HD footage.
The Intelligent Frame Creation motion interpolation system on the TV should also be handled with care, as if you use it on too high a level it can make pictures look processed and unnatural – especially when watching Blu-rays. However, you might find you need to use the IFC processing on its lowest level, as this helps remove/reduce some dot fizzing noise over moving skin tones.
Aside from these points the Panasonic P55VT65 can be as easy or as hard to set up as you like, depending on whether you're happy to stick with the well-conceived THX presets for dark-room movie viewing and a slightly subdued take on the Standard mode for daytime TV viewing, or whether you want to get involved with the immensely flexible picture adjustments.
How we test televisions
We test every TV we review thoroughly over an extended period of time. We use industry standard tests to compare features properly. We'll always tell you what we find. We never, ever, accept money to review a product.


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If you have decided to opt for some reliable and effective beauty procedures, there are some important criteria that you need to focus on. First of all, it is necessary to opt for a clinic that has highly experienced and qualified doctors who can provide you with all kinds of cosmetic treatments. Just like you, they don't want for their skin to show any sign of aging and for that, they can turn to the benefits of opting for Botox Canary Wharf services. For instance, if you suffer from a certain skin disease, they must be able to diagnose the root of that disease and in addition to this, they must provide you with efficient treatment accordingly.
Second of all, it is recommendable to select a Skin Clinic Canary Wharf that specializes in numerous effective cosmetic procedures. For example, if you want to find an efficient way of removing your body hair, you should be provided with multiple treatment options, besides the laser hair removal; to be more specific, it is very important find a treatment that you are very comfortable with. And last but not least, always look for a clinic that uses only modern and effective equipment. For ensuring client with the best Botox Canary Wharf services, for instance, the clinic must use the latest procedures and tools.
To conclude with, when it comes to health or aesthetic problems, you need to make sure you're opting for the right specialists. Luckily, there is a plethora of noninvasive techniques and procedures that can diminish or alleviate the skin problems we are dealing with. Clinic treatments include the following procedures: waxing, facials, permanent makeup application, among others. With so many skin clinic professionals out there, selecting the right one can be a daunting task and for that reason, it is important to filter the options according to their qualifications, years of experience in the field, how the clinic looks, equipment used and how they treat each patient.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two Rivers man gets three years in prison for attempted armed robbery
MANITOWOC – A 24-year-old Two Rivers man was sentenced to more than three years in state prison, followed by five years of extended supervision, for his part in an attempted robbery of a Two Rivers apartment in December.
Javontay Rogers appeared at a sentencing hearing in Manitowoc County Circuit Court Sept. 13 after being found guilty of attempted armed robbery with use of force.
Rogers, along with Ashley Monroy, 30, entered an apartment on Seventh Street in Two Rivers Dec. 18, 2017, in an attempt to rob the occupants.
According to the criminal complaint, Rogers used a fake gun to intimidate and strike one of the occupants. Monroy had a knife and stabbed one of the occupants, while Rogers threatened to shoot both of them.
OTHER NEWS: Manitowoc police shooting: Wisconsin DOJ identifies officer, suspect who was killed
OTHER NEWS: Manitowoc man leads deputies on chase with flat tires, apprehended in corn field
Two Rivers police officers arrived at the apartment at 7:30 p.m., but Rogers and Monroy were no longer there. They were both arrested during a traffic stop on Monroe Street a short time later.
Rogers was also sentenced to 18 months in state prison and 18 months of extended supervision, concurrent with his previous sentence, for battery by prisoners, a charge filed against him in January.
In July, Monroy was sentenced to three years in state prison, followed by four years of extended supervision, for her part in the attempted robbery.
Manitowoc council rejects Meijer TIF, declares Canadian National Peninsula blighted
Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center adds café, Burger Boat in contest, car wash has new owners
Manitowoc Chamber Notebook: Berkshire Hathaway real estate agency opens downtown


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The most famous and most photographed beaches on the island of Crete, known for their exotic water and majestic natural environment, are the heavenly lagoons of Balos at Gramvousa peninsula and Elafonissi, which lie in the southwestern edge of the island. Between them, lies the virgin beaches of ancient Falassarna. For those looking for seclusion, there is the hidden paradise of Kedrodasos and White Lake near Elafonissi and the African seascapes of Agiannis and Lavrakas on Gavdos island.
#BeachAttributesOur rating1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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#BeachAttributesOur rating61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
#BeachAttributesOur rating81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 Gavdos island92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Vatalos is located 80km southeast of Chania, 1.5km west of Fragokastelo beach. Most of Fragokastelo hotels and rooms to let are located in the area of Vatalos, which is a flat area with fertile fileds and amazing views to the south slopes of White Mountains.
If you head east of Fylaki beach, you will soon (100m only) reach the exit of the Sfakiano Gorge, with a nice pebbly beach formed. The area is called Plakakia and hosts some of the most spectacular beaches in Crete, formed on small narrow fjords. Indeed, some of them are formed inside small caves! There is a tricky dirt road leading close to the beach.
"Tou Meri to Pigadi" is located 8km northwest of Kissamos and 44km west of Chania, on the eastern side of Cape Gramvousa. The name means "Meri's well", probably named after the name of someone, who owned a well.
Kalivaki is the westernmost beach of Georgioupolis bay, located 38km east of Chania and 21km west of Rethymnon, near the exit of Almyros river which has water all year round lies the nice beach of Kalivaki. It is a beautiful sandy beach and water, due to the rivers is very cold.
The beach that stands out from all of the west side of Gavdos is Diana. Diana is actually the second southernmost beach in Europe, after Tripiti which is located a few meters to the southeast. The beach stands out from the rest as it is less rocky, has small pebbles and has a massive rock below which you can find shade all day.
On the E4 European trail that connects Sougia and Paleochora we meet the astonishing tiny beach of Astropelekita. We meet this beach to the east of Plaka stony cape and before starting ascending to Flomos Cape for reaching Lissos. This cove is a great chance to have a cooling bath while hiking the E4 trail.
The beach can be mainly accessed by boat, as it is hard to find the beach in the complicated dirt road network of the area. The beach is surrounded by low vegetation.
The beach of Agios Antonios (Saint Anthony) is located in a quiet bay, 2.5km east of Sougia and 68km west of Chania, in one of the most remote places on Crete. The surrounding area is called Charéi, thus you might hear many locals calling that like this.


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Cappuccino is an espresso (an extraction made from coffee beans) that is prepared with steamed milk and foam. It has the creamy texture and a strong bitter taste of a solid coffee brew that will spice up your morning. Cappuccino is a popular drink these days.
That's why you will come across coffee shops at every corner of the city. Since most people don't have the necessary equipment needed to prepare it at their homes, there are other ways on how you can achieve that.
To prepare it you'll need to have an espresso machine. You can change the amount of foam or steamed milk you have just to make the drink the way you want it.
- Espresso maker
- Coffee mug
- Milk
- Coffee ground
- A glass
- A teaspoon
Step By Step Procedure of Making Cappuccino
Grind your Bean
Is there any better way to make a perfect cappuccino than putting your beans into the brew? This process of preparing cappuccino starts by grinding the coffee beans to make enough espresso that can fill one glass.
If you are making a serving cappuccino, make sure you grind enough beans so as to make a 1-ounce espresso shot. But if you are planning on preparing a cappuccino for two, step up your measurements to make enough for 2 shots.
Make your Espresso
Settings may vary with regard to the model of your espresso machine. But to make a cappuccino for yourself, prepare the espresso and then wait for the machine to dispense coffee into the glass.
If the machine already has a foamer, wait for it (the espresso) to finish prior to moving to the next phase. But if the cappuccino maker does not have a foaming milk function, prepare the milk as the espresso brews.
Get the Milk Ready
Foaming the milk can be done either using the espresso machine's built-in frother or by an external milk frother. They all serve the same purpose.
In either way, you'll want to froth the milk enough to make the thick foam and not just light bubble froth. To achieve this, dip the edge of the frother into the milk's surface and make sure it does not touch the bottom of your container.
Move the steam wand up & away from its surface immediately you start frothing the milk. This will encourage the thickening of froth.
Combine Coffee with the Milk
As soon as the espresso is done with brewing, pour it into a clean mug. Take your steamed milk and then pour the liquid part into your mug with an espresso. Once you have poured enough of the liquid to fill up the mug to half, scoop the froth from the milk using a teaspoon.
Always make sure you get rid of all the liquid milk that might be on your teaspoon and then add the froth on the prepared surface of the coffee & milk combination. If there is room yet left in the mug, you can pour the remaining milk into the mug until it is full to the lip.
Add Little Sugar to Taste
If you prefer bitter cappuccino, you can take it the way it is. But if you would like to add sweetness to the brew, at most 2 teaspoons of sugar can work just fine.
Some individuals prefer adding chocolate syrup or coffee powder or just sprinkles into the concoction. So depending on your choice and preference, all these additions can make a great cappuccino.
Always remember that the true nature of a perfect cappuccino lies in the way you combine its key ingredients.
Preparing a cappuccino shot can be quite easy. So what are you waiting for? Make your coffee concoction with the espresso machine and enjoy a perfect and delicious cappuccino right in the comfort of your house.


