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Baptism is not only following the command of Jesus (Matt 28:19), but also following his example (Matt 3:16). Baptism is a declaration to the whole world that a person is committed to Jesus and has trusted him with both life and soul.
Baptism is a visible symbol of God's saving work within a person. It is the outward expression of having died to self and sin and of being raised to new life in Jesus Christ. You should be baptized if you have repented of your sins and believed on Christ alone for salvation and have not already been baptized as a believer by immersion. This is the next step in obedience to the command of our Lord and Savior to grow in the likeness of Christ.
If you would like to be a candidate for baptism, please speak to the pastor or one of the deacons.
Sunday School
Sunday school involvement is one of our main strategies to instruct, counsel and mobilize our church. It is our desire for as many as possible to be in a smaller community of people who are committed to helping each other grow in Christian maturity and to spreading the gospel into every sphere of life in our community.
The Gospel Project® is a chronological, Christ-centered Bible study for Kids, Students, and Adults that examines how all Scripture gives testimony to Jesus Christ.
Over the course of three years, participants will journey from Genesis to Revelation and discover how God's plan of redemption unfolds throughout Scripture and still today, compelling them to join the mission of God.
If you consider Calvary Way your church home, or are seeking a church family, we strongly encourage you to find a group and get connected.
Bible Study
Wednesday nights are special at Calvary Way as we dive deep into the scripture and allow God, through the truth of His Word, to transform lives. It is a more casual setting where discussion and questions are welcomed.
We are currently studying the Book of Philippians using Exalting Jesus in Philippians (Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary) by Tony Merida and Francis Chan.
The Men's ministry at Calvary Way has a single vision: for men to be followers of Jesus. This is individually pursued through intentional discipleship, teaching and equipping, and community. This occurs through careful study of the Word, reading biblically-sound texts together, and praying for each other.
Our Women's ministry exists for the purpose of discipleship, fellowship, and evangelism in our faith family. Our gatherings, Bible studies, and serving opportunities are for women of all ages and in all seasons of life. The ultimate purpose is for women to glorify God as they live out Biblical womanhood in community and to grow in Bible literacy such that all can become Titus 2 women, training others in godliness.
Our Youth Ministry serves students in grades 7 through 12. Sunday School classes, Wednesday night gatherings, special activities and events are designed to disciple these students through teaching, service projects, and small group interaction. Through each facet of our ministry, we seek to point students to Jesus and an ever-increasing desire and dependence on Him.
Our current Wednesday night series, Gods at War, is a study focusing on idols teaches how food, wealth, sex, and power, along with many other good things in our lives, can become idols. Through these lessons, students will learn that anything other than God that they give priority is a god that takes the place of THE ONE TRUE GOD.
Bible Drill
Bible Drill is for children, youth and high school students in grades 4-12. Bible Drill helps students increase in their knowledge, memorization and application of scripture.
· Increase knowledge of the Bible and be able to apply this knowledge in living their life with Christ.
· Develop skills in locating Bible books and key passages.
· Memorize the verses and key passages identified on the current Children's Drill verse card and names of books of the Bible in order.
· Develop skills in the proper handling of the Bible.


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Unrefined, natural carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, whole grains, potatoes) burn like softwoods in your fireplace. In addition to being rich sources of vitamins, phytochemicals, and minerals, these foods provide a steady burning fire that will last many hours.
According to the diet recommended by Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans (fifth edition, 2000), more than 60 percent of our foods should be in the form of complex carbohydrates. Lots of salads, fresh or lightly cooked vegetables, and raw fruits are primary in this approach. Whole-grain cereals and breads, brown rice and other whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds - these foods will adequately supply necessary fiber as well as fuel reserves.
While these dietary guidelines may not be the ideal for everyone, as you'll see a little ahead, in general they offer a sane starting point, an alternative to the highly saturated fats and the sugars that are so rapidly damaging health and leading to obesity.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you are a Phoenix snowbird looking for RV electrical repair near me and need help with the electrical repairs to your recreational vehicle, look no further than Fix-My-RV. We are the most trusted RV electrical repair company in the area. We serve all of the areas around Phoenix including Surprise, Peoria, Mesa, Glendale, Scottsdale, El Mirage, Avondale, Chandler, Tempe, Carefree, Cave Creek, Fountain Hills, Gila Bend, Gilbert, Guadalupe, Paradise Valley, Queen Creek, Wickenburg, and Youngtown. We will come to you and handle all of the necessary RV electrical repair work that you need carried out. Give us a call at 623-875-5015
We will get you on the road again, safely! Our top goal is to ensure that you recreational vehicle is safe, and that the repairs that you needed to have completed, are completed in a thorough and timely fashion. Owner, Jeff Averyt is a graduate of the prestigious RV training center in Clearwater, Florida – the only RV technician school in the United States. As a Certified Master RV Technician, Jeff received hands on training on how to best repair RV electrical repairs.
The electrical system of your recreation vehicle is one of the most important systems that it includes. Without electricity you will not have access to power, and the comforts of hot water, cooking appliances, cell phone charging, lighting and sound. We can give you proper advice on RV electrical systems and answer the questions you might have about proper power outlets, inverters, converters, and autoformers. If you are wondering if you should use an extension cord, RV surge protectors or have questions related to adapters, switches, testers and perhaps even solar RV electrical supplies, we are your go-to.
If your RV currently has some electrical issues, don't wait to get those RV electrical repair problems looked at. We'd love to help you. Give us a call.


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Falcon's AGM - Thursday December 13th
Posted by Falcons Field Hockey Club - Delta, Ladner, Tsawwassen on Nov 23 2012 at 09:58AM PST in 2012-13 Fall/Winter
It's AGM time again. Please come out and support your club. Falcons need your ideas and enthusiasm. Please come out on Thursday December 13th at 7pm at the South Delta Rec Centre (Arctic Room) and make your voice heard!!!
There are no comments for this announcement.


