text:
General Relativity | Lecture 10
Formal Metadata
General Relativity | Lecture 10
|Title of Series
|Part Number
|Number of Parts
CC Attribution 3.0 Germany:
You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
|Release Date
Content Metadata
|Subject Area
(December 3, 2012) Leonard Susskind demonstrates that Einstein's field equations become wave equations in the approximation of weak gravitational fields. The solutions for these equations create the theory of gravity waves. This series is the fourth installment of a six-quarter series that explore the foundations of modern physics. In this quarter Susskind focuses on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
Ruler Gravity wave Tracing paper Supernova Amplitude Year Thermodynamic equilibrium Quantum fluctuation Roll forming Perturbation theory Colorfulness Cartridge (firearms) Ship class Matrix (printing) Plane (tool) Water vapor Flatcar Week
Einstein-Feldgleichungen Woodturning Combined cycle Refractive index Magnetic core Electronic component Emissionsvermögen Crystal structure Locher Power (physics) Thermodynamic equilibrium Binary star Ship class Gamma ray Matrix (printing) Thrust reversal Gas turbine Level staff Water vapor Flatcar Week Star
Bird vocalization Quantum fluctuation Brickyard Gamma ray Gas turbine Containment building Power (physics) Shock wave Mitsubishi A6M Zero
Woodturning Quality (business) Effects unit Manipulator Dyeing Bird vocalization Separation process Roll forming Turning Tire balance Constraint (mathematics) Electricity Linear motor Subwoofer Will-o'-the-wisp Combined cycle Refractive index Ground station Year Season Power (physics) FACTS (newspaper) OLED Quantum fluctuation Direct current Series and parallel circuits Perturbation theory Cartridge (firearms) Gas turbine Einstein-Feldgleichungen Hot working Crystal structure Summer (George Winston album) Magic (cryptography) Energy level Towing Flap (aircraft) Weather front Ship class Birefringence Spare part Musical ensemble Video Kontraktion Field strength Electronic component Couch White Gamma ray Hour Magnetism
Tracing paper Weight Negativer Widerstand Bird vocalization Winterreifen Separation process Wavelength Roll forming Colorfulness Packaging and labeling Transversalwelle Constraint (mathematics) Electricity Fuel Audio frequency Year Ground station Commode FACTS (newspaper) Specific weight Direct current Current density Perturbation theory Series and parallel circuits Fahrgeschwindigkeit Cartridge (firearms) Ammeter Mass Plane (tool) Volkswagen Golf Disc brake Cosmic distance ladder Short circuit Measurement Force Lagenholz Interval (mathematics) Weather front Yardstick Brickyard Spare part Musical ensemble Typesetting Bus Electronic component Magnetspule Stark effect Yacht Fulling Matrix (printing) Magnetism Hour Theodolite Miner Astronomisches Fenster Punching Firearm
Prozessleittechnik Roman calendar Effects unit Negativer Widerstand Thermodynamic equilibrium Ring strain Watch Spieltisch <Möbel> Heißwasserspeicher Transversalwelle Color charge Linear motor Striking clock Audio frequency Sensor Committee Pulsar Year Railroad car Source (album) FACTS (newspaper) Polrad Heat Direct current Current density Signal (electrical engineering) Cartridge (firearms) Ammeter Mass Steering wheel Plane (tool) TARGET2 Rotation Gas turbine Book design Hochfrequenzübertragung Cosmic dust Orbit Resonance (chemistry) Ruler Funkgerät Cosmic distance ladder Bomb Day Measurement Lagenholz Access network Red hair Field-effect transistor Control rod Yardstick Alcohol proof Radiation Orbital period Video Star Fundamental frequency Collision Typesetting Steel Stress (mechanics) Air compressor Electronic component Magnetspule Rep (fabric) Map Hot isostatic pressing Ice Kopfstütze Yacht Black hole Angle of attack Battery charger Binary star Interference (wave propagation) Laser Hour Pulsar Van Astronomisches Fenster Last Firearm
Theory of relativity Bestrahlungsstärke Magnetic core Relative articulation Particle Packaging and labeling Transversalwelle New Year Reaction (physics) Initiator <Steuerungstechnik> Mechanic Combined cycle Year Car dealership Metal Density Current density Fahrgeschwindigkeit Particle physics Cartridge (firearms) Elektronenkonfiguration Gas turbine Noise figure Hochfrequenzübertragung Level staff Ruler Einstein-Feldgleichungen Trajectory Cosmic distance ladder Speed of light Day Interval (mathematics) Weather front Cell (biology) Roots-type supercharger Bahnelement Orbital period Month Nanotechnology Material Cut (gems) Striptease Electronic component Magnetspule White Chemical substance Classical mechanics Spant Matrix (printing) Flugbahn Miner
Prozessleittechnik Hot working Automobile Day Force Field-effect transistor Roots-type supercharger Roll forming Book cover Watercraft rowing Material Fuel Kontraktion Speckle imaging Paper Reaction (physics) Electronic component Year Magnetspule Minute Vakuumphysik Yacht Gentleman Direct current Hour Pager Flugbahn Gas turbine Radiant energy Firearm
Paper Hot working Sound Spare part Year Finishing (textiles)
Stecher University so the
question is so as to make nite there more or less by accident there are exactly the ones that I want to address tonight weak gravitational fields Ranieri vs. nonlinearity and gravitational waves let's begin working out the equations of general relativity is all the ways on pleasant not going to do it on the blackboard Perry a word there are still a blackboard even for simple things than they probably would not be terribly illuminating to learn this subject really how the computer however solvent equations and so forth thing have to sit down and do it for the other hand the principles a straightforward enough and it's easy enough to say what you get when you do solve the equations so that we will talk about gravity waves our by writing down the equations and then writing down solution now we're interested in what could be called week gravitational waves weak gravitational waves means that amplitude of the gravitational waves are small enough that you could make approximation such actors the amplitude square of the gravitational field 0 or quantity is small and you're expanding equation about the smallness of our quantity the the usual rule is to ignore things which Ohio water In that small quantity but we start with an equilibrium what we're talking about fluctuations of perturbations about equilibrium situation and the simplest equilibrium solution aligned with the threat aren't equations 1st Einstein's equations but say the case without any matter Noah no energy momentum tensor and the equations of motion and just aren't you know minus 1 have Jim you know Our is equal to 0 Kobe Einstein cancer do you know of 0 they can be simplified if you take it traces of both sides are here is no trace of the year Ricci tensor I don't interest both sides you will discover that are the scalar curvature R is equal to 0 . you know that you could ignore the 2nd term in the equation equations said a doesn't really matter because we're not gonna write down the details anyway but this is the equation of Einstein in a context in which there is no energy momentum tensor on the right-hand side by Watson equilibrium situation and equilibrium situation 1st of all means a solution which has no time-dependent is really are and which also doesn't have any matter on the right right-hand side matters another word for the energy momentum tensor right-hand side not right hand sorry there's really only 1 equilibrium situation equilibrium situation is just empty space empty spaces tiny independent BTR and these entities thereby empty space I mean in B flat space no curvature no interesting gravitational field and that case the metric g and now I'm not going to say the metric is equal to such as such the method depends on the quarter to you if I wrote that the metric on a flat plane is just a crocodile assembled you would correct in saying no the metric color flat plane is not be Crocker Delta a possible metric expressing the flatness of space would be the crocodile the values the coordinates the that that would not be the crime use Kurt coordinates used polar coordinates used any other kind of course that's what's special about flat space is that you can find coordinates in which metric customizable form the same is true in general relativity flat space time with no gravitational field there is a choice of coordinates in which the metric has a simple forms of aid and you know just remind you what a them you Louis 8 immune Nova is a matrix that's a fright matrix laughter I think with notations we've been using in this class I forget some
1 minus 1 minus 1 minus 1 0 0 0 no sorry correct 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 which throwing column corresponds time the first one T X Y
Z T X Y Z so forth OK so that's metric of flat space-time 1 might 1 and 3 pluses Anderson equilibrium solution it is a solution of the Einstein field equations the Einstein field equations components of curvature are equal 0 this is a geometry of the symmetric has no curvature of all so it is a solution 4 billion you would find a solution factor will be trivial step now let's think about something which is close to empty space far away some complicated thing is happening far away so far only to be interesting to us at least to be close enough for us to directly observed there's something going on AT binary Paul Soros a rotating around doing some complicated emission of gravitational waves closer by the gravitational field may be very strong even the gravitational field waves might be rather strong but you go far enough away the gravitational radiation the gravitational waves produced by this are going to be very weak was weak means week means that the trough metric can't be chosen again emphasize can be be chosen people a them you know class something small small means that its components are much smaller than the ones which appear here and that small thing is usually called each as far as as I know it's core age because each is the letter after G don't know any of a reason for 4 h h mu Nova on like a them you know is in general a function of position it's also what I say position 19th position and time at a function of cordon that varies from place to place their might describe away will come back to raise moment but wary doing this take this metric calculate from it are new new and set equal to 0 and that's give us an equation for now the equator and that you actually get from H H it's not big enough to fill a hole blackboard big enough to move to quite the unpleasant and some scanning I'm going to be schematic show you what goes into 1st of all waters off our ears really is a combination of components Of the curvature and not right to curvature tensor underscore remind you would contain the curvature tensor itself with 4 indices contains 1 turned which is a Durant is with respect to position with respect to acts on on a right which X it contains lots of different derivatives depending on the index structure derivative of the off symbol solar contains a 1st derivative of the kerfuffle symbol and secondly it contains the Christoval Sonal quite radically squared opera star possible times Nova Christoval so this is really offices as much detail as we do I could put picked in the indices inherent remind you with the indices go in there are various turns of took like this there are various terms that but as a good enough for us what about gamma what about the staff or symbol of you remember that your 1st contains a factor 1 hailed it contains metric cancer with component upstairs the that with component upstairs is simply be in matrix of the metric tensor itself 8 can also be expanded powers of each of the 1st contribution to it it is just in Istanbul itself so the inverse aid is inverse matrix and so it begins with G the minus 1 on be more specific America and never has derivatives of GE it has various kinds of derivatives of GE Malcolm G in reverse that contains again things like leader probably minus H but whatever it is it contains he ate a symbol plus a small correction be metric tensor with upper indices if you only have
Ada would basically be the same data and then age would appear as a correction 5 Sergey Mercier this would contain things like this is a legally equal sign which means not equal it would contain things like Ada minus a small Correctional plus a small correction report for us but then the of GE that only contains a because the derivative of this metric 0 contains a zeros in 1 derivative
zeroes in 1 0 themselves and the approximation working in the derivative of G just contains derivatives of age which call derivative of H OK let's look at what we have here this the Chris symbol it contains 1 turned which has won power of H incidentally H is small and will also assume the derivative is also small if you have a small number of small function in a differentiated that's equally small general has very shocked point or something which will show the doesn't so the theory of H it is also considered to be a small thing they had times H is wants a small beach the derivative 8 is twice a small but quadratic In the fluctuation are in the yard in a small gravitational field so ignore it too small to be important if beaches . 0 1 and derivative of 8 . 0 0 1 then aged times H is . 0 0 0 0 1 whoever is very small but we can ignore this a net h will just call derivative of age is called so the crisp Opel symbol itself it is just in the approximation of small grabbed a weak gravitational radiation the Crist awful symbol itself is proportional to some derivative box and collection of derivatives of H what about the Ricci tensor then the Ricci tensor well contained curriculum gamma
and that's going to be 2nd derivative on each it's gonna take contain various kinds of 2nd derivatives of the gravitational field insolently H is called the gravitational field of a field of the gravitational waves and that over here that's correct contained plus a derivative of aged times derivative of H gamma times gamma is quadratic in derivatives of age salt immediately was say this is much smaller than is similarly nut but so what are the devil this Ricci tensor it is it's composed of simple 2nd derivatives of the metric tensor from that we can conclude that Einstein's equations have a relatively simple form the sub plenty of indices around and the number of different terms involving 2nd rivers of significant it's not its it's complicated enough I don't write it down on the blackboard but it is basically built out of 2nd derivative 2nd derivatives with respect to position 2nd derivatives with respect to and maybe even some terms which have a derivative with respect to position and derivative respect at time and furthermore there are there are several components of it is not just many components of it well the Ricci tensor has a mule and no so as to components were comes out has 2 components but the whole works with composed of 2nd rivers rich a sold are equation emotion is some kind of the equation that looks like that equations of that form especially In relativity I usually wave equation which just to remind you a wave equation for any ordinary wave looks like but wave moving down z-axis wave moving down the z-axis also satisfies an equation that looks like this but say the wave field with qualified the way I feel fine was satisfying equation like these 2nd 5 IDT squared is equal to be 2nd fiery by Desi square is the simplest wave equation cannot Nagin and the solution to it all waves which movie even tho right portable left Ucon airwaves which go to the right and the left is still a solution their way which reflect this a little way of moving the left the sum was still a solution because the equations linear OK so this is where we can persuade his mind this is equal 0 if we had more directions space the structure of the equation would do more more complicated instead of just derivative of fire with his ceiling would also have Have a sum of terms plus seconder afire with respect x squared yet plus secondary terrified With respect Kauai square equal 0 but evident that there's a young family similarity between the kind of equation which occurs here and the Cairo court which occurs in fact but a clever manipulation you could make these equations this is not just 1 equation incidentally this equations the each mule in no but Brack around here just remind ourselves the are 4 times for 16 component of our new know that not all independent and it was really quite a bit simpler than that but still principal arrest 16 components 16 equations and that respect somewhat similar to Maxwell's equations Maxwell's equations have the form of wave equations for example of electric and magnetic field but there were several components there are 3 components of electric field 3 component of magnetic field sounds like is only 6 equations balance factory 80 equations of Maxwell's equations and this is the same sort of thank several equations per or similar similar form any questions is I would lose doesn't what orders to go yeah but their contracted in many ways remember that that's that's correct remember where army looking from it came from a thing with nose in the town or higher upstairs of downstairs series and then we contracted set up and go upstairs he so that New disappeared as as an index in we just gotta be the Ricci tensor so yes with 4 derivatives sorry with 2 derivatives and tow components 8 we certainly can make go Our many whatever whatever number makes a number of different combinations much more than just 2 indices but the combination were interested in is contracted in such a way that is only 2 wins this season only 2 equations level not election flesh as part of all is that he does good right of part of part of contracting introduce a involves introducing the metric again but again the same thing is true symmetric News Ada plus hour is composed derivatives so it already is small it already is small and if you multiply by most small number the stubbly small I think that your worker it for each time said yes but that is infinitely small their strength there's anything that involves I'm 8 multiplied by another nature of the river the Straits Times another derivative turn each time derivative rage it is dropped in this approximation approximation but a well-defined approximation in that it is the little of technically it's the linearization of Einstein's equations which means which simply means you throw away everything of higher power yet but it is a good approximation when the gravitational radiation gravitational waves is weak OK so we have equations of the form which were not specifically right down the kind of messy but but before we have discussed a before we discuss solutions you might ask itself well by originally told you that that it's not that the metric of flap space is equal to a new site can be chosen to be equal Tatum you know that means that there are other ways to represent flat face make us more make coordinate transformation make coordinate transformation and made you know when the metric changes but still exactly the same exactly the same solution and saw what that means is that they must be solutions of these equations which look like they have what looked like a nontrivial but really are just that Wally really represent is flat space but In coordinates when coordinates have little ripples another words supposing take the flat by black I maintained the flat blackboard there's a solution of Einstein's equations well about real quality is yet but the since ending here on it is a flat space it can be represented by metric
