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Advisory Committee On Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH)
Minutes of December 9-10, 2010 Meeting
The meeting of the Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH) was called to order by Chairman Mr. Frank L. Migliaccio, Jr. at 8:00 a.m. on Thursday, December 9, 2010. The following members and representatives were present:
|William R. Ahal
|President, Ahal Preconstruction Services, for the Associated General Contractors
|Jewel Elizabeth Arioto
|Elizabeth Arioto Safety and Health Consulting Services
|Kevin D. Beauregard
|Assistant deputy commissioner, Assistant Director, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, NC Department of Labor
|Susan G. Bilhorn
|Sr. VP of Operations, Jacobs Technology
|Thomas A. Broderick
|Executive Director, Construction Safety Council
|Matt Gillen
|Federal Representative
|Construction Program Coordinator/Senior Scientist, CDC-NIOSH, Office of the Director
|Steven D. Hawkins
|Assistant Administrator, TN Occupational Safety and Health Administration
|Walter Jones
|Associate Director, Occupational Safety & Health, Laborers' Health and Safety Fund
|Thomas L. Kavicky
|Safety Director, Asst. to the President, Chicago Regional
Council of Carpenters
|Frank L. Migliaccio, Jr.
|Executive Director, Safety & Health, International Assoc. of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental & Reinforcing Ironworkers
|Emmett M. Russell
|Director, Department of Safety and Health, International
Union of Operating Engineers
|Thomas R. Shanahan
|Associate Executive Director, National Roofing Contractors Association
|Michael J. Thibodeaux
|Consultant, National Association of Homebuilders
|James R. Tomaseski
|Director, Safety & Health, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
|Daniel D. Zarletti
|Vice President, Safety, Health and Environment,
Kenny Construction Company
|Sarah Shortall
|ACCSH Counsel
|Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Dept. of Labor
|Eric Harbin
|Alternate Designated
Federal Official
|Office of Construction Services, Directorate of Construction, DOL OSHA
|Ben Bare
|Designated Federal Official
|Acting Director, Directorate of Construction, DOL OSHA
15-20 members of the public attended at various times, as did a number of DOL/OSHA representatives, and members of the press.
Opening remarks and agenda
Mr. Migliaccio welcomed the attendees, discussed the agenda for the meeting, and asked the committee members and representatives to introduce themselves.
Directorate of Construction Update
Ben Bare, Deputy Director and Acting Director, Directorate of Construction from June 2010 to present expressed his appreciation for his staff and the work they have done, particularly the work on the Cranes and Derricks standards. He stated that Bill Parsons and Mohammad Ayub would provide construction updates.
Eric Harbin, Director of the Office of Construction Services, Directorate of Construction gave an update on OCS. Mr. Harbin said their department gained two new Safety and Health Specialists. He thanked Michael Buchet for working diligently with the ACCSH meetings and also Francis Dougherty and Dean McKenzie for their hard work in coordinating this ACCSH meeting. Mr. Harbin stated their department developed a Webchat for employers and workgroups to help train employees on work safety. They developed an article for Alliance Corp that addressed the cranes standard. OCS is also in the process of making changes to the website in order to make it more user friendly. Their primary concern is to work with field reps using a Targeting system. Mr. Harbin welcomed any recommendations from the committee and the stakeholders.
-Liz Arioto wanted to personally thank the OCS department and the hard work of Damon Bonneau of OCS.
Bill Parsons, Director of the Office of Construction Standards and Guidance, Directorate of Construction thanked his staff for all their work on the Cranes and Derricks Standards and for the support of the [ACCSH] committee. He stated that OCSG is working on a guidance product—quick cards—as a directive for compliance officers on how to enforce the new rule. OCSG is also working to get out the final rule for Confined Spaces. He did not provide a specific timeline, but that it will be available soon.
-Steve Hawkins thanked the OCSG staff. He said many people do not realize all the planning and exactly what goes into covering the issues and getting the standards established. He appreciated the work of Mr. Parson's staff and the important work they do.
-Emmett Russell thanked Mr. Ben Bare for the excellent job of DOC. He also wanted to thank Garvin Branch for his presentation.
-Tom Kavicky thanked the OCSG group and said he appreciated that they always took the time to listen to their, ACCSH, concerns. He asked when the interpretations will become available.
-James Tomaseski asked what is the target date for Subpart B.
-Mr. Parsons told Mr. Kavicky and Mr. Tomaseski they are working on both and did not have a target date available at this time.
Mohammad Ayub, Director of the Office of Engineering Services, Directorate of Construction gave an update of OES. Mr. Ayub said his department provides technical assistance to the field offices and different Directorates. They offer an interpretation of standards from an engineering perspective. OES has investigated 96 major collapses. Mr. Ayub wrote an article on the causes of collapses and provided copies of the article to the committee. He stated that 95% of collapses are not construction causes, but are due to design flaws. Their engineers will respond within 8-10 hours of a construction collapse. Their job is to examine the collapse, stabilize the portion that didn't collapse, and determine whether there was a violation of OSHA or general industry standards. Mr. Ayub gave an example of the bridge collapse in Connecticut during a re-construction. He also mentioned OES has hired a new engineer, Dr. Tesfave Guttema, to assist with research analysis and the interpretation of OSHA standards.
-Matt Gillen thanked Mr. Ayub and his staff for providing them with engineering guidance.
Ben Bare spoke again after his DOC directors. Mr. Bare said they were working to improve their communications and services. They will continue to work with other agencies like the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as they are currently working with them on nail gun safety. DOC is also looking at ways to improve their enforcement resources in construction. DOC is focusing its energies on prevention through design—notifying employers in the high hazard industry who we are and using technology to identify that sector. DOC will implement outreach plans to reduce the number of injuries, which is OSHA's mission.
-Walter Jones said he had not heard updates on any of the ACCSH recommendations from their Houston meeting. One recommendation that has not been mentioned was the sanitation standing making it gender equal.
-Susan Bilhorn said it would help if there was a tracking of the committee's recommendations and updates provided so that they could have them for discussion by their next ACCSH meeting.
-Eric Harbin said that FIDO, an electronic recordkeeping system, had been updated.
-Bill Ahal also recommended maintaining regular updates so the committee will know what's going on by the next meeting.
The ACCSH meeting was ahead of schedule and the Chair, Frank Migliaccio, decided to proceed with the Work Group updates.
Silica and other Health Hazards/Multilingual Issues Work Group
Thomas Broderick, one of the Co-Chairs for the work group presented the updates. The work group met on December 7, 2010. They reviewed and acknowledged the last meeting's minutes. He stated the Residential Safety training classes held in Texas were presented in English and Spanish. He also pointed out that the use of symbols to provide warnings was something that could be used universally and would be beneficial to the workers.
Dr. David Michaels, Assistant Secretary, Department of Labor/OSHA attended the meeting to address the committee and to speak on OSHA. Dr. Michaels stated that OSHA is working with consulates, Faith-based groups, workers and employers. A memo was sent to OSHA's field staff regarding workers' training and making sure that training is in a language they understand in order to ensure safety and prevention. He said injuries and fatalities were down in 2009. Compliance has been the priority and has had an impact. OSHA has a strategic plan with goals and plans in place to 2016. He said everyone deserves a good job, fair wages, and a safe workplace. He said OSHA's objective is to reduce the number of falls and electrocutions by 9%, reduce the number of illnesses caused by bad hazards by 14%, and reduce the number of workplace amputations. Dr. Michaels encouraged ACCSH to participate in the Fall Protection campaign. He talked about the release of the Cranes and Derricks rule, finalizing Confined Spaces, and working on regulations for nail gun safety and combustible dust hazards. He said the most important rule was the Injury and Illness Prevention Program. They are asking employers to take a risk-based approach, do not wait [for something to happen], provide a safe workplace. Dr. Michaels said ACCSH is raising expectations in the building construction industry. As a result, there are life saving controls for new and renovated buildings.
Dr. Michaels spoke of the Inspection Pilot Program. He gave an example of the recall of eggs a few months ago and how OSHA is working with the Food and Drug Administration and cooperating with other government agencies to provide input and oversight. He also announced $10 million in grants for Safety and Health construction to a help with protection and prevention of injuries of workers. He mentioned there are more egregious cases in the past year. He said penalties are to encourage employers to be compliant and to let them know that cutting corners is unacceptable. OSHA takes the level of the playing field very seriously. Employers cannot undercut the worker by improperly training them and it is important workers know what their rights are. This is a standard and a regulatory standard that will save lives.
In closing Dr. Michaels thanked the committee and stated how much he appreciated their work and the important contribution they make to OSHA and the country.
-Tom Shanahan complimented Dr. Michaels and his staff for the changes they've made and their responsiveness to issues. He wanted to note that the decrease in the number of fatalities was not due to the economic downturn (when there are less workers in the workforce), but that safety through training was the leading factor.
-Bill Ahal said he appreciated Dr. Michaels' comments. He talked about the Prevention by Design Workgroup's active role in employers' compliance and the importance of including the employees in the workplace i.e., the builders, engineers, designers. Incorporating prevention into the design of buildings and co-branding things will carry a lot more weight and seriousness.
-Susan Bilhorn stated she wanted to tag onto T. Shanahan's comment. She said it was hard to anticipate hiring patterns and asked Dr. Michaels if they are seeing a difference in the number of injuries?
Dr. Michaels responded by saying all studies show that when you ramp up hiring, the number of injuries increase. He said the point is well taken and that it is important for them to think about this.
-Frank Migliaccio asked when was the agenda for Fall Protection going to come out.
Dr. Michaels said he was not sure when it would come out, but he was told that it may come out in the next few weeks.
The Chair, Mr. Migliaccio, went back to Thomas Broderick for the update on the Multilingual Issues Work Group. Mr. Broderick said the Mexican Consulates have been very supportive and have been an available resource in marketing safety and prevention information to Latino workers. He said there is an ESO coordinator in each region of OSHA's ten regions. He said they are planning a summit to take place in the spring. They have to make sure the workers sign the complaint forms because rumors or calls are hard to substantiate. There must be a distribution of information to the workers. He also said the role of the Wage and Hours group for day laborers was important to help the workers understand and obtain social security and health and unemployment benefits. He added that 10-15% of day laborers do not get paid for their work. Someone from Wage and hours should address these issues with the group.
Mr. Broderick said they need to pay attention to how people learn. It's been a pressing problem with Latinos and many other ethnic groups, for example the Eastern Europeans. He said the Fact Sheets on rigging needs to be in English and Spanish.
There was a motion to retain the Multilingual Issues Work Group's recordings. All [the committee] were in favor of this motion.
Silica and Other Construction Health Hazards Work Group
Matt Gillen gave the work group's update. Mr. Gillen said there were 37 attendees and both Co-chairs, Walter Jones and Dan Zarletti, attended. Mr. Gillen talked about noise and learning conservation. He said hearing protection should not interfere with communication on the job. He talked about should vs. shall language in regulations. He also said an important component was the testing of equipment. He talked about feasible engineering controls on noise levels and that there have been a low number of citations.
Mast Climbing Work Platforms Presentations
Co-Chaired by Stephen Martini, International Masonry Institute. Pam Susi was the speaker. She stated that the goal of the group is to research causes of accidents and assess adequacy. She gave a summary of incidents. There were twelve events and eighteen deaths. The summary did not specify the trade involved. Fall hazards are high. Recommendations for safe use were developed by a consensus work group. She said there were a lot of discussions on engineering and administrative controls. Mr. Mohammad Ayub helped with this.
Ms. Susi said towers are not designed to be climbed. In every job hazard analysis, a vertical climb is involved. There should be no more than a 20 ft climb from the platform. There needs to be defined responsibility for manufacturers' supplies, distributors, users, and owners.