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Sam Imperati, JD, is a North-West based, national provider of ADR services. Sam has been highly effective in resolving complex disputes, facilitating public policy issues, mediating multi-party cases, managing intense emotions, and training groups to help them navigate the intersection of logic and emotion. 36-year attorney. Appears in 2006 through 2016 editions of Best Lawyers in America. OSB and OMA Lezak awards for mediation excellence. Martindale-Hubbell's AV Preeminent rating. Served as a Judge Pro Tem, Chair of the OSB ADR Section, member of the OSB Ethics Committee, Executive Committee member of the Portland Neighborhood Mediation Center, and currently serves on OMA Standards and Practice Committee. Plaintiff and defense, trial and appellate experience. Nike Assistant Corporate Counsel and private practice. Four mediation law review articles and engaging keynote speaker. Taught at Willamette University's Atkinson School of Management and Lewis & Clark Law School. Mediation, Negotiation, Ethics, and Decision-making. BA, magna cum laude, University of Santa Clara; JD, UC Davis. Law Review. Judicial Intern - Ninth Circuit.
Sam has taught decision-making, negotiation, and leadership at Willamette's MBA Program, and environmental dispute resolution at Lewis and Clark Law School. He has provided numerous interactive decision-making, mediator skills, advocacy, dispute resolution, and diversity trainings. He is also an engaging and informative keynote speaker, who has written four law review articles on mediation. As a seasoned mediator/facilitator, Sam is accustomed to being a guest at the parties' negotiation, working under deadlines, and collaboratively developing meaningful public involvement processes. His specific skills lie in his ability to organize a mass amount of information in a short period, synthesize it, present it clearly, and facilitate/mediate large, diverse groups of sophisticated and passionate stakeholders. He displays a tireless work ethic, models impartiality, has boundless energy, and gets the job done.
Sam graduated magna cum laude from the University of Santa Clara, and from the University of California at Davis, where he was a law review, volume editor. He co-authored two law review articles on environmental issues, was co-founder/editor of Environs, and was a judicial intern.
Contact Sam Imperati
Website: www.ICMresolutions.com
Video Presentation: 50 Ways to Break an Impasse: Tips, Tricks, Traps and Tools
Parties and advocates can flounder in the intersection of logic and emotion. This program will focus on "nuts and bolts" techniques for breaking impasse. Learn tips to dispense "reality therapy" and reach closure in the face of apparent impasse.
Traits of a 'Mediator'
Although there are many intangibles in the definition of a "good" mediator, certain character traits are invaluable. It turns out that these same character traits may have other uses as well.
Ironically, Bush and Folger are Evaluative
There is room in our field for a broad spectrum of mediation approaches. We should celebrate innovation and a greater diversity, rather than disparage the methods of others. This article rebuts Bush and Folger's article: "Reclaiming Mediation's Future: Getting Over the Intoxication of Expertise, Re-Focusing on Party Self-Determination."
What if Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert Reacted to Simon & Rhoades on Imperati on Bush and Folger!
This article rebuts "Bush and Folger on Reclaiming Mediation's Future" written by Dan Simon, Dusty Rhoades, and Vicky Rhoades for Mediate.com in 2015. Their article attempts to rebut my 2015 article, "Ironically, Bush and Folger are Evaluative," which was itself a rebuttal to the 2014 Bush and Folger article, "Reclaiming Mediation's Future: Getting Over the Intoxication of Expertise, Re-Focusing on Party Self-Determination." There's a whole lot of rebutting going on!
Our Mediation Future
I have practiced ADR since 1992. I look back fondly and forward enthusiastically with great hope. In thinking about "what from our past has worked best and should be brought forward and emphasized," I decided to review two law review articles I wrote early on in my career. What follows is a summary of what I thought then. It will be followed by summaries of two articles about what I think currently. This article will then conclude with my half-formed or mal-formed thoughts about the future.
From Sam Imperati
Mediate.com is the best site in the field ... period. It provides timely and reliable up-to-date news and cutting edge analysis. I look forward to it every week and use it regularly as a "one-stop-shopping" resource. I routinely refer my clients to it so they can keep abreast of our fast evolving field. Here's to another 500 issues!
From Sam Imperati
Mediate.com Weekly is the best of its kind for up-to-date coverage and cutting edge analysis. I look forward to receiving it and reading about our field from the various perspectives of its authors. It is an invaluable resource. The only missing topic has been an article on why mediators are all so darn good looking and intelligent! Here's to another 400 issues.


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McCaslin Mountain Campground
McCaslin Mountain Campground is ideally located on the border of the Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin's northwoods. We offer a variety of camping options in our wooded campsites, all with water and electric hook-ups. Whether you are pitching a tent or pulling an RV, we have roomy sites to accommodate your needs. Our modern shower house offers flush toilets and hot showers. If you are looking for an extended stay, we also have permanent RV sites that can be rented on an annual basis.
If camping isn't your style, we have a 2 bedroom cabin available for weekly or daily rental. Our cabin is fully modernized and can sleep 6 adults comfortably We also have a mobile home court if you are looking for a more permanent place to settle in. There are plenty of activities to entertain your family while staying with us here at McCaslin Mountain Campground. Enjoy a round of mini-golf on our 18 hole course. We have a variety of playground equipment for the youngsters and there is a refreshing water slide for those hot summer afternoons.
The Camp Store at McCaslin Mountain Campground has you covered with camping supplies and grocery items as well as a selection of clothing. There is a snack bar offering hot and cold food and liquid refreshments including hand-scooped Cedar Crest ice cream and novelty ice cream bars. Several video games are available in the Camp Store for your amusement. For the avid hunter, we offer Guided Hunts for bear, turkey and deer (gun and bow). McCaslin Mountain Campground offers direct access to local ATV trails in Oconto County, plus we are close to trailheads in Forest and Marinette County for those who want to trailer to these other locations.
Marinette County, WI
The McCaslin Mountain Campground borders the beautiful Nicolet National Forest on the western edge of Marinette County in northeastern Wisconsin. Our location is ideal in any season for the outdoor enthusiast. Marinette County boasts the most miles of trout steams of any county in Wisconsin and we are also just a short distance from the newly established Governor Thompson State Park and the Peshtigo River State Forest surrounding Caldron Falls and High Falls Flowage. In addition, there are over 60 small lakes in the surrounding area to please the most avid of fishermen. Just to our west, Oconto County and the Nicolet National Forest offer similar recreational opportunities.
Popular activities in this area include fishing, hunting, boating, canoeing, kayaking, whitewater rafting, and horseback riding. Snowmobiling and ATVing are also popular in this area. McCaslin Mountain Campground offers direct access to local ATV trails in Oconto County, plus we are close to trailheads in Forest and Marinette County for those who want to trailer to these other locations.