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How good a driver are you?
So, (from my last post) you've considered some of the hazards your health and the vehicle present for you but, where do you start analyzing your thinking when it comes to actually driving?
Whether you're going to the grocery store or right across the continent, there are certain things you should consider before moving. On the route you intend to travel, are there any things to consider? How about the weather, construction, road conditions, visibility (including dirty windows and sunglasses), what clothing you are wearing now and what you might need coming back, special events, school zones, traffic, and the list goes on. I'm sure you're smart enough to think up others.
Pre-planning! You know, you can't predict what is going to happen while on your trip. If you have to step out of the vehicle in traffic, are you going to be visible to others? A tear-away safety vest shoved down a door compartment can make quite a difference but, only if you have one and use it. Do you have any kind of a safety kit you could use if it becomes necessary?
A few years ago, not so far from me, there was a tanker (tractor-trailer) that was involved in a winter multi-lane highway crash between two small towns. It burst into flames. A number of other vehicles burned with it and unfortunately, there were two deaths. There is one big danger in any crash you need to avoid. Stay inside your vehicle until all traffic has come to a complete stop.
The fire and the deaths were only a part of the problem. I was told by a number of transport drivers at the time that, for whatever reason, the police would not allow people in stopped traffic, access to anything. I did ask and I've never found any official who would explain it. Their response was always an embarrassing silence.
Check out the video of the crash
This is how I recall the incident:
Picture this! A four-lane major highway stopped in both directions for several km/miles (to the first exits) on either side of the collision. In each direction, approaching the scene is trapped traffic filling all lanes and, across the median is a totally empty highway. Large vehicles could not turn around. The police arranged for lunch trucks, water supplies, portable toilets, etc. to go to the collision scene to supply the first responders. They WOULD NOT allow those service vehicles to assist any members of the public trapped in their vehicles some, for over 24 hours. Local businesses delivered free pizzas, bottled water, etc, to overpasses and had to lower them down the banks because police would not allow them to go down onto the highway. Trapped people had to walk for miles to get anything at all. Meanwhile, lunch trucks kept passing on the clear side to and from the crash scene. You never know what you might be facing. Make some preparations ahead of time. (water, food, first aid, toilet, seasonal clothing, gloves, jumper cables, tow rope, and so on.)
We still haven't moved out of the yard. What else should we consider? Again, have you been lucky, so far?
Keep your people safe.
The beauty of life is in your hands.
About the Author
Nick Nicholson, is a retired safety practitioner who spent many years researching the human behaviour factors of driver and pedestrian actions. Specifically, he spent 25 of those years devoted to highway crash investigations, regulatory compliance, the design, implementation and presentation of safety programs. Nick enjoyed many hours presenting professional driver enhancement training to adult participants.
As a long time Fleet Safety Council Member (1988) and the Founding Chair (1992-1995) of Council's Hamilton-Niagara Chapter, he presents his opinions in hopes of improving the safety knowledge of readers. Nick is a firm believer in human advancement through positive attitudes, solution thinking and the understanding that the beauty of life is always in your hands.
Old Uncle Nicky's Opinions are his own and in no way reflect the opinions of Fleet Safety Council


