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International magazine of architecture and project design november/december 2007
Steven Holl
Every year Area dedicates one of its theme issues to a monograph on an author; rather than a substitute for a book or catalogue, in the editorial sequence this reflects a desire to document the experience of architects and personalities in a manner that may, in our opinion, serve as a valuable reference and term of comparison for the contemporary profession. This represents no departure from the familiar editorial line organized by arguments reflecting as many lines of research; rather, it is an in-depth study within the context of this approach, as seen through the eyes of a particular, individual author. And since the choices are never occasional, or suggested merely by the international importance of a given designer, it may be useful to dwell on what is considered, within the context of the internal debate of the editorial office, as preparatory to the conduction of a research that, project after project, goes beyond the singular feature to form a recognizable design approach. From this point of view the work of Steven Hollbut this may fortunately be said also for the works of other authors (see Area no. 69 dedicated to the work of Rafael Moneo) represents variations on a theme, namely an approach to building that consistently escapes everything self-referential in favor of an expressive sphere where the solutions are never foregone or adapted to a calligraphy that constrains the architectural language within a monotony that is as seductive as it is distant from reality, as useful for the pigeonholing of critics as it is useless and harmful to the fate of the city. However, it is not a matter of merely adapting to the places and the different characteristics of the themes that are tackled; rather, it is a conscious approach to the project as consequence of a research activity that reaches new results ever time on the basis of canons that, going beyond the familiar dialectics glossy/opaque, transparent/ screened, light/massive, compact/disarticulated measure swords with the rules and techniques of construction, turning every building into an accomplished architectural experimentation. An experimentation that involves the spatial configuration of the building witness the dynamic fluidity of the interior of the Kiasma Museum in Helsinki as compared to the stereometric score of the Sarphatistraat Offices of Amsterdam that goes beyond the constructive conception based on the study of the prefabricated elements used for the St. Ignatius Chapel and their on-site assembly, the repeated modularity of the traditional structure in reinforced concrete of the dormitories of Simmons Hall at MIT. The architectural shell continuously reflects in the project strategies, be it a matter of a work that imposes its presence in the landscape, thus requiring the definition of a new image and identity, as in the case of the Linked Hybrid of Beijing in China, or one that appears as iridescent fragments, showing great respect for the existing buildings and surroundings as in the project for the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art of Kansas City.
These are probably the reasons why his fascinating studio, on the fifth floor of a traditional industrial building in New York with a breathtaking view of the Hudson river, looks like a design workshop rather than an office, and an atelier where future themes and solutions are experimented on a daily basis, rather than the headquarters of an internationally known American professional. It is probably due to this continuous dedication and search for new solutions that the activities in China have been accompanied by a parallel editorial activity that has resulted in the publication of 32, a magazine created in order to establish a dialogue with a new reality rich in stimuli, the very same stimuli that Holl offers us every day with his work.
Marco Casamonti
Download cover and index
Download introduction of Marco Casamonti
Download interview with SHA


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Regular price
Green beans, new potatoes, tomato, olives, egg, served with a lemon vinaigrette dressing.
Hand made.
Keep refrigerated and consume within the use by date. Product shelf life 5 days.
INGREDIENTS - Total Weight 285g
Salmon (Fish), Potato, Boiled Egg (Egg), Green Beans, Tomatoes, Olives, Olive Oil, Lemon Juice, Honey, Mustard, Salt, Black Pepper, Garlic.
Allergen advice. For allergens, see ingredients in bold. Allergens given are indicative only. May contain traces of nuts.
Our colour code system is a guideline. It assists you in planning your fitness regime and can also have other positive benefits such as improving your general health and well being.

subset: commoncrawl


text: NEWS Billboard Bits: Steely Dan, Pet Shop Boys, Elvis 12/27/2001 FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME News on Steely Dan, Pet Shop Boys, Elvis Presley Steely Dan principals Donald Fagen and Walter Becker have recently spent time recording material which may comprise the follow-up to 2000's Grammy album of the year, "Two Against Nature." A posting on the group's official Web site reads, "after taking time off to write a slew of new tunes, Becker and Fagen have started to record some of them in New York City and elsewhere. Will this result in a new Steely Dan album? Hard to say; scholars of Steely history know that not every studio sojourn sees the light of the marketplace."Speaking to Billboard backstage at the 2000 Grammys, Fagen said any new music wouldn't likely be influenced by any modern tunes. "I haven't listened to the radio for, like, 30 years," he admitted. "I still listen to the same jazz records I listened to in high school, basically.""Two Against Nature" was Steely Dan's first album since 1980's "Gaucho." It debuted at No. 6 on The Billboard 200 in March 2000 and has sold just shy of 1 million copies in the U.S. to date, according to SoundScan.-- Jonathan Cohen, N.Y. Veteran dance pop act Pet Shop Boys have completed a new studio album, due to be released in the spring in the U.K. via Parlophone. The group will preview material from the set during a brief U.K. university concert tour that kicks off Feb. 8 at Bristol University. The six-date trek will culminate with an already sold-out Valentine's Day headlining performance at London's Astoria during U.K. music weekly NME's Carling Shows series in celebration of the paper's 50th anniversary."We're really proud of these new songs and can't wait to play them in, what are for us, different venues," Pet Shop Boy Chris Lowe said in a statement posted on the group's official Web site. The as-yet-untitled album features former Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr playing on eight of the set's 10 tracks, but he will not appear during the tour due to "other commitments," according to the statement.The album's U.K. release will be preceded by the single "Home and Dry" in March. A video for the track was directed by Turner Prize (photography) winner Wolfgang Tillmans, and will be shown for 10 days beginning Jan. 15 at the Inside Space art gallery within London's Selfridges department store. Information on a U.S. release for the set was not available at deadline. The Pet Shop Boys' last studio set, 1999's "Nightlife," was released stateside by the now defunct London/Sire label, and debuted at No. 84 on The Billboard 200.-- Barry A. Jeckell, N.Y. Memphis' Graceland will kick off 2002 with a slate of activities to celebrate what would have been Elvis Presley's 67th birthday on Jan. 8, as well as a year long commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the late star's death.Among the activities is a Jan. 5 gospel brunch at Elvis Presley's Memphis restaurant on the city's famed Beale St., special evening tours of the Graceland estate, a chance to meet the Jordanaires (Elvis' long-time male backing vocal group), the annual Jan. 8 birthday celebration on the front lawn of the mansion, and a dance party later that night at the Memphis Marriott East.The annual Elvis Week in August will include a special 25th anniversary concert at the Pyramid Arena, along with a fashion show, a presentation of the King's latest gold and platinum sales honors, and a candlelight vigil at Elvis' gravesite.For more information, visit elvis.com.-- Barry A. Jeckell, N.Y. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME


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Here's the Challenge!
In Guatemala, an alarming number of children
are treated for burns and numerous respiratory problems.
The problem is the traditional method of cooking
with an open fire within the home has several hazardous results.
Excessive smoke inhalation
is the leading cause of death in Guatemalan children under the age of 5.
9.7 million people are affected
by indoor smoke and 5,100 die each year from smoke inhalation.
Here's Why!
Because installing stoves and water filters
will change the lives of Guatemalan families this summer.
Many families cook
with an open fire and are exposed to severe health hazards from the smoke and the children are at risk of burns every day.
A donation of $300 will purchase a Bible,
a stove, and water filter system to help the mission team provide hope to these families. Any amount is greatly appreciated, and 100% of your donation will go toward this project.
The KGLY Mission Team
will be working with Orphan Outreach June 10-16 to provide these stoves and water filters to help these families.
Here's the solution!
Our teams install the stoves and water filters,
working side by side with families and community members who have contributed part of the cost of the product.
The stoves reduce wood consumption by 70%,
resulting in a major economic benefit and a better quality of life for families with long-term benefit to the environment.
Women who use the stoves gain the equivalent of two days per week
in time saved from gathering wood, allowing them time for social and economic activities like going to school and cultivating a vegetable garden.
The Gravity Water Filter ensures 100% removal
of parasites such as guinea worm and giardia, and 99.99% removal of pathogenic bacteria such as cholera, e.coli, and shigella.
As you can see,
the results have been outstanding!
Here's our prayer! Please join us!
Safer and healthier living environment
Healthier children
More opportunities for education
More opportunities for church and community engagement


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Byron York has a piece about how our junior Senator has managed to alienate the very people who got him elected. Markos Moulitas of the Daily Kos has just declared Tester an a-hole and is not going to support Tester for re-election. So if you take the Daily Kos crew out of the picture, who does Tester have left as a base?
The problem that Tester has is that he was elected under a false assumption that Montana was becoming more Democratic in politics. That is the result of entirely too much drinking, and Bush fatigue. By 2012, we will have all sobered up, and be asking George who? and what does he have to do with this guy who claims to be a Montanan?
Karl Rove used to work under the theory that you get out your base and you win, since most people don't care. That is way out of date now, as there are Tea Partys and an aroused Independent bloc who reject the Democrat excesses of the last two years. Tester doesn't even have a base, and the Independents are associating him with Obama and Pelosi no matter what he does.
He should have stayed with the ones who brought him. The rest of us don't care.


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Create a deceptively creamy, queso-like dip loaded with spicy jalapeños for dipping and drizzling on so many things.
It almost strains credulity that plant-based ingredients alone can create a queso this creamy and versatile.
Dip your baked whole grain tortillas HERE..of course. But don't stop there. Drizzle everything you're ready to love even more – from bean burgers to baked potatoes, and from pasta to broccoli.
Caution. This queso is spicy, so please tone it down (just use less jalapeños) if your family prefers less heat.