Come and explore Wisconsin's northwoods and see all that we have to offer at McCaslin Mountain Campground.
Cabin Stay
I recently spent a long weekend at the campground and was in the cabin that is available. I found it to be quite enjoyable. The cabin was clean and some basic amenities were provided. There was no Wifi available but that made it all the better as I could enjoy a "true vacation" away from work. The scenery around the resort is great and the only warning I have is to watch out for the deer. I highly recommend McCaslin Mountain Resort to you if your in the Lakewood/Athelstane area.
My husband, a group of friends, and I used to camp here years ago when the mountain was open and it was always a great time. Clean showers and bathrooms, amazing owners! A large group of us camped here recently for the weekend for their Halloween celebration. Needless to say, nothing changed, in a good way. The shower house and bathrooms are still wonderfully clean and warm (was a little chilly weather but beautiful), the owners are just as amazing as before. Our group took up 6 sites with lots of kids. The owners were so friendly, welcoming, helpful, and accommodating. The kids loved the playground, mini golf, adventuring through the trails and woods, and especially the Halloween activities. We will be making reservations again for that weekend and probably more.


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Ecuador: Consumer prices on an annual basis fall by smaller magnitude in July
August 6, 2018
Consumer prices came in flat over the previous month in July, contrasting a 0.27% month-on-month decline in June. Five out of the 12 sub-components recorded a decline in prices, while six registered an upturn. The remaining category, education, came in flat from the previous month. Prices for recreation and culture fell the most, while those for transport rose by the largest magnitude.
On an annual basis, consumer prices dropped 0.6% in July, marking a smaller drop than the 0.7% year-on-year decline recorded in June. Annual variation in consumer prices fell 0.3% in July, mirroring June's result.
Ecuador Inflation Forecast
Panelists participating in the LatinFocus Consensus Forecast expect inflation of 0.8% in 2018, which is down 0.2 percentage points from last month's estimate. The panel projects inflation accelerating to 1.7% at the end of 2019.
Author: ,


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- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 5
- Authors : Biswarup Ganguly, Priyanka Vishwakarma, Rahul, Shreya Biswas
- Paper ID : IJERTV8IS010021
- Volume & Issue : Volume 08, Issue 01 (January – 2019)
- Published (First Online): 09-01-2019
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Gesture based Virtual Reality Implementation for Car Racing Game employing an Improved Neural Network
Biswarup Ganguly
Assistant Professor: Department of Electrical Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
Kolkata, India
Priyanka Vishwakarma
B.Tech Final Year : Department of Electrical Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
Kolkata, India
B.Tech Final Year : Department of Electrical Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
Kolkata, India
Shreya Biswas
ech Final Year : Department of Electrical Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
Kolkata, India
This paper explores the formation of a smart human- computer interfacing system for computer gaming using Microsofts Kinect sensor. Gesture based monitoring is chosen as the most prominent modality to continue the car racing game. Angle based features are extracted from skeletal images obtained from the sensor. Levenberg-Marquardt optimization technique is used for weight adaptation for a feed-forward neural network using back-propagation learning algorithm. A gesture based console for Asphalt 8: Airborne game is implemented. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the state- of- the- art training methods of neural network.
KeywordsGesture, computer gaming, Kinect sensor, Levenberg Marquardt neural network, back-propagation learning.
Video gaming [1] is a rapidly towering form of entertainment and inclusion of young brains in this arena and increasing competition inside the industry are leading the game developers towards creating more enjoyable and realistic the game design. The video games need some heightened level of emotional experience during the game play to maximize the entertainment and enjoyment of the players. From the professional viewpoint of a gamer, he or she needs more immersion inside a game for higher involvement in the game. That is where the Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) works dramatically [2].
HCI is a study of human centric interactive computer systems, technologies, and associative devices. The rapid influx of computer application users in the 21st century has led humanity to the scavenger hunt of a reliable and robust system to interact with a machine. To attain more intimate human-computer interaction with corporeal feedback, the recent evolution and advancing research on sensors virtual reality and rendering technology have the most important role here. All of this technological advancement has worked as a boon in the gaming industry but due to more demand for better user flexibility and comfort of gamers the arena of HCI in gaming needed something better. So, for the cases of driving based games like car racing which allows the user to drive virtually, gesture-controlled gaming consoles are most
suitable. If traditional associative devices for HCI like joysticks, wheels, and pedals etc are removed from this type of racing games, then the games become more enjoyable and comfortably flexible which is a way different experience than Microsoft Holo lens gesture which is a head-mounted simulation of virtual reality [3]. Ocular Rift is also a similar type of simulation of VR technology.
Therefore several gaming corporations boomed into the motion-controlled gaming market which involves some natural real-world actions, some combination of spoken words and gesture recognition. The first installment in motion- controlled gaming system was in 2006, Nintendo Wii [4]. Then other popular games like Microsoft Kinect [5-6] and Sony PlayStation eye [7] came. The current version of Wii MotionPlus system is in the same league as Microsoft Kinect for Sony Move add-on and X-box 360 respectively. The Wii Remote controller has accelerometer equipment which recognizes head tulte, detailed moments, a degree of acceleration etc. The PlayStation Move controller has a console plug-in named the eye which is tracked by the video camera which can recognize the eye's position in real time. The PlayStation also uses head position tracking and facial recognition.
The Kinect includes a depth camera and motion sensor which leads it to be controller-free. The depth camera, creates a skeleton of the image and movements are also tracked. Speech recognition software allows the system to understand spoken commands.
Saha et al. [8] have developed a gesture based car driving game using Microsofts Kinect sensor to track the human gestures while driving. Steering angle and diameter, the extracted features, are fed to a Mamdani Fuzzy Type-1 system. Acceleration and brake signal of the car is produced by the z-coordinates difference of the right and left feet respectively. Authors are trying to expand the degrees of freedom of the driving simulator to apply it on an aircraft system using a virtual control stick. Wada and Kimura [9] have presented a paper where stability of car-driving with a joystick system is analyzed. A dynamic model for vehicles has been derived for analyzing various car velocities. Zhu and Yuan [10] have presented a real time gesture recognition
technology which can be effectively used to track both single hand and double hand gestures. One of the most popular RGB- D sensor named Kinect, released by Microsoft is used for taking RGB images and depth images at a specific resolution and sampling rate. The recognition procedure follows the steps; preprocessing, hand detection, tracking, classification of palm and fist, and finally gesture recognition. The classification is carried out by template matching, SVM and some other light methods. The practical uses of this work lie in real time tasks such as power point system for controlling slides and car racing games achieving an accuracy rate of 91% and 98% respectively. This system is robust and efficient for real time applications.