Delta mn website Annan instead effects wife on Elian there's nothing to prevent me from introducing court coordinates with little wiggle in well we could start with coordinates what's we start with coordinates which other good Cartesian coordinates let's call them X XMY will occur with contracts that's a lot more than they would introduce no coordinates next time and why Prime where X prime is just X a small change quickly call that plus f sub x of excellent y as according to change according change X prime is some function of X and Y and Y Prime some other function of X and Y at . change here at the change is taken to be almost no coordinate change at all plus a small Will correction the same thing for y prime musical Hawaii plus let's call best why aleksandr White I have not seen the space it anyway all I've done is change coordinates and perhaps put some little wiggle sofa 1st test of wills and then the no coordinate axes might have revenue Courtney lines might have some wheels and but the 4 if I rewrite the metric for the current components are of let's say you are let's OK let's take the the case looks assumed the metric in the Klein Court trips is just be X Times squared plus BY scores I'm working backward and supposing that prime coordinates organized coordinates the mice Cartesian coordinates and the X and Y coordinates Of the year of the 1st slightly curved form but was the metric the metric this is just a blackboard now outgoing space time just a blackboard the magic of the black His DX prime squared forced to wipe right square let's look out for fun in exon wife OK so what is the former work at work DX primaries DX front commerce DX is equal to DX plus the derivative of f sub X with respect to its call x sub x Kobe the X or Y funds DX and and likewise for White we figure out work DY Prime Minister DYE plus a small correction is year I want find out you find out that the X Prize square plus 2 why Prime squared is not D X squared plus Y squared it contains DX square post y squared but also contains order of VAX times this Andy times that if you work it out but you find out that this is equal to D XTY sorry the BX queer Post e Weiss word assuming that a small we're going to assume that the small and that means when I Square D X prime squared I Icahn drop the F X squares likewise for why don't wanna get is a correction and the correction could be called a each and VXM excellent another words just by squaring up PX foreign square BY prime square substituting in it you'll discover that is a small correction to the metric tensor now there's a small correction the metric cancer mean that the geometry of a blackboard change now it just means that beyond that the accord the views of totals in Ukiah worked out it's it's it's nice to work out little exercise worked out with the correction in that is dropping it anything which is quadratic in an dropping anything which is higher or not want to get you get that H & & And now just run over X and Y is equal could be be F M D X In Class D In my DX and that will mean nothing to you want to you try the work as an example onto you tried approve it this is the a correction for the rhetoric it's correct from Electric which is small white because of because I chose F to be small but it has the form wars a small perturbation on that but doesn't represent anything it represents just a trivial love change so there are some let's call them perturbations perturbations small change perturbations the original form of the metric which are trivial they don't represent likewise here there are small fluctuations that you could write down which just represent curvy linear cordoned space how do you get rid of that I get rid it and eliminate these the phony solutions which automatically solve the equation because they just flat space but which don't represent any real physics Eddie Dillard by imposing more equation more equations on the metric that so cut away and divide I would eliminate b b unwanted spurious solution I I could write down the equations it's not important just equations which tell you get rid of the spurious accord that there were coordinate ambiguities and you could do that a wide variety of ways wide variety of conditions that will allow you to eliminate on physical mean lists solutions of Einstein's equation once you've done that and you've imposed all of the Einstein equations once you've done that incidentally the equations become pretty simple and in fact Ole become as wave equations they become wave equations Camara several different equipped to become 1st of all with ordinary way just perfectly ordinary wave equations for the components of H. Singh continuity equations I wrote Barrow USAir race there be 2nd foray by DP squared minus D 2nd 5 90 x squared blah blah blah why Square D squared is equal to 0 facts of this summer let me right now In the correct form instead of fighting we have each year each meal each component of the metric tensor a rich component of the fluctuation satisfies a wave equation that means that all the components of the wave equation sir all components of the metric just moved down the actors Roark warrior always there are also some constraints constraints calmed the lot more equations from the
equations are their arms world there are more equations then 1 for each new until the reason that there are more equations is because you have to divide How wrote this spurious they solutions there because of the court of ambiguity want to that you find out that be physical solutions the ones that really have meaning classify them out for you supposing we have a way of moving down z-axis but suppose there moving down z-axis was a way of moving down z-axis look like wave moving down the z-axis Italy just a simple way you would just be fired is eagle something like some number times sigh of Katie Current X is a stark terms in team but came out it is in Manistee tonight as it is now said is a wave that fixed incident of time is just a sine wave and most family taxes unit velocity unit velocity here means a speed of light now each 1 of the components will have a solution like that each component will be proportional to sign Kate times what was Katie insolently after is close wave number but sister frequency of away is the frequency of away it's also the wave number the number of oscillations per unit weight the because could really think beginning number at short wavelengths of large a long wavelengths of more of a small pockets of that that's a typical solution of a wave equation and the solution of this equation here are all the same type H not is equal to some function coefficient elliptical coefficient trying not fight the number I each component as a function of teens E which is proportional saying things sank 8 times minus times and number which we can call each lot of new and here new window this is not a function of position it's just a numerical coefficient and multiplies the sign of human misery and Arsenal right that this is the nature of a gravitational waves each component of the metric behaving like a wave moving down the axis however as I said there are more equations additional equations is a good number of equations here and when you colors all you find out all before we do this looks just remind us something about the electromagnet magnetism and electromagnetism we do the same thing we solve Maxwell's field equations with song Max was a field equations for the vector potential of electric and magnetic fields but we write down all the equation we find some constraints constraints are called transverse our view of the fileserver nor transit salary of an electromagnetic field things it means of electromagnetic field electric and magnetic fields always point in the direction perpendicular to emotional not only are the solutions waves but that transverse waves meaning to say that the electric field and the magnetic field magnetic field . 1 way the electric fuel policy of golfing goes down the axis oscillating is a goes down the axis very similar things happen here the way you have to be transferred to say the way a transverse it means that the kind of components and the span Z components of H 0 0 only components of a which are allowed to be non-zero other components in the plane perpendicular the direction of the way so his substitute this year but all the equations the full set equations here including the ones which removed the fake spurious flocculation you find that a gravitational wave has a very very simple form does have this form a set of numbers fictional but the only component several hours this Izzy Texan Y I'll call jail eye injury represent the directions in the plane perpendicular to the motion of the way of the only components which are large part each I J climbs sign KM Casey Kizzie miners Kate t but but so if you're looking down z-axis if you looking down the z-axis you see in front of you the X-Y plane received from the X-Y plane as the x plane and the x plane but each ZTE lures a slice of slice by slice of a given location at a given time at a given location and a given time to the left of the two-dimensional plane and I slice the wave in two-dimensional planes as a good axis here at fixed instant of kind and what I have here is a metric for each Zee which looks like Where is it right over here it With only comport with the only components the components only in the plane perpendicular to the motion of the year of the year of the way and the composer simply numbers and each ZCU the the metric simply a set of numbers there's 1 more equation 1 equation that comes from Einstein's field equations and it says that the traces of H I J is equal to 0 in other words H X X plus each y y is equal to 0 that's it that's a whole set of equations and what it tells you is that the metric the metric of a gravitational waves as age not not equal 0 age zeal Nora physical 0 H Z easy is equal to 0 in fact H anything with either at time component or a space oryzae component Oracle 2 0 the only components which are not 0 Laura age X X H Y Y H ex-wife HYX comedic cancerous symmetric cancerous research brick and so H X Y N HYX of the same and finally HXX force HYY is equal to 0 which means that each HYY is minus HXX HYY physical commodity sex but trisyllable force amenities that 1st of all of these very With
Z & very holy was eager to if the wave is going down z-axis than by definition variations along the c-axis the sole HXX is some number to begin with punch signed KX signed hazy minus being sworn h Norwalk YYA sign K times in my and likewise Suarez H. North ex-wife sigh case that OK so think of a series of layers let's let's look at it at a fixed instant of kind of fix since time for example currently equals 0 as we moved down the exodus OK is a perturbation On the Net at the Met cancer is a little bit different from just a flat space metric it oscillate as you go down Zia third-down z-axis end the components that oscillate other components that have to do with the metric of the plane perpendicular to the wait what does it mean the have HXX well with just a case of accepts differs MHX acts that means the component of the metric is a little bit different than 1 the XX component of the metric was originally warned that Ada Ada XX it's 1 plus this little bit Obama bus so big that means that proper distance along the X axis are a little bit different that actual distances but say between x equals 0 0 and 1 Sea between X equals minus 1 and 1 the actual disk and the actual distance remember the metric tensor is thing which tells you the actual distance between points the coordinates the labels the actual distance between point minus 1 . plus 1 is a little bit different then it would be if this perturbation Syria a little bit larger separation or a little bit smaller separation depending on the sign of age except for example HXX is positive and the actual physical distance between here and here would be a little bit larger than 1 meter supposing working in meters that would mean the meter doesn't quite extend from minus one-to-one What about GYY well with GM will take HXX to be positive if HXX positive a yard to get that right the distance between minus 1 1 was a little bit bigger than a meter and therefore a real meterstick would look when without look it would be a little bit shorter the interval between minus 1 1 not the meter stickers necessarily shorter but because the coordinates of such that bet on that surface the distance between minus 1 plus 1 would be a little bit bigger than however GYY GYY is equal to 1 minus H X X minus HXX because Einstein's equations tell us that some of these 2 are equal to 0 that turned tells us that meterstick oriented along the Y axis what's safe from white equals 1 2 minus 1 here's again warned minus 1 meter stick would look a little longer the distance between plus 1 of my 1 would be a little bit less if you only have the 1 he and so are meterstick over here would look a little bit longer if it now this would be this will be nothing but a squeezing of the coordinates so that you would be choosing coordinates along the x-axis with meterstick was a little bit less than 1 unit and the music along the Y axis was the big greater than 1 will be nothing at all will be Nolan nothing significant accept the the fact that it changes as you go down the axis as you go down the exodus from 1 point or another or if the wave passing you imagine that even yet the wave was passed in the wake of his passing these sticks right after a brief amount of time these beaches would sign that sign of assign wave oscillate so after a brief interval of time 1 half cycle of the ways 8 X X has changed sign HYY his change sorry and the result is after a brief interval of time meterstick will look a little bit short in these coordinates along the y-axis a will belong along the x-axis yacht readers it's not know what express that little test In fact a little test ministers would go back and forth but not because the meter stake is Elliott 1 meter long always 1 meter long but right but an oscillating leave is going back and forth perturbing real waiver real wave of curvature this is real curvature and if you like Mr. Guo Li told Maginot around well the time dependence of this way you've really does exert tidal forces that tidal forces a wave has curvature of the waves moving past here that kind of tired force in the nature of the tidal force is actually cause meterstick be compressed stretched compressed stretched the way that compressed and stretch is that when it's compressed horizontally stretch vertically when it's compressed vertically it stretch horizontally so if you like this wave going by means of all art for that matter through which is to test masses really were just 2 test matches the 2 test massive oscillate back-and-forth here from it instead of taking a meterstick Turk a square piece of plywood square piece of plywood would be deformed this white and red river this way and then reversed now it's interesting there is another solution was another solution where it In which but not H X YEAR nonzero but in which ex-wife but is nonzero that would be a metric which would look alike crocodile filter and then what they'll IJT a little matrix which haven't HXY over here HXY over here still has HXX 6 y y equal to 0 knowledge XXH for 1 if you think about a little bit just spend a little bit of time figuring out what this means it's also the exactly the same kind of thing except that we accept that the squeezing stretching our
along 45 degree acts stretch this way squeezes way ocellated it's none the thinking of Stalin news solution except that the original solution by an angle in fact any solution that you right there which is a linear super butchers superposition of these 2 kinds of solutions any solution linear superposition of 2 solutions and they correspond somewhat orientation of taxis were along those taxis we Yarborough compression and expansion Our along those that use all there is all the kind of gravitational waves are Picasso's Maxeys perpendicular to 1st of all you pick a direction that the gravitational waves moving down to you has a strained age estranging this will create honest real stresses In the year in the piece of plywood on a strain gage will register our when this waves going that's the wave was that if the way was static and not moving vans this piece of plywood would really be unaffected everything would be simultaneously squeezed illustrates the same way the rulers which measure the apply would strain gages which measure but the oscillating character of the way the year of the solutions which really does create real honest stresses and strains of it does have a real curvature and this award look it it looks like a magnetic waves triggered by her or by a moving charged by or a charge for example 1 charge charger electronic going around a Proton will create electromagnetic waves the same things over a year start black hole or pulse on every in orbit around the other 1 binary pulses are for example the binary pulsar 2 very very concentrated masses which happened to be rotating around each other at rather small distanced the 1 was a black hole the whole thing is not a black hole but it is a very very strong gravitational field in or around each other and going around each other be accelerating masses create don't create the gravitational waves so it now near the binary pulses are this as a bad approximation of gravitational field is too strong the linearized equations way but did Back in all of fewer a few radio distances away and the waves spreads out there loops itself and gets weak enough that this becomes a good approximation so workers with a few had the mind if you have the binary pulsar Soros over there and you're standing back this coming at you but say the axis between you and the binary pulsars z-axis there you'll see coming past you will look like and what will go usable cause stresses and strains a longer perpendicular the line site for the posts now not less Year's good luck dark red the strike did not former mural leadership change has prices stressed by the way measures by the stresses and strains of induced and now they are they're tied to say that's not meter because by definition of meter stick but found the guys who had that if you had to it did to have a steel meter stake in a wooden leaders that they would probably react differently they would probably react differently so once these stresses are applied stress due to the curvature tensor he and real thing curvature tensor it is a kind of a tidal force once sees tidal forces are applied the meter stick 2 meters the steel won award 1 was stressed by different amounts in general so if you measured you wouldn't stick would still need a stack of Russia which 1 would be bigger which will be smaller but they would match up precise for young would build a rather than resort as can make for of seal leaders last but it's not way but if best right and that they had no less space dust while not known from what was quite was based on the B accelerated are 2 start ringing that it wanted detected gravitational waves what you want to do is create some system which has a resonant at the frequency of the gravitational wave in or residents a resident means that the system has its own natural frequency frequency of oscillation which is the same as the oscillation frequency of the wave than you would have a driven system being driven and so natural frequency and under those circumstances the response will be particularly big so if you want to detect the gravitational wave fault but say that the gravitational waves that we expect astronomy from different sources are not grumbling among expiry press but there are no enough about it to know that each new New which are produced by adjusting gravitational source of very very small so small that the dimensionless drain from a steel rod or something like that would be something like 10 to the minus 21 really really small effects are we fact that people even contemplate measuring then quite astonishing but Ginger can be measured and dumb not not that says that those Lagos and resist them a what Louisiana and some of the that but it does Barisal of lizard they not the rest of my life and I've got a lot of the gravitational because not based Sarsfield Ron marriage which are monitored by laser beams interference effect due to a relative motion and so forth but basically the gravitational detector is a system which is allowed to be 7 consolation you go this way or that way and there is a lot easier that the father was still alive but died it may not be the last 2 or fewer reduced or gravitational collapse gravitational collapse for the collision of 2 black holes would make that happens with prime from time where it happens I mean to say that you could estimated roughly from observed fact Germany black holes are out there and you can guess how many black hole collisions take place every year every year the final resting within within a range of such of the best imagined detectors value is not 1 black hole collusion per year a lot on when I throw in principle if it was possible to detect the black or collision through other means other gravitational radiation you would you ought to see the signal at the same time as a revocation a radiation bomb gravitational radiation is a pretty weak effect renewed far back but from the collision of 2 black holes it's an enormous effect
