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"No Warping" Zone
Faster-Than-Light Travel is often accompanied by certain regions of space where such travel is either impossible or extremely dangerous. Limiting when and where FTL can be used is needed to justify Cool Starships, space battles, chase scenes or planet busting FTL projectiles not existing.
The most common variant is a region surrounding a massive object as big as a star system or as small as a ship. If Hyperspace Is a Scary Place, the scariest regions might be effective No Warping Zones.
No relation to the Video Game equivalent of Warp Zones. See also Teleport Interdiction.
- In Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Kirk says that the urgency of their mission means that they have to take the "dangerous" risk of engaging warp drive while still within the solar system. As it turns out, that wasn't the problem. It was the improperly-tuned warp engines, which created an unstable wormhole. Oddly, Trek had never described intra-system warp travel as dangerous before, or since. (Indeed, many episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series ended with the Enterprise leaving orbit around a planet at warp speed.)
- There was a Deep Space Nine episode where a changeling was about to induce a supernova in Bajor's sun. They get wind of it at the last second, but the only way to stop it is to warp through the system. Dax is aghast, but Kira, what with most of her species' lives on the line, is less restrained.
- In Vernor Vinge's Zones of Thought universe, FTL travel is impossible in the interior 80% or so of any given galaxy (in particular, including the Earth).
- In the Foundation and Empire books by Isaac Asimov, hyperspace jumps close to a gravity well such as a star or planet are perfectly possible. It just makes the the calculations necessary so immensely complex that by the time you could make a jump that isn't blind, you generally could have gotten far enough from the gravity well that a much simpler calculation would have been necessary. The same problem exists on the destination side, except doing a Blind Jump is a worse idea in that direction (making a blind jump out of a system is less liable to cause you to reenter normal space inside something than making a blind jump to a system).
- In Larry Niven's Known Space series, starships can't go FTL near a star, black hole or other massive object or they will be lost forever. Ships thus need to leave a star system using normal engines before engaging their FTL drive, and if they get too close to any massive object while en route, they must drop to normal speeds or simply vanish. This is also implied to be the reason why we believe FTL travel is impossible in Real Life today—we live too close to a star's gravity well, which warps the way physics works, and thus our understanding of what is and isn't possible.
- Stars, and large planets, in the Honorverse have a "hyperlimit." Ships can't transition to, or from hyperspace inside that limit. Attempting to leave hyperspace inside the hyperlimit is instant death.
"A ship which attempted to translate out of hyper inside a star's hyper limit couldn't. As long as it made the attempt within the outer twenty percent of the hyper limit, all that happened was that it couldn't get into n-space. If it made the attempt any further in than that, however, Bad Things happened. Someone had once described the result as using a pulse cannon to fire soft-boiled eggs at a stone wall to see if they would bounce."
- Hyperspace also has "gravity waves." Before the invention of Warshawski sails, any ship that entered a gravity wave would be torn apart. After the invention of Warshawski sails, gravity waves became the fastest way to get around the universe. But the sails end up being a large liability in a hyperspace fight.
- In the Halo novels, you can't enter Slipspace while near large gravitational fields, like planets. Unless you steal a Covenant vessel and Slipspace straight through the planet.
- In Neal Asher's Polity books, USERS (spinning black holes inserted into and back out of Underspace) create wavelike distortions - like throwing a pebble into a pool, repeatedly - that knock ships back into normal space. Used for interdiction and incident containment by Polity Agents and other EC forces.
- In Peter F. Hamilton's Night's Dawn Trilogy, starships (both conventional and biological) are unable to perform ZTT jumps or Swallow maneuvers within a certain radius of a gravitational field since local space is too warped to allow safe transmission. This radius is much smaller for the more sophisticated bitek Voidhawks, however, and Lagrange points (spaces where the gravitational pull of a planet is cancelled out by that of another celestial body such as a moon or star) theoretically allow FTL travel within a gravity well.
- Until Joshua Calvert has to do it under pressure, that is. Then the Lagrange point dodge is fully confirmed.
- In Vladimir Vasilyev's No One but Us, three alien armadas are heading towards Earth and two other major human worlds. As part of defending them, powerful Nonlinear Field Generators are engaged, preventing the enemy from warping in, leaving only a tiny (by comparison) window, allowing them to "funnel" the enemy into a predictable position. This field is large enough to encompass the entire system.
- In Ryk Spoor's Grand Central Arena, Sandrisson Drives, even when inactive, interfere with each other, which wouldn't be an example of "No Warping" Zone except that drives jump from the volume of a planetary system to the artificial "Spheres" which are much smaller. A smallish number of ships occupying a Sphere can entirely prevent jumping from anywhere in the planetary system.
- Murray Leinster's short story "First Contact" was published in the 1940s, when many astronomers believed that outer space was a perfect vacuum. The human-piloted starship in that story could only travel faster-than-light in a total vacuum—even the slightest wisp of atmosphere or nebula would be enough to prevent it.
- In the Star Wars Expanded Universe, it's stated that you can't use a FTL drive while within the 'mass shadow' of a planet or star. Entering a mass shadow while traveling FTL will pull you out of hyperspace, which in the case of a star, is a very bad thing. There are also ships, called interdictors, capable of generating artificial mass shadows that can yank a ship right out of hyperspace no matter how fast it's traveling. They were difficult to maneuver while performing this function and attracted space debris.
- An upside for interdictors was found by Grand Admiral Thrawn, that Magnificent Bastard for all seasons. Normally, interdictors are used to prevent enemy ships from escaping via hyperspace. But it wasn't long before Thrawn began using them in more traditional No Warping Zones to snag his own ships. By maneuvering the interdictors just so, he could simply launch an entire fleet towards them and have them drop out of hyperspace, even in crowded conditions, with pinpoint accuracy.
- Much of the plot of Knights of the Old Republic 2 is driven by the fact that the Exile used a Mass Shadow Generator, presumably based on the same technology. It destroyed a whole Mandalorian battlefleet... and a planet.
- In Sergey Lukyanenko's The Stars Are Cold Toys, the human jumper does not appear to have a "No Warping" Zone. However, they are never activated inside a planet's atmosphere. This is because they transport a large sphere around them. Suddenly removing a chunk of an atmosphere has consequences for the planet below.
- Similarly, in Angel Station by Walter Jon Williams, ships entering or exiting a jump must do so far away from planets, as the process releases deadly radiation. The protagonists are forced to jump fairly close to an inhabited moon, realizing they're committing a heinous crime.
Live-Action TV
- Star Trek: Voyager introduced the Omega Directive, which instructed that Omega Molecules be destroyed upon discovery- and even overrode the Prime Directive. Why? Because Omega Molecules had nasty habit of exploding—and when they did, they created a huge void where FTL travel and communications didn't work, potentially crippling to The Federation and every other spacefaring race within a few thousand light years.
- An episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation centered around the dangers of warp travel in high traffic areas leading to the erosion of the fabric of space-time, causing catastrophic Negative Space Wedgies and, potentially, worse. As a result, the Federation places a Warp 5 speed limit on their ships except in cases of emergency, which the Klingon Empire agrees to (other factions aren't accounted for).
- In Babylon 5, there are places in hyperspace that aren't safe. Some of these are actually Shadow and Vorlon bases.
- There does not, however, appear to be any limits on where a spacecraft equipped with Jump Engines can enter or leave hyperspace besides the problem of being able to do it precise enough or there's already a jump gate. Jump gates explode if a point is opened up inside of them, while opening a jump point in a gas giant has problems with explosions within the gas. For a more normal planet, the key for jumping in is having accurate enough readings to not accidentally open a jump point inside the planet.
- Averted in the reimagining of Battlestar Galactica, at least in the traditional "can't warp near a planet" way. In one episode, as part of a sneak attack, the Galactica jumps into the atmosphere of a planet, falls like a stone for a while while launching its fighters, and jumps back out when sufficiently close to the planet that it is identifiable from the surface.
- At the same time, played straight in one of the season 4 episodes: when a Raptor jumps barely a stone's throw from the Galactica's hull, the gravitational shockwave tears out a good chunk of the hull and catastrophically damages the Galactica's already strained superstructure. So it's not like "you can't jump next to other ships", it's more "you can jump but you're a safety hazard for anyone nearby".
- It's also shown that when a ship jumps, anything not solidly fixed down will be drawn to the point where it was. When Galactica jumps in New Caprica's atmosphere at the start of Season 3 it causes a massive upward wind surge with accompanying sonic boom, and when the Pegasus jumps from the burning Scorpia shipyards in "Razor", the flames and a lot of debris get pulled into the ship's former location. This would mean jumping would be safest when there's nothing larger than a grain of dust is in your immediate vicinity.
- Farscape also uses the "hazardous to surroundings, not the ship" issue in regards to the Starburst transport used by the biomechanical Leviathan ships. Played straight if the ship tries to Starburst inside the hanger of another ship or other confined space; the contained energy causes the destruction of both ships.
- EVE Online offers several possibilities to drop a "No Warping" Zone on your enemies, or where you expect your enemies to arrive.
Tabletop Games
- BattleTech's Kearny-Fuchida drives don't take well to gravity. At the same time, recharging the drive via solar sail obviously requires the ship to come out of jump reasonably close to a star to collect energy, and most JumpShips aren't capable of any great sublight acceleration. This results in commercial traffic mostly using a given system's zenith and nadir 'jump points' several AU away from its star and safely above or below most of the clutter in its orbital plane; if actual recharging stations happen to exist in-system, this is where they will be positioned as well. It's possible to jump closer to or from a star by judicious use of Lagrange points (where the star's gravitic pull and that of another celestial body just about cancel out), but since the smaller bodies obviously keep moving around, this requires highly accurate and up-to-date navigational charts and makes for riskier jumps even then.
- In Traveller, a starship using its jump drive too close to a planetary body or star (within 100 diameters) has an increased chance of misjump.
- In Spelljammer ships travel in straight line at the spelljamming speed (10^8 miles/day) but drops to the "tactical speed" if they need to maneuver or something big enough (10 space tons for standard engines) is close enough.
- A common tactic to prevent a Hyperspeed Escape is to launch large amounts of chaff in the vicinity of your enemies. A common tactic to deal with pursuers is the same: the evader crawls at the tactical speed one locking radius from a jettisoned mass, but the pursuer must either slow down for twice this distance or try to circumvent it and risk going off the course; if the evader slows down again and steers while the pursuer is still locked and can't catch up, it probably got away.
- In GURPS: Banestorm the titular banestorms have screwed up the local laws of magic so badly that teleportation takes a penalty of -25. Not strictly impossible, but in GURPS a skill level of 20 is extraordinary.
- In the Champions super-hero Tabletop RPG, characters or vehicles can purchase FTL Travel as a Power for only 10 Character Points. They are prohibited from using it in an atmosphere. (Curiously, there's no restriction against using FTL Travel while on the surface of an airless world. You could theoretically spend a few points on FTL Travel, a minimal amount of Flight, and enough Life Support to survive until you fly out of the atmosphere, then engage your FTL Travel and destroy the moon by ramming into it.)
- Similarly, the Villains and Vigilantes Flight power permits FTL if one's atmospheric flight speed is at least Mach 1, but only outside of atmosphere.
- In Warhammer40000 Tyranid fleets have the effect of making travel through the warp impossible to or from their location. This is naturally bad news for whatever planet they're approaching, unable to evacuate or receive timely reinforcements.
Video Games
- As noted on Hyperspeed Escape: Escape Velocity doesn't allow you to enter hyperspace too close to the center of an inhabited system.
- Elite, possibly the Trope Codifier of "mass-locked" warp drives.
- The video game Solar Winds displays "Can't hyperjump - Danger near" if you try to go FTL while there's another object on screen (enemies, planets, asteroids).
- In the computer game Sins of a Solar Empire, ships are unable to conduct "phase jumps" within a gravity well of a stellar object, including stars, planets, asteroids, etc. There are exceptions to this rule, mostly for the Vasari race, whose phase jumping technology is much more advanced than human (either faction).
- Master of Orion 2 has Warp Dissipator (prevents enemy ships from Hyperspeed Escape in the tactical combat map) and Warp Interdictor (slows down all enemy ships traveling to the system with an Interdictor equipped).
- Freelancer has no interdicted space, but it does feature Cruise Disruptor missiles that can mess with the target's high-speed cruise engines.
- These are particularly frustrating if you're running from a group of enemies since all weapons are locked down by engaging the cruise engines. Which would seem to mean that the Counter Measures are also disabled. They aren't, but it's not mentioned anywhere.
- Sword of the Stars: While human and Zuul ships need to make for a node to escape, the other races have to make a seemingly arbitrary distance from enemy ships before they can retreat.
- In the Homeworld campaign, it is extremely dangerous for a ship to travel in hyperspace through a massive object in space, such as a planet or a star, or even a large asteroid. As such, a ship is always kicked out of hyperspace whenever such an object is detected ahead in order to make course corrections. This is sometimes used to trap ships, if the original course of the target ship is known. For example, the Taiidani set several traps for the Kushan this way. One involves placing a large asteroid directly on the Kushan mothership's path, attaching drives to it, and sending it towards the dropped-out mothership.
- In the first Noah mission in Nexus the Jupiter Incident, the player's convoy is intercepted during its IP (interplanetary) jump by the Raptors, who have somehow obtained the technology to do this. This is the only time this happens in the game, though. Additionally, the Vardrag have the technology to lock down wormholes, preventing ships from getting in or out.
Web Comics
- Teraport Area Denial in Schlock Mercenary work by detecting and disrupting the wormholes used by the Teraport. Not really a pure No Warping Zone, since you can program your TAD to check for what are essentially "passwords" encoded in the wormholes themselves to let certain teraports through. They can also be circumvented, by using a teraport cage to block the sensors. Or just bulled through by using truly ridiculous amounts of power.
Web Original
- The space in between the Jump Gates in Nexus Gate counts as a huge "No Warping" Zone.
- Fenspace: Played straight and inverted. Ships can't go FTL when they're too close to a star - how close is "too close" varies by the star, with larger, more energetic stars surrounded by larger areas where FTL doesn't work, the radius of which is measured in Astronomical Units. Conversely, when ships use handwavium engines outside "the limit," they automatically go FTL.