Shivamurthy et al. [11] have presented a paper where interactive car gaming has been interfaced via personal computer. Kinect is used to take the skeleton of human gestures while playing the racing game. Four basic skeletal gestures namely right, left, forward, normal have been introduced to play the computer game. It has been found that this novel gesture based car racing game is more exciting than the conventional keyboard oriented game. Zhao et al. [12] have proposed a control system for improving the handling stableness of all the motor wheels of an electric vehicle employing Mamdanis minimum fuzzy rule. The aim of this research was to control the braking and driving forces of the wheels driven by the motors. Pfleging et al. [13] have approached a versatile technique upon the steering wheel of a driving car implementing both gestures and speech. Controlling the car by proper feedback has been provided using some manual gestures like right, left etc. A speech allowing multi touch steering wheel for controlling a computer based driving simulator has been installed for this experiment. A gesture and voice recording app is also designed for presenting different scenes. Authors are trying to enlarge their work by adding more modalities like body postures, gazes for analyzing drivers attention.
The proposed work is an improvement of previous work [14], where the back-propagation neural network with steepest descent technique is used for weight adaptation. The convergence speed of steepest descent training algorithm is very slow due to its small step size. It has fast movements in large gradient (steep regions) and slow motion in small gradient (valley regions) of the error surface. The performanceof steepest descent training algorithm can be improved by
IR Emitter
RGB Camera
IR Emitter
RGB Camera
IR Receiver
IR Receiver
Fig. 1. Kinect sensor depicting camera and sensors.
Gauss-Newton (GN) algorithm by choosing a proper step size. Taking second order derivatives of error function into the account, the GN training method evaluates the curvature of error surface and finds its convergence rate faster than steepest descent. But the former fails when the quadratic approximation of error surface is not possible. The Levenberg-Marquardt
(LM) optimization based training combines the above two training methods with respect to faster convergence and stability and here lies the contribution of the proposed work.
The presentation of the paper is as follows. Preliminaries, i.e. Kinect sensor and Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LM-NN) are discussed in section II. The detailed scheme of the work is in section III. Section IV explains the experimental results. Finally, conclusion is drawn in section V.
This section explains Microsofts Kinect sensor used for experimental setup and Levenberg-Marquardt based neural network for classification of gestures.
Kinect Sensor
Kinect [15], the official name of the Xbox 360 Console, is developed by Prime Sense company along with Microsoft in June 2010. The device has become popular in gaming [3], surveillance [16], man-machine interaction [17] and in many other fields of robotics. The main reasons to use Kinect is, firstly it blends the tools of speech and gesture in a common device, a multimodal interfacing and secondly it permits users to communicate with the gaming console only using gestures, keeping hands free for other communication. Kinect is a black horizontal bar sensor and it looks like a webcam. The required sensors for this work are infra-red (IR) and RGB camera. Using IR emitter-receiver sensor pair, the device is capable to get the depth of the subject from the sensor. Fig. 1 shows the sensors required for the proposed work.
Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network
The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm [18-19], originated by Kenneth Levenberg and Donald Marquardt, finds its application in minimizing a non-linear function due to its stability and fast convergence. Artificial neural network with the traditional training algorithms, viz. steepest descent, Newtons method, Gauss-Newtons algorithm has been considered as the most promising breakthroughs in neural network training. But LM based training outperforms all the previous training methods in terms of speed and stability.
A feed-forward neural network [20] consists of an input layer, multiple hidden layers, and one output layer. The number of neurons in the hidden layers can be varied whereas the neurons in the input layer and the output layer specify the input features and output classes respectively. Weights are initialized randomly and a weighted sum of input is forwarded from input to output layer. All the layers have connections from its immediate previous layer only. Back-propagation (BP) learning algorithm is implemented for weight adaptation so that the difference between the target value and the output value is minimized. The LM optimization technique is used for updating weights in BP learning mode as it outperforms steepest descent algorithm and Gauss-Newton algorithm for small and medium-sized training problems.
The error at output layer is defined as
where, t is target vector and o is the output vector for P number of patterns and Q number of outputs. The sum square error (SSE) is provided to train the neural network as
where, f is the feature vector and w is the weight vector. Now the first order derivative of SSE is defined as
and second order derivatives of error function form a Hessian matrix (H) as shown below,
The relation between H and J can be written as
backward pass
forward pass
backward pass
forward pass
Hence the weight adaption rule of Gauss- Newton algorithm becomes,
e = t – o
e = t – o
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
In order to verify whether Hessian matrix is invertible, Levenberg and Marquardt have introduced another modification to Hessian matrix as
Input Layer
Input Layer
Hidden Layer
Hidden Layer
Output Layer
Output Layer
where, µ is the combination coefficient and I is the identity matrix. It is noticeable that the elements on the principal diagonal of the modified Hessian matrix H are positive and hence invertible. Combining both (10) and (11), Levenberg- Marquardt updated the rule as,
Fig. 2. Structure of neural network with LM based back-propagation learning
Combining (3) and (4),
Hence, the weight updating rule becomes
If Newtons weight updating rule is applied, the calculation for second order derivatives of error function becomes quite complex. For circumventing this problem, Jacobian matrix (J) has been implemented as
outperforming both gradient descent and Gauss-Newton training of back-propagation neural network.
Kinect sensor has been used to identify human gestures. With the help of the camera- sensor pair and software development kit (SDK), human skeletal images are formed by 20 body joints in three dimensional spaces. For implementing virtual reality in car racing game, six joints (Hip center (HC), Shoulder Center (SC), Hand Left (HaL), Hand Right (HaR), Foot Left (FL) and Foot Right (FR)), shown in black bold points, have been used for the proposed solution shown in Fig. 3.
Approaching towards the solution, the first decision by the player is whether to steer and afterwards in which direction to steer. Henceforth the speed of the car is decided by the players leg gesture. Skeletal data of 30 frames per second are collected form the sensor for the proposed algorithm.