In conclusion, OSHA standards are inadequate in addressing most climbers and this should be strengthened in accordance.
-Matt Gillen asked if there were any suggestions on how OSHA may add standards to the scaffolds section because there are so many different types of scaffolds.
-Travis Parsons of Laborers' Health and Safety Fund of North America said when the scaffold fails they collapse. It's a catastrophe. Proper training and regulations are vital to safety and health. This really needs to be looked at.
-Dan Zarletti said that after having worked with scaffolds, there needs to be safety regulations in place on top of training and design regulations. He said the perimeter guarding is a priority that needs to have regulations in place. At the ACCSH level, progress reports should be available each time when they meet so as to keep up with the momentum.
-Susan Bilhorn: She stated she appreciated the effort of the presentation and found it valuable information. She was curious how it got on the agenda. She said it would be helpful to have counterpoint from OSHA. As a matter of protocol she would like to have this moved into a motion in order to have proper dialogue. She asked if there is an outstanding recommendation from 2008.
-Dean McKenzie, Safety and Health Specialist, Office of Construction Services, Directorate of Construction/DOL/OSHA stated there were 13 recommendations.
-Susan Bilhorn said she would like to see the issue put on the agenda. Can one of the Work groups take this on Fall Protection?
-Sarah Shortall, ACCSH Counsel for DOL/OSHA, said they can establish a temporary workgroup.
-Matt Gillen said it is interesting what the recommendations are and what to do about it. OSHA has limited bandwidth, options for dissemination.
-Susan Bilhorn suggested they form a specific work group to work on this and they should discuss on how to integrate.
-Liz Arioto agreed that this is an important issue and that they should form a work group.
Travis Parsons said the work group that worked on this outside of this work group has a lot of comments that would beneficial. He said it would be a good "marriage" for the groups to collaborate.
-Walter Jones said he would like to see safety abate hazards and control strategies. He added training recommendations were very good; they should make sure they're looking at design control strategies not just training.
Kevin O'Shea informed the committee he was there to represent the Scaffold Industry Association, SIA and IPAF. He talked about the scaffolds. He said some scaffolds are perfectly enclosed working platforms and have material storage capacity. He said there were three important components of the scaffold: mast, platform and drive units. He said regulations have not been updated until recently since 1993. Mr. O'Shea gave some statistics. He said there are about 5,880 units with 70% utilization; 17,640 users per day; 25% of the labor
workforce changes every six weeks; 3.5 million working hours are utilized in dismantling. He said that safety and training information needs to be given to the individuals using the equipment. E. Bird's accident pyramid suggests there are 2400 near misses annually. Mast climbing work platforms (MCWs) accidents are normally catastrophic. Manufacturers do train, but they lose control when units are re-sold or rented out. Regulatory bodies are not fully aware of the hazards associated with MCWPs.
-Sarah Shortall asked that IPAF be identified. It stands for International Power Access Federation.
Mr. O'Shea said SIA was formed in 1972 to represent the interests of the scaffold and access industry. IPAF was formed in 1983 to promote the safe use of powered access. Mr. O'Shea said they are working on awareness concerns for OSHA personnel. He said their challenges now are to get the safety and training into the hands of the users. They have to continue their outreach and educate regulators.
-Liz Arioto acknowledged that some accidents and fatalities had been talked about. She asked if the manufacturers had provided any overloading information.
Mr. O'Shea said that it was difficult to control the overloading situation. He said they have graphic decals in the forklift truck so that the operator knows where to load the materials. He also said the information must be made to be user friendly and accessible to a busy job site.
-Kevin Beauregard said he heard Mr. O'Shea mention that his group was working on state awareness programs. He stated Mr. O'Shea's group can contact him for help with that. Mr. Beauregard also brought up the issue of requirements of elevator standards for delivery of personnel at the jobsite. He said there's a problem with the standards because of the utilization of equipment for specific purposes. He said Cal-OSHA has addressed this issue as a point of exit and entry.
-Matt Gillen asked how many supply manufacturers are there.
Mr. O'Shea indicated there were 50 million manufactures with 6 being in North America, mostly in Canada. The largest manufacturer is in Holland. He said supplier training is very high for the operator. They are put through a formal training process.
-Walter Jones asked if there is a hole in the standard.
Mr. O'Shea said the standards will be available sometime in the beginning of 2011. It is for suppliers and operators. It does not talk about inspection procedures and training. The standards documents is more of a guide.
-Emmett Russell asked about the equipment manuals. He asked if equipment manuals were provided and/or not used.
Mr. O'Shea said manuals are available, but not really used or may be removed. The product is lost during exchange and safety controls are lost as a result. He also said that if the type of equipment is different from job to job, then mast climbers are specific to that job.
-Sarah Shortall said that since IPAF guidelines are copy written, then they cannot put them on OSHA's website. Ms. Shortall made reference to Susan Bilhorn's motion for an ACCSH work group to be formed to examine mast climbers' safety and hazards' standards.
-Dan Zarletti asked Mr. O'Shea if he wanted to see some type of standard on mast climbers.
Mr. O'Shea said that to marry the two voices together would be good. The ACCSH work group would be a supplement to what they are doing.
Dan Zarletti mentioned Subpart L of CFR 1926 speaks to the various types of scaffolds standards. He said he was all for it, but he's trying to place it—trying to get the commonality.
-Steve Hawkins asked Mr. O'Shea when will the industry standards be available.
Mr. O'Shea said they will be available in March 2011.
After the lunch break, Ben Bare, Deputy Director for DOL/OSHA, Directorate of Construction gave an update from the April ACCSH meeting. Mr. Bare stated that ACCSH asked OSHA to move forward with additional training for Fall Protection programs. OSHA agreed with making this a priority as well as the addressing the issue of the number of toilet facilities on construction sites and separate facilities for males and females. OSHA is considering the recommendation. Mr. Bare spoke of ACCSH's recommendations that OSHA and NIOSH work together on federal orders, regulations, and Executive orders. He stated that the OSHA recommendation is in progress.
-Susan Bilhorn asked Mr. Bare to clarify what is the progress.
Mr. Bare said they are considering it and working on recommendations to address it.
-Liz Arioto asked what the consideration was.
Mr. Bare said the consideration was to take action or not.
-Liz Arioto asked if there was a timeline.
Mr. Bare stated there was no time line as of yet.
-Susan Bilhorn stated if there were other recommendations made. She suggested that a list of the proposed recommendations be put together in a packet and available for the committee so that they could better address the recommendations/issues and ask questions.
Green Jobs
Emmett Russell and Matt Gillen gave a presentation on Green Jobs. It was said that Green building is also known as highly sustainable buildings. Mr. Gillen said the roofing industry has developed its own safety standards. OSHA standards are based on activity. He also stated that Green jobs have some of the same hazards as regular construction. Wind Towers are a main hazard in Green jobs. He said Green Construction is usually smaller and has less awareness.
Injury & Illness Prevention Work Group (I2P2)
Susan Bilhorn gave updates on the I2P2 Work Group. She said the agenda was to review OSHA's request to NIOSH to develop a work group charter and establish an approach on how to accomplish this. She talked about specific challenges they would like NIOSH to participate in. She also talked about some of the advice given on hazardous education and that Rule making is considered a high priority. They want to incorporate more safety awareness in the small business community. The work group's focus is prevention not just enforcement and to provide best practices. Their approach is to be timely about this issue. They are going to take a look at key activism and requirements for rule making and utilize the experience of committee members for best practices guidance. They would like to set-up a conference call to discuss the 4, 6 tenets. All the members will be invited. They would like to discuss the issues prior to the next meeting so that they could cover it in that next meeting.
Tom Broderick then gave a briefing on the work group as well.
Power Fastening Nail Guns
Tom Kavicky presented the update on the Power Fastening Nail Guns Work Group. He said there were 40 participants. They reviewed the April 12th meeting minutes. They found that there was a lack of proper nomenclature usage from one nail gun community to another. Some issues they've been finding are the discharging of the nails and worker injuries due to misuse and lack of training. They also discussed how manufacturers have addressed the design of the tool.
Mr. Kavicky indicated a survey was given to over 3,000 carpenters regarding the use of nail guns. They found that the contract trip nailer was responsible for almost twice of the injuries. It was noted that some nail guns deliver up to 9 nails per second. The question arose of the issue of over-engineered guns. A document has been drafted on Nail Gun Safety—a guide for contractors. There was a discussion on having the document available for download on the OSHA and/or NIOSH website.
-Matt Gillen had a suggestion on some corrections. He stated the recommendation was to OSHA, not to NIOSH. They were, however, to work together.
Women in Construction
Liz Arioto presented an update on the work group. She indicated there were 19 participants in the work group. They reviewed the agenda and minutes from the last meeting. She mentioned North Carolina's Department of Labor has a Quick Card for women in construction and she recommended that OSHA produce a Quick Card for women in construction. Ms. Arioto discussed the importance of the design of PPEs for men and women. ACCSH recommends OSHA disseminate a list of manufacturers for PPEs for women and also the availability of equipment. Ms. Arioto also mentioned that North Carolina's revised draft could be useful information for a Quick Card.
Jim Tomaseski, Co-Chair for the Women in Construction Work Group, motioned to have a Women in Construction quick card developed by NC-DOL for a new OSHA quick card and/or fact sheet and a website for women in construction.
-Steve Hawkins said it was important for the agency to develop a website for women in construction. He said women are not widely represented. They should know that they have a place to go to for information.
Ms. Arioto asked Sarah Shortall if it would be a problem to add some more companies to her list.
-Ms. Shortall stated they have to be careful of the appearance of any OSHA endorsement. The solicitors' office would have to review the list. Ms. Shortall asked if the committee recommended OSHA use this quick card under their S&G.
-Dan Zarletti said he was hoping that OSHA would use the NC-DOL quick card's information to develop their own.
Directorate of Safety and Guidance DSG Update
Dorothy Dougherty and Mike Seymour of Directorate of Safety and Guidance (DSG) gave an update on their department. Ms. Dougherty stated OMB has control over the Regulatory Agenda. She talked about Silica hazards and that they are proceeding towards publishing their proposal. It will be published in the early part of 2011. They are working on regulations for electric power and generation- Subpart B. It is in its final stages. The hope is to have it out in the early part of the year. She also talked about the Injury and Illness prevention program.
DSG's core management duties are to establish policy, set specific goals with respect to safety and guidance, and plan and allocate resources. Mr. Seymour said that conducting workplace incidents are important. They need to identify employers that need help and which hazards must be controlled. Education and training programs can be used in tracking the hazards. He also said their next step is to enact the Small Business Enforcement Act.
-Susan Bilhorn had a question on baseline health and safety practices.
Mike Seymour responded by saying they were working on regulatory language (as they go along) The purpose of their survey is to do the economic analysis. They are working on the practices of safety in general.
Prevention by Design
Bill Ahal gave an update on Prevention by Design Work Group. Mr. Ahal said there were 27 attendees. They reviewed the minutes from the ACCSH Houston meeting.
Matt Gillen gave the NIOSH presentation on the Prevention by Design work group. He also mentioned similar prevention programs in Australia & the U.K. A presentation by Arizona Construction Alliance focused on existing programs that had real hazards, not only to workers, but to the public. It was an excellent example of how a relatively slight design change can cause hazards.
Bill Ahal said design by construction is a review process. Other organizations like the Architect Association should be invited to the work group meetings.
Public Comment
Tony Grote of IPAF Association represents clients that work with other associations, i.e., ARA, SIA. He has 30 years experience in the construction rental equipment industry. They provide standards guidance for the industry. He said his group is working on a safety guidance document for the industry. They have had problems identifying the lack of proper employee training. He said they see about 25 hazard fatalities per year involving aerial platforms. Mr. Grote said that if his group can assist ACCSH with any safety and health guidance they are available for them.
