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Coronavirus Information
Information about COVID-19 (coronavirus) in Albuquerque.
ABQ Coronavirus Data Hub
View maps and data related to COVID-19 displayed in a visual format.
Health Information
Information in multiple languages about COVID-19 prevention, symptoms, & FAQs.
Status of City Services
Information about the status of City facilities, programs, and services.
Community Resources
Business, family, food, health, housing, unemployment, & utility resources.
Business Resources
Information, resources, and tips for businesses, organizations and workers.
Latest News
Mayor Keller Primes City for Resurgence of COVID-19
City girding for pandemic resilience, urges residents to help maintain progress and prepare for the long haul
Holiday and Upcoming Schedule Changes to COVID-19 Testing
Keller Administration Lays Out Path Forward on Budget Challenges Created by Coronavirus
City reserves, savings can cover 2020 deficit, collaborative planning underway for 2021-22
City Continues Support for Local Businesses During COVID-19 Recovery
Mask-making contract, fee waivers for small businesses, and investments boost local workers, companies, families
City Re-Opens Playgrounds on Father's Day Weekend with COVID-Safe Practices in Place
Regular cleaning and clear guidance on playing safe at City playgrounds
Mayor Tim Keller Supports Legislative Push to Create Jobs, Help Economy Recover from COVID-19 Pandemic
Senate leaders moving a bill to allocate Severance Tax funds in support of local economies
Mayor Keller's Sixth Declaration of Additional Emergency Procedures & Assistance Due to Novel Coronavirus
View Mayor Keller's Sixth Declaration of Additional Emergency Procedures & Assistance Due to Novel Coronavirus.
Mayor Keller Kicks Off City Summer Programs, Providing Childcare for Thousands of Working Families
Modified programs employ hundreds of diverse youth, start today with COVID-19 safety practices in place
City of Albuquerque and ABC Community Schools Partner to Ensure Families Have Access to Healthy Food all Summer
1,410 additional food boxes will feed approximately 5,640 residents
City Pools Reopen for Lap Swim and Private Parent/Child Swim Lessons
Lap swim begins Monday, June 8 followed by private swim lessons on Monday, June 15
Most Public Library Branches to Reopen with Modified Hours and Services
Online digital services continue to be a resource that can be enjoyed from home or on-the-go
Mayor Keller Outlines Next Phase of Reopening for City Facilities and Services
With limited capacity, COVID-safe measures in place and no special events
Mayor Keller Supporting Restaurants to Expand Outdoor Dining
Allowing sidewalk seating, expanding to parking lot seating, and exploring street closures all on the table to help restaurants reopen
Nursing Home Task Force Mitigates Spread of COVID-19
Outreach and training to senior care facilities protects vulnerable populations
Mayor Keller Delivers Meals and Care Packages to Seniors
Senior Affairs has served more than 121,700 meals to seniors during public health emergency
Locker #505 Comes Through With Last-Minute Clothing Donation
Western Sky Community Care Donates $15,000 for Rental Assistance and Food
Donation also included care package items for seniors
City of Albuquerque Parks and Recreation Reopening Guidelines - Phase 1, Part 1
The following rules must be followed by all users of facilities open to the public
One Albuquerque Sculpture Dons Mask in Thank You to Health Care Heroes
Sculpture located on Central Avenue outside Presbyterian Hospital
Mayor Keller Unveils City's Plans for Phased Re-Opening
City re-opening in step with State orders, outlines changes to programs, services, facilities
ABQ Sunport Outlines Revenue Outlook and Plans for COVID-19 Recovery
City leaders provide overview of COVID-19's impact to the Sunport and steps towards recovery
Animal Welfare Department Announces New Director, Updated Operations During COVID-19 and Completed Renovations on Shelters' Play Yards
Continuing efforts to reform the department, enhance homeless pets' lives during their stay at the shelter and find forever homes
Mayor Keller Announces City's Preparation Phase Readiness for Child, Youth and Summer Programs for Working Families
Modified programs now ready to continue serving thousands of families with COVID-19 safety practices in place
Two New Drive-Thru COVID-19 Testing Sites Open Friday
Locations are at Walmart store parking lots in Northeast and Northwest Albuquerque
ABQ Bright Spot: Neighbors Band Together to Support Families affected by Coronavirus
Families Feeding Families purchasing food, supplies for four families every week
Mayor Keller, Dave and Buster's Partner to Say 'Thank You' to Essential Workers with Free Family Meals for our Streets Workers
Food for essential workers in the Department of Municipal Development donated by the restaurant, served using COVID Safe Practices to Families
Animal Welfare Department Updates Intake Policies under Recent Public Health Order
Revised policies allow for non-emergency intakes by appointment
Mayor Keller Announces Plans For Summer Youth Programs
Modified summer programs set to continue serving thousands of families with COVID-19 safety practices in place, City hiring 1,000 summer workers
City Golf Courses to Reopen Saturday for Play Only
Courses will open for play with restrictions; no dine-in or retail services will be available; tee times required
NMDOH ofrecerá pruebas COVID-19 sin costo en South Valley Site la próxima semana
Las pruebas tendrán lugar el martes 5 de mayo; Las citas deberán hacerse con anticipación.


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MCQ quiz on Martin Luther King Jr multiple choice questions and answers on Martin Luther King Jr MCQ questions on Martin Luther King Jr objectives questions with answer test pdf for interview preparations, freshers jobs and competitive exams. Professionals, Teachers, Students and Kids Trivia Quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject.
1. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in which born?
2. Before getting involved in the civil rights movement, what was Martin Luther King, Jr. job?
3. How did Martin Luther King, Jr. die?
4. How old was Martin Luther King, when he was assassinated?
5. King led an important protest against what on April 3, 1968?
6. Martin Luther King told people:
7. What age did King enter Morehouse College?
8. What church did King become the pastor of?
9. What did Dr. King beleive people should do when others were being treated unfairly?
10. What did Dr. King father do for a living?
MCQ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers on Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr Trivia Questions and Answers PDF
Martin Luther King Jr Question and Answer
USA - United States of America Canada United Kingdom Australia New Zealand South America Brazil Portugal Netherland South Africa Ethiopia Zambia Singapore Malaysia India China UAE - Saudi Arabia Qatar Oman Kuwait Bahrain Dubai Israil England Scotland Norway Ireland Denmark France Spain Poland and many more....

subset: commoncrawl


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Café Na hlas is an inspirational space on the border of Žižkov and Vinohrady. It is a café and multifunctional space that serves as a music hall, theater or dance hall. The offer includes breakfast, where guests can order several kinds of eggs, a sweet and savory croissant or farm yogurt and pancakes.
More info: More infoVenue
Vlkova 7, Praha 3-Žižkov, ČeskoPrice


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Baby Aspen's My First Milestone Baby Age Decorative Pillow includes a soft white velour milestone prop alongside a pocket sized stuffed animal elephant! The nursery pillow is decorated with 12 numbered pockets, each representing a month, which will be outlined in photos using the stuffed elephant holding a golden ring. Simply place the elephant in the month's pocket and allow the ring to highlight the big milestone. With every baby milestone, you'll have adorable photos to celebrate!
