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HE World's Columbian and seven miles south of the central part of
Exposition was organized the city, with a length of a mile and a half on April 9, 1890, and on the the lake side and three quarters of a mile in 25th of the same month width. Topographically the place consisted of Congress passed the bill a series of low sand-dunes which had been giving Chicago the honor thrown up successively by the lake in lines of this great enterprise. On nearly parallel with the shore, the most con
July 1 following, Jackson siderable of them having an average height of Park and the lake front of Chicago were se- not more than six feet above the high stages lected as the double site of the Exposition. On of the water. Between these dunes there were the 20th of August F. L. Olmsted & Co. were broad, low, flat, swampy swales, subject to ocelected consulting landscape-architects. Be- casional floods, with water generally standing tween then and the following December the or- one or two feet below the surface. On some ganization of the Department of Construction of these dunes groves of small, stunted oaks was perfected by the appointment of D. H. were growing, and the intermediate flats were Burnham as chief and of J. W. Root as consult- more or less overgrown by sedge and watering architect, Mr. Burnham having acted as grasses. professional adviser from the beginning of the This tract belonged to the South Park Comenterprise. Undoubtedly to his sagacity, en- mission, having been obtained twenty years ergy, and breadth of view, and to his wide ex- before with a view to its future improvement perience in important architectural work, the as a public park. Practically it was in a state Chicago Commission is largely indebted for of nature, as we have described, except as to the great effective working capacity which it a limited area at its northern end, which had has developed; and under his organizing power been graded, planted, diversified by ponds, and the complicated machinery of administration made accessible by drives and walks. The disin respect to grounds and buildings was fairly advantages of this site were sufficiently obestablished.
vious; but it was considered that they, together For reasons which we need not state, the with the inconvenience arising from its distance double site was finally abandoned; and it then from the thickly populated parts of the city, became the duty of the Committee on Grounds would be offset by these advantages: first, that and Buildings, under the advice of their chosen it was unencumbered with buildings; 'secondly, experts, to review this all-important question of that it could be made readily accessible, either by locality, and to discover, if possible, within the boats on the lake or by public land conveyances limits of Chicago, or in its near vicinity, an area of various sorts, without numerous railroad or of land capable of containing, without crowd- river crossings; and thirdly, that a number of ing, a series of buildings which, in the aggre- railroads passed within a few hundred feet of gate, should be at least 50 per cent. larger than the landward boundaries of the tract, extendthose of the last Paris Exposition; should be ing in one direction nearly to the heart of the conveniently and economically accessible for city, and, in the other, connecting, or easily to visitors and for material; not divided by rail- be connected, with lines to all parts of the conroads, streets, creeks, or cemeteries; and not so tinent. Indeed, to the experienced eye and encumbered with buildings or other improve- instructed imagination of the landscape-archiments that it would be difficult to obtain pos- tects the very qualities in this desert-like waste session of it and to prepare it for the reception which presented the most formidable obstaof the structures of the Exposition.
cles to the realization of anything approaching Of the few places answering these require- the horticultural splendors, or finished park-like ments all were flat, low, and, from a horticul- aspects, of previous international expositions tural point of view, unsatisfactory. The only suggested the possibility of procuring out of large, agreeable, or dignified element of scenery these most unpromising elements effects quite within many miles of the town was the lake, unusual, yet of a wholly appropriate character. and there was discovered only one place on the The broad expanse of the great inland lake lake presenting the desired conditions. This itself, with its ever-changing surface and its was a tract of five hundred acres between six oceanic horizon, its waters prospectively alive
with sails, and animated by the incessant Another fundamental condition affecting the movement of steamers and craft of every sort, general dispositions of the plan was the method "ornate, bedecked, and gay," beneath the un- of reaching the Park by the seven railroads, so limited summer sky, would give to the mise-en- that the difficult problem of debarking and emscène a peculiar character, under the influence barking more than 60,000 people every hour of which the foreign visitor might forget to ask by these means of transit should be solved with for that metropolitan opulence of shaded park- the least confusion, and at a point where the land which here could not be obtained. Steam- visitor should be introduced to the grounds dredges and the railroad grading-processes of through a monumental vestibule, from which the West could readily at small expense en- a scene should open, stately, splendid, and surlarge the areas of higher land, and create level prising, alike in its architectural and in its plateaus and stately terraces as sites for the natural elements. It was necessary, also, to great buildings of the Exposition, with material consider every means of approach by streetexcavated from the wet and sedgy intervals, cars and by water,—the latter suggesting the converting the latter into a system of lagoons provision of moles and protected harbors on connected with the lake by walled canals and the lake side,—and also to provide for an basins. Thus might be created within the additional intramural communication by some grounds an interior water-system, four miles form of elevated railway. in length, which would be navigable by om- None of the difficulties to be surmounted, nibus-boats, conveying visitors from every however, were greater than those presented by quarter of the Park to landings before each the necessity of converting into a garden a of the principal buildings.
tract of land which was almost a desert waste; Under such circumstances the landscape- so that the grounds in which the great monuarchitects felt authorized to recommend to the mental buildings of the Exposition were to committee the use of the grounds known as be placed should be set forth with something Jackson Park, which, after much negotiation more than formal architectural terraces, balwith the South Park Commissioners, and much ustrades, bridges, statues, fountains, and canals, controversy with those advocating other sites, and should enjoy at least some of the advanwere finally obtained under the agreement that, tages to be obtained from ordered or picturafter the Exposition and after the removal of esque vegetation. Unlike the sites of former the buildings, they should be left in a condition expositions, located in the heart of ancient civwell adapted to be formed into a permanent ilizations, the prairies of Illinois afford no impublic park for the city. A succession of in- perial treasuries of trees and shrubbery, from genious plans was then prepared and reported which the modern Amphion could draw the to the committee by these gentlemen, in inti- means of establishing such vast, full-grown mate connection with Messrs. Burnham and masses of foliage as were needed adequately Root, illustrating the gradual development of to decorate these impoverished acres. When a general scheme for the occupation of the site, the thick ice which is formed on Lake MichMr. Root making sketch-designs of all the igan during the winter is broken up, it is driven buildings as the work progressed. The lead- by prevailing north winds toward Chicago, and ing motives of composition were to obtain such there lingers to prolong the tardy spring. A a disposition of the greater buildings as should little later, while the first leaves are unfolding, make the best and most effective use of the a night gale from Canada sweeps over these natural conditions of the ground, when modi- five hundred miles of ice-cold water, and all fied and corrected by the art of the landscape- forms of vegetable growth along the southern architect; should give to these buildings a margin of the lake are discouraged and deproper and articulate relation, one to the other, 'layed. Moreover, the fluctuations which are and also to the water-system of the Park; characteristic of the waters of the lake, not only should group them in a formal and artificial from day to day, but in its normal and average manner at those points where their great size elevations during the summer, must create bare and necessary mutual proximity invited a pre- and dreary shores where the intramural waterdominance of architectural magnificence, or system of the Park expands from the formal, picturesquely and accidentally, where the con- stone-bordered canals into the broad and picditions of the landscape were such as to for- turesque lagoon. bid a close observance of axial lines and vistas. To obviate these difficulties it was deterBut all these dispositions were made subor- mined — first, so to treat the existing groves dinate to the situation furnished by the wide of trees that their dwarfish character would be expanse and horizon of the lake, so that this masked by the introductionof hardy,indigenous important element of composition should have shrubs around the margin of each group, thus its due value from all the principal points of creating effects of massed foliage, as seen from observation.
a distance; secondly, to edge the water with a
nearly continuous strip of reedy, aquatic plants, ommendations contained in a remarkable mewhich would bear occasional submergence; and morial presented to them by their professional thirdly, to provide these with backgrounds of advisers, to give to the architectural part of the low foliage, chiefly shrub willows and brightly Exposition, so far as possible, an appropriate tiowering local plants. Occasional stretches national character, by making a direct selecof well-kept lawn would also, where necessary, tion of representative architects; thus not only serve to refine the rustic aspect of the grounds. avoiding the serious delays and embarrassments
At the outset the Committee on Grounds and which would inevitably accompany any form of Buildings, together with D. H. Burnham, Chief competition, but at the same time enlisting the of Construction, were confronted by a delicate services of a body of professional experts to conand difficult problem. How were the designs for sider the architectural questions from the beginthese great buildings to be obtained ? Should ning and as a whole, and to lay out a scheme one architect be appointed for the whole, or, in of efficient and harmonious cooperation.1 view of the more practical alternativeofappoint- On January 12, 1891, the invited architects, ing one architect for each building, should these Messrs. R. M. Hunt, George B. Post, and be selected by general competition, by limited McKim, Mead, and White of New York, Peacompetition, or by direct selection ? After a body and Stearns of Bo on, Van Brunt and careful review of the subject, it was concluded Howe of Kansas City, together with Messrs. by the committee, in accordance with the rec- Adler and Sullivan, S. S. Beman, Henry Ives
1 Innumerable experiments with architectural com- thusiasm by men known to be in every way endowed petitions have made it clear enough that, of all the with these qualities, and the results achieved by them methods of selecting the architect, this is the most will be the measure by which America, and especially wasteful, unscientific, tedious, costly, demoralizing, and Chicago, must expect to be judged by the world. Sevuncertain. It is almost impossible to devise a com- eral methods of procedure suggest themselves : petitive scheme which will, as its result, secure to First. The selection of one man to whom the de. the building the best service, or to the competitors an signing of the entire work should be intrusted. opportunity to express their most useful qualities as Second. Competition made free to the whole archiarchitects. It seems equally evident that the establish. tectural profession. ment of confidential professional relations in the be- Third. Competition among a selected few. ginning with an architect chosen because of his proved Fourth. Direct selection, ability and experience, and not because of the accident The first method would possess some advantage in of his success in a game of chance, is economical of the coherent and logical result which would be attained. time and money, and consistent with honest business But the objections are that time for the preparation of principles. Therefore, the action of the Committee on designs is so short that no one man could hope to do Grounds and Buildings in this case is so memorable the subject justice, even were he broad enough to avoid, in the history of architectural practice, that we deem it in work of such varied and colossal character, monotimportant to print here the report upon which this onoas repetition of ideas. And, again, such a method action was based. This report was prepared by Mr. would evoke criticism, just or unjust, and would cerBurnham, and, at his request, was signed by all the pro- tainly debar the enterprise from the friendly coöperafesjonal advisers of the committee.
tion of a diversity of talent, which can be secured only
Dec. 6, 1890. by bringing together the best architectural minds of THE HONORABLE THE COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS our country. The second method named has been em
AND BUILDINGS, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN Ex- ployed in France and other European countries with POSITION.
success, and would probably result in the production Gentlemen : Preliminary work in locating buildings, of a certain number of plans possessing more or less in determining their general areas, and in other ele. merit and novelty. But in such a competition much mentary directions necessary to proper progress in the time, even now most valuable, would be wasted, and desiga and erection of the structures of the Columbian the result would be a mass of irrelevant and almost irExposition, has now reached a point where it becomes reconcilable material, which would demand great and necessary to determine the method by which designs extended labor to bring into coherence. It is greatly for these buildings shall be obtained.
to be feared that from such a heterogeneous competí. We recognize that your action in the matter will be tion the best men of the profession would refrain, not of great importance, not only in its direct effect upon only because the uncertainties involved in it are too the artistic and commercial success of the Exposition, great and their time too valuable, but because the socie. brat scarcely less upon the aspect presented by America ties to which they almost universally belong have so to the world, and also as a precedent for future pro- strongly pronounced on its futility. A limited and fair viure in the country by the Government, by corpora- competition would present fewer embarrassments, but tions, and individuals. In our advisory capacity we even in this case the question of time is presented, and wish to recommend such action to you as will be pro- it is most unlikely that any result derived through this ductive of the best results, and will at the same time be means, coming as it would from necessarily partial acin accord with the expressed sentiments of the archi- quaintance with the subject, and hasty, ill.considered tectural societies of America. Whatever suggestions presentation of it, could be satisfactory, and the selecare here madle relate to the main buildings located at tion of an individual would be open to the same objecJackson Park
tions made above as to a single designer. Far better That these buildings should in their designs, rela- than any of the methods seems to be the last. This is tionsbips, and arrangement be of the highest possible to select a certain number of architects, choosing each architectural merit is of importance scarcely less great man for such work as would be most nearly parallel than the variety, richness, and comprehensiveness of with his best achievements; these architects to meet the various displays within them. Such success is not in conference, and become masters of all the elements so much dependent upon the expenditure of money as of the problems to be solved, and agree upon some genupon the expenditure of thought, knowledge, and en- eral scheme of procedure. The preliminary studies re.
which many
Cobb, W.L.B. Jenney, and Burling and White- them has been of permanent value, and has house of Chicago, were called together to con- been followed with generous intelligence and sult with the chief of construction, the consult- to the manifest advantage of the Exposition. ing architect, and with Frederick Law Olmsted The basis of operations is explained by the and his partner, Henry Sargent Codman of plan of the grounds herewith presented, which Boston, regarding the architectural conditions exhibits in outline the result, not of the latest involved in the scheme of the Exposition. The studies, but of that stage of the work reached at latest plans of the consulting architect and land- the time when it was necessary to prepare the scape-architects, which, as a whole, had been map for the purpose of illustrating this paper. accepted by the National Commission and by In a subsequent paper we hope to present a the Chicago directors, were laid before this more comprehensive plan, indicating the naboard of architects for consideration. After an ture of the modification to which the whole exhaustive study of the whole problem, during scheme has been subject from month to month.
revisions and modifications more It will be observed that there are three grand or less fundamental were suggested and con- divisions. Of these the northernmost, which sidered, it was finally resolved to recommend had already been laid out as a park by the to the Committee on Grounds and Buildings city, is to be occupied centrally by the Departthe acceptance of the general scheme of loca- ment of Fine Arts, the State pavilions being tion of buildings and waterways, as prepared grouped north and west of it; while the foreign by Messrs. Root, Olmsted, and Codman, with government buildings will be placed east of it, but little modification. In fact the problem had toward the lake, and, if occasion requires, in been developed by these gentlemen with so the Plaisance, which is a long reserved tract much skill and with such exact forethought for 600 feet wide between 59th and both streets, all the conditions embraced in this vast compli- forming a boulevard approach to Jackson Park cation of interests, and the several stages of de- from the west. In this tract also areas have velopment had been so intelligently discussed been granted to foreign enterprise for the esby the committee and by the chief of construc- tablishment of model villages and groups of tion, that it was evident to the board of profes- pavilions illustrating the characteristics of dosional experts that they could devise no better mestic and industrial life in remote countries. starting-point for their specific part of the work. The middle division is formed by the lagoon,
The sudden death of Mr. Root, after a very the most characteristic landscape feature of the brief illness, during these preliminary sessions grounds. Thisisan irregular, artificialwater-way of the Architectural Board, deprived this great surrounding several islands, the largest among enterprise of services which would have been them being a wooded tract about 1700 feet long of peculiar value in perfecting the architectural and from 200 to 500 feet wide, the natural conwork, and which already had been an essential fac- ditions of which will be enhanced by aquatic tor in laying out the generalscheme of the build- shrubbery and flower-beds, with kiosks and rusings, and in facilitating an effective, fraternal tic pavilions approached by bridges. A part of coördination of professional labor such as rarely, the northern end of this island has been applied if ever, has occurred in the history of archi- for by,and will probably be granted to, the Japatecture. The strong initiative force furnished by nese commissioners, who propose to lay out a the generous enthusiasm and bright genius of considerable area in a characteristic garden, Root remained, however, with the Architectu- according to their ancient traditions in this art, ral Board, and has been an element constantly and to embellish it with exact reproductions of working for unity and strength in its councils. several of their most venerable temples. The
In all projects relating to the decoration outer margins of the lagoon will be occupied on of the grounds by sculpture and monumental the west by the Transportation Building, by the fountains, the large experience and cminent Horticultural Building, with its gardens, and authority of Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens have by the Woman's Building; on the east, toward been forces working silently for higher art, the lake, will stand the Palace of Manufactures greater nobility of expression, and more effec- and Liberal Arts, and the United States Pavilion. tive results. Unfortunately the work of his The lagoon branches capriciously northward own hand will not appear in these decorations; and eastward, giving water-fronts to the Pabut his advice in the selection of sculptors for vilion of Fine Arts, to the Illinois State Buildsulting from this to be compared and freely discussed dignified and friendly could not fail to be productive in a subsequent conference, and, with the assistance of of a result which would stand before the world as the such suggestions as your advisers might make, to be best fruit of American civilization. brought into a harmonious whole.
The honor conferred upon those selected would create D. H. BURNHAM, Chief of Construction. in their minds a disposition to place the artistic quality John W. Root, Consulting Architect. of their work in advance of the mere question of emolu. F. L. Olmsted & Co., Consulting Landscape Arch'ts. ment; while the emulation begotten in a rivalry so A. Gottlieb, Consulting Engineer.
ing, and to the Fisheries and United States as to serve as the monumental porch of the ExGovernment buildings. Southward this irregu- position. From the railroad terminus, through lar quadrangle is closed by the north façades of the arches of this porch and beneath its lofty the Mines and Electricity buildings.
dome, the visitors will enter the court, which is The lagoon connects southward with a sys- bounded on the right hand (south ward) by the tem of formal stone-bordered canals and ba- Departments of Machinery and Agriculture, on sins, where will be symmetrically placed the the left (northward) by those devoted to Mines, great plaza, or cour d'honneur, of the Exposi- Electricity, and to Manufactures and the Libtion, a regular quadrangle 700 by 2000 feet, eral Arts, and in front (eastward) by Lake about equal in size to that of the last Paris Michigan. The center of this court is occupied Exposition. Water-communication will be pro- by a great artificial basin which forms a part of vided for at the east end of this court, and the the water-system of the Park. Connecting with system of railroads will debouch at the west this basin, a broad canal, bordered by double end in a railroad terminus, masked by the Ad- terraces and crossed by arched bridges, will run ministration Building, which will be treated so southward into a minor court between the pal