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MINES ParisTech, as its name reflects, is a founding member of the Paris Institute of Technology, shortened to ParisTech. Bringing together 11 of the best engineering schools in France, plus the best business school, located in Paris. Through ParisTech, MINES ParisTech has implemented numerous actions internationally, such as common admission for specific countries, common representation abroad...
The oldest " École des Mines" in France, MINES ParisTech forms with its 6 sister schools a group known as "Groupe des Écoles des Mines", shortened to GEM.
MINES ParisTech benefits from ParisTech's membership to CampusFrance. CampusFrance represents the French education system interests abroad.
Almost all ParisTech schools, including MINES ParisTech, take part in this European network running the ATHENS Programme. It enables students from the partner universities and schools to exchange twice a year (November and March) for one week. A student from Warsaw can follow a one-week course in MINES ParisTech, while a MINES ParisTech student goes for one week in Madrid, for instance. These one-week courses are credits bearing and recognised in the member insitutions under the ECTS scheme.
Through ParisTech, MINES ParisTech is a member of this excellence network composed of Imperial College (London), Delft TU, ETHZurich, RWTH Aachen (Germany) and ParisTech: IDEA League.
Throught ParisTech, MINES ParisTech is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research, focusing on the quality of education in engineering.
MINES ParisTech has membership in the European Association for International Education.
|®2009 Mines ParisTech


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Course cut-off scores (Australian domestic students)
What is the lowest score required to receive an offer for my chosen course? I am an Australian domestic student.
The basic requirement for ordinary entry to a three-year undergraduate course at UWA is an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) of 80.00.
Other admission pathways, professional pathways, and the Bachelor of Philosophy (Honours) may require scores other than 80.00.
More information can be found on the TISC website or on the Future Students website.


text:
PPC is as significant as ever, the SEM industry is stronger than ever and projected to grow 16 percent this year, and the Microsoft-Yahoo Search Alliance was well-received. Those are just a few of the takeaways from SEMPO's State Of Search Marketing Report 2011….
If you're thinking about working in the search engine optimization (SEO) industry, now is a good time to get started. Starting salaries have increased 17.5 percent versus last year, according to a salary guide prepared by executive recruitment firm Crandall Associates. Base salary for SEO specialists is $59,000 (up from $50,300 in 2010); average salary is $75,000 (up from $73,500); and the high is $87,300 (up from $85,100)….
Several people contacted me yesterday to ask if I'd read David Segal's article in The New York Times. I had. And "A Bully Finds a Pulpit on the Web" is a public relations nightmare for Google search results….
The Boston Globe has just published it's list of "The 25 most stylish Bostonians" and I'm not on it. And I'm starting to think that I may owe SEM industry observer, Meredith A.C. Roth, an apology….
I just got a media alert from Strategic Search Corporation via LinkedIn, which says, "New BLS Stats Illustrate Unemployment Is Still Painfully High, But One Sector Is Begging For Job Applicants!"…
Here's a helpful tip: Wear your cross training shoes when you head to Connected Marketing Week, which is being held at The Moscone Center in San Francisco from August 16 to 20, 2010….
And most of it's going to Google….
Previously the executive director of the Oracle Applications Users Group (OAUG), Mike Levin has been tapped in the same role – but this time at the Web Analytics Association (WAA)….
Saving time on bidding and reporting reaps big rewards for the digital agency and software provider….
Local advertising meets search engine optimization with new tool for marketers….


text: Master, Master (Epistata, epistata). See on "Lu 5:5" for discussion. Mark 4:38 has Teacher (Didaskale), Matthew 8:25 has Lord (Kurie). The repetition here shows the uneasiness of the disciples. We perish (apollumeqa). So in Mark 4:38 ; Matthew 8:25 . Linear present middle indicative, we are perishing. The raging of the water (twi kludoni tou udato). Kludwn, common Greek word, is a boisterous surge, a violent agitation. Here only in the N.T. save James 1:6 . Kuma ( Mark 4:37 ) is the regular swell or wave. A calm (galhnh). Only in the parallels in the N.T., though common word. Here Mark 4:39 ; Matthew 8:26 add great (megalh). That (oti). This use of oti as explanatory of the demonstrative pronoun outo occurs in the parallels Mark 4:36 ; Matthew 8:27 and also in Luke 4:36 . It is almost result. He commandeth (epitassei). Peculiar to Luke.


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Would you rather get a treadmill or an elliptical?
My mother bought a treadmill ages ago which is fine but not great. The actual tread part is unusually thin. It makes me think I'm going to accidentally put my foot down on the stationary part and bust my ass. My mom is uncomfortable because the arms don't come out far enough for her to hold onto. She has a poor sense of balance so she needs to feel secure.
So we were talking about getting another treadmill when she mentioned getting an elliptical machine. She liked the one she used at the gym because she felt secure on it and it had handles. But she likes treadmills because she can just walk on it and you can't really do that with an elliptical. Personally, I think that's a good thing. It forces you to actually work out instead of slowly ambling along (sorry, Mom). But I like treadmills because I can run on them and I love running. Ellipticals are just...different. Better for my joints though, especially my knees. But no running. It's pseudo-running.
So you can see the dilemma. Lots of pros and cons. Both types of machines are astonishingly affordable. I for sure thought they cost thousands of dollars but the last time we were looking at home gym equipment was like, 10/15 years ago. You can get a decent treadmill/elliptical machine for under $500 now.
Anyway! If you had your choice, Groupthink, which would you choose and why?
Here are some thoroughly confused kitties on a treadmill for your trouble:


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Policies – Developing Nurse Scientist
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Adolf Hitler: The Ultimate Avatar by Miguel Serrano (Unabridged Edition)
Adolf Hitler: The Ultimate Avatar by Miguel Serano (Unabridged Edition)
"A Book describing the ongoing, titanic and eternal battle between Gods and Devils, between a Dark Force, a Satanic Spirit and a coming, or returning Hyperborean Aryan Age. The Memory of the Blood: This is the central theme in the Book: crucial for the understanding of this enlightening epic, a Spiritual Odyssey. A Voice, harking from a distant, primordial past, still lingers in those Aryans still loyal to their Race. A Voice beckoning the Hyperborean Archetype, urging those attuned to it to a final, finite fight to the finish, against the Eternal Enemy. A
Spiritual battle comparable to the Mahabharata, a battle closing a great cycle of time and consequently opening another."
Hardcover, 969 pp
Note: This is the unabridged edition. This title is out of print and will not be restocked. This is the original edition published by Hermitage Helm Corpus, not one of the bootleg print-on-demand editions that are currently floating around. This title is brand new and shrink-wrapped. We are down to our last two copies! We also have the abridged edition available.


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Finally caught up to the Red Sox in the 8th here...leading 10-8 in the 8th, one out, with trouble a'brewin-Orioles on the sacks. Just another day here in the AL East, where bruising pitcher egos is not just a job, it's an adventure.
Nick Markakis against the Okey Doke.
Okey gets Markakis on a deep, deep fly to center that advances the runners to second and third.
Rough, tough Aubrey Huff now.
AND OKEY strikes him out swinging...phew! Bullet dodged.
Bottom of the 8th now, with Paps getting ready for the ninth.....
Drew now, against Matt Albers of Baltimore. Drew works a walk.
Sittin on the Dock Of The Bay pops out.
JD Drew is caught stealing (?)
Mikey Lowell also pops out. This kid is dealin'....
(David Plotz of the Slate Political Gabfest made the same point that I made here about the teabaggery. Where were you, with all your activism and political fire, when George W. Bush and the Republicans in Congress were spending like drunken sailors and not paying for it?)
Top of the Ninth, and the Lord of the Dance makes his appearance...
Ty Wigginton (?) lines a single off of Lowell's glove
Luke Scott flies out
Gregg Zaun flies out
Felix Pie STRIKES OUT SWINGING to end it...phew!
Apparently, Brad Penny got beaten like a rented mule, but we pulled it out. 4-6 now-but should it be this hard to beat BALTIMORE?


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While doing some research on shoe insoles I found a company called BzzAgent. You basically sign up and they send you surveys, depending on your life and likes they will send you product to try and then comment about them. After being an "Agent" (lol it's a funny name) for a few days they sent me my first campaign:
Hill Science Diet Ideal Balance Dog food. I could have picked cat food too but our dogs have some pretty big sensitivities to food. We have two labs, our male, Jack, pictured as my blog picture, is full lab. Our female, Lyla, is lab and border collie. When we got Jack (both were craigslist 'rescues') he would constantly lick his paws until they were raw. So we switched him to grain free dog food and he stopped. Lyla came with grain free dog food actually. Her previous owner found out her allergies and when she doesn't eat right she will get horrible hot spots and lose her fur. So when they offer this grain free dog food I thought I would give it a try.
Here's the truth, I haven't ever been a Science diet fan. I've "heard things" and they never seemed to offer the best and most healthy, so this was a chance to really try it out. I accepted the campaign and went to the website and ordered the food, they sent to our door for free a 3.5lb bag of food. We got it yesterday and I was pretty excited. Lyla wouldn't be the test, she would eat the kitchen sink if we let her. Jack… he's a tough one. He would go all day without eating and throw up stomach acid. I've never felt like I had to force feed a dog before, but Jack is a picky eater dog. They also eat very well. I normally give them The Honest Kitchen dehydrated dog food. So we'll see…
I opened the box and Lyla knew instantly it was for her! LOL I gave them both a serving and boom…gone. Then again this morning… I had to force them off me so I could get it in their bowls. Ok, so far so good. Then we get home tonight, Hubby drove me in to work and went and had some work done on the car in Portland. The dogs were home alone. We pull up and get inside and find that they didn't destroy anything! It is always a joy to find they haven't dragged your socks into the living room, or got into the compost bucket or my personal favorite…kitty-roca. Yuck. Anyway, the house is clean! Then, out of the corner of my eye, I see something white on their bed. I walk over to inspect and it was the bag of Science diet grain free dog food, empty. They definitely got in trouble but I am chuckling now, I mean they really must have liked the stuff to go to all that trouble. So big thumbs up from our dogs. I'm pretty impressed with the food too, I read the ingredients and they are really good, whole foods that you can actually pronounce. Sometimes I need some dry dog food and I would certainly buy some of this for our crazy mutts. 🙂
<img src="http://img.bzzagent.com/image/hillsPet.jpg?Type=activity&Activity=3185835140&Campaign=4741555452&Uid=1310117&token=c37a1f3fa396fe8d412f88578e94e6fb" alt=""/>