-Walter Jones commented that he appreciated what Mr. Grote's group was doing. He said it is the employers' responsibility not to allow the employee to go up on the platforms and that it is beyond just training the employees.
-Matt Gillen asked that with so much rental equipment out there, what sort of controls are in place.
Mr. Grote said operation manuals are provided and there are safety controls and ground controls.
-Frank Migliaccio mentioned the Full Body Harness standard.
-Tom Kavicky asked Mr. Grote to send a copy of their document to ACCSH when it's been completed.
-Jim Tomaseski said it's been a monumental task getting people to use the correct harnesses.
-Steve Hawkins asked Mr. Grote if they ever think about using the anchorage points. He said it goes back o training and assessing the language that is used.
-Liz Arioto suggested having one short life line and one long life line so that you have full coverage.
Mr. Grote stated that was a good idea. He said there was risk associated with the Boom type lift. There are design risks.
-Steve Hawkins asked if there was a standard on the aerial lift when it is fully extended and a person is thrown out or if the lift falls as a result of the person falling out.
-Eric Harbin stated there is a letter of interpretation regarding height hazards and they will be getting that review.
Committee Administration
Susan Bilhorn suggested for future meetings setting some time frames to marry up with any specific meetings. The intention is to aim for four meetings per year.
Frank Migliaccio stated they are not going to schedule anymore meetings at this time because new members are coming in and they have to consider their schedules.
Francis Dougherty will send out a calendar for two meetings to be scheduled in March, April or June.
The meeting was then adjourned.
Friday, December 10, 2010
The meeting was called to order by the Chair, Frank Migliaccio. Mr. Migliaccio stated the agenda for the day to include, the Education and Training (OTI) Work Group; Directorate of Enforcement Programs; LeBlanc Crane Presentation; Deputy Assistant Secretary Jordan Barab/State Programs update; and public comments.
Education and Training
Tom Shanahan gave the update on the OTI work group. Walter Jones is the Co-Chair for this group. Mr. Shanahan indicated 24 people attended the work group. They went over minutes from the previous meeting.
The work group talked about the ten hour training safety course. They also talked about CalOSHA and OSHA mandates.
Tom Shanahan said there have been many changes to the training program. The issue of it taking more than two hours to complete the 10 hour OSHA introduction section of the training. Mr. Shanahan said that is why the work groups are in place to offer input and make recommendations.
Walter Jones indicated OSHA 10 & 30 had recent changes on charter issues that did not go through the committee.
Tom Broderick commented on the ten hour training. He said there was a missed opportunity for the supervisor training as foremen are the "fingertips" of management. He said the first two hours of the ten are filled with supervisor training. The supervisors need to be reminded of their responsibility as supervisors and worker safety.
-Frank Migliaccio said he recalled as a Co-Chair [of OTI], OTI would assist OSHA. He didn't know if the committee should reiterate they are there to assist and guide OSHA.
-Dan Zarletti said that the committee needs to determine what their role is with them (OSHA). He said if they need help, they'd schedule it in and discuss it.
Tom Shanahan stated that the work group's issue was to make a statement.
Walter Jones said can informally ask the Director to follow-up on this. They do not need to make a motion at this time.
-Liz Arioto thought retention time was an issue in the ten-hour training. She thought having the training in two days would work better.
-Mike Thibodeaux said he spoke with some of the two-hour participants and they indicated the training normally goes over two hours. He said OTI may need to look over the content.
Tom Shanahan said he would like to discuss ACCSH asking OSHA to ensure change proposals are first run through the co-chairs.
-Frank Migliaccio said Mr. Shanahan could make a motion.
-Tom Broderick said he was concerned about how many recommendations are there and is there reasonable expectation.
-Kevin Beauregard stated he does not disagree with items going in, but they must be careful saying all changes go through the work group. Clarification about what OTI charter is.
Walter Jones said it does not imply "all Chairs."
-Susan Bilhorn asked if it is possible.
-Frank Migliaccio said yes, it's been done before.
-Steve Hawkins said he felt more comfortable and would appreciate OSHA getting ACCSH's input. He wanted put in a motion to encourage input.
Frank Migliaccio asked they are willing to accept the changes.
-Steve Hawkins commented on content changes. He wants a motion
Tom Shanahan motioned to ask OSHA to seek ACCSH before making any significant changes.
-Emmett Russell said he would like to go over the best practices of aerial work and equipment. He said they've done a good job of outlining training and would like to motion to look at the document.
-Liz Arioto asked if they are to recommend the product itself.
-Emmett Russell commented he was not as detailed on the content as he is on the concept.
-Liz Arioto gave an example of page 14 in the document. She said little things are missing that could be important.
-Steve Hawkins motioned to recommend OSHA familiarize themselves with equipment and training.
-Dean McKenzie said to run the issues/changes through the Alliance program and see what is acceptable to OSHA. He also said they are trying to get the information on the website.
Tom Kavicky said he agrees with Mr. McKenzie.
Tom Broderick stated IPAF is negotiating with OSHA right not. He's not sure if this makes it a little complicated right now. He said he would be interested in championing this document.
Frank Migliaccio asked if everyone was in favor of the motion and all said they were.
Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP) (SEE HANDOUT FOR NOTES)
Jennifer Kole, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, Office of General Industries talked about SVEP's role. SVEP replaced the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) that was in place since 2003. Their program targets high emphasis hazards such as amputations, combustible dust, and excavations. SVEP also works with construction and maritime.
Le Blanc Crane Hazard Presentation
Reynold Le Blanc spoke on the Galion Crane safety issue. He has 42 years experience with hydraulic cranes. Mr. Le Blanc wanted to speak with to the committee about his experiences with the problem of the hoist brakes on cranes—the brake mechanism on the gearbox. He gave a conservative estimate on the number of cranes with this problem, between 5,000-6,000 cranes. Mr. LeBlanc said when the little line slips [on the hoist brake] it puts the employee at risk to lose a hand, smash a finger or end in a fatality.
He said he didn't know about any OSHA standards with regard to this issue. He was trying to do what he could with the manufacturer's supplied parts to fix the crane, but this did not solve the problem. He said the consensus amongst most crane operators is that they just adapt to it. The acceptance is that "it's the way they are made." Out in the field he tells operators about the problem.
Mr. LeBlanc stated that third party inspectors say they check everything, but OSHA does not mandate checking the hoist brakes.
Mr. Le Blanc presented a slide presentation. He showed pictures of a glazed brake when the shoes and drum are easily worn out in places that make them unsafe. He said glazed brakes are the worst.
Mr. LeBlanc asked OSHA to send an alert to the industry about this problem and enforce some regulations regarding safety guidelines for the cranes.
-Liz Arioto asked Mr. Le Blanc if he contacted the manufacturing company of the cranes.
Mr. Le Blanc said the manufacturing company is no longer in business. He said the Galion cranes are no longer being made, but they are not obsolete. They will be around for about another 20 years.
-Dan Zarletti asked as a general contractor, how will he know if the crane he uses has that condition?
Mr. Le Blanc said the faulty brake system is not on other cranes. They have different systems. This problem is only on the Galion cranes.
-Emmett Russell said that he and Mr. Le Blanc have had a number of conversations about this issue. They've tried to contact the manufacture, but could not find anyone who wanted to talk about the problem. He's also had a qualified engineer look at the problem. Mr. Russell wanted to make a motion to look at this product.
DCSP Presentation
Presenters were Leann Jillings, Patrick Showalter and Elizabeth Way. Their group provides small business assistance including consultation programs with regard to safety and health. They are responsible for small business outreach programs and interacting with small businesses. They have conducted over 31,000 site visits working with specific small business consultations.
One of their programs is the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). This program has a 28 year history. Employers and employees must work together to achieve a culture of safety. The VPP impact is that the injury and illness rates are more than 50% better than the national averages.
Elizabeth Wade (Office of Outreach Services) spoke on the Alliance Program. She said their focus has been on worker participation; raising awareness of OSHA's rulemaking; enforcement initiatives; and training and education. They've done a lot of work with the consulates and faith based organizations.
Ms. Wade said they've also incorporated the assistance of Wage and Hour standards. They are making sure they provide products that are user friendly and information for workers about safety and worker rights. The products are available in English, Spanish and Vietnamese.
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Jordan Barab – Update on State Programs
Mr. Barab discussed the rash of fatalities in Las Vegas center city strip from 2002-2008. They commissioned a study of the Nevada state program to find out why the rash of fatalities. An in-depth study was conducted and a lot of problems were identified. OSHA asked themselves was Nevada unique in this situation. As a result, they felt they needed to be more hands on and needed to examine all the states.
They found some problems and found some things that were better than what Federal OSHA had in place. State penalties were significantly below OSHA's standards. Because of some staffing issues and budget problems, some states withdrew their state plans.
Mr. Barab said they are in the process of working to readjust the penalty systems. The average penalty is $2,000 and they are trying to raise it to $3,000. They are trying to restructure their relationship with the states.
-Kevin Beauregard commented on the evaluation of state plans and improvements. He said penalties are important. He said the criteria for violations should be held at the same for the state and national level.
Mr. Barab concluded that ACCSH is the premiere advice committee that they do use and that ACCSH is valuable to what they do.
Mr. Frank Migliaccio thanked Mr. Barab.
Public Comment
George Van Sickel spoke about his concern on the hazards of concrete pumps. He stated he has 35 years working in the concrete industry. He wanted to know why there's no regulation on concrete pumps. He said there's been a rash of hose whipping accidents with concrete pumps. He provided a website called www.concretepumping.com. He indicated you can see videos of pump accidents on the websites to support the problem with this issue. Mr. Van Sickel said the riggers should have another person working on the pump who is certified to work with them. He cited communication as one of the issues that causes the risk of injury. This is because either the distance between the two operators is too far or because of a language barrier between the two operators.
-Susan Bilhorn asked what OSHA's thought on this issue was and can they answer or address this next time.
-Eric Harbin stated they will look into the issue and appreciated Mr. Van Sickel coming in to speak on the issue.
-Emmett Russell commented they discussed the same issues with the crane rule. He said this would be the start of putting something together.
Frank Migliaccio re-opened the discussion of the cranes issue. Mr. Le Blanc came back to speak on the problems with the cranes
-Tom Shanahan commented on how most operators believe the crane is working properly if the crane is operable. There's a misconception that defeating this is not actually doing anything wrong.
-Ben Bare asked if anything had been published on this issue.
Mr. Le Blanc stated that he had an article.
-Matt Gillen asked if there was an organization that conducted crane and maritime inspections. He stated that maybe OSHA needs to put together a bulletin together.
-Emmett Russell said they had this issue before and they can't do anything without a competent engineer or manufacturing company's approval over this issue.
-Susan Bilhorn asked about a motion for looking into the cranes issue.
-Liz Arioto asked if there was an accident, where would the liability fall. Would there be any legal ramifications of their advice? (ACCSH falls under the indemnity clause and cannot be held liable.)
-Bill Ahal asked if NIOSH has any responsible interests in the crane issue.
-Matt Gillen stated he would bring the issue back to NIOSH.
Closing Remarks
Liz Arioto said she thinks the Nail gun work group can go on longer. Women in Construction can be brought to a close—very little participation. Green Jobs just got started and the work group should continue.
Frank Migliaccio stated by the next meeting they should have an idea about the Women in Construction.
Dan Zarletti indicated he would like to Co-Chair that work group and leave it as a meeting possibility.
Meeting adjourned.