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Slight increase in energy consumption in 2018
Denmark's observed energy consumption increased by 0.2% in 2018, while CO2 emissions increased by 0.3% as a result of higher consumption of fossil fuels. At the same time, a significant decline in North Sea production last year has led to a fall in total energy production of 10.5% according to the preliminary energy statistics for 2018 published by the Danish Energy Agency yesterday.
The offshore substation and the export cables is included in the scope of the Danish offshore wind farm tender
The offshore windfarm Thor will be tendered through tender with negotiation like in the previous Danish offshore wind tenders, and the grid connection from the wind farm to the onshore point of connection will be included in the scope of the tender.
New EIA process for Vesterhav Syd initiated
The Energy Board of Appeal has cancelled and withdrawn the part of the construction licence for the Vesterhav Syd Offshore Wind Farm concerning assessment of environmental impacts, with a view to renewed processing by the Danish Energy Agency. A new EIA process has been initiated.
Tender scheme for smaller solar PV installations determined
The tender scheme concerning a price premium for solar PV with an installed capacity of less than 1 MW has now been determined.
Call for bids in the technology neutral tender scheme 2018
Today, the Danish Energy Agency has opened a tendering scheme concerning a price premium for onshore wind, solar PV and open-door offshore wind. The deadline for bids is November 26 2018.
The Danish Energy Agency calls for bids in the tender scheme for solar PV
Today, the Danish Energy Agency has opened the tender scheme concerning a price premium for solar PV with an installed capacity of less than 1 MW. The deadline for bids is November 1 2018.
Significant increase in the consumption of renewable energy in 2017
Consumption of renewable energy increased by almost 11%, while coal consumption fell by 21% in 2017. Overall, this led to a large drop in energy-related CO2 emissions. This appears by the Danish Energy Agency's preliminary energy statistics for 2017, which also show that Denmark's degree of self-sufficiency increased last year.
Blue print for Ethiopian wind power expansion
With the launch of the Wind Project Development Roadmap report Ethiopia and Denmark are joining forces for large scale expansion of wind energy in East Africa. Experts from both countries have been sharing experiences with leading international experts to produce this guideline to successful development of wind projects in Ethiopia.
Historically low prices offered in Danish tender of aid for solar PV
The winning tenders in the pilot tender of aid for solar PV conducted by the Danish Energy Agency were for a premium of only 12.89 Danish øre per kWh. This result testifies that electricity from solar PV in Denmark can now compete with the cheapest sources of renewable energy.
Call for tenders on aid for solar PV
The Danish Energy Agency calls for tenders from businesses and private individuals regarding aid for 20 MW solar PV. A part of the tender is cross-border as 2.4 MW will be open to solar PV projects located in Germany. At the same time Germany conducts a tender on support for 50 MW solar PV, which is also open to installations in Denmark.