Features and Facts:


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Explore the Castelli Romani: Ariccia
All of MWNF at a glance!
EXPLORE is the new programme of Museum With No Frontiers to promote "slow travelling".
Participate in expanding the EXPLORE Database
Explore the Islamic Heritage of the Mediterranean in Turkey
EXPLORE with MWNF | Turkey
Early Ottoman Art. The Legacy of the Emirates [Eight Sub-Itineraries]
The Byzantine Empire, an important power in the Balkans and in West and North Anatolia at the end of the 11th century, found itself unable to overcome the devastating effects of the Fourth Crusade (1204). The Anatolian Seljuq Sultans, who ruled over much of Anatolia, also fell in defeat against Mongolian attacks (1243). Distressed by Mongolian oppression, hundreds of thousands of people under the command of Turcoman Beys and some Seljuq administrators broke the resistance of the Byzantines, already greatly weakened in West Anatolia, and settled in the region.
Menteşe Bey and his successors occupied the area that was antique Caria and found ed the Menteşe Emirate there (1280). They proceeded to co-operate with the local seamen, that is, the Rums, in order to develop themselves further by opening up to the seas. They controlled a part of Rhodes for a short time until the arrival of the Knights of St. John (1310). That Ahmet Gazi, who had a beautiful madrasa constructed in Beçin (1375), saw himself deserving of the title "Sultan of the Coasts" must be an expression of his aspiration to establish sovereignty over the seas. Having in hand the important trading port of Balat (Miletus), the Menteşe Emirate guaranteed peaceful trade by entering into six agreements with the Venetians between the years 1331-1414. According to these agreements, Venetian merchants would be free to trade on Menteşe land, allowed to settle in Balat, and able to worship at a church that would be named Saint Nicholas. The Venetian Consulate residing in Balat would act as the special trial authority on cases of interest to the Venetians; another Venetian would not be held responsible and arrested in place of a Venetian merchant who was in debt because of business. In order to increase the volume of trade, the Menteşe Beys minted silver currency of illustrated Neapolitan type with Latin script, called "Gigliati". The Menteşe Emirate's economy, based upon bountiful plains and safe trade, created an important source for the country's development as it aspired to a rich and prosperous condition. Thanks to this healthy economy, monumental works were constructed in Beçin, Milas, and Balat.
Crossing the Çanakkale Straits (Dardanelles), Ottoman forces conquered Thrace and progressed as far as Kosovo in the 1350s. Then, once they had locked the Byzantines into Istanbul and its surroundings, they proceeded to annex the emirates in West Anatolia to Ottoman land. It has not yet been definitely determined in which year the Aydın and Menteşe Emirates were conquered. However, it is believed that Balat was captured in the years 1389-90. When Ahmet Gazi passed away in 1391, he was buried in the madrasa he had built in Beçin. The governor of Menteşe –the region is still named after him– under the Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I, Hoca Firuz commissioned the construction of the Firuz Bey Mosque in Milas, the construction of which was completed on 29 November 1396.
In 1424 the Ottoman State eradicated the Menteşe Emirate that had been re-established after the Battle of Ankara in 1402. After this date, towns like Beçin and Balat in Menteşe –an Ottoman sanjak (province) then– became less important and were eventually abandoned.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
Known as Mylasa during Antiquity, Milas was the Carian capital in ancient times; however, Halicarnassus (present day Bodrum) assumed this title during the reign of Caria's Persian Satrap Mausolus (4th century BC). Due to the good relations he established with the Persians, Mausolus was able to rule without hindrance. Upon his death, his wife had a monumental grave (mausoleum) constructed for his burial: one of the Seven Wonders of the World, only traces of whose foundations are visible today.
Mylasa continued to be important during the Hellenistic period due to the proximity of the religious centre Labranda (13 km. to the east), and later, during the Roman period, it served as an administrative centre. Not very much is known about Milas during the Byzantine period. We do know, however, that the city regained its importance with the founding of the Menteşe Emirate.
Built on top of a flat plateau on the edge of the Milas Plain, and 200 m. above, the fortress rises majestically on a weird looking rocky outcrop, like a crown over the head of the modern town. The remains on the top and outskirts of the steep slope to the north have given rise to speculation that this area was used as a necropolis during antiquity. The remains of foundations dating to the Hellenistic period to the east, along with the temple (4th century BC) at the southeast corner of the city walls, are evidence that the fortress existed before the Turkish period.
The town of Beçin was probably a small settlement when it passed into the hands of the Menteşe Beys towards the end of the 13th century. The small dimensions of the Byzantine chapel situated in the ruins of the town supports this thesis. The famous Arab traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited the city in the 1330s, lends further credence to this theory when he writes that it was "a newly founded city with new buildings and masjids". That the majority of what remains of the ruined city dates back to the Turkish period, is proof that the city developed rapidly during the period. Due to a rapid increase in population and development, the majority of the town's buildings originate in the 14th century.
Prepared by: Rahmi H. Ünal
The ancient city of Miletus, upon which Balat was founded, was one of the most important cities of the Ionian region. In those days, the city was located on a peninsula in the area where Büyük Menderes River (ancient Meandre) poured into the sea; however, today the city is nine km. from the sea because alluvium carried by the river has filled in the region. Laid out according to the famous city planner Hippodamus' grid plan, the city became rich with the colonies it founded on the coasts of the Mediterranean and Black Seas and thereby became a chief site in the Ionian world. Although the city had once been home to the famous philosophers Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander (7th-5th century BC), and architects like Hippodamus (5th century BC) and Isidorus (who built Ayasofya in Istanbul in the 6th century AD), it only managed to preserve its importance up to the Roman period. After that it began to lose its popularity, once trade came to a halt as its harbours filled up with alluvium and became swamps. From this point on, it searched in vain for its magnificent days of the past. During the Byzantine period, a fortress was constructed on the hilltop where the theatre was located. In fact, the name Balat comes from the Turkish interpretation of the Greek name "Palatia" meaning palace.
At the beginning of the 1390s, the Menteşe Emirate was annexed to Ottoman territory. However, in the war that ensued between Sultan Beyazid I and Tamerlane around Ankara in 1402, İlyas Bey from the Menteşe dynastic house participated as an ally of Tamerlane. Once Sultan Beyazid I was defeated and taken prisoner, Tamerlane reinstated İlyas Bey to the Menteşe throne, as he did with the other rulers who assisted him. The capital of the re-established Menteşe Emirate was transferred from Beçin to Balat. The new capital became a market site where goods like saffron, sesame, honey, beeswax, and rugs were sold, especially during the time of the Menteşe Emirate. Wheat was also exported from here to Cyprus and Rhodes during this period. By the 19th century, however, the city was in a state of complete abandonment.
Prepared by: Rahmi H. Ünal
Mehmed Bey, son of Aydın, founded an Emirate at the beginning of the 14th century (1308) conquering Ayasuluğ (Selçuk-Ephesus), Tire, and Birgi in West Anatolia and later annexing the city of İzmir in 1317.