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The Return
Joanna Mills has a successful career but feels her personal life is spinning out of control. She has few friends, an estranged father, and a crazy ex-boyfrien..
The Watcher Self
The Watcher Self is an unsettling psychosexual chiller written and directed by Matt Cruse about one woman's descent into hell. Cora (Karen French) begins her ..
A filmmaker goes to check out a haunted house in Ooty to seek inspiration for a horror film, not realising that the place has a connection with his past.
The Predator [Hindi Dubbed]
From the outer reaches of space to the small-town streets of suburbia, the hunt comes home. Now, the universe's most lethal hunters are stronger, smarter an..
The Basement
A seemingly innocent man is abducted by a notorious L.A. serial killer, who forces his victims to switch roles with him so that he can enact his own capture, ..
Fauladi Ek Mard
A blind man falls in love with the doctor who has arranged his eye transplant. The operation, although successful, carries unexpected and haunting consequences.
The Shadow Mountains, 1983. Red and Mandy lead a loving and peaceful existence; but when their pine-scented haven is savagely destroyed, Red is catapulted int..
Black Wake
Specialists gather in a top-secret facility to investigate a series of strange deaths on beaches along the Atlantic Ocean. One of the team's scientists (Nana ..
The Predator
From the outer reaches of space to the small-town streets of suburbia, the hunt comes home. Now, the universe's most lethal hunters are stronger, smarter an..
The Nun
When a young nun at a cloistered abbey in Romania takes her own life, a priest with a haunted past and a novitiate on the threshold of her final vows are sent..
Fiance Killer
Nicole is stunned when her daughter Cameron returns from a vacation in Mexico engaged to handsome Brent. But Brent has a secret girlfriend, Lexi, and together..
The Nun [Hindi-Dubbed]
When a young nun at a cloistered abbey in Romania takes her own life, a priest with a haunted past and a novitiate on the threshold of her final vows are sent..
The Amityville Horror [Hindi-English Dubbed]
A family is terrorized by demonic forces after moving into a home that was the site of a grisly mass-murder.
Death on Scenic Drive
A young woman named Larissa (Stephanie Ash), encounters an entity that transforms her into death itself, and reins a violent storm against Dallas Henson (Ry B..
Anti Zombie Force
In a world where zombies rule humanities only hope is a rag-tag fighting group who is looking for the cure to end the zombie threat. But will they get to it i..
The Mimic
A story of the Jangsan Tiger, who mimics human voices to lure them close, and a family affected by the creature.
Sick For Toys
"Roy (David Gunning) is the nice guy who finishes last. Sick of his current situation, he accepts an invitation to have Christmas dinner with the beautiful an..
Road to Hell
Three robbers on the run to a new life cross their way with a woman and her son and with the tragic curse they're bringing. On their trail, the mob boss they ..
The End?
Claudio Verona is a young and cynical businessman. One day he gets locked in his Roman office elevator before an important meeting with a client. Soon this an..
Based on Arabic folklore, GHOUL is set in a covert detention center and follows an interrogator who arrives at the facility to discover that some of the terro..
Enter The Wild
On a trek to find the world's rarest tree, Dylan and his friends descend into harsh ravines and canyons. As the wilderness closes in on them they come face to..
Patient Zero
After an unprecedented global pandemic has turned the majority of humankind into violent 'Infected', a man gifted with the ability to speak the Infected's new..
What seems like an innocent wine tasting weekend turns into a bizarre, wicked, sensually overheated debauchery, culminating in a murderous grand finale evenin..
Against The Night
A group of friends sneak into an abandoned prison with the intention of making a ghost hunting video, until they start to go missing one by one.
My Little Sister
When Igor was young, he lost his father because of his little sister. He will grow up trying to find his own way of giving a new face to his past.
As a rookie detective struggling to find acceptance in a police department defined by a culture of bullying and intolerance, things go from bad to worse when ..
Ghost Rider [Hindi-English]
In order to save his dying father, young stunt cyclist Johnny Blaze sells his soul to Mephistopheles and sadly parts from the pure-hearted Roxanne Simpson, th..
E The Movie
Karthik makes a documentary on Alzheimer's disease. His subject, Malathi Menon, lives in a small town outside Harippad with her daughter Athira. Karthik and..
Intruders [Hindi-English]
Though no one can see him, Hollow Face lurks in the corners, desperately desiring love but only knowing how to spread fear and hate. He creeps into the life o..
Down a Dark Hall
Kitt Gordy, a new student at the exclusive Blackwood Boarding School, confronts the institution's supernatural occurrences and dark powers of its headmistress.
Puppet Master: The Littlest Reich
A recently divorced young man discovers a mint condition Blade doll in his deceased brother's closet and plans to sell the toy at a convention in Oregon celeb..
The Ninth Passenger
A group of salacious students party aboard a luxury yacht only to turn on each other as a 9th PASSENGER picks them off one by one.
A group of teenagers find themselves in a wood with a killer pig.
Army of Darkness [Hindi-English]
A man is accidentally transported to 1300 A.D., where he must battle an army of the dead and retrieve the Necronomicon so he can return home.
Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter [Hindi-English]
President Lincoln's mother is killed by a supernatural creature, which fuels his passion to crush vampires and their slave-owning helpers.
Black Sheep [Hindi-English]
A genetic engineering experiment gone horribly awry turns a large flock of docile sheep into unrelenting killing machines in this rural horror comedy directed..
Bride of Chucky [Hindi-English]
Chucky hooks up with another murderous doll, the bridal gown-clad Tiffany, for a Route 66 murder spree with their unwitting hosts.
A couple discover Kirlian Photography apparatus in their new house. Intrigued by the concept of photographing peoples' Auras they unwittingly release an ancie..
Raju Gari Gadhi [Hindi Dubbed]
More than thirty people were killed in a haunted house in Nandigama. A TV channel plans a reality show by sending seven participants to spend seven days in th..
Bhoot Baadshah (Raju Gari Intlo 7 Va Roju)
Raju Gari Intlo 7va Roju movie is a horror based written and directed by Feroz Raza and produced by Bharath Kumar Seelam while Kanishq scored music for this ...


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How To Remove A Bike Chain And guidelines to remove it yourself
To you, which is the most convenient mode of transportation?
Not only you but also most of the people will reply "Bicycle".
Yes, the bicycle is the most convenient, most popular and the most energy-efficient machine. And bicycle chain is the most integral part of your cycle that do more work than any other parts on your bike.
You may need to remove your bicycle chain if-
- The chain stretches and wears out
- It becomes dirty
- It loses gears
Hence, in order to clean or replace, you may require removing the chain.
But do you know how to remove a bike chain?
Our step by step instructions will help you to remove your own bicycle chain so you don't have to take your bicycle to a specialty shop to get fixed.
Before learning the procedure of how to remove a bike chain, have a quick look at some important points.
- A bicycle chain transfers power from the pedals to the wheel to make it moving.
- Usually, bike chains are made from alloy steel or plain carbon. There is also chrome-plated and stainless bike chain which is rust-free.
- A standard chain length is about 56 inches. It may have 114 external links and 114 inner ones.
- Chain in the earlier bikes without a derailleur features a master link that you can open with a flat-head screwdriver.
- Chains in the latest derailleur bicycles have a master link.
Chain replacement and maintenance is a disputable issue. Is it really essential to change a chain after every 1000 or 2000 miles?
Chain durability depends on your riding style, soil, and sand rain or snow, gear, gear, type of lubricant and lubrication method.
The reasons for removing a bike chain are:
- A bad link
- Broken link
- To wash the dirty
Now let's go to learn how to remove bike chain.
Things You'll Need
- Chain tool
- A pair of surgical gloves
- A small U-shaped piece of solid wire (coat hanger)
Chain Tool
- It is a very useful tool while removing a bike chain. It helps you to cut the links to adjust the chain to the appropriate length.
- Various models of chain tool are available. A smaller one is perfect to carry in the bike bag.
- There's no suitable household tool to remove the chain pins. You'll surely need the chain tool.
- There is a small cradle (centered over a small hole), a handle or a bolt above the cradle.
- The handle turns and pushes a pin against the pin on the chain to push out.
Surgical Gloves & U-Shaped Piece Of Solid Wire
- These are useful while removing bike chain, but not crucial.
- Use the U-shaped piece of solid wire to provide a little sag in the chain to make a sloppy part in the chain.
Step By Step Procedure
For Derailleur- Equipped Bicycles:
Step 1:
Before getting started, make a figure on how the chain works through the Derailleur. When installing a new chain, you'll need to follow it back.
Step 2:
Set the bicycle upside down on the seat and handlebars or up in a work stand. Make sure that it won't move or fall over while you're removing the chain.
Step 3:
From the bottom run, dislocate the chain to remove it from the chain rings. The bottom run is the part of the chain that runs under the chain stay. The chain then falls loose from the gear and bottom bracket of the bike.
Step 4:
Place the chain across the jaws of the chain tool. Make sure the chain pins align with the slot.
Twist the pin extractor clockwise. It will make the pin out of the link.
Step 5:
Slightly bend the chain sideways. It will help to separate the links. If you remove the pin, you don't need to bend the chain. It'll separate naturally.
Step 6:
Finally, you have the broken or old chain off. Don't throw it yet. You'll need this old chain to measure and fix the length of your new chain.
Count the chain links of the removed chain and again those of the new chain.
To pull out the spare links from the new chain, use the chain tool.
Things To Remember
- Before you push the pin all the way out, stop to push and try to pull the chain apart.
- Go slow.
- Notice that you'll feel a slight increase in resistance when the pin almost releases from the link.
- Avoid re-using any old pin which may cause failure of the chain.
Use a Retainer
It's very helpful to use a chain retainer before removing it from the bike. It is about two inches long piece of wire having two 90 degrees bends on both ends. Over the link that you decide to remove, slip the bent ends of the chain. If you use the retainer to break the chain, it won't allow the derailleur to jump back when the pressure will release. During re-installing the chain, use the retainer in the same way.
For A Bicycle Without Derailleur:
If your bicycle has no derailleur, the procedure of removing your bike chain is slightly different.
As the chain stretch, you can easily remove the old chain without loosening the back wheel.
For Shimano Riveted Chain:
Shimano riveted chain features specially tapered rivets. The rivets are guided into the holes in the outer plates. To drive out the pins and to replace the pins, you can use a chain tool.
Removing a bike chain is effortless if you know the steps and what tool you'll need.
After going through our step by step instructions, you now obviously know well how to remove a bike chain. You've found it as a very simple and easy way. Removing a bike chain with the chain tool is a snap.
Hopefully, you can now do it yourself and it's not difficult at all.
Remove the old chain, wash it or replace it or the new one.
Go far and go fast with your bike!