subset: commoncrawl


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Happy Monday!
Can you believe that it's July already?!!
That means that those of us who like to give handmade gifts for Christmas have less than six months to work on them. This month, all across blogland, you're going to be seeing Christmas in July posts to inspire you to get to started on your Christmas crafting.
Today and for the next six Monday's, I'll be sharing an adorable Days of the Week (DOW) set of vintage Workbasket embroidery patterns for Brownies that with a bit of red and green colored floss and a maybe a little tweaking of the pattern can be transformed into Christmas Elves.
If you don't celebrate Christmas, they could simply be embroidered as is. Or add some wings to change them from Brownies to Fairies.
And wouldn't they be fun to print out for little ones to color!
Whichever way you decide to use them, they are sure bring a smile. 🙂
Vintage Workbasket Embroidery Pattern – Days of the Week – Monday Brownie downloadable PDF
You can find the other brownies in the series by clicking on the links below:
For those who are newly subscribed or are visiting for the first time, every Monday I host a link party in which I invite others to share their hand embroidery projects.
If you've never linked up to a link party before and would like to join in, I've written a quick tutorial on How to Link Up to a Link Party. It provides step-by-step instructions for linking to this party (or any other link party you might like to participate in.)
The rules for the Stitchery Link Party are simple:
1. The project can be anything as long as it includes hand embroidery stitches in some form. Such projects might be but are not limited to redwork, blackwork, goldwork, bluework, (etc), counted cross-stitch, crazy quilting, crewel, silk ribbon, pulled thread, hardanger and sashiko.
These projects do not have to be vintage or vintage inspired. All styles are welcome as long as it's hand embroidered.
2. Link directly to your blog post, not to your blog home page.
3. If you happen to sell your embroidery or embroidery patterns, feel free to link up to a blog post you've written about a project you're selling, but No direct links to shops or websites selling things.
4. This will be a curated link party. In other words, if a link does not conform to the three simple rules above, it will be removed.
The next three are more requests than rules. They are by no means a requirement to take part in the party:
5. Please link back to the Stitchery Link Party with a text link somewhere in your post.
6. As well, please share the love and visit one or two (or more) of the other links and take time to leave a comment.
7. It would be wonderful if you decided to follow me but it's not necessary in order to take part in the link party.


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Introduction: Using an EReader As a Survial Tool
Just a quick thought simply because I haven't seen much in the way mentioned about such:
An eReader can be an invaluable survival or teaching tool.
You are talking about a device that can hold the equivalent of upwards around 2000 books (and that's just in the main memory)
Mine is loaded with around 20 survival, edible plant, poisonous plants, mushroom collecting, etc, books.
with a bit of care they can be made extremely stable to transport.:
For mine I purchases a Patagonia case and lined it with close density foam. Before it goes in my bag it is wrapped it a water tight bag.
I've heard the argument about battery life:
Well some of the black and white models have a battery life of up to two weeks, and with the purchase of a cheap solar charger that quickly becomes indefinite. They can be found as cheaply as six dollars, though I would invest i something a bit better myself.
Most will read any form of PDF file so there are literally millions of books at your disposal and any book from your own library which you scan into PDF format.
Let your imagination run wild. You can even find guides tailored to your specific area.
Just remember that the full color versions, though nice to look at, do not have nearly the battery life. we're talking hours compared to weeks.
FYI: for Cellphones such as android or Iphones you can also download either the NOOK or the Kindle software right from their web sights, though again you run into the situation of battery life.
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26 Comments
another idea is to look into game boy advance mods with the super card you can read e books popular formats can be converted plus music movies and games with the supercard on a mini sd card which is handy for storing collections it has a speaker if no headphones are available can use a worm light/magnifier light and it can use regular aa batteries I have also seen solar mods for it and others on here with Faraday cloth /ruggedized box container I could see it being indispensable
I recommend incorporating some kind of Faraday cloth or bag into your carrying case a large EMP pulse from a near by lightening strike for instance may be problematic not to mention the possibility of severe sun flares.
"Carrington Flare of 1859"
I would say an e-reader is a pretty good thing to take along even if you don't bother with any survival documents. If the weather is lousy and you have to lay up for a day or two, reading is an excellent way of passing the time.
E-readers can hold a lot of books - Mine can hold 32GB, which is a shedload (actually more like a barnfull), and can run for 2-4 weeks on a charge, so is low maintenance.
Don't forget to pack one of those solar cell/rechargable battery things if you're likely to run your e-reader down. You can buy them reasonably cheaply and thus can stay off grid indefinitely, at least as far as your reading goes. There's probably an Instructable on how to make one somewhere. Do be careful to buy/make one that has a solar array that at least offers a realistic chance of recharging the battery - Some of them are effectively just mains tethered battery packs with some decorative solar cells stuck on the outside that would take weeks of bright sunlight to accumulate even the modest charge that an e-reader takes.
Oh, nice Instructable, even if you should probably have said "epub" instead of PDF. :)
PDF is a page description format, whereas EPUB is a text flowing format, which is why PDFs aren't much good on e-readers, although some ebook sites will create a special PDF for you if your e-reader is one of their supported formats. These are still often not great, but are a lot better than US Letter or A4 PDFs.
I have the Kindle Fire and MANY survival books and reference manuals downloaded onto it. I can also email PDF files to it for future reference. I have catalogs and manuals that are in PDF format there.
Not sure I could survive long without music and you can download all your music into it as well!
My Kindle is DEFINATELY in my survival bag!
Glad it works for you.
My objection is more to do with their business practices, in truth.
I find that with Sigil and Calibre there isn't much, except for PDFs, that I can't usefully put on my PRS600. I prefer epub because I can enlarge the font without having to pan around the page to read it, or get out my reading glasses.
That said, in the UK taking to the hills is not really a viable proposition - It would probably be the best way to get yourself shot :(
If you are scanning books from your own libraries there is not much of a difference between PDF and Epub and the text is non-modifiable, at least in my experience.
This is a fantastic idea! You are right. I haven't seen any discussion of ebooks used like this. Since my wife just upgraded to the Kindle Fire, I think I'll take over her old one for this purpose...
Do you wrap the ebook in plastic inside the case or on the outside of the case? I was thinking that the latter might develop pinholes more easily.
What are some of your favorite selections for this purpose?
Do you have a light to go with it in case you need your info at night?
Best wishes,
Among the titles I have on mine are:
Hawke's Special Forces Survival Guide (it lays out very well in eBook form)
Bear Grylls Living World
FM 21-76 Army Survival Manuel
Outdoor Survival Book - Ray Mears
Wilderness Survival for Dummies (lol)
Common Edible and Useful Plants - Murial Sweet
Hallucinogenic and Poisonous Mushrooms - Gar P. Menser
And the first two are the only one that I wasn't able to find free online. (with a bit of searching)
I also copied and pasted edible plant information that I got online into Open Office and save it as a PDF. it reads perfectly on the NOOK. I imagine it will work the same on a Kindle.
Try: http://www.scribd.com/ To start. there is a ton of relevant books there including the PDF I was taking about that I made:
1Edible-Wild-Plants - Janie Plumpton
I usually put the whole thing i plastic so the case doesn't get wet but you make a valid point, perhaps a safer option. I was thinking also that it wouldn't hurt to put a packet of silicate beads in the bag as well to ward off moisture.
Thanks was looking for more books and programs , have an HP touchpad running CM9 that sole purpose is firearm and survival related. I have every manual of every firearm my friends and I own as well as the more popular guns, gunsmith and tactical videos. But I wanted more survival books or programs. I don't how handy it will come in a Zombie Apocalypse :) But you can never have enough resources.
Best all around book on the subject, IMHO; Tom Brow's Field Guide to Wilderness Survivial. If you only got to choose one or start with one, I would make it that. I actually give it out to my scouts when they get to the right level
have you been able to fine an eBook version of this book? I have spent some time today looking and all I have been able to fine is actual hard copies.
sorry, find, not fine
I'm not so sure about Tom Brown. All of his books received some very telling 2, 3, and 4 star reviews from Amazon purchases. Got any more common-sense recommendations?
Have you had a chance to check out Camping ans Wilderness Survival by Paul Tawrell? Though again it's not an eBook, but the revised edition is pretty good. I have the original edition myself and rather enjoy it. My second choice, which I have both in paperback and E form would be the Hawke's Special Forces Survival Manuel, next is another paperback called How to Stay Alive in the Woods by Bradford Angier, though again not available in E form. I do have the Wilderness Survival for Dummies in both forms as well. I grabbed that because I had been talking with a few friends that endorsed it, though I have not as of yet had a chance to read it. Might be worth a glance for you as well.
Sorry I can't be of more help than that but I do hope one of those four fit the bill for you.
Also I find that almost any kind of clip on book light works. I would post a picture of mine but my 4 year old ran off with it and I haven't been able to find it. LOL
Great idea! I jusrt downloaded Desert Survival in PDF format and converted it to EPUB with Calibre. I have a Kobo, not the greatest thing but it works ok for me.
This is a great idea, something I've toyed with, too. I have a Zune HD (now discontinued, I think) that has an 'e-reader' app; unfortunately, this allows text files only. BUT, I've loaded on several outdoors-themed books, and have actually used this mini portable library while on a camping trip at the Grand Canyon. Also have used the notes app to keep lists for camping supplies, medicine usage directions, travel directions, and so on. So, your idea is right on the mark, I think.
If you have a solar charger for your e-reader, does it matter so much that you can only get several hours out of it? In a survival situation, I'd believe you would have enough time to get useful information, then allow for recharging while you're doing other things.
It's fascinating that one can carry a whole library, along with movies (maybe demonstrating survival techniques), games to keep one's mind fresh, music to help keep calm, a compass app, and so much more. All this comes for just the weight and size of the e-reader device, solar charger, and cable - a real bargain for what you can actually be carrying around.
This is kind of like the beginning of the tricorder era. LOVE IT!!
The problem with solar chargers is that they can take 8 to 10 hours of strong sunlight to fully charge, so if you're trapped in a tent all day because of rain and such your ability to charge anything will be lacking.
The other thing to consider is that most color readers have a glossy screen which makes them near impossible to read in sunlight, whereas most black and white readers can be read in direct sunlight.
And the last reason I decided on the black and white is because of cost. You can now find the first generation NOOK on Ebay of around $30. Not too bad a cost when you consider the hardships that may befall the reader on the trail. If something where to happen to it $30 is not a huge a loss compared to upward around $160 to $250.
These where the reasons I decided on the black and white, but the color ones are very attractive as well.
Great points, thanks for clarifying! I've never used a solar charger, and wasn't aware that an older e-reader could be had so inexpensively. You've got me seriously thinking about doing this sooner rather than later - great concept!
You are very welcome :)
Just glad I could help.