The Aydın Beys wasted no time in opening up to the seas; they launched campaigns to Evvoia Island, Peloponnesos Peninsula, Gelibolu, and Thrace, in particular, with their naval forces stationed in Ayasuluğ and İzmir. Venice and Genoa were the states most disturbed by these developments. Thanks to the Holy Union that it established against the danger of Aydın Emirate, Venice was able to carry on its existence in the Aegean. Because the rulers saw the destruction taking place on both sides of the war, they did not hesitate to make peace and sign trade treaties from time to time: cease-fires, peace, and trade treaties were signed between Aydın Emirate and Venice four times between the years 1337-1371.
A large part of the income from booty brought by these war-filled years, products provided by the bountiful land, and the tariffs, which increased thanks to the treaties with Venice, were spent on the construction of monumental works or religious and social functions. Mehmed Bey's (r. 1308-1334) Great Mosque in Birgi and İsa Bey's (r. 1360-1390) mosque and hammam in Selçuk are beautiful examples that are still with us today. Because Tire continued to be a lively commercial centre for many long centuries, a great number of hans were constructed in addition to mosques, madrasas, and hammams.
Scholars were held in high esteem in the Aydın Emirate. When the famous traveller Ibn Batuta came to Birgi in 1333, he was received by Mehmed Bey and treated with great respect. Michael Ducas, grandfather of the Byzantine historian Ducas (1400-1470), and a scholar himself, took refuge under İsa Bey after he managed to escape with his life from the disputes over the throne between the Cantecuzenus and the Palaeologus dynasties in Istanbul. İsa Bey provided Michael Ducas with everything necessary for his well-being and treated him like an important guest. In his book (1381) that he dedicated to İsa Bey, Hacı Pasha, a famous physician, introduced him both as a scholar and a sultan that supported scholars.
Although he insisted for a long time on defending his Emirate against the Ottomans, in the end, Cüneyd (r. 1405-1426), the last Aydın Emir, had to surrender in 1426. After this date, land belonging to the Emirate was administered by the Ottomans as the Aydın Sanjak.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
We know that throughout history some cities have changed their locations for socio-economic or natural reasons. Ephesus too changed its location at least three times for various reasons. There are different views as to where the exact location of the ancient city of Ephesus, an important trading port beginning in ancient times, was first settled. Not directly connected to the process of relocation, it is also known that the city changed its name frequently too. The ancient settlement of Ephesus, known as Hagios Theologos in the Middle Ages, took the name Ayasuluğ in the Turkish period and the name Selçuk in 1914. The city, which was re-established towards the end of the 4th century BC, in a narrow valley between Panayır Mountain and Bülbül Mountain, lived in prosperity during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. However, as a result of its harbour filling up with alluvium carried by the Küçük Menderes River, its connection to the sea was cut off and therefore, it lost the special feature of being a city port. In addition to being an important religious and commercial centre (the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, was in Ephesus), it is clear that it was an important cultural and artistic centre as well. The large-scale 25,000-person capacity theatre still stands as proof of this. Ephesus is one of the seven churches of Christianity in the Book of Revelation. The spread of Christianity during Saint Paul's lengthy stay here, the presence of the tomb of Saint John, and the claim that the Virgin Mary lived in Ephesus for a while and died there means that the city holds great importance for Christians. Moreover, the Third Ecumenical Council was held in Ephesus in AD 431 debating the divine and human nature of Christ and concluded with the victory of Monophysitism and Nestorianism's conviction as heresy. In 449 a synod also gathered here to enforce Monophysitism.
Intense building activity took place in Selçuk, one of Aydın Emirate's important cities that served as the capital of the Emirate between the years 1348-1390. The great majority of the buildings in the city that have survived up to the present day, stem from this period. Mehmed Bey's son İsa Bey commissioned Selçuk's most magnificent edifice, İsa Bey Mosque; some western travellers have thought that the building was converted into a mosque from the church of St. John.
Mehmed Bey, who divided his Emirate up among his sons, left the administration of Tire, one of the most important towns, to his fourth son Süleyman Şah. In 1390, Sultan Bayezid I, who annexed the Aydın Emirate onto the Ottoman State, forced İsa Bey of the Aydın dynasty to reside in Tire. From this point on, the Aydın dynasty, re-based in Tire, played an important role in the town's development. The Battle of Ankara that took place between Sultan Bayezid I and Tamerlane in 1402 resulted in the re-establishment of the Anatolian Emirates, which had supposedly been wiped off the stage of history. The battle's victor, Tamerlane, reinstated the administration of the emirates that Bayezid had added to Ottoman lands to the former owners; Musa Bey and his brother of the Aydın dynasty hosted Tamerlane in Tire during the winter of 1402-1403.
Mehmed Bey, one of the commanders of the Germiyan Emirate's army, founded an Emirate named after his father Aydın, in the regions of ancient Lydia and Ionia in West Anatolia and made Birgi his centre. Also known by his nickname "Mübarizüddin", "the Warrior for the Religion", Mehmed Bey divided up the regions he had conquered among his sons. Mehmed Bey carried out various raids on the Aegean and Rumelian shores with the naval forces he had established in Ayasuluğ and İzmir. When Mehmed Bey passed away in 1334, his son Umur Bey took his place.
Ibn Batuta, who in the year 1333 visited Birgi, stayed for 14 days at the palace of Mehmed Bey, the founder of the Emirate. According to information the traveller gives about the palace, Mehmed Bey's quarters were located in a high section. At the corners of the pool in the middle of the apartment were bronze statues of lions with water flowing out of their mouths and the inner courtyard was surrounded with rooms side by side. The traveller speaks with praise of 20 young Rum men with long blonde hair wearing satin dresses that welcomed them on arrival at the palace, and of the golden spoons and ceramic bowls he saw there.
Saruhan Bey (r. 1305-1345) founded an Emirate in the region of ancient Lydia in the year 1305. In 1313 the city of Manisa, which had been an important trading centre connecting the Aegean Region to Central Anatolia or the Marmara Region since ancient times, became the centre of this Emirate that ruled over the bountiful plains of the Gediz River (ancient Hermus). The presence of large hans in the city that have survived until the present day support this view. However, the Saruhan Emirate was unable to establish sovereignty over the seas like the Menteşe and Aydın Emirates did. Since Foça (ancient Phocea), a very busy and sheltered harbour, was under the domination of the Genoese in the 14th century, the Saruhanids had to make do with their harbours of secondary importance. The Genoese, who controlled Foça, paid taxes though, to the Saruhan Beys in order to continue their presence in the area.
The Saruhan Beys used the income from the fertile Gediz Plain, taxes, and trade to have, among other things, mosques, madrasas, hammams, hans, zawiyas and türbes, built in various cities, beginning with Manisa. Two of the most famous of these structures, Manisa Great Mosque and Madrasa along with the Mevlevihane, were commissioned by İshak Bey (r. 1362-1388).