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In the 90s, ToyBiz's 5 inch Marvel line was pretty unbeatable when it came to superhero toys. They had wide variety and best assortment of articulation you could find at the time. Having met a great success with the 5 inch line, ToyBiz decided to release a larger scale line through a partnership with toy store KB Toys. The 10 inch line was made from sized-up molds from the popular 5 inch line, and offered a variety of characters at a low price. They were also a bit more durable than the smaller figures, which made them great for play. Today, I'll be looking at the basic Spider-Man from the line.
Spider-Man was part of KB's exclusive line of 10-inch figures, though the line never really had "waves" or "series." Instead, the figures were just kind of in constant supply. Anyway, this was the basic Spider-Man, who was offered for the entirety of the line. The figure stands 10 inches tall and has 9 points of articulation. The sculpt quite simplistic, but fairly well handled, especially given it would have been released in the 90s. The web lines are painted instead of sculpted, but that was the standard at the time, and it does make the figure look like he's from the 90s Spider-Man Animated Series, which was undoubtedly an influence. For the most part, the figure is molded in the appropriate colors, but there are a few painted spots. The color matching is good, and everything looks clean, with no smudges or slop. I believe that this figure included a web-line with a suction cup, but I've long since lost it.
This guy was purchased on one of the many trips taken to the nearby, mall-based KB Toys with my Grandmother. She would occasionally buy me one or two of these figures and I would joyfully take them home to play.


text: QuizzesWhat is your dream condo unit? February 22, 2019 Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter Deciding where to live depends on your needs and lifestyle. It also depends on what stage of life you're in. Are you a young professional ready to embrace the world, or are you happily settling down with your own family? What type of condo unit suits you best? Take this quiz to find out. 1. Which of the following statements best describe you? I love having friends over for game nights once in a while. I love being prepared for the future. Even my home needs to be ready for future little ones who will be running around. I love to be alone and live independently. I enjoy my own company. 2. How would you describe your ideal closet? A one-door wardrobe that's enough for my essentials. KonMari is a way of living. One cabinet for my husband's clothes and mine, a chest of drawers for bed linens, another cabinet for our kids' clothes, and storage boxes for their toys. A decent-sized cabinet with space that's equally divided between my partner's stuff and mine. 3. It's raining, so you just stay home the whole day. What do you do? Get cozy on my bed and curl up with a book. Binge watch my favorite Netflix series together with my partner or some friends. Bake cookies in my sizable kitchen together with my kids. We'll enjoy them over cups of hot chocolate during storytelling time. 4. Which of these storage pieces appeal to you the most? Clean-lined, freestanding open shelves A country-style chest of drawers Floating shelves 5. When you look outside your window, what do you want to see? An open plaza, a few shops, and nearby schools and sports centers. The condo's pool, playground, and pocket gardens. Skyscrapers in the bustling city. 6. Describe a typical day at your unit. Everything is always in order. I don't have a lot of things and I am out at work the whole day. My partner and I work during the day. We see each other in the evening and we have dinner together. The unit stays organized only for a few hours when my toddlers are asleep. 7. When buying a condo unit, which of these is no. 1 on your list? Proximity to business districts, regardless of the unit size. Amenities that suit my lifestyle such as a gym, pool, and jogging paths. A generous floor area that can accommodate a small family. 8. Which of these statements do you live by? Live with less to make room for more important things. A place for everything and everything in its place. Home is where your loved ones are. Time is Up!


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Social Media Intern – Women's Suffrage Centennial
- Description
- Washington State Historical Society is searching for a Social Media Intern to manage the social media program of the Women's Suffrage Centennial, and drive all aspects of its brand's social and audience-building strategy.
The ideal candidate will have background in History, Women and Gender Studies, Museology, or a like field and be very social media savvy. We're looking for an individual who is an expert in community-building on key social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), and has a proven track record of audience building from the ground up, and be an agile content creator with a creative mind.
Experience with editorial writing and promoting diverse content within a brand voice is important. Passion about and knowledge of Women's History a huge plus!
- Duties
- Drive the maintenance and growth of Women's Suffrage Centennial social media accounts.
Hone a consistent editorial voice across all platforms.
Create content autonomously and in collaboration with the Centennial Coordinator and Director of Audience Engagement.
Ideate and execute social media marketing campaigns, contests, and engagement strategies.
- Qualifications
- An understanding of audience growth strategies.
An active presence on social platforms.
Experience juggling multiple projects and effectively prioritizing tasks to meet deadlines.
Excellent verbal, interpersonal, and written communication skills.
Experience with editorial writing with a consistent brand voice.
Passion about Washington State History and Women's History.
Knowledge of and proficiency in Adobe Creative Suite and social media publishing tools.
- Supplemental Information
- Application Process:
Attach to your application a letter of interest explaining how you meet the qualifications of this position and a resume. If you are unable to attach your resume and/or letter of interest, you may insert them into the "resume text" section of the application.Include three professional references in the "references" section of the application or include them in your resume.
Please carefully follow the above instructions. We are looking for evidence in your application materials that you have the education, experience, skills, and abilities indicated in this job posting, so be sure to attach or insert your letter of interest and resume. The information you provide will be used as a basis for deciding who will be selected for the next step in the process. An incomplete application packet may automatically be disqualified.
Interviews are anticipated to occur the week of July 2nd.
Prior to a new hire, a background check including criminal record history will be conducted. Information from the background check will not necessarily preclude employment but will be considered in determining the applicant's suitability and competence to perform in the position.Washington State Historical Society is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of age, sex, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity/expression, marital status, race, creed, color, national origin, religion or beliefs, political affiliation, military status, honorably discharged veteran, Vietnam Era, recently separated or other protected veteran status, the presence of any sensory, mental, physical disability or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability, equal pay or genetic information. Persons requiring accommodation in the application process or this job announcement in an alternative format may contact the Human Resources Office at (253) 798-5901. Applicants who are deaf or hard of hearing may call through Washington Relay Service by dialing 7-1-1 or 1-800-833-6384.
More than Just a Paycheck!
Employee benefits are not just about the kind of services you get, they are also about how much you may have to pay out of pocket. Washington State offers one of the most competitive benefits packages in the nation.
We understand that your life revolves around more than just your career and that your priority is making sure that you and your family will maintain health and financial security. That's why choice is a key component of our benefits package. We have a selection of health and retirement plans, paid leave, staff training and other compensation benefits that you can mix and match to meet your current and future needs.Read about our benefits:The following information describes typical benefits available for full-time employees who are expected to work more than six months. Actual benefits may vary by appointment type or be prorated for other than full-time work. Check with the agency human resource office for specific benefit information.Insurance BenefitsEmployees and families are covered by medical (including vision), dental and basic life insurance. There are multiple medical plans with affordable monthly premiums that offer coverage throughout the state. Staff are eligible to enroll each year in a medical flexible spending account which enables them to use tax-deferred dollars toward their health care expenses. Employees are also covered by basic life and long term disability insurance, with the option to purchase additional coverage amounts. To view premium rates, coverage choice in your area and how to enroll, please visit the Public Employees Benefits Board (PEBB) website.Retirement and Deferred CompensationState Employees are members of the Washington Public Employees' Retirement System (PERS). New employees have the option of two employer contributed retirement programs. For additional information, check out the Department of Retirement Systems' web site.Employees also have the ability to participate in the Deferred Compensation Program (DCP). This is a supplemental retirement savings program (similar to an IRA) that allows you control over the amount of pre-tax salary dollars you defer as well as the flexibility to choose between multiple investment options.
Vacation (Annual Leave)
You begin accruing vacation starting your first month of employment. Since we value your loyalty, the amount of vacation you can accrue increases the longer you work with us. Washington State supports members of the armed forces with 21 days paid military leave per year. Vacation accrues for full-time employees per WAC 357-31-165.
Full-time employees are entitled to eleven* paid holidays:HOLIDAYDATENew Year's DayJanuary 1Martin Luther King, Jr's birthdayThird Monday in JanuaryPresidents' DayThird Monday in FebruaryMemorial DayLast Monday in MayIndependence DayJuly 4Labor DayFirst Monday in SeptemberVeterans' DayNovember 11Thanksgiving DayFourth Thursday in November & Friday afterChristmas DayDecember 25Personal HolidayEmployee's selection each calendar year
*Employees who are members of certain Unions are entitled to an additional personal leave day of their choice. Please refer to specific Collective Bargaining Agreements for more information.Social SecurityAll state employees are covered by the federal Social Security and Medicare systems. The state and the employee pay an equal amount into the system.Sick LeaveFull-time employees earn eight hours of sick leave per month. Paid sick leave may be used for reasons included in WAC 357-31-130.Please visit the State HR Website for more detailed information.
- Agency
- State of Washington
- Address
- View Job Posting for Agency InformationView Job Posting for Location, Washington, 98504
- Phone
- View Posting for Agency Contact
- Website
- http://www.careers.wa.gov


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Vice President of Administrative Services, Northeast Community College - View Profile
Dean of Math and Computer Science, Lincoln Land Community College - View Profile
President, Bergen Community College - View Profile
"In today's world, talent acquisition is one of the most important things college's need to be focused on. Recruiting talent externally has its risks, however we have found comprehensive referencing to be one of the best investments we can make when considering external hires. The Pauly Group arguably has one of the most robust, comprehensive, and accurate referencing processes we have ever worked with. I highly recommend them."
Dr. Joe Schaffer President
Laramie County Community College
Read More...
Pauly Group, Inc.
3901 Wood Duck Drive, Ste. E
Springfield, IL 62711
Written by Rebecca Albertini. Rebecca has been the Project Manager for Pauly Group, Inc. since 2012.