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Additive Manufacturing Die Casting Meets 3D Printing
From die casting for mass production to individual production with additive manufacturing. Everything you need to know about the use of 3D printing.
Related Vendors
In the following you will find a collection of relevant articles on additive manufacturing with a focus on metal processing. In particular, articles focusing on the use of 3D printing in the automotive and aerospace industries will be shown.
Service Providers
Specialists in Additive Manufacturing
3D Printing
3D Printing — Possibilities and Current Limitations
3D Metal Printing
Methods of 3D Metal Printing
3D Metal Printing
5 Tips for Additive Manufacturing Designs
3D Printing - the End of Aluminium Casting?
Basic Knowledge
3D Printing in Tool and Mold Making
3D Printing with Sand
Rapid Casting for Shorter Delivery Times of Prototypes
3D Metal Printing
Comparison of Two Multi-Laser 3D Printers
Planning Basics
Additive Manufacturing: Cost Factors and Cost Optimization
How the Automobile Industry Uses 3D Printing
Future projects of the automotive industry, e.g. electromobility, require enormous investments to enable their development at all. Structural and lightweight design in particular plays a major role here. Many lightweight components are already produced with the 3D printer.
Hybrid Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing and Casting - a Novel Hybrid Approach
Volkswagen, HP, GKN: 3D Printing in Series Production
Press Release
BMW Group Makes Increasing Use of 3D Printing
Insights into Practice
A Visit to Audi's 3D Printing Center
France: Additive Metal Fabrication
Renault Trucks Prints Engine Components
Press Release
Ford with Trinckle for Design Automation of 3D Printing Tools
Additive Manufacturing
Franken Guss Breathes New Life into Classic Cars
How the Aerospace Industry Uses 3D Printing
Weight savings also play a key role in the aerospace industry. Additive manufacturing can be used to replace the heaviest components with 3D printers.
Additive Manufacturing
Lightweight Seat Frame Saves up to 550 kg
Additive production
Metal 3D Printing for aerospace engineering
Metal Powder for 3D Printing
Voestalpine Boosts Aerospace Business
3D Printing for the Aerospace Industry Tested by Scientists
More Information about 3D Printing
More information about 3D printing services, 3D printing processes, materials used and much more.


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How to select the best Hunting Knife
All outdoors men should have a looking knife. Choosing a looking knife that is going to match all your requirements is usually a challenge, because there are many different methods in preparing to head out into the outdoor wilderness, no matter what your journey. With that said, there are many different choices to choose from in hunting knives.
You can choose the hunting knife that you want from many different types, such as the popular Rambo knife, Crocodile Dundee knives, Afghan knives, and many others. It is essential to become familiar with the different features and what to do with those features, if you want to be able to choose the ideal knife. Once you learn the reason a knife has serrated edges, and a hinge that lets you fold it, or why it has a sluggish curve down the length of it, you will enjoy shopping for one more. When shopping for a knife keep in mind that it is the handle that makes it easier for you to handle its blade. Your wanting to find a knife that gives you less difficulty with motion of the blade, having an easy grip. Being able to manage the knife will put you into the position of being safer.
Find The Best Camp Hatchet Here.
The recommended choice in picking out a hunting knife is to pick one that does not have leather, wood, bone, or plastic handle as its managing substance, because all of these can be slippery, more so when it comes into contact with sweat or blood, and even when it comes in contact with drinking water. When shopping for a hunting knife, it is best to get one that has been made of materials such as rubber or composite. This makes them extremely sturdy, but because of the better material the price will be a little higher.
However, it does offer many different styles and hues for you to choose from. Such as the Rambo knife having an incredible design and is very smooth. The majority of those searching for a hunting knife prefer the 1st Blood Aspect of II knife of the Deluxe Rambo, for the top grain and genuine leather sheath. There are two different kinds of knifes, the folding knife, and the set blade knife. With the folding knife having a hinge, which lets you fold and unfold it using just one hand.
A folding knife can be carried in a pocket or on a belt clip. A drawback with this is that it is not suitable for carving on large game, or under taking large survival duties, due to it being small. A fixed blade knife uses blades that can be lengthen. The blades of these have a better foundation as well. You can carry these in several ways, such as on a belt clip, a boot, and an arm sheath. For a comparison, folding knives (fastened blade knives) would be suited better in searching on a substantial video game.
So, whether it is a Rambo knife, a Machete, or the Explorer Experience package knife that you favor, the important thing to remember is the reason you are getting it for, and if it is going to meet all of your needs.


text: Universal's "Fast & Furious" franchise has sold over $1.8 billion in tickets worldwide, but it's not on the A-list. But it has a ginormous following: Its Facebook page has 24.9 million "likes," more than any active film series except "Avatar." Its star, Vin Diesel, has 39 million Facebook fans; among actors, only Will Smith has more. So the studio is promoting "Fast & Furious 6" with online promotions, and an ad on the Super Bowl. It got more buzz than "Iron Man 3" and "Star Trek Into Darkness." The "Fast & Furious 6" extended Super Bowl ad has been viewed more than 16 million times on YouTube. The equivalent "Iron Man 3" spot has about 3 million views.


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It is fair to say that fashion and personal style is some thing that many girls feel to be critical. So several options and I am loving the River Island sleeveless version of the utility jacket, would appear fab with a super fairly shirt underneath with blouson sleeves..Perfect. In case you do not know who Cojo is, he's the kooky fashion critic usually appearing on Entertainment tonight. Most of the political events and laws are affecting fashion in a way of creating fashion trend. Covet Fashion enables Facebook intergration with the game so that you can add your actual life Facebook buddies and borrow things for their closets. Although Tripp is trendy and not for every person, it is refreshing to see one thing new in the way of fashion for guys.
Protection and Warmth: Though the basic goal of dressing can be warmth and protection but fashion nevertheless has its roots in adornment, decoration and ornamentation. Club Monaco may appear in a purchasing mall in the a clot of uninspiring fashion retailers like Banana Republic or Express, but do not be fooled, it's quite diverse. They offer customers the newest trends along with thousands of fashion products from designers across Asia. Modern fashion got strength throughout Renaissance time Aristocrats of Renaissance time have been excellent patrons of fashion. Mall Planet is only offered by means of Facebook but is fully free of charge to play creating it a extremely common Stardoll alternative.
The pioneer couture fashion designer Charles Frederick Worth, opened his fashion house, 'The Residence of Worth' in 1858, just around the time that women's yearnings for much more sensible yet fashionable clothing was desired. Forever21 also runs an active weblog complete of fashion guidelines, competitions, and other fashion industry-connected news. Style Me Girl lets you shop thousands of distinct designs, pick various poses to produce awesome snapshots, decorate your pictures with accessories, unlock fashion genres and play mini games for coins. The principal attraction to IMVU more than other websites like Stardoll is the content creation aspect that enables users to easily create their personal fashion or other content material for the IMVU universe. One particular of the most common fashion merchandising show tricks, for instance, is moving the clearance or sale section to the back of the shop.
Go get a makeover at a cosmetics store to try new looks and get feedback from your fashion pals. Lady Common is presently 1 of the most well-known fashion and dress up web sites accessible and has vast appeal to a female audience with its wide range of activities. You can discover Fashion Houses either by browsing on the game itself, through word-of-mouth (if you have other buddies who play, you can ask them which home they're in), through Facebook (join 1 of the numerous Covet Fashion Facebook groups and you will see tons of FH suggestions), or you can even make your own Fashion Home! Right here you can find out about the season's hottest designs and excellent fashion finds below $100.
Vinyard Vines , inspired by life on Martha's Vineyard, is a colorful, preppy fashion brand with a full assortment of clothes that exudes character. Benefits of major investigation is distinct details about a fashion brand's consumer is explored. On Mall Planet you will focus on buying for clothes even though also operating your own fashion shop and ideal of all you can go to retailers that your friends run. The museum will present a complete calendar of programming in conjunction with the exhibit which includes talks by curators, fashion sketching sessions, and even YSL's favourite films.