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The ECB's Governing Council meets on Wednesday and will review the provision of so-called Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) to Greek banks, with Greece at loggerheads with euro zone governments over the future of its international bailout, which expires at the end of this month.
The ECB has stopped accepting Greek bonds as collateral for funding, shifting the burden of financing its lenders via ELA to Greece's central bank. However, the ECB retains control over that ELA funding, which is subject to tight conditions.
The rules stipulate that national central banks can only grant such funding temporarily and to solvent banks.
"There is no sudden end of ELA expected this week," the person familiar with the situation said.
(Editing by Paul Taylor)

subset: commoncrawl


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Fashion is something that must not be ignored when it contributes to a stylish lifestyle. It is generally believed that only women are interested in fashion, but this isn't true. Men are also very serious about their appearance. This is definitely the important cause of the rising popularity of trendy outfits for them. Do you wish to acquire an attractive look? Do you wish to lead a stylish lifestyle? If yes, then you should buy made-to-measure suits. To buy made-to-measure suits online, visit Su Misura Bespoke Edmonton website.
Are you still in a high dilemma? If so, then you need to check the points provided below to look stylish in made-to-measure suits.
Understanding your needs: It is actually the first and the most important point that you need to keep in mind when looking for ways to become an attractive personality. You need to be aware of your style or outfit needs. You should not select a dress that you don't actually require. Therefore, before making the final option, you have to first determine your grooming requirements.
Now, the question arises here how to learn about your fashion and apparel requirements? Because of this, you are able to keep some things in mind like your physique, your age, skin color, occasion, and some other things. Considering these points can help you opt for the most appropriate men's outfits.
Proceed with the latest fashion: If you want to be a style icon, then you have to choose men's outfits in vogue. Going with the most recent fashionable outfits will be able to help you find out the ideal wear for men. In the case of choosing an organization that neglects your physique or contour, you may have to repent of your decision.
Why only made-to-measure suits: Do you want to accomplish a gentle look? Would you want to look good and confident? Would you want to look fashionable? They can be beautified by guys of any age. If you're interested in finding something that may be used irrespective of the chance throughout the calendar year, then you need to go for a made-to-measure suit option.


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Climbing Club
The SUNY Plattsburgh climbing club is about spreading and sharing the joy of climbing and teaching basic skills and techniques in a friendly environment. We host small local competitions and climbing related activities.
The club is open to any SUNY Plattsburgh student. There is NO required fee. Members will be required to fill out a waiver with the fitness center before climbing or participating in any climbing wall activity.
About the Climbing Team
The SUNY Plattsburgh climbing team is open to all levels which competes in indoor climbing competitions in the Northeast region. Anyone who is part of the climbing club and has an interest in competitive climbing is welcome to join, the competitions are open to and attended by climbers of all abilities and experience levels.
No special equipment is required, climbing shoes and harnesses are available to use at the wall.
Membership Procedures
View Sports Club Rules and Guidelines
Club Officers:
Alex Craft
Email: [email protected]
Alex Hepburn
Email: [email protected]
Connor Kuebler
Email: [email protected]


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If you look into people, you find them in 4 categories:
- Obedient to Allah and happy with their life.
- Obedient to Allah but unhappy with their life.
- Disobedient to Allah but happy with their life.
- Disobedient to Allah and unhappy with their life.
Falling in category 1 is normal because Allah says:
- ❝Whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while he is a believer – We will surely cause him to live a good life, and We will surely give them their reward [in the Hereafter] according to the best of what they used to do.❞
(Al Nahl 97)
Falling in category 4 is also normal because Allah says:
❝And whoever turns away from My remembrance – indeed, he will have a depressed life, and We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind.❞
(Taha 124)
However falling in category 2 may be the result of either of two things:
1) That Allah loves you and therefore is testing your patience to increase your rewards; this is because He says:
❝And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient,❞
(Al Baqarah 155)
2) Or that there are errors in your worship, sins that you commit unknowingly or sins that you aren't repenting from.
Hence Allah is testing you to make you realize your mistake, as He says:
❝And we will surely let them taste the nearer punishment short of the greater punishment that perhaps they will repent.❞
(As Sajdah 21)
However, falling in category 3 should be a red warning to one's foot slipping downwards.
*This is the worst position for one to find themselves in because it results in grave punishments. As Allah say:
❝So when they forgot that by which they had been reminded, We opened to them the doors of every [good] thing until, when they rejoiced in that which they were given, We seized them suddenly, and they were [then] in despair.❞
(Al Ana'am 44)


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Each link sent to a client is unique. If further security is required, a PIN or Password can also be set up. With our plug-in partner the practice is in charge and able to start a consultation when ready, as clients wait in an online virtual "Waiting Room" environment.
Also see - Online Booking and Book My App.