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Treatment of Stage I - III Colon Cancer
by Dr. C.H. Weaver M.d. updated 10/2021
The treatment of early stage colon cancer consists of surgery followed by systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in individuals at risk of cancer recurrence.1-4
Following surgical removal of colon cancer, the cancer is classified as:
- Stage I colon cancer is confined to the lining of the colon, does not penetrate the wall of the colon into the abdominal cavity, and has not spread to any adjacent organs or local lymph nodes. Approximately 90% of patients are cured with surgery alone and will not experience a cancer recurrence.3
- Stage II colon cancer has penetrated the wall of the colon into the abdominal cavity but does not invade any of the local lymph nodes - 25-40% of stage II patients will experience recurrence following surgery and systemic adjuvant therapy is recommended for some patients to reduce this risk.3
- Stage III colon cancer has penetrated the wall of the colon into the abdominal cavity and invaded any of the local lymph nodes. Half of patients will experience recurrence following surgery and systemic adjuvant therapy is recommended to most patients to reduce this risk.3
The following is a general overview of the treatment of stage I - III colon cancer. The information on this Web site is intended to help educate you about treatment options and to facilitate a shared decision-making process with your treating physician.
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy
The delivery of systemic treatment following local treatment with surgery is referred to as "adjuvant" therapy and may include chemotherapy or precision cancer medicines. Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly recommended for some patients with stage II and most patients with stage III colon cancer. The goal of systemic adjuvant therapy is to reduce the risk of colon cancer recurrence.1-7
Stage II Colon Cancer
Adjuvant chemotherapy may delay cancer progression and prolong survival in some but not most patients with stage II colon cancer.
Characteristics that may indicate a higher risk of recurrence in stage II cancer include the following.3,4
- High grade cells on pathologic exam.
- Less than 12 lymph nodes sampled during surgery.
- Perforation or obstruction of the colon due to cancer.
- Stage IIB tumors (tumor has extended beyond the wall of the colon).
MRD Assessment & ctDNA Testing
Most patients with stage II CRC don't benefit from chemotherapy - ctDNA testing for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) may help determine prognosis and guide adjuvant treatment for patients with early stage colon cancer.
Stage III Colon Cancer
Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy is administered to patients with stage III colon cancer because it reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and improves survival.3-7
Since the 1980's, the mainstay of chemotherapy treatment has been 5-flourouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV), which is very well tolerated by most patients. Adding Eloxatin® (oxaliplatin) to 5-FU/LV improves (FOLFOX) survival rates by 5-10%
Xeloda® (capecitabine) is a form of the chemotherapy drug 5-FU that is administered orally as a pill, rather than into a vein and appears to work as well as 5-FU/LV with fewer side effects. In addition, oral administration is more convenient since it requires fewer clinic visits—patients receiving Xeloda will make a minimum of eight trips to their clinic, whereas those on 5-FU may make up to 30 trips.5
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens for Colon Cancer
- FOLFOX (LV/5-fluorouracil + Eloxatin (oxaliplatin)
- CAPEOX (Xeloda (capecitabine) + Eloxatin)
- Xeloda
The overall health of the patient must be considered when weighing the risks and benefits of adjuvant therapy. Patients with fewer other health problems (such as diabetes, obesity or heart disease) will better tolerate adjuvant chemotherapy.
In order to reduce neuropathy, a significant and troublesome side effect of Eloxatin The American Society of Clinical Oncology released guidelines that states that patients with clinically low-risk stage II-III colon cancer should have the option of receiving 3 months of adjuvant Eloxatin-based chemotherapy instead of 6 months.
Resulting recommendations of therapy duration apply to patients with completely resected stage III colon cancer who are being offered adjuvant chemotherapy with Eloxatin and a fluoropyrimidine.
For patients at a high risk of recurrence (T4 and/or N2), adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered for a duration of 6 months.
For patients at a low risk of recurrence (T1, T2, or T3 and N1), either 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy or a shorter duration of 3 months may be offered on the basis of a potential reduction in adverse events and no significant difference in disease-free survival with the 3-month regimen.
Furthermore, the panel recommends a shared decision-making approach on a case-by-case basis in determining duration of therapy. Decision-makers should take into account patient characteristics, values and preferences, and other factors including a discussion of the potential for benefit and risks of harm associated with treatment duration, the guideline states.8,9
Treatment of the Older Individuals
A large percentage of patients with colon cancer are 65 years or older. Sometimes elderly patients and/or their physicians may believe that treatment will be more toxic for elderly patients than it is for their younger counterparts. Due to this perceived intolerability of therapy, elderly patients often do not receive optimal treatment. The results of several clinical trials however confirm that elderly patients with colon cancer who are in otherwise good health tolerate chemotherapy as well as younger patients and experience improved survival from its use.10,11
Treatment for Stage II - III Multiple Myeloma
Treatment of stage II-III myeloma may include chemotherapy, precision medicines, stem cell transplant & supportive care.
Checkpoint Inhibitors + Avastin for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Anit-angiogenic - immunotherapy combination represents new treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer.
Researchers combined information from four clinical trials evaluating FOLFOX4 in a total of 3,742 patients, 614 of whom were age 70 or older. One of the trials enrolled patients with Stage II or Stage III colorectal cancer, two studies enrolled patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and one study enrolled patients who had experienced cancer progression during initial treatment.
- Patients age 70 or older were more likely than younger patients to experience low levels of white blood cells (neutropenia) or platelets (thrombocytopenia). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia developed in 43% of younger patients and 49% of older patients. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia developed in 2% of younger patients and 5% of older patients.
- The overall frequency of serious adverse effects of treatment was similar in the two age groups (63% in younger patients and 67% in older patients).
- The benefits of FOLFOX4 on response to treatment and survival were also similar in the two age groups.
The researchers conclude that the FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen remains safe and effective when used in selected elderly patients with colorectal cancer. The researchers note that judicious use of FOLFOX4 "should be considered without regard to patient age, although scant data are available for patients older than 80 years."10
Another evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSCR), both of which are linked to Medicare programs and the NCCN Outcomes Database and the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS).
The study included data from 5,489 patients aged 75 or older with stage III colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2007. The patients were categorized into two groups: chemotherapy or no chemotherapy. Those who underwent chemotherapy were further categorized to determine whether their chemotherapy included Eloxatin®.
The results of the analysis indicated that the use of chemotherapy declined with age and comorbidity. Patients who received chemotherapy had significantly better survival than those who did not. In fact, the researchers found that the survival benefit was equal to that seen in clinical trials of younger patients. Chemotherapy that included Eloxatin appeared to be associated with a trend toward lower mortality in two of the four data sets.
The researchers concluded that patients aged 75 and older with stage III colorectal cancer may experience a survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy. They suggest that adjuvant therapy in this older patient population is worth considering, depending on individual health characteristics.11
Strategies to Improve Treatment
The progress that has been made in the treatment of colon cancer results from ongoing patient participation in clinical trials. Currently, the main areas of active research are focused on optimizing the use of adjuvant treatment.
Reducing Side Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy
FOLFOX AND CAPOX are standard adjuvant treatment regimens for stage II-III colon cancer. Both use Eloxatin which can cause neuropathy. Doctors would like to reduce the risk of neuropathy without reducing the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment.
Findings from a phase 2 clinical trial presented at the 2020 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium suggest that intermittent Eloxatin with CAPOX could be equally as effective.
A total of 200 patients were treated with either CAPOX and continuous Eloxatin for 8 cycles or CAPOX with intermittent Eloxatin. The intermittent treatment regimen included 2 cycles of CAPOX, 4 cycles of capecitabine without Eloxatin, and then another 2 cycles of CAPOX.
At 3 years 78% in the continuous arm and 82% in the intermittent arm survived without cancer progression suggesting that intermittent use of Eloxatin could be equally effective as an adjuvant setting for colon cancer, and substantially reduce long-term PSN and potential improve patient quality of life.16
Precision Cancer Medicine Targeting Genetic Mutations
Not all colon cancer cells are alike. They may differ from one another based on what genes have mutations. Molecular testing is performed to test for certain genetic mutations or the proteins they produce because the results can help select treatment including newer precision cancer medicines designed to attack specific colon cancer cells with specific genetic mutations.
Doctors will increasingly use genomic testing to help better identify who will benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Precision cancer medicines that target specific genomic alterations in the cancer's DNA that are driving the growth of the cancer are increasingly used to treat advanced colon cancer. Several unique genomic mutations have been identified and targeted precision cancer medicines have been developed and are being used to prolong survival. Clinical studies are ongoing to determine how to incorporate genomic testing and precision cancer medicines into the adjuvant treatment of early stage colon cancer.12
- ATOMIC Clinical Trial is evaluating Immunotherapy combined with FOLFOX in stage III patients with MMR deficient MSI high colon cancer.
Advances in Surgery for Colon Cancer
Surgical removal of cancer remains an integral part of the treatment strategy for patients with stage III colon cancer however few patients are cured with surgery alone. Conventional surgery involves opening the pelvis and/or abdomen to gain access to the large intestine. As with any surgery, there are risks associated with removing cancer, including infection, blood loss, and other possible complications of surgery.13-15
Clinical trials have shown that a less invasive surgical technique, called laparoscopic surgery, may be more tolerable than and similarly effective as conventional surgery. Laparoscopic surgery involves the placement of small probes into the area of surgery. The probes contain cameras and instruments for removing the cancer. The surgeon performs the surgery through the probes while watching his or her movements captured by the camera and projected on a large screen. This type of procedure prevents the need for large surgical incisions, and may be associated with fewer complications, especially infections (abdominal infections, urinary tract infections and pneumonia). In addition, patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery generally experience less discomfort post-operatively and have a quicker recovery time (return to normal activities).
When choosing between open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery, patients and their doctors must weigh the potential short-term benefits of laparoscopic surgery with a possible small increase in cancer recurrence that may be associated with laparoscopic resection. Patients may choose based on their own health and the expertise and recommendations of their surgeon.
Next: Surgery for Colon Cancer
Next: Precision Cancer Medicine for Colon Cancer
- D Sargent, R Goldberg, J MacDonald, et al. Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer (CC) Is Beneficial Without Significantly Increased Toxicity in Elderly Patients (Pts): Results from a 3351 Pt Meta -Analysis. Proceedings from the 36th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Blood. 2000;19: Abstract #933.
- ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.4_suppl.710
- Journal of Clinical Oncology (online April 15, 2019; doi:10.1200/JCO.19.00281).
- O'Connell M, Lee M, Lopatin M et al. Validation of the 12-gene colon cancer recurrence score (RS) in NSABP C07 as a predictor of recurrence in stage II and III colon cancer patients treated with 5FU/LV (FU) and 5FU/LV+oxaliplatin (FU+Ox). Paper presented at: 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; June 1-5, 2012;Chicago,IL. Abstract 3512.
- Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf, et al. Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin as Adjuvant Treatment for Colon Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350:2343-2351.
- Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki M, et al. Capecitabine as Adjuvant Treatment for Stage III Colon Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 352:2696-2704.
- Taieb J, Puig PL, Bedenne L. Cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 for fully resected stage III colon carcinoma: scientific background and the ongoing PETACC-8 trial. *Expert Reviews of Anticancer Therapy.*2008;8(2):183-9.
- Grothey, A. et al. (2018) Duration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine.
- Iveson, T. et al. (2018) 3 versus 6 months of adjuvant oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combination therapy for colorectal cancer (SCOT): an international, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
- Goldberg RM, Tabah-Risch I, Bleiberg H et al. Pooled Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Oxaliplatin Plus Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Administered Bimonthly in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006;24:4085-4091.
- Sanoff HK, Carpenter WR, Stürmer T, et al. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival of patients with stage III colon cancer diagnosed after age 75 years. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012; 30(21): 2624-2634.
- abstracts.asco.org/199/AbstView_199_194502.html
- Mirza MS, Longman RJ, Farrokhyar F, et al. Long-term outcomes for laparoscopic versus open resection of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Laparoendoscopic Advances in Surgical Technique2008;18(5):679-685.
- Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Merkow RP, et al. Laparoscopic-assisted vs. Open Colectomy for Cancer: Comparison of Short-term Outcomes from 121 Hospitals. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery [early online publication]. June, 2008.
- Nelson H, Sargent D, Wie H, et al. A Comparison of Laparoscopically Assisted and Open Colectomy for Colon Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350:2050-2059.
- Nakamura M, Nakayama G, Ishigure K, et al. Randomized phase II trial of CAPOX with continuous versus intermittent use of Eloxatin as an adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of stage II/III colon cancer (CCOG-1302 study). Presented at: the 2020 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; January 23-25, 2020; San Francisco, CA. Abstract 95.