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Date of Award
Spring 5-2013
Degree Type
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Committee Chair
Derek L. Patton
Committee Chair Department
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Committee Member 2
Robert Y. Lochhead
Committee Member 2 Department
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Committee Member 3
Daniel A. Savin
Committee Member 3 Department
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Committee Member 4
Sarah E. Morgan
Committee Member 4 Department
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Committee Member 5
Charles L. McCormick
Committee Member 5 Department
Polymers and High Performance Materials
Photopolymerization provides a unique ability to control variables typically uncontrollable using traditional thermally initiated polymerization, thus leading to its use in a broad range of commercial operations. Many of the traditional photopolymers suffer from several setbacks, including oxygen inhibition, unwanted stress buildup which leads to bulk shrinkage, etc., which ultimately lead to diminished polymer performance. The photopolymerization of multifunctional thiols and alkenes has been shown to provide a means to improve upon the weaknesses of traditional photoinitiated polymerizations. The free radical polymerization of thiol and –ene monomers occurs via a series of free radical chain transfer events, as a result, they do not suffer from oxygen inhibition or unwanted stress buildup during network formation. Crosslinked thiol-ene networks, however, are not characterized as having high moduli or glass transition temperatures due to their chemical makeup (i.e., flexible thio-ether linkages).
In this work, we describe the modification and characterization of thiol-ene networks using various functional materials (either covalently or physically mixed) in an effort to improve the physical properties of the network. In the first study, organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing stable silanol functionalities were designed by incorporating cyclic tetravinyl siloxanetetraols into photopolymerized polymer networks via the thiol-ene reaction, with the intent of tailoring the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The second study focused developing structure-property relationships of a modified thiol-ene network as a function of catechol concentration. Ultimately, the catechol functionality played a role in improving the physical properties (i.e., thermomechanical, mechanical and adhesion) of the crosslinked networks. In the third study, graphene oxide materials (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) were incorporated into three different thiol-ene networks at various loading levels. The mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the networks were investigated to determine the effect of graphene oxide loading percentage on the physical properties of the materials. In the final study, superhydrophobic films were prepared, where a hybrid organic-inorganic thiol-ene materials was sprayed onto a surface using an airbrush. Using the combination of the spraying technique and the incorporation of functionalized silica nanoparticles, a film with dual-scale roughness on the micro- and nano-scale was achieved resulting in the formation of superhydrophobic films with self-cleaning properties.
2013, Bradley James Sparks
Recommended Citation
Sparks, Bradley James, "Photopolymerization and Characterization of Modified Thiol-ene Networks" (2013). Dissertations. 479.


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Guac and potato skins in one bite!
For this easy Super Bowl snack, we combined two of our favorite game day indulgences — guacamole and roasted potato skins.
We start by creating potato boats, which are dusted with a spicy (you control the heat) seasoning mix, then baked until tender inside and lightly browned outside. Meanwhile, we make a delicious batch of guacamole and — as soon as the potato boats have cooled a bit — spoon heaping mounds of it into them.
Then we eat as many as possible.
Want to dress them up some more? Nothing wrong with sprinkling the tops with grated cheese, cooked bacon, cooked and crumbled sausage, jalapeno pepper slices, chopped onion or whatever else strikes you.
Start to finish: 40 minutes
Servings: 8
2 tablespoons packed brown sugar
1 teaspoon dried thyme
1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
1/2 teaspoon smoked paprika
1 teaspoon ground cumin
1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon cayenne (depending on desired heat)
Kosher salt and ground black pepper
2 pounds medium russet potatoes (about 4)
2 tablespoons butter, melted
3 avocados, pitted and peeled
2 tablespoons chopped pickled jalapenos
3 scallions, chopped
1 tablespoon lime juice
1 tablespoon red wine vinegar
Heat the oven to 450 degrees. Line a rimmed baking sheet with foil.
In a small bowl, combine the brown sugar, thyme, garlic powder, smoked paprika, cumin, cayenne, 1 teaspoon of salt and 1/2 teaspoon of pepper. Set aside.
Slice 1/2-inch-thick slices off both sides of each potato, reserving the middle third of each potato for another use (put them in water and refrigerate to prevent them from darkening). Using a melon baller, scoop out a bit of the flesh from each potato slice to create shallow bowls.
Arrange the potato slices on the prepared pan. Pat dry with paper towels. Brush all over with the melted butter. Sprinkle with the spice mixture. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes, or until the outsides are crisped and browned and the flesh of the potatoes is tender.
While the potatoes bake, prepare the guacamole. In a medium bowl, combine the avocados, jalapenos, scallions, lime juice and vinegar. Mash with a fork or wooden spoon until the guacamole is as chunky or smooth as you prefer. Season with salt and black pepper.
Allow the potatoes to cool slightly, then scoop a spoonful of guacamole into the hollow of each potato. Serve immediately.
Nutrition information per serving: 220 calories; 130 calories from fat (59 percent of total calories); 14 g fat (3.5 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 10 mg cholesterol; 270 mg sodium; 25 g carbohydrate; 7 g fiber; 5 g sugar; 3 g protein.