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Cape Town - The Cosatu-affiliated Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (Sactwu) held its National Bargaining Conference from March 18 to 21 2016, in Cape Town, since 2016 is a collective bargaining year for all its major industrial sectors.
Its longer-term wage agreements - most of which were for two years - will expire at the end of June and August 2016.
Sactwu will negotiate in three national bargaining councils - clothing, textiles and leather - two provincial bargaining councils - canvas goods in Gauteng and laundry in KwaZulu-Natal - eight company group level negotiations and also conduct just over 100 plant level wage bargains.
Wage negotiations with most employers are due to begin in mid-April this year.
At its conclusion later this year, all Sactwu's collective bargaining agreements are expected to cover just over 100 000 workers in our industry, nationally.
The Conference was attended by 400 delegates, 356 of whom were shop stewards representing all Sactwu members in the clothing, textile, footwear, leather, distribution, sheltered employment, laundry and related sectors in all parts of South Africa.
The main purpose of the conference was to consolidate nationally the union's workplace-collected living wage demands - collected among about 85 000 members - for its 2016 round of substantive negotiations.
Demands collected mainly covered wages as well as a range of other collective bargaining related demands, such as retirement benefits improvements, shift allowances, health care provisions, maternity rights, holiday pay and general worker rights issues.
Bettering lives
The conference was opened by Sactwu President Themba Khumalo, who reminded delegates that the union's main task is to look after members' interests first, and to ensure it contributes to bettering members' lives.
Khumalo expressed concern that Sactwu will have a tough year with many challenges because of the state of the economy. He emphasised that the issue of jobs protection and promotion should be at the centre of Sactwu's programme.
Minister of Trade and Industry Rob Davies told delegates he recalled that, on taking office, the clothing, textile, footwear and leather (CTFL) industry was bleeding and was being written off as a "sunset industry".
However, government realised, after engaging with Sactwu and other stakeholders that the right policies were not in place and responded by introducing a new package of support measures for our industry. This has helped to stabilise the industry.
Davies cautioned, however, that there is still much to do though, to grow jobs in the industry. He implored Sactwu to use the conference to develop measures to grow decent work in the industry and to ensure that there is an equitable sharing of the benefits of industry growth.
Minister of Economic Development Ebrahim Patel (Sactwu's previous general secretary) then provided delegates with details on government's six pack of programmes to help the industry, including duty protection, industry development incentives, cheaper industrial loans, fighting customs fraud, government's local procurement promotion programme and skills development.
He set out the opportunities that have arisen, especially with a weak currency and urged the industry to take advantage of it.
Patel also set out some of the challenges and priorities for the period ahead, including the local government elections, deepening the investment in the skills base of ordinary workers, implementing a pro-growth strategy that supported decent work opportunities, unifying and strengthening Cosatu and developing a stronger partnership between workers, investors and the state.
He called on delegates to fight against "corporate capture of the state" and corruption and "to defend the movement of Mandela, Tambo and Luthuli".
Delegates, in turn, voiced strong opinions about defending the ANC against "powerful business families and others who seek to improperly influence decisions".
Cosatu president Sdumo Dlamini told delegates that the federation's influence on society must remain based on its organising power and its capacity to mobilise its members, and on its socio-economic programme of action and policies, as well as its participation in the alliance.
He called on delegates to ensure that Cosatu remains committed to worker control and democracy, and to maintain its independence being conscious of the dangers of being co-opted by employers and politicians.
He called on Sactwu and its the conference to come up with ground breaking resolutions in line with its call for radical economic transformation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Legalize Virginia Festival by O'Connor Brewing and VA NORML (VA) September 10-14 2018
O'Connor Brewing Company and Virginia NORML have teamed up to bring you the very first Legalize Virginia Festival.
Our goal is simple: to help raise awareness around cannabis reform-related issues in Virginia, and to have a good time doing it.
The big party is Friday, 9/14, – Green Can(nabis) Release Party!
Featuring the delicious Nomarama Munchie Market
and DJs, Sky's The Limit Yoga Co, fantastical vendors, dance party, new games in the game room, and a belief that we can help get cannabis laws in Virginia changed much sooner than later
Throughout the week will be a series of forums and workshops that dive deeper into the issues surrounding cananbis reform. All are free and open to the public:
Monday 9/10
Marijuana Saved My Life: Cannabis as Medicine in Virginia (7-8pm)
Growing What's Good: How to Grow Hops…. and Theoretically Also Hemp (8-9pm)
Tuesday 9/11
Equity and Expungement: Talking Marijuana and Race in Virginia (7-8pm)
Entering the Marijuana Industry in Virginia (8-9pm)
Cannabis Quiz Night with bar trivia LIVE
Thursday 9/13
Can Norfolk Legalize Marijuana? A conversation about marijuana reform at the city-level in Virginia. (7-8pm)
Activist School: Becoming a Kick Ass — and Majorly Effective — Marijuana Reform Advocate. The nuts and bolts on how to use your time, talent, and resources to move this issue tangibly forward. Presented by Virginia NORML (8-9pm)
Virginia NORML is leading the way on getting cannabis laws changed in the Commonwealth. For more on them, visit vanorml.org.
The Workshops, Forums and Festival are FREE events and open to the public. Panelists, event partners and moderators to be announced soon!.
Thank you to Veer Magazine for their generous media sponsorship.