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The quickest way to get acquainted with a people or culture is to study their history. In a nation's past, their common values, common views and abilities and weaknesses are described almost as if in a book. For example, to get acquainted with the Russian people, the easiest way is to open books on the history of Russia and read about the Battle of Stalingrad during WWII . The battle lasted for 200 days and ended with the defeat of fascist Germany's forces, and a turning point in the war. Everyone who has studied the history of the Battle of Stalingrad will inevitably come to the following conclusion: "The Russian people are ready to sacrifice their lives to defend their Motherland!" This means that an army trying to attack Russia must understand that it will be opposed by soldiers who are ready to die for their native land.
The same characteristic is typical of the Turks. The history of Turkey is rich with numerous examples of this; in particular, the Battle of Gallipoli and the national liberation war that followed it: "You can kill a Turk, but you can not capture his homeland."
Of course, there are exceptions. For example, the Germans are known throughout the world as one of the most economic, industrious and disciplined peoples… however, as much as they are talented at the level of tactics, they are just as weak in the development of strategy. One such strategic mistake was the plan to attack Russia in World War II, as a result of which the Germans found themselves in a war that they could not win.
It is interesting to see the mistakes of the past repeating today. While the Atlanticist alliance, led by the United States, stokes the fire of war in the Middle East, directly contradicting Germany's interests, the German government seems persist in refusing to understand the "geopolitical realities" and "regional specifics." The Atlanticist alliance's plan in the Middle East, built on the theory of "controlled chaos", is, first of all, a threat to Europe, and especially Germany. Already, the destructive consequences of the events in Iraq, Libya and Syria have become evident. The so-called "Great Middle East Project" – the US plan which has resulted in nothing but wars, blood, tears and broken lives, is in reality maximally directed against Germany. The targeting of Iran following Iraq and Syria, the aggressive anti-Russian position of the United States and the economic sanctions of Washington against Turkey, will hit Germany the hardest. This is because the interests of Germany and the interests of all the above mentioned countries actually coincide significantly.
The US, in almost every region, is creating "an atmosphere of chaos and instability." On the one hand they are doing so to keep the forces of Eurasia strained, on the other to create a "migration of tribes". Although Turkey has by now managed to contain the flow of almost 5 million refugees to Europe, it is clear that this situation can not continue indefinitely. If Syria is fragmented, and after it Iran, a new "migration wave" of such intensity will formed, that Turkey alone will not be able to restrain it. The new plans of the US are emerging now and in the northern Iraq and northern Syria new terrorist army which is composed mainly of the international narco-terrorist organisation PKK and affiliated YPG, numbering from 50.000 to 80.000, supported and trained by US against all Eurasian powers.
However, with certainty it can be said that, despite the obviousness of the situation, the authorities of Germany can not correctly analyze the situation, and occupy a position erroneous from a strategic point of view. Meanwhile, a position that meets the national interests of Germany, is quite obvious! The Germans must first clearly realize that their interests are directly related to the Eurasian region, and begin to defend the territorial integrity of all countries in the region, primarily Turkey, Russia, Iran and Syria, as their own. They must understand that the domino effect, which after Iraq and Syria may arise in Iran or Turkey, will lead to Germany losing its leading position in Europe and turning it into a "military base" of the United States.
The opposite scenario for Germany will come from the geographic East. This line is being formed by Germany's strategic partners – Turkey, Russia, Iran, China and the Eurasian states. Germany needs to understand that it can overcome the American "chaos trap" only by showing solidarity and rallying with Eurasian players. In any other case, the German public order will be destroyed, and racist and xenophobic tendencies will continue to grow against the backdrop of the rapid decline of the country's economy.
In these conditions, any German who truly loves his homeland should think about the geopolitical realities. The German government, for its part, needs to remember the major strategic mistakes made in the past, and make the right choice this time. This choice in its most general form is recognizing that the fate of Germany is not connected with the Atlantic front, but with Eurasia. Once the right decision has been made, it will immediately become clear that the "multipolar world" is fully aligned with Germany's interests, and the problems that arose during the domination of the "unipolar world" can be quickly and easily eliminated. Geographical realities unambiguously indicate that Germany belongs to the Eurasian region. For the sake of the future of mankind, we must hope that the German authorities are becoming aware of this fact.


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Ottawa resident and PhD holder in optics and photonics Dan Yang decided to leave her career in networking technology to invent a toddler-friendly tablet because she was concerned for her own baby's safety.
It's not that Yang's daughter, who is now 30-months-old, was in immediate or serious danger – but the Yang's protective maternal instincts were piqued when she observed her daughter Herac's interest in technology. She was worried about her daughter not only suffering bumps and bruises from handling modern tech, but also about whether it was providing sufficient mental nourishment for a rapidly developing mind.
"To hold such a heavy thing without anywhere to grip is very difficult. I was worried she'd drop it and hit her little feet, or she'd bit down on it and it'd break her teeth," Yang says. "I wasn't really happy about what she was playing. With my scientific background, I thought I could do better."
That attempt to "do better" led Yang to found Rullingnet Corp., a company based in Santa Monica, Calif. that does most of its development work in an Ottawa-based office. Its product, the Vinci tablet, offers a unique category of early learning systems specifically designed for children four years and under. It offers an Android-based touch screen tablet with specs up to a competitive standard, but protected by a soft rubber bumper that surrounds the device, protecting both the toddler from injury and the device from damage.
Rullingnet encourages parents to sit down and play its educational games and digital story books with their child, making it a participatory learning experience rather than a technological babysitter used merely to keep the child busy. New parents in this connected era are often amazed by how quickly their young toddlers take to technology, comfortably manipulating touch screens and focusing intently on visuals appearing on digital displays. Now startup firms are looking to capitalize on that trend, designing technology tools to help parents and requiring the active participation of children.
Still, some parents may be apprehensive about engaging their young children with technology in a society that is over-saturated with it. The same parenting techniques can be done without assistive technology, says Joan Grusec, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto. If children are too immersed in a digital world, they may lose out on skills for the real world.
"You don't want technology to replace the parent-child relationship," she says. "That is a crucial one for raising children. If kids are always using technology to interact, they lose face-to-face skills."
Gold stars move from the fridge to the Web
Parents using Montreal-based Ncentiv Inc.'s HighScoreHouse.com don't seem to be too worried about technology overload, according to co-founder Kyle Seaman. His main metric for the new site's success is counting the number of exclamation points he receives in his e-mails.
"Most people who come to our site sign up, we're running about 60 per cent conversion," he says. "Parents have the final say for everything."
Launched this summer with a graphically-appealing Flash-based interface, HighScoreHouse.com allows parents to manage their kids' chores using gold stars as a currency to reward them. Parents login to setup the chores, which are divvied up by time of day, and assign a gold star value to them – maybe taking out the garbage is worth five stars. Then children login to see the chores they've been assigned and tick off the jobs they've completed to claim the stars.
Children can see rewards that are made available by their parents and valued at a certain number of gold stars – perhaps exchanging 25 stars for a later bed time, or 100 stars for a new toy. The site's user interface has many animations but keeps a clean interface.
"Kids loved the idea they could see their progress and really visualize what they are working towards," Seaman says. "No one was bringing a family product into the house with great design. We're both really into game design and fun and play."
Seaman and HighScoreHouse.com's other co-founder are both in their 20s and childless. It was only 10 years ago that Seaman was earning gold stars of his own, tracked on the fridge. That's why the team spent months doing field research, talking to parents and working with a psychologist to develop their system.
"Positive reinforcement works really well to build new behaviour or reinforce good behaviour," Seaman says. "Kids just want to know what they are doing is getting recognized."
But not all parents may want to train their children to expect a reward for pitching in around the house, psychology professor Grusec says.
"People use household chores for different reasons. Some people use it to teach children the value of work and money," she says. "Other people use it to teach the value of being helpful and pulling your weight. If that's what you're trying to do, giving the reinforcement of gold stars works against that type of outcome."
HighScoreHouse.com is about external motivation, rather than intrinsic motivation, she adds. Studies show that children who did work around the house without being asked to were more positive and helpful to others in some areas of their lives.
For the co-founders of the site, they're currently seeking external motivation in the form of fundraising right now, hoping to build enough of a nest egg to run the business for 12 months with six employees. They are also continuing development of the site, hoping to see between 50 and 100 families a day sign up for the service. An iPhone app is also in the works.
Sharing the sandbox
HighScoreHouse.com and Rullingnet aren't the only companies looking to add technology to the parenting process.
Childzilla.com is another Web site in beta that offers configurable online chore charts with customizable rewards. Rullingnet's Vinci tablet is competing head-on with a more mature market in tech for developmental education, including competitor LeapFrog Enterprises Inc., which sees its tablet and handheld systems lining the shelves at retailer Toys "R" Us.
But Yang is confident parents will see the value of her company's tablet.
"It's way more than just teaching ABC and 123," she says. "We're not just limited to knowledge teaching, but all aspects of a developing child, and we try to help them build a positive attitude and positive character."
Vinci encourages parents to play with their children and later versions may see guiding cues for parents build into the software, Yang says. There will also soon be a diary released allowing parents to track developmental milestones their child should be hitting at a certain age.
The best approach is for parents to provide just a little bit of assistance rather that constantly butting in, Grusec advises. "Give them something that's not impossible to start with, but is challenging."
Yang sits with her own daughter as she plays on the Vinci tablet, and prompts her to think about what's on the screen at a deeper level. "The parents can help their children by asking questions," she says.
She can also let her toddler play with the tablet and maintain peace of mind, knowing the rubber bumper will prevent broken teeth or bruised toes.