text: Beyonders last edited by Phantom25 on 08/26/22 11:23AM View full history Relation between the Beyonders and the BeyonderThe Beyonders originally had only minor appearances in Marvel comics, with cameos in Marvel Two-in-One and a few other issues. Their position and influence changed when Tom DeFalco became editor in chief. DeFalco was very unhappy and upset with Jim Shooter's unrelated omnipotent character the Beyonder [singular], and had writer Steve Engelhart retcon him in two issues of Fantastic Four, using the previously-existing race of Beyonders [plural] as the key to the change.The Beyonders now became the creators of the Beyonder, who shifted from being an individual all-powerful entity to merely one in a series of sentient Cosmic Cubes, along with the Shaper of Worlds and Kubik. Not only that, he was in fact only part of a Cosmic Cube, along with Owen Reece, the Molecule Man. After spending time as a Cube, the Beyonder emerged in a new female form known as Kosmos, and later took the name of the Maker. She was eventually put in a coma by Thanos and then seemingly killed during the events of Annihilation. A later possible retcon of the Beyonder/Kosmos/Maker's origin by Brian Bendis posited that he was in fact neither a solitary entity nor a sentient Cosmic Cube, but in fact a mutant Inhuman. This retcon is problematic as it does not address the now-lengthy documentation of the relationship between the Beyonder and the Beyonders, the origin of Reece's power (which is also through the Cosmic Cube), or his time spent as a physical Cosmic Cube with Reece. Bendis himself has said the mutant Inhuman storyline was deliberately left vague, and since it has not been referenced since its original publication, it is unknown if it is canon. Since Bendis' possible retcon leaves any new relationship between the Beyonder and the Beyonders undescribed and unclear, and because the canonicality of the Bendis retcon is ambiguous, the Beyonders history below will follow the "original" retcon by Engelhart.Description and History of the BeyondersDescriptionThe Beyonders are a race of extradimensional beings of infinite power. They have meddled and experimented with the normal multiverse numerous times throughout history, utilizing several alien species and creating the Cosmic Cubes, objects of immense power in their own right. They are named after their dimension, which is beyond normal space and time.The Beyonders cannot leave their home dimension, and have never been seen. It is unknown if they ever manifest a physical form. When they contact aliens in our universe, they do so through a device called a radical cube. They do not experience time chronologically. Even amongst the various amount of other extra-dimensional and cosmic entities, they are a mystery. The Shaper of Worlds, who developed from one of their Cosmic Cubes, says that they wish us well and want us to grow and be like them.Their dimension has been shown both as a lightless universe and as a universe of pure white. The Fantastic Four were able to reach it using one of Reed Richards' ships, flying through a chain of dimensions starting from the Negative Zone. Kubik and Kosmos (who both derive from the Beyonders' Cosmic Cubes) were able to travel there on their own power.Experiments with Alien RacesOne of the Beyonders' first experiments was to commission the alien Nuwali (from our dimension) to create the Savage Land on Earth, in order to study evolution and change, which are apparently topics of interest to the Beyonders. The Nuwali made an area that was warmed by technologically-enhanced volcanoes and had plants and animals from various eras of Earth's history. They also wrote out "Beyonder" in enormous letters, which were later found by the Fantastic Four. The Beyonders stopped paying the Nuwali in gold after tiring of their reports, and the Nuwali eventually left; the Savage Land later went through various changes due to the influence of various Earth races such as the Deviants.Having begun by paying other aliens to do their work, the Beyonders moved on to create their own self-motivated race, the Fortisquians, who flew around the universe in ships that looked like comets, observing various civilizations. They would leave a few "Forts" on each planet. They learned that all beings are driven by desire--which was one of the Beyonder's main observations as well. The Beyonders later told the "Forts" to come back to Earth and tune up the Nuwali's volcano-heating devices.The Beyonders also had some aliens called the Prime Movers of Tarkus, led by Captain Sphinxor, tow the High Evolutionary's Counter-Earth to their "museum." This museum was seemingly in another "space sector" or our universe, not in the Beyonders' native dimension. The High Evolutionary consented to them taking it, but when they arrived, he saw a giant arm, dwarfing anything even he had seen before, take the planet and put it among a collection of other unusual planets. Seeing the enormity of the arm and what it represented, as well as seeing the pinnacle of his accomplishments treated like a mere curio, made the High Evolutionary go temporarily insane. It is unknown whether this arm was a true manifestation of the Beyonders' shape, or whether they have collected anything other than planets in their museum.The Cosmic Cubes, Molecule Man, and the BeyonderThe next step in interacting with our universe, and experimenting with the ideas of evolution and desire, was to create the Cosmic Cubes. These are objects of enormous power, able to alter reality on a great (but finite) scale. They are made by releasing power from the Beyonders' dimension into ours, power which is then contained in a small cube-shaped field. These Cubes allow their possessor to recreate reality in whatever way they desire (up to a point; the Cubes are less powerful than, for instance, the Living Tribunal or Eternity). These cubes eventually evolve (or more properly, develop) into sentient beings with similar powers to the Cubes themselves. Three Cubes have developed into sentient beings thus far. The first cube was made by the Skrulls, and turned into the Shaper of Worlds. The group of scientists known as A.I.M., on Earth, created another cube, which turned into Kubik.The third main cube followed a different, less direct path toward sentience. Owen Reece, a lowly janitor in a nuclear plant, started an accident, triggering the release of the Beyonders' energy. Some of that energy leaked into Reece, and he became the powerful Molecule Man. However, the majority of the energy leaked into another dimension. That energy developed a kind of proto-sentience of its own, and looked back through the pinhole of energy into our own dimension, seeing Reece. As it slowly became self-aware, the energy became an entity, and continued to observe our dimension. Eventually, this entity tried its own experiment, bringing a number of Earth heroes and villains to a newly-formed Battleworld to fight for their greatest desires. In this way it followed the thematic path set by its creators, the Beyonders.This entity eventually came to Earth, calling itself the Beyonder, and had various misadventures. He seemed to be all-powerful, millions of times more powerful than all the power in our multiverse combined. However, Reece eventually "killed" the Beyonder when he was in a weakened state, and the Beyonder's energy returned to its original Beyond-realm. The explosion of this energy, similar to our own Big Bang, eventually slowed and cooled and turned into a new physical universe.However, after some machinations by Dr. Doom (who wanted the Beyonder's power), the Molecule Man, Shaper of Worlds, and Kubik ended up in the Beyonder's new universe, and they talked to the Beyonder, who was still self-aware and able to manifest himself physically. The Beyonder finally came to understand that he was not as powerful as he had thought. The cosmic entities of our universe had just been letting him think that he was all-powerful to allow him time to more fully develop his self. His power, along with Reece's, was only the power of one Cosmic Cube which had accidentally never taken on cube form.The Beyonder and Reece then merged together and became a new cube. Eventually the cube reached the necessary degree of self-awareness, and Reece's essence was sent back to Earth. The cube turned into a new female being, Kosmos. Thus the Beyonders' interests in desire and evolution came to a head in the self-developed sentience of the wish-fulfilling cubes.These experiments with the Cosmic Cubes were apparently permitted by the multiversal judge known as the Living Tribunal and other cosmic forces such as Eternity with Lord Order and Master Chaos of our universe.The Beyonders later returned to the Marvel Multiverse under the aliases The Ivory Kings and became locked in a deadly race with Rabum Alal which translates to the Great Destroyer, to see who could annihilate the Multiverse first which their plan was to set off the universe bombs across the Multiverse which turned to be the Molecule Man.In one single plan, a trio of Beyonders took down the Captain Britain Corps, along with all of the Celestials in every single universe and with this they killed all of the Abstract beings like Eternity and Infinity and then brutally murdered The Living Tribunal ensuring that the end of days could not be halted by anyone and having Yellow Jacket (Hank Pym) to utter "They did this all on a whim." implying they didnt want to do so before but they had to.PlotThe Beyonders "Losing" was all part of the plot for starting the Secret Wars event that lead to their apparent death since they couldn't manipulate time for some reason even when their child unit, aka the Beyonder, can do so on whim. It was also for the plot for Dr.Doom to obtain once again "Omnipotence" or "God Hood" some may say God Doom isn't omnipotent but Tom Brevoort confirmed this on his Tumblr.Powers and AbilitiesSecret Wars Guide to the Marvel Multiverse.The Beyonders are a omnipotent race having the capacity to wield unlimited power at their will they have also shown to be Omnipresent able to fight The Living Tribunal in all realities simultaneously and able to wipe out Eternity, Infinity ,Chaos and Order, the In-Betweener, and the entire Celestial race from existence as they are also able to create Universes and to manipulate them to their will. This doesn't stop there. While they posses near-infinite knowledge they also wield high levels of regenerative powers, capable of repairing instantly when they are damaged, as well as flight, shapeshifting, and cosmic energy blasts capable of destroying Eternity (which means they can attack conceptual beings). It was later confirmed by the 2015 handbook that they are an All-Powerful race. Font-sizeParagraphHeader 4Header 3Header 2 Quote Link Img Table TweetClean sizeSMLpositionLCRUDchangeCreditDeletesizeSMpositionLRUDchangetitle 1title 2captiondelete×Edit Image TitleTitle: CancelUpdate×Embed ImageWhat size image should we insert? (This will not affect the original upload) Small Medium How do you want the image positioned around text? Float Left Float Right CancelInsertGo to LinkUnlinkChange× Link to Comic Vine Content AllWiki Arcs Characters Companies Concepts Issues Locations Movies People Teams Things Volumes Series EpisodesEditorial Videos Articles Reviews FeaturesCommunity Users You can search for any Comic Vine content. CancelCreate Link×Link to a pageAllWiki Arcs Characters Companies Concepts Issues Locations Movies People Teams Things Volumes Series EpisodesEditorial Videos Articles Reviews FeaturesCommunity Users You can search for any Comic Vine content. 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text:
Also known as: Jumanji 3 (alternative title)
Release Date: December 4th, 2019 (Finland, France, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan)
Directed by: Jake Kasdan
Written by: Jake Kasdan, Jeff Pinkner, Scott Rosenberg
Based on: Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg
Music by: Henry Jackman
Cast: Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black, Kevin Hart, Karen Gillan, Nick Jonas, Awkwafina, Danny Glover, Danny DeVito, Marin Hinkle
Matt Tolmach Productions, Seven Bucks Productions, The Detective Agency, 123 Minutes
"Getting old is a gift. I forget that sometimes, but it is. What more could a guy possibly want?" – Eddie
To start, this wasn't as good of a movie as the one before it but it was still an entertaining, lighthearted and fun picture that allowed for real escapism, which seems to be a lost art these days.
I also like that there are minor jabs at modern political correctness. Or it's possible that the filmmakers just haven't gotten the memos that the rest of Hollywood has gotten over the last few years.
This film focuses on the same core characters from the previous movie but it also adds in Danny DeVito and Danny Glover and this time, when they all enter the video game world, most of the characters find themselves in different avatars. This is kind of the big gag of this film but it runs out of gas fairly quickly.
It was initially funny seeing The Rock a.k.a. Dwayne Johnson trying to act like Danny DeVito but the joke wore thin pretty fast. Now that's not a knock against The Rock, it's a knock against the writers pushing it so hard for too long in the film.
But this was also offset by Kevin Hart playing old man Danny Glover. Hart was actually great at this and he was my favorite character in this chapter of the franchise because he did it so well.
We also get a few new avatars added to the cast, as there are now seven players in the game instead of just the five from the first movie.
The problem with this movie, is that it feels completely unnecessary and it's just more of the same. Simply switching personalities around in the avatars isn't going to carry or even justify the story. Like I said, it's a gag that worked but flattened out quickly.
If you liked the first movie, you'll still probably like this one. While it just rehashes the whole concept just because it can, a lot of the sequences at least feel creative. I liked the part with the moving bridges and thought that the new mountain setting for the finale was cool.
Still, I didn't need this movie and I don't really feel like another film is necessary but we're probably going to get it anyway because if something makes money, Hollywood will just recycle it with as little effort as possible.
Rating: 7/10
Pairs well with: the other Jumanji films, as well as Zathura.


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A nation must think before it acts.
Dominic Tierney received his Ph.D. in international politics from Oxford University, and has held fellowships at the Mershon Center at Ohio State University, the Olin Institute at Harvard, and the JFK School of Government at Harvard. A regular contributor to The Atlantic Online, he is the author of three books—most recently, How We Fight: Crusades, Quagmires, and the American Way of War (Little, Brown and Co., 2010).
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
5:30 Registration; 5:45 Program
National Liberty Museum
321 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19102 [display map]
Free for Members of FPRI and the National Liberty Museum, $20 for non-members
NOTE: FPRI Members at the bronze level are invited to dinner immediately following.
321 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia. PA. US. 19106
Reservations are required. RSVP: firstname.lastname@example.com
For more information contact 215 732 3774, ext 303 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I have been enjoying my adventure living with my family here in Singapore for almost 5 years now. I am happy to chronicle my discoveries and my life here as well as my travels in neighboring countries in my blog: www.littlemisshoney.com. Frankly, we don't know how long we plan to stay here and where life would lead us in the next few years to come. But for now, we are enjoying the ride of living in a beautiful, safe Singapore.
Through my blog, I also got to know several 'adventurers' like me who are exploring the beauty of living in daily discovery in a country that is not their home country. We often prefer to live in the familiar with fear of the unknown. But venturing out in a different world, with different culture, different languages, different way of life is one way of 'carpie diem-ing' out of life. Our world becomes bigger, our views become more broaden and our group of friends grew in size. It is an awesome way of living. Scary but awesome.
So, I was so honoured to be chosen by iCompareFx as the Best Expat Blog 2017 in Singapore.
Check out the other blog representing other countries here. I am happy to continue sharing my Singapore life and discoveries on my blog, facebook page and instagram. Do follow me in my social media channels for more.
In that note, I am featuring expats in different countries on my blog to share their experiences and adventures with you and me. If you are an expat or know any expats who are interested to be featured, drop me a line at email@example.com."


