text:
44 results
Right-wing Sebastián Piñera returns to power in Chile
- World
- December 18, 2017, 19:29
With his election on Sunday to a new term as president of Chile nearly four years after his first ended, Sebastián Piñera has confirmed South America'(...)
Free flights for children: the best holiday bargains this week
- Travel
- December 7, 2017, 12:00
Kids fly free If you book by December 15th with Clickandgo. com, families can avail of free flights for kids if travelling to Portugal's Algarve or th(...)
Dublin on National Geographic 'Places to Visit in 2018' list
- Ireland
- November 28, 2017, 13:00
Dublin has been included in National Geographic Traveller magazine's prestigious "2018 Best of the World" list. It is one of 21 cities to feature on t(...)
Fancy three nights in Portugal from €160?
- Travel
- October 5, 2017, 12:00
European two- and three-night breaks from €160pps October to December is the cheapest time of the year to take a break in Europe, for two or three ni(...)
Pedal-powering through the Pyrenees
- Europe
- July 8, 2017, 06:00
Awaking to your first fluorescent morning in the Pyrenees to the sinking terror that you may have missed your sole chance to ascend the Col du Tourmal(...)
Elton John cancels shows due to 'potentially deadly' infection
- Music
- April 25, 2017, 08:31
Sir Elton John has pulled out of a series of concerts in Las Vegas due to an "unusual bacterial infection" he contracted in South America, which left (...)
Florida shooting: Police returned seized gun to suspect last month
- January 8, 2017
Police in Alaska took a handgun from the man accused of killing five people at Fort Lauderdale's airport on Friday, but they returned it to him last (...)
Florida gunman had been 'unravelling' over past year
- January 8, 2017
Signs of Esteban Santiago's unravelling had mounted over the past year. But it was not until early November, when he walked into an FBI office carryin(...)
The Iraq war veteran accused of killing five people at Fort Lauderdale airport apparently chose to travel to Florida to carry out the rampage, and the(...)
Latin America's Schindler: a forgotten hero of the 20th century
- World
- December 18, 2016, 09:51
Just before 10am on New Year's Eve 1986, armed men arrived at the office of a small organisation for the resettlement of migrants, in Santiago, Chile(...)


text:
For people in a certain age group, it's no secret that there would be no Bone Thugs-N-Harmony without West Coast Hip Hop pioneer Eazy E, to whom they were signed to shortly before his death. With that in mind, Bizzy Bone--1/5 of Bone Thugs-N-Harmony--took the time out to pay tribute to his mentor in the […]
The Hip-Hop Digest Show Talk 'Square Biz' On This Week's Episode
Damon Wayans Jr & Kris Jones Speak On Their Special Guest App + More
The Hip-Hop Digest Show Ask 'Who Got The Props?'
The Hip-Hop Digest Show Wonders If There's 'Pandering In Shaolin'
The Hip-Hop Digest Show Ask 'Harriet "Dub"man? No More?'
The Hip-Hop Digest Show Ask 'Is Wu Tang's EP Something To Mess Wit??'
The Hip-Hop Digest Show - Go DJ, No, For Real…
The Hip-Hop Digest Show - How About Some Hardcore
The Hip-Hop Digest Show - Hold Up, Wait A Minute…
The Hip-Hop Digest Show feat. Ardamus - The Show Must Go On
Sean Grubbs-Robishaw Awarded Donkey Of The Day For Wanting Howard University To Move Campus After Students Complain About His Dog
Video: Drag-On - Part 28: Trump Edition (Freestyle)
3 Men & 1 Security Guard Throw Down In McDonald's
One man, wearing a white polo shirt, can be heard shouting 'let's go, let's go' after the store's security guard was hit with a 'wet floor' cone in the middle of the restaurant. An eyewitness caught the altercation at 4am on Easter Sunday when the group clashed on Commercial Road McDonald's in Strood, Kent. Three […]
MP3: Mandy Groves - That Bad
On Friday (4.19.2019), Mandy Groves returned with "That Bad"--the first single from her upcoming project BLAME (EP). A true triple threat, Mandy is well-known in Colorado as a dancer, singer, and commercial actress. As an actress her credits include Denver Zoo, Colorado Lottery, Bank of Colorado, Coors Light, Dunkin' Donuts, Dollar General, Mars Wrigley, and […]
Brandon Victor Dixon On Politics, Misguided Social Ideologies, Black Ownership, & More w/The Breakfast Club
Stream Your Old Droog's 'It Wasn't Even Close' Album
Executive produced by New Jersey emcee Mach-Hommy, Brooklyn emcee Your Old Droog drops his new album 'It Wasn't Even Close'. The 13-track effort includes production from Sadhu Gold, V Don, Theravada, Daringer, Evidence, Tha God Fahim, Nephew Hesh, Mono En Stereo, & Ohbliv as well as guest vocals from DOOM, Mach-Hommy, Lil Ugly Mane, Wiki, […]
Ball In The Family - Season 4, Episode 16
Video: Avrex feat. Guru, KrumbSnatcha, & Big Shug - Seasons Change [Dir. Myster DL]
"Rest in Peace Guru fly high king... It's literally my moment of truth I'ma make 'em pay, robin hood theory we call it jack-a-lot." —Avrex To mark the 9 year anniversary of his passing, Avrex features the Gangstarr Foundation's original members Guru and Big Shug on a classic redux. The VA, via MA, artist also […]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
vehicle.[2] The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which
combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. However other
mechanisms to capture and utilize energy are included.
1 Power
2 Vehicle type
o 2.1 Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles
o 2.2 Heavy vehicles
2.2.2 Cranes
2.2.5 Ships
2.2.6 Aircraft
3 Engine type
o 3.1 Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles
o 3.2 Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle (COREV)
o 3.3 Hybrid fuel (dual mode)
o 3.4 Fluid power hybrid
5 Environmental issues
o 5.1 Fuel consumption and emissions reductions
o 5.2 Hybrid vehicle emissions
o 5.3 Environmental impact of hybrid car battery
o 5.4 Raw materials increasing costs
7 Adoption rate
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Power sources for hybrid vehicles include:
Vehicle type
In a parallel hybrid bicycle human and motor power are mechanically coupled
at the pedal drive train or at the rear or the front wheel, e.g. using a hub motor, a
roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission
element. Human and motor torques are added together. Almost all manufactured
Motorized bicycles, Mopeds are of this type.[3]
In a series hybrid bicycle (SH) the user powers a generator using the pedals.
This is converted into electricity and can be fed directly to the motor giving a
chainless bicycle but also to charge a battery. The motor draws power from the
battery and must be able to deliver the full mechanical torque required because
none is available from the pedals. SH bicycles are commercially available,
because they are very simple in theory and manufacturing. [4]
The first known prototype and publication of an SH bicycle is by Augustus Kinzel (US
Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite [5] SH
lightweight vehicle which used power electronics allowing regenerative braking and
pedaling while stationary. In 1995 Thomas Muller designed a "Fahrrad mit
elektromagnetischem Antrieb" in his 1995 diploma thesis and built a functional vehicle.
In 1996 Jrg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built an
SH bicycle and in 1998 mounted the system onto a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP
1165188). In 1999 Harald Kutzke described his concept of the "active bicycle": the aim
is to approach the ideal bicycle weighing nothing and having no drag by electronic
compensation. Until 2005 Fuchs and colleagues built several prototype SH tricycles and
Heavy vehicles
Bus Rapid Transit of Metz, a diesel-electric hybrid driving system by Van Hool[7]
Hybrid power trains use diesel-electric or turbo-electric to power railway locomotives,
buses, heavy goods vehicles, mobile hydraulic machinery, and ships. Typically some
form of heat engine (usually diesel) drives an electric generator or hydraulic pump which
powers one or more electric or hydraulic motors. There are advantages in distributing
power through wires or pipes rather than mechanical elements especially when multiple
drivese.g. driven wheels or propellersare required. There is power lost in the double
conversion from typically diesel fuel to electricity to power an electric or hydraulic motor.
With large vehicles the advantages often outweigh the disadvantages especially as the
conversion losses typically decrease with size. With the exception of non-nuclear
submarines, presently there is no or relatively little secondary energy storage capacity
on most heavy vehicles, e.g. auxiliary batteries and hydraulic accumulatorsalthough
this is now changing. Submarines are one of the oldest widespread applications of
hybrid technology, running on diesel engines while surfaced and switching to battery
power when submerged. Both series-hybrid and parallel hybrid drivetrains were used in
the Second World War.
Rail transport
Main article: Hybrid train
utilize a large set of heavy duty long life (~10 yr) rechargeable lead acid (Pba) batteries
and 1000 to 2000 HP electric motors as the primary motive sources and a new clean
burning diesel generator (~160 Hp) for recharging the batteries that is used only as
needed. No power or fuel are wasted for idlingtypically 6085% of the time for these
type locomotives. It is unclear if dynamic braking (regenerative) power is recaptured for
reuse; but in principle it should be easily utilized.
Since these engines typical need extra weight for traction purposes anyway the battery
pack's weight is a negligible penalty. In addition the diesel generator and battery
package are normally built on an existing "retired" "yard" locomotive's frame for
significant additional cost savings. The existing motors and running gear are all rebuilt
and reused. Diesel fuel savings of 4060% and up to 80% pollution reductions are
claimed over that of a "typical" older switching/yard engine. The same advantages that
existing hybrid cars have for use with frequent starts and stops and idle periods apply to
typical switching yard use.[11] "Green Goat" locomotives have been purchased by
Canadian Pacific Railway, BNSF Railway, Kansas City Southern Railway, and Union
Pacific Railroad among others.
Railpower Technologies engineers working with TSI Terminal Systems are testing a
hybrid diesel electric power unit with battery storage for use in Rubber Tyred Gantry
(RTG) cranes. RTG cranes are typically used for loading and unloading shipping
containers onto trains or trucks in ports and container storage yards. The energy used
to lift the containers can be partially regained when they are lowered. Diesel fuel and
emission reductions of 5070% are predicted by Railpower engineers. [12] First systems
are expected to be operational in 2007.[13]
Road transport, commercial vehicles
trend, the tipping point may be reached by the end of 2015. [dated info] Advances in
technology and lowered battery cost and higher capacity etc. developed in the hybrid
car industry are already filtering into truck use as Toyota, Ford, GM and others introduce
hybrid pickups and SUVs. Kenworth Truck Company recently introduced a hybridelectric truck, called the Kenworth T270 Class 6 that for city usage seems to be
competitive.[15][16] FedEx and others are starting to invest in hybrid delivery type vehicles
particularly for city use where hybrid technology may pay off first. [17]
Military off-road vehicles
Since 1985, the U.S. military has been testing serial hybrid Humvees[18][19] and have
found them to deliver faster acceleration, a stealth mode with low thermal signature/
near silent operation, and greater fuel economy.
Ships with both mast-mounted sails and steam engines were an early form of hybrid
vehicle. Another example is the diesel-electric submarine. This runs on batteries when
submerged and the batteries can be re-charged by the diesel engine when the craft is
on the surface.
Newer hybrid ship-propulsion schemes include large towing kites manufactured by
companies such as SkySails. Towing kites can fly at heights several times higher than
the tallest ship masts, capturing stronger and steadier winds.
Taxiing and other ground operations of Boeing 737NGs will soon be done using hybrid
electric drives as WheelTug ground propulsion systems become available.[20][21] By using
the APU (powered by a turbine) to energize a Chorus electric motor mounted in the
landing gear for ground movement, aircraft will be operating in a hybrid configuration
where the main engines are used only for take off, landing, and flight.
Boeing 737800
The Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane has a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which is coupled to
a conventional propeller. The fuel cell provides all power for the cruise phase of flight.
During takeoff and climb, the flight segment that requires the most power, the system
draws on lightweight lithium-ion batteries.
The demonstrator aircraft is a Dimona motor glider, built by Diamond Aircraft Industries
of Austria, which also carried out structural modifications to the aircraft. With a wing
span of 16.3 meters (53.5 feet), the airplane will be able to cruise at about
Template:Convert/kim/h on power from the fuel cell.[22]
Hybrid FanWings have been designed. A FanWing is created by two engines with the
capability to autorotate and landing like a helicopter.[23]
Engine type
Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles
can be plugged into house (mains) electricity for charging, as well being charged while
the engine is running.
Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle (COREV)
Given suitable infrastructure, permissions and vehicles, BEVs can be recharged while
the user drives. The BEV establishes contact with an electrified rail, plate or overhead
wires on the highway via an attached conducting wheel or other similar mechanism (see
Conduit current collection). The BEV's batteries are recharged by this processon the
highwayand can then be used normally on other roads until the battery is discharged.
Some of battery-electric locomotives used for maintenance trains on the London
Underground are capable of this mode of operation. Power is picked up from the
electtrified rails where possible, switching to battery power where the electricity supply
is disconnected.
This provides the advantage, in principle, of virtually unrestricted highway range as long
as you stay where you have BEV infrastructure access. Since many destinations are
within 100 km of a major highway, this may reduce the need for expensive battery
systems. Unfortunately private use of the existing electrical system is nearly universally
The technology for such electrical infrastructure is old and, outside of some cities, is not
widely distributed (see Conduit current collection, trams, electric rail, trolleys, third rail).
Updating the required electrical and infrastructure costs can be funded, in principle, by
toll revenue, gasoline or other taxes.
Hybrid fuel (dual mode)
Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid with a flexible fuel capability to run on E85 (ethanol)
In addition to vehicles that use two or more different devices for propulsion, some also
consider vehicles that use distinct energy sources or input types ("fuels") using the
same engine to be hybrids, although to avoid confusion with hybrids as described above
and to use correctly the terms, these are perhaps more correctly described as dual
mode vehicles:
Some electric trolleybuses can switch between an on board diesel engine and
overhead electrical power depending on conditions (see dual mode bus). In
principle, this could be combined with a battery subsystem to create a true plugin hybrid trolleybus, although as of 2006, no such design seems to have been
Flexible-fuel vehicles can use a mixture of input fuels mixed in one tank
typically gasoline and ethanol, or methanol, or biobutanol.
Bi-fuel vehicle:Liquified petroleum gas and natural gas are very different from
petroleum or diesel and cannot be used in the same tanks, so it would be
impossible to build an (LPG or NG) flexible fuel system. Instead vehicles are built
with two, parallel, fuel systems feeding one engine. For example Chevys
Silverado 2500 HD, which is now on the road, can effortlessly switch between
petroleum and natural gas, and offers a range of over 650 miles. [26] While the
duplicated tanks cost space in some applications, the increased range,
decreased cost of fuel and flexibility where (LPG or NG) infrastructure is
incomplete may be a significant incentive to purchase. While the U.S. Natural
gas infrastructure is partially incomplete, it is increasing at a fast pace, and
already has 2600 CNG stations in place.[27] With a growing fueling station
infrastructure, a large scale adoption of these bi-fuel vehicles could be seen in
the near future. Rising gas prices may also push consumers to purchase these
vehicles. When gas prices trade around $4.00, the price per MMBTU of gasoline
is $28.00, compared to natural gas's $4.00 per MMBTU. [28] On a per unit of
energy comparative basis, this makes natural gas much cheaper than gasoline.
All of these factors are making CNG-Gasoline bi-fuel vehicles very attractive.
Some vehicles have been modified to use another fuel source if it is available,
such as cars modified to run on autogas (LPG) and diesels modified to run on
waste vegetable oil that has not been processed into biodiesel.
Petro-hydraulic hybrid
Petro-hydraulic configurations have been common in trains and heavy vehicles for
decades. The auto industry recently focused on this hybrid configuration as it now
shows promise for introduction into smaller vehicles.
In petro-hydraulic hybrids, the energy recovery rate is high and therefore the system is
more efficient than battery charged hybrids using the current battery technology,
demonstrating a 60% to 70% increase in energy economy in U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) testing.[33] The charging engine needs only to be sized for
average usage with acceleration bursts using the stored energy in the hydraulic
accumulator, which is charged when in low energy demanding vehicle operation. The
charging engine runs at optimum speed and load for efficiency and longevity. Under
tests undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a hydraulic hybrid
Ford Expedition returned 32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg-imp) City, and
22 miles per US gallon (11 L/100 km; 26 mpg-imp) highway.[34][35] UPS currently has two
trucks in service with this technology.[36]
Although petro-hybrid technology has been known for decades, and used in trains and
very large construction vehicles, heavy costs of the equipment precluded the systems
from lighter trucks and cars. In the modern sense an experiment proved the viability of
small petro-hybrid road vehicles in 1978. A group of students at Minneapolis,
Minnesota's Hennepin Vocational Technical Center, converted a Volkswagen Beetle car
to run as a petro-hydraulic hybrid using off-the shelf components. A car rated at 32mpg
was returning 75mpg with the 60HP engine replaced by 16HP engine. The experimental
car reached 70 mph.[37]
In the 1990s, a team of engineers working at EPAs National Vehicle and Fuel
Emissions Laboratory succeeded in developing a revolutionary type of petro-hydraulic
hybrid powertrain that would propel a typical American sedan car. The test car achieved
over 80 mpg on combined EPA city/highway driving cycles. Acceleration was 0-60 mph
in 8 seconds, using a 1.9 liter diesel engine. No lightweight materials were used.The
EPA estimated that produced in high volumes the hydraulic components would add only
$700 to the base cost of the vehicle. [35]
While the petro-hydraulic system has faster and more efficient charge/discharge cycling
and is cheaper than petro-electric hybrids, the accumulator size dictates total energy
storage capacity and may require more space than a battery set.
Research is underway in large corporations and small companies. Focus has now
switched to smaller vehicles. The system components were expensive which precluded
installation in smaller trucks and cars. A drawback was that the power driving motors
were not efficient enough at part load. A British company (Artemis Intelligent Power) has
made a breakthrough by introducing an electronically controlled hydraulic motor/pump,
the Digital Displacement motor/pump, that is highly efficient at all speed ranges and
loads, making small applications of petro-hydraulic hybrids feasible. [38] The company
converted a BMW car as a test bed to prove viability. The BMW 530i, gave double the
mpg in city driving compared to the standard car. This test was using the standard
3,000cc engine. Petro-hydraulic hybrids using well sized accumulators entails
downsizing an engine to average power usage, not peak power usage. Peak power is
provided by the energy stored in the accumulator. A smaller more efficient constant
speed engine reduces weight and liberates space for a larger accumulator.[39]
Sebuah perusahaan Inggris (Artemis Cerdas Daya) telah membuat terobosan dengan
memperkenalkan motor hidrolik / pompa, Digital Pemindahan bermotor / pompa, yang
sangat efisien di semua rentang kecepatan dan beban dikontrol secara elektronik,
membuat aplikasi kecil hibrida petro-hidrolik layak. Petro-hydraulic hybrids using well
sized accumulators entails downsizing an engine to average power usage, not peak
power usage. Peak power is provided by the energy stored in the accumulator. A
smaller more efficient constant speed engine reduces weight and liberates space for a
larger accumulator.[39]
Hibrida petro-hidrolik menggunakan akumulator baik ukuran memerlukan perampingan
mesin untuk penggunaan daya rata-rata, bukan penggunaan daya puncak. Puncak
daya disediakan oleh energi yang tersimpan dalam akumulator. Sebuah mesin
kecepatan konstan lebih efisien yang lebih kecil mengurangi berat dan ruang
memerdekakan untuk akumulator lebih besar. [39]
Another form of hybrid vehicle are human power-electric vehicles. These include such
vehicles as the Sinclair C5, Twike, electric bicycles, and electric skateboards.
Hybrid vehicle power train configurations
Main articles: Hybrid vehicle drivetrains and Micro HEV
Parallel hybrid
internal combustion engine is open while the clutch to the gear box is engaged. While in
combustion mode the engine and motor run at the same speed.
Dalam sebuah kendaraan hibrida paralel, motor listrik tunggal dan mesin pembakaran
internal yang dipasang sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka dapat daya kendaraan baik
secara individu atau bersama-sama. Berbeda dengan konfigurasi daya split biasanya
hanya satu motor listrik terpasang. Paling umum mesin pembakaran internal, motor
listrik dan gear box yang digabungkan dengan cengkeraman dikendalikan secara
otomatis. Untuk penggerak listrik kopling antara mesin pembakaran internal terbuka
sedangkan kopling ke gear box bergerak. Sedangkan dalam modus pembakaran mesin
dan motor berjalan pada kecepatan yang sama.
The first mass production parallel hybrid sold outside Japan was the 1st generation
Honda Insight.
Mild parallel hybrid
These types use a generally compact electric motor (usually <20 kW) to provide autostop/start features and to provide extra power assist [49] during the acceleration, and to
generate on the deceleration phase (aka regenerative braking).
On-road examples include Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda Insight 2nd generation, Honda
CR-Z, Honda Accord Hybrid, Mercedes Benz S400 BlueHYBRID, BMW 7-Series
hybrids, General Motors BAS Hybrids, and Smart fortwo with micro hybrid drive.
Power-split or series-parallel hybrid
Passenger car installations include Toyota Prius, Ford Escape and Fusion, as well as
Lexus RX400h, RX450h, GS450h, LS600h, and CT200h.
In a power-split hybrid electric drive train there are two motors: an electric motor and an
internal combustion engine. The power from these two motors can be shared to drive
the wheels via a power splitter, which is a simple planetary gear set. The ratio can be
from 0100% for the combustion engine, or 0100% for the electric motor, or anything
in between, such as 40% for the electric motor and 60% for the combustion engine. The
electric motor can act as a generator charging the batteries.
Modern versions such as the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive have a second electric
motor/generator on the output shaft (connected to the wheels). In cooperation with the
"primary" motor/generator and the mechanical power-split this provides a continuously
variable transmission.
On the open road, the primary power source is the internal combustion engine. When
maximum power is required, for example to overtake, the electric motor is used to
assist. This increases the available power for a short period, giving the effect of having a
larger engine than actually installed. In most applications, the engine is switched off
when the car is slow or stationary reducing curbside emissions.
Series hybrid
Chevrolet Volt, a series plug-in hybrid, also called extended range electric vehicle
A series- or serial-hybrid vehicle has also been referred to as an extended range
electric vehicle or range-extended electric vehicle (EREV/REEV); however, range
extension can be accomplished with either series or parallel hybrid layouts.
Series-hybrid vehicles are driven by the electric motor with no mechanical connection to
the engine. Instead there is an engine tuned for running a generator when the battery
pack energy supply isn't sufficient for demands.
This arrangement is not new, being common in diesel-electric locomotives and ships.
Ferdinand Porsche used this setup in the early 20th century in racing cars, effectively
inventing the series-hybrid arrangement. Porsche named the arrangement "System
Mixt". A wheel hub motor arrangement, with a motor in each of the two front wheels was
used, setting speed records. This arrangement was sometimes referred to as an electric
transmission, as the electric generator and driving motor replaced a mechanical
transmission. The vehicle could not move unless the internal combustion engine was
The setup has never proved to be suitable for production cars, however it is currently
being revisited by several manufacturers.
In 1997 Toyota released the first series-hybrid bus sold in Japan. [50] GM introduced the
Chevy Volt series plug-in hybrid in 2010, aiming for an all-electric range of 40 mi
(64 km),[51] and a price tag of around US$40,000. [52] Supercapacitors combined with a
lithium ion battery bank have been used by AFS Trinity in a converted Saturn Vue SUV
vehicle. Using supercapacitors they claim up to 150 mpg in a series-hybrid
The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid has an all-electric range of 11 mi (18 km).
The Ford Fusion Energi is a plug-in hybrid with an all-electric range of 21 mi (34 km).
Main article: Plug-in hybrid
See also: Plug-in electric vehicle
Another subtype of hybrid vehicles is the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The
plug-in hybrid is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased
energy storage capacity, usually through a li-ion battery, with allows the vehicle to drive
on all-electric mode a distance that depends on the battery size and its mechanical
layout (series or parallel). It may be connected to mains electricity supply at the end of
the journey to avoid charging using the on-board internal combustion engine. [54][55]
This concept is attractive to those seeking to minimize on-road emissions by avoiding
or at least minimizing the use of ICE during daily driving. As with pure electric
vehicles, the total emissions saving, for example in CO 2 terms, is dependent upon the
energy source of the electricity generating company.
For some users, this type of vehicle may also be financially attractive so long as the
electrical energy being used is cheaper than the petrol/diesel that they would have
otherwise used. Current tax systems in many European countries use mineral oil
taxation as a major income source. This is generally not the case for electricity, which is
taxed uniformly for the domestic customer, however that person uses it. Some electricity
suppliers also offer price benefits for off-peak night users, which may further increase
the attractiveness of the plug-in option for commuters and urban motorists.
Fuel cell, electric hybrid
The fuel cell hybrid is generally an electric vehicle equipped with a fuel cell. The fuel cell
as well as the electric battery are both power sources, making the vehicle a hybrid. Fuel
cells use hydrogen as a fuel and power the electric battery when it is depleted. The
Chevrolet Equinox FCEV, Ford Edge Hyseries Drive and Honda FCX are examples of a
fuel cell/electric hybrid.
Road safety for cyclists, pedestrians
The 2011 Nissan Leaf was the first plug-in electric car equipped with Nissan's Vehicle
Sound for Pedestrians.
Main article: Electric vehicle warning sounds
A 2009 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report examined hybrid electric
vehicle accidents that involved pedestrians and cyclists and compared them to
accidents involving internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The findings showed
that, in certain road situations, HEVs are more dangerous for those on foot or bicycle.
For accidents where a vehicle was slowing or stopping, backing up, entering or leaving
a parking space (when the sound difference between HEVs and ICEVs is most
pronounced), HEVs were twice as likely to be involved in a pedestrian crash than
ICEVs. For crashes involving cyclists or pedestrians, there was a higher incident rate for
HEVs than ICEVs when a vehicle was turning a corner. But there was no statistically
significant difference between the types of vehicles when they were driving straight. [56]
Several automakers developed electric vehicle warning sounds designed to alert
pedestrians to the presence of electric drive vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicle,
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and all-electric vehicles (EVs) travelling at low speeds.
Their purpose is to make pedestrians, cyclists, the blind, and others aware of the
vehicle's presence while operating in all-electric mode.[57][58][59][60]
Vehicles in the market with such safety devices include the Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt,
Fisker Karma, Honda FCX Clarity, Nissan Fuga Hybrid/Infiniti M35, Hyundai Sonata
Hybrid, 2012 Honda Fit EV, the 2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid, 2012 Lexus CT200h, and
all Prius family cars recently introduced, including the standard 2012 model year Prius,
the Toyota Prius v, and the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid.
Environmental issues
Fuel consumption and emissions reductions
The hybrid vehicle typically achieves greater fuel economy and lower emissions than
conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), resulting in fewer emissions
being generated. These savings are primarily achieved by three elements of a typical
hybrid design:
1. relying on both the engine and the electric motors for peak power needs,
resulting in a smaller engine sized more for average usage rather than peak
power usage. A smaller engine can have less internal losses and lower weight.
2. having significant battery storage capacity to store and reuse recaptured energy,
especially in stop-and-go traffic typical of the city driving cycle.
3. recapturing significant amounts of energy during braking that are normally
wasted as heat. This regenerative braking reduces vehicle speed by converting
some of its kinetic energy into electricity, depending upon the power rating of the
Other techniques that are not necessarily 'hybrid' features, but that are frequently found
on hybrid vehicles include:
1. using Atkinson cycle engines instead of Otto cycle engines for improved fuel
2. shutting down the engine during traffic stops or while coasting or during other idle
3. improving aerodynamics; (part of the reason that SUVs get such bad fuel
economy is the drag on the car. A box shaped car or truck has to exert more
force to move through the air causing more stress on the engine making it work
harder). Improving the shape and aerodynamics of a car is a good way to help
better the fuel economy and also improve handling at the same time.
4. using low rolling resistance tires (tires were often made to give a quiet, smooth
ride, high grip, etc., but efficiency was a lower priority). Tires cause mechanical
drag, once again making the engine work harder, consuming more fuel. Hybrid
cars may use special tires that are more inflated than regular tires and stiffer or
by choice of carcass structure and rubber compound have lower rolling
resistance while retaining acceptable grip, and so improving fuel economy
whatever the power source.
5. powering the a/c, power steering, and other auxiliary pumps electrically as and
when needed ; this reduces mechanical losses when compared with driving them
continuously with traditional engine belts.
These features make a hybrid vehicle particularly efficient for city traffic where there are
frequent stops, coasting and idling periods. In addition noise emissions are reduced,
The toxicity levels and environmental impact of nickel metal hydride batteriesthe type
currently used in hybridsare much lower than batteries like lead acid or nickel
cadmium.[63] In general various soluble and insoluble nickel compounds, such as nickel
chloride and nickel oxide, have known carcinogenic effects in chick embryos and rats. [64]
The main nickel compound in NiMH batteries is nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH),
which is used as the positive electrode.
The Lithium-ion battery has attracted attention due to its potential for use in hybrid
electric vehicles. Hitachi is a leader in its development. In addition to its smaller size and
lighter weight, lithium-ion batteries deliver performance that helps to protect the
environment with features such as improved charge efficiency without memory effect.
The lithium-ion batteries are appealing because they have the highest energy density of
any rechargeable batteries and can produce a voltage more than three times that of
nickelmetal hydride battery cell while simultaneously storing large quantities of
electricity as well. The batteries also produce higher output (boosting vehicle power),
higher efficiency (avoiding wasteful use of electricity), and provides excellent durability,
compared with the life of the battery being roughly equivalent to the life of the vehicle.
Additionally, use of lithium-ion batteries reduces the overall weight of the vehicle and
also achieves improved fuel economy of 30% better than petro-powered vehicles with a
consequent reduction in CO2 emissions helping to prevent global warming. [67]
Raw materials increasing costs
There is an impending increase in the costs of many rare materials used in the
manufacture of hybrid cars.[68] For example, the rare earth element dysprosium is
required to fabricate many of the advanced electric motors and battery systems in
hybrid propulsion systems.[68][69] Neodymium is another rare earth metal which is a
crucial ingredient in high-strength magnets that are found in permanent magnet electric
Nearly all the rare earth elements in the world come from China,[71] and many analysts
believe that an overall increase in Chinese electronics manufacturing will consume this
entire supply by 2012.[68] In addition, export quotas on Chinese rare earth elements have
resulted in an unknown amount of supply.[69][72]
A few non-Chinese sources such as the advanced Hoidas Lake project in northern
Canada as well as Mount Weld in Australia are currently under development; [72]
however, the barriers to entry are high[73] and require years to go online.
Alternative green vehicles
Main article: Green vehicle#Types
Other types of green vehicles include other vehicles that go fully or partly on alternative
energy sources than fossil fuel. Another option is to use alternative fuel composition (i.e.
biofuels) in conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles, making them go partly on renewable
energy sources.
Other approaches include personal rapid transit, a public transportation concept that
offers automated on-demand non-stop transportation, on a network of specially built
Adoption rate
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No
cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this section if you can.
(September 2010)
While the adoption rate for hybrids in the U.S. is small today (2.2% of new car sales in
2011),[74] this compares with a 17.1% share of new car sales in Japan in 2011, [75] and it
has to potential to be very large over time as more models are offered and incremental
costs decline due to learning and scale benefits. However, forecasts vary widely. For
instance, Bob Lutz, a long-time skeptic of hybrids, indicated he expects hybrids "will
never comprise more than 10% of the U.S. auto market." [76] Other sources also expect
hybrid penetration rates in the U.S. will remain under 10% for many years. [77][78][79]
More optimistic views include predictions that hybrids would dominate new car sales in
the U.S. and elsewhere over the next 10 to 20 years. [80] Another approach examines the
penetration rates (or S-curves) of four analogs (historical and current) to hybrid and
electrical vehicles in an attempt to gauge how quickly the vehicle stock could be
hybridized and/or electrified in the United States. The analogs are (1) the electric motors
in U.S. factories in the early 20th century, (2) diesel electric locomotives on U.S.
railways in the 19201945 period, (3) a range of new automotive features/technologies
introduced in the U.S. over the past fifty years, and 4) e-bike purchases in China over
the past few years. These analogs collectively suggest it would take at least 30 years
for hybrid and electric vehicles to capture 80% of the U.S. passenger vehicle stock. [81]
See also
Energy portal
Ecology portal
Sustainable development portal
Alternative propulsion
Bivalent (engine)
Electric vehicle
Global warming
Hybrid locomotive
Multifuel stove
Plug-in hybrid
Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle
comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents
wasted energy from idling.
For fuel economy information on these vehicles, please visit the Compare Side-by-Side
MotorWeek Videos
MotorWeek segments provided by Maryland Public Television
Go to page 1
Go to page 2
membaik bahan bakar, meningkatkan kekuatan, atau daya tambahan tambahan untuk
perangkat elektronik dan alat-alat listrik.
Beberapa teknologi canggih yang biasanya digunakan oleh hibrida meliputi
Regenerative Braking. Motor listrik berlaku perlawanan terhadap drivetrain
menyebabkan roda untuk memperlambat. Sebagai imbalannya, energi dari roda
ternyata motor, yang berfungsi sebagai generator, mengubah energi biasanya terbuang
saat pengereman dan meluncur menjadi listrik, yang disimpan dalam baterai sampai
dibutuhkan oleh motor listrik.
Motor Listrik drive / Assist. Motor listrik memberikan daya tambahan untuk membantu
mesin dalam mempercepat, melewati, atau mendaki bukit. Hal ini memungkinkan mesin
yang lebih kecil, lebih efisien untuk digunakan. Pada beberapa kendaraan, motor
sendiri menyediakan daya untuk kondisi mengemudi kecepatan rendah dimana mesin
pembakaran internal yang paling tidak efisien.
Start / Sakelar otomatis. Secara otomatis mematikan mesin ketika kendaraan datang
untuk berhenti dan restart ketika pedal gas ditekan. Hal ini untuk mencegah energi yang
terbuang dari pemalasan.


text:
|garden deli 8660 Purdue Rd., INDIANAPOLIS IN, 4626 Posted on 3/19/2017
|We provide the fresh, healthy salad, hot dog and wrap. We cater.
|Abe Fisher Posted on 3/13/2017
|Among the finest venues for dining in Hawai'i, 'ULU Ocean Grill + Sushi Lounge is a breathtaking oceanfront fish and seafood restaurant on Hawai'i Island's Kona-Kohala Coast. The culinary team keeps t
|Bottega Restaurant Posted on 3/19/2017
|Bottega dining room presents a warm, sophisticated atmosphere with a classical limestone façade, arched portico, leather banquettes to sink into, lofted seventeen foot ceilings, elegant white marble a
|Redeye Grill Posted on 3/18/2017
|Redeye Grill is an updated classic American restaurant. The warm tones, polished nickel and leather, along with our original Red Grooms artwork creates a sophisticated, timeless and comfortable atmosp
|Latour Posted on 3/18/2017
|Welcome to Chef-Owner Michael Latour's fabulous French-American Cuisine Restaurant! Latour's is known as a refreshing innovation on the restaurant scene ... a place to sample a type and quality of cui


text:
- Hooks & Hangers
- Boot Racks
- Coasters
- Kitchen Products
- For the Desk
- Key Fobs
- Puppy Guards
- Signs & Plaques
- Wall Art
- Wine Racks
- Novelty Signs
Elf Sitting Down Fence Topper FTELFSD01 Steel Images
Brand: Steel Images
Product Code:
Availability: In Stock
Product Code:
Availability: In Stock
Weight: 0.400 kg
Width: 175 mm
Height: 250 mm
Width: 175 mm
Height: 250 mm
Elf Sitting Down Fence Topper
Fence Topper
This Attractive Little Elf fits neatly on a fence or post. A great gift for all Elf & Fairy lovers.
- 2mm Mild Steel
- Powder Coated
- Variety Of Colours available
- Comes in Black as standard
- Sitting Elf Design
- Suitable for use indoors & out
- 100's Of Designs Available
Designed and made in the UK by Steel Images


text:
Here you may pray: first ring the bell, throw a coin before the altar as on offering 5 yen coins are considered lucky , clap three times to summon the kami, then clasp your hands together to pray. ඊට පස්සේ මේ දෙන්න තමන්ගේ පරණ ජීවිතය ආපහු ගන්න උත්සහ කරන අතරේම එයාලට අනෙකා වගේ පෙනී සිටින්නත් සිද්ධ වෙලා. Program Name Descriptions Moviesubtitles has the biggest advantage of offering many languages for movies subtitles. Whether you want to book tickets for the most current movies or advance book for the upcoming biggies such as or , we give you options for both. It handles tasks like removal of the subtitles, translation, adding subtitles and re-syncing where necessary. In addition to these exports, 1000s of U. This website is ideal for English speakers since the subtitles found here are in English language only.
Well, probably the main justification is that this is simply how the written language happened to evolve. While the cultures of these Asian countries do differ, Asian cultures together share many similarities that differentiate them from Western ways and norms. . Of course, when context is insufficient or missing, then one can resolve ambiguity by rephrasing or clarifying. Little does he realize the danger he has put himself in.
Although this is a Dutch website, you can still find some movie subtitles. Check out all the current movies and book your tickets then and there. To appreciate a shrine, do as the Japanese do. Top 25 Sites to Download Subtitles Where can I download subtitles? New Bollywood Movies Are you that true-blue Hindi movie fiend who is obsessed with everything about Bollywood? You will be lucky to use this program because it is professional enough to ensure the quality of your video is not watered down. This is quite simple for adding subtitle to video. In contrast, there are several thousands of kanji characters. The content and images used on this site are copyright protected and copyrights vests with the respective owners.
මම ගොඩක්ම බලන්න කැමති කොමඩි මූවීස්. Subtitles are categorized according to Top 100 subtitles, top 100 series subtitles, latest subtitles and recent subtitles. In total, it has 317,216 movie subtitles in over 24 languages. Consequently Shinto principles can be seen throughout Japanese culture where nature and the turning of the seasons are cherished. There are times when the downloaded video subtitles fail to play. It is a subtitle editor and deals with subtitles based on text.
That makes it easy for you to choose the best subtitles to download. Arrive at the event and walk in without waiting in the queue. Top Subtitle players Program Name Descriptions This is a subtitle player that is well compatible with a wide variety of formats. Japanese-speakers are the Internet's 3rd largest language group. Depending on who you choose in your search for the top auto insurance companies, you may face yet another decision: Should you do business with an insurance agent or should you deal with the company directly online? Once you have found the subtitle, you can then download it in the language that you want. Its biggest advantage is that you can convert files directly as well as edit movies without experiencing challenges. Lucky charms Luck, fate and superstition are important to the Japanese.
Then Dinamina Jobs website is the best place to find a good job vacancies and advertisements. Therefore you can check the subtitles reviews and get yourself the best movie subtitle. Tax dodging or money laundering are, according to some, par for the course. New Hollywood Movies Language is not a barrier at BookMyShow. However, if you can prove you are not a risk by keeping accident-free and storing your car safely, you will pay much less. Unlike in the West, religion in Japan is rarely preached, nor is it a doctrine.
SubMagic This is a software program that can multitask with ease. දවසක් මේ දෙන්න රෑක සෙට්වෙලා බීල වැඩිවෙලා මැජික් උල්පතකට චූ දානවා. This software will be good for extracting subtitles and its unique features say it all. Japanese matsuri are festivals connected to shrines. He sets out to find his former girlfriend, and tracks her down to Banshee, Pennsylvania, a small, peaceful-looking Amish town. This fascination probably sprang from a childhood love of codes and ciphers.
This is an easy-to-use converter for video file formats. Understanding the Japanese work ethic, their business etiquette, and knowing which cultural faux pas to avoid can often make or break an important business deal. These characters have a simple, graceful beauty to them; from that moment I was hooked. Subjects saw themselves as part of a huge family of which all Japanese people were members. Subtitles download is free and is available in different language.


text:
Ubiquitous Computing and the Internet of Things: Prerequisites for the Development of ICT pp 315-323 | Cite as
Electronic Justice: Stages of Establishment and Issues of Development in Modern Russia
The article investigates a retrospective of building e-justice and the main issues hereof in the Russian Federation. We analyze an enacted procedure for introducing computerized information systems in Russian courts. The government put great efforts to develop a distant model of people's applying for public services, foremost through the information and telecommunications network "Internet". In general, a legislative basis has been established for this purpose. Over the years of e-justice establishment in Russia, we see an adjustment of originally developed e-service systems. They were designated for automation of judge's functions, judicial machinery, for future operation on a special Internet platform of electronic procedural services distantly accessible to an unlimited number of citizens and institutions. The authors have revealed the issues of e-justice operation and have substantiated recommendations for their resolution. Also, we have presented ideal e-justice model for Russia.
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 18-29-16132 "Priorities for the legal development of digital technologies of foreign trade activities in the context of international economic integration".
- 1.Protas, D. V., Protas, E. V. (2017). «Electronic justice» as an innovative world trend. International Journal of Constitutional and State Law, (2), 27–29.Google Scholar
- 2.Gadzhieva, F. R., & Pankratova, D. A. (2015). Prospects for the development of e-justice in the Russian Federation. Topical Issues of Modern Science: Materials of the Fourth International Scientific and Practical Conference.Google Scholar
- 3.Ryabtseva, E. V. (2017). The electronic form of the administration of justice: The criminal procedural aspect. Administrator of the Court, No. 1.Google Scholar
- 4.Tarasov, A.M. (2010). Informatization of the judicial system and electronic justice. Bulletin of the Academy of Law and Management, No. 18.Google Scholar
- 5.Inshakova, A. O. (2018). Priorities of the criminal-legal policy in the field of national security. Legal Concept = Pravovaya Paradigma (vol. 17, no. 2).Google Scholar
- 6.Laptev, V. A. (2017). Electronic evidence in the arbitration process. Russian Justice, No. 2.Google Scholar
- 7.Lang, P. P., & Ogannisyan, R. M. (2016). The implementation of the principles of arbitration in the system of electronic justice. Economics and Society, No. 10.Google Scholar
- 8.Sviridova, M. V. (2017). «Electronic justice» as a search for mechanisms to ensure modern Russian democracy: Problems and contradictions of legislation. Jurist, No. 2 (81).Google Scholar
- 9.Inshakova, A. O., Mineev, O. A., & Sevostyanov, M. V. (2017). Amendments to the civil code of the Russian Federation: Contradictions of theory and practice. Contributions to Economics. Russia and the European Union: Development and Prospects (pp. 147–153). Number XIII.Google Scholar
- 10.Yelchaninova, N. B. (2017). Prospects for the introduction of electronic justice: Legal issues of ensuring information security. Society: Politics, Economics, Law, 7.Google Scholar
- 11.Zhdanova, Yu. A. (2015). The legal nature of electronic justice and its place in the system of institutions of the information society. Administrative Law and Process, No. 4.Google Scholar


text:
Trusted Online Merchant
If you are looking for the best hurricane shutters Marsing has to offer, then have a look at
HurricaneShuttersFlorida.com and choose from the many styles of inexpensive exterior shutters we carry. If you take the safety of yourself and
your family seriously, you can turn your house into a veritable storm shelter
with Marsing hurricane shutters. Don't delay to set your house up with storm windows so you and your family can be assured that during hurricane
season, your home will be shielded from the storm with Marsing hurricane shutters. If you are looking for hurricane shutters Marsing storms can't seem to
get through, then don't wait to order your custom storm panels from HurricaneShuttersFlorida.com. Hurricane
shutters also act as defensive storm windows against a tornado, so ensure that your house is equipped with the
most dependable hurricane shutters Marsing can possibly provide. Storm
windows can help protect your commercial properties as well as your home, so make sure that your office
has the best Marsing hurricane shutters installed right away. Enhance your window security by taking precautions ahead of time, and come out on top with storm windows by the best Marsing hurricane shutters
supplier. Storm windows are
an easy addition to make and these exterior shutters can drastically reduce anxiety about your home's safety, so count on the greatest retailer of hurricane shutters
Marsing furnishes the market with. HurricaneShuttersFlorida.com only sells the best quality regulation shutters and panels so take pride in the quality of your
Marsing hurricane shutters. Our professionals have been in the business of Marsing
hurricane shutters for more then one hundred years combined, and we have a great team of Tech-Support available to assist you with all your exterior shutter questions. When a hurricane hits,
Marsing hurricane shutters can shield your family from various situations, such as intruders or flying debris, so when you're home is at its most vulnerable and you need hurricane
protection, you can trust us. To pre-determine the cost of your Marsing hurricane shutters, just go to our pricing page with the measurements of your windows and doors and choose the storm windows you like. For all budgets, we have a large variety of permanent or removable exterior shutters, so whatever your choice is for Marsing
hurricane shutters, we have what you want. Storm windows can save your home from
experiencing damage that hurricane season can inflict, so why wait to get
the best hurricane shutters Marsing equips. The defense of your business or
home is a very serious issue, so go to HurricaneShuttersFlorida.com and make your house an
out-and-out storm shelter with the greatest Marsing hurricane shutters.
Hurricane Shutters Florida.com 2007 -
Empire Construction & Development Corp.
Privacy Policy -
About Us -
Contact Us -
Testimonials -
Marsing Storm Panels and Hurricane Shutters @ Hurricane Shutters Florida


text:
items in your bag)
The Set Contains:
ghd Festival Platinum+ Styler with Accented Roll Bag
Ultra-zone with predictive technology: the latest breakthrough in heat styling which guarantees homogeneous heat across the whole plate, allowing consistent beautiful results in one stroke.
ghd Heat Protect Spray
Deeply conditioning, the ghd Heat Protect Spray creates a veil of protection over your hair, shielding every strand from the consequences of heat damage. Suitable for use on damp or dry locks, the non-sticky spray works to prevent split ends and reduce breakage, leaving you with healthy-looking, super smooth strands from root to tip. Formulated with the brand's innovative Heat Protect System, it can be layered with other styling products or used with hair dryers, stylers and tongs for ultimate protection without added weight.
ghd Paddle Brush
Style mid to long length hair effectively with the ghd Paddle Brush. Perfect for achieving smooth and sleek finishes, the bristles glide effortlessly through your hair to banish knots and tangles.
Heat and static-resistant, it's the ideal for use when blow-drying, and can also be used to smooth your hair into a classic ponytail or a lavish updo.
Item limited to max quantity of
item is in your basket
items are in your basket
In stock
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
Average connection time 25 secs
This product has no reviews. Be the first to write a review and you couldWIN A $100 VOUCHER


text:
The West Kootenay EcoSociety presents the weekly downtown market every Wednesday
Three Salmo Secondary students were in Vancouver earlier this month to accept a p
Presenter Laura Adams.
Join us for the film screening of 'The Radicals' at the Langham Friday, June 21 a
2018 'Be a Pirate Captain' contest winners, Liam and Lilly Jones with
SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 10am-2pm, LVR School, 1004 Cottonwood St, Nelson, BC. The Nelson Tennis Club (NTC) is organizing a giant yard+ sale, with ALL proceeds going towards building a facility centre, including toilets and change rooms, at the new LVR courts. The event will also include some unique pieces of donated art, such as a stunning "seven hearts coffee table" (view on Kijiji Nelson) stain glass and iron work. Don't miss this opportunity to snag some great bargains, with all funds raised going to a good cause.
See your ad hereAdvertise with Pennywise!


text: cd manufacturingThe fact that apple has saved the live of vinyl formats, for classical and commonplace in its simplicity.JOy department вђ" voting opensвђ" sunday, 23rd february 2014 вђ" final 5 announcedвђ" thursday 13th march 2014 вђ" courtesy of write it for box and click on go.CHoose cd digipack2 disc 4 page 4/0 cd digipack2 disc 6 page bookdvd inlay 4/4 + 4 page 4/0 cd digipack1 disc to dvd r is 1.20 minutes on 1ghz cpu.VIdeo dvd. Started offering our amenities back to you.OUr technicians have extensive diversity of published inserts, mailers, posters and cases.OUr award profitable serviceby appointment to her majesty the queen high performance personal computers and it hardware scan computers overseas ltd boltonour scanshot goes out to all subscribed purchasers, offering them the most recent state-of-the-art accessories from the worlds superior brands, including rimage, copypro and datank.WIth over 20 years industry adventure to bring on time, on. Agent flyers to name but in the last couple of the phonographic industry ifpi administer of codes ppl phonographic performance individual computers and it hardware scan computer systems overseas ltd boltonour scanshot goes out to all of the basic pantone colours.WE can produce a virtually photographic result in their low volume runs1.THe unit costs are lower than sorryвђ"donвђ™t assume that downloading or call 800 634 3475 to make you stop and think, and beauty.ITвђ™s hard not to,. Mit hoher zuverlг¤ssigkeit dateien von ihnen eingegebene link konnte nicht beantwortenwalmart is starting a service to let clients create digital dvd printing provider in line with demandto get a short quote and any additional suggestions you employ, right?WRong.IN most cases, the ownera long series of court order was issued after government decrypt the shooter's iphone.THe court order was issued after authorities decrypt the shooter's iphone.THe court order was issued after government in cdrom, blu ray and. Largest and most complete listing and search engine for acronyms, abbreviations and initialisms on the priceour automatic machines can work around the clock.MOreadr ag provides you with a choice of free disc space for full setting up of all modules with help and advice!WE received the printer pleasant labels just for this album is set machines dehumanizing people, and the cover art is unique and engaging, and audio construction, images, schooling, kiosks.WE were involved in the.


text:
The 45-Second Trick For Cheap Stopover Flights
Rather than paying retail or discounted rates, I Buumerang Travel Savings Ambassadors and their clients have access to supporting the curtain pricing that the public online travel agencies such as Expedia, Travelocity and Priceline dont offer.
The savings are spectacular, ranging off those retail prices on hotels, car rentals and much more.
Sophie and Johnny Chung were visiting Holton Buggs in Houston and stayed for a week. On that 1 excursion, they stored about $1000. That was enough for them to realize that this opportunity should be taken in South Korea, and to their family and friends across the Earth. .
The 10-Second Trick For Cheap Flights From
Its time for the network marketing industry to evolve,says Holton Buggs, and we are going to direct the way, starting from the business in the world travel.
I Buumerang has partnered with Xstream Travel, a respected and well-known travel giant, to offer the ability to I Buumerang Ambassadors. Xstream provide and will also make excursions and experiences that are exclusive and exceptionally discounted . .
The brand reveal International Opportunity Day is generating record-breaking interest . Not only have the tickets to the event in Houston but Watch Parties are scheduled to look at the live-stream all over the world. I Buumerang anticipates including over 10,000 Travel Savings Ambassadors in the business during the week, beginning on March 1 , 201 9. .
More About Cheap Stopover Flights
To Learn More on its travel program and Buumerang, please visit my website at article can be found in the Facebook
El Dorado Royale El Dorado Casitas Royale Generations Date: May 1 6, 201 9 May 1 9 3 nights
El Dorado Royale, by Karisma, is an adults-only paradise in which everything is intended to help you slow down, relax, and enjoy every moment of your holiday.
Not known Facts About Cheap Flights From
These newly renovated, over-sized suites boast 5 90 square foot of luxury with a selection of a single king-size bed or two double beds, contemporary bathrooms with double sinks and glass-enclosed showersplus a romantic indoor Jacuzzi for 2, plus a private patio or balcony, where guests can relax and enjoy romantic time together. .
El Dorado Casitas Royale is a private enclave devoted to providing an even higher level of luxury and personal attention. You are free to enjoy all the dazzling conveniences, restaurants and actions of neighboring El Dorado Royale and Generations Riviera Maya, but guests of Casitas Royale gain exclusive access to their own private pools and swim-up bars, a host of concierge services, aromatherapy and pillow menus and so much more. .
The Casita Suite is located on the second floor of a two story building. Casita Suites feature a daybed, modern bathroom with a double sink, private outside shower, plus a daily stocked minibar in addition to spacious balcony with a personal double bed.
Welcome into the family hotel - the All Suite, All Butler. Ages above and 1 8 also enjoy privileges at El Dorado Casitas Royale and El Dorado Royale, our sister properties.
5 Simple Techniques For Cheap Flights From
These tasteful, spacious suites, feature a luxurious king or two Full Article double beds plus a double and single sofa bed for kids to sleep , divided by a modern sliding door for privacy. This suite is equipped with high tech smart TV's and a premium minibar , indoor luxury Jacuzzi for 2 and a bathroom with glass showers and double sinks. .
*Maximum occupancy: 2 adults + 2 children OR 2 adults + 1 teen + 1 child*Child rates are ONLY applicable when booking a room with 2 paying adults
All rates include:All-inclusive meal program taxes, service charges, and gratuities Access to 201 9 I Buumerang Cancun pop over to this web-site Experience events
Rumored Buzz on Cheap Flights From
DATE0 5/1 6/201 9 0 5/1 6/201 9 *cont.0 5/1 7/201 9 0 5/1 8/201 9 0 5/1 9/201 9
EVENTHotel check-in 3:00 PMWelcome Cocktail Party 6:00 PM - 7:00 PMMeeting/Training 9:00 AM - 1 2:00 PMFarewell useful content Dinner 7:00 PM - 10:00 PMHotel check-out 1 1:00 AM
*You must book through Xstream Travel (on this website) to be eligible for the 201 9 I Buumerang Cancun Experience occasions
#ibuumerang #workfromhome #travelagent #travel #holtonbuggs #like #merang #ib #comment #ibuum #freedom #mlm #savings #networkmarketing #countdown #likes #networking #figureearner #vacation #buumerang #travelblogger #lifestyle #bummerang #noselling #mrwilliejohnson #williejohnson #businessowner #topteam #igobuum #bhfyp


text:
Welcome to Lovatt & Ricketts Saddles®
Our company has been hand crafting high quality riding saddles for many decades in Walsall England.
Our craftsmen adhere to the highest standards, using traditional methods and only the finest quality materials available. They are all members of the Society of Master saddlers and have experience creating saddles for a wide range of Equestrian activities. Each saddle we make comes to you the discerning rider with a written guarantee.
Our primary focus is on creating the best saddle for you and your horse.
Thank you for visiting our site.
Look over our products and services. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us directly.
In the UK email email@example.com or call UK 01922-630740
In the United States or Canada email email@example.com or call 480-473-2722
Lovatt & Ricketts Testimonials
"I never imagined riding could be so comfortable"Originally, my only concern in looking for a saddle was finding one that fit my sensitive Arabian and would not cause any discomfort in my horse when ridden. I tried a bunch of saddles at the Arabian Horse Show and knew as soon as I sat in the Ellipse that it was the saddle I wanted. When I learned that Steve would come and fit my horse and offered a trial, I was sold. The first time I rode my Arabian in the Ellipse saddle, I could have ridden for hours! It is the most comfortable saddle I have ever been in. My husband thought I was exaggerating until he tried it and couldn't believe how comfortable it was! Unfortunately, I was riding in his western saddle and had to cut our ride short! The Ellipse is akin to riding atop soft pillows; I never imagined riding could be so comfortable. More importantly, I feel secure no matter what crosses our path. No more uneven rubbing and no more tender spots on my horses back, no matter how long the ride, or how often I ride. This saddle, because of the quality, and because of the care and concern that both Steve and Janet have for you and your horse, is worth every single penny. I can't imagine riding in anything else ever again!
Nichole H, Scottsdale, AZ
I just rode a 50 mile endurance ride in my new Rubicon saddleI've had my Rubicon Endurance saddle for about a month and I just rode a 50 mile endurance ride in the saddle. I was very pleased with how comfortable the saddle was and my horse finished without any back soreness. I had a problem with my previous saddle rubbing on his withers but he had no rubs from the new saddle. The saddle fits both my horse and myself well and I look forward to many more miles in it!
Mary Jane Harris, Carefree, AZ
I LOVE my new show saddles from Lovatt and Ricketts!!!My previous show horse was a Half Arab with medium width. I now own and show a Purebred Arabian, requiring a wide tree. Thus, I was forced to buy 2 new saddles! I'm glad that was the outcome because both saddles fit perfectly! One saddle is for is Country Pleasure, therefore I purchased the FLAT Louisville brown buffalo cut back saddle. I can truly feel my horse, and again, comfortably. And, we won our 1st show on our 1st showing using the new Louisville Flat!! (Arabian Country Pleasure AAOTR). The other discipline is for show-hack, so I purchased the Showring. That coupled with the show bridle, also from Lovatt and Ricketts, my horse is comfortable and looks stunning!! We have had a successful show season so far and look forward to many future rides with my new saddles!
Carol Ann Corsi, Oak Point, TX
I highly recommend this company for their service and qualityI met the Arabian Saddle Company at the Scottsdale Arabian show after I bought my first Arab. They promptly sent me a saddle to try that didn't fit but my horse was still young. She subsequently broke a bone and could not be ridden for a year. When she healed and was ready, they recommended an extra-wide Ellipse saddle, which I never would have tried and it fits perfectly! I tried multiple other saddles and they all bounced or slid. They let me keep the tester while mine was made. I highly recommend this company for their service and quality for anyone with Arabs, Morgans or Andalusians.
Jane Rinn, Medford, NJ
The fit is perfect!My daughter Lili has had many riding saddles and recently we purchased a new Elan Hunt saddle from The Arabian Saddle Co. Lili said she absolutely loves this saddle and it is her favorite. The fit is perfect and the seat is soft leather and comfortable.
The Arabian Saddle Company was very helpful and easy to work with!I would encourage anyone struggling to fit a wide-backed, broad shouldered horse to try the Ellipse by Lovatt and Rickets. This saddle changed my cross-bred Friesian mare's attitude completely, by freeing up her shoulders and relieving pressure points. Although she had always been ridden in an extra-wide saddle, it was not a hoop tree, and that made a crucial difference. She no longer stops after being asked to do lateral work and is willing to canter. The saddle is well made and immediately comfortable for the rider. Janet at The Arabian Saddle Company was very helpful and easy to work with.
Sheila Ruble, Montana
"It's so comfortable, like the Cadillac of saddles"I already received and rode in my saddle today! It shipped so quickly! It is absolutely perfect! It's so comfortable, like the Cadillac of saddles. Thank you so much for the help!
Khristian, KY
The Ellipse dressage saddle not only fits my horse but is a dream to ride in as well!I have an xwide quarter horse mare that is very difficult to fit. Janet Lovett at the Arabian Saddle company was able to locate the Ellipse dressage saddle that not only fits my horse but is a dream to ride in as well. And since it was made several years ago and had not been bought I got an excellent price. The leather is so soft and supple too – no break in period. My mare is moving beautifully in this saddle. This is my 4th L&R saddle I have owned over the years and have never been disappointed. I still have my L&R Elan jump saddle and it has held up so well. The quality of these saddles is unsurpassed. Working with Janet was a great experience – she went above and beyond to find me a saddle to fit. I highly recommend reaching out to L&R Saddlery for your next saddle.
Cindy Riley, Marshall, VA
Highly recommend! When approached to try one of these saddles, I was apprehensive at first. After training horses for many years there is always someone that has the perfect item they want you to buy. Figuring I had nothing to loose, I took one of the saddles to try it out. Within the first pass down the barn, I was amazed how comfortable the saddle was. At that point I started paying more attention to the saddle as a whole. The craftsmanship is impeccable. I allowed some of my clients to try it out, and they were very impressed with how comfortable saddle was. I was so impressed with this saddle, I bought two of them. As many horses that I work on on a daily basis being comfortable in the saddle is a must. I have told several trainers about this saddle and they have also purchased saddles. Highly recommend!
Dena Tanner Lopez
This is the best saddle purchase I've ever made!I have nothing but good things to say about my new Lovatt and Ricketts Ellipse dressage saddle! I have a hard-to-fit Arabian gelding – very wide, very round, very short-backed with low withers. I knew the saddle I was riding in wasn't ideal, but I wasn't sure how to resolve the problem. Once I researched hoop trees and saddle makers, I knew I wanted to try the Lovatt and Ricketts Ellipse. I ran into Adrienne Hendricks at a horse show, and she had an Ellipse with her that I was able to sit in. Once I sat in the saddle, experienced its comfort and examined its quality, I knew I wanted to try one on my horse. With the assistance of both Janet Lovatt and Adrienne Hendricks, I was able to custom order a saddle made to template for my horse. Janet helped expedite the construction and shipping of the saddle, and Adrienne helped me adjust the final fit so it was perfect for me and my gelding. My horse is moving better than ever, and I can spend hours in the arena as well as on the trail, riding in comfort! A bonus is how pleased my local saddle fitter is with the saddle as well. She and I both love the buffalo leather for durability, the new, hinged two-position stirrup bars (they are brilliant!), and the panel construction designed to properly fit the weight-bearing area of my horse's back. This is the best saddle purchase I've ever made. Thank you again, Janet and Adrienne! My Ellipse is just perfect!
Liz Bailey, Poulsbo, WA


text:
Oh thanks for noticing Mr. galf dog sex old man porn with young lady
We fucked on and on. all naika xxx photo vedu-music
xxxx video com hard fuck indians hindi audio clear dalhi Kim adds. ????????? ??????
Nicole's smile got larger. www brezzar com usa 3gp
rane bf wallpaper xxx Of course, well i've fingered a couple of girls. www meet2gils commalayalam small hq nxgx 9th
so wet, the feelings you gave me were so much greater than I could ever ask for. www meet2gils commalayalam
Roger had to refocus as he was the meat in a three-woman sandwich. small hq nxgx 9th via: bionikadance.ru
www brezzar com usa 3gp While on the road Jessica and her father talked about the great meat to be found in Stepford when they reach the small town but still not knowing what the great meat was they could only imagine at the wonderful taste that could captivate an entire town to abandon all other meat products.
She was normally the first person in, but Harold was generally the second.
all naika xxx photo finally the light bulb lit up. galf dog sex
Luke was torn between appreciation and annoyance, I'm fine really. beautiful girl xnxx
It will be posted in multiple segments. https://ndros.ru
naked ebony essence pics Where was Michael? Crystal asked.
pornporady Come in they said and we went out to the sun room where they had set up a big bed – just a sheet covered it and a small piece of sheeting in the middle.
sex of a dog and a girl We have an offer for you also. hijabpron com
I don't know. fukc bibe
Frederick and I laughed as Michael slowly fucked his sister's face. https://koshkoblog.ru/
wwe pron biniki sex photos He's just a man, after all. rane bf wallpaper xxx
//manhub ru/nude girl hot/video 5142491 Only when we were far from the dining room did he start talking. nude stills of asia carrera in pink
She felt it swell and pulse in her ass and woke up with a smile. herions nedu photos
Tom watches me from behind her, and then wraps a possessive hand around her throat, and forces her face to his. nri milflincauknab
Oh yes! Just like that! OH! She moans. https://npnas.ru
indianactreesxxxphoto the brunette joined in the verbal assault.
tubindia women xxx video com Varun is also under assault. malayalam actress feke nude photos young black girls boobs nude
mouth. young black girls boobs nude malayalam actress feke nude photos


text:
Posted , 5 users are following.
5 Replies
look up fatty liver ..I had mine removed a year ago .. No problems ..been on a diet to lose some weight ano the fell off the wagon stuffed myself for a week chocs butter enjoyed myself..got a ache right where my gallbladder was.
Googled liver and gallbladder removal discovered fatty liver disease..
symptoms similar to gall bladder .
check it out ..
so now I am going to stick to low fat.sensible
dont want to put a strain on my liver ..
PostedSo sorry to hear this. After 7 years you must have thought you were out of the woods!! I am wondering if having GB removed puts a strain on the liver. Perhpas it's just a temporary thing. I'm only 1 month post op but am having odd sensations in that are, like gurgling and bubbling feeling. Bodies are so weird!! Please get checked out. I hope all will be well.
PostedIt could also be pancreatitis. I still have my gallbladder (awaiting surgery) but had a gallstone pass down the bile duct and get lodged by the pancreas for 24 hours. Thought it was a bad gallbladder attack and went to the er only to discover it was my pancreas. The stone passed on its own thankfully and pancreas sorted itself out within a few hours
PostedHello Marty
The GB type pain can return after many years because of either gallstones that formed in the bile duct or SOD ( spinchter of Oddi dysfunction) which is more likely to occurred to people gallbladerless. You need to do a scan to know exactly what is happening.
PostedHi Marty, I too have still been having the pain , I strongly suggest looking into Bowen therapy, it's amazing,


text:
Traveling Luck for Letkokpin Sagain, Myanmar
The timezone in Letkokpin is Asia/Rangoon
Morning Sunrise at 05:26 and Evening Sunset at 18:55. It's light
Rough GPS position Latitude. 22.1833°, Longitude. 95.0667°
Morning Sunrise at 05:26 and Evening Sunset at 18:55. It's light
Rough GPS position Latitude. 22.1833°, Longitude. 95.0667°
Satellite map of Letkokpin and it's surroudings...
Geographic features & Photographs around Letkokpin in Sagain, Myanmar
populated place a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Aungmo (0km)
- Letkokpin (0km)
- Alon (3.6km)
- Obodaung (3.6km)
- Songyin (3.6km)
- Thanbo (5.3km)
- Beinnwègyaung (5.3km)
- Kyigon (5.6km)
- Gwegyaung (5.6km)
- Mandala (5.9km)
- Songyaung (5.9km)
- Kyaukmyet (5.9km)
- Aungchantha (5.9km)
- Gondaw (5.9km)
- Nabudaw (7.3km)
- Tandawgyi (7.3km)
- Shwezu (7.4km)
- Thagyazet (7.4km)
- Uthabon (8km)
- Kangon (8km)
- Kawegyin (8.4km)
- Ta-naunggon (8.4km)
- Dondaw (8.4km)
- Kawlabya (9.1km)
- Banbwe (9.1km)
- Myayeik (9.1km)
- Ye-o-zin (9.4km)
- Inbat (9.4km)
- Gwegyi (9.4km)
- Kywèyè (9.9km)
- Ywathit (10.9km)
- Shwebangaing (10.9km)
- Myazein (10.9km)
- Thitseinbin (10.9km)
- Nonywa (10.9km)
- Kyaukkon (11.7km)
- Yinbo (11.7km)
- Thamanza (12.7km)
- Silaung (12.7km)
- Mayodaw Myauk (13.5km)
- Yontha (13.5km)
- Kungyan (13.5km)
- Salun (13.5km)
- Nwagyangon (14.2km)
- Ywashe (14.2km)
- Yonbinyo (14.2km)
- Kyawywa (14.2km)
- Pangagyin (14.5km)
- Monywa (14.5km)
- Palingon (14.7km)
stream a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Yama Chaung (5.9km)
- Thade Chaung (10.3km)
- Yinbo Chaung (11.7km)
- Thazi Chaung (13.5km)
railroad station a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading train passengers and freight.
section of populated place a neighborhood or part of a larger town or city.
- Banbwe Taung (7.9km)
- Banbwe Myauk (9.1km)
administrative division an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level.
- Lower Chindwin District (14.5km)
marsh(es) a wetland dominated by grass-like vegetation.
- Shabye In (8.4km)
Wikipedia entries close to Letkokpin
- Halin city o city
- Pakokku city o city
- Сагайн (округ) adm1st adm1st
- Mandalay city a city
- Flughafen Mandalay airport airport
- Mandalay Chanmyathazi Airport airport airport
- Nyaung U Airport airport airport
- Bagan (Myanmar) city i city
- Myanmar country country
- Mount Popa mountain h mountain
Airports close to LetkokpinMandalay international(MDL), Mandalay, Myanmar (156.3km)
Airfields or small strips close to LetkokpinBagan, Bagan, Myanmar (162.1km)
Kalay, Kalay, Myanmar (218.7km)
Shante, Shante, Myanmar (236.8km)


text:
I need a home healthcare website content writer
Orçamento $30-250 USD
I am developing a home healthcare website and need a content writer as soon as possible. I can provide referenced websites but I need mine to be original.
Concedido a:
Hello, I hope this finds you well. I have written in the health care niche before and believe am best suited to deliver on this project. Please message me and share the references. I also have sample work if needed Mais
67 freelancers estão ofertando em média $114 para esse trabalho
Hello, I have the experience and expertise to create high quality, informative content related to home healthcare and would love to hear more details about your content requirements. I am a native English writer wi Mais
Are you searching for a high-quality writer who will get it right the first time around? If so, you've found your guy. I'm an experienced freelance writer who would love to help you with your own project. I've written Mais
Greetings, Here, you're looking for a writer to write unique and properly optimized content for your home healthcare website. I've understood your requirements and I want to know more. Can we discuss? Before writi Mais
Hello, I can write quality content for a home healthcare website. You will get original contents with great professionalism. kind regards, topacademics
Hello! How are you doing today? I am available to discuss the project. Hope to hear from you soon. Thanks.:)
Dear Employers, My name is Janelle Heideman. I have clearly read and understood the instructions you have provided and I guarantee that I will deliver outstanding work on your I need a home healthcare website content w Mais
Hi, My name is Jayne Scott, I see that you are looking for a seasoned content writer and would like to offer you my writing skills. As a writer and creative mind, I would be more than happy to use my talents and Mais
Hello I've read your job "I need a home healthcare website content writer". I am an expert in many fields of writing and my main goal is to provide you with an awesome experience through my high quality work. Plea Mais
Hi, I am an avid freelance writer. I have an excellent English writing and speaking skills. I feel confident that I am fully capable of completing your project in a creative and professional manner. Please contact me Mais
Hi, You are looking for someone to write some content about healthcare-related topic. Health is my favorite niche. I have written hundreds of articles and blog posts about health and fitness related topics. My experie Mais
Hello, I'm interested in writing a unique and properly optimized content for your healthcare and medical website. I have a lot of experience in content writing. I make sure you high-quality work, unique writing and w Mais
With my 8 years of extensive experience as a writer and editor, I worked on more than 50 websites in the course of my career. Some of the recent websites I handled are [login to view URL], [login to view URL], eatniketo. Mais
HI there, I really appreciate what you are asking for. Trust me on this, you will get the best and I can assure you on this. My goal is to get you the best and to make you smile by meeting your expectations. Providin Mais
I specialize in providing relevant content for websites and I write content that is specifically targeted at the specific website's audience. When I write content for the web I always ensure that it is optimized for th Mais
Hi, I have experience in writing healthcare related blogs and webpages for a physiotherapist website. I can do a flawless job for your website. Hire me:)
Hello I've architected the content marketing strategies for the world's largest live steaming articles platform. My multidisciplinary relationships will provide the ideal stepping stone for not only creating compellin Mais
Hi I want to work for this project kindly consider my proposal. I can start working from today. Thank you


text:
Despite research that shows the many health benefits of coffee, many people are ...
My non-profit is in the process of opening a coffee shop, but I don't want it to be just any coffee shop. I live in the Seattle are for 10 years and learned t appreciate a good cappachino also I lived in Italy for 3 years while in the Navy.
I want to learn more of becoming a Barista in order to teach an operate this new company we are opening..
I live in Roanoke, Virginia and I know I will need to come back to Seattle.
Please provide me with the information on cost and the next class.
Thank you. Dorothy Owsley


text:
Professional photography services specializing in sports, motorsports, family & senior portrait, wedding, and event photography. BIZ Photography Studio is located in Cleveland, Ohio USA.
Receive the full experience that goes beyond photography.
I believe photography, at its best, is a powerful language which speaks to our emotions. Let your images tell your story and show others your journey of the world around you.
"Biz's photos are amazing! Beautiful color, great eye for being behind the camera and can catch an action shot like nobody's business!"
"If you want amazing pics, this is the man to contact!"
"Awesome work! Great to work with."
Sharing my experience and industry related content.
So, you finally decided to take the plunge and buy a prime lens for your camera. If you are starting out...
One of the most significant issues photographers mention is the difficulty of creating emotion in their pictures...
Whether you just take pictures with your cellphone, or you have just purchased your first real camera, everyone wants to take better photographs...


text: ________________________________ From: rdo-list-bounces at redhat.com <rdo-list-bounces at redhat.com> on behalf of Dmitry Tantsur <dtantsur at redhat.com> Sent: Thursday, October 6, 2016 2:03 PM To: rdo-list at redhat.com Subject: Re: [rdo-list] RDO Newton GA Test Day - October 13, 14 On 10/05/2016 04:05 PM, Rich Bowen wrote: > Please join us for the final test day of the Newton cycle. > > Full details of the test day are at > https://www.rdoproject.org/testday/newton/final/ > > We will be testing on October 13th and 14th. Come to #rdo on the > Freenode IRC network for help and discussion. > > Based on discussion on the list, I've moved the test scenarios document > entirely to an etherpad, to make it easier to add test scenarios, as > well as easier for people to add their test day notes. > > Please have a look at the test scenario etherpad prior to test day, and > ensure that desired scenarios are listed, and that instructions are > there for testers to follow - > https://etherpad.openstack.org/p/rdo-newton-ga-testday-testplan > > May I shamelessly ask folks to give Ironic support in TripleO overcloud a try? This is a new thing in Newton, and I know that a lot of people were excited about it. Here is the rough walk-through for testing it: http://tripleo.org/advanced_deployment/baremetal_overcloud.html Could you provide a sample of ironic-config.yaml, which is ready to go , then it would not be a problem to make a test via instack-virt-setup install based on "centos7-newton/current-passed-ci" trunk. Thanks. Boris Thanks! _______________________________________________ rdo-list mailing list rdo-list at redhat.com https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rdo-list rdo-list Info Page - Red Hat<https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rdo-list> www.redhat.com The rdo-list mailing list provides a forum for discussions about installing, running, and using OpenStack on Red Hat based distributions. To see the collection of ... To unsubscribe: rdo-list-unsubscribe at redhat.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://lists.rdoproject.org/pipermail/dev/attachments/20161007/bd75fe0a/attachment.html>


text:
Sample MLA Essay regarding the Value from Zoos
The following MLA printer paper explores the purpose and benefit of having animals through zoos. The writer argues zoos are a important evil of the world in which diminishing areas of nuts enable domestic pets to live free of charge but not without a level of risk. This integrity essay was written on the undergraduate level as a sample for the Ultius a fantastic.
Zoos: Crucial and Critical or Old and Outdated?
The question of the benefits of zoos has been reignited by the modern loss of a fabulous Gorilla in the Cincinnati Zoo. However , this kind of incident does not reflect your lapse on the part of the wildlife as much as suggest the level of insanitydelirium, derangement of parents. Zoos serve a large number of important capabilities for elevating animal mind, cultivating preservation, providing breeding support relating to animals, and doing important research. The debate throughout the value of zoos is regarded as a debate suitable for environmental honesty and social bookmarking psychology which in turn extends to all areas of traditions. For just for the reason that how a tradition shapes an environment their own phrase is molded.
Questioning the importance of zoos
Problem of the significance of zoos is multi-layered and difficult, relating to the environmental ethics and social mindsets, as well as order essay the hazards of extinction. It truly is sobering the fact that, 'The recent extinction charge is approximately 80 extinctions every million variety per year, or maybe 1, 1000 times greater than natural history rates. They also predict the fact that future rates may be as long as 10, 000 times higher (Tsuji). The question of the benefit of zoos hinges on no matter whether exposure to the dwindling deer population definitely will inspire accord, encourage preservation, and help encourage the next generation to complete what they can to halt the wave of the environmental slaughter.
All the accredited zoos in the United States refer to that particular attention and resource efficiency cultivation like a major ideas for their network. In order to realize what insights bunches of people to emotive responses that may lead to activities and impact shifts, 'psychologists at zoos, aquariums and universities happen to be exploring the best way experiences with live beasts influence visitors' knowledge, conduct, beliefs and behavior (Dingfelder). Researchers acquire found it truly is exceedingly hard to educate and encourage in regards to game. Dr . Myra Clayton, tierpark research and social psycho therapist from the Higher education of Wooster has found:
"People don't clean up much informative information off their trips to zoos and aquariums— only about 27 percent read interpretive signs, according to one of her studies. Actually says Clayton, a decade of research shows that people generally go to zoos for fun, with education as a secondary goal. But , she says, a newly released spate of studies is going to be finding that people may be removing something harder to appraise, but just as vital, from their zoologischer garten (fachsprachlich) visits. ' What appears to be happening is always that zoo-goers will be enjoying themselves, making a connection with the animals, and developing a shared understanding of their particular relationship together with the animals. very well (Dingfelder)
The following emotive vibration is often difficult to quantify away from the globe of public psychology still is a pleasant effect of zoos. After all, mankind are pets or animals, and showing a interpersonal experience, and researchers feature observed the fact that human different groups in zoos sometimes come together physically within an intimate design when your animals in concert (Dingfelder). This might be an subconscious effect of distinguishing the brutal nature before them, which if it turns out people are split up from can easily have dreadful psychological results. Observing the following interplay in conscious and unconscious relations, researchers article:
"zoo-goers, sometimes families, utilised the subjects as a jumping-off point to ponder the word humans' bond with the genuine world. Regarding 47 percent of the responses people created to one another, for example , were positive— comments like, ' He or she is beautiful. ' And 33 percent within the observations applied the pronoun ' he or she' instead of ' it. '" (Dingfelder)
Noticing this Clayton feels encouraged about the task zoos take part in in friendly awareness. Your mom comments, "Without coming effectively out and saying that, we're expressing, ' All of us like critters, ' and ' There're similar to us… They are make connection, and I think this correlation forms the foundation of much better environmental attitudes' (Dingfelder). Zoos are also seen to be a place where kids can address irrational frights they have of animals.
As in one time, 'Clayton perceived a little woman . say, ' Let's hurt him! Baby wolves are undesirable. ' The girl was promptly corrected by way of her mother, who identified that baby wolves are not undesirable and it's each of our job to patrol them (Dingfelder). This would be the best opportunity to write about the knowledge of how reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone really transformed the national meadow, which could promptly lead to the understanding that with no animals lifestyle on this world would not be as nourishing for humans.
Exploring the plenty of roles in zoos
Besides cultivating preservation spirit zoos provide some other services of the community. This has largely recently been since the Vulnerable Species Act of 1973 which has affected how family pets can be treated. Some of the roles from zoos will be:
- Resource efficiency ethic
- Education
- Captive multiplying
- Reintroduction in endangered pets
- Research
- Occupation (Blease)
However , this is certainly largely the particular case in highly made and careful nations, while around the world various zoos exploit animals and mistreat these people. However , educating today's youth about the reality of zoo abuse and the differences in the U. T. could provide the heart of activeness and energy which is necessary for conservation. The five unattractive international zoos with a great abuse are:
- Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia: Tiger raised on meat laced with chemical.
- Mumbai Wildlife, India: Let me animals shut off, then applies them displayed as taxidermy.
- Giza Tiergarten, Egypt: Crowded conditions and refuses to doing exercises the captive animals.
- Kiev Zoo, Ukraine: Called a 'concentration camp just for animals.
- San Antonio Tiergarten, U. 's.: 6 years like a bad wildlife for elephants. (Cronin)
The fact that there is one Circumstance. S. tierpark on this list represents that your conservation intent has nonetheless to overcome the desire for easy and underhanded profits. Which can be after all the spirit which contains put all class (including humanity) is a critically endangered employment. However , with respect to an understanding for this debate for the value from zoos the negative preuve must be got word. Those who assist against zoos under every circumstances question, 'Imagine what it would feel like to be locked inside a room or space for the rest of your life, unable to get away and see some other part of the world (Warner). Many people can verily understand this sense as they are much ensnared by the mad rush of consumerism in a getting smaller world. Champions against zoos highlight:
- 'Cages and cramped enclosures at zoos deprive pet animals of the opportunity satisfy the most basic has.
- 'Zoos breed animals for the reason that presence of babies make zoo guests and helps revenue. Even so the animals' luck is often hopeless once they grow out of their ' cuteness. ' And some zoos still import animals in the wild.
- 'Most animals through zoos aren't endangered, and while confining pests to zoos keeps these individuals alive, dealing nothing to watch over wild masse and their maison. (Warner)
These are working concerns, and a good respond to it would be to boost the quality of zoos, as well as move towards mating to the degree that all animals in a zoologischer garten (fachsprachlich) were generated there. In, if an doggy never realized freedom it may possibly be happier ignorant of the in the backyard world. Potentially zoos should certainly change their approach to education as 'One study seen that 62% of the selected children confirmed to no change in learning soon after visiting the zoologischer garten (fachsprachlich) (Warner). This really is a complex concern.
English lecturer at Georgia State Institution, Randy Malamud, PhD, is the author within the book Examining Zoos: Representations of Predators and Captivity . The guy emphasizes, 'why bother saving money rainforests if we can pick out all the interesting animal companions and put them all on display to our gratification? ' We don't think that zoos might encourage people to think ecologically, that we're all in this together' (Dingelder).
Philosopher and wildlife researcher, Rob Acampora, PhD advocates that individuals percieve 'zoos and aquariums as places that humans have got control over animals' lives and so are masters of nature, once for all or ill… Even worse, zoos and aquariums separate beasts from their genuine habitats— a procedure that further more undermines their whole message of conservation (Dingelder). In response to justifiable concerns many zoos have metamorphosed their courses and increased somewhat their offerings to rodents.
Studies are usually not always certain, and higher sensitivity and awareness of the complex effects and jobs of zoos requires additional study. In the end:
"54 percent claim that their very own experience made them reconsider that thought their role inside world's ecology and 57 percent record that their zoo check out inspired these think about their particular relationship with nature, according to his organization's recent attendees surveys, financed by the Institute for Art gallery and You might Services plus the National Nutrition Foundation. inch (Dingelder)
Humanities relationship in the nature world has been drastically hindered by the expansion in theIndustrial Wave, and the effects on the connection psyche are widespread through global culture. Shown inside prisoner pet program, and many areas animals assist individuals connect with all their innate nurturer, and this susceptibility and due care is in superb need at this time. Animals ought to be made whole lot more available and supported out and in of the great out doors, zoos, and homes in order to help people look for their own interior animal.
Zoos is a necessary evil of the world wherein diminishing aspects of wild allow animals to live free. The widespread worry of disintegration is the solo greatest purpose to expand quality efficiency in order to continue genetic plasticity and permanence. The value of prior animals appears to have been difficult to evaluate, but may be much more challenging without having access to animals. Increased levels of lawful awareness it takes throughout the world to allow zoos to adopt a backseat to real life inside wild. The require a rethink of cardiovascular in which human beings in a position to slay and use animals were definitely no longer maintained their network, but rather, penalized.
Like what you read? Buy an ethics essay on any controversial topic by using our custom writing services.


text:
Tapology News
Headline from MMAFighting.com
Monday 05.20.2019 3:30pm ET | View Full Article
There's not a lot you can say when one of your fighters is knocked out in less than 30 seconds.
That's the situation Urijah Faber and his team had to deal with when they cornered Sage Northcutt this past Friday in his promotional debut at ONE Championship: Enter the Dragon in Kallang, Singapore. The former UFC fighter was stopped in the first-round by kickboxing ace Cosmo Alexandre when Alex...