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Ekiugbo, I and Papanagnou, C ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-4209 2016, The role of sustainable procurement in corporate sustainability : empirical study of the oil & gas sector , in: BAM2016, 6 - 8 September 2016, Newcastle University.
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The Oil and Gas (O&G) sector is characterized by activities known to have several negative impacts on human and the environment. Literature review disclosed how sustainable procurement (SP) practices can help improve environmental, social and economic performance of practicing firms. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of SP practices in improving corporate sustainability. To achieve this, the research will identify the current level of SP practices in the O&G sector, its benefits, critical success factors, drivers and barriers to its adoption and implementation as these differ from sector to sector. Thereafter an SP framework will be developed and proposed. A quantitative research approach will be adopted as questionnaires will be used to obtain primary data while the analysis will be done with the aid of special software packages. Current findings already indicate a slow adoption of sustainability measures within the procurement function of O&G firms.
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|Schools > Salford Business School > Salford Business School Research Centre
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- CPXads is a major arm of PolariStar LLC that oversees the company's advertising and marketing projects. The department operates a fast-growing banner advertising network, conducts campaign management for third-party advertisers, and manages PolariStar's marketing of its own on-line properties. This is one of PolariStar LLC's most innovative product groups which constantly initiates new on-line monetization strategies.
- On-line price comparison shopping has represented one of the most dynamic and high-potential on-line segments over the past several years. TagTarget, PolariStar's response to price comparison shopping, will offer consumers the ability to compare product prices both at on-line merchants as well as at merchants in their vicinity. Ultimately, it is expected that this resource will grow into an interface enabling better access between merchants of all geographies and their consumers.
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OK, so Wisconsin had its WORST shooting night in forever, and Appling woke up as Michigan State's men's hoop team smoked Wisconsin by 15 points last night, And Michigan State has an outside shot to a four-way tie for the Big Ten regular season title with Indiana, Ohio State and Michigan?... but only if Michigan beats Indiana.
The ES is 100% in line with coach Izzo's comments to ESPN in the pending Indy v Rodents matchup: "Izzo said his mentor, former Michigan State coach Jud Heathcote,
wouldn't want him to root for rival Michigan to win in any circumstance. 'I'm going to pull for Michigan State,' Izzo said."
"Our defense was unbelievable," Izzo said.
Right. These Spartans, who outplayed Indiana and Michigan but folded very late in their losses, have the defense and the grit to make a deep run in the tourney. If Appling comes to play from this point forward, the ES's $20 bet on the Spartans in Vegas to win it all may make the ES a rich man for a day.
Joe Lunardi's Bracketology has the Spartans as a #3 seed in the tourney... but methinks this team has as much grit and determination as any Spartan Final Four team in recent years, and a win in the Big Ten championship tourney could make MSU an outside #1 seed....
Friday, March 08, 2013
Spartans crush Badgers: Jud's chooses MSU in Indiana v Michigan matchup
Posted by SHirko at 2:39 PM


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I just wanted to say a brief word about feedback. Here's the truth. Webcomic folk are a whiny, needy, greedy bunch of feedback whores and I'm not different.
Seriously, we aren't making this comic in a vacuum. If all we wanted to do was satisfy the creative urge, Keith and I would never put the comic out on the web. We choose to share the comic because we desire to show our work to the world and to interact with the readers as part of a community.
For those of you who comment, thank you. Those of you who comment regularly? Bless you. Those of you who haven't commented, please feel free to. I try to respond to every comment that comes across the screen, either here or at our forums.


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Summer is here! Woo hoo! While that may not be such a big deal to those who are already settling in the Caribbean, and get to enjoy nice weather all year, it is still a day of celebration and happiness all throughout the northern hemisphere of the world! It is a day to celebrate the sun and enjoy extended light and warmth. So what will you be doing to welcome the summer?
Here are some ideas of how many people honor and celebrate this day throughout the world:
Chichen Itza and its Mayan mysteries
Probably one of the most important and interesting things to do is to watch the summer solstice at the very moment it happens at Chichen-Itza. We are talking about the exact point where the sun seems to pause and highlight the north and east sides of the temple of Kukulcan while creating complete shade on the south and west sides. If you are in the Riviera Maya during this time this is a great opportunity to be a part of such a historical tradition.
It is very popular to go to Chichen-Itza, not only for the summer solstice but also for the winter solstice and fall and spring equinox. The Mayans were very intelligent and without any kind of technology or advancement, that we use today, they had to construct a way to know what day, month and season it was. They were able to use the pattern of light to determine the seasons.
Also, for those who did not know this already the Temple of Kukulcan has 91 steps on each of the 4 sides plus one last step up to the top of the platform to equal 365. This represents one step per day. Another thing worth noting is that each season is exactly 91 days apart except for the summer solstice which is 92 all adding up to 365 days. The Mayans were able to determine everything just by paying attention with nature and the sun. Many will flock to Chichen-Itza to watch and partake in celebrations of this wonderful day!
How about a little bit of yoga?
If you can't make it to Chichen-Itza how about a little bit of yoga? I know, this might sound a little surprising if you aren't already familiar with the summer solstice traditions but it is true that many people across the world gather for special yoga sessions on the morning of the summer solstice. These special yoga sessions are intended to honor the sun. Check out the local yoga studios in Playa del Carmen, Tulum and across the Riviera Maya to see how you can get involved in one of these special sessions. Not in Mexico? Check out New York City where they put on a huge yoga event right in Times Square including free classes, music, performances and lots of celebration.
Perfect day for a wedding!
This very day is actually one of the most popular days for weddings. June is believed to be a good luck month for weddings anyways but June 21st, or the day of the summer solstice, is referred to as the "wedding of heaven and earth" and draws much attention to those when picking out their special day. In addition, if your wedding is outdoors you can get the most out of your day.
Another interesting tradition is to hold a bonfire. Make a big fire, invite your friends, cook, and celebrate the day!! I think this goes along with idea and is a good excuse to have a nice gathering with friends and family. Make the most out of the longest day of the year and the sunlight by being outdoors and taking in all the day has to offer. Other traditions include festivals, parades and special ceremonies. Make your own traditions, have a BBQ, go to the beach. Whatever it is you decide to do, enjoy! Happy Summer everyone!
-by Bea Lozano


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The Genius 5-Second Trick That Will Keep Your Berries Fresh For Weeks
It's one of the worst-feelings in the (food-related) world: buying a bunch of fresh, gorgeous berries at the farmers market or local store only to find them covered in a layer of gray fuzz several days later when you're ready to eat them. Luckily, there's an easy, inexpensive solution that will make your berries last way longer—soaking them in vinegar.
Why soaking your berries in vinegar makes them last way longer.
Vinegar is a potent all-natural bacteria and mold destroyer, which is one of the reasons it's so popular as a nontoxic home cleaner. By soaking the berries in a vinegar solution, you kill any bacteria and mold colonies on the surface before they have the chance to grow, making the berries last much longer. People report this method keeps berries fresh one or even two weeks longer than usual.
The vinegar-soaking process.
Simply give your berries a quick rinse, then submerge them in a bowl of liquid with a 1:3 vinegar/water ratio (meaning 1 cup of vinegar for 3 cups of water—this isn't an exact science at all, so no need to measure, just aim for roughly that amount). White vinegar and apple cider vinegar are ideal for their neutrality and antibacterial properties—you don't want to go for a high-sugar vinegar like, say, balsamic. Let the berries sit for a few minutes, then rinse them off and lay them on towels or spin them in a salad spinner until they're completely dry. Store your berries in the fridge in a clean container lined with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture, and voilà—your hard-earned farmers market money will never be wasted again.
Is apple cider vinegar all it's cracked up to be? Here's what the science says. Plus, did you know berries can make you feel happier?


