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wikiHow is a "wiki," similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 28 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time.
wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article received 12 testimonials and 90% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status.
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If you have a lot of small supplies to store but would rather not invest in a permanent storage system yet, you can make your own from boxes and add to it as your collection grows. It's not the best, and sturdy system, but it's flexible, easy and inexpensive, and that might be just what you're looking for!
1Get the boxes. If you can't find them locally, look online. You can use any measurements you want, as long as four long boxes (drawers) fit into one cubic box (compartment). Here are some suggested measurements and quantities:[1] X Research source
- 25 to 500 cubic boxes - 13 x 13 x 13 inches (33 x 33 x 33 cm)
- 25 to 900 long boxes - 12 x 6 x 6 inches (30.5 x 15.25 x 15.25 cm)
3Assemble the long boxes, which will be drawers. Cut out a square at one end of the box. Four drawers fit in one compartment.
4Load your inventory in the drawers.[4] X Research source
- Write the description on the box. Then, put the drawers in so that the order makes sense.
- Sort the drawers alphabetically.
- Alternatively, sort the drawers so that things you use most often are at arm level, easiest to reach, and things that are less frequently used are lower or higher.
- Slide the drawers into the compartments.
- Use compartments without the drawers for larger objects.
- Use small containers to store small objects. These are tennis ball cans. Check with your local tennis club - you might get hundreds of them for free.
Community Q&A
QuestionWhere can I get cardboard boxes?Community AnswerLook at the dollar store or ask a local convenience store to save their leftover boxes for you.
QuestionWhere else can you get them?Community AnswerThe easiest way is to find a box that is not being used in the house. You can paint it or cover it in duct tape to add strength and color. You can also label and decorate it if you like.
QuestionWhat is the effect of a cardboard box storage system on the environment?Community AnswerBy reusing things like boxes, you're generally cutting down the amount of energy that would be needed for recycling. You're also preserving the environment by cutting down on the energy needed to produce other materials like wood or plastic.
QuestionWhat kind of tape should I use? What tape is best to paint over without it peeling?Community AnswerYou should use duct tape, it has a strong flexible adhesive that will hold the boxes together, and provides a clean look.
QuestionHow thick of a box do I need?Community AnswerIt depends on what you're putting in there. If you want to put, let's say, a heavy binder, maybe half an inch or so.
QuestionWhat if the system is not stable?Jane OommenCommunity AnswerYou may want to cover it with duct tape, or add pieces of wood on the bottom and sides to make it strong.
QuestionWhat else could I make out of just one of those boxes?Community AnswerYou could put clutter in the box and cut off the edges. Use a box to store seasonal clothes.
QuestionHow can I color cardboard furniture?Community AnswerYou can use all different types of paint, markers, stickers, or any other art tools you can think of!
QuestionI would like to use double thick boxes for storing all my yarn, should I take off all the lids or leave them on?Community AnswerIf you're going to make a system like the one shown above, yes, you should take the lids off.
QuestionHow do you make a cardboard storage system with matchboxes?Community AnswerI've used matchboxes to make a storage system for paper clips, tape, etc, and just hot glued them together. I've also used them as drawer knobs by sticking thumbtacks in them and hot gluing the ends.
- Use the cut flaps to create "grid systems" inside the boxes. i.e., Select six of the cut off flaps, mark them into thirds, then cut all of them halfway up at the marks on the same side. Once all of the flaps have two cuts half up, slide the cuts onto each other to form a grid (it will look like the spacers inside a case of wine). This gird would be for the larger boxes. You will then have a box with nine smaller, more shallow compartments. Ideal for stockings, scarves, yarn, paper rolls. Besides using all of the box and creating more organization space, the grids add support within the structure.Thanks!
- One thing to consider is structural integrity. You can improve on that tenfold by adding truss-like structures in a few of the compartments. You can also laminate (glue) a sheet of cardboard (use the cut flaps) to sides of the overall shelving unit or between layers of compartments.Thanks!
- If the cans are almost full and you're worried about stuff falling out, you can pad under the can's open side (under the flap) to prevent inventory from falling out.
- Put heavy items in the bottom row.Thanks!
- To prevent the storage unit from falling forward, fasten it to the wall before use. Get some screws and wide washers, with holes narrow enough to prevent your screw heads from going through. Put your screws through their washers, then drive them through the back of some of the upper boxes (3 at least) into a stud in the wall, or into a previously installed dry-wall anchor.Thanks!
Things You'll Need
- boxes
- scissors or box openers.