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- Details
City: Cape Town
A suburb of greater Cape Town, Kalk Bay is a fishing village on the coast of False Bay. It is one of the most popular destinations in Cape Town. Kalk Bay's Main Road consists of various antique stores, galleries, restaurants, bookstores and coffee shops. It is also one of the best places to buy fresh fishes. This village is home to the popular surf spot known as "Kalk Bay Reef."
Currently there are no reviews for this place. Be the first one to review.


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City of Bloomington, IllinoisHome Menu
Davis Lodge
The original Davis Lodge was dedicated in 1932 in honor of H.O. Davis, editor of the Daily Pantagraph. The site of the lodge overlooks the widest expanse of Lake Bloomington and has been the site of various concessions and restaurants over the years. The original lodge had two huge fireplaces, which required 50 tons of stone to construct. These fireplaces still remain and provide a warm atmosphere for the City's rental guests.
The newly-completed facility is heated and air-conditioned in order to accommodate guests throughout the year. The lodge has a large, central meeting room inside, with a capacity for 100 people, a kitchen facility with plenty of counter space, and a commercial refrigerator and stove. Two separate screened rooms and a large patio overlook Lake Bloomington.
A large, covered barbecue grill and plenty of picnic tables are available outside. The facility is fully accessible. Alcohol and smoking are not allowed. Folding tables and chairs are provided.
This beautiful log facility is now available for rent to the public for weddings, receptions, reunions, graduations, business meetings and other functions. For reservations and additional rental information, please click here to view our brochure or call the City of Bloomington Public Works Department at (309) 434-2225 .
Frequently Asked Questions
Expand/Contract Questions and Answers


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Consumer Electronics Show 2019
You may have noticed that every news channel, website and newspaper are reporting on a show/conference currently running in Las Vegas. The CES has been running for over 50 years. While it may have introduced the world to some of the most useless inventions ever, such as the internet connected toilet which measures how many … Read moreConsumer Electronics Show 2019


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Drake Incorporates the 'In My Feelings' Challenge for Celebratory 'In My Feelings' Video
The 'In My Feelings' challenge has officially made it. Drake dropped the video for his worldwide hit late Thursday (August 2) and in the video, Drake himself does the dance made famous by social media comedian Shiggy, that turned the song into an internet sensation.
The video includes a wrap-up of all the best "In My Feelings" challenge videos, from BTS' J-Hope, to Steve Aoki's face-plant, to Will Smith's rooftop ravage.


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June is finally here, bringing with it (hopefully) great summer weather. And what do we all want in the summer? A beach to relax at, swim, and have fun with friends. If you're looking for the best Montreal beaches, you have to try Oka Beach.
This Montreal area beach is close enough to enjoy as a day trip.
Read also: Best Waterparks Near Montreal – A Great Way to Spend the Day
Oka National Park isn't just a beach to sit by the water. At Oka Beach you can enjoy pedal boats, kayaking, canoeing, and great views of Lake of Two Mountains, or Lac des Deux Montagnes in French.
One way to get to Oka Beach is by ferry boat from Hudson to make it the perfect outing.
Map of Oka Beach
Read also: Village au Pied-du-Courant – Montreal Beach Village is Totally Free!
Parc Jean Drapeau – A Montreal Oasis and So Much More!
St. Zotique Beach – A Beautiful Montreal Beach to Take You Away From it All


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Hi all
So I'm a newbie and working through FCCs Javascript projects, but for the Random Quote Generator, which I assumed would be fairly simple, has me tearing my hair out because absolutely nothing I try will get the text to come up.
I've even resorted to copying and pasting other people's code into mine exactly as it is on theirs and still nothing! Is there a setting I've overlooked, or perhaps some important piece of code I'm missing? I can't for the life of me figure out what's going on.
Any help would be very much appreciated


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IKEA GOLV laminated flooring – Small areas like offices can have this easy to maintain GOLV flooring laminate material. The cost is around $29.99 / m². Wet areas are not suitable with this sort of flooring however. There are colors to choose from such as grey, natural wood and custom ones.
IKEA SLÄTTEN Maple Effect Flooring – Each quarter-round costs $4.99. Maple effect looks fantastic to feature elegance and style at high quality. Fiberboard foil material makes it easy to care just by wiping having a moist cloth.
IKEA FIXA Spacer Flooring – It is only $5.99 / 30 pack. 3 cm width, 1 cm height, 6 cm length and 0.17 weight, this IKEA flooring is a great alternative. Polypropylene plastic produces a lightweight, durable and inexpensive material for indoor flooring.
Enhance your flooring to seem beautiful and stylish! IKEA has best flooring products on sale. Laminate, wood, tile and more has its own features. Indoor and outdoor, IKEA flooring can give substantial touch of elegance, style and comfort. This means investment. Indoor and exterior may have the better value. It is wise to select one that easy to maintain and last very long period of time.
IKEA PRÄRIE Laminated Flooring – This is another inexpensive material for nice floor covering. The cost is $20 / m² that cost $44.99 / pack. You may match this type with NIVÅ floor lining to become unique attractive and worthy investment.
IKEA TUNDRA Laminate Flooring – Here it is another laminate material flooring option that suitable for small areas except rooms with moisture and wet. Oak effect looks attractive and versatile. The purchase price is $14.98 / m².
Indoor and outdoor flooring, IKEA has best selections. Interlocking tiles for deck, patio and other outdoor areas are amazing. Indoor and outdoor IKEA flooring products are best. You can learn more of best products of IKEA flooring on sale from by reading the reviews.
Hardwood is excellent for the challenging look. Tile has the greatest waterproof kind especially the ceramics. Laminate is low maintenance and inexpensive. Marble offers great versatility to decor and style. You can learn about flooring products from IKEA on this post.
IKEA NIVÅ Floor Lining – It is $4.95 / m² and $29.99 / pack. All flooring types can have this awesome sound proof floor lining. 79 cm length, 59 width, 5 mm thick and 0.85 kg / piece, this bright colored flooring shall make a fine enhancement to your floor.More reader came from this term: best ikea flooring products


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Red River Youth for Christ offers fruit as a fundraiser to help support its ministry to youth in Cass and Clay counties. Because you buy fruit, the lives of young people in our community are impacted and changed forever.
This fruit is hand-picked, tree ripened, and goes directly from the tree to the box to the cooler in one operation. They receive fruit literally hours from the time it is taken from the trees resulting in the freshest fruit available.
For hours and more details, visit Red River Youth for Christ's website.


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106.3 THE BONE Presents GHOST coming to the Cross Insurance Arena on Saturday, October 19. Ticket prices start at $29.50. GHOST will be joined by Nothing More on the Ultimate Tour Named Death.
Twenty-eighteen proved to be a transformative year for Ghost. The band's album Prequelle debuted at #3 on Billboard's 200 chart, was named Revolver's #1 Album of the Year, earned a Grammy nomination in the category of "Best Rock Album," and accumulated 400,000 album sales and 200-million streams since its June release. Prequelle's first radio single, "Rats," held the #1 spot on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart for a record-setting eight consecutive weeks and received a "Best Rock Song" Grammy nomination, and the most recent radio track, "Dance Macabre," became the band's third #1 song at rock radio, a position it held for three weeks. In addition, Loudwire named Ghost its "Artist of the Year."
Doors will open at 6:30 for this event.
While costumes are encouraged for this event, please note all patrons must be identified at the entrance. If you are coming to the event in costume, please be prepared to remove any masks; if you plan to paint your face, please make sure you can be identified by security. If you cannot be identified, you may be asked to remove your makeup and you may not be able to purchase alcohol if you are over 21. If any part of your costume includes a prohibited item, you will be required to remove it prior to entering the venue. Prohibited items include: toy guns or handcuffs, dust or gas masks, large chains & spiked jewelry. If your costume blocks or impedes the view of another patron, you may be asked to relocate or remove the item for the performance.