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I bought a teddy bear from Build-A-Bear Workshop when I was ten years old. I am seventeen now, a senior in high school. His name was Dylan. He was the best teddy bear a girl could ever ask for. I stuffed him, I filled him with love, and boy, did I love him back.
For seven years, I loved that teddy bear. I slept with him every night of my life, even when I went to sleepovers or hotels. I would always kiss his forehead and wish him a goodnight. It's cheesy, I know, but he's my best friend. One of my oldest best friends.
Today, when I got home from school, tragedy struck. My dog, Chloe, ate Dylan's face to shreds. My mother brought Chloe to the doctors and it was confirmed that the fabric of Dylan's face is in her stomach. Just the face. Not the ears or the tail, or the feet. Just the face. He has no eyes or nose or mouth. Nothing.
It's really upsetting, because I've had that teddy bear since I was little. I'm crying at this moment I write this to you. I mean, I was planning on bringing him to college with me this fall! I took him to sleepovers with girls who would think of how childish I was, on vacation with me, to my grandma's, to camp, etc. I even took him this past summer to Alfred University where I took a workshop and slept in a dorm for one week. (I wasn't the only girl who brought their stuffed animal.) And I never once cared what other people thought of me, even as a seventeen-year-old girl with her teddy bear, because I had him. I had Dylan right in my arms.
And it's not that I want to hold onto my childhood and never grow up. I am very excited to grow up, to go to college, own my own place. But the relationship between a young girl and her teddy bear as she grows up with it is priceless. You can't make up for that time they shared together, or the places they went, or the sleepless nights filled with crying and heartbreak as the young teenage girl experiences her first heartbreak. Your teddy bear is there with you through it all. It never judges, or makes fun of, or laughs. It always knows the right things to say, what to do to comfort you, and make you laugh. It's always there when you need a hug or a friend to just vent to.
I guess they can't live forever. I'm hopefully getting a new one soon, the sad part is that the new one will never replace the old one. But I'm getting Dylan Jr. at Build-A-Bear Workshop. I just wish Build-A-Bear Workshop still had his type of bear, unfortunately, they don't.
But I just want to thank Build-A-Bear Workshop for giving me my teddy bear, Dylan, who helped me through my childhood and almost all of my teenage years. Too bad it was almost.
R.I.P. Dylan Gioia, the best teddy bear a girl could have ever asked for.
Forever in my heart. <3


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Last summer, Alanna and I visited friends in Vermont. We also made it up to Montreal, for a brief trip.
We spent time swimming and fishing in a river, checked out the Biodome, explored Montreal's Botanical Garden, their bars, and restaurants. We managed to mark off quite a few stops in our brewery passport, and had a lot of fun.
45.508670 -73.553992