In the Ottoman era Manisa was one of the most famous cities of the crown princes. In the 14th and 15th centuries, quite a few princes became sultans after first acting as a governor in Manisa. The Sehzadeler Palace, literally Princes, Palace, not a trace of which is left today, would have been built after the royal palaces in İstanbul and Edirne. The Sultan Meadow on Spil Mountain was a place to which the princes migrated in order to rest in the summer heat and enjoy themselves. The princes would stay together with their mothers, both of whom embellished Manisa with monumental works: one of the most beautiful of which is Hatuniye Mosque Complex (1491), constructed in the name of Hüsnüsah Hatun, the wife of Sultan Bayezid II (r. 1481-1512) and the mother of Şehinşah.
After Sultan Bayezid I (r. 1389-1402) lost the Battle of Ankara to Tamurlane (r. 1369-1405), the ruler of Transoxiana and Persia, the Ottoman State experienced a period of internal disorder and social despair. The disciples of Shaykh Bedreddin (d.1419), a Kadıasker in the Ottoman Government, were trying to spread a doctrine of religious communism maintaining that food, clothing, sown fields –everything other than women– must be used communally by the people. In Manisa, Torlak Kemal, a Jew who converted to Islam and who was a disciple of Shaykh Bedreddin, worked hard to spread these ideas and caused an uprising that had a considerable effect upon the region. The Ottoman State only managed to suppress the Torlak Kemal Uprising with difficulty.
The city of Manisa was administered as part of the Saruhan Sanjak during the time of the Ottomans. Manisa, once important because of its location on busy trade routes, has preserved its place up to the present day.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
Manisa –Magnesia ad Sipylum of ancient times– was founded by Thessalians towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC on their return from the Trojan War. It exhibits a history parallel to that of West Anatolia. The area passed into the hands of Lydian King Croesus in the 6th century BC but was soon taken over by the Persians in 546 BC. Persian rule came to an end with Alexander the Great's victory at Granicus in 334 BC. In the Hellenistic era the city came under the control of the Pergamene Kingdom. The city and its inhabitants prospered during the time of the Roman Empire and the city preserved its importance during the Byzantine period until the 13th century. Emperor John III Ducas Vatatzes had a fortress built here at the beginning of the 13th century during the Latin occupation of İstanbul and he was buried here, too, when he died. Following the recapture of İstanbul by the Byzantines, the city began to lose its importance until it eventually passed into the hands of the Turks in 1313.
Bursa, situated on the slopes of Uludağ (Mysian Olympus), with its abundant water supply and fertile plains, has attracted settlers throughout history. An important city of the ancient kingdom of Bithynia, Prusa (today's Bursa) contains evidence of all of the Anatolian civilisations starting from the middle of the first millennium BC. The Anatolian Seljuq State, which was founded in 1075 and had its first centre at İznik (ancient Nicea), established sovereignty over Bursa during its foundation period, even if only for a short time. Once the Seljuqs moved their centre to Konya, having been defeated by the armies of the First Crusade in 1097, they were unable to maintain constant possession of the Marmara region. In 1113 the Seljuq troops once again took the shores of the Marmara including Bursa but, as before, they were unable to secure their hold on the region.
While various emirates were being established in West Anatolia towards the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century, a Turcoman Bey named Ertuğrul (d.1281) and his son Osman (r. 1281-1324) were attempting to settle the region of ancient Bithynia. Osman's heroes, reminiscent of European knights of the Middle Ages, engaged in battles with small Byzantine landowners; these battles were full of honour and romanticism for both sides. Nevertheless, after the establishment of Ottoman dominance over the region, both communities lived in peace for hundreds of years.
Founded by Osman Gazi in 1299, the Emirate captured Prusa, one of the most important towns of the Byzantine Empire, in the year 1326 during the reign of Orhan Gazi (1324-1362). This city, whose name among the people was transformed into Bursa, became the centre of the newly founded Ottoman State.
In a short time many hans were constructed in Bursa, a developed commercial and industrial centre. The city became famous as a weaving- and silkproduction centre in particular.
The Ottoman sultans who ruled from the beginning of the14th century until the middle of the 15th century were Orhan Gazi (1324-1362; also known as Orhan Bey), Murad I (1362-1389; also known as Hüdavendigar), Bayezid I (1389-1402; also known as Yıldırım), Mehmed I (1413-1421; also known as Çelebi), and Murad II (1421-1451), all of whom improved the city by having various religious and public buildings constructed.
At the time of the founding of the state, the Ottoman sultans were broadminded men who lived in a simple manner. After he took Bursa, Orhan Gazi sent a gift of alcoholic drink to Geyikli Baba, a heterodox religious figure who had joined the conquest of Bursa. Sultan Bayezid I was also a sultan who used alcohol; according to legend, when he asked Emir Sultan, a religious leader, whether or not he liked the newly built Great Mosque, Emir Sultan replied: "The mosque has one deficiency: there should be taverns on all four sides so that there's a pretext for you to come".
Bursa is also a city of türbes: the first six Ottoman Sultans are buried in türbes here. Of these, the türbe of Sultan Mehmed I is a dazzling architectural work with its tiles and architecture.
Bursa is famous for its hammams, spas, and fountains. The Ottomans tried to make its social services available to all the citizens, regardless of differences in religion and language. For example, after Orhan Gazi captured Bursa, he had pipes installed to bring water to the Jewish quarter of the city.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
Bursa, situated on the slopes of Uludağ (Mysian Olympus), with its abundant water supply and fertile plains, has attracted settlers throughout history. An important city of the ancient kingdom of Bithynia, Prusa (today's Bursa) contains evidence of all of the Anatolian civilisations starting from the middle of the first millennium BC. The Anatolian Seljuq State, which was founded in 1075 and had its first centre at İznik (ancient Nicea), established sovereignty over Bursa during its foundation period, even if only for a short time. Once the Seljuqs moved their centre to Konya, having been defeated by the armies of the First Crusade in 1097, they were unable to maintain constant possession of the Marmara region. In 1113 the Seljuq troops once again took the shores of the Marmara including Bursa but, as before, they were unable to secure their hold on the region.
While various emirates were being established in West Anatolia towards the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century, a Turcoman Bey named Ertuğrul (d.1281) and his son Osman (r. 1281-1324) were attempting to settle the region of ancient Bithynia. Osman's heroes, reminiscent of European knights of the Middle Ages, engaged in battles with small Byzantine landowners; these battles were full of honour and romanticism for both sides. Nevertheless, after the establishment of Ottoman dominance over the region, both communities lived in peace for hundreds of years.
Founded by Osman Gazi in 1299, the Emirate captured Prusa, one of the most important towns of the Byzantine Empire, in the year 1326 during the reign of Orhan Gazi (1324-1362). This city, whose name among the people was transformed into Bursa, became the centre of the newly founded Ottoman State.
In a short time many hans were constructed in Bursa, a developed commercial and industrial centre. The city became famous as a weaving- and silkproduction centre in particular.
The Ottoman sultans who ruled from the beginning of the14th century until the middle of the 15th century were Orhan Gazi (1324-1362; also known as Orhan Bey), Murad I (1362-1389; also known as Hüdavendigar), Bayezid I (1389-1402; also known as Yıldırım), Mehmed I (1413-1421; also known as Çelebi), and Murad II (1421-1451), all of whom improved the city by having various religious and public buildings constructed.
