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Year 2 Day 148-Upgrade
Thanks to the good folks at Joynk, we've upgraded to a newer version of MT, and comments are back for all to enjoy.
I hope all is well with the world. I am busy writing the Art I course from cover to cover, and currently I'm about 4 weeks in the year, and dealing with the art of the Roman Empire…
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Owen Wilson made his first public appearance since his suicide attempt, reports Dlisted. He attended the L.A. premiere of his new movie, The Darjeeling Limited, alongside costars Adrien Brody, Jason Schwartzman, and Natalie Portman (such a good cast). Although he opted against the red carpet, I am happy that he went and is getting better. On a lighter note, will you please take a look at Adrien's suit. I mean, I would marry the guy and all, but I'm not so sure about the shiny. What do you think?
It's a slow, slow day in the gossip world, other than the continuous Britney drama that I am trying to steer clear of, but this is kinda funny: Paris Hilton hired Mr. T for her sister Nicky's birthday party, says TMZ. So random; maybe Nicky has always loved him or something. Who would you want at your party?
I know you are probably all dreaming of Zac Efron and not George Clooney, and that might actually be the way to go. The old-but-still-hot actor has made a $100,000 bet with Michelle Pfeiffer that he will never get married again, says PopCrunch. Wow, that is a lot of money to bet, even for a celeb, I think. He must be quite sure; kinda makes me feel sorry for the lady he is dating. Right?
More From Seventeen
Well, I hope you all have a lovely weekend, and if you missed any of this week's earlier entries, check them out below.
Jessica Simpson is too good to pay
Jennifer Aniston and Orlando Bloom