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Warm goat's cheese salad with beetroot and walnuts
Beef tomato, buffalo mozzarella with basil
Tomato, garlic, basil and a drizzle of balsamic
Crispy fried squid with tartar sauce
Stuffed mushrooms with veal, spinach and cheese
Prawn cocktail
Marinated spare ribs
All dishes include saute potatoes, fine beans, cauliflower au gratin or mixed dressed salad
With meat
With bacon and cream
With tomato chilli
Pasta with meat and béchamel cheese sauce
Aubergines baked with tomato and mozzarella cheese
Breast of chicken with mushrooms and cream
Veal in bread crumbs plain or with spaghetti
Bolognese or Napoli (No vegetable or salad included if you have pasta)
Sea bass with light lemon sauce
With white and dark chocolate sauce
With caramel sauce and vanilla ice cream
With forest berry sauce
With vanilla ice cream
Classic Vanilla, Strawberry, Chocolate
Tomato, garlic and basil with a drizzle of balsamic£6.95
Stuffed mushrooms with veal, spinach and cheese£8.00
Marinated Spare Ribs£9.00
Raw beef tenderloin with rocket, parmesan cheese, sea salt and crushed pepper£11.95
King prawns in spicy garlic and brandy sauce£12.50
Crispy fried squid with tartar sauce£9.00
Mango with white crab cocktail£12.50
Avocado and prawn cocktail£9.50
Warm goat's cheese salad with walnuts£9.00
Avacado, buffalo mozzarella, tomato and basil£9.00
Brie in breadcrumbs with cranberry sauce£8.25
Aubergines baked with tomato and mozzarella cheese£9.50
Braised beef with tomato sauce£13.00
With mixed seafood£18.50
With bacon , parmesan cheese and cream£12.50
With tomato chilli sauce£11.50
Bacon, mushrooms, chilli and tomato sauce£12.50
With a breast of chicken and fresh basil pesto£16.50
Strips of fillet steak with wild mushrooms and cream sauce£19.50
With king prawns, cherry tomatoes and chilli£18.50
With aubergine, courgette, olives in tomato sauce£12.50
Pasta with braised beef and béchamel cheese sauce£13.00
Soup of the day£6.50
Breast of chicken with cream and wild mushroom£13.50
Breast of chicken in breadcrumbs£14.50
Breast of chicken in breadcrumbs with pasta£18.50
Breast of chicken filled with butter and garlic (kiev)£16.50
Veal with Parma ham, brandy and white wine sauce£15.50
Veal in breadcrumbs£14.50
Veal in breadcrumbs with pasta£18.50
Veal in lemon sauce£14.50
Plain grilled Skate or with burnt butter and capers£22.50
Fillets of Monk fish wrapped with parma ham in butter and sage sauce£23.50
Grilled Dover Sole£MDP
King prawns in spicy garlic and brandy sauce£18.50
Fillets of Seabass with light lemon sauce£17.50
Each steak can be served with a choice of sauces - £1.50 each
Green peppercorn sauce - Dolcelatte sauce - Mushroom sauce
Grilled fillet steak£28.50
Grilled sirloin steak£23.50
Sliced calves liver with bacon and onions or sage butter£18.50
Rack of lamb braised in the oven with wine and rosemary£22.50
Breast of duck in orange sauce£15.50
(Sauteed Potatoes, Cauliflower Au Gratin, Fine Beans)£6.00
Sauteed with garlic£3.00
Fried courgette£3.00
With bacon and onions£3.50
Sauteed, creamed or french fries£2.95
Baby leaf mixed salad£3.95
Tomato and red onion salad£4.50
Rocket and parmesan salad£4.50
Salads served with a choice of dressings
Vinaigrette - Balsamic and olive oil - Lemon and olive oil
With white and Dark chocolate sauce£6.50
With caramel sauce and vanilla ice cream£6.50
With forest berry sauce£6.50
With your choice of ice cream£6.50
With your choice of ice cream£6.50
With Grapes£8.50
Vanilla ice cream with espresso coffee and amaretto liquor£7.50
Luxury Italian ice cream and sorbets£5.50
Vanilla - Strawberry - Chocolate - Mint Choc Chip Pistachio - Cappuccino - Hazelnut - Amaretto - Rum Rasin
Lemon sorbet - Mango sorbet - Raspberry sorbet
English - Earl Grey - Fresh Mint - Peppermint - Green - Camomile£2.75
Vanilla Vodka, Passion Fruit Puree, Passionfruit Liqueur, Pineapple Juice & Prosecco£11.50
Chambord Liqueur, Vodka, Pineapple Juice & Lemon Twist£10.00
Kahlua, Vodka, Espresso Coffee & Sugar£10.00
Disaronno, Lemon juice , Egg White & Angostura Aromatic Bitters£10.00
Gin, Vermouth & Campari£10.00
Bacardi Rum, Lime, Mint Leaves, Sugar & Soda Water£10.00
Vodka, Cointreau, Cranberry & Lime£10.00
Champagne & Creme de Cassis£9.00
Champagne & Peach£9.00
Prosecco, Aperol, Soda Water & Orange£9.00
Prosecco, Elderflower, Lime, Mint & Soda Water£9.00
Made from one of Italy`s most exciting grape varieties, this is very fresh and crisp with lots of vibrant fruit and a delicate, characteristic bouquet£
A wine with golden reflections. Fruity and silky on the palate with good body and slightly sweet taste£
Pleasantly crisp dry wine, consistent in quality, good fruity flavours and a fine finish£
Attractively fresh and elegant wine with a pale straw-yellow colour with greenish reflections. On the nose it is intense yet refined, with fresh hints of peach and pineapple£
The most prestigious white wine of Piedmont, dry and fresh, flinty acidity£
Straw yellow colour with delicate green reflections. Lightly dry and delicately fruity, it offers an ensemble of aromas of great finesse£
Brilliant straw yellow colour, white flowers, with spicy notes and hints of just barely ripe fruit on the nose. Substantial yet fresh flavour with citrus hints and almondy notes£
Dry and young with lavish fruit supported by a delicate and pleasant acidity. A perfect companion to seafood, appetizers and fish£
Delightful fruity wine with an inviting copper colour and floral aroma£
Whispering Angel has evocative flavours of grapefruit and citrus combined with refreshing acidity£
Ruby red colour with a boutique full of red fruits and deep and full on the palate£
Light ruby red with a delicate fruity bouquet and a dry and smooth taste£
Bright lively ruby red with a vinous bouquet with rich fruity notes. Dry and well balanced on the palate£
Dry, full and warm with an elegant aftertaste of preserves and almond£
12 months ageing in French oak barrels, it shows a dark ruby red colour and intense notes of plums, wild berry jam and sweet spices£
Ample and remarkable complex wine with scents of cherries£
A solid, typical Chianti Classico with violet, cherry and leather flavour. Harmonious structure and balanced body£
Ruby red colour with purple reflections; Intense bouquet of cherries and spices. Full flavoured, fresh and fruity on the mouth£
Rich bouquet of red fruits, powerful yet elegant and warm with mellow tannins£
Graced with a deep colour, somewhere between violet and black; ample array of sweet, ripe aromas of dried plum and cherry jam£
Garnet orange colour, smooth and dry, complex flavour with a floral bouquet£
This elegant wine stands out for its straw yellow colour with greenish highlights and for its typical white flowers bouquet. Well bodied, fresh and dry with an inviting and harmonious taste£
Intense and persistent on the nose with hints of flowers and fruit and soft and ripe taste£
A well structured classic Barolo with a characteristic bouquet: ethereal and intense. It is complex, full bodied with a long finish£
Full garnet red colour: distinctive wine with an intense body and a rich bouquet£
A sexy Brunello with dark cherry fruit, mocha, leather and an attractive mint finish. Supple and persistent on the palate£
Creamy, yet fresh, elegant non vintage Champagne£
Biggest Champagne brand in the worls but not without good reason. A Champagne for every occasion£
Seductive Champagne with coppery shades and fruity liveliness. The Pinot Noir brings flavour of ripe, red berries and a supple, creamy finish£
Pleasantly crisp dry wine, consistent in quality, good fruity flavours and a fine finish£
Glorious pink and delicious; best selling rosé Champagne; flagship of Perrier range£
Sublime wine with pure creamy fruit and toasty hints on the nose£
A truly unique champagne; the last word in elegance with delicate notes of soft ripe fruit, ultra fine mousse and a stunning finish£
Straw yellow with greenish reflections, this wine is characterised by its fruity bouquet and fine lasting sparkle£
An enticing pink in colour with sweet summer fruit aromas and strawberry and raspberry flavours on the palate with a dry finish£
Strong, purple black and intense yet surprisingly soft and easy drinking for such a high alcohol wine£
Crisp and refreshing, this Sauvignon Blanc has a fresh and highly expressive fruit aroma packed with juicy lemons£
A classic Sancerre nose of cool winter fruits, grated lime rind, elderflower and a hint of blackcurrant leaf£
This wine exhibits a dense, bright cherry colour with a appealing, big and spicy nose£
This wine is produced from a blend of Grenache, Syrah and Mouvèdre grapes and comes from old, low-yielding vines grown on sparse, boulder-covered soils around the ancient village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape, in the southern Rhône Valley£
A generous nose of warm plum-pudding-like fruit, the tannins are muscular, yet smooth and voluptuous, providing a blockbusting mouthfeel and long finish£
Pleasantly dry, harmonic and full flavoured, balanced by a clean, crisp acidity and a dry finish£
It has a fascinating bouquet. The flavour is appealingly dry, well-balanced and fruity£
Claretto has a lovely rosé colour. The wine is fresh, fruity, crisp with a gentle touch of spiciness£