At the time of the founding of the state, the Ottoman sultans were broadminded men who lived in a simple manner. After he took Bursa, Orhan Gazi sent a gift of alcoholic drink to Geyikli Baba, a heterodox religious figure who had joined the conquest of Bursa. Sultan Bayezid I was also a sultan who used alcohol; according to legend, when he asked Emir Sultan, a religious leader, whether or not he liked the newly built Great Mosque, Emir Sultan replied: "The mosque has one deficiency: there should be taverns on all four sides so that there's a pretext for you to come".
Bursa is also a city of türbes: the first six Ottoman Sultans are buried in türbes here. Of these, the türbe of Sultan Mehmed I is a dazzling architectural work with its tiles and architecture.
Bursa is famous for its hammams, spas, and fountains. The Ottomans tried to make its social services available to all the citizens, regardless of differences in religion and language. For example, after Orhan Gazi captured Bursa, he had pipes installed to bring water to the Jewish quarter of the city.
İznik (ancient Nicea), capital of the Anatolian Seljuq State between 1075 and 1097, came under Byzantine rule once again during the First Crusade. However, the second Ottoman ruler, Orhan Gazi, conquered İznik again in the year 1331. According to legend, as Orhan Gazi was entering the city, he asked his own soldiers to marry the widowed Rum women so that the women would not have to experience even more difficulties. One Ottoman writer tells the story as follows: "They carried out the command. The city had homes ready to be lived in, and they gave them to the married war veterans. A ready woman and a house for him too –who wouldn't accept the offer?"
İznik was adorned with various structures during the Ottoman period built by the sultans and many administrators. For example, Murad I had an imaret built in İznik in the name of his beloved mother, Nilüfer Hatun. Orhan Gazi himself picked up a ladle and distributed food in the imaret he had built, and the same sultan also lit the oil lamps with his own hands at the inauguration of the madrasa he commissioned in İznik; first Davud of Kayseri, and then Taceddin the Kurd was appointed as the müderris in this madrasa. The Ottoman sultans considered intelligence and skill important in the administration of the country, and they did not differentiate between races such as Turkish, Kurdish, Albanian, or Circassian.
The Çandarlıs, a distinguished family, played an important role in state services ever since the establishment of the Ottoman State. Çandarlı Halil Hayreddin Pasha, an Ahi and characteristically a good organiser, was İznik's first kadı. The Janissary corps initiated by Çandarlı Halil Hayreddin Pasha formed an important part of the Ottoman Army. Several of Çandarlı Halil Hayreddin Pasha's sons and grandsons rose to the rank of Grand Vizier and some members of this family that were able to rise to a good position in the civil service did not forget their city of birth and thus decorated İznik with beautiful structures. For example, Yeşil Mosque which is a small, extremely fine and striking structure, was commissioned by Çandarlı Halil Hayreddin Pasha himself.
Shaykh Bedreddin (d. 1419), whose identity and actions have been a topic for debate for centuries, was a government man acting as kadıasker, and also a learned man of religion and science who produced works in the field of "Sufism". In 1413 he was removed from his kadıasker duty and forced to live in İznik. Shaykh Bedreddin's disciples, Börklüce Mustafa and Torlak Kemal, started revolts in Karaburun close to İzmir, and Manisa respectively. Shaykh Bedreddin escaped from İznik and fled to the Balkans, where he started a people's rebellion in Deliorman. These revolts were suppressed by the Ottoman State (1419).
İznik's importance waned after the 15th century and it continued to exist as a small Ottoman town. It began to develop again in the Republican period, and is now one of the region's liveliest towns.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
The city was founded in 316 BC by Antigonus I Monophthalmos (380-301 BC), one of Alexander the Great's generals, and given the name Antigonia. Another of Alexander's generals, Lysimachus, captured the city in 301 BC, and named it after his deceased wife (Nicea) and made it the capital of the region of Bithynia. After it came under the control of the Romans, the town became one of the most important cities of the Province of Asia. In 325 the First Ecumenical Council gathered in Nicea and laid the foundations of Orthodoxy. In 787, the Seventh Ecumenical Council ended up in moderation between iconodules and iconoclasts. In 1075 the Seljuqs captured Nicea and changed its name to İznik. At the same time, the town became the capital of the Rum Sultanate. However, it changed hands between the Byzantines and the Turks until Ottoman Sultan Orhan Gazi captured it for good in 1331.
During the period when Osman Gazi was attempting to establish an emirate on the Söğüt Plateau, feudal Byzantine Rulers occupied the surrounding areas. Sometimes Osman Gazi engaged in battle with these rulers; at other times he attended weddings with them and shared their entertainment. At the wedding of the Byzantine Lord of Bilecik, they tried to trap him and take him prisoner. The Byzantine Lord of Harmankaya, Köse Mihail, informed Osman Gazi of the plot against him; Osman Gazi came to the wedding with his armed men disguised as women. With the help of his friend Köse Mihail, Osman Gazi acted first and destroyed the plot. One of the captives, Holophira, was given in marriage to Orhan Gazi, and the Ottoman dynasty was continued by a child of this marriage, Murad I. Holophira, a very charitable woman, who became a Muslim and took the name Nilüfer; in Bursa she had a bridge, a masjid, and a dervish tekke built; the stream over which Nilüfer had the bridge constructed is called today Nilüfer Çayı.
Osman Gazi's friend Köse Mihail also became a Muslim and entered the service of the state. Köse Mihail, his sons and his grandsons, known as the Mihailoğlu, offered valuable service to the Ottoman State for hundreds of years. İnegöl was among the cities that fell to Osman Gazi as a result of the spoiled wedding plot (1298-1299). İshak Pasha (d. 1485), one of the important statesmen of the 15th century, had a beautiful mosque, madrasa, and türbe built in İnegöl. Of slave origin, and possessed of intelligence and talent, İshak Pasha performed important duties under Sultans Murad II, Mehmed II, and Bayezid II, acting as governor, an army commander, and a vizier. Dedicating the property given to him by the sultans (as well as those bought from his own resources) to the waqfs of the institutions that he had established, he secured their continued existence for hundreds of years.
After Bilecik and İnegöl, the Ottoman Emirate also took Yenişehir, where Osman Gazi built new houses for his soldiers and thus the city became known as Yenişehir or "New City" (1299).Yenişehir served as the Ottoman capital until the capture of Bursa 27 years later (1326); for this reason 1299 is accepted as the year in which the Ottoman State was founded.