subset: commoncrawl


text: .\" $NetBSD: termios.4,v 1.5 1994/11/30 16:22:36 jtc Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)termios.4 8.4 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 .\" .Dd April 19, 1994 .Dt TERMIOS 4 .Os BSD 4 .Sh NAME .Nm termios .Nd general terminal line discipline .Sh SYNOPSIS .Fd #include <termios.h> .Sh DESCRIPTION This describes a general terminal line discipline that is supported on tty asynchronous communication ports. .Ss Opening a Terminal Device File When a terminal file is opened, it normally causes the process to wait until a connection is established. For most hardware, the presence of a connection is indicated by the assertion of the hardware .Dv CARRIER line. If the termios structure associated with the terminal file has the .Dv CLOCAL flag set in the cflag, or if the .Dv O_NONBLOCK flag is set in the .Xr open 2 call, then the open will succeed even without a connection being present. In practice, applications seldom open these files; they are opened by special programs, such as .Xr getty 2 or .Xr rlogind 2 , and become an application's standard input, output, and error files. .Ss Job Control in a Nutshell Every process is associated with a particular process group and session. The grouping is hierarchical: every member of a particular process group is a member of the same session. This structuring is used in managing groups of related processes for purposes of .\" .Gw "job control" ; .Em "job control" ; that is, the ability from the keyboard (or from program control) to simultaneously stop or restart a complex command (a command composed of one or more related processes). The grouping into process groups allows delivering of signals that stop or start the group as a whole, along with arbitrating which process group has access to the single controlling terminal. The grouping at a higher layer into sessions is to restrict the job control related signals and system calls to within processes resulting from a particular instance of a "login". Typically, a session is created when a user logs in, and the login terminal is setup to be the controlling terminal; all processes spawned from that login shell are in the same session, and inherit the controlling terminal. A job control shell operating interactively (that is, reading commands from a terminal) normally groups related processes together by placing them into the same process group. A set of processes in the same process group is collectively referred to as a "job". When the foreground process group of the terminal is the same as the process group of a particular job, that job is said to be in the "foreground". When the process group of the terminal is different than the process group of a job (but is still the controlling terminal), that job is said to be in the "background". Normally the shell reads a command and starts the job that implements that command. If the command is to be started in the foreground (typical), it sets the process group of the terminal to the process group of the started job, waits for the job to complete, and then sets the process group of the terminal back to its own process group (it puts itself into the foreground). If the job is to be started in the background (as denoted by the shell operator "&"), it never changes the process group of the terminal and doesn't wait for the job to complete (that is, it immediately attempts to read the next command). If the job is started in the foreground, the user may type a key (usually .Ql \&^Z ) which generates the terminal stop signal .Pq Dv SIGTSTP and has the affect of stopping the entire job. The shell will notice that the job stopped, and will resume running after placing itself in the foreground. The shell also has commands for placing stopped jobs in the background, and for placing stopped or background jobs into the foreground. .Ss Orphaned Process Groups An orphaned process group is a process group that has no process whose parent is in a different process group, yet is in the same session. Conceptually it means a process group that doesn't have a parent that could do anything if it were to be stopped. For example, the initial login shell is typically in an orphaned process group. Orphaned process groups are immune to keyboard generated stop signals and job control signals resulting from reads or writes to the controlling terminal. .Ss The Controlling Terminal A terminal may belong to a process as its controlling terminal. Each process of a session that has a controlling terminal has the same controlling terminal. A terminal may be the controlling terminal for at most one session. The controlling terminal for a session is allocated by the session leader by issuing the .Dv TIOCSCTTY ioctl. A controlling terminal is never acquired by merely opening a terminal device file. When a controlling terminal becomes associated with a session, its foreground process group is set to the process group of the session leader. .Pp The controlling terminal is inherited by a child process during a .Xr fork 2 function call. A process relinquishes its controlling terminal when it creates a new session with the .Xr setsid 2 function; other processes remaining in the old session that had this terminal as their controlling terminal continue to have it. A process does not relinquish its controlling terminal simply by closing all of its file descriptors associated with the controlling terminal if other processes continue to have it open. .Pp When a controlling process terminates, the controlling terminal is disassociated from the current session, allowing it to be acquired by a new session leader. Subsequent access to the terminal by other processes in the earlier session will be denied, with attempts to access the terminal treated as if modem disconnect had been sensed. .Ss Terminal Access Control If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling terminal, read operations are allowed. Any attempts by a process in a background process group to read from its controlling terminal causes a .Dv SIGTTIN signal to be sent to the process's group unless one of the following special cases apply: If the reading process is ignoring or blocking the .Dv SIGTTIN signal, or if the process group of the reading process is orphaned, the .Xr read 2 returns -1 with .Va errno set to .Er EIO and no signal is sent. The default action of the .Dv SIGTTIN signal is to stop the process to which it is sent. .Pp If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling terminal, write operations are allowed. Attempts by a process in a background process group to write to its controlling terminal will cause the process group to be sent a .Dv SIGTTOU signal unless one of the following special cases apply: If .Dv TOSTOP is not set, or if .Dv TOSTOP is set and the process is ignoring or blocking the .Dv SIGTTOU signal, the process is allowed to write to the terminal and the .Dv SIGTTOU signal is not sent. If .Dv TOSTOP is set, and the process group of the writing process is orphaned, and the writing process is not ignoring or blocking .Dv SIGTTOU , the .Xr write returns -1 with errno set to .Er EIO and no signal is sent. .Pp Certain calls that set terminal parameters are treated in the same fashion as write, except that .Dv TOSTOP is ignored; that is, the effect is identical to that of terminal writes when .Dv TOSTOP is set. .Ss Input Processing and Reading Data A terminal device associated with a terminal device file may operate in full-duplex mode, so that data may arrive even while output is occurring. Each terminal device file has associated with it an input queue, into which incoming data is stored by the system before being read by a process. The system imposes a limit, .Pf \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} , on the number of bytes that may be stored in the input queue. The behavior of the system when this limit is exceeded depends on the setting of the .Dv IMAXBEL flag in the termios .Fa c_iflag . If this flag is set, the terminal is sent an .Tn ASCII .Dv BEL character each time a character is received while the input queue is full. Otherwise, the input queue is flushed upon receiving the character. .Pp Two general kinds of input processing are available, determined by whether the terminal device file is in canonical mode or noncanonical mode. Additionally, input characters are processed according to the .Fa c_iflag and .Fa c_lflag fields. Such processing can include echoing, which in general means transmitting input characters immediately back to the terminal when they are received from the terminal. This is useful for terminals that can operate in full-duplex mode. .Pp The manner in which data is provided to a process reading from a terminal device file is dependent on whether the terminal device file is in canonical or noncanonical mode. .Pp Another dependency is whether the .Dv O_NONBLOCK flag is set by .Xr open() or .Xr fcntl() . If the .Dv O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, then the read request is blocked until data is available or a signal has been received. If the .Dv O_NONBLOCK flag is set, then the read request is completed, without blocking, in one of three ways: .Bl -enum -offset indent .It If there is enough data available to satisfy the entire request, and the read completes successfully the number of bytes read is returned. .It If there is not enough data available to satisfy the entire request, and the read completes successfully, having read as much data as possible, the number of bytes read is returned. .It If there is no data available, the read returns -1, with errno set to .Er EAGAIN . .El .Pp When data is available depends on whether the input processing mode is canonical or noncanonical. .Ss Canonical Mode Input Processing In canonical mode input processing, terminal input is processed in units of lines. A line is delimited by a newline .Ql \&\en character, an end-of-file .Pq Dv EOF character, or an end-of-line .Pq Dv EOL character. See the .Sx "Special Characters" section for more information on .Dv EOF and .Dv EOL . This means that a read request will not return until an entire line has been typed, or a signal has been received. Also, no matter how many bytes are requested in the read call, at most one line is returned. It is not, however, necessary to read a whole line at once; any number of bytes, even one, may be requested in a read without losing information. .Pp .Pf \&{ Dv MAX_CANON Ns \&} is a limit on the number of bytes in a line. The behavior of the system when this limit is exceeded is the same as when the input queue limit .Pf \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} , is exceeded. .Pp Erase and kill processing occur when either of two special characters, the .Dv ERASE and .Dv KILL characters (see the .Sx "Special Characters section" ) , is received. This processing affects data in the input queue that has not yet been delimited by a newline .Dv NL, .Dv EOF , or .Dv EOL character. This un-delimited data makes up the current line. The .Dv ERASE character deletes the last character in the current line, if there is any. The .Dv KILL character deletes all data in the current line, if there is any. The .Dv ERASE and .Dv KILL characters have no effect if there is no data in the current line. The .Dv ERASE and .Dv KILL characters themselves are not placed in the input queue. .Ss Noncanonical Mode Input Processing In noncanonical mode input processing, input bytes are not assembled into lines, and erase and kill processing does not occur. The values of the .Dv MIN and .Dv TIME members of the .Fa c_cc array are used to determine how to process the bytes received. .Pp .Dv MIN represents the minimum number of bytes that should be received when the .Xr read function successfully returns. .Dv TIME is a timer of 0.1 second granularity that is used to time out bursty and short term data transmissions. If .Dv MIN is greater than .Dv \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} , the response to the request is undefined. The four possible values for .Dv MIN and .Dv TIME and their interactions are described below. .Ss "Case A: MIN > 0, TIME > 0" In this case .Dv TIME serves as an inter-byte timer and is activated after the first byte is received. Since it is an inter-byte timer, it is reset after a byte is received. The interaction between .Dv MIN and .Dv TIME is as follows: as soon as one byte is received, the inter-byte timer is started. If .Dv MIN bytes are received before the inter-byte timer expires (remember that the timer is reset upon receipt of each byte), the read is satisfied. If the timer expires before .Dv MIN bytes are received, the characters received to that point are returned to the user. Note that if .Dv TIME expires at least one byte is returned because the timer would not have been enabled unless a byte was received. In this case .Pf \&( Dv MIN > 0, .Dv TIME > 0) the read blocks until the .Dv MIN and .Dv TIME mechanisms are activated by the receipt of the first byte, or a signal is received. If data is in the buffer at the time of the read(), the result is as if data had been received immediately after the read(). .Ss "Case B: MIN > 0, TIME = 0" In this case, since the value of .Dv TIME is zero, the timer plays no role and only .Dv MIN is significant. A pending read is not satisfied until .Dv MIN bytes are received (i.e., the pending read blocks until .Dv MIN bytes are received), or a signal is received. A program that uses this case to read record-based terminal .Dv I/O may block indefinitely in the read operation. .Ss "Case C: MIN = 0, TIME > 0" In this case, since .Dv MIN = 0, .Dv TIME no longer represents an inter-byte timer. It now serves as a read timer that is activated as soon as the read function is processed. A read is satisfied as soon as a single byte is received or the read timer expires. Note that in this case if the timer expires, no bytes are returned. If the timer does not expire, the only way the read can be satisfied is if a byte is received. In this case the read will not block indefinitely waiting for a byte; if no byte is received within .Dv TIME Ns *0.1 seconds after the read is initiated, the read returns a value of zero, having read no data. If data is in the buffer at the time of the read, the timer is started as if data had been received immediately after the read. .Ss Case D: MIN = 0, TIME = 0 The minimum of either the number of bytes requested or the number of bytes currently available is returned without waiting for more bytes to be input. If no characters are available, read returns a value of zero, having read no data. .Ss Writing Data and Output Processing When a process writes one or more bytes to a terminal device file, they are processed according to the .Fa c_oflag field (see the .Sx "Output Modes section). The implementation may provide a buffering mechanism; as such, when a call to write() completes, all of the bytes written have been scheduled for transmission to the device, but the transmission will not necessarily have been completed. .\" See also .Sx "6.4.2" for the effects of .\" .Dv O_NONBLOCK .\" on write. .Ss Special Characters Certain characters have special functions on input or output or both. These functions are summarized as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Dv INTR Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ISIG flag (see the .Sx "Local Modes" section) is enabled. Generates a .Dv SIGINT signal which is sent to all processes in the foreground process group for which the terminal is the controlling terminal. If .Dv ISIG is set, the .Dv INTR character is discarded when processed. .It Dv QUIT Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ISIG flag is enabled. Generates a .Dv SIGQUIT signal which is sent to all processes in the foreground process group for which the terminal is the controlling terminal. If .Dv ISIG is set, the .Dv QUIT character is discarded when processed. .It Dv ERASE Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Erases the last character in the current line; see .Sx "Canonical Mode Input Processing" . It does not erase beyond the start of a line, as delimited by an .Dv NL , .Dv EOF , or .Dv EOL character. If .Dv ICANON is set, the .Dv ERASE character is discarded when processed. .It Dv KILL Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Deletes the entire line, as delimited by a .Dv NL , .Dv EOF , or .Dv EOL character. If .Dv ICANON is set, the .Dv KILL character is discarded when processed. .It Dv EOF Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. When received, all the bytes waiting to be read are immediately passed to the process, without waiting for a newline, and the .Dv EOF is discarded. Thus, if there are no bytes waiting (that is, the .Dv EOF occurred at the beginning of a line), a byte count of zero is returned from the read(), representing an end-of-file indication. If .Dv ICANON is set, the .Dv EOF character is discarded when processed. .Dv NL Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. It is the line delimiter .Ql \&\en . .It Dv EOL Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Is an additional line delimiter, like .Dv NL . .It Dv SUSP If the .Dv ISIG flag is enabled, receipt of the .Dv SUSP character causes a .Dv SIGTSTP signal to be sent to all processes in the foreground process group for which the terminal is the controlling terminal, and the .Dv SUSP character is discarded when processed. .It Dv STOP Special character on both input and output and is recognized if the .Dv IXON (output control) or .Dv IXOFF (input control) flag is set. Can be used to temporarily suspend output. It is useful with fast terminals to prevent output from disappearing before it can be read. If .Dv IXON is set, the .Dv STOP character is discarded when processed. .It Dv START Special character on both input and output and is recognized if the .Dv IXON (output control) or .Dv IXOFF (input control) flag is set. Can be used to resume output that has been suspended by a .Dv STOP character. If .Dv IXON is set, the .Dv START character is discarded when processed. .Dv CR Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set; it is the .Ql \&\er , as denoted in the .Tn \&C Standard {2}. When .Dv ICANON and .Dv ICRNL are set and .Dv IGNCR is not set, this character is translated into a .Dv NL , and has the same effect as a .Dv NL character. .El .Pp The following special characters are extensions defined by this system and are not a part of 1003.1 termios. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Dv EOL2 Secondary .Dv EOL character. Same function as .Dv EOL. .It Dv WERASE Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Erases the last word in the current line according to one of two algorithms. If the .Dv ALTWERASE flag is not set, first any preceding whitespace is erased, and then the maximal sequence of non-whitespace characters. If .Dv ALTWERASE is set, first any preceding whitespace is erased, and then the maximal sequence of alphabetic/underscores or non alphabetic/underscores. As a special case in this second algorithm, the first previous non-whitespace character is skipped in determining whether the preceding word is a sequence of alphabetic/undercores. This sounds confusing but turns out to be quite practical. .It Dv REPRINT Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Causes the current input edit line to be retyped. .It Dv DSUSP Has similar actions to the .Dv SUSP character, except that the .Dv SIGTSTP signal is delivered when one of the processes in the foreground process group issues a read() to the controlling terminal. .It Dv LNEXT Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv IEXTEN flag is set. Receipt of this character causes the next character to be taken literally. .It Dv DISCARD Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv IEXTEN flag is set. Receipt of this character toggles the flushing of terminal output. .It Dv STATUS Special character on input and is recognized if the .Dv ICANON flag is set. Receipt of this character causes a .Dv SIGINFO signal to be sent to the foreground process group of the terminal. Also, if the .Dv NOKERNINFO flag is not set, it causes the kernel to write a status message to the terminal that displays the current load average, the name of the command in the foreground, its process ID, the symbolic wait channel, the number of user and system seconds used, the percentage of cpu the process is getting, and the resident set size of the process. .El .Pp The .Dv NL and .Dv CR characters cannot be changed. The values for all the remaining characters can be set and are described later in the document under Special Control Characters. .Pp Special character functions associated with changeable special control characters can be disabled individually by setting their value to .Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE}; see .Sx "Special Control Characters" . .Pp If two or more special characters have the same value, the function performed when that character is received is undefined. .Ss Modem Disconnect If a modem disconnect is detected by the terminal interface for a controlling terminal, and if .Dv CLOCAL is not set in the .Fa c_cflag field for the terminal, the .Dv SIGHUP signal is sent to the controlling process associated with the terminal. Unless other arrangements have been made, this causes the controlling process to terminate. Any subsequent call to the read() function returns the value zero, indicating end of file. Thus, processes that read a terminal file and test for end-of-file can terminate appropriately after a disconnect. .\" If the .\" .Er EIO .\" condition specified in 126.96.36.199 that applies .\" when the implementation supports job control also exists, it is .\" unspecified whether the .\" .Dv EOF .\" condition or the .\" .Pf [ Dv EIO .\" ] is returned. Any subsequent write() to the terminal device returns -1, with .Va errno set to .Er EIO , until the device is closed. .Sh General Terminal Interface .Pp .Ss Closing a Terminal Device File The last process to close a terminal device file causes any output to be sent to the device and any input to be discarded. Then, if .Dv HUPCL is set in the control modes, and the communications port supports a disconnect function, the terminal device performs a disconnect. .Ss Parameters That Can Be Set Routines that need to control certain terminal .Tn I/O characteristics do so by using the termios structure as defined in the header .Aq Pa termios.h . This structure contains minimally four scalar elements of bit flags and one array of special characters. The scalar flag elements are named: .Fa c_iflag , .Fa c_oflag , .Fa c_cflag , and .Fa c_lflag . The character array is named .Fa c_cc , and its maximum index is .Dv NCCS . .Ss Input Modes Values of the .Fa c_iflag field describe the basic terminal input control, and are composed of following masks: .Pp .Bl -tag -width IMAXBEL -offset indent -compact .It Dv IGNBRK /* ignore BREAK condition */ .It Dv BRKINT /* map BREAK to SIGINTR */ .It Dv IGNPAR /* ignore (discard) parity errors */ .It Dv PARMRK /* mark parity and framing errors */ .It Dv INPCK /* enable checking of parity errors */ .It Dv ISTRIP /* strip 8th bit off chars */ .It Dv INLCR /* map NL into CR */ .It Dv IGNCR /* ignore CR */ .It Dv ICRNL /* map CR to NL (ala CRMOD) */ .It Dv IXON /* enable output flow control */ .It Dv IXOFF /* enable input flow control */ .It Dv IXANY /* any char will restart after stop */ .It Dv IMAXBEL /* ring bell on input queue full */ .It Dv IUCLC /* translate upper case to lower case */ .El .Pp In the context of asynchronous serial data transmission, a break condition is defined as a sequence of zero-valued bits that continues for more than the time to send one byte. The entire sequence of zero-valued bits is interpreted as a single break condition, even if it continues for a time equivalent to more than one byte. In contexts other than asynchronous serial data transmission the definition of a break condition is implementation defined. .Pp If .Dv IGNBRK is set, a break condition detected on input is ignored, that is, not put on the input queue and therefore not read by any process. If .Dv IGNBRK is not set and .Dv BRKINT is set, the break condition flushes the input and output queues and if the terminal is the controlling terminal of a foreground process group, the break condition generates a single .Dv SIGINT signal to that foreground process group. If neither .Dv IGNBRK nor .Dv BRKINT is set, a break condition is read as a single .Ql \&\e0 , or if .Dv PARMRK is set, as .Ql \&\e377 , .Ql \&\e0 , .Ql \&\e0 . .Pp If .Dv IGNPAR is set, a byte with a framing or parity error (other than break) is ignored. .Pp If .Dv PARMRK is set, and .Dv IGNPAR is not set, a byte with a framing or parity error (other than break) is given to the application as the three-character sequence .Ql \&\e377 , .Ql \&\e0 , X, where .Ql \&\e377 , .Ql \&\e0 is a two-character flag preceding each sequence and X is the data of the character received in error. To avoid ambiguity in this case, if .Dv ISTRIP is not set, a valid character of .Ql \&\e377 is given to the application as .Ql \&\e377 , .Ql \&\e377 . If neither .Dv PARMRK nor .Dv IGNPAR is set, a framing or parity error (other than break) is given to the application as a single character .Ql \&\e0 . .Pp If .Dv INPCK is set, input parity checking is enabled. If .Dv INPCK is not set, input parity checking is disabled, allowing output parity generation without input parity errors. Note that whether input parity checking is enabled or disabled is independent of whether parity detection is enabled or disabled (see .Sx "Control Modes" ) . If parity detection is enabled but input parity checking is disabled, the hardware to which the terminal is connected recognizes the parity bit, but the terminal special file does not check whether this bit is set correctly or not. .Pp If .Dv ISTRIP is set, valid input bytes are first stripped to seven bits, otherwise all eight bits are processed. .Pp If .Dv INLCR is set, a received .Dv NL character is translated into a .Dv CR character. If .Dv IGNCR is set, a received .Dv CR character is ignored (not read). If .Dv IGNCR is not set and .Dv ICRNL is set, a received .Dv CR character is translated into a .Dv NL character. .Pp If .Dv IXON is set, start/stop output control is enabled. A received .Dv STOP character suspends output and a received .Dv START character restarts output. If .Dv IXANY is also set, then any character may restart output. When .Dv IXON is set, .Dv START and .Dv STOP characters are not read, but merely perform flow control functions. When .Dv IXON is not set, the .Dv START and .Dv STOP characters are read. .Pp If .Dv IXOFF is set, start/stop input control is enabled. The system shall transmit one or more .Dv STOP characters, which are intended to cause the terminal device to stop transmitting data, as needed to prevent the input queue from overflowing and causing the undefined behavior described in .Sx "Input Processing and Reading Data" , and shall transmit one or more .Dv START characters, which are intended to cause the terminal device to resume transmitting data, as soon as the device can continue transmitting data without risk of overflowing the input queue. The precise conditions under which .Dv STOP and START characters are transmitted are implementation defined. .Pp If .Dv IMAXBEL is set and the input queue is full, subsequent input shall cause an .Tn ASCII .Dv BEL character to be transmitted to the output queue. .Pp If .Dv IUCLC is set, characters will be translated from upper to lower case on input. .Pp The initial input control value after open() is implementation defined. .Ss Output Modes Values of the .Fa c_oflag field describe the basic terminal output control, and are composed of the following masks: .Pp .Bl -tag -width OXTABS -offset indent -compact .It Dv OPOST /* enable following output processing */ .It Dv ONLCR /* map NL to CR-NL (ala .Dv CRMOD) */ .It Dv OXTABS /* expand tabs to spaces */ .It Dv ONOEOT /* discard .Dv EOT Ns 's .Ql \&^D on output) */ .It Dv OCRNL /* map CR to NL */ .It Dv OLCUC /* translate lower case to upper case */ .It Dv ONOCR /* No CR output at column 0 */ .It Dv ONLRET /* NL performs CR function */ .El .Pp If .Dv OPOST is set, the remaining flag masks are interpreted as follows; otherwise characters are transmitted without change. .Pp If .Dv ONLCR is set, newlines are translated to carriage return, linefeeds. .Pp If .Dv OXTABS is set, tabs are expanded to the appropriate number of spaces (assuming 8 column tab stops). .Pp If .Dv ONOEOT is set, .Tn ASCII .Dv EOT NS 's are discarded on output. .Pp If .Dv OCRNL is set, carriage returns are translated to newlines. .Pp If .Dv OLCUC is set, lower case is translated to upper case on output. .Pp If .Dv ONOCR is set, no CR character is output when at column 0. .Pp If .Dv ONLRET is set, NL also performs CR on output, and reset current column to 0. .Ss Control Modes Values of the .Fa c_cflag field describe the basic terminal hardware control, and are composed of the following masks. Not all values specified are supported by all hardware. .Pp .Bl -tag -width CRTSXIFLOW -offset indent -compact .It Dv CSIZE /* character size mask */ .It Dv CS5 /* 5 bits (pseudo) */ .It Dv CS6 /* 6 bits */ .It Dv CS7 /* 7 bits */ .It Dv CS8 /* 8 bits */ .It Dv CSTOPB /* send 2 stop bits */ .It Dv CREAD /* enable receiver */ .It Dv PARENB /* parity enable */ .It Dv PARODD /* odd parity, else even */ .It Dv HUPCL /* hang up on last close */ .It Dv CLOCAL /* ignore modem status lines */ .It Dv CCTS_OFLOW /* .Dv CTS flow control of output */ .It Dv CRTSCTS /* same as .Dv CCTS_OFLOW */ .It Dv CRTS_IFLOW /* RTS flow control of input */ .It Dv MDMBUF /* flow control output via Carrier */ .El .Pp The .Dv CSIZE bits specify the byte size in bits for both transmission and reception. The .Fa c_cflag is masked with .Dv CSIZE and compared with the values .Dv CS5 , .Dv CS6 , .Dv CS7 , or .Dv CS8 . This size does not include the parity bit, if any. If .Dv CSTOPB is set, two stop bits are used, otherwise one stop bit. For example, at 110 baud, two stop bits are normally used. .Pp If .Dv CREAD is set, the receiver is enabled. Otherwise, no character is received. Not all hardware supports this bit. In fact, this flag is pretty silly and if it were not part of the .Nm termios specification it would be omitted. .Pp If .Dv PARENB is set, parity generation and detection are enabled and a parity bit is added to each character. If parity is enabled, .Dv PARODD specifies odd parity if set, otherwise even parity is used. .Pp If .Dv HUPCL is set, the modem control lines for the port are lowered when the last process with the port open closes the port or the process terminates. The modem connection is broken. .Pp If .Dv CLOCAL is set, a connection does not depend on the state of the modem status lines. If .Dv CLOCAL is clear, the modem status lines are monitored. .Pp Under normal circumstances, a call to the open() function waits for the modem connection to complete. However, if the .Dv O_NONBLOCK flag is set or if .Dv CLOCAL has been set, the open() function returns immediately without waiting for the connection. .Pp The .Dv CCTS_OFLOW .Pf ( Dv CRTSCTS ) flag is currently unused. .Pp If .Dv MDMBUF is set then output flow control is controlled by the state of Carrier Detect. .Pp If the object for which the control modes are set is not an asynchronous serial connection, some of the modes may be ignored; for example, if an attempt is made to set the baud rate on a network connection to a terminal on another host, the baud rate may or may not be set on the connection between that terminal and the machine it is directly connected to. .Ss Local Modes Values of the .Fa c_lflag field describe the control of various functions, and are composed of the following masks. .Pp .Bl -tag -width NOKERNINFO -offset indent -compact .It Dv ECHOKE /* visual erase for line kill */ .It Dv ECHOE /* visually erase chars */ .It Dv ECHO /* enable echoing */ .It Dv ECHONL /* echo .Dv NL even if .Dv ECHO is off */ .It Dv ECHOPRT /* visual erase mode for hardcopy */ .It Dv ECHOCTL /* echo control chars as ^(Char) */ .It Dv ISIG /* enable signals .Dv INTR , .Dv QUIT , .Dv [D]SUSP */ .It Dv ICANON /* canonicalize input lines */ .It Dv ALTWERASE /* use alternate .Dv WERASE algorithm */ .It Dv IEXTEN /* enable .Dv DISCARD and .Dv LNEXT */ .It Dv EXTPROC /* external processing */ .It Dv TOSTOP /* stop background jobs from output */ .It Dv FLUSHO /* output being flushed (state) */ .It Dv NOKERNINFO /* no kernel output from .Dv VSTATUS */ .It Dv PENDIN /* XXX retype pending input (state) */ .It Dv NOFLSH /* don't flush after interrupt */ .El .Pp If .Dv ECHO is set, input characters are echoed back to the terminal. If .Dv ECHO is not set, input characters are not echoed. .Pp If .Dv ECHOE and .Dv ICANON are set, the .Dv ERASE character causes the terminal to erase the last character in the current line from the display, if possible. If there is no character to erase, an implementation may echo an indication that this was the case or do nothing. .Pp If .Dv ECHOK and .Dv ICANON are set, the .Dv KILL character causes the current line to be discarded and the system echoes the .Ql \&\en character after the .Dv KILL character. .Pp If .Dv ECHOKE and .Dv ICANON are set, the .Dv KILL character causes the current line to be discarded and the system causes the terminal to erase the line from the display. .Pp If .Dv ECHOPRT and .Dv ICANON are set, the system assumes that the display is a printing device and prints a backslash and the erased characters when processing .Dv ERASE characters, followed by a forward slash. .Pp If .Dv ECHOCTL is set, the system echoes control characters in a visible fashion using a caret followed by the control character. .Pp If .Dv ALTWERASE is set, the system uses an alternative algorithm for determining what constitutes a word when processing .Dv WERASE characters (see .Dv WERASE ) . .Pp If .Dv ECHONL and .Dv ICANON are set, the .Ql \&\en character echoes even if .Dv ECHO is not set. .Pp If .Dv ICANON is set, canonical processing is enabled. This enables the erase and kill edit functions, and the assembly of input characters into lines delimited by .Dv NL, .Dv EOF , and .Dv EOL, as described in .Sx "Canonical Mode Input Processing" . .Pp If .Dv ICANON is not set, read requests are satisfied directly from the input queue. A read is not satisfied until at least .Dv MIN bytes have been received or the timeout value .Dv TIME expired between bytes. The time value represents tenths of seconds. See .Sx "Noncanonical Mode Input Processing" for more details. .Pp If .Dv ISIG is set, each input character is checked against the special control characters .Dv INTR , .Dv QUIT , and .Dv SUSP (job control only). If an input character matches one of these control characters, the function associated with that character is performed. If .Dv ISIG is not set, no checking is done. Thus these special input functions are possible only if .Dv ISIG is set. .Pp If .Dv IEXTEN is set, implementation-defined functions are recognized from the input data. How .Dv IEXTEN being set interacts with .Dv ICANON , .Dv ISIG , .Dv IXON , or .Dv IXOFF is implementation defined. If .Dv IEXTEN is not set, then implementation-defined functions are not recognized, and the corresponding input characters are not processed as described for .Dv ICANON , .Dv ISIG , .Dv IXON , and .Dv IXOFF . .Pp If .Dv NOFLSH is set, the normal flush of the input and output queues associated with the .Dv INTR , .Dv QUIT , and .Dv SUSP characters are not be done. .Pp If .Dv ICANON is set, an upper case character is preserved on input if prefixed by a \\ character. In addition, this prefix is added to upper case characters on output. .Pp In addition, the following special character translations are in effect: .Pp .Bl -column "for:" "use:" -offset indent -compact .It Em "for: use:" .It Dv ` Ta \&\e' .It Dv | Ta \&\e! .It Dv ~ Ta \&\e^ .It Dv { Ta \&\e( .It Dv } Ta \&\e) .It Dv \&\e Ta \&\e\e .El .Pp If .Dv TOSTOP is set, the signal .Dv SIGTTOU is sent to the process group of a process that tries to write to its controlling terminal if it is not in the foreground process group for that terminal. This signal, by default, stops the members of the process group. Otherwise, the output generated by that process is output to the current output stream. Processes that are blocking or ignoring .Dv SIGTTOU signals are excepted and allowed to produce output and the .Dv SIGTTOU signal is not sent. .Pp If .Dv NOKERNINFO is set, the kernel does not produce a status message when processing .Dv STATUS characters (see .Dv STATUS ) . .Ss Special Control Characters The special control characters values are defined by the array .Fa c_cc . This table lists the array index, the corresponding special character, and the system default value. For an accurate list of the system defaults, consult the header file .Aq Pa ttydefaults.h . .Pp .Bl -column "Index Name" "Special Character" -offset indent -compact .It Em "Index Name Special Character Default Value" .It Dv VEOF Ta EOF Ta \&^D .It Dv VEOL Ta EOL Ta _POSIX_VDISABLE .It Dv VEOL2 Ta EOL2 Ta _POSIX_VDISABLE .It Dv VERASE Ta ERASE Ta \&^? Ql \&\e177 .It Dv VWERASE Ta WERASE Ta \&^W .It Dv VKILL Ta KILL Ta \&^U .It Dv VREPRINT Ta REPRINT Ta \&^R .It Dv VINTR Ta INTR Ta \&^C .It Dv VQUIT Ta QUIT Ta \&^\e\e Ql \&\e34 .It Dv VSUSP Ta SUSP Ta \&^Z .It Dv VDSUSP Ta DSUSP Ta \&^Y .It Dv VSTART Ta START Ta \&^Q .It Dv VSTOP Ta STOP Ta \&^S .It Dv VLNEXT Ta LNEXT Ta \&^V .It Dv VDISCARD Ta DISCARD Ta \&^O .It Dv VMIN Ta --- Ta \&1 .It Dv VTIME Ta --- Ta \&0 .It Dv VSTATUS Ta STATUS Ta \&^T .El .Pp If the value of one of the changeable special control characters (see .Sx "Special Characters" ) is .Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE} , that function is disabled; that is, no input data is recognized as the disabled special character. If .Dv ICANON is not set, the value of .Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE} has no special meaning for the .Dv VMIN and .Dv VTIME entries of the .Fa c_cc array. .Pp The initial values of the flags and control characters after open() is set according to the values in the header .Aq Pa sys/ttydefaults.h . .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr tcgetattr 3 , .Xr tcsetattr 3