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[Can't decide what docking hardware to buy? Click for a comparison of many popular docking options]
Skip down to the bottom for a regkey workaround and a tutorial on how to setup your Surface Pro 3 for a seamless multi-mon experience.
Click here for Surface Pro 4 / Surface Book regkey
Update: Check out our demo video of this hack in action with the Vertical Surface dock:
Windows multi-monitor support has improved quite a bit over the years and provides a great productivity experience that is, frankly, superior to other operating systems on the market. The experience is excellent when using multiple monitors of the same type and pixel density (dpi). But what if you have an old low-dpi monitor and a new hi-dpi monitor and want to pair them together? Or what if you buy a new laptop or tablet like the Surface Pro 3 with a beautiful hi-dpi screen but want to use it with your old monitors? Sometimes it just doesn't look right:
You might think that it would be easy to just make stuff a bit bigger on one screen and a bit smaller on the other screen to get them to match up. But behind the scenes its quite a bit more complex than that.
Windows Desktop scaling:
Portions of Windows rely on a set of bitmap graphical assets that are designed to-the-pixel to look awesome. What this means is that if the asset is 40×40 pixels and displayed at 100% scaling on screen, it takes up 40×40 pixels and looks exactly as the designer intended. Depending on the physical dpi of the screen, that 40×40 pixel bitmap might be 2 inches tall (84″ 1080p television) or 1/10″ tall (Google Nexus 5 1080p phone). To account for different physical screen dpi and typical viewing distances, Windows has the ability to scale the size of these bitmap assets. If you scale to 200%, that 40×40 image becomes 80×80. Many of the assets in Windows are stored at multiple scaling levels so that they do not need to be scaled on the fly. This saves processing time and allows the assets to be optimized for each scaling level exactly rather than relying on a generic anti-aliasing or interpolation scheme. For Desktop, these pre-set scaling levels, or plateaus are 100%, 125%, 150%, 200%, 250% etc. When using these scaling plateaus with monitors that have different dpi, Windows 8.1 can set one scaling level for one monitor and another scaling level for a different monitor so that the sizes match up as closely as possible. This setting is done behind the scenes and uses a formula that takes into account the physical screen size and physical dpi to get the best match. Windows 8.1 does not expose an interface to the user to choose different dpi scaling per monitor. (Windows 10 does but still has some limitations.) Most of the time, the automatic matching works great, but not always. Windows has the ability to set an arbitrary system-wide scaling factor as well such as 107% but this disables the ability to set independent scaling factors per monitor and the scaling is done on the fly which can have a minor impact on performance but potentially a major impact on visual quality for some applications. Other portions of Windows use vector graphics which are suited to scaling by their very nature and work well across all scaling schemes.
Microsoft Office and many 3rd-party applications are designed with dpi-scaling in mind and work well at the various pre-set dpi-scaling plateaus. Some 3rd-party apps and legacy Microsoft apps that are dpi-unaware don't look very good when scaled. Sometimes certain UI elements or fonts look a little blurry because of the generic anti-aliasing/interpolation scheme being used. In other cases, certain portions of the UI may be scaled and other portions are not. MSDN has provided developer guidance on how to account for dpi-scaling since the Introduction of Windows Vista Beta in 2005. 9 years later, most applications are following this guidance pretty well, but some still fail miserably.
More on viewing distance vs physical dpi:
Typical laptop/tablet users have the screen placed about 20-25″ away from their eyes. Desktop monitors are typically pushed back to 30″ or so. That extra 5-10″ is a big difference and the visual system has a much harder time distinguishing individual pixels at that distance. Windows takes advantage of this fact and makes assumptions about the typical viewing distance based on the monitor size, then chooses a dpi-scaling factor based on the viewing distance and physical-dpi combined. The goal is to have on-screen UI look approximately the same size across a wide variety of use cases. There are some standard approaches for choosing the ideal screen viewing distance based upon the properties of the screen, content being displayed and the abilities of the average human visual system: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance#Human_visual_system_limitation The key takeaway is that the closer your eyes are to the screen, the more dpi matters. What this means in practical terms is that if the screen is too far away you may not be able to see any additional detail with fancy 4k monitors.
This approach breaks down when you pair a large monitor optimized for a 30″ viewing distance with a laptop optimized for 20″ viewing distance and the result is that objects on one screen look larger than than on the other. The results look even worse if the physical dpi of the two screens are vastly different as is the case with modern laptops vs regular 1080p monitors. So what can be done?
Choosing monitors:
We already know that Windows works really well for most applications when the default scaling plateaus like 150%, 200% are used. What if you have a monitor with 100dpi and another with 115dpi, what scaling factor should be chosen for optimal results? Using the default scaling plateaus, it will be impossible to get the sizes to match up exactly. For example, if you have both screens at 100%, then UI will appear 13% smaller on the 115dpi screen (100/115=87%). If you choose 100% on the 100dpi screen and 125% on the 115dpi screen, the sizes match up closer but there are potential side effects. For example depending on the application, dragging a window from one screen to the other will cause an artifact where the window size will change as you cross over to the other monitor and all the text will re-align to be optimized for the other monitor. Because applications may handle this differently (FireFox vs Internet Explorer is a good example) user perception is an overall inconsistent experience. Many people don't mind, but it certainly isn't ideal.
To avoid some of these issues, you can choose monitors that either have the same physical dpi, or choose monitors with a pixel density that maps to the scaling plateaus like 125% or 150% very closely. Also there are some tricks where you can change the screen resolution to something other than the native panel resolution (something that is usually discouraged for visual quality reasons) yet achieve better results than built-in dpi-scaling.
Case study: Surface Pro 3 multi-mon:
The Surface Pro 3 screen is wonderful with a 2160×1440 resolution in just 12″ (216dpi). Given all the info above, how would you choose a monitor to pair with it? The ideal monitor would have the exact same dpi. Unfortunately, there are few monitors on the market with ~216 dpi:
- IBM T221/ViewSonic VP2290B 3840×2400 resolution @204dpi costs $1000 used on ebay
- Dell UltraSharp 27″ 5K 5120×2880 resolution @218dpi costs $1650
But what if we target half that dpi? It turns out that a few standard monitor sizes are about half the dpi and quite economical:
- 21.5″ 1920×1080 HD panels @103dpi ~$120 (Asus VS229H-P)
- 27″ 2560×1440 WQHD panels @109dpi ~$400-$700 (Dell U2713HM)
- 39″ 3840×2160 4K panels @102-113dpi ~$400 (39-43″ UHD HDMI 2..0 monitors)
Ok so what? Half the dpi still doesn't match. Well If we could set 100% scaling on the desktop monitor and 200% on the tablet screen that would be ideal. Unfortunately because of the assumptions Windows 8.1 makes about screen size and viewing distance, the SP3 screen is set at 150% instead, so it doesn't match up.
But there is a simple workaround. We already know that the further away the screen is, the less dpi matters. If the SP3 screen is ~30″ away right next to your desktop monitors, why not avoid software dpi scaling altogether and let the GPU and panel take care of it? Instead of using the native 216dpi, you can drop that in half to 108dpi to match the external monitor. GPUs and panels are *really* good at scaling to even integer divisors of the native resolution and look quite crisp. With the SP3 oriented in portrait configuration and held by hand right next to a 21.5″ panel it matches almost exactly:
Unfortunately, the Surface Pro 3 does not let you set this resolution or other 3:2 aspect ratio resolutions by default. You can set some lower-resolution 16:9 aspect ratio resolutions but that will result in letterboxing or black bars on screen. So we need to tweak things around to get the proper resolutions. The same methods can be used for other premium laptops.
Regkey method:
- backup your system (use at own risk – modifying the registry can have side effects and precautions such as backing up your data should be taken before modifying your PC
- download the .reg file
- double-click the .reg file and click OK to import it into your registry
- Having trouble importing a .reg file when downloading via the MS Edge browser in Windows 10? That's probably because it is auto-renaming to .txt for safety. You can rename it back to .reg or import the .txt file from within regedit.exe. Or just download with Internet Explorer or FireFox instead.
- Reboot OR follow these steps to reset the Intel display driver
- open Device Manager
- open the Display Adapters
- right-click "Intel HD Graphics…" GPU and click "disable"
- click "Yes"
- after the monitors stop flashing, right-click the Intel GPU again and click "enable"
- open System – Display – Advanced display settings in control panel and choose your preferred resolution
Add custom resolution to Surface Pro 3 (manual method):
- disconnect all external monitors and set the Surface Pro 3 screen to default scaling settings of 150%, then log off and log on
- download the latest 64-bit .zip package for the Intel 4th gen Core graphics driver: https://downloadcenter.intel.com/search?keyword=Intel+HD+Graphics+4600
- unzip the driver and use the "Have Disk" method to force install over the default Surface Pro 3 driver:
- start Device Manager
- expand – "Display Adapters"
- right-click on the Intel HD Graphics entry and select "Update Driver Software"
- click "Browse my computer for driver software"
- click "Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer"
- click "Have Disk"
- browse to the unzipped driver driver folder Graphicsigdlh64.inf or similar
- click "Open" then "OK" then "Next"
- after the driver installation completes, reboot
- Right-click on the desktop and select "Graphics Properties"
- Reboot
- Connect all your desktop monitors and use the Display control panel to switch the Surface screen to the new 1080×720 landscape or 720×1080 portrait mode
- On the start screen type in "adjust screen resolution" to open the Display control panel
- Click on the representation of the Surface Pro 3 screen
- Click the Resolution drop down box and select your newly added resolution, then click "apply"
- Click on the representation of the external monitor and click the "make this my main display" checkbox and click "apply"
- Move the representations of the two monitors around to your liking
- Close the Control panel and enjoy!
Other thoughts:
Low res for desktop, full res for mobile – switch automatically without logoff/login!
A benefit of this approach is that Windows remembers all the different multi-monitor configurations (topologies) that have been used in the past. So even though 1080×720 is set when connected to your specific external monitors, once you unplug those monitors, the SP3 will go back to the native 2160×1440 mode with 150% scaling. So you don't have to sacrifice the fantastic screen. You get hi-dpi when using the SP3 closer to your eyes in tablet/laptop mode, and low-dpi when using it further away where you can't see the individual pixels anyway. Its the best of both worlds! And you don't need to logoff/login to switch back and forth. Just dock and un-dock.
Modern apps in Win 8.1 – use 1152×768 instead:
When the Surface screen is in low-res docked mode at 1080×720, it is lower than the minimum resolution required to run a modern app (1024×768) and you'll get a resolution error. You can work-around this by switching the start screen to the desktop monitor and by making the external screen your main display so that apps open on that monitor instead. If you only use desktop applications, this isn't an issue. but you can also try setting one of the other 3:2 aspect ratio resolutions like 1152×768 to re-enable modern apps on the SP3 panel in docked mode.
Other settings to try:
You may want to experiment with different dpi-scaling settings in addition to the resolution settings. For example, I keep the "system dpi setting" at 150% which is the default. When the tablet is not docked, everything is scaled to 150%. When the tablet is docked, the tablet screen resolution drops and its scaling factor is set to 100% as is the external screen. But if you run dxdiag.exe in docked mode and click "save all info", you'll see the "system dpi setting" is still 150%. This way often works well but you may notice many Adobe applications look too big when run in docked mode because they are honoring the system dpi setting of 150% instead of the per-monitor dpi setting. That is the fault of the application, not the Surface or Windows. One workaround for these programs is to right-click on the .exe file, and on the compatibility tab under settings, ensure that "disable display scaling on high DPI settings" is checked. You may notice that if you keep programs open when docking and undocking, their on-screen size may change after the transition. If this bothers you, just close the app and re-start it. This gets better with the most recent Windows 10 update, but it is not entirely solved. In any case this is what works for me with Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 and I love my Surface Pro 3 even more with these simple tweaks.
- Windows 8 dpi scaling overview: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/03/21/scaling-to-different-screens.aspx
- Windows 8.1 dpi scaling overview: http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2013/07/15/windows-8-1-dpi-scaling-enhancements/
- Hi-dpi support for IT pros: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn528842.aspx
- DPI aware MSDN guidance: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms701681(v=vs.85).aspx
- DPI-aware multi mon WPF application guidance: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ee308410(v=vs.85).aspx
- My surfaceforums dpi tweak thread: http://www.surfaceforums.net/threads/sp3-multi-mon-dpi-scaling-tweak.10806/
- HDTV ideal viewing distance formula: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance#Human_visual_system_limitation
Back to main blog: https://dancharblog.wordpress.com