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Music is very important in the lives of Native Americans. It's used for the oral transmission of their history and culture, plus educational, medicinal and celebratory purposes. While Native American tribes all use the same main instruments -- drums, flutes, rattles and whistles -- the construction and sounds of their instruments vary, as sometimes does the purpose of the instrument.
Singing is popular in Native American cultures and is integral to the storytelling purpose of many Native American songs; it also helps preserve Native American languages.
Read on to learn about 10 Native American music traditions, from the purpose of specific instruments to the types of music and ceremonies developed over the ages.
Drums are the oldest instrument on earth, and the one most important to Native Americans. Used in both sacred and secular music, numerous oral traditions refer to drumbeats as the earth's heartbeat, or the spirit of life. Drumbeats drive all Native American music, so it's considered essential that everyone listening hears the drum's sound. Further, it's also critical that drums accompany the human voice. In fact, the two are so tightly linked in American Indian culture, those who play the drums aren't called drummers, but rather singers [sources: Big East Native, Met Museum, Native Languages].
While the various American Indian tribes construct and use drums differently, most create them in a similar fashion, stretching finely tanned buckskin or elk skin across a wooden frame or hollowed log. Such a construction process combines animal and plant life, plus air, water and fire -- all of the earth's elements --resulting in an instrument that represents the circle of life [source: Big East Native].
American Indian drums tend to be large -- two or three feet wide -- and are normally played communally by groups of men standing in a circle. Smaller, single-sided drums are also used by Native Americans, as are water drums, which are created by stretching a moist, tanned hide over a small, wooden vessel or gourd filled with water. These smaller drums are sometimes called tom-toms by non-Native Americans; tom-tom is actually an old British term for a child's toy drum, not an American Indian term [source: Native Languages].
The Native American flute is considered one of the oldest musical instruments in the world, created after drums, rattles and whistles. Crafted over time from various materials including bone, bamboo and clay, plus numerous types of hardwoods and softwoods, American Indians eventually selected cedar as their favorite flute-making material. A softwood cedar flute, they felt, emits a more mellow tone [sources: Cedar Mesa, Wind Dancer Flutes].
Native American flutes have just two chambers -- which is quite unusual -- with a wall dividing the top and bottom chambers. Their length and the number of holes, varies depending on which tribe is creating them. All modern Native American flutes, however, are tuned to a specific pentatonic minor key and can only play notes in that key. If you want to play in another key, you'd use another flute.
Native Americans used flutes for everything from entertainment, prayer and healing to courtship, perhaps its most popular use. In fact, many flutes are called Love Flutes or Courting Flutes, and American Indians have numerous sacred stories as to how the Love Flute came to be used in courting.
Whistles and Rasps
Whistles and rasps are often included in Native American music. Whistles are usually made of bone and have been around for thousands of years; bone whistles discovered in northeastern Arizona came from the Basketmaker period (300 B.C. to 300 A.D.) [source: Cedar Mesa]. The eagle-bone whistle is the most common type of bone whistle, and other American Indian whistles were crafted from antlers, wood and the bones of other animals.
Rasps are notched sticks that make sounds when you scrape another stick against its notches. You can also place the rasp against the head of a drum to add resonance to the tone. The Utes call these instruments bear growlers because they use them to imitate the voice of the bear. The Hopi use rasps for their Turtle Dance; still other American Indians use its sound to imitate a frog croaking for rain.
While whistles and rasps create interesting sound effects, that's not their main purpose. Instead, their sounds are used to enhance a piece's symbolism, drawing on the materials from which the whistle or rasp was made, plus the song's purpose. For example, an eagle-bone whistle might be played during a tribe's Sun Dance to invoke the strength of the mighty bird [source: Suing].
Shaman's Drums and Rattles
A shaman is a person believed to be able to cure physical and mental ailments in people using certain instruments and articles. While many shamans are men, there are female shamans in some Native American tribes.
Often, a Native American shaman will begin his work by entering into a trancelike state -- sometimes induced by drugs -- to the rhythm of the shaman's drums and rattles. In this state, the shaman is considered to mediate in between the natural and spiritual worlds to heal people and, in some tribes, to influence the weather, hunting and other activities [source: Mission Del Rey Southwest].
The shaman drum -- also called a spirit drum, heart drum, healing drum and medicine drum -- is generally a one-sided instrument laced in the earth's four directions with a sturdy, natural hand-hold on the back, which allows the shaman to play it with his free hand. A drumstick can also be used, and the shaman sometimes strikes the drum from its underside with the hand holding its laces. A shaman's rattle is often made from gourds and finished with a hand-carved handle [source: Mission Del Rey Southwest].
Although drums and rattles are the most popular instruments used by shamans, some tribal shamans use musical bows, rasps, deer-hoof rattles and striking sticks in their work, too.
Powwows are actually a relatively new ceremony among Native Americans. Rare before Europeans came to North America, this communal ritual sprang up around the mid-19th century, when tribes were being relocated by the U.S. government and began interacting with one another and initiating cultural exchanges [source: Suing].
While powwows differ among tribes, they all typically begin with a Grand Entry of the color guard and dancers, then a welcome speech. After that, various dance performances are held, such as the Men's and Women's Traditional Dance, the Grass Dance and the Jingle Dress dance. Often there are dance competitions, and prizes are awarded.
The man instrument used at powwows is the drum. Powwow drums are typically large, two-sided drums, which allow several people play each drum simultaneously. The songs tend to be rhythmically complex, with the singers using a slightly different tempo than the drumbeat.
Powwow drums are revered and are placed on a blanket or stand during the performance, then covered when not being used. Before a powwow, a smudge of tobacco is usually applied to the drums in a sunrise ceremony, and no one can use drugs or alcohol near them [source: Suing].
Most powwows are open to the public and are a wonderful way for non-Native Americans to experience a little of their culture.
A chordophone is an instrument that has one or more strings stretched across a frame or sound box. You play the instrument by plucking, rubbing, bowing or striking the strings. Guitars, harps and fiddles are common chordophones.
Most of the chordophones used by Native Americans appeared after European settlers came ashore with their instruments, which the Native Americans copied, then tweaked, to come up with sounds pleasing to their musical sensibilities. Over time, the Native Americans' chordophones became indigenous [source: Suing].
Chordophone development and use varied by tribe. The Apache and Arctic Inuit especially favored fiddles, while harps became common in Latin American tribes. Guitars were widespread throughout the Americas. The Apache created a one- or two-string chordophone from the hollow stalk of an agave plant, which they dubbed a violin in English [source: Suing].One chordophone truly indigenous to Native Americans is the musical bow, which is a curved stick with a string stretched across the ends. The player can strike, pluck or rub the string to make music. Interestingly, although the musical bow is indigenous, contemporary Native American music rarely makes us of it [source: Suing].
Rattles are another popular instrument used by Native Americans. The rattles are made in several different ways. One is by filling dried gourds with pebbles or seeds, then inserting a handle into the opening. Gourd rattles are popular in the Southwestern U.S. Another involves sticking a wooden handle through a tortoise shell, filling it with pebbles, and then sealing off the openings. Plains Indians often create rattles by using buffalo horns. Other container rattles are crafted from rawhide; the hide is sewn together, shaped and dried, then filled with pebbles.
Deer-hoof, or deer-toe, rattles are crafted by stringing the hooves on a piece of twisted fiber, often agave. You usually need 24 or 32 hooves to make one rattle. The hooves are first boiled, then removed of their cartilage and bone. After being shaped and dried they're strung on the agave or attached to a stick in which holes have been drilled. Deer-hoof rattles make a distinct sound and are typically used only during funerals and wakes [source: Kumeyaay].
Sounds of the Sweat Lodge
All cultures throughout time have created some form of a sweat lodge, or sauna, to cleanse their bodies, minds and souls. In Native American cultures, sweat lodges are generally small enclosures with hot rocks in the center. Participants crawl inside, heated rocks are brought in and water is added to the rocks. As steam fills the lodge and participants begin to sweat, songs are sung to the beat of a sweat lodge drum, and prayers are said. The songs tend to be about forgiveness, healing and purification [source: Zango Music].
Typically, a round or oval double-headed drum is used in a sweat lodge. Round drums symbolize the universe, while the oval represents the elliptical path of the earth's movement around the sun. Lodge drums are generally about 5 inches (12.5 centimeters) thick with a hide on each side. Unbleached rawhide is often used because it's more durable than a bleached hide; the hide must be quite durable and able to hold its tension, otherwise the moisture inside the lodge could cause it to quickly go flat [source: Boehme Music].
The tone of a sweat lodge drum is generally high, strong and far-reaching -- a different sound than the typical drum.
Singing and Songs
While Native Americans use instruments in most of their music, they rarely play instrumental pieces, as singing is considered the most important part of the music, along with drumming. Musical genres favored by American Indians include lullabies, songs given to people by their guardian spirits, curing songs, ceremonial songs and those that accompany daily activities [source: Suing].
Not surprisingly, the various tribes have different vocal traditions. The Eastern Woodland Indians, for example, use special vocal techniques like rapid vibrato and yodeling in some songs to make their sounds more expressive. The Plains Indians are known for the tense, nasal tone of their singing, as are the Navajo and Apache; those from the Northwest Coast and Great Basin use a more relaxed, open style. Within these two styles, the tribes tend to favor using the lower or higher end of the vocal range [source: Suing].
Secular and Sacred
Both secular and sacred melodies form the repertoires of all Native American tribes. Secular music is used in songs honoring a person's life, in pieces of gratitude and in melodies used for communal celebrations, among many others. Sacred music is employed when dealing with things like the spirit life and the earth's elements. Overall, however, Native Americans perceive the sacred and secular as interwoven and don't make the major distinctions between the two that non-American Indians do [source: Encyclopedia Britannica].
Since drums are the primary instrument used by Native Americans, it's not surprising that they're used in both sacred and secular music. In both uses, it's critical that the sound of the drum beat is heard by everyone, because it's considered the voice that drives the music [source: Suing]. As with secular music, sacred music uses both large and small drums, although secular music tends to use larger drums.
The Legacy of African American Spirituals in Today's Gospel and Blues Music
Gospel and blues music and songs of the civil rights movement have roots in slave spirituals, songs of sorrow, but jubilation at the idea of freedom.
Related Articles
More Great Links
- Aquarius. "Native American Musical Instruments." Native American Encyclopedia. Sept. 20, 2010. (July 25, 2011) http://nativeamericanencyclopedia.com/native-american-musical-instruments/
- Arts Centre Theatre. "Native American Musical Instruments." May 16, 2011. (July 25, 2011) http://www.artscentretheatre.org/tag/native-american-musical-instruments
- Barefoots World. "The Native American Sweatlodge: A Spiritual Tradition." (July 29, 2011) http://www.barefootsworld.net/sweatlodge.html
- Big East Native Drums. "Big East Native Drums." (July 25, 2011) http://www.bigeastnative.com/
- Boehme Music. "Sweat Lodge Drum." (July 29, 2011) http://www.boehmemusic.com/en/drums/sewat-lodge-drum.html
- Cedar Mesa. "About the Native American Flute." (July 25, 2011) http://cedarmesa.com/flutehistory.html
- The Drum People. "Native American Sweat Lodge Drums." (July 29, 2011) http://www.thedrumpeople.com/sweatlodgedrum.html
- Eaze. "Native Heart." (July 25, 2011) http://www.eaze.com/nativeheart/
- Encyclopedia Britannica. "Native American music." (July 25, 2011) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1350772/Native-American-music
- Kumeyaay. "Native American Indian Gourd Rattles." (July 25, 2011) http://www.kumeyaay.info/music/gourdrattles.html
- Mission Del Rey Southwest. "Native American Shaman Drums-One Sided." (July 29, 2011) http://www.missiondelrey.com/native-american-shaman-drums.html
- National Music Museum. "Checklist of Musical Instruments of the Indigenous Peoples of North America." (July 25, 2011) http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/AmericanIndigenous/Checklist.html
- Native American Culture. "Music." (July 25, 2011) http://www.ewebtribe.com/NACulture/music.htm
- Native American Drums. "Top Four Indian Drum Songs." (July 28, 2011) http://www.nativeamericandrums.net/topfoindrso.html
- Native American Flutes. "The history of the Love Flute." (July 25, 2011) http://www.native-american-flutes.com/flute-history.htm
- Native Americans Music. "Native American Music." (July 25, 2011) http://www.nativeamericansmusic.com/
- Native Americans of the Southwest. "Southwest Indian Musical Instruments." (July 28, 2011) http://native-americans-of-the-southwest.info/musicalinstrumentssw.htm
- Native Languages. "American Indian Drums." (July 25, 2011) http://www.native-languages.org/drums.htm
- Shaman's Garden. "Shaman Rattles." (July 29, 2011) http://www.shamansgarden.com/c-499-shaman-instruments.aspx
- Song Stick. "Native American Flutes and Music by Troy Good Medicine De Roche." (July 25, 2011) http://www.songstick.com/index.html
- Suing, Michael. "Great Plains Indians Musical Instruments." Met Museum. (July 25, 2011) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/plai/hd_plai.htm
- Sunreed. "Native American Drums." (July 25, 2011) http://sunreed.com/NativeAmericanDrums.htm
- Teacher Vision. "Native American Instruments." (July 28, 2011) http://www.teachervision.fen.com/native-americans/resource/7427.html
- Wind Dancer Flutes. "History of the Native American Flute." (July 25, 2011) http://www.wind-dancer-flutes.com/History_of_the_native_american_f.htm
- Zango Music. "David Swallow, Jr. and Nyla Helper: Inipi Olowan Lakota Sweat Lodge Songs." (July 29, 2011) http://zangomusic.com/daswjrandnyh.html