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On Friday, the official State commemoration of the centenary of the death of Thomas Ashe takes place in Glasnevin cemetery.
Ashe, the Easter Rising leader who had his execution commuted by the British government in 1916, died while on hunger strike on September 25th, 1917. He was the first Irish republican prisoner to die on hunger strike, but would not be the last. Today, minister of state Kevin "Boxer" Moran will open a new exhibition in Kilmainham Gaol, charting the history of the hunger strike in Irish political culture.
His funeral was a huge event and his political martyrdom marked a significant turning point in the radicalisation of Irish nationalist opinion in the period between the Rising and the 1918 general election. Three years later, the death of lord mayor of Cork Terence McSwiney would send ripples around the world.
During the second World War, interned IRA members would die on hunger strike, and the tactic was used again during the 1970s, culminating in the deaths of 10 men in Long Kesh prison in 1981.
MacSwiney endured 74 days without eating. In 1981, some prisoners in Long Kesh lasted for over 70 days. Symptoms of starvation included severe weight loss, hallucinations, delusions, impaired vision, limited ability to speak, headaches, stomach pains, exhaustion and scurvy.
Ashe, however, did not die of hunger; his inquest found a "botched" force-feeding was responsible for his death. The history of force-feeding is also explored, which includes copies of letters between doctors discussing their uncertainty about force-feeding feminist and activist Hannah Sheehy-Skeffington in 1913.
According to Niall Bergin of Kilmainham Gaol Museum, the medical ethics and science of the issue have often been overlooked.
"The medical people faced a conundrum," he says. "Their responsibility was to not let a prisoner who was technically under their care die. But a lot of the medical people get a bad press because there's a focus on the Ashe botched force feeding in the Mater hospital. Obviously, it does look inhumane."
In the 1970s, controversy over the force feeding of sisters Dolours and Marion Price led to a revised ethical approach. "Interestingly the World Health Organisation then declares that force feeding is unethical," says Bergin. "That wasn't accidental, there was a lot of attention on the Price sisters worldwide. It was made illegal in 1975 but we do know there were other incidents around the world after that. So this exhibition is looking at all of that from those different angles, including the medical one."
Protest at conditions
Although stories of people deliberately starving themselves run deep in several cultures, the history of the modern hunger strike starts in the late 19th century, when non-political inmates began to use it as a way to protest at conditions in prisons. The first political movement to deploy the tactic was the suffragettes in their campaign for the right to vote in the early 20th century, before it was picked up by revolutionary Irish republicans like Ashe and McSwiney.
The exhibition goes on to explore less-known stories, including women such as May Zambra and Hannah Moynihan who went on hunger strike in Kilmainham Gaol during the Civil War.
The IRA internees who died in the 1940s have been nearly entirely forgotten, says Bergin. "The government of the day didn't intervene in any of those cases. Not very many people would be conscious of that, and also of the consistent history running through the decades up to the 10 men who died in Long Kesh."