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Factors To Consider Before Choosing A Hypnosis Specialist
When you are looking for a finest hypnosis specialist, there some points that you need to consider. First one has to look at the bigger picture. You need to look for a hypnosis specialist that suits your needs. When locating a hypnosis specialist, you may find it challenging especially when you are new to that area. You need to make sure that you get to know all your needs before choosing any hypnosis specialist. It is instructed that because there many hypnosis specialists that are advertised, you need to make sure that you take your time before getting into a commitment with any hypnosis specialist. You are requited to ask your friends and families for their suggestion of great hypnosis specialists. If you do not know much about these hypnosis specialists then you are advised to read this article and understand the important aspects to look into beforehand.
The first point to look into is the credibility and accessibility of a hypnosis specialist. You need to understand how stable a hypnosis specialist. These situations where a hypnosis specialist may be facing rough seasons, you need to make sure that you can rely on the particular hypnosis specialist that you are interested in. There many benefits that an individual gets after access to the finest hypnosis specialist. You need to look at the familiarity of the hypnosis specialist. For a hypnosis specialist to provide top-class services, they have to be legally permitted to provide these facilities. A hypnosis specialist is required to have a valid insurance and licensing details. This is to certify that the particular hypnosis specialist, is well insured and in case of any accidents that may occur in the line of duty an insurance company will have to compensate its clients. It is guided that you should work with an experienced hypnosis specialist for you to get the finest facilities.
A hypnosis specialist should be well known for their provisions. Which means that they should have been in the industry for a long time. You need to look at the credentials provided by the hypnosis specialist. When most clients are pleased with the provisions, they tend to refer their friends and also comment down their remarks. For you to trust a particular hypnosis specialist, you need to make sure that they have served a lot of clients and most of the clients were happy. Therefore, you are guided to check on the online reviews and hear from the patrons. A hypnosis specialist that is highly rated tends to be excellent in their services, therefore, you should not hesitate to work with the hypnosis specialist. You need to look at the payment option provided by the hypnosis specialist. For you to get quality services, you need to certify that you are offered secure and trustworthy method of payment. When it comes to money, an individual is asked to be extra careful with them not to land to any frauds. Meaning that you will have to work with a professional.


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An Inside Update on Natural Language Processing
This article is an interview with computational linguist Jason Baldridge. It's a good read for data scientists, researchers, software developers, and professionals working in media, consumer insights, and market intelligence. It's for anyone who's interested in, or needs to know about, natural language processing (NLP).
Jason and NLP go way back. As a linguistics graduate student at the University of Edinburgh, in 2000, Jason co-created the OpenNLP text-processing framework, now part of Apache. He joined the University of Texas linguistics faculty in 2005 and, a few years back, helped build a text analytics system for social-media agency Converseon. Jason's Austin start-up, People Pattern, applies NLP and machine learning for social-audience insights; he co-founded the company in 2013 and serves as chief scientist. Finally, he'll keynote on "Personality and the Science of Sharing" and teach a tutorial at the 2016 Sentiment Analysis Symposium.
(Save 10% with the KDNUGGETS registration code.)
In sum, Jason is an all-around cool guy, and he deserves special recognition for providing the most thorough Q&A responses I have ever received in response to an interview request. The interview? This one, covering AI, neural networks, computational linguistics, Java vs. Scala, and accuracy evaluation with a detour into Portuguese-English translation challenges, that is --
An Inside Update on Natural Language Processing
Seth Grimes> Let's jump in the deep end. What's the state of NLP, of natural language processing?
Jason Baldridge> There's work to be done.
The first thing to keep in mind is that many of the most interesting NLP tasks are AI-complete. That means we are likely to need representations and architectures that recognize, capture, and learn knowledge about people and the world in order to exhibit human-level competence in these tasks. Do we need to represent word senses, predicate-argument relations, discourse models, etc? Almost certainly. An optimistic deep learning person might say "the network will learn all that," but I'm skeptical that a generic model structure will learn all these things from the data that is available to it.
Seth> So you're an neural-network skeptic.
Jason>No, they are a great set of tools and techniques that are providing large improvements for many tasks. But they aren't magic and they won't suddenly solve every problem we throw at them, out-of-the-box. When it comes to language, the only competent device we know of for processing human language fully -- the human brain -- is the result of hundreds of millions of years of evolution. That process has afforded it with a complex architecture that dwarfs the relative puny networks that are used for language and vision tasks today.
Humans learn language from a surprisingly small amount of data, and they go through different phases in that process, including memorization to generalization (including overgeneralization, e.g., "Mommy goed to the store"). Having said that, I love the boldness and confidence of the neural optimists, but I think we will need to figure out the architectures and the reward mechanisms by which a very deep network processes, represents, stores, and generalizes information and how it relates to language. That will imply choices about how lexicons are stored, how morphological and syntactic regularities are captured, and so on.
Is there academic computational-linguistics work that you'd call out as interesting, surfaced in NLP software tools or not?
Two items: vectorization and reinforcement learning.
The vectorization of words and phrases is one of the big overall trends these days, with the use of those vectors as the inputs for NLP tasks. The good part is that vectors are learned on large, unlabeled corpora. This injects knowledge into supervised learning tasks that have much less data.
For example, "pope," "catholic," and "vatican" will have similar vectors, so training examples that have just one of these words will still contribute toward better learning of shared parameters. Without this, a classifier based on bags-of-words sees these words as being as separate as "apple," "hieroglyph," and "bucket." So the use of word vectors, and the fact that they can be learned with respect to a particular problem when using neural networks, has led to a standardization of sorts, of an important strategy for dealing with language inputs as continuous elements rather than as discrete, atomic symbols. The success of using convolutional neural networks for tasks like sentiment analysis concretely demonstrates the effectiveness of this strategy.
Second, reinforcement learning has been used by researchers on dialogue systems, and it's now the new (yet, old) rage in machine learning. Witness, for example, the success of deep learning plus reinforcement learning in AlphaGo. I think it will be very interesting to see how reinforcement learning plus deep learning can be used to tackle many language tasks while reducing the number of modules and the amount of supervision needed to achieve strong performance.
With these developments plus ever faster computation and improved physical sensors, it's fascinating and exciting times for natural language processing and for artificial intelligence more generally.
Any other thoughts to share on neural networks and AI?
The worry for someone like me is that you then get people who think deep learning method X or Y is all you need to handle NLP problems and all this interesting and possibly useful facts about language start getting swept away. Having said that, there are great papers coming out that take a neural network approach while using/building interesting representations for language. For example, Ballesteros, Dyer, and Smith's (2015) parser, which uses character level word representations in combination with an LSTM that controls the actions of a shift-reduce dependency parser. Dyer, Kuncoro, Ballesteros, and Smith (2016) introduce Recurrent Neural Network Grammars and define parsing models for them that outperform all previous single-model parsers---and they do it with far less feature-engineering and tweaking. The DeepMind group are working on memory-based recurrent networks with stacks and queues (Grefenstette et al., 2015). This is important for working toward general neural architecture for approaching language tasks that require stacked and/or arbitrarily long dependencies (e.g. parsing).
What about to-be-done challenges in computational linguistics?
I think/hope we'll see better computational analysis of discourse. Many models assume that the sentence is the core unit of analysis, but that's of course a massive simplification. Consider machine translation. We've seen tremendous progress in the past twenty years. If you translate news articles from Portuguese to English, the results are really good. However, many things break when you move to narrative texts. For example, Portuguese is a pro-drop language that allows you to say things like "went to the beach" and leave off the subject. Consider a sequence of sentences like "A garota estava feliz. Foi a praia. Falou come seus amigos." This sequence should translate as "The girl was happy. [She] went to the beach. [She] talked with her friends." However, Google Translate returns "The girl was happy. Went to the beach. He talked with his friends." Part of the reason for this is that there is a bias toward male pronouns in the English language text that the models were trained on, and when the pronoun "ela" is missing from the sentence "falou com seus amigos," it erroneously fills the subject in the English sentence with "he." So, we'll likely see models coming soon that will work on both coreference and discourse structure to better translate texts like this. I actually worked on discourse structure and coreference a decade ago. We made progress, but our models were fragile and hard to integrate with each other. I'm hoping that some of the newer neural architectures can help with that.