Determination of steering direction
Two angular features are extracted from the driving gesture, obtained from the skeleton image of the player, are given as
While playing the racing game, a few frames of the gamer are captured by Kinect, shown in Fig. 5 and also the screenshots for those suitable gestures are depicted in Fig. 6.
L = angle (SC, HC, HaL) (13)
R = angle (SC, HC, HaR) (14)
where, L is the angle between SC, HC and HaL, and R is the angle between SC, HC and HaR. For straight driving, L R. For steering left R decreases and L increases; and is just reverse for steering right condition. When the gamer steers the car gradually to the left, R << L . Therefore if (L R ) exceeds a specified threshold , the virtual car is steered towards left. The opposite phenomenon occurs for steering the car to right.
Calculation of steering angle
The angle () between the straight line joining HaR and HaL with the transverse plane is taken as the feature shown in Fig. 5(b). The feature is modified after multiplying with the updated weight obtained via LM-NN discussed in section II (B).
= .wn+1 (15)
Evaluation of speed of the car
The speed of the car is monitored by applying acceleration or brake by leg. Usually acceleration is applied by right leg and brake by left leg. So, angle of directional cosines (R or L) of the line segment joiing FL and FR are taken as the feature shown in Fig. 5(e). The entire scheme is shown in a flowchart given in Fig. 4.
The proposed method is tested on 50 subjects playing Asphalt 8: Airborne game. The ratio of male to female is 3:2 within the age group of 22 to 35 years. 20 subjects (12 male
No Drive straight
Constant Speed
Frame updating
Steer left
Steer right
Steer left
Steer right
Call LM-NN
Apply acceleration
Apply acceleration
Apply brake
and 8 female) have prior knowledge to play this racing game using Kinect Xbox 360.
RGB Image
Skeletal image
RGB Image
Skeletal image
Fig. 3. RGB with skeletal image showing required joints.
Fig. 4. Flowchart for implementing virtual reality in car racing game.
frame no. 15
frame no. 70
frame no. 220
frame no. 480
frame no. 720
frame no. 15
frame no. 70
frame no. 220
frame no. 480
frame no. 720
Drive straight (a)
Steer right (b)
Steer right with applying brake (c)
Steer left (d)
Steer left with applying acceleration (e)
Drive straight (a)
Steer right (b)
Steer right with applying brake (c)
Steer left (d)
Steer left with applying acceleration (e)
Fig. 5. RGB and subsequent skeletal images for different frames
Table I shows the corresponding features of the player according to his gestures.
The frame-by-frame method for car driving in virtual reality has been shown in Fig. 5. Starting from straight driving (Fig. 5(a)), while playing the car racing game, the gamer steers right (Fig. 5(b)), whenever required brake is applied (Fig. 5(c)). Also steering left with acceleration (Fig. 5(d-e)) is implemented whenever needed to play the game. The useful features ( and ) are marked in Fig. 5 while the driver progresses the game.
From the pictorial analysis of Fig. 5, it is noticeable that the steering angle increases from straight driving to steering right as well as straight driving to steering left. But it is observed that angle obtained is acute for steering left and angle produced is obtuse for steering right. In case of applying acceleration or brake , angle of directional cosines () have been taken. From repetitive experiments it is found that the
Frame no.
L or R
angle is acute for brake condition and obtuse for acceleration condition. The experimental values for 1 and 2 are 79 and 140 degree respectively.
The proposed method employing LM-NN is compared with other types of neural network including gradient descent rule based neural network (GD-NN), radial basis kernel based neural network (RB-NN), probabilistic neural network (PNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN).
The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for various types of neural network is shown in Fig. 6, where performance between true positive rate (sensitivity) and false positive rate (specificity) has been focused.
Fig. 6. ROC curves for various methods of neural network.
Steer Left Drive Straight Steer Right
Steer Left Drive Straight Steer Right
Fig. 7. Screenshots of Asphalt 8: Airborne game with three instances.
The main contribution of this work lies in its efficiency and applicability towards optimized training in neural network. Although this method is an improvement of [14], a high level precision is obtained. Employing this gesture based car driving, a number of degrees of freedom can be enjoyed by the gamer. LM-NN outperforms other training methods of neural network in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Further in this work, a reduced number of features compared to [14] have been used for virtual implementation of car gaming system. The proposed work has redefined the significance of Kinect sensor for modern day gaming interfaces.
The research work is supported by Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Electronics & Tele-communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, India.
Kang, Hyun, Chang Woo Lee, and Keechul Jung. "Recognition-based gesture spotting in video games." Pattern Recognition Letters 25, no. 15 (2004): 1701-1714.
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text:
This text file includes responses to the final question of the survey: Are there additional comments you would like to make about Information Technologies?
Responses are grouped by sample: Faculty, Staff, and Students. Identifying references
in this document have been replaced with [IRD], Identifying Reference Deleted.
I wish we could control the volume (both ON/OFF and amplitude) of videotapes, DVDs used in the classroom. 2. The steps for going to a web page from a class room computer are not as straight-forward as they ought to be.
We need better phones- cordless speaker phones for better teleconferencing
There are *important* software packages that are available to be installed on my personal computer (*license provides* for this). However, UITS wants me to drop off my personal computer and when they get a chance install. They illustrate 48 hr turnaround. Why can't they make an appointment to come to my office and install it on my laptop? I would understand that an emergency could happen and that we would need to reschedule. My laptop is too important to be without for 48 hours!!!
Expand the [IRD] services to include the availability of accessing voicemail or other extensions after hours when switchboard is closed.
1. I am constantly running out of email storage space & need to continually request more. I use my email folders for storage & wish I had more space. 2. I would like to have my system at home connect to my system at work, not only for email but word documents as well.
I would like to see more classrooms become advanced multimedia classrooms-particularly the dedicated classrooms in allied health which are very over crowded, in part, due to use of technology and the space it occupies.
The [IRD] of which I am a member, needs its own fully-equipped, up-to-date lab of its own. This lab should have its own budget and replacement schedule.
No support for I.T. and computing as "content area" independent of "routine" campus support.
Please talk to the [IRD] people about simple *courtesy*. I would like to see a paper copy of faculty and staff that is listed by Divisions and departments, listing secretaries of the those [sic] departments. I advise students a lot and many times I need to contact various departments. This would save me time having to look it up on the computer.