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The manufacturing sector is still a vital component of the UK's economic recovery
Britain has an illustrious industrial history, but the manufacturing sector's contribution to gross deomestic product (GDP) has declined dramatically over the post-war years. In 1948, manufacturing accounted for 41 per cent of our GDP according to the Office for National Statistics and it only accounts for just over 14 per cent of GDP now. The services sector has seen a staggering rise from 46 per cent to 79 per cent over the same period. Within that, financial services has become increasingly important to the British economy and now accounts for 10 per cent of GDP. By contrast, only 3.9 per cent of Germany's GDP comes from financial services, whilst 22 per cent comes from manufacturing.
Is there anything wrong in having such a bias in our economy to services? There are obvious risks involved in being an island nation, which is dependent on other countries to manufacture our goods for us. We are exposed to currency risk and to increases in transportation. If there was another major war, we would be in a precarious position with so little manufacturing capacity. The desire to drive down the cost of goods by exporting manufacturing primarily to China has left us in a potentially vulnerable position and created an imbalance in our economy.
Many companies are frightened to borrow money following the credit crunch
One must admire the way in which the German economy has developed in the post war years. Whilst we abandoned manufacturing lured by easy savings resulting from moving the making of goods to the Far East, Germany allowed cheap, low-margin goods to be manufactured in the Far East and retained precision engineering and luxury car manufacture. Britain needs to rebuild its manufacturing base and, if this to be achieved, finance needs to be made available to manufacturing businesses.
Money&Co. is committed to making funds available to the sector and I went down to a major event for the sector in Kent today and spoke to a number of companies about our approach to funding loans. There are still many that are frightened to borrow money after the credit crunch. I explained that there is nothing wrong with borrowing money as long as the company's cash flow is strong enough.
I get the sense that, despite the recovery, many companies remain cautious about the economic prospects. However, there are good quality companies in the manufacturing sector and beyond who do want to borrow money for expansion. This gives an excellent opportunity to lenders looking for a better rate of return on their cash.


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Digests » 273
O'Reilly Velocity Conference | September 30-October 3 in New York, NY
At Velocity, you'll get the training you need to make your systems fast, resilient, and secure. You'll learn from experts and practitioners like Tammy Butow (Gremlin), Sebastien Goasguen (Bitnami), Bridget Kromhout (Microsoft), and scores of others. You'll acquire new insights into DevOps, distributed systems, Kubernetes, Docker, and tech leadership—practical knowledge you can take back and apply immediately to your work. Early Price ends August 17. Register today to save up to $200!
this week's favorite
Programmer's introduction to linear equations
Being a practicing programmer, you are very unlikely to implement yet another linear system solving algorithm. This introduction doesn't cover the implementation details of such, therefore. Although, you will probably face the problems that may be solved in a form of linear systems, and often more elegantly than by any other means. This tutorial is all about the concepts that should help you recognize these problems and find the best solution for them.
How Tinder keeps your exact location (a bit) private
The Tinder app tracks its users' locations in order to tell potential matches how far away they are from each other. This enables users to make rational decisions about whether it's really worth traveling 8 miles to see a 6, 6.5 tops, when they've also got a tub of ice cream in the fridge and work the next morning.
Lean Testing or Why Unit Tests are Worse than You Think
Testing is a controversial topic. People have strong convictions about testing approaches. Test Driven Development is the most prominent example. Clear empirical evidence is missing which invites strong claims. I advocate for an economic perspective towards testing.
How is JavaScript used within the Spotify desktop application?
I would bet that the Spotify desktop client is among the top 25 most intricate uses of JavaScript in the world. The Spotify desktop client UI is completely built with JavaScript, resting on top of the same C++ core that the iOS and Android clients uses.
Original Apollo 11 Guidance Computer (AGC) source code for the command and lunar modules
Original Apollo 11 guidance computer (AGC) source code for Command Module (Comanche055) and Lunar Module (Luminary099). Digitized by the folks at Virtual AGC and MIT Museum. The goal is to be a repo for the original Apollo 11 source code. As such, PRs are welcome for any issues identified between the transcriptions in this repository and the original source scans for Luminary 099 and Comanche 055, as well as any files I may have missed.
Join over 15,500 readers for a free weekly email with fresh news, articles and tutorials.


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Demolition Construction Blades
Presentation is every little thing. Individuals who develop church phone directory sites, employee manuals, image cds and also the main dish at that new French dining establishment are worried about presentation. In most cases, what you see is what you get, making what you see quite crucial.
There are a number of different office products on the market that can assist customers in creating expert presentations in the job globe, residence life, church and institution. Laminators, binding makers and also paper cutters are among these items. With first impressions being as crucial as they are, investing in some or every one of these equipments is a wise move.
The most common of all workplace machines is probably the paper trimmer. These prevail in schools, little workplaces and also other establishments. Paper leaners and also paper cutters are often perplexed with one another. Paper trimmers can manage a little quantity of work, while paper cutters manage bigger numbers.
Paper cutters and trimmers are both used to cut papers, pictures, booklets and also various other products into specific sizes. This can be vital when reducing a handout for a speech or creating a manual or proposal for a big business meeting. Paper cutters as well as leaners are made use of in colleges for everything from art to geometry.
There are a few elements to keep in mind when selecting which paper cutter is ideal for you:
CLICK HERE To Find Out More: https://www.merchantcircle.com/blogs/metal-shear-blades1-pittsburgh-pa/2018/8/Metal-Shear-Blades/1554869
* The variety of web pages you want to be able to reduce at one time.
* The product you will certainly be cutting.
* The frequency for which you'll be utilizing the paper cutter.
* The amount of area you have to house the paper cutter.
Larger firms tend to own larger cutters because their requirements are better and also they have a tendency to have a great deal of area to keep such devices. Smaller sized services and institutions will sometimes make use of a basic paper trimmer for smaller sized jobs. There are numerous primary kinds of paper cutters available:
* Rotary: Rotating paper leaners make use of a rounded blade that glides along a rail to cut paper in a straight line. Rotary leaners tend to be utilized in reduced quantity applications and are optimal for cutting laminated sheets as well as photos.
* Guillotine: Guillotine paper cutters are an industrial stamina kind of cutter. They have a clamp that holds the stack of paper in position. Guillotine cutters are so powerful that they are able to reduce up to three inches of paper in one slice.
* Guidebook: Manual cutters are typically considered to be paper leaners. These are the smaller sized, hand-operated variation of a paper cutter.
* Electric: Electric paper cutters have an automated blade and also clamp. While the blade and clamp are adjusted manually, the rest of the work is done by the equipment. These are especially helpful in settings where a high quantity of work requires to be done. All you need to do is establish it and forget it!
Discussion is whatever in today's cosmetically preoccupied world. This is especially real when it concerns presentation products. Quality cut paper, well-laminated sheets and also effectively bound web pages can make a globe of distinction. And also the products that are needed for such projects-paper, blades, coil binding, wire binding, and also laminating as well as binding supplies-can be found at a top quality workplace item producer.
Develop stunning presentations with the right devices. Attire your organisation, office, institution or church with the requirements that allow you to appear positive and also professional. Bear in mind that it's everything about first impressions. Never undervalue the power of a professional and also well-organized presentation. The benefits will certainly go back to you ten-fold.


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Another late post. I'm struggling to get things done for myself right now. By this time next week my schedule will be different and I will be learning to function in a different time slot. I'm looking forward to this a lot. After being on third shift for five years, the idea of being able to sleep at night rather than during the day is like a rainbow spreading over my spirit. Knowing that I'm in the last days of perpetual daylight seems to be causing extreme tiredness though. It's like my body knows that real sleep is coming and is already trying to get to it.
Before I go, here's a quick work-related story.
I was talking with a coworker about Lemon Wedges, which is my nickname for a certain customer who comes in pretty much every night. The name came from her particular habit of eating lemon wedges in their entirety. Pulp, seeds, rind, all of it. The whole wedge goes in her mouth and nothing comes back out. After relating this curious fact to my coworker, he stared at her for a few seconds, shrugged and said, "She always reminds me of Misery. You know, that book by Stephen King?" I promptly leaped aboard the Fiction Train and let it carry me off for the rest of the night. Finding the Wand Maker from Harry Potter was the pinnacle of my work day!


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HONOLULU, April 12, 2010 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ --For the second straight year and third year out of the past four, Hawaiian Airlines earned the nation's number one ranking for overall quality in 2009, according to the findings reported today in the 20th annual Airline Quality Rating (AQR) study.
(Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20100412/LA84719)
(Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20040827/LAF044LOGO)
Hawaiian was also the top-ranked airline in the annual AQR study for 2006 and 2008, and was not included in the report for 2007.
Mark Dunkerley, Hawaiian's president and CEO, commented, "As in prior years, credit for this achievement goes to our tireless employees, who consistently deliver the superior quality of customer service that sets Hawaiian Airlines apart."
Eighteen of the nation's leading carriers were ranked in the airline industry's most comprehensive annual study of performance and service quality conducted by Dr. Brent D. Bowen of Purdue University and Dr. Dean E. Headley of Wichita State University, and reported online at www.aqr.aero.
Each carrier was evaluated based on a mathematical formula using a weighted average of multiple elements in four major areas important to consumers when judging the quality of airline services: on-time performance, mishandled baggage, involuntary denied boardings, and customer complaints.
Hawaiian's AQR score for 2009 was -0.40 compared to the industry average of -1.27. The 2009 AQR study reported that Hawaiian ranked as the nation's top airline for on-time performance at 92.1 percent, which was also the best score of any airline for the past two years. Hawaiian ranked second nationally for mishandled baggage reports at 1.90 per 1,000 passengers and for denied boarding performance at 0.03 per 10,000 passengers, and the company's customer complaint rate of 0.74 per 100,000 passengers was better than the industry average.
Hawaiian is the nation's largest provider of air service to Hawaii from the Western U.S. and the leading carrier for interisland service between the islands of Hawaii.
About Hawaiian Airlines
Hawaiian is the nation's highest-ranked carrier for service quality and performance in 2009 in the 20th annual Airline Quality Rating study, having earned that distinction in three of the past four years. Hawaiian has also led all U.S. carriers in on-time performance for each of the past six years (2004-2009) and has been an industry leader in fewest misplaced bags during that same period (#1 from 2005-2007, #2 in 2008 and 2009) as reported by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Consumer surveys by Conde Nast Traveler, Travel + Leisure and Zagat have all ranked Hawaiian the top domestic airline serving Hawaii.
Now in its 81st year of continuous service for Hawaii, Hawaiian is the state's biggest and longest-serving airline, as well as the largest provider of passenger air service to Hawaii from the state's primary visitor markets on the U.S. mainland. Hawaiian offers nonstop service to Hawaii from more U.S. gateway cities (10) than any other airline, as well as service to the Philippines, Australia, American Samoa, and Tahiti. Hawaiian also provides more than 150 daily jet flights between the Hawaiian Islands.
Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: HA). Additional information is available at HawaiianAirlines.com.
SOURCE Hawaiian Airlines