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Threat Report
As we approach Halloween, it has been a frightening week in security. We have an ancient Zero-Day rising from the shadows, government data being sucked dry by a data breach, and monstrous malware kidnapping your codes. Don't get spooked!
Cashdollar Hits Jackpot with Discovery of 8-year-old Zero-Day
Larry Cashdollar, a security researcher from Akamai SIRT, has recently discovered a zero-day vulnerability in jQuery File Upload plugin (CVE-2018-9206). This vulnerability enables the attackers to upload malicious files to servers, such as rootkits, backdoors, and other malware. Based on Cashdollar's research, the vulnerability has been exploited before 2016. There was an uploaded video in YouTube dating back to August 2015 about bug tutorials in jQuery File Upload, noting that hackers have been widely exploiting the vulnerability.
Cashdollar notified the vulnerability to Sebastian Tschan (aka Blueimp), a German developer who authored the jQuery File Upload plugin. Tschan conducted his own research and found out that the root cause lies in the security changes via ".htaccess" in the Apache Web Server (Apache HTTPD Server Version 2.3.9) dating back to 2010. This update allows the owner to ignore custom security settings for individual directories. Unknowingly, the jQuery File Upload plugin of Tschan rely on ".htaccess", which was active by default. All versions of the plugin are vulnerable up to 9.22.1.
The plugin has been integrated to thousands of projects such as content management systems (CMS), customer relationship management (CRM), intranet solutions, WordPress plugins, Drupal add-ons, and Joomla components - to name a few. The jQuery File Upload plugin has been forked in GitHub over 7,800 times. Cashdollar has used his proof of concept (POC) and tested 1,000 of 7,800 forks of the GitHub plugin and found out that all were exploitable. But GitHub forks of this vulnerable code are only one part of the problem. There is no way to track applications that have integrated jQuery File Upload plugin without forking through GitHub. Cashdollar has notified US-CERT due to the seriousness of the vulnerability.
This is a critical vulnerability and can allow an attacker to remotely gain control of vulnerable applications. It is amazing that this hasn't been discovered more recently since it has been on YouTube for three years. It's time to start writing YouTube scrapers into our open source intel tools. If you are using a jQuery File Upload plugin or a forked version of this vulnerable code in your application, you should upgrade immediately. If you're including unknown open source code into your application, you should attempt a security review of the code.
75,000 Individuals' Records Compromised from HealthCare.gov
AP News reports that roughly 75,000 individuals' records have been compromised in a HealthCare.gov security breach. On October 19, 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released an official statement explaining that on October 13 they detected suspicious activity in the Federally Facilitated Exchange's (FFE's) Direct Enrollment Pathway. A system designed to allow agents and brokers to help customers apply for coverage in the FFE. An official data breach was declared on October 16. CMS states that agent and broker accounts associated with the suspicious activity were deactivated and the Direct Enrollment Pathway for agents and brokers was also disabled.
Officials determined that roughly 75,000 individuals' records were accessed during the breach but note that this is a "small fraction" of the FFE's total consumer records. CMS officials are currently working to identify all individuals impacted by the breach so that they may be notified and offered credit protection. CMS officials also state that open enrollment on HealthCare[.]gov and the Marketplace Call Center are presently available for the general public. A more secure Direct Enrollment Pathway system will be restored for agents and brokers within the next seven days. The statement adds that CMS is in the beginning stages of the assessment of the breach.
Since only some suspicious accounts were associated with the suspicious activity it is likely that this was the result of weak passwords being brute forced or password stealing malware on users' machines.
Release the Kraken: New Variant on Kraken Cryptor Ransomware
Bleeping Computer has recently published a report about a new variant of Kraken Cryptor ransomware being distributed via malvertising and through the RIG exploit kit. The new Kraken Cryptor version 2.0.6 was first detected by security researchers @nao_sec and @kafeine and shared with Bleeping Computer.
Through the shared file hashes and information, Bleeping Computer was able to determine that this ransomware was able to infect 217 unique victims globally since October 20, 2018. Interestingly, this new variant connects to "bleepingcomputer.com" during different stages of the encryption process. It is still not certain on what the motive is for connecting to BleepingComputer during encryption. BleepingComputer owner Lawrence Abrams says it is just to poke on them since BleepingComputer has tackled Kraken Cryptor ransomware in the past.
The request to the URL shortening services is encrypted. So, you likely won't be able to see the user-agent or referrer unless you utilize a forward proxy to inspect outbound traffic. However, you should see an encrypted connection to 2no.co domain and then a redirect to bleepingcomputer.com.
- 2no[.]co (legit url shortening service)
- bleepingcomputer[.]com (legit site haunted by a vengeful ghost)
HTTP User-agent:
- Kraken web request agent/v2.0.6
HTTP Referrer:
- country code + drive size + status
We know that Ransomware can be scary, so we asked Perchy to look around for this new variant. Perchy says, no traffic in the last 30 days is consistent with indicators for the newly released variant of Kraken Cryptor. All Perch customers are clear, and no infection was seen.
We'd love to hear your thoughts. Find us on Twitter, LinkedIn or write in to email@example.com
Next: Threat Report Thursday October 17th 2018Share this on:


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Search found 2 matches
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- Thu Oct 19, 2017 9:51 am
- Forum: General Chat
- Topic: GPS updates and collars
- Replies: 2
- Views: 1031
GPS updates and collars
So wondering if anyone has come across this issue with the GPS collars from Garmin. We have 4 dc40 collars, 3 guys with older astro 320s that have not been updated. However we have a small pup that we want to get a t5 mini collar for. We have heard the old software can't run the mini collars. If we ...
- Thu Oct 19, 2017 9:36 am
- Forum: New Members: Please Introduce Yourself
- Topic: A little about you...
- Replies: 1085
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Re: A little about you...
Hey there I'm Jess, from just outside Ottawa Ontario Canada. I'm and electrician and love my dogs and hunting. Looking forward too getting to learn some new things from everyone. Thanks!
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Get ready for trivia!
During the month of October, a disability fact will go out on Monday of each week. A question will be posted on the following Wednesday. All responses should be sent to email@example.com from your school email by Friday at 12:00 noon.
If you submit the correct answer, you will be entered into a random drawing to win a Titans Pack at the end of the month!
The winner will be notified by email.


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About the Team
My Valencia Photographer is a wedding photography studio lead by Maria and Santiago. Pure Valencia photography, as they are based in the city since 2010. They got married themselves in 2015 in Punta Cana, in the beautiful caribbean. Lovers of visual arts, jazz music, sunny weather, and of course, taking pictures of the best moments of life. They have been picturing weddings intenationally since 2012 and they have gained allowance to three of the world best wedding photographers associations: Fearless Photographers, WPJA and ISPWP. Only a few photographers are allowed in every year in those organizations. Some of their images have also been awarded.
They also have a passion for travel photography. This passion has lead them to travel around all Europe and the Caribbean while taking many many many pictures. Some of those have been published in media like The Guardian or The New York Times. Santiago and Maria are always learning new techniques, meeting people and going places, and they continue developing their personal photographic vision every day. They are known as easy people to work with. They have got good communications skills -as they speak 3 languages- and they are usually in great mood for new people and exciting projects.
As she enjoyed her wedding so much, she is now helping other brides in getting the job done. She is also a part time event management teacher at university, so it could could be said she knows how to handle a wedding.
- Event Management 93% 93%
- Customer Service 91% 91%
- Public Relations 86% 86%
Santiago studied Design Engineering but he started picturing weddings in 2009 and has never stopped since. He has witnessed more than 200 love stories from all kind of people and in all kind of places. He will adapt to any special requirement in less than you say I do.
- Problem Solver 92% 92%
- Wedding Photography 89% 89%
- Creative Thinking 96% 96%
About The Company
Timely Support
Check with us today and we will answer all your enquiries regarding Valencia photography in less than 24 hours. Our job is delivered in just a couple of weeks after the wedding.
Innovative Ideas
We offer password protected online galleries to our customers, all the images can be shared privately by our clients.
Advanced Technology
All of our jobs can be delivered via download link. It is very easy to have our pictures directly in your computer.
Clear Communication
Our booking process is easy and safe. All the wedding details will be provided in advance, and a service agreement will be signed.
From Our Blog – Valencia Photography
Hotel en Benimamet, Valencia
Hotel en Benimamet, Valencia Imagenes para establecimiento hotelero hotel de tamaño pequeño cercano a la Feria de Muestras de Valencia. Renovación de imagenes de en zonas comunes y habitaciones.
Fotografia MICE eventos Valencia
Documentacion de viaje de incentivos de una compañia alemana del sector de la automoción en la ciudad de Valencia.
Fotografía para Real Estate | Apartamentos de Lujo en el Caribe
Fotografías para una promoción de apartamentos de lujo en una de las mejores playas del Caribe dominicano. GuardarGuardar
My Valencia Photographer Recent Jobs
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If you are interested in working together, send us an inquiry and we will get back to you as soon as we can with ideas and an estimation.