when you're at a much bigger than any other kind of radiation emitted so if these coalition taking place a large cosmological distances it can't be the case that the only way to detect it would be to gravitational radiation gravitational waves like this that's what's interesting because it's a new window her on for astronomy OK that that's that's a gravitational radiation is less a gravitational waves are they real an hour ice U.S. gravitational radiation is detected yes and no it's never been detected by direct detectors but just like electromagnetic radiation for example from an orbiting system radiation carries off energy carrying energy means that has 2 systems a rotating about each other they will lose energy and losing energy they may speed up a little bit they will speed up a little bit there are a total loss of energy and so the study of the binary pulsar that's out there which Is has all the properties necessary for gravitational radiation be emitted from red when the timing of the procession a procession a rotation of the 2 systems about each other they are frequency is changing a little bit time exactly as would be expected quantitatively exactly was would be expected from the system if a worry meeting gravitational radiation are gravitational radiation is mean the thing which would cause its energy to change end it works out exactly right so much for 4 milliseconds ms out I think you will go up a master of will slow millisecond ms as were pulse or does what rotator Anton access met will slow death old days forbade days AIDS is to start going around each other saying Ms now arms Ms is for the rotational pulse on a visit to stars Gore around each other that's not of the quest of yacht a basic life desirable over did of excess heat In other words the always a cease fire other this is the direction wave has directionality along with the more the waves transverse which means the only component that have physical significant other ones in the plane perpendicular to the direction emotional the other components are alarmed by the not there or they correspond to wiggle in the coordinates the other components are eager wheels in the quarter notes or them out there now but he also said that took geometric mean of a daily and remember how right how much is it changed over the period of the juror go for a very small number but that much of the at their now I was actually lost as much time as not oscillating the wave was oscillating with time reduced demand place the ocelot time yes but you would ask for a time of court we note O'Donnell when I set orthogonal I meant the space directions of Barbara Walters 3 bomb to restored the components of the metric whichever time component in them all Oracle if much like an electromagnetic waves electromagnetic waves also has space and car electromagnetic field also has space and time component on the vector potential has space and time component in a way of moving down the z-axis only the transverse space component of the vector potential are of their very much like that for the 0 0 0 all year yet so there's no time while another Misko current direction remember something arm B H is in those directions on 0 but when you differentiate different you with respect time yet climb into it so derivatives are H. Schwartz said uh XYA with respect to T is not equal to 0 and remember the curvature tensor has to derivatives on age so you could get a whole load of whole collection of different kind of component but still it's a very special kind of curvature of the of generic OK that's gravitational waves you can learn more about them by any good book Unger wrote committee which will solve work right down the details of these equations an will they will feel about 1 blackboard there will be terribly illuminating but there are the basic principles rep told you any other questions or are planned about this a lot has been made the approximation of a very small H set was getting rid but no no no laniary was because the this weak generally speaking I tried to explain before a small oscillations about an equilibrium in the approximation that be oscillation is very small are linear linear because of approximation that age is so small that the square of 0 base never question yes you do this for a that you see for us at the year's target if a 2 . 0 0 1 the corrections will be . 0 0 painters one-tenth the corrections will be 1 per cent whatever at whatever age is the corrections will be of aboard a square of it so writer but or something yes that that's something you always do when you make a linearized approximation you always Jacoby and that the corrections to it it would be small brokers or they will be if they too small enough but there's value made each watch warhorse is a component of a hot water that affect these fat that I had years to get with that now that but
what will affect is whether waves will pass through each other they won't it will scatter of whichever now the way will maintain that's a good question Rabin will maintain its transverse care can wait show that always the energy nearly is in this this step this area it said the young stiff most of the material does determines the velocity of propagation material you could substitute for stiffness sugar substitute velocity of propagation electromagnetic gravitational waves are extremely staff they have the stiffest things possible and that the year at the speed of light and that they are both gone by the speed of light serviced in in the old days when people thought about ether things and mechanical properties of the ether they attribute his stiffness was a core Young's modulus Everett called 2 were about to to eat there and it was a very very big young Marmara there'd big coefficient of whatever it's called because the speed of light is so much larger than the speed of propagation for example through a metal beams armed with no longer really think of it as a step this month he did think about this the stirred as you would say that the year of the space on which these waves moves step and there is that Norlien only the combination of them appears in New year and the propagation of the propagation of like just a which is what combination namely velocity which appears Her Truro OK whatsoever normal but finally we have just want to tell you about another way of thinking about the equations for general ability again huh the complexity of actually carrying out the equations is too complicated but nevertheless basic figures on what other things I've told you and emphasized you particularly in classical mechanics is the principle of least action is the most central principle on classical physics that we have all systems it we know of the chemical sisters electromagnetic radiation quantum field theory all of these things the Standard Model particle physics all governed by an action principle reaction has something which field theory in front of a particle mechanics the action is an integral along the trajectory of the particle so the rule over time the action of a field is an interval of space and kind of field configuration is a value of the field at every point of space and kind of withdrawing airspace time or that rolled down on the blackboard kind resist way a space because this way there'd been a field configuration of Field history you better field history is just label by Abbas is basically a value of the field below fields at every point on here so it's some field score genetically 5 at a function of X Anthony field configuration not every configuration the solution of the equations of the theory just like every trajectory our is a solution of the equations of motion every trajectory is a thinkable trajectory but not every trajectory satisfies inquiry motion in the same way every 5 sacks and is a thinkable possible value of a field in space and time but they're not all solutions and in general the best of our knowledge every such field is governed by a principle of we stature the principle of least action involves some action which is composed of the fields this is just a generic term field into go into go over space and time be X T and X now means x y and z Z sort of four-dimensional the rule of some things usually call the Lagrange density which is a function of the fields and their derivatives of corn of mule derivatives of a field of respect X new nobody don't you minimize it when you make it stationary you find the field configurations you shorthand which minimize the action subject constrained you go out to a large space of some larger dissidents and some large times Dixon region of space time and you will see what the values are on the boundary and it's the same deal as when you look up particle motion and is interested in the solution giving the particle goes through point given that the particle start some place and in some place then what's the trajectory of between the same way you say supposing you know that the field at some later time has the value of safe final initial ask what is the solution which interpolate between these 2 and so will be the middle of the field that solutions that make reaction stationary OK some of the point here is that the field equations the Einstein field equations can be derived from 80 action principle that's long computation but action simple undiscovered tell you what the action is and then you can go home try to take that action and apply the Lagrange equations to it and see if you could derive Einstein's field equations I'll I guarantee you it can be done also could tell you I never finished it started several times and never quite got to to be in love but it is it's just tedious it's straightforward but tedious sir you go back and look at what Lagrange equations are arguably action has some interesting pieces in 1st of all let's do a simple thing 1st let's just calculate the space current volume I'll tell you what I mean no well but that's actually even think about ordinary space for but suppose we have ordinary space and it has a metric g M and thinking about space savers use and GM and EX and VX end that's symmetric square the distance between 2 neighboring points was given by the formula that's a positive I'm interested in the volume of a small regional space let's say DXT y let begin by supposing the metric has 2 components GXX GYY but I have a smaller double D X in the small but will be able to worry I want to know area called the volume volume needs 3 dimensions area means to dimensions but at the same concept OK what sea area of this square the area will square I would know it
if I knew the distance the the actual proper distance associated with the X and the actual proper distance associated with be while I was a proper distance associated with them X VXC but square root GXX the square root of GXX DX period that but make it bigger Mr. the square root of GX X DX and this distances square root GYY wife cell what's the area of a rectangle square root GXX squared you DXT why it's not just CXT wife important thing is it's not just the exit to want no more so than the distance between 2 points is just XOD while the actual physical area is a square in this case is a square GXX GYY now I use the case here where it was only GXX Angie why there could be other components of the if you work it out this is a special case this is a special case with no off Bagwill GXY terms of strips of this way metric matrix GXX GYY now there may be some other components year GXY GXY thought I tell you it is that when there's no GXX and you want to share with was not off diagonal components the volume element involves a product of G X X GYY you guess with the general formula for replaces the proper thing determined determined GXX GYY miners GXY square the determinant is exactly right so if you actually work out the volume element of a little square like this or rectangle BXT White they actually answers not GXX URY GXX GYY miners G X Y Square which is as the determinant determined of the 10 it's usually just written with Tom bars to represent determinant Gee that's a formula for the volume element of volume of our small differential be ex ante why what would be a B and this can be a curved space the 1st any space for ever will rectangle BXT in coordinate space area or a higher dimensions it would be the volume would just be the square of G square of the determinant of G terms DXT worry if I have some large regions and I want a total volume of it I integrate into growth I love square root of the determinant of metric tons DXT why that is equal the area of the entire region and close with some members What about the volume of space if we're talking about the volume of words three-dimensional space what exactly the same except you have these here exactly the same square root of the determinant of the metric is called the volume element usually called volume already if you have a fuller dimensional space-time it's useful that finest simple a similar Carter concept which just involved the 4th component called the space volume it it's an interesting quantity it's invariant same in every coordinate system as an important thing about it if you re cordon the ties region change coordinates this quantity stays the same volume in some sense the physical volume of a region of space time of physical four-dimensional volume of regional space and this and the goal is invariant quantity on 0 invariants other quantities which are invariant them which will not change when you change coordinates are based on the squad if you take the volume element a new integrated with any scalar let's call scalar passive acts as aleksandr Cheney BXT Cheney Miss also is invariant quantity which doesn't depend on the court it's just the stuff you take each little volume element you take his volume and you multiply by the square root of starting the scalar field that the volume of each element multiply it by the scalar quantity in there and get them all out that's a quantity which is really not dependent in any way on the quarter to use even writing it down the uses of court action is a thing which is supposed to be in area action in relativity theory is always supposed to be the same in every quarter NetFrame otherwise the laws of physics which came out of it would depend on the coordinate system if the laws of physics was supposed to be the same in every quarter frame 1 way of ensuring that is to make action In invariant the quantity which doesn't change from cordoned the the court reporter 1st quarter so it's natural and to take the action could beef we call it before exiting some kind of squared and Janey the square of the determined from metric some scalar that was just take b Einstein's theory without any energy momentum and on the right hand side just pure gravitational field nothing else what kind of scalar cut I put their where the many dealers are there that I could make up only out of metric well indeed so that's called are the Safina exceed that's a scalar Brazil sir there was 1 more thing the other thing His any number 7 4 or 16 or whatever number you light so you could enter this numerical numbers numerical numbers are always regarded as invariants everybody 7 sees the same number and the number you can't hear depends on the laws of physics it is a law physics in itself was a law of physics has a name was called up they would know they were symbol is Simone slander now what's a cold the cosmological constant gets it termed the action which is just proportional to the space time volume itself turned the action when the Kansas the reserve is based on chair of the cosmological constant has not been and not included in these equations it is a solution is the equations without cosmological constant or about cosmological constant This is the action and Einstein's equations are completely equivalent saying minimize their make it stationary maggots
variation equal to 0 away from a solution of minimizing something making your stationary yacht 1st distress image attempts a would comment as additional terms reaction which would pay and on material and other fields for example it could be electromagnetic energy there could be other kinds of energy they would come and as additional terms here yup This is a vacuum is back in theory is vacuum theory for example the theory which would govern gravitational waves of the other things could be in here but those are the things would be made up of different fields they always have a square GE they always have a scalar if you remember your electromagnetism electromagnetic field was described by man dosimetric pants that you know 1 of the things that you would put here would be f new half at work cover electromagnetic field but let's leave that out what's Weaver here's here's the Einstein Gilbert Einstein action discovered I think I just about simultaneously by Einstein Hilbert got Einstein already had bad you really have the whole works hurl work but they In the independently he sat down and said can these equations be derived from action principle and both of them Gilbert on Einstein both came up with the same answer this is a the it was shorthand but not just assured him the physical a physical principle that contains all the Einstein fuel would incidentally what replaces this field said a field on space would you put in metric metric this is an action is made up of the metric then you very dear symmetrical little bit to Mayor varied electrical little bit could you look for places where you formed a minimum reaction Wearing magical will bet if you very all waif from a solution the action should grow bigger in any direction that you've area so this is the Einstein Hilbert form of general relativity as I said you could sit down and see what you have to do you have to calculate the curvature tensor in terms of derivatives metric you do that prefers calculating Microsoft will soon and differentiating the Chrysophyllum symbols multiplying them together sticking them altogether multiplied by the school do whatever I contractions unnecessary to produce the year of the curvature scalar multiplied by the square root determinant of the metric for by Fulham attract for rows or columns the determinant is a great big thing made up of auto components calculated the tenant and then applied or a Lagrange variational equations that action ended takes about 5 minutes the whole operation and out of it you will get signs field equations of can't do in 5 minutes you the of ever trying to do it for 50 years and never quits its he did not love my friends have that it I had a chance to get and care for them Utah and Fox's out here he's a very nice now known as a toddy repeatedly the principles themselves are not terribly hard for whenever a reason somehow anemia I know there are people who have such a good visual field for a threat curvature and arm the differential geometry that they can more or less see through it you have a choice either a person with a great deal of visual ability to be able to see through the complexity of our curvature tensor is and so forth and figure out how to do these apostasy bodies almost visualization while you work amount by the algebra a few good algebra you go 1 way if good that the visualizing geometry and you have a great command of differential geometry you probably could short-circuit a lot of that I frankly have neither I am not very good at algebra and I certainly don't have the visual ability to be able to visualize four-dimensional curvature answers so repeatedly have sat down and try to do this calculation usually in the process of teaching the subject and give up after about 2 hours if I had to do it I could but since I don't have to adopt down good don't ever tell you my friends and I can't do it OK meet yes they know I can't do it this but I doubt if that it is not only used those pages that concerns written where a dozen help me when you have a thing that complexity it really doesn't help follow the steps from 1 step to indeed do them yourself and you figure out what the uh what the relation between the steps or you don't for very long calculation really is not very illuminating unless you try to do it yourself and there when you rent a troubled you peek all that's the the next step on the new understand why its next step by Vera I'd never learned anything by looking at his longer calculation these days people don't do that people love from a computer b the numerically are analytically than what the computer grind out because is just too nasty complicated yet I'd say this more motivated than originally thing away from what I what we think is a parent firms papers what is taking so long on the on peppers I read the early ones around 1907 and in 1916 paper and your 50 years ago right now I really don't know what they were
barred part of it is that very very few people know very much about Riemannian geometry I still know he had the he basically had to invent the whole of Riemannian geometry I think 1 of his friends helped them with food Newsom mathematics was Russell Grossman a murderer but but take years to put all this together doesn't sound like a lot of them are you he literally had to build all the ideas of curvature are so it took a long time here think I think he knew it was doing pretty well but there you flow back and look yourself papers are in English there were translate was you could find Boca Our Antigua finish work or you're doing rushed for more
please visit us at Stanford died EDU