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Department: Emergency Medicine
Specialties: Emergency Medicine
Ralph J. Riviello, MD, FACEP, MS, is board certified in emergency medicine. He is the medical director of the Philadelphia Sexual Assault Response Center (PSARC). He also serves as a reviewer for Annals of Emergency Medicine
Ralph Riviello, MD, FACEP, MS, is a professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine and director of forensic emergency medicine at Drexel University College of Medicine. He was recently honored with the College's Outstanding Alumni Teaching Award.
In addition to teaching medical students, Dr. Riviello teaches the Forensic Emergency Medicine and Traumatology course for the Master of Science in Forensic Science (MFS) program within the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies.
Dr. Riviello has participated in clinical research projects and has participated in, and served as principal investigator on, clinical trials.
* This physician's clinical practice is independent of Drexel University.


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How does Arma 3 play compared to Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis (ARMA: Cold War Assault)?
I remember the latter being very clunky with the vehicle handling.
How does Arma 3 play compared to Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis (ARMA: Cold War Assault)?
I remember the latter being very clunky with the vehicle handling.
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Its pretty similar honestly. The missions are a bit worse I guess. The thing that triggers me is that they don't use real life weapons but some sort of meme weapons in the campaign. Also the story and setting are infinitely worse for me. I liked the whole renegade Rusky vs NATO thing.
So basically, Operation Flashpoint in ARMA 3 engine WHEN!?
I fucking loved this and Resistance. I have all the ARMA content after it on steam too but are the campaigns as good?
I liked the original Cold War Crisis campaigns best. Holy shit some of those black ops missions were so comfy and hard. I remember one, it was ages ago, you have to destroy some enemy hinds with C4 in a Russian base. Shit was cash.
>The thing that triggers me is that they don't use real life weapons but some sort of meme weapons in the campaign.
I think the reason for that is they'd have to license those weapons.
Who is licensing weapons? The manufacturers?
Yes, you need to license to use brand names and I believe model them exactly 1:1.
I wonder if it was easier/cheaper so they did it for Operation Flashpoint. Maybe the process is different for older weapon systems.
I could never get into ARMA 3. ARMA 2 was a struggle for me.
I'm too adjusted to OPF
I just saw there is a whole remake of all OPF campaigns in ARMA 3 engine on the workshop. Guess I'll have to buy it then
I played it. It's not bad desu. It's the most fun I had with ARMA 3. They have all the cinematics, voices, music in sync surprisingly well.
Maybe the biggest weakness after OPF was the shitty campaigns? ARMA 2s was forgettable, I hate future war in ARMA 3.
Exactly. I think the Cold War is a better setting for these kind of games anyway. I mean fuck "future undefined war" if would've been better if they took something like Chechenia and made a OPF Resistance like campaign. But Cold War is the only relatively modern setting where you can pit two modern armies with all gear against each other. Everything else is warfare on a smaller scale. Although Arma WW2 would be interesting as well. The Eastern Front would work.
>So basically, Operation Flashpoint in ARMA 3 engine WHEN!?
Maybe not arma 3, but there is ofp campaign for arma 2 with updated models.
It's less janky for sure, but I wish they'd make campaigns like in OFP/Resistance again. Those James Gastovski missions were so goddamn fun and I preferred movie-ish villains like General Guba to faceless terrorists as the main antagonist like now. Imo they've become too realistic for their own good.
There is a OFP/Resistance remake for ArmA 2 btw, it's called Cold War Rearmed 2 and very fun.
James "Takes out your Shilka" Gastovski was the best guy in all of OP Flashpoint
Tbh, all I want to see is more 1970s/80s cold war gone hot.
I want to take out T72 tank columns in North German forest in a desperate attempt.
I want combined arms in the Netherlands plains as Harriers fly overhead with Challenger 1 and M1A1 tanks roll by.
I want sketchy radio contact with command as they try and confirm tactical nuclear devices over Poland and France.
The only time I have ever had my heart in my chest is taking out the shilkas as Gastovski in about 2003.
It's just using military designated names rather than AR-15 for the M16. From there you can make some model differences to have it not be the exact same appearance wise. Some are probably much cheaper like the MP5 (I think this name might be generic enough that you'd have to outright say it's HK to be in any real legal trouble though)
Squad might scratch your itch. The game is good, but gameplay is only as good as your Squad leader. So playing with randoms is trash for the most part.
Damn. I think there was one mission where you play that tank commander nigger (Hammer). And after killing some Ruskies Squad lead says something along the lines of:
"Papa Bear, everything red is dead or running back home crying to mama"
I've tried a few. I was in an ARMA group from ARMA 2 into 3 and we'd play cold war scenarios.
The settings were never quite right.
We had a weird mix of people though. You had purists who wanted to do it all military style (which I could do as I'm ex Army) and people wanting less realistic gameplay.
I've tried BF which is too close to COD
Insurgency is a weird hybrid.
I may give squad a go.
That moment when everyone but you is dead and the radio is silent. Sometimes I just let my squad die so I can be in peace.
I mean I was in some units too. You have people that really want the hierarchy with trainings and calling higher ranks SIR. Pure autism. I can't get into that anymore. I'd like some milsim but not total autism. I play Squad here and there but mostly with randoms, I'm waiting for Post Scriptum and I might try to get into a unit in there from the start.
Did you ever get the feels in Operation Flashpoint? I had them in that mission where you patrol the forest with 3 other guys. I was always immensely sad when we would lose a guy and his seat would be empty in the jeep when we drive back. I'd look back at the forest and think what a lonely grave that must be. Autism I know.
AR-15 and M16 are two different guns. You suck.
Yeah you had autismo people wanting to call them sir, because they're ex-army and got their full screw.
OPF was full of feels. The feeling of reaching the resistance for example after running from spetz natz was unreal.
Speaking of feels, the sense of immersion this game gave me when it came out was UNREAL. I was truly able to suspend disbelief when I played it, everything from the score, the weather effects, being able to look at your watch, navigating by stars, and of course the revolutionary for its time tactical gameplay blew my fucking mind away. It's real shame that the FPS genre didn't slide more towards the tactical leanings that OFP and its successors have...instead ARMA 1,2 and 3 are all considered niche titles now. Imagine a world where the call of duty MW campaign was played with a realistic tactical approach.
The difference between Colt's AR-15 and the M16 is extremely minor.
Is it true that the US Army used OP Flashpoint for some time for "training". I heard that somewhere
I remember there was one mission where you had to retreat fast and looking back I could see other retreating soldiers getting blown to bits by tanks, followed by a cutscenes with makeshift graves
And of course the Resistance campaign was full
of feels as well, especially the last few missions
Yup, they made a special build called VBS1, which was used by Muhreens.
The thing they especially did well was night. Never, even in later ARMA games was night THAT scary. Especially in the missions where you are guarding installations and face Spetznatz attacks. Or all the Night ops missions with Gastovski. It was really something else. Also some graphical effects still look so good to this day. Especially flares and stuff.
If they ever make an Arma 4 I hope they ditch the future shit and either go 90s - 2000s. They desperately need to get rid of the cancerous scrolling wheel action menu as well and more free movement. Also wish they'd put in more weapons and vehicles. Operation Arrowhead put in a fuckton of stuff for Arma 2. Hope they also improve audio and effects, explosions sound and look like shit.
Can you get Muhreen Arma somewhere?
Why were PC box arts so fucking absolutley shit??
I love cold war gone hot so much
it is a shame only naval sims seem to exploit it
>tfw Northern Inferno for CMANO
watching the soviets maul radar and airbases in scotland with nuclear cruise missiles then being placed in command of HMS Ark Royal's carrier group on a suicide mission to glass Murmansk and drop a few cheeky 200kt warheads on Backfire staging airfields felt better than losing my anal virginity and cumming hands free t b b h w y l
Also, for all of you Cold War gone hot fags, you might get some satisfaction out of Wargame Red Dragon if you're into RTS games.
I had fun with my DDR German kampfgruppen.
>OFP campaign remake.
>Forest escape mission
fuck that faggot forest and fuck that bmp ghosting me.
yeah, i remember that as well, top of my list for atmosphere. I recall driving around at night in some missions and feeling my sphincter clench not knowing what was around the next bend.