- tennis ball cans (optional)
- tape
Recipe Ratings and Stories
About This Article
Reader Success Stories
DW"I was looking for alternative solutions for storage. I do not have any extra money to go out and buy any storage. I also do not have very much space, so living as a mixed media artist with a love for fashion and collections galore is a HUGE challenge. I found this article extremely helpful. "..." more
SC"I have cardboard boxes now and had no idea how to come up with the shelves. This article has greatly helped me, I now know where to start."..." more
SM"I'm organizing my crafts on a low budget and get a lot of good quality boxes from work. This was exactly the type of idea I'm looking for!"..." more
CM"This is awesome! I am going to make a version of this! Craft some of my craft supplies into a craft storage unit!"
LF"I loved the instructions, they were very clear. Also the tip on reinforcing if need be was helpful."
TH"I am in the middle of building shelves out of boxes and had some ideas. This article is great."
VS"wikiHow just gave me a fantastic ideas on bookshelves made of cardboard!"
KC"I will make a bookshelf from this, an easy and comfortable way."
AT"This helped me learn how to make my own store shelving."
AC"Many ideas to plan for my storage solutions. Thanks."
MT"Great DIY tutorial. Exactly what I was looking for."
FE"It was helpful because it made me calm. "


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Grand Rapids, MI – Grand Rapids Football Club announced this morning that Gabe Mateo will return to the squad for the 2019 National Premier Soccer League season.
Mateo, 26, struggled with injuries during the 2018 season and comes back for the Boys in Blue fully recovered and ready to go. He has been a part of the GRFC squad since the 2016 season, and has made 21 appearances over those three seasons, scoring 7 goals. Before joining GRFC, Mateo played two seasons with Lansing United in the NPSL, scoring the winning goal in the 2014 NPSL Midwest Regional Final.
"I am excited to play another year in front of my home city of Grand Rapids" said Mateo. "I can't wait to give my all for this club and bring home an NPSL championship for our fans."
GRFC Head Coach Lewis Robinson commented "Gabe has been with the club from the start of our play in the NPSL and is a player that can turn a game in a single moment. To have attacking threats like him in our team is a huge advantage and we are really looking forward to getting him training and playing with us this summer."
GRFC will return to Houseman Field on Saturday, May 4th as the Boys in Blue host Livonia City at 7:30pm. Additional home dates include May 11th, May 18th, May 31st, June 9th, June 16th, June 28th, June 30th, and July 13th. The club will also compete in the Michigan Milk Cup and the US Amateur Cup with competition dates being announced at a later time.
To secure your season tickets for the 2019 season click here or head to grandrapidsfc.com for more information.

subset: commoncrawl


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Can I ask you a question? What's stopping you from making it to the Real Trends 1000 this year?
Does your answer change when I tell you that last year, Texas Realtor Ben Caballero did almost $1.5 billion in sales volume?
How about when you learn that Monica Breckenridge from Colorado's Pink Realty did 440 sides? 😵
Want to know a secret? How you answered my question will have a huge impact on whether your 2018 is going to be a boom or another bust. I know it may sound unlikely, but it's true.
What do I know that you don't?
Well, I've done well enough in real estate to be able to focus on my first passion, writing, full time. Don't worry though. You don't have to take my word for it.
Everyone from Barbara Corcoran, to Bestselling Author and Stanford Psychology professor Carol Dweck, to Berkshire Hathaway's Charlie Munger, The Harvard Business Review, and even playwright Samuel Beckett all came to the same conclusion:
Having what's called a growth mindset can transform your career.
What is Growth Mindset?
Growth mindset is a scientifically proven method of viewing setbacks or challenges as growth opportunities. Instead of thinking that your natural abilities or skills are set in stone, growth mindset encourages people to focus on the fact that you can change and grow over time.
While this may sound obvious (most great ideas do) growth mindset is something that has only been proven in clinical setting fairly recently.
Why it Works: The Science Behind Growth Mindset
The term growth mindset was coined by Stanford Psychology professor and bestselling author Carol Dweck. Encouraged by new developments in neuroscience that showed our brains are far more malleable than previously thought, Dweck ran a study to see how growth mindset affected the grades of math students.
The results were fairly conclusive. The students who were taught the growth mindset showed an improvement in math grades over time. Meanwhile, the control group's scores actually declined.
How to Use Growth Mindset to 10X Your GCI in 2018
Okay. Now that you have a better idea of the science behind growth mindset, let's take a look at a few ways experts suggest using growth mindset to increase sales.