text:
I don't know about anyone else but I am SO happy to see the back of winter! There's just nothing I enjoy about it (except Christmas!), I'm not a fan of wrapping up, I HATE the snow and it just make me feel 'meh'! Spring to me is a count down to summer - my … Continue reading Spring fashion picks
Tag: jeans
My Payday Wish List
I'm sure it's the same for everyone but January payday seems like it takes forever to come around! My December pay comes a few days early which at the time seems like a great idea as I can get those last minute Christmas presents with out worrying I will run out of money. But in … Continue reading My Payday Wish List

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Do you have buried issues that you need to pull to the surface?
Issues that unbeknownst to you adversely affect your everyday life?
Begins every Sunday though the end of 2016 @ 7pm, Eastern Time (USA)
Fasting is an Ancient Way of Removing Toxicity from Body, Mind, and Spirit.
You can fast from:
"I NOW Gain Control Over MY Life."
The Group Fast is FREE to Site Members!
Not a Member but want to Join in? Get Your Membership NOW.
Fasting Support Package:
YOU Get ALL 4 PPV Fasting Webinars for ONLY $35:
- "Fasting & Detoxification"
- "3-Day Group Fast Webinar" Questions & Answers
- "September 2015 3-Day Group Fast Webinar" More Questions, More Answers
- "Spring 2016 3 Day Group Fast Webinar"
Get Your Fasting Support Package NOW! All for ONLY $35.00
If you have not participated in one of our fasts before, we highly suggest to watch the "Fasting & Detoxification" Webinar prior to the start of the fast.
The information provided by Expansions is not an attempt to practice medicine or provide specific medical advice, nor is it a substitute for medical care. We always recommend consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise, supplementation, or medication program. You assume full responsibility for using any information provided and agree that we are not responsible or liable for any claim resulting from its use by you or any user.