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Sunday, July 26, 2015
Science Adds Weight to the Pope's Environmental Encyclical
It is important to understand the amount of scientific research that went into the Pope's encyclical. For many months those who were assisting the pope and the pope himself consulted with scientific experts in their respective fields.
Thursday, July 16, 2015
The Environmental Encyclical of Pope Francis Calls for Revolution
The zeal surrounding the recently released encyclical of Pope Francis is as revolutionary in modern times as the message which it conveys. In his unprecedented encyclical called "Laudato Sii", or ""Praised Be", the pope has called for a " bold cultural revolution" to tackle environmental and social problems. Pope Francis has made waves around the world with his historic call for climate action. The Pontiff addressed the need for a revolutionary change in the hearts and minds of people in terms of the way we treat the Earth and each other.
Friday, July 10, 2015
Episcopal Church Votes to Divest from Fossil Fuels as a Moral Issue
Two weeks after the pope's pastoral letter on the environment, the divestment decision by a major US Protestant denomination underscored that climate change is increasingly seen by religious leaders as a deeply moral issue.
The measure, adopted by the governing body at a meeting in Salt Lake City, commits the church to quit fossil fuels and re-invest in clean energy.
Friday, July 3, 2015
Pope Francis' Moral Call to Environmental Action
The new encyclical written by pope Francis may draw heavily upon science, but it is ultimately a moral call to environmental and social action. Moral and faith based advocacy of climate action is of immense benefit in reaching those who are not familiar with the merits of science. We have needed a new narrative for some time and now we are seeing the beginning of a positive narrative take shape.
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Contributed by: Phil Trotter
Get three volunteers to stand in front of the group and have a race to blow up a balloon – till it bursts!
Tags: audience, balloon, game, up front
Categories: Up Front Games
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Resourced! is all about resourcing Anglican youth ministries in New Zealand. Here you'll find resources for youth leaders, resources that engage young people, resources that build strong, vibrant Christ-centred youth ministries: "to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ," Ephesians 4:12. More about Resourced!
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Call for papers
CMSB 2015 solicits original research articles on the analysis of biological systems, networks, data, and corresponding application domains. The conference brings together computer scientists, biologists, mathematicians, engineers, and physicists interested in a system-level understanding of biological processes. It covers both academic research as well as industrial applications.
Case studies in systems and synthetic biology are especially encouraged.
Submitted papers should describe original work that has not been previously published and is not under review for publication elsewhere. Papers must conform the LNCS style (instructions for authors with LaTeX and Word styles can be found here). They have to be submitted electronically as PDF files via EasyChair. The limit for submissions is 12 pages. Appendices will not not be counted in the page limit.
Proceedings of CMSB 2015 will be published as a volume in Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer Science / Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics series (LNCS/LNBI).
After the conference, a selection of papers will be invited to be extended and submitted to a special issue of a journal.
A limited number of travel stipends for students and postdocs will be available.
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This Google Group serves as an open forum for the Washington Square Minyan community to publicize events beyond those sponsored by the minyan. We use it to share events that might be relevant for the community, to offer or request services, and to post relevant articles. The group is moderated.
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Clinical Science
Xinxiao Gao, MD, PhD; Anthony Obeid, MD; Christopher M. Aderman, MD; Ferhina S. Ali, MD; James F. Vander, MD; Jason Hsu, MD; Allen C. Ho, MD
To determine the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in younger adults.
The outcomes of CRVO patients age 40 years or younger with baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (VA) between 1.30 (20/400 Snellen equivalent) and 0.30 (20/40 Snellen equivalent) and central retinal thickness (CRT) greater than 250 μm were reviewed. VA and CRT were measured at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12.
Seventeen eyes of 17 young CRVO patients were included in this study. The logMAR VA improved significantly from 0.64 (20/87 Snellen equivalent) to 0.14 (20/28 Snellen equivalent) 12 months following treatments (P < .001). The CRT decreased from 619 μm ± 238 μm at baseline to 290 μm ± 34 μm at 12 months (P < .001).
Anti-VEGF injections appear to be effective for macular edema regression and vision improvement in younger adults with CRVO over 12 months of follow-up.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e96–e104.]
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the more common retinal vascular diseases leading to vision loss, which is often a result of macular edema.1,2 In a Canadian cohort study, the annual incidence of visual loss due to macular edema associated with CRVO was 0.021%.3 As a potent cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the development of macular edema.4 The likely mechanism involves vascular hyperpermeability and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier.5 Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy for macular edema secondary to CRVO, with improved visual acuity (VA) and reduced central macular thickness.6–8 These studies included a wide age range, however, and did not specifically describe the outcomes of young patients with CRVO following anti-VEGF therapy.
CRVO in younger adults is less common, with the underlying etiology still poorly understood. Little is known about the prevalence and pathogenesis of macular edema in these patients. Furthermore, the clinical course, predisposing factors, and treatment outcomes for this population are not well established. Prior studies have reported the efficacy of intravitreal corticosteroids, such as the dexamethasone implant or triamcinolone, for young CRVO patients with macular edema.9,10 However, long-term side effects, including cataract formation and high intraocular pressure (IOP), remain concerns with steroid therapy. Although the phase 3 CRUISE study clearly established the effectiveness of ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for macular edema associated with CRVO, the age range of treated patients was between 38 years and 90 years (mean ± standard deviation: 69.7 years ± 11.6 years) in the 0.3 mg ranibizumab arm.11 Similarly, the average age of CRVO patients, who received intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) injections, was 65.5 ± 13.57 years in the COPERNICUS study.12 As a result, the purpose of our study was to explore the outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy in young patients 40 years old or younger with macular edema due to CRVO.
This retrospective, noncomparative case series included 17 consecutive patients with macular edema due to CRVO who received at least one intravitreal anti-VEGF injection at the Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital and the outpatient offices of Mid Atlantic Retina from January 2012 to January 2017. Eligible participants were aged between 18 and 40 years, had Snellen VA ranging from 20/400 to 20/40 (corresponding to 1.30 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] and 0.30 logMAR), and had central retinal thickness (CRT) greater than 250 μm at presentation. Patients with diabetic macular edema, vitreomacular traction syndrome, neovascular glaucoma secondary to CRVO, or history of treatment with laser therapy or intravitreal steroid injection were excluded from the study. The clinical visit closest to 12 months, ranging from 9 months to 15 months, was defined as 12-month follow-up.13 This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board at Wills Eye Hospital.
Patient demographics, examination, and treatment data were extracted from medical records. Laboratory testing results including plasma homocysteine level, protein C activity, protein S activity, and antithrombin III activity were obtained. Snellen VA measurements were collected using distance correction or best pinhole correction. IOP was measured using the hand-held Tono-Pen XL (Reichert, Depew, NY) prior to dilation and injection. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA+OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) scans were obtained from all eyes using eye tracking for follow-up measurements at each visit. CRT values were determined as the thickness of the center subfield (1 mm diameter around the central macula) using the integrated software.12 Repeated intravitreal injections were performed on a treat-and-extend or pro re nata basis at the discretion of the injecting physician when any subretinal or intraretinal fluid was detected.
All intravitreal injections were performed in an office-based setting. Following two cycles of topical anesthesia, the conjunctival fornices of the eyes were irrigated with 5% povidone-iodine (Betadine 5%; Alcon Labs, Fort Worth, TX). An intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg/0.05 mL bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab or 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept was injected via pars plana using a 30-gauge needle at 3.0 to 4.0 mm from the limbus.
The primary endpoint was the mean change in logMAR VA from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the mean change in logMAR VA and CRT from baseline to months 1, 3, 6 and 12 and the number of anti-VEGF injections during the course of 12 months.
Snellen VA was converted into logMAR scores for statistical analysis. The paired Student t-test was performed to evaluate the changes in logMAR VA and CRT. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the significant predictors for logMAR VA at 12 months and improvement of logMAR VA. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.
Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO were identified and received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in this study. There were nine males (52.9%) and eight females (47.1%), with a mean age of 28.5 years ± 7.3 years. The mean follow-up duration was 26.9 months (range: 10 months to 70 months). Among these, 10 patients had more than 2 years of follow-up.
The demographics data are shown in Table 1. All the cases had unilateral involvement, with nine right eyes and eight left eyes. The majority (94.1%) was phakic, including four eyes with cataracts. Five patients had systemic hypertension, three were smokers, and there were no diabetics. The laboratory test results showed that one patient had an elevated protein C and protein S activity, four patients had increased activity of antithrombin III, and none of the patients had abnormally high blood level of homocysteine. None of the patients had been on oral contraceptives at the time of diagnosis.
Table 1:
Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients 40 Years or Younger
At the 12-month follow-up visit, the mean VA improved to 0.14 logMAR (20/28 Snellen equivalent) from a baseline of 0.64 logMAR (20/87 Snellen equivalent), an average improvement of 0.5 logMAR units (P < .001). Twelve of the 17 eyes (70.6%) gained three or more lines of vision. No patients had worsened VA compared with baseline.
The mean VA improved to 0.30 logMAR (20/40 Snellen equivalent) by the 1-month follow-up visit (P = .002), 0.37 logMAR (20/47 Snellen equivalent) by the 3-month visit (P = .024), 0.18 logMAR (20/30 Snellen equivalent) by the 6-month visit (P < .001), and 0.14 logMAR (20/28 Snellen equivalent) by the final 12-month follow-up visit (P < .001) (Figure 1).
Figure 1.
Mean change of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity from baseline to 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months following treatment. The plotted bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Statistically significant change compared with baseline values, *P < .05 and **P < .001.
The mean changes in CRT during the 12-month study period are shown in Figure 2. Mean CRT decreased from a baseline of 619 μm ± 238 μm to 326 ± 47 μm at the 1-month visit (P < .001), 389 μm ± 124 μm at the 3-month visit (P = .002), 310 μm ± 48 μm at the 6-month visit (P < .001), and 290 μm ± 34 μm at the 12-month visit (P < .001). Twelve months after initiating anti-VEGF therapy, none of the eyes showed an increase in CRT. Eleven eyes (64.7%) had an improvement of at least 30.0% in CRT, and 11 eyes (64.7%) had CRT of 300 μm or less. At baseline, 16 patients (94.1%) had intraretinal edema and 11 (64.7%) had subretinal fluid (SRF) on OCT. At 12-month follow-up, only four patients still had evidence of intraretinal edema and none had SRF. Figure 3 shows a representative case in a young CRVO patient receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections during 12-month follow-up.
Figure 2.
Mean change of central retinal thickness from baseline to 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months following treatment. The plotted bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Statistically significant change compared with baseline values, *P < .05 and **P < .001.
Figure 3.
A representative case in a young patient with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. (A) Color photography demonstrates CRVO changes in a treatment-naïve 31-year-old male patient (Case 13), with engorged retinal veins, extensive retinal hemorrhages, and macular edema. (B) Fluorescein angiography shows staining along the large retinal veins, with hypofluorescence due to masking by retinal hemorrhages. (C) Baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals macular edema before treatment, with intraretinal and subretinal fluid. (D to G) OCT images demonstrate resolution of macular edema and decreased central retinal thickness at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits following intravitreal ranibizumab injections.
Patients underwent a mean of 4.9 injections over the course of 1 year, with a mean interval of 45.8 days between injections (Figure 4). Following the initial injection, 13 eyes (76.5%) underwent a second injection at a mean interval of 57.1 days (range: 28 days to 280 days) and 10 eyes (58.8%) received a third injection at a mean of 39.0 days (range: 28 days to 70 days). After a single injection, five eyes (29.4%) showed an improvement in logMAR VA of more than 0.2 log units or a decrease in CRT of more than 30.0% at 1 month following treatment. In total, 17 injections of bevacizumab, 48 injections of ranibizumab, and 19 injections of aflibercept were used during the first 12 months of treatment. Of note, among 12 patients who had follow-up visits of more than 12 months, five of them (41.7%) needed further treatment for persistent or recurrent macular edema after 12-month follow-up.
Figure 4.
Number and duration of all injections in 12-months follow-up.
The results of a multiple linear regression analysis are shown in Table 2 with logMAR VA at 12 months and improvement of logMAR VA as dependent variables. An inverse correlation was found between baseline logMAR VA and improvement of logMAR VA (95% confidence interval, −1.052 to −0.588, P < .001), indicating that worse VA at baseline had better gains in VA following treatment. No correlation was detected between baseline and 12-month logMAR VA. The analysis also revealed that age and baseline CRT were not significant predictors of logMAR VA improvement (P > .05).
Table 2:
Multivariate Linear Regression for VA at 12 Months and Improvement of VA During 12 Months
No ocular or systemic complications related to anti-VEGF injections were noted during the 12 months of this study.
In this retrospective study, we report that intravitreal anti-VEGF injection resulted in significant improvements in retinal thickness and VA in young adults with macular edema secondary to CRVO. Twelve of the 17 eyes (70.6%) achieved an improvement of three or more lines in VA, and 11 eyes (64.7%) had a decrease in CRT by 30.0% at 12-month follow-up. In addition, no obvious adverse events were observed during the treatment. These findings support the role of anti-VEGF therapy as a potentially effective treatment for macular edema due to CRVO in patients 40 years or younger.
The etiology and risk factors remain unclear for CRVO in young patients, especially for those with macular edema. Commonly associated systemic conditions include hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.14 A recent study showed that the prevalence of systemic hypertension and diabetes was 25.7% and 11.4%, respectively, in CRVO adults aged 50 years or younger in a retrospective chart review.15 In our study, 29.4% patients had systemic hypertension, whereas none had diabetes. However, only patients with macular edema and VA from 20/400 to 20/40 were included, and patients with underlying diabetic macular edema were excluded in our series. Another potential risk factor is coagulopathies, although there is no clear consensus on how frequently it plays an underlying role. Several previous reports showed that hypercoagulable states, such as elevated plasma homocysteine, were associated with CRVO.16–18 More recent studies have argued that these risk factors appear to be uncommon in young patients with CRVO.19,20 Although only a few patients were found to have abnormal anticoagulant activity and none of them had elevated plasma homocysteine in our study, the small sample of this series makes it hard to determine how often hypercoagulability plays a role in younger patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the etiology and risk factors for this population.
Currently, there is no consensus on the natural history and prognosis for young patients with CRVO and macular edema. In one case series of 57 CRVO patients who were 55 years or younger, six patients with at least 24 months of follow-up experienced further declining vision after the 12-month follow-up visit, mostly attributed to the development of macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage. However, there are no more details of natural history for the patients with macular edema.21 Another study investigated 20 subjects 40 years or younger with CRVO and found evidence of macular edema in 11 cases at the first visit. After the follow-up duration of 6 months to 158 months, the macular edema had worsened in six cases and resolved in only one case.22 In another retrospective case review of CRVO in a young Chinese population, seven out of 22 (31.8%) patients 40 years or younger had macular edema after a mean follow-up of 37 months. However, all seven of these patients received treatment, including intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in four patients, vitrectomy in three patients, radial optic neurotomy in three patients, and panretinal photocoagulation in one patient. After therapy, 28.6% patients had an improvement in VA, 14.3% worsened, and 57.1% remained stable.23 In contrast, 82.4% of our patients had an improvement in VA with anti-VEGF therapy and none worsened.
Many treatments have been used for young patients with CRVO and macular edema, although no studies support a clear standard of care. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group found that macular grid photocoagulation significantly reduced macular edema, but there was limited VA benefit in the subgroup of CRVO patients younger than 60 years old.24 In a prospective case series of 16 CRVO patients under the age of 50 years, the dexamethasone implant was found to improve both VA and central foveal thickness after 12 months of follow-up. Elevated IOP was found in five eyes (31%), although this was controlled with topical therapy.9 More recently, the SCORE2 study investigated the efficacy of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab or aflibercept for macular edema secondary to CRVO and hemi-retinal vein occlusion.25 In patients 65 years old and younger, 97 of 131 (74.0%) patients had improvement in visual acuity at 6 months compared with only 123 of 217 patients (56.7%) in the older cohort. Multivariate analysis confirmed that younger age was associated with greater 6-month VA improvement. These findings are consistent with our study in which 70.6% of our young CRVO population experienced a gain of three or more lines of vision at the 1-year follow-up. Thus, our results provide further evidence of the beneficial effect of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in young subjects.
We performed multiple linear regression to identify the significant factors associated with visual outcome after anti-VEGF treatment. Our results suggested that patients with lower visual acuity at baseline had better visual gain at 12 months. Similarly, it is indicated in prior studies that patients with better preoperative VA had less range of improvement.26,27
There are several limitations to our retrospective study. First, we had a limited number of patients. However, this is consistent with the rare presentation of CRVO in young adults under 50 years of age, in which the prevalence has been reported to be 7.5% to 19.8%.14 Our study included subjects who were even younger, in whom CRVO is likely even more uncommon. Additionally, different anti-VEGF drugs were used with some heterogeneity in the treatment algorithm, which was dictated by each individual provider, and may have affected outcomes. Furthermore, our study lacks a control group for comparison because some suggest it is unethical to observe rather than to treat in this scenario. Unfortunately, there are no studies focusing on the natural history of CRVO patients 40 years old or younger. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that spontaneous resolution may have contributed to the good outcomes.
In conclusion, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections appear effective in improving VA and decreasing CRT in young patients with macular edema due to CRVO. Future prospective studies with larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up will be helpful to confirm these findings and determine long-term outcomes and prognosis.
From Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (XG, AO, CMA, FSA, JFV, JH, ACH);and Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (XG).
Presented in part at the Retina Society, Boston, October 6, 2017.
Dr. Hsu has received grants from Roche/Genentech, Ophthotech, and Santen and personal fees from Ophthotech and UCB. Dr. Ho has served as a consultant for and received research grant funding from Allergan, Regeneron, and Genentech. The remaining authors report no relevant financial disclosures.
Address correspondence to Allen C. Ho, MD, Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Suite 1020, 840 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107; email:
Copyright 2019, SLACK Incorporated
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报告题目:Numerical Simulation of Moving Contact Lines
报告人:Dr. Yi Sui(隋义)
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Homepage: http://www.sems.qmul.ac.uk/staff/?y.sui
时间:4月29日(星期三) 14:30
Flows involving moving contact lines (MCLs) are widely found in nature and industry. A major challenge in modelling MCLs is that the conventional hydrodynamic theory combined with a no-slip boundary condition at the wall
leads to a non-integrable stress singularity at the contact line. In this seminar I will first review the major theoretical models and computational methods for moving contact lines, and the main associated challenges. Then I
will introduce a recent computational model for practical simulations of moving contact lines. The model borrows the idea from the large eddy simulation in turbulence modelling; it resolves the macroscale flows only while model the effect of MCLs using modified hydrodynamic theories. Finally, I will briefly cover the recent extension of the simulation tool to non- isothermal systems and some new interesting results.
Dr Sui has been a Lecturer in Modelling and Simulation in Engineering Systems at QMUL since 2012. He received his BSc from USTC in 2004, PhD from NUS in 2008, and had been postdoc at NUS and Imperial College London. Dr Sui's research interests are mainly in the areas of complex flow systems (e.g., those involve suspending capsules and blood cells, multiphase flows, contact lines). He has published about 30 journal papers with over 350 citations. He was awarded a Marie Curie Research Fellowship in 2011, a Royal Society Research Grant in 2014 and co-authored an invited article for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics in 2014.
联系人:黄海波 firstname.lastname@example.com