The first Ottoman sultans were very close to some heterodox religious personages, who performed important services for the state during the years of its foundation. Sultan Murad I had a zawiya built in Yenişehir for Postinpuş Baba, "who wore animal skins", and his dervishes.The town of Mihalıç (today Karacabey) came under Ottoman control in 1336. During the reigns of Sultans Murad II and Mehmed II, Karaca Pasha undertook important duties on behalf of the state and rose to the position of Beylerbeyi of Rumelia; he had an imaret established and endowed at Mihalıç. In the rooms of the imaret that stood apart from the prayer hall, dervishes and learned men were received as guests and were given food without charge. These costs, together with the expenses for the maintenance of the imaret and its personnel, were met by the waqf.Later Karaca Pasha died in the siege of Belgrade (1456) and the name of Mihalıç was changed to Karacabey in his honour.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
A few kilometres away from the shore on the Anatolian side, at the entrance of the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles) that connects the Marmara Sea to the Aegean, on the spot known today as Hisarlık Hill, you can still see the remains of the ancient city of Troy. If you close your eyes for a minute and imagine ancient times, you will see King Priam standing on the city walls of Troy, his wife Hecabe, his famous son Paris, his daughter Cassandra, and his daughter in-law, the beautiful Helen watching with fearful eyes as two men fight. On the other side, there stands Agamemnon, the Achaean King, his brother Menelaus, the king of Sparta, and brave Odysseus, all observing the very same fight with some excitement. Those in battle are well known to both parties: invincible Achilles, son of a goddess and a mortal, and the other is the son of King Priam, namely brave Hector. Homer relates his glorified epic of the Iliad and immortalises the story of the Trojan War into a romantic love story: Paris's abduction of King Menelaus's wife, the beautiful Helen, was the cause of this long war. However, the real reason behind the war was the struggle to take over the Çanakkale Strait, a crucial trade and transportation route connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea.
For many centuries, the Çanakkale and Istanbul (Bosphorus) Straits have been a major source of conflict between nations. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Anatolian shores of the Strait were under the sovereignty of the Karasi Emirate. When the Ottomans destroyed the Karasi Emirate around the middle of 14th century, they gained control over the shores of the area. At the same time, the Ottomans gained a base in Gelibolu, on the other side of the Çanakkale Strait in return for helping John VI Cantacuzenus, who at the time was struggling to acquire the Byzantine throne (1354). From this date on the Ottomans rapidly acquired all of Thrace. Gelibolu became a much-frequented place for people passing from Anatolia to Thrace. Built on the Gelibolu-Edirne route, Uzunköprü, literally the Long Bridge, is one of the longest bridges of Thrace. This bridge indicates the importance given to the trade and conquest routes that tied Anatolia and Europe together in the first half of 15th century.
After Sultan Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453, he followed an expansionary policy in the Aegean Sea and the Balkans, which meant great losses for the merchant communes of Venice and Genoa. Sultan Mehmed II became very popular in Italy, and many legends about him were passed on. In his Essays, Montaigne (1533-1592) says: "Muhammad the Conqueror believes himself to be a descendant of the Trojans, just like the Italians, and thus he is astonished that the Italians support the Greeks when they actually ought to work with him in order to take revenge for Hector". Since interstate relationships could not be resolved by such an approach of romanticism and kinship, Sultan Mehmed II had ordered the Sultaniye Fortress and Kilidü'l-Bahr Fortress to be built at the narrowest point of the Çanakkale Strait against possible Venetian and Genoese threats.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
Gelibolu is situated in a strategically important area, where the Dardanelles opens into the Sea of Marmara. The city, first founded by the Thracians, was called Kallipolis –the beautiful city– after the Greek colonisation. Alexander the Great then took the area in 334 BC. The Roman and Byzantine Empires later ruled the city, and the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I repaired the city walls. During the Third Crusade Friedrich I Barbarossa, the German Emperor, transported his armies from the port of Gelibolu to the Anatolian side.
Umur Bey of the Aydın Emirate besieged Gelibolu in 1332 and 1341, but did not succeed in conquering it. The Ottomans, who initially landed in Rumelia to help the Byzantines, later realised the strategic importance of the area and captured Gelibolu, whose fortress had been destroyed as a result of an earthquake. The town changed hands several times until 1367, when it finally became Ottoman territory. About the middle of the 15th century, Çanakkale took over surveillance of the strait, and Gelibolu thus lost its importance. In the city there are various works constructed in the reign of Murad II (1421-1451) in particular; most of these works have suffered from to neglect and have thus fallen into ruins.
Prepared by: Şakir Çakmak
The city of Edirne is the crossroads for various routes that stretch across Anatolia to the Balkans. This city, the object of many military occupations, fell to the Ottomans in 1362 and became the capital in 1368. The city retained its importance even after Istanbul was conquered in 1453 and became the capital soon after; many Ottoman Sultans made additions to the Edirne Palace and resided occasionally in this palace on the shores of the Tunca River. However, after the Ottoman Sultans abandoned it in 1703, its days of glory became a part of the past; as a result of two large fires in the 19th century, the palace was heavily damaged and fell totally into ruins.
Edirne was the scene of great preparations made for military expeditions to the Balkans and Europe. When the preparations were complete, the Sultan headed off to battle from Edirne accompanied by great ceremony. Sultan Mehmed II accomplished all his preparations, including the casting of the cannons in Edirne before he embarked on the campaign in April 1453 to conquer Istanbul and to put an end to the Byzantine Empire on 29 May 1453.
The Ottoman Sultans and leading officials embellished Edirne with monuments. In Edirne, complexes hold an especially important place among the waqf buildings. Turkish towns enlarged and developed around such complexes, and the marvellous structures built by the Sultans Bayezid I, Mehmed I, Murad II, Mehmed II and Bayezid II are still the source of great admiration.
The darüşşifa of the Bayezid II Complex is a hospital with 50 beds. We learn from its waqf charter that one head doctor, two general practioners, two ophthalmologists, two surgeons, one pharmacist, five nurses, one clerk, one purchaser of merchandise, one store employee, two cooks, one cleaner, one launderer, one barber and one gatekeeper were employed. Two days a week, the outpatients were admitted for examination and given medication free of charge. The famous 17th-century Ottoman traveller, Evliya Çelebi, praises the attention paid to the patients, as well as the excellence of the beds and food. He also relates that music was used in the treatment of mental patients, saying that a group of 10 musicians gave concerts three times a week as part of music therapy.
Edirne was both an administrative city and a strategically located, lively commercial centre. For this reason, many hans and bedestens, which were an important source of income for the social facilities of the waqfs, were built in the city.
Prepared by: Aydoğan Demir
Edirne was first founded by the Thracians and named Orestia. In the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138), it was given City status and took the name Hadrianople. The city developed as it reaped the blessings and advantages of the prosperous Roman Era.
When the Roman Empire was divided in 395, Hadrianople was left to the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Raids from the Balkans frequently threatened and destroyed the city.
After the Turks took the city, its name was corrupted to Edirne.
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IUSD at GAMP's Berlin Module
Annual (Each summer term)
During the first year of study, each summer term, students from the MSc. IUSD program join the other German-Arab Master Program Students (GAMP) for one week in Berlin for the "Berlin Module".
"The Berlin Module (its official title is "German-Arab Relations in Development, Business, Science & Culture, and Politics") follows three objectives:
1. Realize the scope and intensity of political, economic and cultural objectives and instruments of German-Arab relations (WHY is action required?; and WHAT are ways to do it?)