text:
Whatsapp: +8615512139310- Email us:
Can kidney failure problem be turned around? For some patients, they can, while for some kidney patients, they can not. If you want to reverse your renal disease, go on reading to learn more information.
-If your kidney damage is less than 50%, it is possible for you to turn kidney failure problem around.
-If your kidney damage is more than 50%, it is impossible.
Because of renal failure problem, your kidneys can not filter waste products from body adequately. As a result, massive waste products build up in the blood. Those waste products can restrain you from recovery. Therefore, you had better clear them away from body firstly.
In Shijiazhuang Hetaiheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this blood problem has been solved by Toxin-Removing Treatment. This is a systemic Chinese medicine treatment, which takes advantage of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, Medicated Bath, Foot Bath, Enema Therapy, Navel Therapy and so on to expel waste products and excess fluid out of body via your urine, sweat and stool to make internal environment good for kidney self-healing and other medication application. It can also dilate blood vessels and remove stasis to improve blood circulation and increase blood flow into damaged kidneys so that enough essential elements can be transported into damaged kidneys to speed up kidney recovery. Besides, it can strengthen your immunity to fight against the kidney problems.
After about one week's treatment, waste products accumulated in body will be discharged out gradually, which make your urine look cloudy. After about half month's treatment, your high creatinine, high BUN and high uric acid level will decrease. Symptoms such as weakness, swelling, foamy urine, high blood pressure and so on will get relieved. After about one month's treatment, your renal function will start to increase, and your condition will be better and better.
Can kidney failure problem be turned around? It depends on how severely your kidneys are damaged. If you would like to get an accurate answer, please send a copy of your medical test report to firstname.lastname@example.com. After analyzing your case, our renal doctor will give you personalized guidance.