1. Embrace Failure as an Opportunity for Growth
Of all the studies and actionable growth mindset strategies available today, treating your failure as an opportunity for growth rather than a setback is the one that everyone agreed on. It's not easy by any definition of the word, but if there's one skill you work on in 2018, this should be it.
"Failure is what I'm best at." -Barbara Corcoran
If you have one role model for becoming a million dollar agent, forget Josh Flagg or Ryan Serhant. Instead, print out this picture of Barbara Corcoran and tape it to your monitor.
After all, Barbara grew up poor and dyslexic, and because of her voracious growth mindset, cleared $70 million after selling her Manhattan luxury real estate brokerage, and is now a household name synonymous with grit and entrepreneurial spirit.
As almost every who has met Barbara will tell you (I was lucky enough to meet her a few months ago) she attributes most of her success to not only bouncing back from failure, but embracing it as a growth opportunity.
Her TedX talk "Rethinking Failure" is required viewing for any new agent, or any agent who wants to improve. I've embedded it below, so if you have a few minutes, watch it. If you've already seen it, watch it again.
Here's the same exact idea (backed by scientific research) from Carol Dweck from her bestselling book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success:
"For some people, failure is the end of the world—but for others, it's this exciting new opportunity."
2. "Go to bed smarter than when you woke up."
That's a quote from Charlie Munger, Warren Buffet's partner at Berkshire Hathaway, one of the most successful investment companies in history.
Even though they came up with this rule for success decades before Carol Dweck did her research, experts agree that continually focusing on learning is a crucial part of building a growth mindset.
Both Buffet and Munger were voracious readers— each read something like a book a day, sometimes more.
While this may seem daunting at first, you're actually doing it right now. You're taking a few minutes out of your hectic schedule to read this article in the hope of improving yourself. All you need to do now is slowly pick up the pace and devote more time every day to learning.
3. Set Your Goals Higher in 2018
Another crucial element to using growth mindset to close more deals is to set your goals higher. Yes, this will mean more stress, more effort, but also more failure— and failure is exactly what you should be looking for.
Here's Peter Bregman, CEO of Bregman Partners from the Harvard Business Review:
"Want to increase your own performance? Set high goals where you have a 50-70% chance of success. According to Psychologist and Harvard researcher the late David McClelland, that's the sweet spot for high achievers. Then, when you fail half the time, figure out what you should do differently and try again. That's practice."
After all, what good is a goal you know you can reach without breaking a sweat? Remember, failure, not success, is what will help you grow your business in 2018.
4. Reward Yourself for The Hustle, Not the Results
Let's face it, no one like a tyrant. That means whipping yourself because you skipped a webinar or didn't hit your lead gen targets is counterproductive. It will just lead to self loathing and worse outcomes.
Instead of being your own prison warden, it's important to reward yourself when you're making progress down the path to the corner office. To cultivate a growth mindset, that means rewarding yourself for the effort you're putting in rather than the leads you get, or the deals you close.
For example, even if you didn't even get any listing appointments but stuck to your cold calling schedule all week, reward yourself with a treat for the hustle and the learning that that hustle produced. It doesn't have to be extravagant to produce results. An ice cream cone, a walk on the beach, a night out with friends can all be powerful rewards if you are rewarding behavior that encourages a growth mindset.
Bring it all Together: How Will You Apply Growth Mindset in 2018?
By now you should be sold on growth strategy and eagerly thinking of ways to implement it into your daily routine. If you're not, you need to do more research. Buy Carol Dweck's Book, or check out a few more articles on growth mindset from Real Estate coaching team Tim & Julie Harris, the Atlantic or the Harvard Business Review. Better yet, set aside an hour or so to watch Carol Dweck's excellent talk at the Google Campus below.
If you're ready to start applying growth mindset, here are a few ways you might use it to close more deals:
- Setting higher GCI targets for 2018
- Carving out at least one hour per day to devote to learning something new
- Subscribe to the Close email list
- Attend at least one training webinar every day
- Make it real by talking about your goals with coworkers, friends or family
- Reward yourself for the hustle, not the results
- Start a regular role playing exercise with a coworker to practice pitching
- Take a deep dive on market data once a week
- Talk to your assistant or a junior agent about growth mindset
- Read Carol Dweck's book on Success
- Watch Carol Dweck's talk at Google
- Take a deep dive on the Neuroscience literature about learning, and neural plasticity
- Buy more FSBO leads to pitch every day
- Research best practices for landing pages, websites, and SEO
The Bottom Line
Growth mindset is a scientifically proven way to increase your results as an agent. In order to practice growth mindset, remember to go to bed smarter than you woke up, embrace failure as a learning opportunity, set higher goals, reward yourself for the hustle not the results.
A twisty puzzle is the perfect gift for any occasion. The famous Rubik's Cube can easily be solved with the online solver program.


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Checklist for Juniors
As the end of the school year approaches, juniors are beginning to wonder what they can do to prepare for the college admissions process ahead. Kristen Learner, the director of college counseling at The Benjamin School in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, and Jeffrey Wong, a college counselor at the school, offer some advise on what to focus on during the summer months.
- Make sure you have a challenging group of classes for senior year. Colleges want to see that you're pushing yourself, and taking harder classes each year.
- Seek out teacher recommendations now, and pay attention to how a teacher responds to your request. If he or she sounds less than enthusiastic, you may want to consider a different teacher.
- Choose your summer plans carefully. Colleges want to see that you're doing something you love and developing your interests.
- Decide which standardized tests you will be taking
- Start your Common App main essay. College Essay Organizer already has it updated, and we'll be on top of all the supplements as well. Many students are worried about missing an essay question due to the new CA4 format, but College Essay Organizer has you covered.
College Essay Organizer's Protocol with Respect to the Common App (CA4)
With the significant changes to the Common App (CA4), we have received many inquiries regarding how College Essay Organizer will operate this year. After much research via the Common App and the colleges directly, we're glad to tell you that we'll be as proactive for you as ever this season -- and even more valuable! Below are three key points we wanted to highlight:
- We won't wait until August 1. We will continue to update essay questions before the August 1 launch of the Common App. Last year, through our special protocol, we updated 286 schools (many of them Common App schools) prior to August 1 and we expect to be just as aggressive this season.
- We'll give you all the essay questions for different programs and departments in one easy place. As we understand it, the Common App supplement will require students to select their majors/interests in order to first view those essay questions. This would make it incredibly time-consuming and cumbersome for you to locate questions on your own for all of your students with all their different majors/interests, so you can instead rely on us to do it for you. We will list all of these particular essay questions under each college; you can then simply remove any questions that are not relevant to a given student (or the student can do so on his or her own). Several of you have noted your skepticism regarding whether the Common App will indeed have all of the program- and major-specific essay questions; after all, a few colleges last season claimed to have all such questions listed on their supplements but were in fact missing several questions. College Essay Organizer had each and every one.
- We've got all the scholarship essay questions the Common App doesn't. As usual the Common App will not list the hundreds of scholarship essay questions for the colleges -- no change there. So, as always, we'll have them for you. College Essay Organizer had more than 1,000 scholarship essay questions last season, and that number will continue to grow.


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The ingredients in this Paleo bbq sauce recipe are so many, but once prepared the most challenging part of the job is done. Just put them in the pot to cook and chop. The quantity produced is of 2 jars of 250ml which are kept in fridge for 2 months.
5 garlic cloves
½ onion
3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
2 teaspoons lemon zest
1 sprig rosemary
250 ml pineapple juice
120 ml tomato sauce
60 ml water
60 ml red wine
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon chili
1 teaspoon turmeric
½ tsp cumin powder
1 tablespoon vinegar apples
4 tablespoons basil
1 cm ginger
2/3 peppers friggitelli
1 tsp dijon mustard
With Thermomix:
cut in chunks and put them in the Thermomix the ingredients, cook 20 min 100 ° .Chop speed 8 for 5/10 seconds. Thicken the sauce for 5 minutes temeperature
In the pot:
cut in chunks and put the ingredients into the pot and cook for 40-50 minutes. Chop with blender and thicken the sauce continue to cook for about 15-20 minutes.
Pour the sauce is still hot in glass jars, close and invert (as you do with jams) and let cool. In this way they retain up to 2 months in the fridge.


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So... the last few weeks of my life have been busy and stressful and exhausting and full of work and hellish apartment hunting... HOWEVER, TODAY IS A FAR BETTER DAY. I've finally found a lovely apartment and our application was approved! We sign the lease tomorrow morning! We've even found a third roommate to fill the extra room so APARTMENT HUNT STRESS NEARLY OVER! PSF's love life is significantly less pathetic than usual. Someone (arguably) semi-famous bought something from my Etsy shop today so now I'm famous by extension (and more importantly, I actually made some dollars from my Etsy shop). AND I HAVE SOME TASTY WINE.
So... have any of you had awesome days? Tell me about them! Also, CELEBRATION THRUSTING GIFS, LETS SEE 'EM!


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California Potbellied Pig Association, Inc
Become a member of the
California Potbellied Pig Association
* Get added to our E-mail list and receive our bulletins.
* Membership is free, and our E-mail list is kept private.
Contact us at: email@example.com
All inquiries regarding adoption of potbellied pigs in California should be sent to email@example.com
Thank you
"We can only love what we know,
and we can never know completely what we do not love"
Aldous Huxley


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How To Design the Perfect PCB Stack Up With Altium Designer
In the last 20+ years, electronics have become increasingly more complex. Board density was pushed to the limits. EMC/EMI regulations evolved and got stricter. Speeding edges got smaller. Therefore, the PCB Layout engineer needs a good understanding of EMC, PDN, EMI, and SI in order to route a modern PCB with confidence. In this article we'll talk about some of the considerations we should have in order to create a PCB stack up correctly.
What Are We Going to Learn?
In this article, we will learn how to plan a PCB stackup and then how to implement it in Altium. We will consider some design optimization to minimize the SI issue when we have an HSD (High speed digital design.)
We will learn
- How to understand the datasheet of PCB laminate materials.
- How to estimate the number of signal layers.
- Some suggestions on how to design the PCB stackup with Altium.
- Typical mistakes and pitfalls, and how to use Altium to avoid them.
Understanding The PCB Laminate Material Datasheet
The first step a PCB Layout engineer should do is to select the PCB laminate materials (resin, copper foil, weave of the glass) for his/her application. The choice of PCB laminate depends on the type of application.
For example:
HSD (High speed digital circuit), typical applications are servers, router, high speed data channels (e.g. PCIe, 10Gbe, etc.). Requires laminate like FR408HR, I-speed, etc.
High Thermal reliability, typical applications are Automotive, Aerospace, Military. Requires laminate like P95/P25 (with high Tg/Td).
RF & microwave. Requires laminates like IS680 TerraGreen(RF/MW) , etc.
Halogen-free, typical applications are Transportation, mobile and wireless devices. Requires laminate like TerraGreen.
HDI (High Density Interconnect), typical applications are Layer count reduction, Military and Aerospace. Requires laminate like I-Speed, FR408HR, etc.
Polyimide, typical applications are Military, Aerospace, Requires laminate like P25N, P95/P25, etc.
In order to select the right material, we need to understand the PCB datasheet.
Key Parameters To Watch For
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) expressed in PPM. Usually, it is higher on the z axis than on the x and y axes. This parameter is critical on the z axis. When it is too high during assembly, we may have micro-cracks on vias from the different expansions between the laminate and copper.
Instead, The CTE-x,y is a parameter to watch when designing electronics with a lot of thermal cycles. For example in the aerospace industry, the CTE-x,y is very important since LEO satellites have orbit periods of 90-120 minutes, exposing the satellites to a large number of thermal cycles, which may cause cracks on the component sides.
Tg, Glass Transition Temperature
The Tg is the temperature at which the prepreg resin transits from rigid to reasonably elastic material (i.e melts).
Td, Decomposition Temperature
As the name suggests, this is the temperature where the prepreg material decomposes and starts to lose its properties.
Dk, Dielectric Constant
This parameter is the average dielectric constant for the core and prepreg materials. I'm using the word average because if we are looking at the structure of a prepreg weave of glass it will look like:
Figure. 1 prepreg fibre pattern example
Figure 1 prepreg: The resin will fill the gaps of the glass structure, creating a dielectric Dk1 zone and one with Dk2. At very high frequencies, this may cause some issues (not discussed in this article). The key point is that, when designing HSD circuits, you need to select a prepreg that is as homogenous as possible, like I-Speed, FR408HR, Tachyon 100G.
Tan(δ ) Or Df, Loss Tangent Or Dissipation Factor
An electromagnetic waveform traveling through a dielectric material is partially absorbed by the material. This absorption is measured by a parameter usually referred as Dk in the datasheet. It translates into an attenuation per inch using the eq.1:
Att=2.3 f tan(δ) √(ϵ_r ) (dB/in]) [eq. 1]
Where f = frequency in GHz, and ϵ_r is the dielectric constant of the material
Example: The Isola FR408HR has ϵ_r = 3.7 and tan(δ )= 0.011 therefore at 10 GHz has an attenuation of Att(10GHz) = -0.94 (dB/in). So, using FR408HR after just 3 inches we have lost already -3 dB.
How Estimate The Number Of Signal Layers
In order to design the PCB stackup, we need to guess the number of layers we need.
There are two interesting ways to do this.
The first way [1] assumes the components with the highest number of pins, e.g. a BGA component, dictates the worst-case scenario. Using this method, you estimate the number of signal layers by taking the number of IO pins rows (or columns), divide the number by 2, and then round up the result to the nearest even number. E.g. if a BGA has an IO rows (columns) deep of 11, then a good guess for the minimum number of IO layers is 6.
The second way is using Rent's rule.[2] Rent was an IBM engineer who popularized the way he estimated the average trace pitch. According to the rule, if you have M routing layers and N interconnections [2], the average pitch, in inches, is equal to:
P_avg=(XY)^(1/2)/N 2.7 M [eq. 2]
Where X and Y are the board's X and Y dimension in inches. Therefore, you can estimate the number of routing layers by estimating M, and then seeing if the resulting pitch is compatible with the PCB technology.
Reference Plane Considerations
After estimating the number of routing layers, we must decide the number of planes.
The 0V plane gives a return path to high speed signals (always route a critical trace within 2 planes). Therefore, you must ensure the 0V plan extends as far as possible.
All planes resonate! Every plane works as an antenna and will resonate at [3]
F_GHz=150 √((l/L)^2+(m/W)^2 ) [ eq. 3]
Where l and m are the modes, and W and L are the dimension in mm. For example, if a plane has the dimension of 100mm x 50mm, then the first mode should resonate around 1.34 GHz. Why do we need this information? Because during the EMC testing (Radiated Emission), if we find a peak around 1.34 GHz, which is not a multiple (or intermodulation) of any clocks, then you know that your plane is probably resonating. (There are design techniques to increase the resonance frequency, but they are out of the scope of this article).
Cavity resonance between planes. To prevent cavity resonance between 2 planes at same potential (e.g. 0V), stick the planes vias at a distance no more than λ/(10 √(ε_r )) [3].
Reduce the Q of VDD-GND plane. Every VDD-GND plane serves an important rule. It distributes capacitance while it resonates. If it has a high capacitance, it will most likely fail the Radiated Emission. One way to avoid this is to put the 2 planes as close together as possible (increasing the C and reducing the Q).
Planning PCB Stackup with Altium
It is now time to design the PCB stackup. From what we wrote above, we already have the following:
Number of signal layers
Minimum number of Plane
Critical signal (clock, ddr, USB)
PCB laminate material
From point 1 and 2, we have a good idea of the number of layers your application needs. Let us say we have about 6 layers for the signals and 6 layers for the plane. We can start Altium to save time! Open your PCB project and create a PCB document. Then select the Layer Stack Manager; from here select
Tool->Presets and Select 12 Layers.
Altium will create the default PCB stackup that should look like:
We now need to modify the above stackup with the PCB laminate material we have selected for our application.
If we are not happy with the default materials, we can change them and insert the correct material, thickness, Dk, and Df.
The default stackup that comes with Altium already has a good symmetrical structure and is already a good example on how a stackup should be designed.
Once we are happy with the material, we must decide which layers to use for signal, critical signals, and power plane.
We should start planning the critical signals first (for example clock traces, ddr traces, etc.). For example, if we have a board with some traces and a characteristic impedances of 50 and 90 ohms, we can select which layer will route those traces, and we can use Altium for that.
Click on the impedance Tab (at the bottom)
And then click on Add Impedance Profile:
You should see the default impedance profile for a 50 ohm trace:
For example, according to the above impedance profile, the width of a 50 ohm trace is around 0.14 mm at the top and bottom layers, while only 0.038 mm in the inner layers. If we are happy with this, we can go ahead, otherwise we need to change either the prepreg thickness or the laminate material.
Now, let us route the 90 ohm trace (usually for USB) by just clicking the + icon, creating a new profile, and then changing the target impedance to 90 in the property.
If a layer cannot have an impedance of 90 ohms, Altium will notify you by adding a warning to the impedance profile.
You can then change the material and repeat the above steps until you have a satisfactory solution for your requirements.
In the next article,we will see how to use Altium to avoid some of the design pitfalls when routing critical signals on a multilayer PCB.
Now you can download a free trial of Altium Designer and learn more about the stackup and impedance features. Talk to an Altium expert today to learn more.


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Cosmidis Biomineralization Lab
Department of Geosciences, Penn State University
Microbial biomineralization is one of the mechanisms by which microorganisms impact their environment, and it is increasingly regarded as an important driving force in the chemical, geological and biological evolution of Earth throughout its history. Our research focuses on deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in microbial biomineralization, understanding its impact on past and present environments, and using it as a tool for tracing microbial activity in the geological record.
All the Latest and Greatest
If you'd like to stay up to date regarding our latest research projects or be entertained by stories about the lab life, make sure you get in touch today.
New paper in Frontiers in Microbiology
November 2019
Learn how S. kujiense, a S-oxidizer, uses extracellular organics to form and stabilize sulfur minerals. First postdoc paper by Brandi Cron!
Full text available here
Congratulations Chloe!
October 2019
Chloe Stanton successfully passed her Master exam.
Stay tuned for her future paper on the biological mechanisms of the whiting events in Green Lake.
Thanks for your interest in our research. Get in touch with us for any questions or comments regarding our work and publications. We'd love to hear from you.
Find us:
408 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Phone: 814-865-7764
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Project to revive 220 dying ponds in Gautam Budh Nagar starts
The Gautam Budh Nagar district administration has started the work to rejuvenate nearly 220 dying ponds in Noida, Greater Noida and Yamuna Expressway area. The project has been started with the revival of a pond in Greater Noida's Iteda village.noida Updated: May 07, 2016 22:38 IST
The Gautam Budh Nagar district administration has started a project to rejuvenate nearly 220 dying ponds in Noida, Greater Noida and Yamuna Expressway area. The work has been started with the revival of a pond in Greater Noida's Iteda village.
With the groundwater level falling at an alarming rate in the district, the administration has prepared a 'ponds rejuvenation plan'.
"The administration has made a list of such ponds. We discussed a detailed rejuvenation plan during a meeting," said district magistrate NP Singh. Of the 220 ponds that are being revived, 70% are in Greater Noida and 30% in Noida.
According to a Central Ground Water Board report, the groundwater level fell at a rate of 3.87 metres per year, against the earlier one metre per year, in the district's two largest blocks —Dankaur and Bisrakh — from 2008 to 2012.
Officials said replenishing groundwater has become "the most important task" in the district.
"Two of the flour blocks in the district — Bisrakh and Jewar — have been put in the 'over exploited' category. Overexploitation means that the groundwater is extracted at a rate that exceeds the recharge rate," said Vikrant Tongad, an environmentalist.
Noida and Greater Noida West is part of the Bisrakh block. Only the Dadri block is in the safe zone because it is located next to a canal. The Dankaur block has been put in the semi-critical zone.
There are 929 ponds in the district and more than 505 of them have been grabbed by the land mafia.
"I have issues directions that if any pond area falls in a realty project, the builder should develop a pond in the project," said the DM.
"We will not spend money on pond rejuvenation. We will dig the pond areas as they have been filled by land grabbers and sell the soil. The money collected from the sale will be used for pond rejuvenation," said the DM.


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text: This week we started our flashlights this week! I was the first person in my class to finish the full diagram. The only thing I had left to was to talk to my best friend Sienna, as she worked. I waited impatiently until until the next day, but then I had wait again for the rest of the class. I had to "write blog posts" all period. I actually got one done!!!! I can't wait to work more on my flashlight!!!!!!


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Krishna February 11, 2008Posted by Sai in Movies, Reviews, Telugu.
Tags: 2008, action comedy, Brahmanandam, Chakri, Cinema, DVD, Film, Krishna, Movie, Mukul Dev, Ravi Teja, Review, Sankranthi release, Sayaji Shinde, Telugu, the power of indrakeeladri, Tollywood, Trisha, V V Vinayak
1 comment so far
You might be forgiven for thinking that V V Vinayak and Srinu Vaitla directed this film together because, while the action and mind games are typical Vinayak stuff, the comedic elements (especially the oppressed turning oppressor aspect that includes a drunken thrashing) seem straight out of Vaitla's book. This is quite a prototypical big-hero action film that is saved by the humor, which I believe is the primary reason for its box-office success (helped further by the weak competition during the favorable Sankranthi season).
Writer-director Vinayak isn't new to gimmicks but he repeats some of his tricks this time. Flying vehicles aren't as interesting now even if he replaces the Sumo with another SUV or even a lorry. One has to say, though, that some of the vehicles fly quite beautifully. Nevertheless, this isn't the best thing in the film.
Brahmanandam is.
He isn't the star of the film but he is the one that makes you laugh most and it is hard to not remember him first. Ravi Teja is obviously one of the more entertaining stars around and he does his job without really standing out this time. Trisha gets precious little to do but she looks good and her hard-to-miss-or-forget tattoo placement is something that I expect will feature in a lot of discussion among the audience. And then there is Mukul Dev as the main antagonist. He seems to be imitating his brother but his work here is better than what I've seen him do in Bollywood.
The songs in the film break the momentum every single time and are a bit of a pain to endure as the tunes aren't special and neither are the visuals. The audience let out a collective sigh when the final song commenced. Ironically, it was the best of the lot, the typical pumped-up prelude-to-the-climax number lifted shamelessly (composer Chakri could have probably been forced to so) from Vidyasagar's Gilli number Appadi Podu (and watching Ravi Teja dance isn't quite the same as watching Vijay dance). The lyrics are especially lame. "Taratha ettukupotha" filled with gibberish and the mixed language "Tu mera dilbar O priyathama" are cringeworthy instead of being hip or something. Lyricist Chandrabose might have written the songs keeping the masses in mind but I think he is capable of much better.
This film entertains for a considerable amount of its length, thanks to writer-director Vinayak's adept handling of the comedy and the performances of the actors in those scenes. Watch it if you must, but only for the humor.


text: Michael Sullivan is a singer/songwriter from Oshkosh, Wisconsin. On February 29, 2020 he'll have a CD release party at Bare Bones Brewery in Oshkosh. All original compositions. You can download the Little Bird CD at the Store on this website. Michael is open to playing just about any venue. Cafe's, Winery's, Bars, House Concerts, and even wedding receptions if you understand he's not the dance guy. For pricing on events just email him at firstname.lastname@example.com, Or give him a call at 920 410 0482. See ya soon!


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Also, Co-Host Adrienne Bailon and Fiancé Israel Houghton
Sit Down for Their First Interview Together
(Burbank, CA - September 2, 2016) - The Daytime Emmy(R)-nominated talk show The Real - hosted by Adrienne Bailon, Loni Love, Jeannie Mai and Tamera Mowry-Housley - kicks off season three on Monday, September 12, with unbelievable surprises that will change the lives of some of its lucky fans, along with an exclusive first interview with co-host Adrienne Bailon and her fiancé, Gospel musician, Israel Houghton. Plus, The Real makes this a September to remember by surprising fans in need with $10,000 a week; giving away $500 daily; and one lucky viewer will drive away in a brand new 2017 Ford Fusion Sport!
To be eligible for "The Real Fan-cash-tic Giveaway," viewers nominate deserving family and friends beginning Monday, September 5, on www.thereal.com for the chance to win $10,000. To win $500, viewers participate in the daily watch-and-win "Free Money, Honey!" sweepstakes. The first of these incredible giveaways will take place on The Real's premiere episode and will continue weekly through October 3.
"We are excited to begin season three with the opportunity to give back to our fans!," said the co-hosts of The Real. "And what's better than giving away money and a brand new car to those who need it the most? We're so grateful that we have the opportunity to keep our fans' hope 'real' with these amazing giveaways!"
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For more information, contest rules and eligibility for the daily "Free Money, Honey!" sweepstakes and the weekly "The Real Fan-cash-tic Giveaway!," please visit www.thereal.com.
About The Real
The Real is a daily, one-hour Emmy(R) nominated talk show on the FOX Television Stations and in national syndication (check local listings), with a rebroadcast on cable network BET. Led by bold, diverse and outspoken hosts - Adrienne Bailon, Loni Love, Jeannie Mai and Tamera Mowry-Housley, these women reflect the home audience and unapologetically say what women are actually thinking. Their unique perspectives are brought to life through their candid conversations about topics ranging from their own personal lives to the news of the day to beauty, fashion and relationships. Emmy(R) nominated for Outstanding Talk Show/Entertainment in its second season, The Real is unlike other talk shows, since each of the hosts are admittedly a "work in progress," and fearlessly invites the viewers into their lives. Their fresh points of view, youthful energy and passion have turned the traditional talk show on its head. Produced by Telepictures Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution, The Real originates from Los Angeles. Rachel Miskowiec (Good Morning America, Katie, The Tyra Banks Show, Judge Hatchett, The Ricki Lake Show) is executive producer.


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Descent 11.15 p.m
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we accept vouchers: Vivi il tuo ticino
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