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Open the door to countless career paths.
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As an online graduate student in the College of Business, you'll be paired with a student support specialist who will be your main point of contact through your entire experience as a Bobcat. Your student support specialist may assist you in the following ways:
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Our students also benefit from 24/7 live tutoring and writing center services, online Ohio libraries to assist with research papers and projects, and new student orientation to ensure that you're comfortable with our online learning platform. The support we offer you won't stop once you graduate ― we offer career and leadership development services to alumni as well as students, so you can connect with potential employers even after you finish your program.


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20 Nov Asian Chicken Meatballs
I love Asian food! Luckily living in the Sf Bay area it isn't hard to find great Asian food fairly easily. So I don't really have to break down and make it myself that often but every once in a while I feel like it. So the other night we wanted Scallion pancakes and I have made a lot of scallion pancakes but the absolute BEST recipe for them is from an account I first started following on instagram @helloSalin and I love it! She has the best recipes and they are all fairly easy to follow. So here is her Scallion Pancake recipe:
With these scallion pancakes I wanted to make some veggie roll ups with peanut sauce so I put my son in charge of those. Unfortunately our rice paper was cracked so we just made them lettuce roll ups instead. Voila! Problem solved.
And for protein I made some Asian inspired chicken meatballs. We love chicken meatballs they are such a great vehicle carrying a variety of different flavors. We make Chicken parm meatballs, chicken piccata meatballs, greek chicken meatballs and on and on, the possibilities are endless. A friend asked why I use chicken instead of turkey and I do use turkey too but I feel like turkey has a stronger flavor and so is not as neutral as chicken so that's why I do that.
So here's how I made these:
- 1lb ground chicken
- 1 inch nub of ginger
- 1-2 scallions
- 2 cloves garlic
- 1 tsp Chinese 5 Spice Powder
- 1+ TBS of Soy sauce
- 1Tbs Mung Bean Sprouts chopped
- 1Tbs Diced Carrot
- 1/2 tsp salt + pepper to taste
- Sesame seeds
- *Ginger and Citrus flavored Chicken Broth (optional)
Combine all ingredients. In a large shallow pan heat some Canola or sesame oil until shimmering. Add meatballs and brown on all sides. If using broth add the broth and cover the meatballs and and simmer for 20-30 minutes. If not using broth then turn the heat to low and cook for another 20 minutes or so until the meatballs are cooked all the way through but not dried out.These are really packed with flavor and you could change it up anyway you want. Add chives or cilantro or fish sauce really anything.
*NOTE: I happened to have some ginger and citrus spiced broth in the fridge because it is my cold fighting elixir that I keep on hand in the flu season months. This is really easy to make. Just get bone in skin on chicken pieces. I use thighs. Cover with water. Add a couple of smashed garlic cloves and an onion and carrot and S&P. Make broth and remove chicken parts and veggies. Add a nub of ginger and 1 cup total of citrus juice-1 use what's on hand, limes, oranges and lemons or some such combo. You can add a star anise or not. Simmer for 30 minutes. Then it's ready.


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So here's what I've been doing the last few weeks, the pictoral version!
Homemade cranberry sauce for our Thanksgiving staycation. With some citrus, vanilla, and garam masala...not for everyone, but it was pretty good!
Union Station in DC, one of the most civilized places from which to travel.
Rachael and I at the bar well before 5pm...old habits and all that...
Throw the frisbee, Mama! It feels like summer outside! (and indeed it did... it was over 60 degrees on December 10th in the DC area...while Houston was seeing snow. Weird.)
Makin' radio at WETA...
...and my alter ego, hanging by the research workstation.
Here's what I've been doing today...
...and, as you can see, my sous chefs are less than helpful.
Posting will be light for the next few weeks...this holiday season is totally kicking my butt on a personal level, and it's not really the time of year to share these not-so jolly feelings. So, consider my relative silence my personal gift to you. :)


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Yaa Gyasi, born in Ghana, is a novelist and the author of "Homegoing", a novel exploring family ancestry, the impact of the transatlantic slave trade, and generational trauma. "Homegoing" won the National Book Critics Circle's John Leonard Prize for the best first book and the American Book Award in 2017.
The award-winning debut novel by Yaa Gyasi is a magnificently written story about lineage and circumstance. The tale begins in 1770s Ghana with two half-sisters, each unaware of the other, whose destinies diverge completely — one marries a high-ranking Englishman and lead a life of comfort in the luxurious rooms of the Cape Coast Castle, while the other will be captured in a raid on her village, imprisoned in the very same castle, and sold into slavery.
Gyasi's thoughtful, expressive story takes readers on a journey from the sisters' parallel lives through the generations of their descendants to the present day. The book explores several themes, including slavery, colonialism, imperialism, segregation, women's roles, identity, and heritage.
It goes from Gold Coast to the plantations of Mississippi, from the American Civil War to Jazz Age Harlem.
Yaa Gyasi's exceptional novel spotlights slavery's troubled legacy, both for those who were taken and those who stayed and shows how the memory of imprisonment has been carved on the soul of a whole nation.


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If you accidentally cracked your MacBook screen then you should hire a professional computer service or shop. The display needs to be replaced since it cannot be mended. The display on a MacBook needs a skilled specialist to replace them since they're so delicate.
Though a busted screen isn't overly pricey to get replaced, it will give you the chance to obtain a new computer rather than getting the display replaced, however, you just have to do this in case you've got an older model laptop that does not have all the intricacies of the more recent versions. You can get Screen repair of MacBook via https://jadecomputerservices.com/computer-repair .
This may be the ideal time to have a personalized MacBook notebook made and designed exactly to your own specifications.
In order to stop a cracked display, you have to see that now' laptops such as the MacBook cannot withstand much abuse. They just don't include a tough reinforced case. A lot of folks don't even bother using a case in any way.
Additionally, you should not drop your notebook because this might because the circuitry behind the display to turn into a damaged advertisement is among the greatest methods to decode the display. If any problem occurs then you should hire a good professional.


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Fantasy Shrooms bubbles (preorder)
Think out of the box! Mushrooms can be in any colour as you like!
Diameter: 1.8 cm
Please note that the prices are for normal studs, If you wish to have them in 925 silver (an additional $4 charges) or clip-on, please email or dm us after your purchase!
You also can add on a gift box if you are getting it for someone special: here.
Please note that all the bubbles under preorder. It will take roughly a month to be ready for shipment. Expect shipment date for the bubbles is 10 July 2020.
*Please note that each earring is handmade individually and so there may be slight variations from what you see in these photos.
*Please handle them with care. Avoid contact with water, perfumes, moisturisers and cleaning products. We recommend you to store them in an individual bag when not in use.


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Editorial: Retention tension
The Homeland Security Department's inability to keep key leaders is a sign that, five years after the terrorist attacks, DHS is an agency without a clear direction or focus.
One week ago, we were commemorating the fifth anniversary of the 2001 terrorist attacks. That spurred us to ask whether we are safer than we were five years ago. In many ways, the country is focused on securing the homeland in ways that it wasn't before. But are we as safe as we should be? That is the important and perhaps more difficult question. To answer it, we must look at the agencies responsible for protecting the country's security.
One way of assessing the health of an organization is by looking at the amount of turnover, particularly in key positions. The announcement earlier this month that Scott Hastings will be leaving his post as chief information officer of the Homeland Security Department's U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) program once again reminded us of the level of churn within that agency.
Hastings is just the latest high-level official to leave DHS. Earlier this year, Jim Williams, US-VISIT's director, left DHS to join the General Services Administration; Lee Holcomb, DHS' chief technology officer, decided to retire from government and join the private sector; and Maureen Cooney, the department's acting chief privacy officer, left for a law practice.
That trend is disconcerting, and we think it says something about the health of DHS as an agency. There were parts of Federal Computer Week's story last week about Hastings' departure that were even more jarring. Clark Kent Ervin, a former DHS inspector general, said the reasons for the high level of turnover are no mystery. They include what Ervin called "a well-deserved reputation for dysfunction, an inadequate budget, incompetent and unaccountable leadership, and low morale."
The list of recent departures among DHS' senior ranks would seem to bear out Ervin's comments. DHS has an important mission: protecting the country from another terrorist attack and preparing the country to be ready in the event of an emergency. People stay at DHS despite the problems Ervin noted because they believe in that mission. DHS senior spokesman Larry Orluskie attempted to explain the departures as typical of any organization. The people who have left recently were part of the first generation of leaders brought in to create the new department, and it is natural that they would begin to cycle out, he said.
But DHS is not just any agency. Turnover is something to worry about in all organizations, but it is particularly troubling at DHS because of the agency's mission. DHS is attempting to unify the systems of 23 different agencies, and it is seeking to enable the government to share information. Those efforts will take experience and time, and we are concerned that there is not enough continuity for the agency to move forward on those important tasks.
Unfortunately, the agency's inability to keep key leaders only fuels the perception that five years after the terrorist attacks, DHS looks like an agency without a clear direction or focus.
Another call for power players
Last week, we asked you who the government IT power players are. In the coming weeks, FCW editors will compile a list of influential people in this community. We are still seeking your thoughts. Do you know a power player who could have been overlooked? Let us know. You can send us an e-mail at email@example.com.
The government IT power players list will appear in the Oct. 30 issue of FCW.
NEXT STORY: Cybereye | What happened in Maryland?


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Blog Archives
786. . .yesterday Eye had tea with God !!!
"I spent 40 years talking to God, and the people thought I was talking to them." Abu Yazid
Eye had tea with God
it had been a long time since Eye had talked with God
eye remember
God is the only reality! Mystics often quote this inner teachings, but to the masses it seems like a mere allegory. Yesterday in manhattan eye paid 1$ for a cup of hot tea from a street vendor and went an sat down on a bench next to what appeared to be a homeless man. As eye sat there drinking my tea and reciting La ee la ha ill Allah(God is the only Reality) on my prayer beads the "homeless man" began to mumble some what seemed to be unrelated statements, such as " eye died a long time ago" and "there are 7 souls inside my body." thinking he was intoxicated because of the strong smell of alcohol on his breath eye paid little attention to his ramblings.
after about 10 minutes, eye noticed that every other sentence the man said was related and in-between the sentences was the voice of another Being. Here is one example of what eye experienced "fucking cops stole my wallet, 3 lights came from God, have you seen my wallet, Angels are beings of light." When eye noticed this strange pattern in his speech, eye started paying close attention to every other sentence, and made a recording on my phone. What it boils down to is yesterday eye had tea with God and the message eye was given IS Life changing.
The Message- decoded from my recording
We are all Beings of Light having a human experience. Death is an illusion. Life is eternal. Fear is an illusion created by the mind. Love is the only power. God lives inside of you As you. Give up all false teachings. Know that the true Self is God. Your false self must die. From the One Light came 3 Lights: The Light of Perfection, Majesty and Beauty. Angels are beings of light. We are surrounded by Angels. We are surrounded by Light. Darkness is an illusion. There is no heaven or hell. There is no negative force. God is the only Reality. My name is God. your name is God. God is the only Reality. God is the Only reality. God is……… has anyone seen my fucking wallet????
Believe it or not, yesterday Eye had tea with God. And no eye did NOT steal his wallet. May you have tea with God soon!!!
Love and Light – Sufi Ananda
786…mystical experience
time never was when man was not
Hari Om tat sat Hung 108x
eye have seen way toooo much
now eye can never accept the illusion
in between worlds of light
eye exit in Oneness
the universe smiled at me
clouds in the sky
formed arabic and sanskrit mantras
high pitch tones in the right ear
signaled the opening of higher realms of existence
am eye the wave from the Ocean
am eye
the OCEAN
traveling at the speed of Light. eye found the Self to BE God. mystical experiences open complex vortexes of simplicity. states of extreme Bliss and Unity. cosmic multi full body orgasms cant compare to this. eye was kissed by 3 immortal fish. don't ask me if eye am hearing voices. eye am hearing multi layered soliloquies of harmonic choruses chanted by angels, avatars, prophets and beings of light that can not be explained in words. eye drank 7 bottles of 100% pure jade, amethyst, rose quarts crystal wine with God last night. we laughed together and created other universes. God has become my best friend. in fact….eye don't see anything in existence other than HER…..
once when eye lived in senegal with my cheikh, eye was visited by an angel. the angle beckoned me to come close. at this point eye stepped on the angels foot and we began to travel into the heavens. the end result of the experience was a state of extreme fear from what took place on the journey. eye was sure that eye would die a physical death sometime that week. in this ecstatic state, eye rushed to the door of Cheikh Betcio to explain to Him what had happened and how eye was scared that eye was going to die. the cheikh looked at me calmly, laughed and said "anyone who says they took a journey to the Divine proximity of God, and did not reach a point where they were sure they were going to die, did not travel anywhere."
my friends, on this journey be careful what you ask for. eye can assure you, without the proper inner training, and a true spiritual master to guide you, there are some mystical experiences that you can have that will leave you walking down the middle of the street, naked, at twelve noon, wondering if it was all a dream……..the way of the mystic is only for those who have been trained by a master on the inner planes of existence….
…eye ask Allah for forgiveness. normally these types of mystical experiences are not shared with the public. in this new age of Aquarius some secrets of the way are being made public because it is time for the masses to be made aware of other possibilities of existence. forgive eye for my openness with one of eye many, many, many mystical experiences…living in the light of love…qiyamah abdallah salihu…sufi ananda
for books by sufi ananda visit….www.786sufiwisdom
786…God showed up! part 2
St. James and sufi at Wawa free hoagie day in phily
Love is the ONLY power in the UNI-verse!!! God exist as your True Self. Find, Know and ultimately BE this True Self. my life is becoming heaven on earth. eye only meet beings of light. there is NO darkness in eye CIPHER. this week eye was blessed to meet St. James. eye went with my class to free hoagie day at independence plaza in phily on a field trip tuesday. while siting on the park bench eye noticed a gentlemen collecting water bottles and pouring them on the plants. as eye observed him, eye thought to eye self, this man is a saint. when he came by my bench to pour water on the plants eye asked him "what is your name my man, and what made you want to pour water on the plants today?" he stopped, slowly turned to me , smiled and said " my name is St. James. I AM a disciple of Jesus Christ. it is a shame that these people are wasting all of this water. so I decided to collect it, and water the plants today."
after that eye sat and talked with St. James about Jesus, God and how to be a true disciple. he said so many profound things that where amazing. one of the things he said was "God has many names. Muslims call Him Allah. Jamaicans call Him Ja, and my favorite is a Jewish name, Yahweh." I asked him how did u become a saint . he said "I was born this way. my birthday is Dec, 23rd, two days before the birth of Christ." he also said that his grandmother was named Marry and his grandfather was names Joseph.
his energy was pure. eye could feel and see the LOVE of GOD in and on him. eye felt like eye was in the presence of a true saint. strangely enough St. James said that he lived in a home for mental patients and that his roommate was really crazy. he could not figure out why his roommate had so much hate and anger in a world full of God's love and beauty. when he said this, it made me think, this man is not crazy, he is more sane than the avg. person. it is said in the circle of knowers "in an insane society, (and we do live in an insane society) one must appear insane in order to be sane." at the end of our conversation eye asked him to pray for me. he said "God is going to bless you." eye smiled and said " HE just blessed me."
living in the light of love…sufi ananda
786… mushroom dreams
in a land far far inside. there once lived God. A She was looking for Herself. She fell in love with you. S you loved Her to the point of life itself. K All was Bliss. rain fell from the ground up. A circles became squares. and squares became stars. life was God. then one day you forgot that you were u, and God forgot that God was God. the roles switched and you became God and God became u. now u, as God, created a world to live in. a family to be born in. and a new place to call home. at night in your visions you had memories of many past life times. seeing yourself in many time periods. sometimes as a man. some times as a woman. W and sometimes as God. A these images flooded your consciousness until you entered into the fourth state of consciousness (turiya), beyond the waking, dreaming, and deep sleep state. Y in the 4th state of consciousness all and everything was God. A a monad of extreme Oneness. waves from the Ocean appeared as the Ocean itself. the sky was below, and the earth was above. the clouds and the sun where under water. the moon was in your heart…OM drinking the magical elixir TAT , you went back to sleep VA , to wake up from the dream as Self SAT.. Living in the Light of Love—sufi ananda
786… "I have seen God!"- confessions of a sufi
Serigne Saliou Mbacke-Master of the Universe!!!
" Giving up entirely thoughts of the world and giving his exclusive attention and thought on the Guru/cheikh, one attains the Supream Bliss easily." – Guru Gita
One day a sufi mystic walked slowly into the mosque in Bagdad and screamed "I have seen God." The others sufi's there said, that is good but have you seen Abu Yasid? The man said "what, I told you I have seen God, why are you asking me if I have seen Abu Yazid?" At that exact moment sufi master Abu Yazid came into the mosque. The people said " look, here comes Abu Yazid." When the man turned around and saw Abu Yazid, he started shaking, then he fainted and died on the spot. Seeing this strange event, Abu Yazid approached the congregation and inquired about what had happened? The people explained what the man had said, and Abu Yasid said " Now I know why the man died. When he saw God, he saw God at his capacity, but when he saw me, he saw God at my capacity, and this was too much for his heart to take."
The master is more powerful than we could ever imagine. Today eye woke up with a feeling of extreme love for my master Serigne Saliou Mbacke. eye could not even recite my normal morning wird/zikr/mantra. ALL eye could do is repeat His name over and over again! My heart was full of Divine Bliss. My consciousness was flooded with scenes from the many experiences eye had with Him when eye was in Senegal, west africa. Eye first went to see the master in 1996. When eye saw Him for the first time, the Divine Light that emanated from him was too much for my consciousness! All eye can remember was sitting in front of Him with my hands in His hands, taking the initiation, and then passing OUT…Two disciples had to pick me up, and carry me away! Eye can vividly remember my feet dragging in the sand as eye came back to this side of consciousness.
At the time eye went to Senegal eye was very fascinated with the idea of astral projection. On the very first night, after taking initiation(bayat), my master Serigne Saliou Mbacke came to me on the astral plane and took me out of my body! As we were traveling up into the heavens eye could clearly see the stars passing by us in the form of streams of LIGHT…Once when eye was with the master, my eyes began overflowing with tears and eye went into a trance state. While eye was in this state Serigne Saliou made everything disappear, there was no earth, no sky, and all of the people who where there vanished!! It was just me and the master suspended in a timeless place. In this place, before creation, the master spoke some words directly to me that eye will never forget!!! On two other occasions when eye would sit with the master, he would speak to the disciples in wolof, and to my surprise eye would hear his voice speaking english in my heart. It was at this point that eye knew that His voice was the voice of Allah/God!!! 3 years before eye went to Senegal, my beloved mother made her transition to the spiritual world from cancer. On the day before her transition eye went to sit by her bed side. As eye sat there eye heard a small still voice in my heart whisper "your mother is going to the other side." On the very next day, she was gone. Eye was sure that the still voice that spoke to me was the voice of God!!! To my amazement the EXACT SAME TONE AND PITCH that eye heard from Serigne Saliou Mbacke in my heart, was the EXACT same voice eye heard when my mother was making her transition…. eye have seen GOD…..these are the confessions of a true disciple..and yes there is MOOR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
love and light—Qiyamah Abdallah Saliou- sufi ananda http://www.786sufiwisdom.com
165…Phone call from God
786… Bis-Me-La-Ir-Rahman-Ir-Raheem
Phone call from God
dear friend,
Life is short. We must find a way to return to God. When we die, and our bodies are put in the grave, all of our friends and family will soon forget us. All of the problems that we faced in life will come to a sudden end. Even if we live to be 100 years old, we will surly be in the grave more than 100 years. If you visit the cemetery you can see tombstones from people that died in the 1800's. Does anybody remember them? Do we know how they lived their lives? All we see is the year of birth and the year of death, and maybe a couple of sentences about them. Is that all that a person's life amounts to? A couple of sentences on a stone tablet that birds defecate on?????
We need to wake up to the reality of life and the spiritual calling. When God calls your heart, you cannot ignore or reject the call. With the cell phone and caller ID we can see who is calling and quickly decide to accept or reject the call. With God it is not like that. When She calls you, you may put the call on hold but one day, you are going to have to answer Her call. Sometimes the phone call from God is from a private number and we cannot see the name of the caller. This type of call may come in the form of a sickness, financial difficulty, family problems, or the general trials of life. When God calls often times it looks like a tornado has come into our lives to destroy everything. In the Holy Quran God said, "when kings enter into a town they ruin it."
During the trials of life we must still the mind and learn to detect the voice of God in the midst of the storm. When God calls, do not reject His call….
taken from my book Branches of Wisdom available at http://www.786sufiwisdom.com


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Hand made in Bolivia
Artisans around La Paz joined forces to produce hand made sweaters for export. Creating jobs and keeping the craftmanship alive.
Alpaca wool from the Andes
Small scale farmer in the Andes usually only have a few animals. They are their source of living, so they take good care of them.
Softer than regular sheep wool
Apaca wool is comparable to wool of regular sheep, but it is warmer, itches less and contains no lanolin.


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Devayani is a Tamil film actress. She starred in numerous Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films, along with a few Hindi films and one Bengali film. Her debut film was to be in the Hindi film Koyal, which was later cancelled during its production stage. She received Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for her performances in the films Kadhal Kottai and Surya Vamsam. She has also appeared in the films Bharathi, Friends and Azhagi as well a in the Sun TV series Kolangal.
Devyani began her career as Sushma in a Bengali Film Shaat Ponchomi. She also acted in a Marathi Film before going to Tamil Nadu. Her earliest movies were released in the early and middle 90s including Kadhal Kottai.From 1996 to 2000 Devyani acted as heroine in over 35 films and acted with Prashanth (Appu), Ajith (Kadhal Kottai), Vijay (Friends), Sarath Kumar (Suryavamsam), Parthiban (Azhagi).She moved into supporting roles in Thenali though she still acted commercially until 2004-2005.She began acting in the teleserial Break Kolangal as Abhinaya which has had over 1500 episodes on Sun Television.
Devayanis fathers name is Jayadev and her mothers name is Lakshmi. She has two brothers, Mayoor and Nakul, also an actor.She studied Bachelor of Commerce in National College at the Mumbai University. She married Rajakumaran on 9 April 2001. Devayani first met her husband when she was acting in Suryavamsham, when Rajakumaran was assistant director. She starred in Nee Varuvai Ena, Rajakumarans debut film. A daughter was born to the couple in 2006 and a daughter in 2008 (which was the reason for her trip to America written in to the script of the Tamil Serial Kolangal) She recently built a house named Kadhal Kottai.


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First Rainbow 6: Patriots Details Revealed
The upcoming title, Rainbow 6: Patriots, was announced recently to great reception. The squad-based shooter has seen a lot of success this generation, with two titles released under the Rainbow Six: Vegas moniker. Now, it seems like the first details on the upcoming game have surfaced.
The game will feature (of course) the player as the leader of the Rainbow 6 squad. There will be even more control over your squad than in previous renditions, with Ubisoft alleging that players will have the ability to make their team execute, "the most deadly and efficient tactic given the context of the situation."
We're also told that the game will face the player with tough, moral-based decisions.
In regards to new tactics, the previous rappel and breach tactics will be slightly revised, including a "wall and ceiling breach," "fast rope rappel," "infiltrate and subdue" option, and something called an "Aussie style rappel." I'm assuming that means you'll be spouting lines from Crocodile Dundee whilst attacking.
Instead of the annoying door cam that was in previous games, we now have a thermal room scan that scans the entire room.
In terms of multiplayer, Ubisoft has mentioned a new feature called a sandtable. Players can use this sandtable in order to form tactics and familiarize themselves with the map through the use of a holographic display, like what's pictured above.
We'll keep you updated with new details as they become available to us.
Rainbow 6: Patriots is scheduled for 2013 and we're supposed to get a preview at the Video Game Awards on December 10.
What say you, gamers? The first Rainbow Six: Vegas was what got me addicted to online multiplayer, so I'm quite excited for this one.