text:
Katharina Pohl (pictured), head of marketing at Cotton On Asia has left the role after two years for a new on with The Walt Disney Company. At Cotton On, Pohl headed all marketing and branding activities.
According to her LinkedIn, as marketing director of Disney's consumer products in Southeast Asia, she will oversee marketing strategy and execution for Disney Consumer Products aimed towards driving demand for our products, enhancing brand and retail presence and franchise development, leading to the growth of the Disney Consumer Products business across SEA.
In the past 15 years, she has had global and regional roles across Europe, North America and Asia. Her experience in the international fashion and luxury goods industry covers retail as well as wholesale functions for brands such as the international lifestyle Mexx, La Martina, Hackett London, Canali and Hugo Boss.


text:
Your home is your sanctuary. It's the place you look forward to being after a long day of work. It's where your kids play, where you unwind with friends. And like most people, you probably still rely on analog locks on your doors and sturdy latches on your windows to deliver peace of mind. But the reality is vandals are getting smarter and smarter at finding ways into homes. The good news? Home security is also getting smarter.
Modern Security Systems
Today's home security is so much more than the not-so-discreet security camera warding off bad guys with ski masks. Modern systems employ cutting-edge technology like facial recognition, two-way audio and motion sensors to keep your family safe and sound.
What's more, they can be good for the environment. Some of the latest systems are solar-powered and use clean energy to run cameras and connect to Wi-Fi. These smart systems give you 24/7 access to footage straight to your smartphone from anywhere you have access to internet.
Like solar panel roofs, these security systems use the same technology to obtain power without wires or electrical sources. More specifically, the panels capture the sun's rays and convert the light into a direct current. From there, the direct current is transformed into an alternating current, which sends power straight to the solar security camera. Excess power is stored in rechargeable backup batteries, which kick into action on days that aren't sunny.
The Benefits of Solar-Powered Systems
There are a few perks to going green in safeguarding your home. The most obvious: cutting down on your electricity bill. How much you'll save depends on your current electricity use and system size. Plus, using a clean power source could score you some government, state and local incentives as well. Many countries welcome this environmental friendly tech (including US and Canada) and offer rebates or tax credits.
Another benefit to choosing solar is the ability to operate in remote areas, where a traditional, wired camera system may not work. Without the need for an electrical outlet, these systems are ideal for protecting cabins, barns or other isolated locations.
Will the System Work in Rain or Other Weather Conditions?
A common misconception with solar tech is that it only operates with direct sunlight. But the good news: your security system will function in any weather. When it's not sunny, the cameras run on backup power that's been stored in the batteries. In fact, some systems claim that a single sunny day can deliver enough power to run for seven cloudy days. Depending on where you live in the country, a solar-powered security system might make more sense. Year-round sunny states like New Mexico and Arizona would be ideal based on their high solar radiation output.
Why Is It Necessary to Have a Home Security System?
On average, the FBI estimates that a home burglary occurs every 13 seconds. And bad news for houses without security systems: They're 2.7 times more likely to be vandalized. Having a security system in place not only offers peace of mind, but it can also save you money on your home insurance premium. Depending on the quality of your system, the amount of security in place and your insurance company, you could save up to ab average of 15 percent for being a responsible homeowner.
How Do I Choose Smart Security That's Right for Me?
A solar-powered security system cuts your electricity bill, offers enticing tax benefits and helps the environment. Choosing solar power over a traditional security system is your first smart choice. There are several different options on the market, so do your research and decide what's best for your budget and lifestyle.
This blog was originally published on care2.com. Find this, and other blogs here.


text:
Magnolia man ruled competent for trial
A Magnolia man accused of killing his mother in 2007 has been returned to Montgomery County after it was determined he is competent to stand trial.
However, the court-appointed attorney for Michael Dugan Todd, 22, said it is not certain her client is ready for court.
Attorney Judy Shields said a trial date was set for February during a hearing Wednesday in the 221st state District Court of Judge Suzanne Stovall - provided the evaluations of Todd's competency and sanity can be completed in time.
"There are some real questions about his sanity," Shields said. "I also can't say that he's competent to stand trial."
Todd was indicted Aug. 30, 2007, for the murder of his mother Judy McCrary, 54.
On July 10, 2007, Montgomery County Sheriff's deputies found McCrary's body in the living room of her home in the 31000 block of Goldenroad Lane near FM 1774. She had a stab wound to the chest.
Deputies found Todd hiding in a passenger car outside the home.
According to a search warrant affidavit, Judy McCrary had indicated to the Sheriff's Office that she was afraid of her son "or what he might do" prior to her death. The affidavit also stated that deputies had been dispatched several times to the McCrary home due to disputes that involved the mother and her son.
An agreed order for commitment to the Vernon State Hospital to determine Todd's competency to stand trial was issued April 17, 2008. But the order was extended on Oct. 14, 2008, when Todd was still found incompetent by mental health experts at the West Texas forensic hospital.
The commitment was extended once more on Oct. 14, 2009. However, Todd was deemed competent to stand trial on Dec. 8, 2009, and booked into the Montgomery County Jail Jan. 5.
Shields said Todd is the first criminal defendant she's had involving state experts who said they couldn't return to competency in 120 days.
Shields said it is not a "foregone conclusion" Todd is guilty of killing his mother.
"We will begin our own investigation about what he has to say about the events at that time, and whether he's responsible for her death," she said.
A defendant is presumed competent to stand trial unless his mental condition prevents him from understanding the nature and object of the proceedings against him, or the court determines that he is unable to assist in his defense.
Todd was at the center of a controversy at Magnolia High School in January 2004, when, as a 16-year-old, he blew asthma inhaler fumes in a teacher's face. Todd was charged with assault on a public servant and received a 30-day deferred sentence. He was ordered to write letters of apologies to the teacher, McCray and the Magnolia High School student body.
Murder is a first-degree felony, punishable by a state prison sentence of five to 99 years or life.


text:
The staff of Genevieve Didion welcomes visitors to observe our
classrooms and school activities. It is important however that
school visits do not interrupt the educational process. Therefore
we ask that all visitors observe the following guidelines:
Call the main office at (916) 433-5039 or fill out the form
below. All absences will be verified.
Any news regarding High Schools will posted in this section.
Please go to the following link for information on High School
Specialty Programs 2020-2021:


text:
anti trump wallpaper
popular anti trump hashtags, anti trump nyc 8 3 19, anti trump violence images, anti trump videos youtube, anti trump definition, anti trump charity, anti trump jokes and pictures,
99 Inspirational Anti Trump Wallpaper
Ideas – Through the thousand pictures on the web about anti trump wallpaper
, picks the best choices having greatest image resolution just for you, and now this photographs is one of photos selections in your ideal graphics gallery concerning 99 Inspirational Anti Trump Wallpaper
Ideas . Lets hope you can enjoy it.
This particular graphic () preceding can be labelled along with: anti trump,
published by means of admin at 2019-12-18 20:07:23. To view most photos with 99 Inspirational Anti Trump Wallpaper
Ideas pictures gallery remember to abide by this particular url.
Every 51 minutes, marginal person dies in an alcohol-related traffic collision. In 2012 alone, more than 10,000 people were killed in drunk driving accidents, accounting for nearly one-third of all fatalities.
You can find more drunk driving statistics upon the Mothers adjoining Drunk Driving (MADD) website here.
Drunk Driving Prevention In America
In the direction of these staggering numbers, what are governmental agencies and private campaigns law to educate American drivers nearly drunk driving? This article will provide a survey of the most widely-publicized anti-impaired driving campaigns, and an analysis of their real-world effects.
Buzzed Driving
In the last few years, weve seen numerous ad campaigns, initiated both by state-funded organizations and private fascination groups, advocating for widespread admission of something called buzzed driving. thus what is it?
Buzzed driving is a definitely simple concept. After ingestion, alcohol is absorbed hastily by the bloodstream and common tests, in the same way as a breathalyzer, can operate the amount of alcohol in your blood reliably and quickly. Driving taking into account a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of 0.08 or forward-thinking is illegal in every state. At that concentration, drivers just about invariably experience sedation and slower reaction times. In extra words, its understandably dangerous to steer when that much alcohol in your system.
Buzzed driving is handily having a BAC demean than 0.08% but later than 0.00%.
One Beer Wont bend The habit I Drive
And significant studies have found that less is no better. One checking account from UC San Diego that evaluated accident reports found that buzzed drivers, those with a BAC of 0.01 percent are 46 percent more likely to be officially and solely to blame than self-denying drivers. The fact is that driving even slightly buzzed is dangerous, far-off more dangerous than driving sober.
The real suffering is that American feint and public policy tend to see upon 0.08% as a definitive, meaningful boundary. under that lineage and youre relatively safe, above it youre dangerous. But the researchers at UC San Diego found that the chances of causing a crash increases steadily and expertly from BAC 0.01 to 0.24 percent, meaning that there is no curt transition in imitation of comparing a buzzed driver to a drunk driver. It turns out that 0.08% is not a definitive boundary, and that no amount of alcohol is secure in the resolution analysis.
The report from UC San Diego was published in the British medical journal disrespect Prevention. You can read a summary here.
The Worlds Stance upon Drunk Driving
Much of the world has even more rigorous limits.
China has a legitimate limit of 0.02%
Japan uses 0.03%
Frances authentic limit is 0.05%
Germanys is 0.05%
Sweden uses 0.02%
Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bangladesh, and Saudi Arabia every have zero-tolerance policies; any BAC above 0.00% and youll lose your license, be penalized in the manner of rough fines, and your car can be impounded.
In fact, North America (including Canada and Mexico) is one of the worlds lonesome regions to use 0.08% BAC as its legitimate limit.
Has The stir up opinion Worked?
The Ad Council, Americas largest non-profit producer of public facilitate announcements, spearheaded the Buzzed Driving attentiveness campaign. on their website, they savings account that their ads reached nearly one half of every American adults exceeding the age of 21. And that there was a significant increase in the proportion of men age 21 35 who called themselves extremely concerned roughly the matter of drunk driving, from 22 percent in 2005 to 27 percent in 2011.
And even though public vigilance is extremely important, Americas legislators have still to reply to our new arrangement of buzzed driving. In fact, in imitation of most confess governments take up to zero tolerance, they either limit this prohibition to drivers below 21 or plan comprehensibly that they wont tolerate any driver later a BAC higher than 0.08%.
Only period will say whether or not acknowledge governments follow through upon the current research. incite in 2013, the National Transportation Safety Board recommended lowering Americas legitimate limit to 0.05%, but no permit has yet to attend to this stricter limit.
Alcohol Addiction Treatment
Another wave has been to contextualize drunk driving, to clarify it in terms of unorthodox tragic condition. As the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) states: drunk driving is often a symptom of a larger problem: alcohol take advantage of and abuse. The underlying premise to this disquiet is that some drunk drivers pretense vehicles even if impaired because (in in view of that many words) they cant put up to it. And if you get substance dependent persons treatment, you might take some impaired drivers off the road in the same gesture.
Also telling is that the NHTSA refers to impaired driving, rather than drunk driving. In descent next recent developments in addiction studies, the NHTSA has adopted the scientific convention that finds more tab than contrast amongst alcohol abuse and drug addiction in general.
This extraction of reasoning seems bolstered by statistical evidence. In a chemical analysis released by the National Institute upon Drug Abuse, researchers found that almost half of all drivers who were killed in crashes and tested definite for drugs then had alcohol in their system. In many cases, then, the burden is mixed. And the solution might be, too.


text:
Golden liquid, suspended in crystal,
Held in contemplation while
Lounging before the fire.
The flames dance, causing the
Liquid to achieve a comfortable glow
That is shot through
With the occasional spark
As the fire essence of the liquid
Tries to take on more than
Its current slumbering form.
The sparks sit in the eye
So that when the eyelids close
The sparks are found in that sometimes darkness,
Iridescent bolts, almost quivering
While caught in this ephemeral trap.
Lips to glass the slumbering fire is
Finally taken in, the smoky trail
Gliding across the tongue and
Down the throat, almost quivering
As it finds its way to the belly
And joins the sleeping fire
Carefully banked there.
The accumulated warmth slips
Over the embankments, slowly spreading
Down the arms and legs till the
Whole body is aglow
And the mind drifts off to visit
The poppy fields of sleep.
by Kenneth Baker


text:
- Home
- Scale Models
- Aircraft
- 1:32
- Kits
- FROG NF3001 MiG-15 1:32 Scale Model Kit
FROG NF3001 MiG-15 1:32 Scale Model Kit
Product Description
FROG NF3001 MiG-15 1:32 Scale Model Kit
The MiG 15 was one of the first successful swept-wing jet fighters, and it achieved fame in the skies over Korea, where early in the war, it outclassed all enemy fighters. It is believed to have been one of the most numerous jet aircraft ever made.
It was first seen on November 30, 1950 during a raid on the North Korean Air Base at Namsi, when an American B-29 Superfortress was hit and damaged by cannon fire from an aircraft that flashed by so fast, the gunners had no chance to return fire.
Scale: 1:32
Materials: Injection moulded plastic
Decal Options: 3
Paint and cement not included. Suitable for ages 14 to Adult


text:
In this week's collection of recent cord-cutting news items from around the web: What's Coming to Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu in November; Netflix remains no. 1 U.S. streaming service; streaming TV bundles hit a wall; cord cutting accelerates as pay TV loses 1 million customers; Comcast is developing a video-streaming platform; NBC launches a new streaming network; FOX Nation to launch on November 27th, and more.
Netflix Remains No. 1 U.S. Streaming Service
According to a Parks Associates ranking, Netflix remains the country's No. 1 subscription streaming service after closing the third quarter with 58.46 million U.S. customers, reports Multichannel News. " Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu continue to hold the top-three slots, with HBO Now and Starz moving into the top five. Notably, virtual MVPDs Sling TV and DirecTV, which have saw marked growth deceleration in the third quarter, round out the rankings in the Nos. 9 and 10 slots." Parks Associates senior director of research added, "According to our estimates, Amazon has more Prime Members than Netflix has subscribers. However, when you consider only those Prime Members that use Prime Video, Netflix is the largest."
Streaming TV Bundles, Once Seen as Industry Savior, Hit a Wall
Bloomberg says that rising prices from DirecTV Now and Sling TV contributed to a slowdown in new subscribers. "Dish Network Corp.'s Sling TV signed up just 26,000 new subscribers in the third quarter... after attracting 41,000 in the previous three months and 91,000 before that... Meanwhile, AT&T Inc.'s DirecTV Now added 49,000 subscribers last quarter, after signing up 342,000 customers in the prior three months." In addition to rising prices, Bloomberg reports that AT&T said on an earnings call last month that customers are 'seasonally shopping for shows' and 'jumping from promotion to promotion and really spinning in the industry between us, Hulu Live, YouTube TV."
Cord cutting accelerates as pay TV loses 1 million customers in largest-ever quarterly loss
Despite those slowdowns in streaming bundle signups, USA Today tells us to "Scratch the theory that cord cutting might be decelerating... Cable and satellite TV providers lost about 1.1 million subscribers during the July to September period, the largest quarterly loss ever – and the first time the industry lost more than 1 million subscribers in a quarter, according to media and telecommunications research firm MoffettNathanson." USA Today concludes they article by saying that "the verdict is: 'Cord cutting does not appear to be slowing at all,' [analysts] said."
Comcast is developing a video-streaming platform for broadband-only customers
"Comcast is planning to debut a product to broadband-only customers that will allow them to aggregate certain streaming apps, such as Netflix and Amazon Video," according to CNBC. "The product isn't quite a direct competitor to Roku or Apple TV because it won't allow customers access to hundreds of apps, including streaming TV bundles like AT&T's DirecTV Now or Dish's Sling... Rather, Comcast wants the device to be the hub to the connected home... In addition to aggregating streaming apps, the device will also allow customers to control anything that's connected to the Internet, including thermostats and smart-locks." The device will reportedly be launched in 2019, but a price has not been set.
NBC launches a new streaming network
The new network, called NBC News Signal, "will be available through NBC's news mobile and over-the-top apps, as well as on other services including PlutoTV, YouTube, and Twitter," according to a TechCrunch article. "NBC is looking to reach a younger audience... The focus will be on the 'political and social issues in America,' the company says." According to NBC, the channel will have 24/7 news coverage starting in mid-2019.
FOX News to Launch FOX Nation on November 27th
That NBC announcement comes on the heels of the announcement by FOX News that they will launch their new FOX Nation on-demand service later this month. According to an earlier press release, "FOX Nation will present a fresh slate of daily short-form programming, including offerings such as Deep Dive featuring first rate political analysts and UN-PC co-hosted by conservative firebrand Britt McHenry and The Greg Gutfeld Show staple Tyrus." But while the new NBC service and similar OTT news services like CBSN are free, FOX Nation will be priced at $5.99 a month or $64.99 per year
Nintendo Wii streaming services are being discontinued
"The Wii U looks set to lose access to a host of third-party streaming services in the new year," reports TechRadar. "Streaming provider Netflix reportedly sent an email out to Wii users, explaining that it would be pulling the Netflix app from the Wii on January 31..." In addition, a Reddit post reportedly states that "Nintendo will be suspending 'all video streaming services on Wii', meaning that the Youtube, Hulu, Crunchyroll, and Amazon Prime Video will also be disappearing from the 2006 console." Note that these changes apply to the Wii, not the newer Wii U console won't be affected by the changes.
Xbox One loses broadcast TV streaming on iOS/Android
ArsTechnica reports that "Microsoft is removing an Xbox One feature that let users stream over-the-air TV broadcasts from a USB antenna to the Xbox app on iOS or Android." Users have been receiving the following message: "You may have streamed TV content using a USB TV tuner from your Xbox console to the Xbox app. In 30 days, the Xbox app on iOS and Android will no longer support this functionality. You will still be able to watch TV content on your Xbox One console and via streaming to the Xbox app on Windows 10."
Coming to Netflix, Hulu and Amazon Prime in November 2018
"Christmas may be more than a month away," says Variety, "but that isn't stopping streaming platforms from adding some holiday cheer to their November lineups. Beginning with the animated film 'Angela's Christmas' on Nov. 1, Netflix is adding several holiday movies to its streaming slate, including 'The Holiday Calendar,' 'The Princess Switch,' and 'A Christmas Prince: The Royal Wedding.' Hulu and Amazon Prime are also following suit with 'A Cinderella Christmas' on Nov. 15 and 'Christmas With the Kranks' on Nov. 1, respectively. "November is also seeing the premiere of several platform originals, including the final season of Netflix's 'House of Cards' and Julia Roberts' Amazon Prime debut, 'Homecoming.' The documentary 'McQueen' is also joining Amazon's slate while Netflix will launch 'Doctor Strange,' 'Sixteen Candles,' and 'Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End.' Hulu will see a similarly large influx of new films, including 'Goldeneye," 'Amelie," and 'Kick-Ass.'" Find the full list, including dates, here.
Give the Gift of Live Streaming This Season With Sling TV Holiday Deals
Sling TV ahs announced some holiday promotions for those who don't know what to give the cord-cutters in their life. Deals include Sling TV Gift Cards, $35 Sling TV Credit with Roku, Roku Ultra for Half Price, and Sling TV Bundle Deals like AirTV Player + Adapter for $50, $100 Off AirTV Bundle + OTA Antenna, and Free HD Indoor Antenna. Check out all the dealshere.RokuGuide.com may receive a referral fee for any purchases or subscriptions made through links on this page. See our full FTC Disclosure Statement for more information.