Mixed evaluation here. Some outstanding areas and other extremely deficient. IT staff-> excellent. Instructional media-not very professional-slovenly appearance, slow response-poor customer service. A couple people there very good, but overall-low. IT staff is short handed-extremely. Telephone staff-[IRD] outstanding.
The new IUN web page is more difficult to use for finding specific information than was the old one.
Classroom resources are extremely limited. The movement of equipment in and out of classrooms increased disruption of class time and wear on the equipment. Equipment permanently installed in classrooms would increase the use of technology in teaching! There are times I would use a web site or software I just discovered, however the appropriate equipment was not ordered prior to the need which was unknown. Scheduled equipment is not always used, but I want it there, just in case.
Telephones are old & filthy [IRD] is outstanding! [UNREADABLE: LOOKS LIKE "Massan 134"] needs updating.
-As supervision is shifted around at IUN it is difficult to keep track of who to report information/problems to- there is often a lack of feedback once problems are reported as well -I have been quite pleased w/ computer support/services -[IRD] is not quite as consistent a performer in my experience- some equipment seems to be aging and thus problematic, other pieces may not be scheduled appropriately- I do however appreciate all the efforts of the staff to rectify problem situations
1. Media classrooms should support BOTH a *PC* and *Mac* environment. I shouldn't have to order *Mac* equipment in these rooms. This just makes sense... 2. Wireless networking needs to be developed on this campus- with *proper security* - for faculty/student use. We need to move forward in this area.
More resources need to be budgeted for. The Media Instructional Services need a way to staff special needs to make sure equipment works throughout the program and to videotape- More high definition video taping equipment needed. This department is under financed and under staffed. More media equipped classrooms. The most exciting instructional tool I have ever experienced!!! MORE!
At IUN services are fragmented one dept does media, one does computer hardware, another dept knows applications It is crazy trying to find "the one" who can help!
Many VHS and TVs are in need of repair. Poor sound quality, especially.
We need more technology equipped classrooms.
Email could be improved. Web publishing for students could be improved. Exchange server for collaborative purposes will be *good*! *Wireless technology* for in class might reduce the need for *labs*! -more students are having Notebooks.
1. Can you improve the mail system so it doesn't overload so quickly and send messages back?
These are the words of a very satisfied customer. I have, however, the same complaint I had last year: i.e. I would like to see some changes in our e-mail service. [IRD]
Instructional media services getting better, but still have a way to go
*[IRD] is horrible! @ IUN* They never help- just wait *for the problem to go away!*
Events scheduler is not user friendly. Also needs to be able to be modified by user and currently can't be done.
All classrooms should have new equipment. It is very difficult in classrooms w/o audio-visual equipment. Some classrooms do not even have Internet access. Small things add up- lights out, no chalk, erasers missing poor overhead *screens*- example--HH341 has a screen that is too short for equipment
We are improving technological facilities at a cost of decreased student access to facilities
Delivery of A/V equipment to classrooms runs at 50% failures (no shows, equipment does not work) A/V class rooms are terribly designed- and [IRD] is useless, too much contrast. And the excuses I am given are pathetic: "we did deliver the equipment" "our computers are obsolete" "we can't fix that."
Most frustrating experiences: Using any keyword approach to finding information on IUN's webpages- I seem to get so many "Hits" that are not relevant.
The equipment, technology, and staff have improved.
1) Even though IU(N) is supposedly part of IU's Internet II project, it seems that connectivity response time on the Internet is often slow 2) Email on IUB servers (for IUN users) is slow and mail often shows up days late into our Inbox.
Access to library from off-site is in need of work
I hope there are places to continue to "enhance" classrooms- that is a great help to the teaching-learning environment.
New phones! (old ones are an embarrassment) I'm pleased with the IT staff, especially [IRD] who is extremely compent [sic].
We need more smart classrooms at IUN!
I still am unable to access Bloomington databases from my home in IL-I've been told since I came here in 1998 that this problem would be fixed "soon"-any ideas re. the timeline?
ability [sic] to call home; spouses' workplace
I received a "new" phone because my old black phone didn't have a hold button. Now, my phone "0" doesn't work half the time. I continue to hear static on this phone- even though I reported once that I heard [IRD] on his line the same time was fixed for a time, but continue to have problems.
I work strictly with IUIS. The only time I use the internet is for Room Scheduling. I really *dis-like* the New System. My job has trippled with the New System. Sometimes a computer is not the way to go. Besides Room Scheduling I have to load grades, deliver Rosters And Put them together, Register students, Do drop adds, Send Schedules, Room changes, Class Cancellations, Transcripts, etc. I feel I do not have the time it takes for this new system.
Event scheduler is a nightmare for my program! What used to take me a nice friendly phone call now takes days & frustration! Hundreds of email confirmations to check. This is crazy making for those of us who have a lot of classes to schedule. It is also horrible for the person who has to do all those emails plus put it in her hard copy book too!
With People Soft coming next year; There are several offices that need faster connections 'at the desktop': Admissions-already on People Soft Bursar Financial Aid Registrar Human Resources-already on People Soft
Toll Free #/access to call from IUN campus phones to Chicagoland area.
If events scheduler fall under this - This is the *worst* idea - so cumbersome and time consuming.
There has been a tremendous improvement in these services over the last 5 yrs. on our campus. Keep up the good work!
The new IU Webmail has no way of making lists, other than coding them myself. It would be helpful to have this service provided.
Calendar system is too confusing. There are *too many* calendars to choose from.
Not at all satisfied with campus switchboard. I do not feel like the switchboard operator is given all the data - to place the call to the right office. For example, a call comes to the campus switchboard and the person ask [sic] for Dr. X - Dr. X has a direct line, but they transfer the call to the secretary. The person is upset to be talking to the secretary, rather than talking to that person or the voice mail. It is a major problem. The switchboard needs to be given all the information. *Also, if an organization is housed on campus, the operator should have those numbers. We have different agencies on campus that have space on campus - the operator needs those numbers. Thank you.
Using the event scheduler & ordering AV equipment doesn't guarantee your equipment will be there. I like using the scheduler, but I don't like having to make a follow[sic]up call 15 minutes before a meeting asking where's my equipment.[sic] Then I'm told next time I order using the event scheduler, I should call and double check that the order has been received.
Poor performance and attitude of help desk personnel completely outweighs and [sic] benefits that may exist with UITS. I suggest help desk personnel take *mandatory* customer service training.