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Mushrooms are definitely an acquired taste. Honestly, I didn't like them very much until after I became a vegan. Once vegan, mushrooms became my main meat substitute. I tried them in so many different meals, burgers, lasagnas, soups, enchiladas, tacos, and so much more. One of my early vegan favorites was stuffing portobellos with navy beans and spinach, topping with nutritional yeast and bread crumbs.
I never would have found my deep appreciation for mushrooms if I had not tried cooking/eating them so many different ways.
This recipe can be made in under 30- Minutes, using 1-pot, and only 8 ingredients! Already sounds pretty amazing, right? Well, keep reading…
This Creamy Mushroom Risotto is;
Slightly Garlicky
Delicious as a meal or side dish.
I hope you LOVE this recipe!!
If you try this recipe, don't forget to let me know what you think! Leave a comment below, on Facebook, or snap a pic of your results and tag #healthconsciouskitchen on Instagram.
2 Tablespoons Vegan Butter or Olive Oil
2 Cloves Garlic, minced
1/3 Cup Yellow or White Onion, chopped
2 Cups Crimini Mushrooms, chopped (aka Baby Bella Mushrooms)
1 Cup Arborio Rice
2 Tablespoons Nutritional Yeast
2 Cups Vegetable Broth (HERE is my favorite vegan broth)
1 Cup Water
*Optional* Salt and Pepper to Taste
Heat a 2-quart saucepan over medium- high heat. Once heated add in vegan butter, garlic, onion, and mushrooms, sauté until onions are translucent, about 3 minutes. Add in rice, cook 1 minute, stirring constantly.
Stir in nutritional yeast and vegetable broth. Reduce heat to medium. Bring to a simmer. Simmer until liquid is absorbed, about 10-12 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add in water and simmer 8 minutes, or until liquid is absorbed, stirring occasionally.
Remove from heat. Cover and let sit 10 minutes before serving.
Garnish with Parsley (fresh or dried), nutritional yeast, or salt and pepper, if desired.
Serves: 4 Prep Time: 8-10 minutes Cook Time: 25-30 Minutes


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Posted in Saudi Arabia forum
Hi everyone,
one of my friend had catch by saudi police in alcohol drinking case! after they release him to company so now he want to go to vacation/exit from saudi arabia but he want to know that if he has immigration band or not in his iqama.
Friends, please he will be glad if he got this answer, help him.
can we check immigration permission in absher profile or not? if yes how?


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Started by Napolean B, July 20, 2014, 08:24:00 PM
Quote from: AllPurposeAtheist on July 20, 2014, 09:22:31 PMHe's French. It's where he got that outrageous accent.. I have a misspelled French name.. Oh god!
Quote from: JohnD on July 23, 2014, 06:55:59 PMThey've had long enough to get their acts together!Or are they happy to spend the next couple of hundred years wallowing in self pity!!
Quote from: DunkleSeele on July 24, 2014, 04:05:28 AMSay what?Are you even aware of the fact that most African countries gained their freedom from European colonisation only after WWII or even in the 70s? Are you even aware of the fact that even if nominally independent their economy is still mostly controlled by western interests? Are you even aware of the constant meddling US and Europe had and still have in their own internal affairs, including installing the convenient dictateur du jour and/or supporting this or that political faction according to our economic interests?
Quote from: JohnD on July 24, 2014, 05:58:33 AMYes i am aware, what's your point? One country was picked out of many colonialists. To add to your list of meddlers in African affairs, why didnt you also include more recent meddlers such as China and Russia? We are all complicit in exploiting poorer countries not just in Africa. Countrie within continents exploit their neighbours. You want the latest product at a cheap price then instead of whining about it, do something about it.
Quote from: DunkleSeele on July 24, 2014, 06:49:36 AMDo you realise you're supporting my point of view?These African countries did not have "long enough to get their acts together!". They haven't been given the chance to get their acts together. About China and Russia: I agree with you, no arguments. If I didn't mention them explicitly it's because their influence on those African countries is historically much more recent than European/US one.
Quote from: JohnD on July 24, 2014, 07:48:22 AM No, what i realise is that you made an assumption that 'long enough to get their acts together' meant that they should now be on par with the west.
QuoteMy statement was that they either move towards a social program which is beneficial to all. It doesn't matter at what stage of this transposition they are at, as long as the people can see that progression is being made and to their benefit, which it doesn't appear to be. They've had long enough to implement these programs and it ain't happening.
QuoteThen you blame the West and the USA for exploiting these countries! How do they exploit them? Well they can't do what they did in the past and colonise the country for it's resources and cheap labour force so now they offer enticements to these governments. So the question is, who is the bad guy in this situation, the enticer or the enticee? My answer is that they are both equaly complicit at the expense of their citizens. 'Luckily' some governments will allow the wealth to trickle down to it's citizens and there are others who hoard it and their citizens get squat. So while it's easy to blame the west, consider also that governments who abuse their power, not just in Africa, also have a moral obligation to their citizens which in most cases 'ain't happening'.
Quote from: DunkleSeele on July 24, 2014, 08:49:29 AMAnd these governments who abuse their power are supported by whom? It's the new face of colonialism, wake up and smell the coffee.
Quote from: JohnD on July 24, 2014, 09:36:19 AMThe answer is in my post, jeeeezz. It really isn't that difficult to understand. If you want i can come round and hold your hand while we read it together!!
Quote from: DunkleSeele on July 24, 2014, 09:48:26 AMDon't worry, I don't need any hand holding to see the bias in your posts. Your answer is that those third world countries (or their governments) are equally to blame as the ones supporting them. The reality is that those countries never had the possibility of having any real development BECAUSE of the meddling of the big world players. Colonialism really never ended because the big world players never allowed a real change even after the official end of the occupation of those countries. EDIT: Anyway, I'm done with you. Your posts aren't worth any more of my time.
Quote from: DunkleSeele on July 24, 2014, 09:48:26 AMEDIT: Anyway, I'm done with you. Your posts aren't worth any more of my time.


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Verses are from: Songs for Saplings: ABCs
(You can get it here, or here)
Find the PDF files to download here!
See our Raising Rock Stars posts here!
See our intro post about teaching Bible memory verses to tots here.
Friday, March 12, 2010
In My Heart ~ Qq Revelation 22:7
Labels: Carisa, In My Heart
3 comments:
- Grace Whisperer said...
Hi, I'm just dropping by, and I LOVE the graphics you have for your verses! Can I ask how you create the graphics? Is there some tool or program you use? Thanks!
- March 13, 2010 at 9:54 PM
- petro family said...
Just wondering if I missed the P? It seems it goes from o to q...Thanks so much for all you do to help equip us to teach our children about God. You truly have a big ministry here.
- March 15, 2010 at 9:03 AM
- Carisa said...
Here's the link for P;
I use Publisher to make the files ;-)I do not create the actual graphics myself,
- March 15, 2010 at 12:54 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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All News Releases By Date
EPA Seeks Comment on Pilot Online Tool to Access Facilities' Environmental Compliance; Citizens, Industry Can Access Environmental Records on More than 800,000 Facilities
Release Date: 11/21/2002
Contact Information:
|(#02122) NEW YORK, N.Y.— The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an innovative pilot information tool yesterday that gives the public and industry direct access to the current environmental compliance record of more than 800,000 regulated facilities nationwide.
EPA is seeking public comment on Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO), which was developed in partnership with the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS), a national association representing State and territorial environmental commissioners. When final, ECHO provides users detailed facility reports, which include:
"The States have been leaders in the development of data systems that provide information to citizens. We have formed an effective, ongoing partnership with EPA to improve both the quality and accessibility of data," said Steve Thompson, Chair, ECOS Compliance Committee, and Executive Director, Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. "We also understand that care must be taken to present the data in such a way as to reduce unintended misunderstanding of the data."
As will be announced in the Federal Register later this week, the 60-day comment period provides users and other interested parties, particularly those responsible for facilities included within the database, an opportunity to review and comment on ECHO's content, design and data accuracy. In addition, ECHO provides an online error reporting process to ensure continued public participation on data quality.
Benefits of ECHO include:
EPA has field-tested ECHO's approach and data through the Sector Facility Indexing Project (https://www.epa.gov/sfipmtn1/ ), which presents data for a limited number of industrial sectors, and through a recent four-State pilot in the Pacific Northwest. Public feedback and lessons learned from these projects contributed to ECHO's development.
To ensure that ECHO's data is of high quality, EPA and the States also conducted a comprehensive data review and established an EPA-State network of "data stewards" to manage, research and correct reported errors, as appropriate. Furthermore, ECHO includes an online error reporting process that allows users to alert EPA and the States to possible errors
More about ECHO and details regarding the 60-day comment period are published in the Federal Register at https://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/index.html.
Search this collection of releases | or search all news releases
View selected historical press releases from 1970 to 1998 in the EPA History website.


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STAFFORD SPRINGS, Conn. — Coming from the 18th position, Eric Goodale knew it would take a stout car for him to travel to the front in Sunday's NAPA Fall Final 150 at Stafford Motor Speedway.
And when it came down to the final laps, Goodale had the car he needed to get the job done.
The Riverhead, New York driver scored his third career NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour win by passing Ryan Preece with just three laps remaining. The victory was the first of his career at the half-mile oval.
"Stafford is one of those places that you dream of winning at when you're a little kid," Goodale said. "I came up here and watched races when I was a kid. To be here and finally win a race, we have so many races under our belt here and we have come close here so many times. It feels good to finally seal the deal."
Goodale's last win before Sunday came at Bristol Motor Speedway in August of 2016.
His run to the front of the field after his qualifying effort was not an easy one. Goodale maneuvered his way to the front and was working the back bumper of Preece for the race lead in lapped traffic when a caution at lap 111 set up the final pit stops of the day.
Goodale's team went to work to help get him out at the front.
He took the lead from lap 120 to lap 125, but then lost it and had to follow Preece in the final circuits. A late move to the bottom of turn four got Goodale the lead with just three laps to go and he never looked back.
Goodale beat Preece to the line by 0.389 seconds.
Meanwhile, Preece came up one spot short of sweeping the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour races at Stafford this season after leading a race-high 115 laps.
Ron Silk finished third, while Chase Dowling and Timmy Solomito rounded out the top five.
Justin Bonsignore was sixth, followed by Doug Coby, Bobby Santos, Craig Lutz and Kyle Bonsignore.
With just one race left on the schedule, four-time champion Coby has a 10 point lead over Justin Bonsingore in the championship standings. Solomito is third, 12 markers back, while Preece is 19 back from the lead in fourth.
CREDIT: NASCAR Integrated Marketing Communications