text:
You might think this is great news. At last – freedom from birth control! Woo Hoo!
Or you might not. Maybe your patience is limited, or you want to know how to improve your chances.
So you download an app. But which app should you use, how much data should you record, and how much can you trust them?
There are so many apps out there. Honestly I can't wholeheartedly recommend any of them, but they are useful things. Ovuview is probably my favourite. Whichever app you use, it's worth knowing:
You don't have to tell them everything...
The endless tracking options and reminders can be overwhelming when you first download an app. Don't worry, this isn't an exam. You don't have to tell your app every last thing – no matter what it says.
You could keep things really simple and just track day one of your period and your most fertile fluid.
Day one of your period means the first day of proper bleeding - enough to need a pad, tampon or menstrual cup. Get that right and your app is more likely to get your fertile days right.
Tracking day one of your period also means you'll also keep any health professionals that you speak to happy. They need to know when your last period started, and how long your cycles last.
You don't have to tell your app how long your period lasts, how heavy it was or what colour the blood was. You probably don't need to worry about your period so long as you get one every 21 to 35 days, you have two or more days of bleeding, and the blood is mainly red.
Your app probably doesn't know when you ovulate (release an egg)
One of the most annoying app messages I've seen is the confident "You are ovulating today!", closely followed by "Your period starts today!"
Just like your period, ovulation is not a fixed event. We don't all have periods every 28 days and we don't all release an egg on day 14 of our cycles. It's completely normal for things to vary from woman to woman and from month to month.
Ovulation isn't even that important, it's about the sperm...
Of course ovulation matters - if you're not ovulating you're not going to get pregnant. But you are just as likely to get pregnant from sex during the couple of days before ovulation as you are on the day of ovulation itself. In fact you could get pregnant from sex on as many as nine days a month.
This is because sperm can linger in a vagina for as long as seven days, though five is more likely, and two days is most common. If you want to avoid pregnancy, you assume it can last 5-7 days. If you want to get pregnant, you assume sperm only lasts two or three days, which is why NICE say to have sex every two to three days.
The longest that unfertilised eggs hang around is two days
Once ovulation has been and gone, it isn't possible for you to get pregnant until after your next period starts.
This is because an unfertilised egg only survives for at most 24 hours. If you release two eggs (think twins), the second one will always be released within 24 hours of the first egg. So the very longest that unfertilised eggs will hang around in your body is just two days. This is why you need to use condoms or other precautions for about ten days if you want to avoid pregnancy.
Your app MIGHT know when you are fertile, but...
Your app will probably suggest when your fertile days occur. It might even be right, but app calculations are based on average fertile days for the average woman. You might not be average. Add a few extra days either side of your app's fertile days and aim to have sex every two to three days on your official, and unofficial, fertile days.
Your fluid is very cool stuff
Checking your vaginal fluid is probably the easiest, and cheapest, way to check when you are most fertile. Look out for it in the shower and when you wipe after having a pee.
Your most fertile fluid occurrs for about two or three days sometime after your period ends. There's lots of it and it usually looks like raw egg white - clear or streaked with white and very stretchy. It means you are probably ovulating or about to ovulate. If you see it, get busy!
It might be worth splashing out
If you don't notice any egg white fluid, or you want another way to work out when you are most fertile, you could splash out (sorry) on some ovulation tests. Peeing on a stick might not be the sexiest thing in the world but they can help. Use them for a month or two to help you work out what your most fertile fluid looks like – not everyone's looks like egg white. You don't have to get the expensive tests – cheap ones are fine.
You might want to take your waking temperature
Your waking temperature (also known as basal body temperature) is a more controversial way to work out when you are fertile. Some people like it, others will find it stressful. It's not compulsory. You could just take your temperature for a few months to see if things seem to be in order then forget about it.
The NICE fertility guidance says temperature is not a reliable way to predict ovulation. This is true, fluid is better (not that NICE say anything about fluid, sigh), but a sustained shift from lower to higher waking temperatures is a good way to confirm that ovulation has been and gone and your fertile days are over for now.
Higher waking temperatures can also help you know if you are pregnant. Your temperature rises after ovulation. If you aren't pregnant, your temperature drops when your period is due. If you are pregnant it stays high for the duration of your pregnancy. If you have more than eighteen days of raised temperatures, you are probably pregnant.
This is very cool stuff. But if taking your temperature stresses you out don't do it – or reduce irritation by switching off the thermometer as soon as it beeps. Most thermometers have a memory so you can turn it back on when you are ready to write it on your chart or tap it into your app.
How long will it take you to get pregnant?
Even if you get your timing right, you might not get pregnant straight away. This can be alarming when we've been told (endlessly) that sex without contraception means pregnancy, or we have friends or family who have had fertility problems.
Try to keep your nerve. I know that can be difficult. Look after your physical and mental health. That means both of you, it takes two... Get tested for sexually transmitted infections - you or your partner might have one, even if you don't have any symptoms. Do stuff that makes you feel good, whatever that might be - crass jokes, Game of Thrones, therapy, friends, reading, acupuncture, long walks.
This chart from the NICE Fertility Guidance might be reassuring. It says that over 82 per cent of women under 40 will get pregnant within a year, and 90 per cent will be pregnant within two years. The odds are probably in your favour - even if you are in your early 40s.
For more comprehensive information and advice, check out these resources:
- Planning a pregnancy - advice from the fpa
- The Impatient Woman's Guide to Getting Pregnant - includes whether IVF is worth it (probably not); whether age matters (aim to complete your family by the time you're 40) and more.
- Infertility Network UK - information, advice and support.
Want to talk?
If you want someone to talk things through with you, but you're not ready for a fertility clinic, check out my services page.


text:
We are very excited that our Reception Class and Year 1 classes have exciting school trips this term:
Reception Class Rand Farm Wednesday 16th May 2018
Year 1 Class Hartsholme Park Thursday 3rd May 2018
Please see the class pages for full details.
We use cookies to track usage and improve the website.
Click here for more information.


text:
Urayasu Tekkin Kazoku (Anime) ➜ Forum ➜ Comments浦安鉄筋家族
- TypeTV-Series
- Episodes32 (~)
- Release Date01. Jul 1998
- Main genresComedy
- Country of OriginJapan
- Adapted FromManga
- Target GroupMale
Anime Comments
This is the general discussion topic for the anime "Urayasu Tekkin Kazoku," in which you can post just about anything that's too generalised for the episode section and doesn't quite have a review character. You may also want to reply to any existing comments, but please note that spoilers are strictly forbidden in this topic.


text:
The Robert Emmett's hurling club was founded in 1948 in Bow Palais in East London. The club has had a very successful run over the past 15 years, winning seven senior hurling county titles (most recently in 2016) and winning the junior football championship in 2007. That same year Robert Emmett's became the first club from outside Ireland to lift an All-Ireland title when Fergus McMahon, who is still leading by example on the field, led our hurlers to intermediate glory. Featuring Robert Emmett's Jersey and supporters wear including training tops, half zips and skinny joggers and the Club's kids' range.
Robert Emmetts Hurling Club
Robert Emmett's HC online store features the latest jerseys, half zips and training gear. Personalise your jersey only at oneills.com. Shop Now!
0 Products
We can't find products matching the selection.
/Shop By Team/GAA Club/United Kingdom/Robert Emmetts Hurling Club