Go to other universities and bench mark their services. eg. Purdue Cal's -campus email system
This evaluation is to [sic] long ! Why don't [sic] have intership [sic] for students seeking a degree in IT.?
Better interpersonal/communication skills at Help-Desk.
Webmail goes down quite often. Hopefully that will change with Exchange. [IRD] really needs to get their act together. I have not been to one meeting or event where the equipment has been set-up on time, or where the correct equipment is delivered.
Having only 2 open labs that students have access to is a bit poor, considering there are *so* many labs on campus. There's nothing like using one of the labs and having the lab asst. laughing and joking around so loud that you're able to hear them across the room. I'd rather work from home!
Room 103 in Marram is very good, and the tech. people are helpful. problem: I am not able to e-mail a journal article from the library catalog on-line. Also, I can't print a certain type of document (the one besides html) in Room 103 (Marram).
I think it would be helpful to maybe have a teacher workshop on how to use the equipment in the classrooms. In many of my classes, the teachers were unsure about how to use the equipment in the classrooms. Some examples of this equipment is the projectors in the classrooms.
I don't really use STCs because I work on campus and have constant access to a computer. My major complaint would be w/ instructional media. We pay large technology fees for new classroom equipment and updated computers, etc. Which I agree w/. But I don't believe that I've been to a class yet where my professor didn't spend 15 min. trying to figure out how to run the equipment. If I can find the money to pay for it, they should find the time to learn how to use it. (The paper instruction sheets were gone after the first week they were installed)
The only time I tried to use insite to change my schedule around it wouldn't let me. You should be able to check status of class during the last two weeks before classes. It just says open or close. Have it to were [sic] it would show how many spots open or if you got on a wait-list what number you would be. But no you have to go to the School to check it.
I love insite and RegWeb!!
I was not happy when the University decided to discontinue using the floppy disk drive for the Macs. At that time I owned a Macintosh laptop. I would do most of my work at home and save it on a disk, to later print at the lab. Once the floppy disk drives were removed and replaced with zip drives it made it very difficult for me. In the end I had to purchase a PC to make my home computer compatible with the one's [sic] in the lab. Also I do not like the way the printing system is setup at the labs. When the lab gets very busy finding the document you printed becomes a nightmare. At the University of Chicago, print jobs are sent to a central computer located next to the printer. Then when you are ready to pick up your document you go to the central computer and choose which documents you want. This also helps to conserve paper. Instead of many print jobs coming out at once and getting mixed up.
I tried to drop/add a course on-line, couldn't find 'how-to', had to do it via. paperwork I run [sic] all over campus collecting various signatures. Tried to contact a department with a question via. e-mail -never received a response -telephoned twice to follow-up -took days to receive a reply. Felt like I was inconvenienced / brushed-off / given the run around.
Printers in the labs are often too slow when they get back up. Need better printers. Need more information about services offered. Need more information and direction of use for oncourse.
Keep up the good work!
One thing I noticed in terms of accessibility is that, while I was attending IUB I found a lot of the services mentioned here were easier to find and use there. Computer labs are hard to find and often appear closed. (ie: Closed Doors) The UITS appears to be Shady, or withdrawn. Often it is hard to find *Good* help.
I feel that some of those people who work at the tech centers could be a little more friendly. Otherwise it is great
Although I've never had a problem with the computers in the foreign language lab, only because I have a computer at home, I consistently hear of problems/complaints from other students about those computers not working.
1. A lot of time [sic] when I have tried to use IUN tech. I [sic] system wasn't working correctly. 2. The computer lab needs a program so that when you use the scanner for a paper, you can correct mistake [sic] on that paper.
Student Tech. Center needs consistancy [sic] on it's software and equipment! I would recommend that you reconsider your $178.00 technology fee for students like myself. I have not nor will ever use your technology to the extent of $178.00. It was definately [sic] excessive for me! I'm on campus for 1 Saturday class for 6 weeks only! I don't know where I could use a computer!
I had no idea there were so many services available. I'm unsure why I was not aware. Are the different services advertised much? I think now that I have been made aware from this survey I would like to find out more about the services.
Mac OS X is overdue. Student account should include web space directory for uploading files, workspace available over internet to work from home.
Please offer more courses. These courses are very appealing to the mature students. Student [sic] holding jobs with families find oncourse classes attractive.
More Dell computers...less Gateway would be better! More IT support for after 5:00 p. since IUN offers several classes @ night!
Please provide *fax machines* on campus because once we finish paperwork, resume's [sic], etc, we have to go somewhere else to fax them.
There should be more available Labs open at later evening hours.
Thank-you for providing tools for our success.
Instead of showing ID's, allow students to enter the computer labs by supplying their SS#. [IRD]
I spend most of my computer time at home. This is the First semester I've used oncourse. With oncourse available class time is not really necessary. Prefer oncourse!
The language lab at IUN should have PC's, not Macs so that sudents [sic] can use the hard disk drive to work on papers etc... Also I think IUN has good computer facilites [sic] and this should be shown to prospective students (question 25)
I know you are having everyone eventually login with the email, good idea. But this means that we are not allowed to use AOL instant messanger [sic]. It will piss a lot of people off. I am a graduate student that does not live near the IUN Campus. Unfortunately my use of the IUNITS is at most minimal. For me, the fee charged for students to use the IUNITS is extremely to [sic] high. Hopefully in the future, IUNITS can adjust the students fees for the use of IUNITS; either by part-time or full-time status or general use of equipment on an hourly basis. This may all ready [sic] be in place: however unknown to me. Finally, it would be nice to see information on how to operate INSITE, Oncourse, etc. Many fellow students have said the reason they do not use these sites is because they don't know how or what they are actually used for. Again, this information may be handy; however unknown by myself. Sincerely, [IRD]
I really enjoy being able to register on-line and adjust my courses, also love the access to insite [sic]!
I would like to see more internet self-study courses in the future. I am currently enrolled in M007 through the internet and really benefit from the class.
Some IT employees who work in the labs are computer Nazi's.[sic] Not only are they rude but lack the knowledge needed in aiding students with questions.
I think Student Technology Assistants need to be attentive to what goes on in the lab. Doing so includes walking around maybe every 30 minutes. Encouraging students about following the rules in order to work in the lab, such as no headphones, or cell phones. It would also help if they wear name tags so we can address them appropriately. Instructional Media is a great facility but it needs to have a better appearance to viewers. I believe the students working in these facilities need to pick up and throw away. The janitors can only do so much.