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This year is shaping up to be one of the worst customer retention years in the history of pay TV. Cable, satellite and phone companies that offer video services lost 113,000 customers in the third quarter, according to a report by MoffettNathanson.
So what are cable and satellite companies' frenemies—the broadcast partners and content kings—doing to ensure that the television status quo continues into the next generation of viewers? They're cutting the cord themselves, to a degree. Networks with a strong mobile presence are using the basics of cord-cutting against the next generation's would-be cord cutters, roping children into the existing ecosystem in a roundabout way.
Disney, for example, is trying to embrace the second screen and win children over at an earlier age. It introduced a new animated series, "Sheriff Callie's Wild West," Nov. 24 as part of its Disney Junior brand, but instead of launching on the TV network, the first nine episodes are available through the Watch Disney Junior app and a related website. The show won't make it to traditional broadcast until next year.
Here's the hook: As with Time Warner's HBO GO or Disney's WatchESPN, kids who want to view "Sheriff Callie's Wild West" will first have to verify a subscriptions to a cable or satellite provider.
Viacom's Nickelodeon, which recently won an interactive media Emmy Award for its app and will release one for Nick Jr. in the spring, uses a similar method, requiring users to authenticate subscriptions to get the most from its mobile offerings.
(Read more: The bully you don't believe exists: Your own kid)
Our research shows that people choose the best screen available to them.Albert Chengexecutive v.p., chief product officer of digital media, Disney/ABC Television
"Younger viewers have the expectation that the content they want is accessible across all of these various screens," said Greg Ireland, an analyst with IDC. "That's where individual programmers, like Disney and HBO with their different apps, are attempting to address that consumer desire, but within the business rules of pay-TV distribution. It's a way to win on both sides. It can satisfy increasing consumer desire for consumption across many screens, but done in a way that reinforces the existing business model that these big media companies depend upon."
Networks rely on carriage fees from pay-TV operators for a sizable percentage of their income, and those amounts rise 5 percent to 6 percent a year, according to Jeff Kagan, an independent technology industry analyst.
The MoffettNathanson study noted that most cancellations are due to the rising cost of pay-TV services rather than technological alternatives.
Albert Cheng, executive vice president and chief product officer of digital media, Disney/ABC Television Group, told CNBC that Disney is not concerned about the risk of contributing to a permanent cord-cutting mentality.
"Our research shows that people choose the best screen available to them," he said. "So if they're at home, they'll watch on a TV set. If the TV set is being used by another member of the household, or they are on the go, they'll access the shows via a mobile screen. ... Ultimately, this gives consumers more and better choices, which adds clear value to their subscription services."
(Read more: One in seven Americans is offline. Why? It's complicated)
Focusing these efforts on a young, app-friendly audience might seem like a Joe Camel-esque strategy, but it's one that's not hard to understand.
Children use technology very young these days. A Common Sense Media study found that nearly 40 percent of those under 2 years old have used smartphones and tablets—up from 10 percent two years ago. Roughly 75 percent of kids under 8 have used such devices, double the figure in 2011.
"Interacting with smartphones and tablets is second nature to kids today," Cheng said in a recent Disney release. The company's research shows tablets are among the fastest-growing devices ever—more than half of households with kids own a tablet, a gain of over 40 percent from last year.
(Read more: The world's texting capital is Zimbabwe)
The influx of new screens has created a schism between viewing audiences. Older adults are content with their living room sets, but younger customers often prefer other options. In its sixth "State of the Media Democracy" report earlier this year, Deloitte said that 9 percent of those it surveyed had cut the cord and 11 percent said they were considering it.
"The cable television industry is hanging onto customers because that's what those customers are familiar with," said Kagan, the consultant. "The younger audience doesn't watch the same way their parents do. They watch on their tablets. They watch on their laptops. ... There's definitely a digital divide."
Whether the preemptive cord-cutting strategy will work long term remains to be seen, but Ireland at IDC said it's a good start.
"There's more of a near-term evolution of the business model going on than a revolution," he said. "Arguably, you could say its a stopgap measure—but it's not a bad stopgap measure."
Those now most interested in "TV anywhere" ultimately may evolve into a traditional audience: As young, on-the-go viewers who want to access their favorite shows remotely get older and have families, there's a good chance they'll become typical homebodies, analysts said. And if their cable and satellite companies have been able to fulfill their mobile needs, there's no reason to think they'll cut the cord.
"There are a lot of different ways of getting content, and they're all going to thrive," Kagan said. "The question is which are going to lead and which are going to follow?"
—By Chris Morris, Special to CNBC.com


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Pleasure Island Youth Baseball machine pitch and T-Ball Leagues wrapped up their Fall season this past Saturday. Players, families and friends enjoyed two, 6 inning games, Island Hots and a tour of the Carolina Beach Fire Truck!
"Pleasure Island Youth Baseball is a non-profit organization whose mission is to provide opportunity to all those who wish to participate in Cal Ripken and Babe Ruth baseball. PIYB's ultimate endeavor is to foster our player's development and strengthen fundamentals associated with the game of baseball.
We strive to encourage and strengthen the virtues of sportsmanship, respect, competitiveness, teamwork, and work ethic in a positive environment that is fair, spirited, and fun for players and their families."


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Maine Legislature
Maine Revised Statutes
Session Law
Maine State Constitution
Ch. 1053 PDF
Ch. 1053 MS-Word
Statute Search
Title 22 Contents
List of Titles
Maine Law & Disclaimer
Revisor's Office
Maine Legislature
Title 22, Chapter 1053: AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN
22 §3741. Aid to dependent children; promotion of economic self-support (REPEALED)
22 §3741-A. Recipients with children 3 years of age and older (REPEALED)
22 §3741-B. Teenage parents (REPEALED)
22 §3741-C. Program requirements (REPEALED)
22 §3741-D. Eligibility for federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children based on unemployment (REPEALED)
22 §3741-E. Voluntary participants given priority (REPEALED)
22 §3741-F. Transitional support services (REPEALED)
22 §3741-G. Transitional medical assistance (REPEALED)
22 §3741-H. Child care during participation in employment, education and training (REPEALED)
22 §3741-I. Transitional support services; child care; transportation (REPEALED)
22 §3741-J. Family contract (REPEALED)
22 §3741-K. ASPIRE-Plus (REPEALED)
22 §3741-L. Family planning services (REPEALED)
22 §3741-M. Nontraditional job training and placement services (REPEALED)
22 §3742. Eligibility for aid (REPEALED)
22 §3743. Recipients and relatives not to be pauperized (REPEALED)
22 §3744. Applications for aid (REPEALED)
22 §3745. Duties of commissioner (REPEALED)
22 §3746. Amount of aid (REPEALED)
22 §3747. Administration of funds (REPEALED)
22 §3748. Appeals (REPEALED)
22 §3749. Acceptance of provisions of federal law (REPEALED)
22 §3750. Assessment of towns (REPEALED)
22 §3751. Federal grants (REPEALED)
22 §3752. Payments to guardian or conservator (REPEALED)
22 §3753. Inalienability of assistance (REPEALED)
22 §3754. Parental responsibility (REPEALED)
22 §3755. Locating those liable for support of dependents (REPEALED)
22 §3755-A. Disclosure of information in medical support recoupment and child support cases (REPEALED)
22 §3756. Fraud in obtaining aid, civil recovery (REPEALED)
22 §3757. Substantiation of eligibility (REPEALED)
22 §3758. Disbursements (REPEALED)
22 §3758-A. Transfer of funds (REPEALED)
22 §3759. Report of commissioner (REPEALED)
22 §3760. Assistance for needy full-time students 18 to 21 years of age (REPEALED)
22 §3760-A. Assistance to first-time pregnant women (REPEALED)
22 §3760-B. Notification to the Legislature (REPEALED)
22 §3760-C. Households headed by minor parents (REPEALED)
22 §3760-D. Special needs payment for recipients with excessive shelter costs (REPEALED)
22 §3760-E. Equivalent standard of need (REPEALED)
22 §3760-F. Continuation of Medicaid and report (REPEALED)
22 §3760-G. Earned income tax credit (REPEALED)
22 §3760-H. Definitions (REPEALED)
22 §3760-I. Alternative aid (REPEALED)
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CGI Industrial Solutions are a Christchurch owned and operated business, supplying specialised engineering products to the New Zealand industry. They work closely with their clients to identify the purpose-built products that are best suited to the client's needs and advise them on how to maintain their equipment.
To find out more, visit cgiindustrial.co.nz


text:
dance: made in Canada
Mrozewski Series
Habiter by Katia-Marie-Germain (Montreal)
Leftovers by Josh Martin (Vancouver)
Betty Oliphant Theatre, Toronto
August 15 - August 17 2019
Reviewed by Ted Fox
Performers: Katia-Maria Germain and Marie-Gabrielle Menard
In Habiter, a woman sits at a white table-clothed breakfast table on which are a teapot, two cups, and some fruit. She appears to be awaiting a guest for tea.
Gradually, ever so slowly, she raises her arm, following which come a series of infinitesimal movements suspending us in time. When her guest arrives and sits down, her gestures mirror the other's. Both for example mime out pouring the tea, bringing cups to their lips and sipping.
There is a light on a tall stand to left-- all else is in darkness, with only this light to the side lighting one side of her face and the table. This chiaroscuro effect gives strong contrast sharpening the image like that of a Renaissance painting.
The light blinks on and off for seconds.This allows them to shift positions-- sitting, standing near and around the table. Creates blink of the eye tableaux of lives lived in the moment.
A work in which darkness permeates all. Where two lives exist in the moment frozen for a second or two in time. We the audience become suspended in timelessness. Meditating on the minute details of life we do not normally see. Hidden by the pace of our urban existence.
Like intruding on unspoken intimate moments as they are not conscious of us watching. We could be observing the creative process of a painter or a photographer.
Performer: Josh Martin
After the calm meditative piece, Habiter, Leftovers starts with a crescendo of deafening, high-pitched crashes of sound. We first see Josh Martin's body wracked and contorted in reaction to this.
The music soundscape becomes less intense but still very present, continuing throughout. His body reacting. Punctuated by periods of exhaustion.
The program notes state that this is an investigation of a body releasing and coming to terms with the states and sensations embedded within the muscles, tendons and organs. The dancer is doing so by entering his body and accessing them.
I feel that external sources are throughout impacting his body.
Also feel that this piece should have been shown prior to Habiter. The jarring irritating violent opening cancels out the calm meditative feel of the first piece.