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2 The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Congress on the fourth of July, This famous document declared the freedom of the original 13 colonies from British rule.
3 The Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. It was made in London and taken to Philadelphia in Now it is kept in Philadelphia where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed.
4 Stars and Stripes The flag of the US has 13 stripes for the 13 original colonies and 50 stars for the 50 states.
5 The Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty was a present to the people of the United States from the people of France. It was designed by Frederic Auguste Bartoldie and brought to America in 1884.
6 The American Eagle The American eagle is the symbol of the United States. It is also called the bald eagle and appears on the Great Seal of the United States and on some coins.
7 Uncle Sam Uncle Sam has the initials US and is an unofficial symbol of the US government. He first appeared in the 1960s on posters asking people to join the army. Uncle Sam needs you!
8 The Donkey and the Elephant The Donkey and the Elephant first appeared in political cartoons as symbols of the two main political parties in the US – the Democrats and the Republicans.
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Your Position: HomeChina NewsHarbin Ice and Snow Festival Teams up With Disney
Harbin Ice and Snow Festival Teams up With Disney
updated: 2011-01-10
The 27th Harbin Ice and Snow Festival, which will last from January 5 to February 28 of 2011, has worked together with Disney to develop its ice and snow brand.
This year's festival was jointly hosted by the National Tourism Administration, Heilongjiang provincial government, and Harbin municipal government.
Themed "Happy Snow, Passionate City", the 27th Harbin Ice and Snow Festival consists of five parts and more than 100 activities, such as ice and snow themed tours, art, trade, and culture. The event is aimed to becoming an international grand festival.
The event has five main exhibition areas, namely Harbin Ice and Snow World, Ice Lantern Garden Party, Sun Island Scenic Area, Yabuli International Ski Resort, and Zhaolin Park, covering 40 ski fields and three grand ice and snow scenic areas.
This year, the Harbin Ice and Snow World will team up with Disney to jointly develop the world's top ice and snow tour brand.
The Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is held annually from January 5 and lasts for more than one month. It has become one of the world's four major ice and snow festivals, together with Japan's Sapporo Snow Festival, Canada's Quebec City Winter Carnival, and Norway's Ski Festival.
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If you were a theater like, say, the Rogue Theatre here in Tucson, and you were going on a grand adventure to the other side of the world to perform a show, what kind of play would you do?
An adventure story, of course!
Last week, four members of the Rogue—Cynthia Meier, Joseph McGrath, Patty Gallagher and David Morden—gathered their playmaking belongings and headed to Bangalore, India. There they will remain for three weeks at the brand-new Jagriti Theater, presenting a total of 18 performances of Shipwrecked! An Entertainment—The Amazing Adventures of Louis de Rougemont (As Told by Himself).
Donald Margulies' charming piece was a delightful part of Rogue's lineup last season. (See "Truth Through Story," Jan. 12.) Playful and inventive, the show requires little in the way of a set, making it quite portable. It does require a great effort from its director and cast to create the magical and fantastical world of Louis de Rougemont. But that travels easily.
So how did Rogue's big adventure in India come to be?
"It all came about in a wonderfully accidental way," recalls Meier, Rogue's managing and associate artistic director, and the director of Shipwrecked!
In 2008, the Rogue produced Samuel Beckett's Happy Days. It featured Gallagher, who teaches at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and the show traveled there for a brief run. A friend of Gallagher, Chandran Sankaran, a passionate and knowledgeable theater supporter, declared that the piece should be seen in Bangalore, his native city, and he set out to help make that happen. He and a friend served as producers, finding a space, doing the marketing and handling other logistics.
In December 2009, McGrath and Gallagher traveled to Bangalore and performed Happy Days for three nearly sold-out performances.
"The audiences were incredibly sophisticated," Gallagher says. "There were people in the audience who had seen the original production of Happy Days in Paris. A Beckett play sold out for all performances in a 300-seat theater—wow."
A couple of years later, Sankaran and his family moved back to Bangalore, and he joined the board of directors of the new Jagriti Theatre, whose vision, according to its website, is "to professionalise English language theatre in India." For the inaugural season, the company is producing four plays, and is bringing in two outside groups: the Actors Touring Company, from Great Britain, and the Rogue.
Although the Rogue is not being paid for their efforts, Jagriti is covering the $11,500 for travel and lodging. How could they not embrace this happily accidental adventure?
The collaboration of Meier and Gallagher at the Rogue also began as a happy accident.
"We met 30 years ago when she was an undergraduate at the UA, and I was in graduate school there," Meier says. "We kept in and out of contact, but one day when Joe (McGrath, Rogue's artistic director) and I were having lunch at The Cup at Hotel Congress, Patty and her husband walked in. They were visiting from California, so it was a total surprise. We were just planning our first season, and we all sat and had a long talk. Later, I went to see a show in California she had directed for the New Pickle Circus, and decided we wanted her to audition. The first play she did with us was (Bertolt Brecht's) The Good Woman of Setzuan."
That led to her becoming a Rogue regular.
Gallagher's work with the Rogue is an adventure itself. Her home is in the Bay Area, and she teaches in Santa Cruz. She works with the school so that her classes are scheduled in the early part of the week, and she flies to Tucson late Wednesday or early Thursday so that she can perform (or make rehearsals prior to a show's run). "It's a crazy life on both ends, but I love it," she says.
Gallagher, a former Fulbright scholar, has a doctorate in feminist theory and theater from the University of Wisconsin. While living in Ecuador, where her husband had been transferred, she began studying movement and realized that, yes, she was a scholar, but "I needed to be an artist, too. I had not really gone off on the wrong track, but my experiences in Ecuador clarified my direction."
That direction led her to the art of the clown. "Not the painted-face-and-big-shoes variety—they scare me to death. I am more attracted to clown characters that aren't 'cool.' You really have only your body and your vulnerability, and your job is to look through a lens of wonder to help us see what is funny and heartbreaking and amazing about the world. And in the hands of really good clowns"—she cites Buster Keaton and Bill Irwin—"the response is really quite delightful and funny. If you're not getting some heartbreak with the hilarity, you're not representing the full human experience."
Her training in this tradition allows her to excel at what's demanded of her in Shipwrecked. "I play 27 characters, but I have to find depth and subtlety and speed all at once. The show feels like the play of children, but it's challenging, because the audience has to be willing to lend their imaginations. I'm excited and hopeful and optimistic that our audiences in India will be willing to jump into the game."
Both Gallagher and Meier confess that this project has required a great leap of faith, for both the Rogue's players and the new Jagriti Theatre.
"It's both exciting and scary," Meier says. "We hope we can come back having looked at the world through bigger eyes, and that we find a deeper and wider understanding of theater and storytelling—of the art that we practice."


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In a recent interview with the Sunday Times, Elijah Wood discussed Hollywood's sexual abuse and pedophilia problem, saying that "there are a lot of vipers in the industry" and that "people with parasitic interests" will see vulnerable child actors "as prey." He later clarified his comments and said that he wasn't speaking from personal or first-hand experience, but rather a "powerful documentary" illustrated to him Hollywood's ugly back doors. Now, another former child star Corey Feldman gave an interview to The Hollywood Reporter in which he discussed pedophilia in Hollywood, his late friend Corey Haim, and the difficulty of actually naming names.
READ MORE: Corey Feldman Confirms That Richard Donner & Steven Spielberg Are Working On 'Goonies 2'
Feldman discusses Hollywood parties in which seasoned industry veterans would invite and groom young kids, ranging from age 10 to 16. "The lure for kids is that they work in adult world. All of their friends become adults and they very rarely get to interact with other kids, especially because they don't go to school…So when somebody approaches you and says, 'Hey, this is a Hollywood party where you get to hang out with the powerful people in Hollywood,' well that sounds like a great opportunity." He talks about the man who molested him was an employee of his father's and how he eventually became his assistant, driver, chaperone, and guardian, an example of how networking and parental oversights can lead to permanent damage.
Feldman also talks about his best friend Corey Haim and how he was a victim of this kind of abuse culture. "With me, there were some molestations and it did come from several hands, so to speak, but with Corey, his was direct rape, whereas mine was not actual rape. And his also occurred when he was 11. My son is 11 now and I can't even begin to fathom the idea of something like that happening to him."
Though Feldman says he would be glad to back up anyone who came forward with a suit against the people who perpetrated these type of abuses, he's personally uncomfortable with naming names. "People are frustrated, people are angry, they want to know how is this happening and they want answers and they turn to me and they say, 'Why don't you be a man and stand up and name names and stop hiding and being a coward?'…I'd love to be the first to do it. But unfortunately California conveniently enough has a statute of limitations that prevents that from happening. Because if I were to go and mention anybody's name I would be the one that would be in legal problems and I'm the one that would be sued."
When asked if this problem is still as rampant in the social media age, Feldman responded, "It's more now than ever because nowadays you can use the internet to create fake profiles and fake accounts. They reach out to little kids on Twitter, they reach out to little kids on Facebook, and they say, 'I'm a big producer and I can help you.' With social media we have more access than ever to everybody. It's a growing problem, not a shrinking problem."
READ MORE: DOC NYC Review: Amy Berg's 'An Open Secret' Is a Devastating Exposé of Hollywood's Sexual Abuse Problem
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A new handy site offers a fantastic guide on ensuring that when you're browsing the web with any browser, you're able to do so securely and anonymously, if you so desire.
The guide has been put together by alternative search engine DuckDuckGo, and it shows you all the available options that can be set to ensure that your online activity won't be tracked.
The guide cleverly works out what browser you're using automatically, and serves up the appropriate information and links.
However, if you want instructions for any other browsers, it's simply a case of scrolling to the bottom of the page and choosing another.
A must-visit for the security conscience!


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Susan Alexandra Designed a Champion Line for Urban Outfitters
After stealing our hearts at New York Fashion Week with a collection of beaded bags, Susan Alexandra has unveiled a collaborative collection that will be popping up all over your 'gram. The accessories brand has teamed up with Urban Outfitters to create the most adorable and colorful collection of Champion athletic wear.
Champion has given a fun makeover to its line of cozy sweatshirts and loungewear in the past, but this Susan Alexandra collection has us seeing rainbows, watermelons, and polka dots.
The entire line has already arrived in Urban Outfitter stores and online, but we're especially fond of the colorful rainbow-striped sweatshirt and matching shorts. You can even go head to toe with the look by picking up a coordinating hat and sandals.
Everything in the line retails from $35 to $99, Women's Wear Daily reports. Other highlights in this 'gram-worthy collection include a baseball hat, a pair of sneakers, and a jacket.
In a statement to WWD, Susan Korn, Susan Alexandra founder, expressed excitement regarding the affordability of the line. "My bags are in a harder price range to access," she said. "Working with Champion and Urban Outfitters really opens up my brand. It's really great. I love to make pieces that are easier to afford for the masses."
Ahead, scroll through some of our favorite pieces.
All products featured on Teen Vogue are independently selected by our editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.