I think Oncourse and Insite should be offered 24 hrs 7 days a week. Some people want to check thing [sic] over the weekends and during the evening.
1.) Should be easy to get email account for IUNW. 2.) Too hard to get space for personal web pages. 3.) Need better access to PCs. 4.) Need more and expanded IT programs and classes. 5.) The best technology in the world means nothing if it is not accessible! 6.) IT is getting better but still needs improvement.
Most of the computers that are in the STC centers operate at an extremely slow speed.
Please fix or replace the computers in the labs.
*Please* put another printer in the Savannah Comp. Lab!!! The one in there cannot handle 30 print jobs at once, it slows it down. I've been late to class because of it.
There are a lot of services offered that I have never heard of, except in this survey. I think awareness to the different services need [sic] to be made public to the students. Or maybe it is something to do with the different schools. i.e. Nursing
INSITE should be available 24/7. Also, more professors should use oncourse as it provides much information very easily.
I am very pleased, appreciative of the services that Indiana University Northwest offers.
Overall, I am very satisfied with the University Information System. That's were [sic] I go to handle my personal affairs.
Marram STC is the *only* wheelchair accessible lab on campus to my knowledge. The cords for the keyboard and mouse are too short to reach the table on my wheelchair. I need the equipment close to me so that I can reach. I'm taking CSCI A106 on [IRD] [IRD] in [IRD] in Raintree 211. To my knowledge, there isn't a raised desk in there for persons who use a wheelchair. Persons with disabilities want to take computer classes, too. The only campus phone in Raintree is by the West door and too high for persons using a wheelchair. The most accessible phone is in Hawthorne by the South doors. It's inconvenient to switch to the new Webmail. One must enter each person into the address book. We should have been able to copy the address book from the old Webmail to the new. We can't even print all of the address lok [sic] if it's more than one page. One must copy by-hand the other addresses to enter into the new address book.
Terminology may be confusing. I might be using services and not know what they're called.
Update Web pages for campus stuff.
I think the IUNITS has improved services over the last year, but the IU search still turns up very little useful information for me.
I'm not sure if this falls under your umbrella, but there is a computer lab tech who complains when people print "too much". The problem comes in when class requirements interfere. In my creative writing class we had to print our short stories and share them with the class (a copy each) for each class. It was too much even though it was required. Same thing happened in poetry. Therefore, either [IRD] needs to be told not to bug us or the teachers need to limit their requirements to match the school rules.
Keep friendly workers Stay patient Stay student friendly
I think that the new computers in the Savannah Center are really nice.
I think we could have better ITS since we pay *so* much for our courses there should be more to get students to use these services, b/c some may not know all these services are provided or how to use them to their advantage!
Concerning computer workshops. There should be more concentration when it comes to a particular class; in Microsoft Word, Excel, Powerpoint. We definitely need more classes for each subject for us older and slower students. Thank you.
I don't use the services offered at IUN
The person that is over the [IRD] could use an adjustment on their attitude. [IRD]
There should be more software on the Mac computers in the labs for the Graphic users. There are only a few Mac computers that have the software on them for the Graphic Design class in the labs.
The staff in the student labs are rude to people when they ask for help. Which they absolutely shouldn't be because it is their job to help the students with computer related issues.
It would really be great if the IMACs in the Student Lab would have the track ball cleaned so the mouse will work properly.
Technology fees should be reduced or eliminated for those people who do not use such services.
Difficult time using the Macs! Most home computers and the computers in the schools are PCs using Windows programs. More PCs should be available- especially for computer classes!!!
More Software programs need to be available for specific classes. Lab help has improved greatly over the last year. If someone doesn't know the answer, they try to find it for you. Everyone's been extremely courteous. Computer repair needs to be improved.
Understandably, PCs take a beating due to the number of students using/abusing them, but too many have problems that never seem to go away.
Need more IUware software & MS products offered through the university. MS project, [UNREADABLE: LOOKS LIKE "vizio"], etc etc. They are necessary for class & some I had to spend 400 dollars for, which is far too expensive for a college student. In addition some of the employees operating the computer centers have been extremely difficult to work with & one in Marram Hall in particular an older man was completely rude to me last summer & would not let me print a paper when I was in dire need. I had my Bloomington ID & was told I could access the computer with it in the summer as should be my right but this individual made me leave & was highly unprofessional in his attitude & demeanor. He was a terrible representative for IUN.
-[IRD] need to be more curtious [sic] and less abrupt with callers. -[IRD] need to actually pick up (I've been left with a ringing phone to my ear for more than three minutes before).
The computer lab in Marram Hall Rm 134 is unacceptable. Several of the computers are unable to be used.
One time, one of the computers gave my disk a virus. So I think they should scanned for viruses more often because if I wouldn't of had updated virus protection on my computer, the virus could of crashed it.
I am only a part-time student for one semester, so I haven't had much opportunity or reason to use many of the computer services, but my limited experience has been good. The technology services are above average for an extension/commuter campus. However, given the fact that I have a home computer and technology necessary for completing research and other academic assignments, there is no reason for utilizing the services of the technology department at IUN. As well, it seems that every time I do happen to need to use one of the computer labs on campus, I end up with either some sort of disk problem after using the computer or have to deal with the power trip attitude of a lab assistant. Not worth it!
Sometimes the computers run slow when browsing internet.
I use the computer labs the most. They are usually crowded. The printers are not adequate. They are usually back logged. There is definitely a need for more printers.
Just curious why it takes so long for messages to get sent to IUN webmail inbox, it seems like it takes at least a day to receive a message.
I do *NOT* use any of the information technology systems. I do *NOT* attend regular classes on the main campus. Therefore do *NOT* use any of these services.
I feel we pay way to [sic] much for all these Technology Services that half the students don't use.
This survey was too long. You lost me after question 13. -Sorry it took you two tries to get me to fill this out. Actually, it took me three tries (one of them included a trip to IUN on a Saturday...in a snow storm...driving for 45 minutes) to simply get signed up for "OnCourse" and that was only accomplished because *one single* good-hearted individual offered to stay after her work hours to help me during the week. Can you feel my frustration?!! (Thank you [IRD]!!)