text:
Whilst on assignment in Iraq, English TV presenter and journalist Robert Tremayne is captured by Islamic Jihadists and held hostage. His soul mate, Marielle, can barely come to terms with her loss but tries to move on with her life.
Two years later Robert is discovered alive. Marielle is overjoyed, but her life has changed beyond all recognition, and the man she loved is now very different. His time in Iraq has left him cold, emotionless and detached. There's much to tell, and each wants desperately to return to the way things once were.
With the past always there to come between them, will they be able to recapture their lost love? Will they ever be happy again?
PUBLISHER NOTE: This book was previously published as 'The Return' by best-selling author, Jan Bowles
Safe within the confines of the house, Robert watched the scene unfurl before him. At first he became entranced by the little girl and the elegant woman cutting across his land. The peaceful scene seemed somehow perfect for this warm May Day, their golden hair attracting the sun's rays.
He felt amused that they'd taken a shortcut across his private property. After all, he had only himself to blame, he'd stayed away too long, people soon forgot.
His enchantment though had soon turned to one of utter surprise, when he'd realised the identity of the woman. In this tiny village of Kelston, he knew he would eventually run into Marielle if he decided to stay. Frankly though, he hadn't expected it to be quite so soon.
He watched her turn and gaze at the house when she reached the gravel driveway. Could she sense his presence? He doubted it. He'd only arrived at Willow Hall last night, and that happened under cover of darkness. He felt sure no one had seen him. Yet her eyes swept the building, searching every boarded-up window one by one, for any signs of life. When she finally turned away and followed the child up the driveway, he let out a long slow breath.
She hadn't altered, he noticed. Not even motherhood had ruined her near perfect figure. Marielle invoked all the old feelings he had thought gone forever.
Strangely, he had only just been contemplating what he should do with Willow Hall before his unexpected guests had attracted his attention. Should he sell or should he return? He'd been kept informed of Marielle's circumstances. He knew James had died. Now there were no more excuses as to why he should stay away.
His solicitor had urged him to sell the Hall, and he had come to see for himself what five years of neglect had done to the place. What he found had not been pleasant. If he left the house any longer it would certainly become beyond repair. A lot of money would have to be spent before it became habitable once more.
Seeing a ghost from his past had suddenly given him the answer he'd been searching for all morning. He didn't have to stay away any longer. Not now, he didn't hurt anymore. More than that, he felt intrigued.
Seeing Marielle again had made him damned curious.


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The expansion in the use of percutaneous coronary interventional (PCI) procedures is seeing patients with acute coronary syndromes treated more quickly, according to the latest UK National Audit of PCI (covering 2012).
Published on January 30, 2014, the key findings of the public report include: the number of PCIs performed in the UK has more than doubled over the last decade; primary PCI is now the preferred treatment for heart attack patients instead of traditional "clot-busting" drugs; in 2012, 86% of all patients were treated within 120 minutes of calling for professional help, and 90% treated within 90 minutes of arriving at the PCI centre – this compares very favourably with international data
The report further states that whilst overall access to PCI and primary PCI has improved, there remain large differences between the countries of the UK.
The report collected data on 92,445 PCI procedures from 97 NHS PCI centres and seven private hospitals between January and December 2012.
Peter Ludman, consultant cardiologist and clinical lead of the national audit says: "One of the key steps to maintaining and improving high quality treatment is measuring what you are doing. It is a great tribute to all PCI centres in the UK that they are dedicated to providing detailed information about the procedures they carry out, so that the information can be collated and analysed at a national level. These data provide considerable insight into the practice of PCI, showing not only how practice is evolving over the years, but also how different units compare with each other and how the UK compares with other countries."


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7 Reasons You Should Do Plyometrics Every Day
Remember those days back in gym class when you had to jump, run and sprint all over the place? Those moves your phys ed had you doing were called plyometrics, and they were forced on you for a very good reason: to get you in shape as fast as possible.
Plyometrics are any exercises that include explosive movements: moves like burpees, jump lunges, mountain climbers, and box jumps.
Here are seven reasons you should do plyos on a regular basis:
1. Burn more fat
Since plyometrics are by nature high intensity, they help you burn more fat than moderately-paced exercise will. Plus, the afterburn effect of plyometric-style training means you'll be boosting your metabolism for the next 24-48 hours after your HIIT-style workout, so you'll continue to burn calories long even after your workout is over.
2. Boost athletic performance
Whether you're a runner, like to rock climb on the weekends or enjoy getting friends together for a game of ultimate frisbeet, plyometrics training can help boost your performance in—and help you get you in shape for—whatever sports or activities you like to do because it's a great way to build explosive power. The benefits of plyo training directly translate to athletic performance, whether it's height, speed or strength.
3. Increase coordination
If you're prone to tripping and often have bruises from running into random things, plyometric training can really help. All that jumping and bounding around may feel awkward at first, but include it regularly in your workouts and the result will be increased coordination.
4. Get more done in less time
Rather than slugging away on an elliptical machine for an hour or more at a time, plyos and HIIT-style exercises can help you get fit in minutes if practiced regularly. Quicker, more effective workouts also give you much less of an excuse not to work out!
5. Build strength
Plyometrics training really focuses on increasing strength and efficiency of fast twitch muscle fibers. This means doing plyos regularly can result in both strength and speed gains, without ever touching a weight.
6. Get your heart rate up
There's nothing quite like plyometrics exercises to get your heart rate up in no time! Regularly boosting your heart rate with exercise helps maintain a healthy heart for life.
7. Build joint and bone health
Any type of resistance training can help build and maintain joint and bone health, and plyometrics are no exception. Include exercises like squat jumps, tuck jumps and plank jumps in your workouts and you'll help build lifelong healthy joints and bones.
Photo courtesy of the author


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Article in the Marietta Times in Marietta, Ohio about Amy Osborne's upcoming journey to Antarctica to study nudibranchs and sea spiders.
Amy Osborne on Rodeo Beach with a pipe cleaner sea spider announces her Antarctica depature date
I, Elizabeth Eubanks PolarTREC teacher 2008 – Arctic Tundra Dynamics created this lesson to introduce my students to utilizing technology to document and share what they know, want to know and have learned about polar studies and environments.
The objective of this lesson is for students to utilize recording devices (audio with or without video) and