2. Understand the set-up and interplay of institutions and organizations with relevance to German- Arab relations (HOW are the procedures working, and WHO are the drivers/actors?)
3. Encouragement for assessing the impact of objectives, instruments, institutions and organizations. (How EFFECTIVE are these procedures and how EFFICIENT are the instruments?)" (Berlin Module organization team, Berlin)
Due to the ongoing and political and social reform processes in several Arab countries, the module emphasizing on the interplay of institutions and organizations. During this one week, the participants study the process of changing rules and regulations, based on practical examples, presented by actors in the German governance system on three different levels: parliament, federal government ministries, and implementing organizations. Students have the chance to critically discuss various topics ranging from economy, academia, social matters and politics. The "Berlin Module" also brings the chance to further strengthening the friendship and network with the other GAMP students and colleagues.
IUSD V goes Berlin
(c) Franziska Laue
IUSD IV goes Berlin
(c) IUSD
IUSD III goes Berlin
(c) IUSD
IUSD II goes Berlin
(c) IUSD


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Editor's note: While covering the National Center for APEC's executive roundtable in Atlanta March 1, we caught up with Ho Meng Kit, chief executive of the Singapore Business Federation, which advocates and builds capacity for its 26,000 members, educating them on policy changes, helping them deal with workforce challenges and teaching them about the implications of trade agreements.
Mr. Ho, who moderated a luncheon panel discussion featuring members of the APEC Business Advisory Council, spoke with Global Atlanta about the strengths of APEC and the need for companies to tackle global markets with confidence rather than fearing open economies. The conversation has been edited for clarity and flow.
Global Atlanta: We think of Singapore as such an open, developed economy attracting multinationals, but don't often think about small businesses operating within the country. What challenges do Singapore companies face when it comes to trade?
Ho Meng Kit: Singapore's economy is very open, so it's really competitive. They have to learn very early that if they want to grow, they have to go internationally.
To do that you have to find some way of de-risking — you need partners and assistance. We at Singapore Business Federation spend a lot of time to make things a little easier for our business community.
Our government has done a good job with free trade agreements around the world thta give preferential access to our companies. We try to help our members, especially SMEs, know what is in these agreements so they can use them. When they're exporting to China or somewhere else, they need to know which rules and agreements to use to get the best benefit.
Global Atlanta: Openness in our economy has been blamed for job losses. Others say technology is to blame. Either way, everyone agrees we need to skill up our workers for a new era. How does Singapore tackle this issue?
Mr. Ho: We have a retraining program: Skills Future — launched four or five years ago — that sits really on top of a good K-12 education system.
We need to get people back to school as much as possible, so we focus on lifelong learning. Really this is a collaboration between the government, the institutes for higher learning, the schools, as well as people and their employers.
The government works with the training providers to make sure they "unstack" the programs found in university settings so it's easier for working people to go there, with modular courses and evening classes. It also works with employers to make sure that the training is relevant and incentivizes companies to send their trainees.
This is a lot of work. It's not just that you do a policy and it's done. It's really about the implementation. The results are still preliminary.
Because of our demography, the retraining challenge is not so much young people. It's the middle-aged folks, the older folks who did not have a very comprehensive, high-level university training when they were young.
We have what we call a professional conversion program, which is really to train professional managers, executives and technicians who have lost their jobs because the industry has shifted.
The oil and gas industry is an example: The capacities were built up for oil at $100; it has now since collapsed, so as a result a lot of these companies have retrenched with a lot of their technicians, so what were we going to do with them?
What we did is convert them into adjacent industries — construction and other industries. How we did it in Singapore was to match companies who need these employees, then we have to find these guys and we have to retrain them. The government actually provides an income supplement to any company that hires someone from the oil and gas sector in other sectors for six months to one year. It makes it sweeter and easier for the new employer to take that risk.
Global Atlanta: Why is APEC such an important forum for making your voice heard, especially versus blocs like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, of which Singapore is a key member?
Mr. Ho: We are right in the middle of ASEAN, which is home to our biggest trading partners, and when Singapore companies say they want to internationalize, the most popular place they want to go is to the [10-country] ASEAN region.
What we want to do in ASEAN is to make sure that ASEAN is integrated regionally, economically, so it's easier for our businesses to do business there. At the same time, we also recognize that ASEAN has a mix of developed and developing economies, and we are a developed economy.
When we push an agenda along in ASEAN, we want to make sure that we couple this with capacity building because I think that there are things that we can not teach, but share — in terms of regulation of businesses, in the fintech area (how to talk about sandboxing), civil aviation practices and so forth.
We used to do a course for developing countries' leaders on how to negotiate trade agreements. With developed countries, they have teams of lawyers and they've been doing it for a long time. It's asymmetry. If you're a small country, you don't have the staff or experience. So we're doing a little bit of that as well.
APEC is not a negotiating forum. It's really a cooperating forum. But here in APEC I think what is interesting is that we find like-minded counties like New Zealand, Brunei, Australia and Chile, and we come together to push an agenda.
Going forward I think we need more and more of that. I think in APEC, it's not going to be business as usual. All the tensions between the U.S. and China will be more and more real and will express themselves a lot more in the agenda. I think nimbleness and the ability to coordinate and find issues where there is middle ground to cooperate is becoming more important.
If we can continue to make APEC relevant to these two big economies (the U.S. and China) in terms of collaboration, I think we will have saved the day. We should set ourselves that objective.
Learn more about the Singapore Business Federation here. The organization welcomes collaborations with chambers in Atlanta and around Georgia.


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Day 26 – Fettuccine with Spicy Three Meat and Shrimp Fritta
by hagz
The best time to hit the Olive Garden is either right when they open at 11 AM , or around 2:15 PM, after the lunch rush but not so far after that you end up getting the leftover "fritta" toppings. Today I went right when they opened, and it was interesting watching the restaurant slowly rouse itself for the day.
I barely ate dinner last night, so I was starving by the time I got to the OG today. Hunger really is the best spice, because today was the tastiest meal I've had at the OG during the entire pasta pass promotion thus far.
I always get the dressing on the side. You can't really tell from the picture, but there's about a cup of salad dressing in that bowl. If that's how much dressing is usually on a salad, then my [insert internal organ sensitive to sodium] is in serious trouble.
I may very well have gotten the first two breadsticks out of the oven today. Delicious, and slightly crispy.
Fall version.
Winter version. I always go with the winter version.
The proper way to eat breadsticks.
Unacceptable. Cant leave that much spicy three meat sauce behind.
Call in a lone wolf as a reinforcement.
Much better.
Current weight: 171.2 (miss a meal and I start disappearing)
Breadsticks consumed (today/total): 3/41
Current cost per pasta bowl: $7.46
Conversation with my wife:
Me: Oh my god, Qdoba's doing something HUGE.
Wife: What?
Me: They're not charging for any extras anymore! Vegetables, queso, even guac!"
Wife: Seriously? When you said they were doing something "huge", I thought you were going to tell me they were starting a campaign to end world hunger or something.
Me: But free guac!