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Brands that carry out in-depth processes and analysis to create personalized newsletters get twice as many conversions as those that do not. But then, why do 83% of brands do not perform a good analysis of their database?
This is also reflected in the high rebound rates of email campaigns. That is, most of the newsletters a user receives are annoying. And this happens because they are not optimized, they are mere promotions.
They do not invite reading or provide content relevant to the user. They simply seek to get their attention so that they click on the call to action and end up converting.
But personalized newsletters are different. They are essays sent by real people, designed in detail to please a particular reader and written with a more personal tone.
As you can see, it has nothing to do with the typical newsletters that you reject yourself. In fact the opening rate of these emails grows 50-60% compared to the most commercial emails. So much so that emails that include the name of the recipient in your subject line have higher click rates than those that do not incorporate it.
Maintaining ongoing relationships with your subscribers will almost unintentionally cause you to be in your top of mind. In fact, the key is not to overwhelm the subscriber with continuous irrelevant information. But in offering what interests you at the right time.
And as always, to get to this point you need a good segmentation of the database. In fact your list of records must be updated and divided according to some parameters that help you to differentiate them. In this way you will be able to:
- Allow your users to choose the list in which they want to enroll.
- Identify your customers and the sectors to which they belong.
- Detect who are the most receptive to your messages.
- Know which messages work best.
Do you know what advantages it has to create personalized newsletters compared to social networks, blogs or the most promotional email marketing?
- Mayores tasas de apertura y de respuesta
- Los usuarios le dedican más tiempo
- Puedes hacer branding de una manera mucho más profunda


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6 Tips for Packing Away Summer Clothes
It felt like summer was planning to stick around forever this year (we're not complaining) but the cooler temps are finally here! If you're like us and still haven't packed away your summer clothes now is the time. Follow these 6 steps to keep things as organized as possible.
- Wash and dry all of your clothes before packing them away so you can launder any stains.
- If you don't have any, purchase some storage containers. Plastic bins or air tight bags are both great options for storing clothes.
- Choose your storage location. Whether it's in your closet, your basement or under your bed, make sure the spot is cleaned and ready for your containers.
- Rolling your clothes will allow for more space in your containers and less wrinkles. Roll tightly and organize clothes by separating tops from bottoms.
- Top your clothes with some clean dryer sheets before sealing up the containers. Your clothes will smell fresh when you open them up next spring.
- Lastly, label your containers "summer clothes" so you can easily locate them when the weather turns warm again!


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It's MAY! It's time for finals! And then it's time for what you've been waiting for these past three years- THE BAR EXAM!
I am giddy with excitement for you.
What an honor to be allowed to sit for an exam meant to torture you, without the benefit of any real practical application to your profession. Some say the bar exam is nothing more than a hazing ritual. I don't disagree. I had to do it, so you have to do it. It's going to be terrible. You are going to be so miserable. Remember the Freshmen Fifteen? There's a Bar Exam Twenty that no one talks about. Buy your yoga pants and gym shorts now, friends!
Also, be aware that you're going to have to really be stern with your family and friends. They won't understand your overwhelming need to study. They will continue to call you, text you, email you, and send messenger pigeons no matter what your Facebook status is. To help, I'm sharing with you a page from my diary back when I studied for my first bar exam. Laugh with me, cry with me, and share this with your family and friends so maybe, just maybe, they will leave you alone.
July 6
7:00 am: The warm sun is beaming through my bedroom window. The bar exam is not today. The bar exam is not tomorrow. I'm going back to sleep.
7:32 am: Fine, I'll get up. Coffee… No clean coffee cups. I'll just pour my coffee into a bowl. Crap, that was my last clean bowl. It's all going to the same place anyway, it's probably fine to pour my Frosted Flakes into my coffee. Now I don't need sugar!
7:32 am: It was not fine. My cereal and coffee are down the drain. That was the grossest idea ever. Maybe today is the day I change out of my pajamas…
8:04 am: Weird, I'm still hungry. Thinking about eating breakfast didn't actually fill me up like I hoped. I will venture outside! I will go to the coffee shop where I can have a real breakfast heated in a professional-grade microwave and an iced espresso concoction. Today is looking up. I will bring my study guides and my iPod and my laptop and I will set up camp. I need a change of scenery, anyway.
8:27 am: Two shots of espresso on ice with a pump of vanilla, a cranberry-orange scone, and my laptop crowd a tiny table in the corner of the local café. I will practice a mixed set of MBE multiple-choice questions. The session is 90 minutes long, and… GO! Wait, that guy in line looks vaguely familiar. Do I know him? Maybe he was in my younger brother's grade. Did he used to have shorter hair? AH the timer is still going…
8:43 am: Is arson general intent or specific intent? What is that girl over there WEARING? This is NOT FASHION WEEK! When is Fashion Week? Is there a Law Week? Crap, wait, the timer's still going… Where was I?
9:17 am: Why are the Real Property questions like an ENTIRE PAGE LONG? How come every question in the mixed set is actually about MORTGAGES? WHERE MY EVIDENCE QUESTIONS AT?
9:53 am: Are these questions ever going to END? If Alice didn't record her deed she doesn't DESERVE the property! Are you even serious? And why the heck are these little kids drinking COFFEE. Don't they know it will stunt their growth? Shouldn't they be at the mall or something? SOME OF US ARE TRYING TO CONCENTRATE! I shake my fist and scowl.
9:57 am: Done. Submit. 50% correct? ARE YOU KIDDING ME? I have the urge to throw my pricey beverage at the wall. I panic. It's July. The exam is a few short weeks away. My stomach does this flip-floppy thing and my eyes well up with tears. My target was 60%. My mind flutters to JFK, Jr., and I remember that he failed the bar like five times (ok, two) and went on to successfully run a magazine and be named People Magazine's Sexiest Man Alive. There is hope. BREATHE. And breathe again. I must get back to studying! I feel a renewed energy and determination. I review each and every practice question in the set to see where I went wrong. I make flash cards for the rules of law I missed and add those flash cards to the shoe box storing my hundreds of other flash cards. I really should have purchased stock in the index card company. Thinking about how much money those execs are raking in right about now, I second-guess my career choice for the tenth time today. Index card executives likely never took a bar exam. I wonder if index card execs used to dream about growing up and becoming index card execs. Do I know any index card execs? STOP! FOCUS!
10:44 am: After that one demoralizing practice session I am wiped. I quickly check Facebook. WHAT? Sarah has just checked in at the beach for the 70th time?! Mary had a baby? JOE IS ENGAGED?? Info overload. I quickly exit out of the site and check my phone. 4 missed calls from my mother, 7 texts from my best friend wondering what I'm up to today, and another email from Beyoncé. Anxious that I've now wasted five whole minutes of my day, I regain focus and consult my task list. Up next, a Wills essay.
11:44 am: I checked my answer against the model. I NAILED IT. I found every issue. Take THAT! I will own this bar exam. The bar examiners will probably hire me after they see my stellar answers and ask me to write next year's exam. Or, maybe if I'm really lucky, I'll get some fancy job at a bar review company.
11:59 am: One minute until lunch. One minute until lunch. One minute until lunch.
12:00 pm: BREAK! What a grueling morning. I pack up and head home, unable to withstand the jealousy I feel towards every other person I see out and about. How dare these people flaunt their freedom in my face! (And this is why it's best to never leave your house during bar prep.)
12:23 pm: I'm home, I'm starving, and all that's left to eat are some Frosted Flakes, a slice of American cheese, hot dog buns, and an ear of corn. Challenge accepted. Bonus: there's a Judge Judy repeat on right now! This totally counts as studying.
1:00 pm: Fine. It's time to get back to it. My healthy lunch has given me the focus I need to get myself through a few more hours of studying. I review my highlighted and tabbed Criminal Procedure outline. I do a single Secured Transactions essay and then realize I need to create about a zillion new flash cards. They should really teach this stuff in law school. I do some more essays and some more multiple choice practice sessions. I watch a video lecture about supplemental jurisdiction. (I understand exactly 3.2% of it.) I ignore my ringing phone, I ignore my whining dog, and I ignore my husband. I muscle through an afternoon of uninterrupted studying.
7:00 pm: I'm done. I am a zombie. I probably ate something, I probably watched something on TV, it doesn't matter because nothing registered in my mind after probably 5pm.
Every day was like that. A whirlwind of rules of law and highlighters and index cards and caffeine. It was a boring and lonely summer. But, I survived the hazing.
Nowadays I love pretending the exam was no big deal, that anyone can pass it, that it's so simple I did it twice with my eyes closed. I've earned that right. You will, too. You just have to get through this one little exam. So, while you still have a couple of weeks of freedom as you "study for your finals," take advantage. Live it up. Don't go crazy though, because if you break the law you'll probably have to report it to the bar examiners.
Good luck this summer!