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Glossary Of TermsGlossary
Have you ever been somewhere out with friends or at a dealership and had someone say something in a conversation that you didn't understand. What did he say? Fear not!!! That is what this page is all about.
Motorcycling is a great sport. Just as in almost everything else in life, it can sometimes have its own lingo. We have compiled some of the more common (and sometimes uncommon) terms that are used. We have tried to include as many terms as we can but if you notice one that we may have missed, feel free to leave us a comment down below and I will add it.
ABS– Antilock Brake System
Aftermarket– Anything you buy for your motorcycle that did not come from the Original Equipment Manufacturer
AMA– American Motorcycle Association.
Ape Hangers– Motorcycle handlebars that extend into the air with the handgrips at or above your shoulders
Apex– The middle or center point of a turn
Armor– Foam Padding located in strategic spots within riding gear. An example of this gear could be but is not limited to jackets or pants.
Baffle– Material used inside a muffler to deaden the sound
Bagger– Motorcycles that have touring accessories such as trunks or saddlebags
Big Slab– An Interstate Roadway
Binders– Brakes
Blip– To Quickly Rev and Than Release The Throttle
Boxer Twin– a horizontally mounted engine with the pistons opposing each other
Brain Bucket– Motorcycle helmet
Busa– Abbreviated for Hayabusa/ Suzuki GSX1300R
Cage– A car, truck, or van. The name stems from being all cooped up inside a closed shell, with no contact with the outside air.
Cager– A person driving a car, truck, or van. Cage operator, or driver.
California Stop– Phrase often used by motorcyclists meaning to stop, typically at an intersection, without putting a foot down.
Cam– Metal shaft with lobes that rotate to open the valves in a four-stroke motor
Carbon Fiber– A high-tech material favored in many motorcycle applications because it is extremely strong, light and expensive.
Carburetor– Mechanical device that mixes fuel and air to create a mixture that gets ignited in the engine
Carving– Refers to hard fast cornering on roads with many curves, stems from laying the bike down to a nearly horizontal position and "carving" a line through the road like a knife.
Catwalk– A wheelie
CC– Cubic centimeters. A 1000cc engine = 1000 cubic centimeters in volume.
Center of Gravity– The point in or near a body where the force of gravity appears to act. If a body is balanced at any point on the vertical line through its center of gravity, it will remain balanced. The center of an object's mass.
Centerstand– The mechanical stand attached to the frame that holds the motorcycle vertically upright (as opposed to leaned over on the side stand) when parked.
Chain Drive– A chain is transferring power to the rear wheel. As opposed to the two alternatives, shaft or belt drive, the chain is a lightweight solution and does not cause lag in throttle response or elevation effects.
Chaps– Chaps are a clothing accessory designed for protection and fashion. Usually made of leather and are fastened around the waist, with an open butt area/back. They snap at the ankles and zip down the legs.
Chase Vehicle– Van or truck that follows a pack of riders on a run to assist or haul any bikes that might break down
Chicken Strips– Since aggressive riders lean harder into their turns they wear the tread on the sidewall. Chicken Strips refer to the remaining treads on the sidewall. The more tread there is, the more "Chicken" the rider is
Chopper– Motorcycle with an extended front end
Counterbalancer– A weight in the engine that spins with the RPM's to smooth out engine vibrations
Counter-steering– The act of turning the handlebars away from the direction you want turn
Crash Bungs– Bumpers (usually plastic) that are used by stunt riders to avoid costly
Crotch Rocket– Sportbike
Cruiser– a style of bike usually equipped with a low seat and pull back handlebars.
Decreasing Radius Corner– A turn where the arc gets sharper as you progress through the curve.
Dirt Bike– Bikes intended for off-road use that is not legal to ride on public roads.
Displacement– Size of an engine/total volume found in the cylinders
DOHC– Dual Overhead Cam
Doughnut– Rider who performs a burnout and carefully moves the motorcycle to encompass a 360-degree circle thus leaving a circular mark of rubber on the road surface.
Do-Rag – Cloth coverings that are used to cover the rider's hair and forehead in an effort to keep sweat from dripping into the eyes and to avoid 'helmet hair.
Dresser– also known as full dresser is a large bike that is made specifically for long distance rides. It is usually equipped with a storage and a windshield. See also Bagger & Geiser Glider
Dual Sport– Type of bike that is street legal but also provides off-road capabilities
Endo– The art of stopping a motorcycle and having the rear wheel lift off the ground, a reverse of the catwalk.
Engine Cut-Off Switch– A switch that allows a rider to turn off the engine without removing his/her hand from the handlebar. Also referred to as a "Kill Switch"
Engine Guards – Metal tubes bolted to the motorcycle's frame that should protect the engine from damage in the event of an accident. They are not designed to offer the rider or passenger any protection in the event of an accident.
Ergonomics– Body Posture. A technique of combining the bodies posture and the positioning of the gauges/instruments to create a good fit for the rider.
Fairing– The bodywork and Windshield at the front of the motorcycle used to deflect wind
Feathering the brake– Gently applying the brake.
Feathering the clutch– See also Slip the Clutch and Friction Zone – Gently allowing the clutch to engage. This makes for a slow smooth start.
Footpegs– The resting place for the rider's feet on a motorcycle during riding.
Forks- The sprung metal tubs holding the front wheel to the rest of the motorcycle using the triple-tree.
Four Stroke Engine- The number of times a piston has to move up and down through each power cycle
Fuel Injection- A device that performs the same duty as a carburetor but uses computer-controlled jets to inject the fuel into the air stream going into the engine
Geiser Glider– Fully dressed touring bike
High Side- when a motorcycle crash is caused by the rear wheel starting to slide in a turn and then suddenly grips tossing the bike sideways
Hole Shot- A racing term for when a rider goes from a standing position to racing speed
Horsepower- a unit of measurement to describe an engine's strength
Kill Switch- Same as engine cut off switch
Low Side- when a motorcycle crash is caused by a wheel losing traction allowing the bike to fall sideways
Motocross Bike- a lightweight bike designed for racing on a track
Naked Bikes- a bike with minimal bodywork, fairings, or windshields
Petcock- a type of valve used typically used to turn your fuel on/off/reserve
Off-Road Bike- a bike designed to use off-road or in the dirt and are generally not street legal
Pillion/ P-Pad- a cushion designed for carrying a passenger mounted behind a solo seat
Rake- The angle that the forks are perpendicular. Measured in degrees
Rat Bike- a bike put together or kept running from mismatched parts
Red Line- the maximum number of revolutions per minute an engine can run before damage occurs
RPM- Revolutions per minute. How fast an engine is turning
Roost- 2 meanings: 1- To leave someone behind; 2- the debris kicked up/coming off a spinning rear wheel
Shaft Drive- A final drive system that utilizes a shaft to transmit power to the rear wheel used on some motorcycles
SOHC- Single Over Head Cam. A single camshaft found in the head or top of the engine that activates the valves.
Spoke- One of the small, straight metal rods that connect the wheel's rim to the hub.
Sport Tourer- A motorcycle that combines some of the handling and power of a sportbike, with some of the amenities of a touring bike, like saddlebags, comfortable ergonomics, etc.
Sportbike- A focused motorcycle designed for speed and handling. These machines are usually equipped with aerodynamic bodywork.
Sprocket- The parts of the motorcycle that deliver and receive the power to the rear wheel, creating the final drive. The front sprocket runs off the transmission shaft. The rear sprocket is bolted to the hub of the rear wheel. They are connected together by a chain.
Squid- A derogative term generally associated with a new or reckless motorcyclist seen riding erratically and/or beyond his or her capabilities. Also used to refer to those who ride (usually poorly) performance-oriented motorcycles with no protective gear
Standard- A motorcycle intended for general, all-around street use, typically with an upright seating posture and higher handlebars.
Stretch- Used by customizers, an expression of how much a tank or frame has been elongated from its stock design.
Supermoto- Generally, a style of motorcycle usually built around, and looking like, off-road machines with street tires.
Tachometer- A gauge that measures how fast an engine is spinning. The measurement is usually expressed in revolutions per minute.
Tank Slapper- What happens in rare cases when a motorcycle's handlebars slap back and forth at high speed, often due to alignment, road or trail conditions, or suspension issues.
Tar Snake– An uneven, slippery patch in a road crack
Target Fixation– When a rider's eyes focus on a point in the distance, line or debris on the road, causing them to inadvertently steer the bike toward that area rather than in the intended path.
T-CLOCK (see also T-CLOCS)– An older term used to help remember your Pre-Ride inspection – Tires, Controls, Lights (and electronics), Oils, Chassis (and chain) and Kickstand (make sure it's up). See our Pre-Ride Checklist Blog
T-CLOCS (see also T-CLOCK)– An updated term used to help remember your Pre-Ride inspection – Tires, Controls, Lights (and electronics), Oils, Chassis (and chain) and Stands* (make sure it's up). *Both the side and center stand. See Our Page On Pre-Ride Checklist
Thumper- A single-cylinder, four-stroke motorcycle engine.
Torque- A unit of measure describing the twisting force, or leverage, an engine can exert on the rear wheel.
Trail- The distance from the front axle's vertical position on the ground, to the spot in front of it created by drawing a straight line from the angle of the forks.
Triple Clamp- The two metal plates that connect the fork tubes to the steering stem, sometimes also used as a handlebar mount.
Triple Trees– The two pieces that attach the bike's front end to the frame, named after the three positions on each piece; one for each fork tube and a center for the steering stem. See also Triple Clamp
Two Stroke Engine- A once-common type of engine now found almost exclusively in off-road motorcycles. A two-stroke motor fires once with every two strokes of the piston. 1) Once fired, the downward stroke of the piston delivers power and then draws in a mixture of fuel, air, and oil which displaces the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber; 2) the upward stroke compresses the mixture for ignition.
V-Twin– A 2 cylinder motorcycle engine with the cylinders arranged in an angled V This configuration can allow for optimum torque for a given displacement. An engine designed in a "V" configuration.
Vapor Lock– Condition where fluid expansion into a vapor state prevents a system from working, traditionally the fuel delivery system.
Vespa– Italian scooter manufacturer.
Vintage-A motorcycle 20 years of age or older.
VROC– Vulcan Riders and Owners Club
Do you have any slang terms or terminology that we left out? Leave them in the comment section below


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This is the follow up to Zeekio's best selling yo-yo ever, the Prism. The Prism two keeps the great features of the original, like the revolutionary rainbow anodizing, the engraved sight line, and overall terrific performance. The Prism II. however, features a sharper "V" effect and slightly larger size favored by current champions and enthusiasts alike.
It's been almost ten years since the original Prism was introduced, this Prism II has everything we loved about the original prism with a modern update. Steel bearing system featuring superior quality brushed steel bearing balls.
Performance and beauty are what Zeekio is about, add in the incredible value Zeekio is known for, and you cannot find a better yo-yo. Ask anyone who owns a Zeekio and you will know why it one of the fastest growing yo-yo brands in the world.
Weight: 70 grams
Diameter: 56 mm
Width: 43 mm
String gap: 4.5 mm
Bearing: 8 ball sealed - Standard C
Response: Silicone pads


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Graduation Year
Document Type
Degree Name
MS in Computer Science (M.S.C.S.)
Degree Granting Department
Engineering Computer Science
Major Professor
Jay Ligatti, Ph.D.
Committee Member
Dmitry Goldgof, Ph.D.
Committee Member
Yao Liu, Ph.D.
Security, access control, authorization
This thesis presents a practical method of authentication utilizing multiple devices. The factors contributing to the practicality of the method are: the utilization of devices already commonly possessed by users and the amenability to being implemented on a wide variety of devices. The term "device" refers to anything able to perform cryptographic operations, store data, and communicate with another such device.
In the method presented herein, multiple devices need to be associated with a single user to provide this user an identity in the system. A public key infrastructure is used to provide this identity. Each of the devices associated with a user possesses a public and private key which allow cryptographic operations to be performed. These operations include signing and encrypting data and will prove the identity of each device. The addition of these identities helps authenticate a single user.
A wide variety of devices qualifies to be used by this authentication method. The minimum requirements are: the storage of data such as a private key, the ability to communicate, and a processor to perform the cryptographic operations. Smart devices possess these requirements and the manufacture of such devices can be realized at a reasonable cost.
This method is malleable and implemented in numerous authentication protocols. This thesis illustrates and explains several instances of these protocols.
The method's primary novelty is its resistance to theft-based attacks, which results from the utilization of multiple devices to authenticate users. A user associated with multiple devices needs to be in possession of these devices to correctly perform the authentication task. This thesis focuses on the system design of this novel authentication method.
Scholar Commons Citation
Subils, Jean-Baptiste, "Authentication Via Multiple Associated Devices" (2015). USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations.