text:
Senior Data Engineer
Company: Bosch Group
Location: Sunnyvale
Posted on: June 13, 2019
Job Description:
Keywords: Bosch Group, Sunnyvale , Senior Data Engineer, Other , Sunnyvale, California
here to apply!
Didn't find what you're looking for? Search again!
Other Other Jobs
Clinician - NP - (MO) - $5k Sign-on Bonus!
Description: Join our team and make a difference Here at Planned Parenthood Mar Monte, we are seeking a full-time Clinician FNP/PA to work at our Modesto Health Center. Services provided at the Modeston Health (more...)
Company: Planned Parenthood Mar Monte
Location: Ceres
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Software Engineer, Contact Center Platform
Description: Software Engineer, Contact Center Platform Location: San Francisco/Remote, CA -United States Job ID: 18WD30368 Position Overview At Autodesk we do what no other company on the planet can, provide our (more...)
Company: Autodesk
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Style Team Leader
Description: Description : Understand sales goals, plan and execute daily/weekly workload to deliver on department and store sales goals and guest engagement including: merchandising, pricing workload, transitions, (more...)
Company: Target Brands, Inc
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Salary in Sunnyvale, California Area | More details for Sunnyvale, California Jobs |Salary
Hiring Full-Time Caregivers (PCA/HHA/CNA/Companions) - Flex Schedules
Description: Hiring Full-Time Caregivers PCA/HHA/CNA/Companions Flex Schedules Openings for caregivers to work within
Company: MissionCare
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Work at home opportunity - PT/FT
Description: Premier healthcare company is actively searching for highly motivated individuals to work individually
Company: Careers Division
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Route Service Sales Representative (4 day workweek)Route Service Sales Representative (4 day workwee
Description: Job Description Cintas is seeking a Route Service Sales Representative RSSR to manage and grow customer accounts in the Rental Division. RSSRs drive a truck along an established route and service and (more...)
Company: Cintas Corporation
Location: Gilroy
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Best Buy Verizon Expert
Description: Best Buy Verizon Expert Job Category Store Associates Location Number -San Rafael-Store Job Description What does a Best Buy Verizon Expert do At Best Buy we deliver expert service at unbeatable (more...)
Company: Best Buy Co
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Looking For A Pet Sitter For 1 Dog In Ceres
Description: Ceres family needs a pet sitter for 1 dog.
Company: Care.com
Location: Ceres
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Nurse Practitioner - Psychiatry
Description: A mental health facility in California is looking for a nurse practitioner who can provide locum tenens
Company: Barton Associates
Location: San Rafael
Posted on: 06/21/2019
Physical Therapist PT Jobs
Description: Of all the Healthcare Professional specialties we offer, Physical Therapist are one of the specialties that have the most difference between staffing agencies in job / travel assignment locations and (more...)
Company: HealthCare Travelers (Therapist)
Location: Ceres
Posted on: 06/21/2019


text:
This big dragon was being made by one person for more than a week. The piece of paper used for the origami was as big as 7×7 meters! Two hours more were spent for painting the model and set it on its feet. This dragon became the biggest origami ever made in Belarus.
And some shots of the origami exhibition in Belarus:
via onliner.by

subset: commoncrawl


text:
driver side window repair for Mercury Marauder Mariner
windshield replacement for Volkswagen Beetle Cabrio Cabriolet
I know you detest to consider it, but bad matters can occur to your tender top windows. Zippers use out, windows are ruined, windows is usually sliced, or they will fade over time. These Jeep Wrangler tender-top rated window replacement kits offer you three new windows (exact same given that the manufacturing style) if the outdated kinds should be replaced for whatsoever motive.
If It really is lacking power or ground then you do have a wiring difficulty somewhere. Whenever you open the doorways you will see a black rubber boot in between the doorway and overall body, inside these boots will be the wiring harnesses.
The windshield repair procedure is so dependable that the majority insurance policy companies will waive your deductible when you end up picking to possess your windshield repaired rather than replaced! Contact California Auto Glass currently at 800.946.4668 to view when you qualify for any Cost-free WINDSHIELD REPAIR.
*** RETURNS NOTE: A1 CARDONE only accepts returns inside of thirty days of invest in. When you receive your solution, please inspect it right away for good portion amount/problem and to make certain that you will be content with your order. ***
i have a 2000 sprtage EX which has been quite dependable to date (knock on wood) except for my driver side window. it's stopped Functioning. i hear the motor working, and i've taken the interior cover off and can see going parts, but some thing has occur unfastened.
Here is a diagram on the rear window motors.They bring on the window switches then on the drivers door lock/window switch.
We use cookies to give you the absolute best working experience on our Web-site. By continuing to employ This great site you consent to using cookies on your device as described within our cookie policy unless you have disabled them.
If you're looking to improve or repair your Jeep Comanche having a Window Motor Auto Elements Warehouse is below to suit your needs. Free delivery on orders around $50 constantly will make getting a little bit a lot easier. We glance to fulfill all types of auto shoppers so whether you you do it yourself (DIY), have someone get it done for yourself (DIFM) or absolutely are a mechanic, We have now worked difficult to make sure We now have a fantastic variety of Window Motors for your personal Jeep Comanche.
Check with-a-doc Web pages: If you've A fast question, you'll be able to attempt to get an check here answer from internet sites that say they have many experts on hand to give brief responses... Justanswer.com.
Whether or not you've endured a rock chip, critical climate hurt, or A few other surprising surprise, you could rely upon our specialists' Kia windshield replacement experience and confidently e-book your appointment now.
If the voltage of the window motor is not suitable, Test the wiring from the doorway. The wires needs to be free from corrosion, problems, abrasion or incorrect attachment. Repair or swap as needed.
Pep Boys provides state security and emission/smog screening in many destinations. Once-a-year inspections and emissions checks assure your car or truck is performing optimally.
Trim pad remover: Area the tool read more underneath the edge of the door upholstery panel and insert it to the fastener as much as feasible, then just pry up.
Allow Pep Boys Qualified technicians allow you to manage the security, dependability and longevity of the motor vehicle. Regular preventative servicing can more info help you help save time and cash in the long run, and make sure the daily life of your car for years to come back.


text:
Sponsored Links
SterJo Startup Patrol constantly tracks the new or modified startup registry and notifies if some changes appears.
Sponsored Links
SterJo Startup Patrol constantly tracks the new or modified startup registry and notifies if some changes appears.
OST to MBOX Converter Expert is available for converting emails from OST file to MBOX file format. Download free for testing software features.
Downloads: 55418 - Shareware - Download Now
The SQL File Viewer tool is now available on the Internet for instant download. It's a freeware tool provided by SysInfoTools that'll help you open MDF file and NDF Files without actually requiring Microsoft SQL Server.
Downloads: 9733 - Freeware - Download Now
Glary Utilities PRO offers numerous powerful and easy-to-use system tools and utilities to fix, speed up, maintain and protect your PC. Includes powerful functions such as registry fixer,disk cleaner,privacy protector,system info, disk analysis,etc.
Downloads: 46590 - Shareware - Download Now
PDF Restrictions Removal is one of the finest program of its category to enable users to remove pdf restrictions of copy, print, edit, modify. with PDF Restrictions Removal program users can easily copy, print, modify content&images from PDF files.
Downloads: 62043 - Shareware - Download Now
SafeWiper for Android program does a great job to erase everything from your Android device completely before selling.
Downloads: 33464 - Shareware - Download Now
Sponsored Links


text:
Oni girl bring ghost fucked
Watch and download strongoni chichi 2 revenge episode 1strong 鬼父2 in english subdub and in crisp 720p1080p hd only on hentai haven.
Stronganime teen xxxstrong young horny anime teens fuck 3d young dolls animation.
Yet again with a little extra help is a naruto fanfic written by author third fang set in an alternate universe where akatsuki wins among other things.
Chinas ministry of education believes the increase in gaming and internet use among minors could lead to higher rates of myopia.
The strongmonster girl encyclopediastrong is a nsfw encylopedia fleshing out a setting of monstergirls written and impressively illustrated by japanese hentai creator kenkou cross the artwork is great if somewhat contentious in content some of the premises are as interesting as they are quotenjoyablequot so whats the problem well while.
Revolutionary stronggirlstrong utena 少女革命ウテナ shōjo kakumei utena is a surreal shoujo work that deals with the trials of a stronggirlstrong named utena tenjou her loss of innocence and her struggle to strongbringstrong about the worlds revolution on the day of her parents funeral sevenyearold utena meets a.
Stronghow high scriptstrong taken from a transcript of the screenplay andor the method man and redman movie.
Watch breaking news videos viral videos and original video clips on strongcnncomstrong.


text:
Get a FREE Quote Today! Contact Us
By JPIA Blogging Team No comments yet home insurance decisions, homeowners insurance considerations to make
Try out these suggestions to help you secure the right home coverage. If you are shopping for your first home insurance policy, you might not know where to begin. Before you start searching for the perfect homeowners insurance in Ventura, California, there are some decisions that you need to make. Consider these things to help you secure the right home
1445 Donlon Street
Suite 6
Ventura, California 93003
805-658-2423 (Fax)[email protected] Privacy Policy
Tips for Teens: Long-Distance Driving
June 20, 2019
These Indoor Plants Can Make Your Home Healthier
June 13, 2019
Protecting Your Ventura Home from Wildfire
June 6, 2019


text:
Aurora, COUSA
Hometown: Aurora
December 12, 2016
I'm the President of Asians & Friends Denver. I enjoy helping Asians to become Asian Americans and to learn American culture and have fun.
Already a member? Log in.
Already a member? Log in.
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Huxley - Oil EssenceSchlussverkauf Frühlingsfest Mengenrabatt
Zusätzlich 12% Rabatt bei Bestellungen ab 49€
Nutze Code: SOMMER2019
Schlussverkauf bis zum 30. Juni 2019| Noch
Kostenlose Hautpflege-Probe!
Erhalte bei jeder Bestellung eine Probe der NEOGEN Vita Duo Cream Joan Day Joan Night! Beschränkt auf ein Exemplar pro Bestellung.
Opuntia Ficus-Indica Stem Extract, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Methyl Gluceth-20, Ethanol, Water, Dimethicone, 1,2-Hexanediol, Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil, Polyquaternium-51, Ilex Paraguariensis Leaf Extract, Prunus Mume Fruit Extract, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, Myrciaria Dubia Fruit Extract, Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Betaine, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Xanthan Gum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sodium Methyl Stearoyl Taurate, Dextrin, Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol, Fragrance
Änderungen in den Inhaltsstoffen sind dem Ermessen des Herstellers vorbehalten. Die aktuellste, vollständige Liste der Inhaltsstoffe findest du auf der Produktverpackung.
Mehr Informationen:
|Importiert aus:
- Bilder dienen nur zur Illustration. Je nach Einstellung deines Computermonitors können die dargestellten Farben von den Farben des tatsächlichen Produktes abweichen.
Weitere Daten:
Übersetzung von Kosmetik-Produktverpackungen in koreanischer Sprache (als Referenz):
- Energizes and revitalizes skin with an optimal balance of oil and essence.
- Infused with Sahara Prickly Pear Seed Oil and its excellent moisture retention abilities.
How to Use:
- After using a toner, apply a proper amount of essence on face and gently pat into skin until absorbed.
Size : 30ml
Verwandte Videos
NataliePerfect for dry skin12. Juni 2019I have dry skin and apply this essence over night before usual night cream. Even in cold season when heating was on my skin stayed hydrated, finished a bottle within 3 months and ordered again.
tanaazpavr...Moisturizing and wonderful5. Juni 2019I have oily dehydrated skin and i was looking to add some moisture because my current routine was lacking in the hydration department. I was a little worried because it said oil essence that it might be a bit thick but its actually a dream. It isn't super watery, but it's not thick either.
It has a lovely scent and absorbs in the skin right away leaving this hydrated glow. It's a really good hydrating product for my skin type because i find it does the thing where it moisturizes deep in the skin rather than just on the surface, which is what I need. 100% worth it
BrisaWonderful Oil!31. Mai 2019Was worried the oil would be too thin but the consistancy is great! The smell is wonderful and not too strong but something to keep in mind if you are sensitive too fragrances. overall wonderful and hyrdrating!
Vong sorpheaLove it so much !!!!21. Mai 2019Must have item for me !!!!! Good for wrinkle care in 20s to 30s . Smell so gooddddd but if you have sensitive skin , please keep that in mind , it has a strong fragrance. .
Eliza AllenWorth the price17. Mai 2019I love this as my Winter essence as my skin really drys out and this combats it perfectly! The texture is like liquid satin and I love the orchid scent which is subtle but very pleasant. A great addition if you have dry skin as its so nourishing whilst not leaving a sticky or oily feeling on the skin.
t.k.makhoh...Saves Skin9. Mai 2019My skin could not have made it through winter without this little gem. It both hydrating and moisturising but fast absorbing. Works well in spring too, and leaves skin moisst and supple. Can't recommend enough, really is all that and a bag of chips
TerdzimanovaGreat oil2. Mai 2019Smells great, and besides the perfume it doesn't irritate my skin. Hydrates well
Yesim AratBin begeistert18. April 2019Ich liebe dieses Serum. Ich habe trockene Haut und habe es im Winter gekauft. Sie riecht sehr angenehm nach Wald und Wiese und macht einen hervorragenden Job. Einziger Haken ist der Preis.
AdianaTop 3 Skincare5. April 2019Read and watched a lot of reviews ans it's been on my radar for a few months, debating whether it was worth a try since I live in a hot humid weather. But it has become an OG in my books and doesn't leave any breakouts on my oily combo skin! Works for both humid and dry weather, highly recommended :)
Samantharepeat purchase22. März 2019I really like the consistency of this serum. it's my go-to serum and am now on my fourth bottleexcellent product23. November 2018This serum is great! The botanic, fresh fragrance is invigorating. I use it day and night as have noticed my face is smoother after a week. I like that I can use it on days when it's a bit humid and this serum doesn't feel sticky. I only wish there is more for the price point 😁
MonicaImpressed8. März 2019Purchased about 3 months prior, and used in combination with other skincare products without any reaction. It has a pleasant scent and the texture is smooth. I alternate between this oil essence and drops of youth body shop serum and my skin looks so healthy. Used both at the same time during the polar vortex earlier this year under extreme cold weather and my skin stayed hydrated. Definitely will be putting in another order for this product.
Nyreeanother winner from Renee!7. März 2019I bought this after watching Renee (Gothamista). She raved about how luxurious and refined this oil serum is and she is absolutely correct. This serum oil leave skin looking 'expensive' that is the best way I can describe it.
Treat yourself to this serum. Your skin will thank you.


text:
Can someone tell me what klninig keristorn is I believe it is a wine but not sure?
yes it is a wine
Man who does not believe in god?
Someone who doesn't believe in God is an atheist Someone who is not sure whether there is a God or not is an agnostic. Someone who does believe in God is a theist Read More
What is the word when your not sure god is real?
No, athiest means that you most definetely do not believe in God. An agnostic is someone who is not sure if God is real or not. Read More
What is the name for someone without a religion?
Aethiest if you strictly do not believe there is a God. Agnostic is when you're not sure if there is or is not. Read More
What does it mean when someone says Somebody pinch me?
They can't believe what is happening and want to be sure they are not dreaming. Read More
What is the name of people who hate Jesus?
I'm not sure if there's a name for someone who hates Jesus, but someone who doesn't believe he exists is an Atheist. Read More
What is it called when you dont have a religion but believe in god?
Many people are now describing themselves as "spiritual, not religious". You probably are agnostic because Agnostics believe In God and aren't quite sure of a religion, or they aren't sure about God's existence. An athiest is someone who doesn't believe in God. A Monothiest is someone who believe's in one God. Read More
Do you believe that love can truly make a person lovely?
Sure, if someone is happy on the inside, that happiness tends to show on the outside. Read More
Why is it that if someone told you there are a billion stars you would believe him but if someone told you there is wet paint on the wall you would have to touch it to be sure?
It is easier to touch a wall then to count a billion stars. Read More
When two numbers are multiplied?
LOL wow I cant believe someone doesen't know this how many stupid people are not sure about this... OMG Read More
What type of religion is best for someone that isn't sure what they believe?
If you are not sure what you believe, I would ask why you believe you need a religion at all. Not being sure what you believe means you are probably agnostic, and need do nothing to remain an agnostic. If you have no conviction that there is a deity or controlling spirit, then you could look at what you really do believe already. Do not join a religion or cult unless you genuinely believe the… Read More
What do you call someone who is not sure if god made the universe?
Probably Agnostic would be the best word- they may not be sure, but this doesn't mean that they definitely do NOT believe that He did. Sceptics might be another term. Read More
What is the most laps down in a Nascar race someone came back and won?
I believe it was Richard Petty. He came from 7 laps. I am not sure what race it was. But I believe it was in the 50's or the 60's. Read More
What does crossing cultures mean?
I'm pretty sure I know what it means. when someone, let's say is christian but they also believe a bit about booda and believe in a little about muzzlems. they arent just one culture. Read More
To be sure that something is true?
If you want to make sure that something is true, it takes trust. Without trusting someone you will never believe anything. The only other way of knowing if something is true is if you have evidence. Read More
What is special agents handgun?
I believe the current standard issue is a Glock 23, but I'm not sure. Someone else please correct me if I'm wrong. Read More
What do you call someone who doesn't believe in anything at all not God karma evolution big bang theory etc nothing at all?
A solipsist and an egotistical, unthinking fool. See also: Is there evidence for Creation? Can you show that God exists? Seeing God's wisdom Read More
What is the name for the person who doesnt believe in god?
it is belived that someone who has no god is an atheist, how ever i'am un sure if the same term is applied to some who does not belive in god Read More
On Pokemon soul silver what do you do with the rage candy bar?
I believe you give it to someone in Kanto. He'll trade you a TM for it. I'm not sure, but I think it's Sludge Bomb. Read More
Is there someone really named John Doe?
I believe several people have applied to the court to have their original names changed to John Doe, but I'm not sure if any had the change approved. Read More
How famous are Webkinz?
Well, now that someone brings it up ... Webkinz are mostly all around the world! It might be amazing to believe but i think it's true. If you do not believe please be welcome to go Wikipedia and type in webkinz. I am sure you will get your answer ! I hope I helped! Read More
How many people believe in god but do not believe in ghosts?
I'm sure if you believe in God then you will believe in Spirits and Demons. Read More
What is a person called who is not sure God exists?
Someone who doesn't know whether god exists is called agnostic. Someone who needs evidence to prove it is an atheist. People who are not sure if there is a god are called agnostics. An agnostic doesn't necessarily believe there is a God but doesn't rule out the possibility. An atheist believes completely that there is no God. Read More
Did davey Jones from the monkees every sang the theme song to Scooby Doo at all?
Yes! I believe he sang the season 2 opening theme from 1970! If it isn't him then it sure sounds like someone just like him. But I am pretty sure it's him. Read More
Are there more fiction or nonfiction book in print?
I dont know for sure but i believe there is for fiction books in print but someone could be making a book right now so you never really know for sure Read More
Can someone lose weight to try and impress someone?
Sure...if your planning to become an anorexic!! Believe me...IT ISN'T WORTH IT!!! Just have them love you...for who you are no matter what you look like..its just the right way to go....hope you enjoy this piece of advice... sincerly, A frend.. Read More
Do children in Bolivia believe in Santa?
not so sure if they believe... but go on santa finder .com and he sure does visit there every christmas :) Read More
Why if you tell a woman your not nice they wont believe ya?
Women should believe what men say. But, they don't. They are sure that they can be the influence that will change you and they can also see potential in you. Your choice is to grow into someone that people will want to be with all the time, and to have the confidence in yourself that you can and will do so. Read More
What afl team has the most wins in history?
Someone may correct me, but I believe Essendon has that trophy. 24consecutive games. Not sure on the date - I was in high school when it happened - so 1997???maybe...?! Read More
How did Miley Cyrus overcome her obstacles?
She believed in herself and she was sure that one day, even if the road is full of obstacles, she'll make it. Because, when you really wish to do something or be someone very much, it will sure happen. Just believe in yourself and keep going on! Read More
What is the theme of stranger with my face?
the only thing i could think of was don't believe in rumors and don't trust someone just because their a close friend or relative. also, don't blame someone for something if your not sure because Gordon blamed Laurie that she was with another guy on the beach but how could he have been sure it was her. ---- Hope that helped good luck!=] Read More
Do you believe that earth is beautiful?
sure do Read More
How can you be sure that the man you Marry is a Christian?
check the church record where he was baptised You can't -- even someone who is baptized might not be a practicing Christian. You have to talk to them and find out what they really believe. Read More
What issues do men deal with?
Believe it or not, but they deal with a lot of the same issues women do. Making sure there's a roof over his head and food in his belly. Finding someone to make him happy or at least content. How can he get what he wants to do, done and make his special someone happy/content. Read More
What TM do you get in Pokemon for ten yellow shards?
Uhmm, i Believe you get TM Sukmycok, no sure thou Uhmm, i Believe you get TM Sukmycok, no sure thou Read More
Nba players who wore the 5 jersey?
im not sure but i believe derek fisher did with the JAZZ im not sure but i believe derek fisher did with the JAZZ Read More
Was Voltaire in love with his niece?
yes i believe he did i am not completely sure but i am 95.2% sure Read More
If You love someone and you are not sure whether this someone loves you or not?
Ask them Read More
Does someone know a lot about physics?
I'm sure someone does..... Read More
A face is a what with how many dimensions?
Four, I believe. I'm not for sure though. But I believe so. Read More
Can someone do my studyisland?
sure, why not Read More
Has Daniel agger a girlfriend?
umm...not sure but heard that he has been dating with Sofie Nelsen and they have been lived together for a couple years but I'm not quite sure if they still stay together. I have not heard about their relationship for a long time and someone said he is a gay! But I believe that he is 100% straight. Read More
Is slipknot religious?
There are 9 members, Im sure they have many different religions, I believe Corey is catholic (I have no proof, I remember someone telling me that though). Also, does their religion matter? That shouldn't affect their music. If someone discovered that Bach was a satanist would his music be any worse? Read More
Can you test positive for cocaine if you believe someone put concaine in your pop or water or in a cigar you smoked?
I'm so sure it will because it is in your system. Even if you touch it you can have a positive test because it goes into your pours. Read More
What does Z.A.P stand for in One Direction?
If you're referring to when they would tweet "(something) zap", I believe it is an inside joke between the boys. Someone said it was when they wanted the (something) but I'm not 100% sure on that part. Read More
When do you enter heaven or hell?
Not one person knows for sure when someone enters heaven or hell. Many do believe that one will enter as soon as they pass away. Other think they will enter when Jesus returns. Read More
Do Catholics believe in people who have a sixth sense?
yes we sure do. just like we believe in eveil we believe in good and the afterworld Read More
Does someone with a positive attitude live longer than someone with a negative one?
I pretty sure that the someone with the negative attitude would live longer because he/she shall deal with the emotion by hitting the wall or something instead of a person.. I believe the better way to do it is IGNORING..i guarantee it's probably work..that all i got..geee Read More
What is the highest score you can get on a oaks test?
I'm not sure of the highest possible score, I just got a 269 on my math test and was looking for the same answer. I'm fairly sure I got every answer but one right, so my guess is that 270 is the highest possible score. Actually, I believe the highest score is 299 because I know someone who has gotten a 296. And have heard someone get a 299. I know you can get a… Read More
How old is ulquiorra?
I am not sure but I believe he is 19 Read More


text:
CA2473317C - Method for reservoir navigation using formation pressure testing measurement while drilling - Google PatentsMethod for reservoir navigation using formation pressure testing measurement while drilling Download PDF
- Publication number
- Authority
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- method
- drilling
- pressure
- measurements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
- E21B47/02208—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using seismic or acoustic means
Method for Reservoir Navigation Using Formation Pressure Testing Measurement While Drilling BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention [0001] This invention relates generally to drilling of lateral wells into an hydrocarbon reservoir, and more particularly to the maintaining the wells in a desired position relative to fluid contacts within the reservoir and relative to each other.
2. Description of the Related Art [0002] To obtain hydrocarbons such as oil and gas, well boreholes are drilled by rotating a drill bit attached at a drill string end. The drill string may be a jointed rotatable pipe or a coiled tube. Boreholes may be drilled vertically, but directional drilling systems are often used for drilling boreholes deviated from vertical and/or horizontal boreholes to increase the hydrocarbon production.
Modern directional drilling systems generally employ a drill string having a bottomhole assembly (BHA) and a drill bit at an end thereof that is rotated by a drill motor (mud motor) and/or the drill string. A number of downhole devices placed in close proximity to the drill bit measure certain downhole operating parameters associated with the drill string. Such devices typically include sensors for measuring downhole temperature and pressure, tool azimuth, tool inclination. Also used are measuring devices such as a resistivity-measuring device to determine the presence of hydrocarbons and water. Additional downhole instruments, known as measurement-while-drilling (MWD) or logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools, are frequently attached to the drill string to determine formation geology and formation fluid conditions during the drilling operations.
[0003] Boreholes are usually drilled along predetermined paths and proceed through various formations. A drilling operator typically controls the surface-controlled drilling parameters during drilling operations. These parameters include weight on bit, drilling fluid flow through the drill pipe, drill string rotational speed (r.p.m. of the surface motor coupled to the drill pipe) and the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid. The downhole operating conditions continually change and the operator must react to such changes and adjust the surface-controlled parameters to properly control the drilling operations. For drilling a borehole in a virgin region, the operator typically relies on seismic survey plots, which provide a macro picture of the subsurface formations and a pre-planned borehole path. For drilling multiple boreholes in the same formation, the operator may also have information about the previously drilled boreholes in the same forniation.
[0004] In development of reservoirs, it is common to drill boreholes at a specified distance from fluid contacts within the reservoir. An example of this is shown in Fig. 1 where a porous formation denoted by 5a, 5b has an oil water contact denoted by 13. The porous formation is typically capped by a caprock such as 3 that is impermeable and may further have a non-porous interval denoted by 9 underneath. The oil-water contact is denoted by 13 with oil above the contact and water below the contact: this relative positioning occurs due to the fact the oil has a lower density than water. In reality, there may not be a sharp demarcation defining the oil-water contact; instead, there may be a transition zone with a change from high oil saturation at the top to a high water saturation at the bottom. In other situations, it may be desirable to maintain a desired spacing from a gas-oil. This is depicted by 14 in Fig. 1. It should also be noted that a boundary such as 14 could, in other situations, be a gas-water contact.
[0005] In order to maximize the amount of recovered oil from such a borehole, the boreholes are commonly drilled in a substantially horizontal orientation in close p=~rnity to the oil water oontaat, i+ut still withm the oil zane. US
Patent RE35386 to WC1 et al, having the same assignee as the prescnt applicatian, teaches a rncihod for dottetai$ apd sensing botmdxries in a foTmation dmdng directiona1.
dn'lrmg so tbst the drilling arperatfou can be adjnsted to maittaaa 8ie dM*eig, witbdn a selected sizat= is presazwd.lhe metbod wmmprisea &e initial dn'IImg of an offset wefl from wbich se,aistivity of tbe forma#xan with deptL is det=hud. 7his resistivity informatiian is then modeled to provide a nwdeW
log indicsdive of the responso of a xesistivity tool wifhin a selec0ed stratmn ia a substantialty boatiaontal direotim A dire+etional {e,g, horizontal) well is thereaflcr drRed w&erein xesistivity is logged m zeal t9m e apd camga,red to that of the modeled boxizoatal wsis6vity to dea.~mmne the loaatinn of ffie drM
strhg and tiaretry the bomeholo in the substanrially bo~i slzatum. FrOBI this, *e direction of dn7linQ can be eeacGsod at adjusbed so 'tltat =the borehole is maintaiued widiin tbe desired sttaUm. The coAfigmmtian used im the Wu patut is sehennetically dcnoted in Fig.1 by a bcxielwle 15 having a drIIling assombly 21 with a dril] bit 17 fiat drilling t3ie boreholG. Me msssbvity sensor is deuoted by 19 and iypdcaIIy cosnprlses a trans mitber and a pluaality of stasoma. _ Measuac.rnents may be made witb propagatim sGUSaas that operate m tbe 400 kHz andhigtr,ez frequency.
100061 A l'unitatien of the method aad apparatus used by W4 is tLat zesistivity sensors are rctiponhive to oi71'wate< oonuats for relatively sma11 distamoes, typicany no mare than 5 nm; at 3arger diatancas, conventiapal propaga#ioa tools are not responsive to the resistivity camaast bttweem,vatr,r and o$. o,oe solution =rhat can be used ia such a case is to use an induction logging that typically upersie in fareqnencias betweea.lOkHz aad 50kgz. US Patent 6,308,136 to TabarvvAy at a] having the same assignae as the paeeeat application teaches a xn.ethod of interpreta#ion logs in near horizontat boreholes and determining distances to boundaries in proximity to the borehole.
[0007] A second situation encountered in reservoir development is illustrated in Fig. 2. Denoted is a borehole 15N drilled by a drillbit 17N on a drilling assembly 21N. The reservoir is denoted by 51 and includes a gas-oil contact 57.
The objective in drilling here is maintain the borehole at a well below the gas-oil contact. Due to the fact that both gas and oil have relatively high resistivity, it is not possible to ascertain the location of the gas-oil contact using resistivity methods.
[0008] US Patent 6,464,021 to Edwards discloses a method for Geosteering using pressure measurements. The method relies upon the fact that vertical fluid pressure gradient (FPG) in a virgin formation depend primarily on the density of the fluid in the formation. Specifically, the vertical FPG in water is approximately 0.5 psi/ft (11.3kPA/m) for a density of 1.09g/cc; in oil of density 0.65 g/cc the FPG is 0.37 psi/ft (8.4kPa/m) while in gas of density 0.18g/cc the FPG is 0.08 psi/ft (1.81kPA/in). The method of Edwards includes deploying a number of remote sensing units including pressure sensors into the formation.
The deployment is done either from a drill string tool or from an open hole logging tool by drilling into the formation, punching or pressing the remote sensing unit into the formation, or shooting the remote sensing unit into the formation. Using the deployed units, a determination is made of the depth at which drilling of a deviated borehole is to commence. In the absence of hydrodynamic flow, the fluid interface will be substantially horizontal However, there is no discussion in Edwards of a method for maintaining the borehole at the desired depth. All of these are complicated procedures and involve multiple trips down the borehole and/or carrying a number of remote sensing units into the borellole. Another problem not fully addressed in prior art is the spacing of wells for reservoir development.
[0009] As a specific example, the desired spacing may be 200 m or so. When surve~ is caaied out using a gyrc+scope on a wirelme devxce or a slicklime ,device, a typical acacuracy ic 16. wbich isanslates imto a deviatim of 17 m for a 1000 m borehole or 170 m for a 10km hoa~l borcbule. Wft erra'of tins magniiude, it is ditBcnlt t,o maintam a desired horimnffi1 spaciag of 200 in betwaett bareholes. The resujt is tWtbarese-voiu' may bo oversampled wi&
Uomholes, Wbdch oosts thm and snoney, or the resr,rvoix may be tmderampled, resaltitxg in portians of the zeservoir being uindtaiaed [0010] Tt would be desirable tv have a method of coutroIling the dn"lling af a baaehole in awservoir aud main~-tbe borehole at a deDwA disime relatrve to afluid*=face such as a gas/og intccface or an m'Uwater mtedace.
Sbch a metbod slmuld.prafasbly- aisp be abie to noaiotana tbe bonehole at a speaified horia.ontal spacing relattvro to a pm-adshng boaehole. 5uah a method shoauld reduce the number of iateauptions of drMing for ft purposea of tal;ing measnremeeats to a minimqm. Such a method should a]so be relativety abmple and easy to deploy T71e present im-antion salisi7ies these needs-SrJ14II1'XARY OF THE XlWEN'1"ION
[00111 Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is pzovided a method of developing a hydrocarbon reservoir in an emth fornlation, the method cornprisiuag:
(a) using a bottom ho]e assembly (BHA) having a drillbit thereon for drilling a borehole;
(b) drilling said borehole to a first depth;
(c) maldng rneasurements of a fluid presslue using a formation pressure tester while drilling (FPTWD) on said BHA dising fiuther drilling of the borehole; and (d) altering a dnHing direction of said borehole during said further dzilling if a measured value of said fluid pressure differs from a predetermined value.
[0012] In a preferred embodirnent of the invention, the PT''fWD obtains small samples of the reservoir fluid. The predetermined value of fluid pressure preferably corresponds to one of: (i) a specified depth above an oil-water contact, and, (ii) a specified depth below a gas-water contact.
[0013] In one embodiment of the invention, the predetermined value of said fluid pressure is obtained from a vertical borehole in said earth formation.
Alternatively, a resistivity device such as an induction tool or a propagation resistivity tool is used to drill to a depth close to a detectable oil-water contact and the pressure at that depth is used as a basis for the predetermined value.
In the case of a gas-oil or gas-water contact, an acoustic device may be used for defining the depth at which a predetermined pressure is specified. When an acoustic device is used on the BHA, a look-ahead capability may be used to define, in addition to bed boundaries, faults and hard streaks such as those caused by calcite or intrusives.
[0014] Optionally, an azimuthal density, porosity or resistivity imaging tool may be used to avoid material such as shale lenses in the reservoir.
[0015] In one embodiment of the invention, in addition to maintaining a desired position relative to a fluid interface in the reservoir, a desired spacing of a wellbore relative to a preexisting wellbore is maintained. This is accomplished by one of several methods. In one method, acoustic waves generated by either the drill bit or by an acoustic transmitter on the BHA are detected at a plurality of acoustic receivers at known locations in a preexisting wellbore. Analysis of the received acoustic waves makes it possible to determine the position of the acoustic source (drill bit or transmitter) relative to the preexisting borehole.
[0016] Alternatively, the position of the borehole relative to one or more preexisting boreholes can be determined by producing pressure pulses in the preexisting borehole(s) and determining a traveltime for the pulses to be detected by the FPTWD. Yn another embodiment of the inventicm, pressure pulses from preexisting boreholes are used for rriaintaining a desired wellboare spacing.
[0016a] According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a systein for developing a hydrocarbon reservoir in an earth formation, the system comprising:
(a) a bottom hole assembly (BkIA) having a drillbit thereon for drilling a borehole, (6) a formation pressure tester while dxilling (FFTWU) on the BHA for determining a pressure of a fluid in said earth forxnation, said FPTWD making measuremc,nts oi'said fluid pressiue during drilling, (c) a processor for controlling drilling operations to maintain the BHA at a depth wherein a pressure measurement made by said p'PTWD is substantially at a specified value.
BRIEF bESCRIPTION OF THg pRA.W1NGS
[0017] For detailed understanding of the present invention, reference should be made to the follovving detailed descriptson of the preferred embodiment, taken is conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have been given like nurnerals and wherein:
Figure X is an illustration of a substant.ially horizontal borehole proximate to an oillwater contact in a reservoir, Figure 2 is an illustration of a substantially horizontal borehole proximate to a gas/oil contact in a reservoir, figure 3 shows a schematic diagrarn of a drilling system having a drill string that includes a scnsor system according to the present invention, Figure 4 illustrates differences between vertical fluid pressme gradients in different types of formation fluids and in a borehole, Figure 5 illustrates the problem of avoiding a shale lens in horizontal drillit-g, Figure 6 gives an example of a porosity or gamma ray log in proximity to a shale lens, Figure 7 shows a desired configuration of boreholes for field development, and Fiigare 8 shows an example of deployment of sensors in a pre-existing borehole in conjunction with a method for d.etertnining the location of a new borehole.
DESCRiP'I'lON OF THE PREFERRED E1V]iDUDIM)rNTS
[0018] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a drilling system 110 having a downhole assembly containing an acoustic sensor system and the surface devices according to one embodiment of present invention. As shown, the system 110 includes a conventional derrick 111 erected on a derrick floor 112 7a which supports a rotary table 114 that is rotated by a prime mover (not shown) at a desired rotational speed. A drill string 120 that includes a drill pipe section 122 extends downward from the rotary table 114 into a borehole 126. A drill bit 150 attached to the drill string downhole end disintegrates the geological formations when it is rotated. The drill string 120 is coupled to a drawworks 130 via a kelly joint 121, swive1118 and line 129 through a system of pulleys 127. During the drilling operations, the drawworks 130 is operated to control the weight on bit and the rate of penetration of the drill string 120 into the borehole 126. The operation of the drawworks is well known in the art and is thus not described in detail herein.
[0019] During drilling operations a suitable drilling fluid (commonly referred to in the art as "mud") 131 from a mud pit 132 is circulated under pressure through the drill string 120 by a mud pump 134. The drilling fluid 131 passes from the mud pump 134 into the drill string 120 via a desurger 136, fluid line 138 and the kelly joint 121. The drilling fluid is discharged at the borehole bottom 151 through an opening in the drill bit 150. The drilling fluid circulates uphole through the annular space 127 between the drill string 120 and the borehole and is discharged into the mud pit 132 via a return line 135. Preferably, a variety of sensors (not shown) are appropriately deployed on the surface according to known methods in the art to provide inforniation about various drilling-related parameters, such as fluid flow rate, weight on bit, hook load, etc.
[0020] A surface control unit 140 receives signals from the downhole sensors and devices via a sensor 143 placed in the fluid line 138 and processes such signals according to programmed instructions provided to the surface control unit. The surface control unit displays desired drilling parameters and other information on a display/monitor 142 which information is utilized by an operator to control the drilling operations. The surface control unit 140 contains a computer, memory for storing data, data recorder and other peripherals. The surface control unit 140 also includes models and processes data according to programmed instructions and responds to user commands entered through a suitable means, such as a keyboard. The control unit 140 is preferably adapted to activate alarms 144 when certain unsafe or undesirable operating conditions occur.
[0021] A drill motor or mud motor 155 coupled to the drill bit 150 via a drive shaft (not shown) disposed in a bearing assembly 157 rotates the drill bit 150 when the drilling fluid 131 is passed through the mud motor 155 under pressure.
The bearing assembly 157 supports the radial and axial forces of the drill bit, the downthrust of the drill motor and the reactive upward loading from the applied weight on bit. A stabilizer 158 coupled to the bearing assembly 157 acts as a centralizer for the lowermost portion of the mud motor assembly. The use of a motor is for illustrative purposes and is not a limitation to the scope of the invention.
[0022] In one embodiment of the system of present invention, the downhole subassembly 159 (also referred to as the bottomhole assembly or "BHA") which contains the various sensors and MWD devices to provide-information about the formation and downhole drilling parameters and the mud motor, is coupled between the drill bit 150 and the drill pipe 122. The downhole assembly 159 preferably is modular in construction, in that the various devices are interconnected sections so that the individual sections may be replaced when desired.
[0023] Still referring back to FIG. 3, the BHA also preferably contains sensors and devices in addition to the above-described sensors. Such devices include a device for measuring the formation resistivity near and/or in front of the drill bit, a gamma ray device for measuring the formation gamma ray intensity and devices for determining the inclination and azimuth of the drill string. The formation resistivity measuring device 164 is preferably coupled above the lower kick-off subassembly 162 that provides signals, from which resistivity of the formation near the drill bit 150 is determined. A multiple propagation resistivity device ("MPR") having one or more pairs of transmitting antennae 166a and 166b spaced from one or more pairs of receiving antennae 168a and 168b is used. Magnetic dipoles are employed which operate in the medium frequency and lower high frequency spectrum. In operation, the transmitted electromagnetic waves are perturbed as they propagate through the formation surrounding the resistivity device 164. The receiving antennae 168a and 168b detect the perturbed waves. Formation resistivity is derived from the phase and amplitude of the detected signals. The detected signals are processed by a downhole circuit or processor that is preferably placed in a housing 170 above the mud motor 155 and transmitted to the surface control unit 140 using a suitable telemetry system 172. In addition to or instead of the propagation resistivity device, a suitable induction logging device may be used to measure formation resistivity.
[0024] The inclinometer 174 and gamma ray device 176 are suitably placed along the resistivity measuring device 164 for respectively determining the inclination of the portion of the drill string near the drill bit 150 and the formation gamma ray intensity. Any suitable inclinometer and gamma ray device, however, may be utilized for the purposes of this invention. In addition, an azimuth device (not shown), such as a magnetometer or a gyroscopic device, may be utilized to determine the drill string azimuth. Such devices are known in the art and are, thus, not described in detail herein. In the above-described configuration, the mud motor 155 transfers power to the drill bit 150 via one or more hollow shafts that run through the resistivity measuring device 164. The hollow shaft enables the drilling fluid to pass from the mud motor 155 to the drill bit 150. In an alternate embodiment of the drill string 120, the mud motor 155 may be coupled below resistivity measuring device 164 or at any other suitable place.
10025j Tlae dn7l stFing contains a modula sepsoz assembly, a motor assembly and ldck off subs. In a preferred eanboflnuent, fhe sensor assembly iflcludes a resistivity device, gamma ray device and i clinometer, all ofwhicly are in a cornmon housing between the dr11 bit and tbe mud motnr. The dQwnbole sssemb]y of the present invention pxefembly includes a MVVD section 169 which coptains a nuclear formation porosity measuring device, a nuclear density deviee, an acoustic sensor system placed, and a formation testing system above the mud motor 164 in the housing 178 for pioviding irjfarmation usefiil for evaluating and testing subsurface fotmations along borehole 126. A downhole processor may iae used for px+ocessuag the data.
[0026) The formation testing appamxus comprises an apparatus such as tlaet disclosed is US Patent 6,157,893 to BergQr et al., having the same assignee as the pxesent invention. One feattu'e of the formation testing apparatus of Berger is that the testing apparatus is mounted on a non-rotatb~g skxwo. This DtakGS it posst'ttle io obtain samples of and meastrre propetdes af the fonuatiop fluid and uyeususe.
With a non-rotatxng sleave, it is posv'ble to obtain fluid samples during continued=zotation of the drillbit ('malQOg hole"}. However, this is not essential. It is poss9ble make axeasuremenis with a formation press= tester that- is not on a zton-rotat4ng sleeve w]ile not tdalang hole, e.g., during pau9es in driDing, pauses wln'1 sliding into or tripping out of the borehole.. For tlris season, the term "whx7e drilling" when used in the present application is iniended to cover tnaUng bole, making ineaaurements during pauses in drt}ling, sliding, or tripping. One specific property of the format.iom fluid tltat are of interest in the present invention are the pressure of the formation fluid.
of the formation testing apparatus are given in Berger et al. For convenience, this device or a simt7ar device is referred to hcmfter as a formation presstue testing wli-k dn7a,g tFPT WDj device.
100271 Au stternative xPx =WD better suited far the preseut inveatia is di$ciosed in US Patcut 6,478,095 to Jw,es d al. bavmg tlte sa~e assig~ea as ft present app2ication. One embodimeni of the Jams device iwcltMdes sa-cxtendable pad member ioz isolating a portiou of the faimatiom wal] and a paKt for witbatawing forzatinoa Wcd. A particular advaufage of the Janes devico is lhet it ctmlprises an inaremeutal drawdown system fhat siga5cantly reducxs the overall mcasurwmrt time, tbereby incsmsing dn7D4 efficierx.y and safoi3r.
1002$1 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the aconstic measuring system preferably includes a system such as that disclosed in US Patrw No. 6,084,826 to Leggetr et al, ]saving the same assignee as the present invention. As discussed in Leggetr et aj. the acoustic system imclncks the ability to rneasure acoustic velocities of the forn,ation as weII as a distaaoe Yo a reflecting bounda,y. Both of these features are relevant to one embodisient of the present inveniiciL
10029] Ofle featura of the deVice disclosed Yy,yLegge.& is the incorpaamtiem of mnltiplc segtnernted trusmitters imd reaeivers. Witb the use of multiple segmented transmitters and receivers, it is possible to direct acoustic eueugy io auy selected directiom and receive acoustic enargy fram my selected di=tim j00301 Using various combinations of tbe sensors avazab]e, the pi+esent . invention makes it poss'ble to achieve a nornber of difference objectiveL
7bee are discussed an tum.
(003X) OBJEC'TIVE 1: RFSERVOIRNAV]GATi0N 2-5 M ABOVT 07L-WATER CONTACT
There are two preferred methods of achieving this objective. One method relies on the methodology described in the Wu patent discussed above. A pilot hole is first drilled into the reservoir. The pilot hole is preferably a vertical or near vertical borehole in which resistivity measurements are made with either a MWD device or a wireline or slickline device. Next, it is desired to drill a deviated borehole at a selected depth proximate to the oil-water contact identified in the pilot well. Using the method described by Wu, the second hole includes a resistivity measuring device that makes measurements of resistivity as the borehole is being drilled. Based on the pilot hole measurements, modeling results may be generated for a desired trajectory of the deviated borehole and corrective action is taken to alter the drilling direction based on the MWD resistivity measurements. This method is described adequately in Wu and is not discussed further here. Propagation resistivity measurements may be used for the purpose. It is also to be noted that methods discussed below with reference to OBJECTIVE 2 may also be used.
This can be accomplished using the same principles as OBJECTIVE 1.
However, to do this, a deeper reading resistivity propagation tool is needed.
Alternatively, an induction logging tool may be used and the data interpreted using the method described in Tabarovsky. In the method of Tabarovsky, an induction logging tool is used in an inclined borehole for determining properties of subsurface formations formation away from the borehole. Measurements are made at a plurality of transmitter-receiver (T-R) distances. After correction of the data for skin effects and optionally correcting for eddy currents within the borehole, the shallow measurements (those from short T-R spacing or from high frequency data) are inverted to give a model of the near borehole (invaded zone resistivity and diameter) and the resistivity of the formation outside the invaded zone. Using this model, a prediction is made of the data measured by the mid-level and deep sensors (long T-R spacings). A discrepancy between these predicted values and the actual measurements made by the midlevel and deep sensors is indicative of additional layer boundaries in the proximity of the borehole. One such additional boundary would be the oil-water interface.
Based on measurements made with an induction logging tool, the drilling direction is controlled so as to maintain a desired value of resistivity measurements made thereby. It is to be noted that when the method of Tabarovsky is used with a MWD device, skin effect corrections may not be necessary and the induction measurements may be inverted directly to establish a distance to the oil-water contact. Such a deep reading resistivity tool would require relatively long transmitter-receiver distances and would also likely have to operate at relatively low frequencies (-20 kHz) where the noise levels would be high. Power requirements would also be high.
[0033] An alternate method in the present invention relies on the use of pressure measurements made with a device such as that of Berger et al or Jones et al.
The principle behind the method is illustrated in Fig. 4.
[0034] Depicted schematically is a borehole 205 with depth indicated by 201.
The fluid pressure within the borehole is indicated by the line 211. Also shown in Fig. 4 are a plurality of depths 207a, 207b . . 207n at which formation pressures are sampled using a device such as that disclosed in Berger or Jones.
For illustrative purposes, the formation 221 is shown as comprising a shale 223a at the top and bottom 223e with a reservoir interval including a gas zone 223b, an oil zone 223c, and a water zone 223d. Also shown are pressure measurements that would be made by a FPT-WD device of any of the types discussed above. As can be seen, the vertical pressure gradient 211 in the gas zone is less than the pressure gradient 213 in the water zone which, in turn, is less than the pressure gradient in the water zone 215 for reasons related to differences in density of the formation fluid. It should also be clear from Fig. 4 to those versed in the art why pressure measurements within the borehole itself are not indicative of fluid contacts within the formation: the pressure gradient within the borehole is substantially the hydrostatic gradient of a column of fluid above the measuring device.
[0035] Formation fluid pressure measurements are thus indicative of distance from the fluid contact. Many methods may be used to establish a reference fluid pressure 219 associated with a particular value of distance 217 above the oil-water contact. The first method is to drill a reference (pilot or vertical) hole into the formation and establish the pressures using pressure measurements in such a reference borehole. This distance may be obtained by actually drilling to the contact. Alternatively, the distance may be measured by using resistivity measurements without actually drilling to the contact. Once this pressure is determined, a deviated hole such as that denoted by 15 in Fig. 1 may be drilled, the formation pressure being measured at suitable intervals using a FPT-WD
device until the pressure reaches the reference value. Once this depth has been reached, drilling is continued with pressure measurements being made thereafter. Any deviation of the measured pressure from the reference pressure is then used to provide a correction to the drilling assembly. This is different from the method described by Edwards wherein drilling is continued at the same depth: due to hydrodynamic effects, it is not necessary that the oil-water contact be horizontal over the entire reservoir. In addition, in a complex reservoir, there may be multiple oil-water contacts in different zones and maintaining the same drilling depth would clearly be undesirable. The latter problem is discussed below. It should be noted that the reference pressure itself may change depending upon the position of the wellbore.
[0036] A second method is to use measurements from a propagation or induction resistivity tool on the drilling assembly until the oil-water contact is identified (with pressure measurements being made along the way). At this point, the borehole may be closer than desired to the oil-water contact; if so, the depth of the borehole is decreased until pressure measurements indicate that the desired distance from the oil-water contact has been reached. Subsequent drilling is continued with the formation fluid pressure being monitored to maintain the drilling depth.
[0037] A particular advantage of the FPT-WD device of Jones et al is the ability to make permeability measurements. Using these permeability measurements, the pressure measurements may be corrected for capillary pressure using known methods to give a more accurate determination of the formation fluid pressure.
In addition, if pressure measurements are taken at a plurality of azimuthal directions around the borehole, addition information is obtained about the capillary pressure.
[0038] The FPT-WD devices used in the present invention have a precision of lpsi (0.07 bar). While the accuracy of the pressure measurements is likely to worse, for the present invention, the precision is what counts for maintaining a fixed relative distance to an oil-water contact. The precision of 0.07 bar should make it possible to maintain drilling depth with a high level of accuracy.
This particular problem has been discussed above with reference to Fig. 2. Due to the relatively small difference in resistivity between oil and gas saturated formations, resistivity measurements are not particularly useful for maintaining a desired distance from a gas cap. However, there is a significant difference in the acoustic impedance of a gas saturated formation relative to an oil- or water-saturated formation. Determination of the distance from the borehole to the gas-oil interface may be determined using, for example, the method and apparatus disclosed in US Patents 6,088,294 and 6,084,826 ro Leggett et al and Legget respecrively, having the same assignee as the present invention.
These are referred to hereafter as the Ugget '294 and the Le=ett '826 patents.
SpecificaIIy, refercing to Fig. 2, the acoustic velocity of the formation is first deterrnine~ using one or more acoustic transmitters (denoted by 59) and one or more.acoustic receivers (denoted by 61). Once the acoustic velocity has been detennined, measured traveltlmes for acoustic signals that are generated by the transmitter 59, reflected by the gas-oil interface, and received by the receiver 61 are used to detezrnine a distance amd orientation of the gas-water intefface relative to the borehole. One exemplary reflected ray is shown in Fig.2. It is to be noted that the two Leggett patents use the term "bed-bobmdary" with refarenoe to a reflec#ing interface, but the method desc,nbed therein is equally applitable to any reflecting interface such as a gas-oil interface.
15 -[00401(3B7EG"fIVE 4: AVabID OR E.SCAIPE F1tOM A SAALE L2NS, 1Lefeminyg now to Mg. S. aad eocaaVle is shown of a dn7,lmg assembly 301 in a bon*hole (not shown) in an earth fasiaation 300. Llsht,g the method desenbed abova, the borehole is leiag drilled above a alwater oantact 301. .Also shown is the caprock 302 and ab exesnplary shale lens 305 vvidbia ifie ear&
formation 20 300. Such shale Ieoses oocar not ittfieqventiy ia+eardi foanations and if a borehole is dn7lad duough sneh a sbaie lens, ft portion of Ube twiehole witbira the shale lens is non-prodnctive and subartautailly nseless due to the low peimeability of the sbale. In such a siiaation, an azamutbal neuwm porosity or an azimuthal gamma my logging device on the ddU.mg assemb]y way be umd to 25 ai-aid tbe shale lens. Esamples of suah azunutbat gamma ssy and and denshy logging devices would be lmown to ihose versed 'ta the arL They iypioally havC
a depth ofpenetmtiott of 7- 20crn hto the ftmation mnratuxting a borehole.
An example of a. display from an azimudal gamma ray or ponusity tool is shown iu F'ig. 6. The displays 351 and 353 sbow an exemglary displays with 30 two different filters, while 353 is an interpm'ted plot of formatioii dips.
The images 351 and 353 both sha++v di,fficrences betweeu 6ae two halves of the images. This is imdicative of proxinnity to a shale lens. Appropriate conrective action can thus be taken.
[0041) As an altemative to a gamma ray or porosity logging tool, mees,*pments made with an azimutbal resis6vity tool (depth of invesi3gation 1-3 m) or sia azunuthai resiskiv'ity imaging tool (depth of investigation 3-10cm) may be used.
Qualilativel.y, thcy give displays that are similar to the example shown in M&
in the prox"vnity of a shale lens.
Anotbei objective that can be accomplisbed usiag the pxesent mvention as additionnl wells are dril3ed $t a resarvoir is itx-proving the know]edge ofthe geophysical stivcnwe of the subsurface and using this addiiional knowledge for looking ahead of the dzMbit. As additionat weDs are ctrilled, sehmmk receivera and or transmitters may be installed permaneutly in the drflled boreholes.
Various combinatioais of scisruic source.s at the smface, seismic sourmm and receivers on the dn7lipg tool may be nsed in coujtmction with peimandatly instai3ed seceivers in boreholes to irnprove ihe geopltysicaY model of the subsurface. Such methods are descrn"bed in US Patents 6065538, 6209640, 6253848 and 6302204 to Reimers et a], having the same assiguee as the present invention.
[00431 The use of acoustic sources and transmitters on a bottom holo assembly provides additional refinements to the metbod disclosed in the Reimers petetlts.
When used in conjunction with the bcd bouodaxy imaging capabiaities of Leggett 826 and Leggett '294, it is posmble to map tbe fault eoatigurntion of complex rescrvoirs since in most instances the faults will act as acoustic reftectoo[s. This objective does not necessarily require the use of the FPTWU
measurements. In addition, Vcrtica] Seisabic Profiles (VSPs) or reversc VSPs may be obtained: in the former, seismic sources are located at the surface and data are measured downhole, whereas in the latter, surface receivers measure signals from downhole sources. VSPs are obtainable using a receiver on the BHA with sources outside the borehole being drilled, while reverse VSPs are obtainable using a downhole source and receivers outside the borehole being drilled.
[0044] Particular types of bed boundaries that are of interest in horizontal drilling include hard calcite streaks and intrusives, both of which will give a strong acoustic reflection and can be imaged using the method of the present invention.
As noted above, in many instances it is desirable to drill a plurality of boreholes at a specified spacing for optimum field development in addition to the requirement of maintaining a specified distance from an fluid interface. This is illustrated schematically in the plan view of Fig. 7. Shown is a drilling platform 401 in which a first and second we11403, 405 have been drilled and a third well 407 is being drilled with the position of the drilling assembly being indicated by 409. There are a number of approaches that may be used to determine the offset between the borehole 407 and the borehole 405.
[0046] Turning now to Fig. 8, the method is described in more detail. After the first borehole 503 has been drilled, a plurality of acoustic receivers denoted by 513a, 513b ... 513m are installed in the borehole 503. An acoustic transmitter 511 on the drilling assembly 509 in the borehole 507 sends acoustic signals that are received in the acoustic receivers 513a, 513b ... 513m. There are several problems in determining the distance from the transmitter 511 to any of the receivers using measured travel times between the transmitter and the receiver.
On:e problem is ftt of detmmhimg the aeausiic velocity of ft ruedi= betvveen the transmitter and the receives. In ft pardcular case being adclressed hexe, if the reservoir is reasonably horaogenous, then rneam ren=ts af acoustic velocity made us~g'~8-e device ofLeggett caabe used to determine tbe acoostic velocity 5'at the borefiole 507. This velocity may then be used as the velocity for the tegioa between the boreholes 503 and 547_ Altemativaly, the velocity detemrined at boreb.ole 507 may be averaPd with a pn wiuusly deteamia"
velocity in borehole 507. suxtabXe i;nterpolaticm echesx-es may be nsed if thetti .
is a spafial variation in velocity.
[0047] A mom seaious problem is dat in order to measure travel trmes accurafely, tbeie must be aecuraic syncbzoniration beiwem the clock ofthe traasmitter 5'11 astd ibe clock of the teceivm. With a typioal acoustic velocity of 3lozds for ft foimafin , an error of Zms in &e olocks wffl give a distmve error of 6m. Mainiaining aa accnzacy of 2ms is d.iTicult in view of the widely varymg tempera'hz= to whicb a clock on a drilling assembxy is sub,jected.
[0048] In one embodiment of the iuvention, three companent gebpbones are used as the acoustic sensois. Usiug a no,etbnd ofhot3ogaphic analysis desern'bed in US Patent 5;170,377 to Mirnaui' et nl, having ft same assignae as ft ptesant application, it is possible to determine a direction of arrival for a raypath such as 521 from the acoustic transntitter 511 to the receiver 513a. By making additional direction measurements to a second receiver such as 513k, the intersection ofkhe two raypaths gives the location of the transmitter. Using measurements from additional rays to other receivers, a redimdant set of measurements may be obtained that eompensates for measwements errors.
Additionally, if the velocity field between the wells 405' and 407' is lmown, the caleulations can even account for ray bending.
[0049] In the method described by Manzur, three component geophones are necessary since the transmitter and the receiver are at different depths. For the present invention, wherein accurate depth control is maintained between the two boreholes using pressure measurements, it is sufficient to have two-component geophones that are responsive to motion in a horizontal plane.
[0050] An alternate method for determination of the direction of arrival of raypaths uses proximate pairs of single component geophones. Using a combination of, for example, 513a and 513b, knowing the acoustic velocity in the formation and the spacing between the two geophones, it is possible to determine a direction of arrival. Such a deterniined direction will have an -ambiguity between the left and right sides relative to a straight line joining the two receivers; this ambiguity is unimportant in the present case since the relative direction is known. Repeating the procedure with another matched pair of receivers such as 513k, 5131 then makes it possible to deterniine the location of the transmitter.
[0051] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the transmitter 511 can be eliminated and the drillbit itself is used as a seismic source. The methods described above with either at-least two two-component detectors or with at least two pairs of single component detectors would give the position of the drillbit.
[0052] In an alterna.te embodiment of the invention, pressure pulses are generated in preexisting boreholes, for example, by opening or closing valves between the feservoir and the interior of the preexisting boreholes, the positions of the valves being known. These pulsed pressure variations are detected by the FPTWD device in the BHA of the borehole being drilled. From the times at which these pressure pulses are detected, the distance from the borehole being drilled and the preexisting boreholes can be determined. When the pressure pulses are generated from only one preexisting borehole, the velocity of propagation of the pulses must be known in order to determine a distance from the preexisting borehole. When pressure pulses are generated in two preexisting boreholes, the position of the borehole being drilled can be determined from two traveltime measurements without knowledge of the velocity of propagation and by assuming lateral homogeneity of the reservoir and uniform velocities of propagation of the pulses.
Another objective that can be addressed by the method of the present invention is analysis of a complex mature reservoir having multiple target zones. If these multiple target zones comprise of distinct reservoirs, possible separated by faults, the individual reservoir zones may or may not be in communication with other parts of the reservoir that have already been produced. Measuring the formation pressure when such a zone is penetrated will immediately reveal if this zone has communication with another produced zone. If virgin formation pressure is measured, the zone forms a separate reservoir. If the formation pressure shows that this part of the reservoir is depleted, the zone may remain uncompleted and/or the well may be steered to another sone of interest.
[0054] The invention has been described above with reference to a drilling assembly conveyed on a drillstring. However, the method and apparatus of the invention may also be used with a drilling assembly conveyed on coiled tubing.
[0055] The foregoing description is directed to particular embodiments of the present invention for the purpose of illustration and explanation it will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that many modifications and changes to the embodiments set forth above are possible without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such modifications and changes.
Claims (32)
(a) using a bottom hole assembly (BHA) having a drillbit thereon for drilling a borehole;
(b) drilling said borehole to a first depth;
(c) making measurements of a fluid pressure using a formation pressure tester while drilling (FPTWD) on said BHA during further drilling of the borehole; and (d) altering a drilling direction of said borehole during said further drilling if a measured value of said fluid pressure differs from a predetermined value.
(i) making measurements with a resistivity device on the BHA and determining therefrom a distance to a fluid contact within said hydrocarbon reservoir, (ii) defining said predetermined value of said fluid pressure from said determined distance.
(i) making measurements with an acoustic device on the BHA and determining therefrom a distance to a fluid contact within said hydrocarbon reservoir, (ii) defining said predetermined value of said fluid pressure from said determined distance.
(A) a gas-oil contact, and (B) a gas-water contact.
using measurements from the at least one additional sensor for altering a drilling direction to avoid a shale lens.
(i) using an acoustic transmitter on the BHA for generating acoustic waves into said reservoir, (ii) using a plurality of acoustic receivers in a preexisting borehole for making measurements of said generated acoustic waves, (iii) determining a distance between said borehole and said preexisting borehole, and (iv) altering a drilling direction of said borehole so as to maintain a specified relation to said preexisting borehole.
(i) producing pressure pulses in a preexisting borehole in said reservoir at specified times, (ii) measuring an arrival time of said pressure pulses in said borehole using said FPTWD device and determining therefrom a distance from said preexisting borehole to said borehole, and (iii) altering a drilling direction of said borehole so as to maintain a specified relation to said preexisting borehole.
(i) producing first and second pressure pulses in a first and second preexisting borehole, (ii) determinint first and second arrival times for said first and second pressure pulses in said borehole, and (iii) altering a drilling direction of said borehole so as to maintain a specified relation to said first and second preexisting boreholes.
(a) a bottom hole assembly (BHA) having a drillbit thereon for drilling a borehole, (b) a formation pressure tester while drilling (FPTWD) on the BHA for determining a pressure of a fluid in said earth formation, said FPTWD
making measurements of said fluid pressure during drilling, (c) a processor for controlling drilling operations to maintain the BHA at a depth wherein a pressure measurement made by said FPTWD is substantially at a specified value.
a resistivity device on the BHA for making resistivity measurements and wherein said processor determines from said resistivity measurements a distance to a fluid contact within said hydrocarbon reservoir.
(i) an acoustic device on the BHA for making acoustic measurements indicative of a distance to a fluid contact within said hydrocarbon reservoir.
27. The system of claim 21 wherein said BHA further comprises at least one additional sensor selected from :(A) a gamma ray density sensor, (B) a neutron porosity sensor, (C) a resistivity imaging sensor, and, (D) a natural gamma ray sensor.
(i) an acoustic transmitter on the BHA for generating acoustic waves into said reservoir, (ii) a plurality of acoustic receivers in a preexisting borehole for making measurements of said generated acoustic waves.
(i) a source for producing pressure pulses in a preexisting borehole in said reservoir at specified times, wherein said processor determines from an arrival time of said pressure pulses a distance from said preexisting borehole to said borehole,
a first pressure source and a second pressure source for producing pressure pulses from a first and second preexisting borehole respectively;
wherein said processor determines from arrival times of said pulses from said first and second preexisting boreholes a distance of said borehole from said first and second preexisting boreholes.
Priority Applications (3)
|Application Number
|Priority Date
|Filing Date
|US42545202P true
|PCT/US2003/036052 WO2004044369A2 (en)
|Method for reservoir navigation using formation pressure testing measurement while drilling
Publications (2)
|Publication Number
|Publication Date
|CA2473317A1 CA2473317A1 (en)
|CA2473317C true CA2473317C (en)
Family Applications (1)
|Application Number
|Priority Date
|Filing Date
|CA 2473317 Active CA2473317C (en)
|Method for reservoir navigation using formation pressure testing measurement while drilling
Country Status (6)
|US7063174B2 (en)
|AU2003285204A1 (en)
|CA2473317C (en)
|GB2401891B (en)
|NO340727B1 (en)
|WO2004044369A2 (en)
Families Citing this family (41)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US7946356B2 (en) *
|National Oilwell Varco L.P.
|Systems and methods for monitored drilling
|US7180826B2 (en)
|Teledrill Inc.
|Measurement while drilling bi-directional pulser operating in a near laminar annular flow channel
|US7471088B2 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Elimination of the anisotropy effect in LWD azimuthal resistivity tool data
|US7209834B2 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for estimating distance to or from a geological target while drilling or logging
|US7367394B2 (en)
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Formation evaluation while drilling
|US20080087470A1 (en)
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Formation Evaluation While Drilling
|US8138943B2 (en)
|David John Kusko
|Measurement while drilling pulser with turbine power generation unit
|US7982464B2 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Drilling systems and methods using radial current flow for boundary detection or boundary distance estimation
|WO2008157366A2 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Imaging of formation structure ahead of the drill-bit
|US7818128B2 (en) *
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Forward models for gamma ray measurement analysis of subterranean formations
|US9086507B2 (en) *
|Westerngeco L.L.C.
|Determining characteristics of a subterranean body using pressure data and seismic data
|US8938363B2 (en)
|Westerngeco L.L.C.
|Active seismic monitoring of fracturing operations and determining characteristics of a subterranean body using pressure data and seismic data
|AU2008360702B2 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Automated log quality monitoring systems and methods
|US7967069B2 (en) *
|Westerngeco L.L.C.
|Active seismic monitoring of fracturing operations
|US9127543B2 (en)
|Westerngeco L.L.C.
|Active seismic monitoring of fracturing operations
|US9388635B2 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for controlling an orientable connection in a drilling assembly
|US8720572B2 (en)
|Teledrill, Inc.
|High pressure fast response sealing system for flow modulating devices
|US9063250B2 (en)
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Interference testing while drilling
|WO2011038170A2 (en)
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Downhole optical imaging tools and methods
|WO2011072135A2 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for borehole positioning
|US8818779B2 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|System and methods for real-time wellbore stability service
|US20110303418A1 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for reducing impact force in a ball-seat assembly
|BR112013007048A2 (en) *
|Baker Hugues Inc
|Well drilling apparatus and method of determining borehole using existing induction devices
|EP2616637A4 (en)
|Baker Hughes Inc
|Reservoir navigation using magnetic field of dc currents
|SG187720A1 (en)
|Halliburton Energy Serv Inc
|Micro-sonic density imaging while drilling systems and methods
|US9429014B2 (en)
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Formation fluid sample container apparatus
|US8678098B2 (en)
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Magnetically coupled actuation apparatus and method
|CN103492659B (en) *
|Method shale formations drilled lateral well systems and
|US9581267B2 (en)
|David John Kusko
|Hydroelectric control valve for remote locations
|BR112013030927A2 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services Inc
|systems and profiling methods azimuthal fragility
|CA2840057C (en)
|Groundmetrics, Inc.
|System and method to measure or generate an electrical field downhole
|EP2677116B1 (en) *
|Services Petroliers Schlumberger
|Method and apparatus to detect an oil/water contact
|WO2013184280A1 (en) *
|Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company
|Systems and methods for vertical depth control during extended-reach drilling operations
|AU2012391016B2 (en) *
|Landmark Graphics Corporation
|Self-guided geosteering assembly and method for optimizing well placement and quality
|US9399913B2 (en)
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Pump control for auxiliary fluid movement
|AU2014353871B2 (en)
|Minex Crc Ltd
|Borehole logging methods and apparatus
|WO2015113067A1 (en) *
|Schlumberger Canada Limited
|Workflow for navigation with respect to oil-water contact using deep directional resistivity measurements
|US20160123082A1 (en) *
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Method For Steering A Well Path Perpendicular To Vertical Fractures For Enhanced Production Efficiency
|RU2602249C1 (en) *
|Шлюмберже Текнолоджи Б.В.
|Method for determining characteristics of gas-oil transition zone in cased well
|US20170145804A1 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|System and method for mapping reservoir properties away from the wellbore
|RU2613364C1 (en) *
|Талгат Раисович Камалетдинов
|Method of drilling tool geological steering and its trajectory control, while wells drilling in the specified direction
Family Cites Families (9)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US5230386A (en)
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Method for drilling directional wells
|CA2209947C (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|A measurement-while-drilling acoustic system employing multiple, segmented transmitters and receivers
|US6157893A (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Modified formation testing apparatus and method
|US6464021B1 (en) *
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Equi-pressure geosteering
|US6296066B1 (en) *
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Well system
|US6308136B1 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Method of interpreting induction logs in horizontal wells
|US6478096B1 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Apparatus and method for formation testing while drilling with minimum system volume
|US6427530B1 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|Apparatus and method for formation testing while drilling using combined absolute and differential pressure measurement
|US6837314B2 (en) *
|Baker Hughes Incoporated
|Sub apparatus with exchangeable modules and associated method
- 2003-11-05 US US10/701,757 patent/US7063174B2/en active Active
- 2003-11-12 GB GB0416119A patent/GB2401891B/en active Active
- 2003-11-12 AU AU2003285204A patent/AU2003285204A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-12 CA CA 2473317 patent/CA2473317C/en active Active
- 2003-11-12 WO PCT/US2003/036052 patent/WO2004044369A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-13 NO NO20043821A patent/NO340727B1/en unknown
Also Published As
|Publication number
|Publication date
|CA2473317A1 (en)
|GB2401891A (en)
|US20040245016A1 (en)
|WO2004044369B1 (en)
|WO2004044369A3 (en)
|GB2401891B (en)
|AU2003285204A1 (en)
|US7063174B2 (en)
|WO2004044369A2 (en)
|AU2003285204A8 (en)
|GB0416119D0 (en)
|NO340727B1 (en)
|NO20043821L (en)
Similar Documents
|Publication Date
|CA2550821C (en)
|System, method and apparatus for petrophysical and geophysical measurements at the drilling bit
|US6057784A (en)
|Apparatus and system for making at-bit measurements while drilling
|CA2362542C (en)
|Directional resistivity measurements for azimuthal proximity detection of bed boundaries
|EP1344091B1 (en)
|Rib-mounted logging-while-drilling (lwd) sensors
|US6427530B1 (en)
|Apparatus and method for formation testing while drilling using combined absolute and differential pressure measurement
|US8215384B2 (en)
|Bit based formation evaluation and drill bit and drill string analysis using an acoustic sensor
|US6896074B2 (en)
|System and method for installation and use of devices in microboreholes
|US4601353A (en)
|Method for drilling drainholes within producing zone
|EP1163540B1 (en)
|Borehole resistivity measurements with receiver arrays
|US5432699A (en)
|Motion compensation apparatus and method of gyroscopic instruments for determining heading of a borehole
|CA2398154C (en)
|Bed boundary detection and invasion profiling with uncompensated electromagnetic wave resistivity sensors
|US7046009B2 (en)
|Method for measuring transient electromagnetic components to perform deep geosteering while drilling
|CA2494144C (en)
|Measurement-while-drilling assembly using real-time toolface oriented measurements
|US7191850B2 (en)
|Formation dip geo-steering method
|US7359845B2 (en)
|Method and system for predictive stratigraphy images
|US7375530B2 (en)
|Method for signal enhancement in azimuthal propagation resistivity while drilling
|CA2342765C (en)
|Vertical seismic profiling in a drilling tool
|US6206108B1 (en)
|Drilling system with integrated bottom hole assembly
|US20130333879A1 (en)
|Method for Closed Loop Fracture Detection and Fracturing using Expansion and Sensing Apparatus
|US20050034917A1 (en)
|Apparatus and method for acoustic position logging ahead-of-the-bit
|US6088294A (en)
|Drilling system with an acoustic measurement-while-driving system for determining parameters of interest and controlling the drilling direction
|CA2786771C (en)
|Pressure release encoding system for communicating downhole information through a wellbore to a surface location
|RU2542026C2 (en)
|Method to determine features of beds, realisation of navigation of drilling trajectories and placement of wells with regard to underground drill wells
|US6839000B2 (en)
|Integrated, single collar measurement while drilling tool
|US6427124B1 (en)
|Semblance processing for an acoustic measurement-while-drilling system for imaging of formation boundaries
Legal Events
|Examination request


text:
The and the are pretty much neck-and-neck when it comes to sound quality, features, and versatility. I've never experienced a crash in relation to this program, and I've had probably seven or so instances of it on various drum channels. As time-honoured as both these compression techniques are in professional circles, their power has definite boundaries in practice. For drum bus I really like Waves H-Comp, Molot, or Major Tom. What are the best Waves plugins? It delivers a solid sound, but it's usually not the sound I'm looking for.
It pumps and heaves with the best of them, yet eases back into near transparency if necessary. Just an idea that I'm still working on myself. I just like the way it makes drums smack. Bottom-line The Boz Digital Labs +10db Compressor is a very capable mid-priced compressor plug-in that can easily handle most compression tasks. The benefit of course is that many of these digital plugins are available right away with convenient download options. This plugin has so many uses we could write an entire article about it! For other plug-ins of similar quality, you could easily spend a lot more.
Glue works well at blending the mix together. The tone type can be used to dial-in the style of compression. Compressors which emulate the workings of classic analogue devices will often do a lot more to the signal than manage its gain. Kramer Master Tape- for adding lo-fi life to drums 12. So, returning to our drum-loop example, you might use a high-frequency shelf to cut 12dB above 100Hz pre-compression, and restore the missing high end with a complementary 12dB shelving boost post-compressor. Some tracks are downright unusable—in which case you'll want to replace them with samples. Welcome to a new video this week.
Of course, we would be remiss in not mentioning the other plugins in the lineup, all of which are excellent in their own right. Official site page for and. When it comes to mixing, one of the many applications of multiband compressor is in vocals. Do not post pictures of text here, they will be removed. Well, compression could do any of these things, or none of them, depending on how you set the compressor up — hence all the confusion! For example, the majority of professional level bass amps have a built in compressor. And once you use this plugin, you might not make a song without it ever again.
With its ability to enhance the midrange, the plug-in could get equal action as a drum, bass, electric guitar, and even piano compressor. So in alphabetical order, this is my review of the best Waves plugins, including some thoughts on each. The ability to solo individual bands will also help you hear how the transients are affected by the attack and release settings. From the visuals which help monitor peaks to the ease of use, the Pro-C is up to just about any task. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Also included is extra sidechain support with a high pass filter, allowing for complex control of individual instruments.
The mark of a good plug-in is how easy it is to use even with a wealth of features. You can also use it to shape drum loops or attenuate the attack of any sound source. Room Mics Set the attack and release times to taste, and don't be afraid to experiment with the tone controls. Amongst the presets there are a lot of classic hardware units replicated too, which I especially like. What solo will do is allow you to listen in on a specific frequency band alone, to the exclusion of everything else.
The Distressor is very useful when you need to add more edge to a track. As I said, a medium-low ratio and a gentle hand will be the ticket to get you where you want to go. Link: Waves UltraPitch is a really interesting one. These compressors are arguably some of the most used tools by audio engineers on a daily basis. You can get the rich analog character to shine through even at more moderate settings. However, a host of new features have been added to the Ivor Drawmer-approved design, which means more control and better definition, with the same unmistakable Drawmer sound.
I would separate multi-band and full-band compressors into two different list as they are totally different in sound and application. I use it on every single mix I do, and usually on multiple occasions. Once you're confident being able to manipulate with the simple, I feel you can then hear and appreciate the differences between high end compressors. I just find that my method is a bit better than utilizing this plugin on all my drum channels. Posts should be made to inform or facilitate discussion. What you need to do is lower the ratio 1.
With these you can set the level where the compression begins to take effect, and the rate at which the compressor ceases to affect the signal. One of the best Waves plugins for vocals! Then reduce the threshold until you see activity on the gain-reduction meter for all but the softest hits. And this plugin can help you create the same effect. This is due to the relative savings in manufacturing costs and distribution. Next, we used the compressor to help control the dynamics of the snare and add a little snap while we're at it.


text:
A single point of access to ICO Market
Whether you're an ICO representative, an advisor, or just a crypto-enthusiast,you probably already know this: One of the best ways to find new useful contacts, investors, and even employees is by attending blockchain and ICO-conferences.
2017 was year of the ICO: $3.7 billion were raised through ICO-campaigns. Amazing, right?