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Tsunami-prone zone declared by Govt. becomes ineffectivePublished : 12:06 am December 27, 2018 | No comments so far | |
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- Many of these families stated that they were unable to engage in their livelihoods, mainly fishing
- Sources stated that many families had been provided with houses by the NGO's and other civil organisations after the tsunami
By H.M Dharmapala and Kusal Chamath
Government regulations halting all constructions, 100 metres from the coast line in the tsunami-prone areas has been ineffective as families have settled in the buffer zone once again after
14 years.
The law set into motion soon after the tsunami on December 26, 2004 cleared a 100- metre- strip from the coast line of all construction, with the government taking additional steps to direct relevant institutions and Local Government authorities to ensure the area remained clear.
However, many families affected by the tsunami have returned to their original place of dwelling driven mostly by economical needs. Sources stated that many families had been provided with houses by the NGO's and other civil organisations after the tsunami, but had sold them only to return again to their homes on the coastline.
Many of these families stated that they were unable to engage in their livelihoods, mainly fishing, from the remote housing schemes they were provided with after the tsunami. "We had to travel long distances to engage in our work and it is not practical," many said.
The mass exodus, even though gradual, of resident back to the coast line and the sale of the houses received as aid also had the unforeseen repercussion of the government now being unable to differentiate between actual victims of the tsunami and those who have shifted to the area after.
Sources said there were some families in the Dehiwela, Mount Lavinia and Ratmalana areas who were affected by the tsunami but were yet to receive any aid. "There are lands and houses that have been abandoned by the owners as they were unable to complete or begin reconstructing their homes that were damaged by the tsunami," it is said.
Residents also said that while some victims still lived with their relatives after the tsunami, those who received homes were in remote areas as many of these housing schemes were situated in far away areas.
"Many of the land that was abandoned after the buffer zone came in to affect are filled with people now, as many people have made temporary illegal constructions on them. These areas are not safe, even the boulders and granite stones the government puts along the coast line to slow down erosion are of no use. The coastline is just 10- 25 feet from the rocks and it seems like the railway lines that run parallel to the coast will soon be underwater too," residents said.