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The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Underman (Part 9)
As part of our commitment to the celebration of forgotten classics—i.e., great works of the past which have been intentionally flushed down the memory hole by our Orwellian overlords—National Vanguard is proud to present a condensed edition of Lothrop Stoddard's pioneering treatise The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Underman, originally published in 1922.
To appreciate the significance of this work, one must understand that in his day Stoddard was a certified member of America's (now-former) WASP establishment. An old-stock Yankee from Brookline, Massachusetts, Stoddard held a Ph.D. in History from Harvard University and was one of the most prominent intellectuals in the country prior to the Second World War. It is only because of the triumph of Jewish propaganda from that war that racialists like Stoddard have since been relegated to obscurity.
By Lothrop Stoddard
LET US NOW CONSIDER the rise of the new biology, which has already exerted so powerful an influence upon our philosophy of life and which promises to affect profoundly the destinies of mankind. Modern biology can be said to date from the publication of Darwin's work On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, in the year 1859. This epoch-making book was fiercely challenged and was not generally accepted even by the scientific world until the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Its acceptance, however, marked nothing short of a revolution in the realm of ideas. Darwin established the principle of evolution and showed that evolution proceeded by heredity. A second great step was soon taken by Francis Galton, the founder of the science of "Eugenics" or "Race Betterment." Darwin had centered his attention on animals. Galton applied Darwin's teaching to man, and went on to break new ground by pointing out not merely the inborn differences between men, but the fact that these differences could be controlled; that the human stock could be surely and lastingly improved by increasing the number of individuals endowed with superior qualities and decreasing the number of inferiors. In other words, Galton grapsed fully the momentous implications of heredity (which Darwin had not done), and announced clearly that heredity rather than environment was the basic factor in life and the prime lever of human progress.
Like most intellectual pioneers, Galton had to wait long for adequate recognition. Although his first eugenic writings appeared as early as 1865, they did not attract a tithe of the attention excited by Darwin's work, and it was not until the very close of the nineteenth century that his theory gained wide acceptance even in scientific circles, while the educated public did not become really aware of it until the opening years of the present century. Once fairly started, however, the idea made rapid progress. In every part of the civilized world scientists took up the work, and soon a series of remarkable discoveries by biologists like Weismann, DeVries, and others put the new science on a sure and authoritative foundation. [4]
We have already indicated how momentous has been the change in outlook wrought by the new biological revelation, not merely in the field of abstract science, but also in every phase of practical human existence. The discovery of the true nature of the life process, the certainty that the vast inequalities among men are due primarily to heredity rather than environment, and the discovery of a scientific method of race improvement, are matters of transcendent importance. Let us examine some of their practical aspects.
One of the most striking features of the life process is the tremendous power of heredity. The marvellous potency of the germ-plasm is increasingly revealed by each fresh biological discovery. Carefully isolated and protected against external influences, the germ-plasm persistently follows its predetermined course, and even when actually interfered with it tends to overcome the difficulty and resume its normal evolution.
This persistency of the germ-plasm is seen at every stage of its development, from the isolated germ-cell to the mature individual. Consider it first at its earliest stage. Ten years ago biologists generally believed that the germ-plasm was permanently injured — and permanently modified — by certain chemical substances and disease toxins like lead, alcohol, syphilis, etc. These noxious influences were termed "racial poisons," and were believed to be prime causes of racial degeneracy. In other words, here was a field where biologists used to admit that environment directly [5] modified heredity in profound and lasting fashion. To-day the weight of evidence is clearly the other way. While it is still generally admitted that injury to the germ-plasm does occur, most biologists now think that such injury is a temporary "induction," that is, a change in the germ-cells which does not permanently alter the nature of the inherited traits and which will disappear in a few generations if the injury be not repeated.
To quote from an authoritative source: "We are thus in a position to state that, from the eugenist's point of view, the origination of degeneracy, by some direct action on the germ-plasm, is a contingency that hardly needs to be reckoned with. . . . The germ-plasm is so carefully isolated and guarded that it is almost impossible to injure it, except by treatment so severe as to kill it altogether; and the degeneracy with which the eugenists are called on to deal is a degeneracy which is running along from generation to generation and which, when once stopped by the cessation of reproduction, is in little danger of being originated anew through some racial poison." [6]
Consider now the life process at its next stage — the stage between conception and birth. It used to be thought that the germ-plasm of the growing embryo could be injured and permanently altered, not merely by the "racial poisons" above mentioned but also by certain "prenatal" influences, such as the mother's undernourishment, chronic exhaustion, fright, worry, or shock. To-day such ideas are utterly discredited. There is not a shred of evidence that the mother's circumstances or feelings can affect in any way the germ-plasm of her unborn child. Of course, the mother's condition may profoundly affect the embryo's body-plasm, so that the child may be born stunted or diseased. But the child will not pass on those handicaps by heredity to its off-spring. Conversely, it is equally certain that nothing the mother can do to improve her unborn child will better its germ-plasm. She may give her child a sounder body, but its heredity was fixed irrevocably the instant it was conceived. Here, then, is another field where the theory of direct action of environment on heredity has been definitely disproved.
Let us pass to the next stage. Birth has taken place. The individual is out in the world and is exposed to environmental influences vastly greater than those which acted upon him during his embryonic stage. But these environmental influences fall upon his body-plasm; his germ-plasm is as carefully isolated and protected as was his parents', so that the same laws which we have already discussed will apply to him as well as to them.
Furthermore, the effect of the environment even upon the body-plasm will depend largely upon what sort of a creature the particular individual may be. Biology has recently discovered that the effect of environment decreases as we ascend the life scale; in other words, the simpler types are most affected, while man, the highest biological type, seems to be affected least of all. This is a point of great importance. Certain environmentalist writers have maintained that, even though the germ-plasm were unaltered, man is so moulded by his environment that with each generation the hereditary tendencies are overcome by circumstances and are thus rendered practically of secondary importance. Such writers base their arguements largely upon scientific experiments made upon primitive forms of animal life, where striking bodily changes have been brought about. As applied to man, however, these arguments are misleading, because the same influences which profoundly affect lower forms have relatively little effect upon the higher animals and still less upon man himself. Man is, therefore, least affected by, and most independent of, environmental influences.
This matter has been ably summed up by the American biologist Woods, who has formulated it as "The Law of Diminshing Environmental Influences." [7] Woods shows not only that environmental influence diminishes according to the individual's rank in the biological scale, but also that, even within the body of the particular individual, environmental influence diminishes with the evolutionary rank of the tissue affected and in proportion to its age. This is important in connection with possible environmental influence upon the human brain. Says Woods: "It must be remembered that the brain-cells, even of a child, are, of all tissues, farthest removed from any of these primordial states. The cells of the brain ceased subdivision long before birth. Therefore, a priori, we must expect relatively little modification of brain function. Finally, Woods shows that environmental influence diminishes with the organism's power of choice. This is, of course, of the utmost importance regarding man. For, as Woods says: "This may be the chief reason why human beings, who of all creatures have the greatest power to choose the surroundings congenial to their special needs and natures, are so little affected by outward conditions. The occasional able, ambitious, and determined member of an obscure or degenerate family can get free from his uncongenial associates. So can the weak or lazy or vicious (even if a black sheep from the finest fold) easily find his natural haunts."
From all this Woods concludes: "Experimentally and statistically, there is not a grain of proof that ordinary environment can alter the salient mental and moral traits in any measurable degree from what they were predetermined to be through innate influences."
We thus see that man is moulded more by heredity and less by environment than any other living creature, and that the vast differences observable between human beings are mainly predetermined at the instant of conception, with relatively little regard to what happens afterward.
Let us now observe some of the actual workings of heredity in man, both in the good and bad sense. In the present chapter we will devote our attention mainly to the superior types, leaving our consideration of the inferior for the next chapter…
4. The mass of modern biological literature is very great, and in a general work like mine elaborate reference footnotes would be out of place. I will, therefore, merely refer the reader to two excellent manuals on this field, with special reference to its eugenics side: Popenoe and Johnson, Applied Eugenics (New York, 1920), and S.J. Holmes, The Trend of the Race (New York, 1921). The latter work contains good and fairly full bibliograhies at the end of each chapter. From these two manuals the reader who desires to go deeper into the field can find the necessary clews.
5. The distinction between direct and indirect effects should be kept clearly in mind. Of course it is perfectly evident that environment does indirectly affect all forms of life — notably by favoring certain types and handicapping others and so resulting in the increase of the former and the decrease of the latter.
6. Popenoe and Johnson, op. cit. pg.63-64.
7. Frederick Adams Woods, "Laws of Dimishing Environmental Influences," Popular Science Monthly, April, 1910.
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Source: Dissident Millennial


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Clubhouse Newsletter
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Below you will find the Community Corner Clubhouse Newsletter! This publication is created by our Clubhouse Members and staff to share events, information, news, stories and encouragement with Clubhouse members and families.
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