Wife: That's not huge. That's dumb.


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Meet your ActionCOACHAshley Thomson
Ashley Thomson
I began my career in business coaching and consulting very early. I worked with a company consulting to larger corporate businesses – Coles-Myer group, ANZ Bank, Telstra, Zurich Insurance and the like. This gave me the unique opportunity to spend time in the businesses, working with their management teams. As a result of this I came to understand the difference between what made a great business, and what made a poor performer. I also got to see first-hand the differences between how great managers lead their organisation and how dud managers ran theirs.
Adding this to my years running my Malvern East business coaching business and several other businesses, I have over 16 years' experience in steering businesses in the right direction.
Specialties: Succession planning, keynote presentations, mentoring, business growth.
Part of an award-winning coaching team
- Coaching Firm of the Year (Global) 2018
- Coach of the Year (APAC) 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2012
- Coaching Firm of the Year (APAC) 2018, 2017
- Coach of the Year (Global) 2015
Awards our clients have won
- Telstra Business Awards
- BRW Fast 100
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- BRW Fast Franchises
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Get in Touch
How Can We Help You? Let us know and talk to us today!


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Iu Bloomington Map
A small team of researchers at Indiana University has created the first global map of labor flow in collaboration with the world's largest professional social network, LinkedIn. The work is A digital mapping startup has received a significant investment from the Indiana University Philanthropic Venture Fund "Ziptility allows a utility's field staff to make and maintain better maps The maps are part of a collection of 4,000 Russian military maps at Indiana University. They were made between 1883 and 1947, and they were never meant to be seen by outsiders, says IU map librarian
and Indiana University School of Medicine." Here's the Indianapolis map (Click here if you can't see it): I didn't make a map for Detroit because Verizon's description is so poor. The company says 5G But as they search their archives and reflect on the way forward, some religious women are developing frameworks that may serve as road maps for other institutions a historian at Indiana and Indiana University School of Medicine. 5G Ultra Wideband service will be concentrated in parts of the following neighborhoods, Adams Morgan, Brentwood, Cardozo / U Street, Columbia Heights,
Iu Bloomington Map – the University of Missouri and Indiana University, to smaller private colleges. ProPublica Illinois reached parents or guardians in 15 of these cases and none agreed to speak on the record. Some hung of the Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, and Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, PhD, of Duke University, and co-authors in JAMA Network Open. Lower levels of ALT also were associated with poor During those talks, Taliban and Afghan representatives met and agreed to an unprecedented road map to peace, stressing that civilian a professor of Central Asian and Middle Eastern studies at


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Have younger travelers in your group?
Think there's no way to keep them interested in a tour? This one will keep them awake!
Our Teens and 'Tweeners Tour is designed for our toughest critics – the kids and young adults who are too cool for all that old Hollywood stuff.
Dazzle Them With All This
Star homes
Star homes tweaked to see the stars they care about — Justin Timberlake, Ashton Kutcher, Josh Hutcherson, Katy Perry, and Ashely Benson — plus the homes where Michael Jackson died, the Playboy Mansion, the Spelling Mansion (largest in LA) and more
Hollywood Boulevard
Hollywood Boulevard to see the Hollywood Sign, Walk of Fame, Kodak Theater, and Grauman's Chinese Theater where you can see footprints, handprints, even "wand" prints of the stars from Harry Potter and Twilight.
The Sunset Strip
The Sunset Strip where Paris, Liam, Justin Timberlake, and Zac Efron hang
Lunch at the Farmers Market
Lunch at the Farmers Market and walk through the Grove where the celebrities love to shop
The La Brea Tar Pits
The La Brea Tar Pits, where the skeletons of hundreds of Saber-Toothed Tigers, Mammoths, and Mastadons were found perfectly preserved in the oil-like tar goo.
A bike ride from Venice Beach
A bike ride from Venice Beach to the Santa Monica Pier where you do the real California thing
Shopping choose either (1) A trip to Whimsic Alley, a store with all the Harry Potter and Hogwarts gear to become a witch yourself. It even looks like the sets in the movie! OR (2) Shopping at a popular clothing store that sells clothes actually worn in your favorite movies and TV shows. Or add another hour and do both!
This itinerary is only a suggestion. EVERY tour is PRIVATE and FULLY CUSTOMIZABLE to your wishes. Want to do something else? Email us!
Book your tour here
Tour Includes: $785 total price for the private tour for 1 to 6 passengers with pick-up in Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, or Santa Monica. Groups larger than 6 or other areas including Anaheim and Orange County extra;
- "Don't Hesitate….Just Do It!!"
The tour was a lot of fun and he even took us to less well known spots for some great photo ops! Definitely recommend doing and would absolutely do another tour with these guys when next back in LA!
~ Kelly T
- "Perfect fit for our family!"
Our tour was AMAZING. This is one of the most professional companies I have ever had the pleasure of working with. I would recommend them in a heartbeat.
~ Michele G, El Segundo, California
I can recall doing a bus tour of LA a number of years ago, and that tour did not remotely compare to what we experienced with our number one guide Rivers. Our family of four, including two boys aged 13 and 10, had the best day possible.
~ Lindsay O, Hepburn Springs, Australia
- "Worth the Splurge"
Eight hours seems like a lot of time, but the day just flew by. It was so fun and interesting. I would do this again with no regrets.
The Kozars, Lethbridge, Canada
- "Great family day"
A big thank you to Scott for our fantastic LA tour!! We got all the sights in, in one day including a last minute shop @ Dash!! Scott was full of information and my family including my 3 year old had a fantastic day!! Highly recommend !!
~ Nicole9Aust


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Hanna Hölling is Lecturer in the History of Art and Material Studies in the Department of History of Art, University College London. Before joining UCL, she was Andrew W. Mellon Visiting Professor, Cultures of Conservation, at the Bard Graduate Centre in New York (2013-2015).
Author of Revisions-Zen for Film (Bard Graduate Centre and University of Chicago Press, 2015) which accompanied aneponymous exhibition at the Bard Graduate Center Gallery in New York (17.09.2015-22.02.2016). Her monograph Paik's Virtual Archive: Time, Change and Materiality in Media Art was released from the University of California Press in February 2017.
Hanna has published on aspects of time, change, materiality and archive in relation to how we conceive of artworks in terms of objects that endure. Her fellowships and awards include membership in Research Forum The Material Lives of Things at the Courtauld Institute of Art, London (2011-2012), Netherlands Scientific Foundation Research Fellowship at the University of Amsterdam (2009-2013), and Visiting Scholarship at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin (Fall 2015). Hanna's current research project Object in Flux concerns the legacy of Fluxus objects, events, performances and ephemera and is supported by the Getty Foundation residential grant (2016-17).
Contact Details
Office: 406, 21 Gordon Square
Office hours: N/A
+44 (0)20 3108 4032 (internal 54032)
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
website: hannahoelling.com
Lecturer in Art History and Material Studies
Dept of History of Art
Faculty of S&HS
Research Themes
Intersections of conservation, art history and material culture studies; materiality in modern and contemporary art and media; notions of change, time, and archive