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Drawstring dress
Short-sleeve dress in fluid jacquard with a striking all-over motif. The round neck and drawstring waist create a casual silhouette, while delicate trims and pleats lend a romantic finish to this flowy dress.
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5 Ways to Spark the Elegance Factor in Your Living Room
Do you feel a strong compulsion to increase the elegance factor in your living room? The most expensive and easiest way is... Read More
Posts on this site may contain affiliate links. If you purchase anything through certain links, a small portion of the cost comes back to us. Affiliates help to offset the expenses of running this blog. Please see the disclosure policy and terms of use agreement for full details. Thanks for supporting our site! 🙂


text: Afghanistan 2001 : alongside General Massoud, Mamour Hasan stands up against the Talibans, supporting the occidental intervention and the new governement. As a convinced democrate, he reintegrates « moderate and repentant » Talibans in his village. Ten years later, the lord of war pays the consequences of his generosity and commitment. Less powerful and almost without any money, he is now not only facing the threat of the Talibans, but also of his own family opposed to the presence of the NATO and the US ARMY in their country. Pascale Bourgaux has followed Mamour Hasan over 10 years and shows us the concrete consequences of a so-called 'preventive' war that broke out one day in Afghanistan.


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The Laugh-n-Learn Center—a licensed, home-based early learning facility in Salisbury Maryland—is aptly named. Not only do the children laugh and learn together, but Avonda Ellison, owner and operator, laughs and learns with them as she approaches her work as a child care educator and leader. With her contagious energy and smile, 14 years of experience, and passion to connect with other child care providers, Avonda is a proactive and valuable mentor on Maryland's Eastern Shore. Seeing a need for professional development and connection, Avonda started Providers United, a peer collective of educators who meet monthly to share experiences, find solutions, and brainstorm fresh ideas in support of each other. Under Avonda's leadership, Providers United has planned family engagement activities, organized field trips, identified cultural enrichment activities, and facilitated community training for providers.
PBS KIDS Character Connection: Daniel Tiger because of his respectful nature, efforts to be a good person, and willingness to make a situation right even though he's not perfect.


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Revived Flames hope to stay hot in ACHA DI opener vs. Ohio
March 6, 2015 | Lynchburg, Va.
The rivalry between 11th-seeded Liberty University and sixth-seeded, four-time national ACHA Division I men's hockey champion Ohio — to be renewed in Saturday's 10 a.m. ACHA DI National Championships clash at OBM Arena in Strongsville, Ohio — is short, but storied.
Before being swept by the Bobcats this season (Jan. 23-24 at the LaHaye Ice Center) and taking both games from Ohio at Bird Arena in the fall of 2013, Liberty knocked the Bobcats from the No. 1 spot in the ACHA DI poll in the teams' second meeting on its home ice, Oct. 27, 2012.
Ohio exacted a measure of revenge that postseason, scoring three power-play goals in the third period to pull away from Liberty, 7-4, in the second round of the 2013 ACHA DI National Championships at the Edge Ice Arena near Chicago.
"Ohio's a very solid hockey team and we've been looking forward to playing them again ever since the regular season ended," Liberty Head Coach Kirk Handy said, referring to the Flames' season's first home sweeps of ACHA DI opponents West Virginia and No. 3-ranked Minot State. "We feel like we gained a lot of momentum the last two weekends. We got some injuries straightened back out and it's made a big difference. We are on a roll and we're looking good in practice. Guys are working hard and we feel confident going in."
Handy said the Flames are a different team now than they were when they hosted the Bobcats in January.
"We're firing on all cylinders right now and we're excited to be playing our best hockey going into the tournament," he said.
Riding its third four-game winning streak of the season into the tournament, Handy believes Liberty is peaking at the right time to make a deep playoff run.
"We feel like we have the team to go a long way in the tournament," he said. "The style of play that we play is a tournament brand of hockey and we're real excited about the opportunity to go out there and to lay it all on the line and to do everything we've got to win."
Both teams lost key players for two weeks when they represented Team USA in the World University Games, Feb. 4-14 in Spain. The Bobcats struggled without forwards Michael Harris and Joe Breslin and senior defenseman Tyler Benson while the Flames survived without ACHA DI scoring leader Luke Hannon.
The relationship between Handy and Ohio first-year coach Sean Hogan goes back farther than that between the two teams. Prior to taking over the Bobcats, and a three-year coaching stint at Arizona, Hogan was the head coach at Oakland (Mich.) when the Golden Grizzlies edged the Flames in overtime in the 2006 ACHA DII National Championship game. Both teams moved up to their current level the next season, when the Golden Grizzlies captured an ACHA DI crown.
In Thursday's ACHA DI National Championships play-in games, No. 13 Illinois eliminated tournament host John Carroll, the No. 20 seed, 4-1; No. 14 Davenport dominated No. 19 Villanova, 11-2; No. 15 Niagara ousted No. 18 Robert Morris (Pa.), 7-2; and No. 16 Colorado edged No. 17 Buffalo, 4-3.
If Liberty and Davenport both win on Saturday, the Flames would face the Panthers in a rematch of the Blue & Gray Cup in Sunday's quarterfinal round at 10 a.m. Otherwise, with an upset of the Bobcats, the Flames would face Independent rival and 2013 ACHA National Champion Minot State.
The tournament is being webcast live by www.fasthockey.com. For game results, visit the team page or follow the Twitter feeds on the Club Sports website or go to the ACHA DI men's, tournament site.


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David Meade, a name that just got popularity after him making out of the blue claims that this is the end of earth and from this October cause of the effect of a imaginary planet known as 'Planet X' (Also called Nibiru).
His conspiracy theory suggests that the earth will undergo a series of catastrophic events such as nuclear attacks, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions and massive earth quakes followed by great life destruction for seven continuous years. He also said recent natural and military disasters are a sign of end of earth and to the beginning of this event.
Know about David Meade's Planet X (Nibiru) conspiracy theory and end of earth
- David Meade predicted that a "spiritual sign" would be shown in sky during 23rd September and moon will come under the Virgo constellation.
- Later Planet X will eclipse the sun fully on October 5th and shadow will be covered all over the earth.
- He believes, this is the signal of the start of the seven year destruction and tribulation period which he predicts to start on October 21st.
- He predicts & claims that at some point time in this seven years, a seven kilometre diameter asteroid which he names as Wormwood which will be in the Planet X star system debris field will hit the earth and create collateral damage like never before.
- A part of his prediction also involves nuclear exchanges between biggies US, Britain and Russia, China, Iran and North Korea.
What is this Planet X – Nibiru ?
David Meade says that this seven year tribulation period is all the part and parcel of the effects of 'Planet X' also know an Nibiru passing near to Earth. He says, it will bring severe earth quakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and hurricanes – All possible natural destruction all together.
In 1976 author Zecharia Sitchin in his book The 12th Planet first mentioned about this mysterious planet. This planet belongs & home to the race who believed to be created Human race called Annunaki.
What NASA has to say?
David's theory got hype when NASA claimed that there could be a new planet deep in our solar system which NASA named it as 'Planet Nine' and also predicted the mass of Planet Nine to be ten times as that of earth.
"It's too early to say with certainty there's a so-called Planet X." says Jim Green, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division.
However, NASA continuously dismissed the claim and said this Planet X – Nibiru theory & Doomsday claims all are "Internet Hoax" and asked not to give much hype for this saying:
"The planet in question, Nibiru, doesn't exist, so there will be no collision".


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Mission: Earth Album Digitally Remastered
The Album "Mission: Earth" by David Clerest Project, was re-mastered recently, and is available exclusively from the DCP, official website.
Even if you have a copy of this album, you should totally download this new version. It sounds really good. Sample and download from this link:
Rock On!