I would give my left testicle for an Iraqi Freedom ARMA game. The terrain is pretty barren, but with some variety like marshland. The map could be sufficiently big enough for exploration and more varied sandbox type levels PLUS aesthetically and technologically you have that late 90's look without things going too crazy like drones
the only game recently that came close was Kingdom come deliverance. It would give you the explanation of what to do and you had to go about it however you see fit.
I've watched playthroughs of missions I've done 10+ times and seen a new way of doing it. But it also makes sense.
I hate 'near future'. I want 80s cold war.
This guy gets it.
Only other times I've seen it is Wargame and World in Conflict.
It seems like an untapped genre.
Those are fine but I want to be part of a West German AT crew on the ground, guarding a forrest passage for example.
>you hear over comms the Soviets are getting pissed
>this goes on over weeks
>during this time you continue your normal exercise
>suddenly a panicked fire order from hq tells you to engage any armour heading down your protected passage
>comms go off
>you hear T72s in the distance
the original wasn't much better really, i replayed the Steam version a few weeks ago. and I had to resort to the skip level cheat since it's so maddening.
I did get that feeling from KCD as well. In some ways it makes sense because when I was playing OFP in 2001, I was also playing mafia, which was designed by the same guy who created KCD. In a weird way it comes full circle
Was there ever a moment in vidya history that is as fucked up and panicky as the second mission of OPF when you take that village and Papa Bear tells you to fuck off right out of there coz Rusky armor is coming to make mincemeat out of your bois?
Or the retreat from Everon/get to the extraction point mission?
I vividly remember seeing a car coming down the road so I hid in the bushes, and when they came near I stepped out and hosed the driver and occupants down. Took the car for myself and drove all the way to the extraction point grinning like a Cheshire cat. As soon as I got to the village i was blown the fuck up by a T-72. Can't ever remember a recent game that gave me a feeling of complete hope then utter despair when my best plan literally blew up in my face. The best thing was the game never told you what to do, there wasn't a tutorial that popped up in a box in your hud that said "you can steal cars to travel faster" or some bullshit. It encouraged experimentation and rewarded failure with swift and glorious death.
I don't even remember how I passed that mission. I know I had a method that worked as a kid, but holy shit that was trial and error as fuck.
i vaguely remember sticking to forests and speeding up time a lot when running. once you realize patrols mainly stick to roads and figure out where the checkpoints are it's pretty easy.
i loved this game
What was the hardest mission in OPF? I remember Red Hammer being really hard in some parts. The one mission that sticks out is a black ops mission where you have to blow up some hinds. I remember the Shilka missions as well but in the end I was so good with the LAW I could snipe them pretty easily from far away which made the missions a lot easier.
Haven't finished the game since....2006? But I remember a lot of the tank missions being a pain in the arse. Some of the aircraft missions were cheap too. The one that takes the cake for me was the last mission and scud hunting
I played this game for the first time like a month ago and my heart was in my mouth the entire fucking mission.
>Sneaking out of forest
>Go prone when I notice an entire squad of soldiers sweeping the opening in front of me
>Wait for them to pass and crawl to the closest bush
>Notice car somewhere downhill
>Too afraid to go and get it because it's right next to the forest and I know the Russians would be combing that area
>Mfw it's at this moment, amongst hostile soldiers, roaming tanks and APCs, that a Hind decides to over by
Crazy how a game with such basic graphics can be so damned immersive.
this guy's right. Once you played enough and worked out how to cheese it, many missions became easy. But anything involving tanks was hard.
Fuck no. Arma 3 campaign felt like a CoD campaign compared to OFP. OFP's campaign could had been the best in the FPS genre if it actually works.
Well I guess you can only do so much. I think much of the enemy movement is predetermined and scripted and they did a good job. It's normal you kinda find loopholes and learn the patterns after you played it for a while
haha. it really does feel like you're surviving and using only your wits. especially when one shot can kill.
I agree about the immersion, and I still think it's crazy that a game that old conveyed the feelings it did. Looking back that era in PC gaming (1998-2008) for me was definitely the most interesting. It's quite sad how the industry has traded that feeling of "being there" for pure popcorn cinema with no soul.
yeah, I suppose that's how I meant to 'cheese it'.
I remember one mission finding a BMP with the crew in a relax stance so they were open top. I fired one LAW at them, killing them and taking the BMP for myself.
The marketing around the game was always 'once you see the flash - it's already too late'
>Arma 4
Arma will never be good again, they wen't full Jew with 3, requiring 50 dollar dlc expansions for shit that should have been in the base game
what a fucking disaster of a game, fuck that slav jew company
>DayZ standalone
the better question is who will take the reigns that Arma dropped?
Anybody knows if I need anything else besides base ARMA 3 for the OPF remake mod? Do I need Apex and that shit?
>hey wen't full Jew with 3
so much fucking this. they obviously make a ton of money from govt contracts with VBS, why the fuck would they need to nickel and dime us like that?
>better question is who will take the reigns that Arma dropped?
i'm this close to petitioning Warhorse Studios to make an arma type game
i hated this, sometimes i just tried to tell myself that they are out of signal reach, but deep inside i knew....
>not the Ural truck with a ZU-23 on the back
I played through the entire series a few summers ago.
arma 3 has
>more fun sp missions, some let you free roam (no unforgettable shit like lmao ure downed find ure way using starsu lmao or lmao everyone is ded time to evade tanks and choppers innawoods tho)
>tiny bit less clunky
>better graphics, bigger worlds, more detailed worlds, more detailed vehicles, more detailed acoustics, more detailed ballistics, more in depth inventory and customization system, underwater combat, better nighttime combat, much better AI with better tactics
basically everything has been improved insanely but the setting is not as interesting.
arma series is just one series that gets better every installment while remaining faithful.
Only real complaint is that they should get rid of the scroll menu and replace scroll, convo and orders menu with a pie menu with pie submenus like battlefield. It is objectively better in every single fucking way
>full Jew with 3
BI has the best fucking dlc model of any game
>DLC is always a major update that updates the entire game and engine
>Everyone gets the engine and gameplay improvements with each dlc
>everyone can play together wether they have DLC or not
>people who dont get dlc cant use any of the DLC content and then only thing is they have a icon on their screen saying they cant use it but they can buy it
>autismal fags upset because theres an icon on the screen when they pick up dlc shit and want to corradooty
even expansions like tanoa gave everyone an fucking engine update
BI is goat with dlc. Stay mad autists
Oh definitely, back in Harpoon days was awesome too - setting up multi-axis backfire/badger raids on an american CVBG, then laughing with glee as they go to engage and your actual strike arrives from a oscar to the west and a 500kt Kingfish slams into a Nimitz class
Shipwreck sorry - Kingfish are air to surface
I miss the multiplayer
>use gamespy arcade for once to check out the multiplayer
>no idea wtf im doing
>join a server
>there's like 30 people in the lobby
>get into the game after downloading a big ass map
>get assigned to a pilot role
>suddenly we're all in a plane with Purple Haze playing
>cuts to my guy fucking sky diving along with 29 others
>holy fuck this is awesome
>try to land with the rest of the group
>there's a bunch of crates with weapons in them
>load up and follow the team who are assaulting some castle (those ruined ones from the campaign)
>we take it
>we're told we have to split up into groups
>1 takes some jeeps to a tank base to grab some decommissioned armor, another proceeds on foot to a checkpoint where they have to wait for said armor and the last group (the one im in) head to an abandoned airfield to get some choppers
>on the way there a fucking bmp sees us and kills 2 of my squad
>airfield has 2 russians patrolling
>kill them and get a warning that more are coming and we have to be quick
>there's a blackhawk and a few cobras
>refuel the blackhawk and take off while my other squadmate takes a cobra
>told to fly to the checkpoint and pick up stragglers along the way
>some people actually got separated in the initial parachute phase and lit off flares/map markers so i could pick them up
>meet up at the checkpoint and pick up the rest
>need to drop off rpg guys in specific spots so they can take out air support
>my job after that is basically fly around the massive town we have to take and provide air support/pick up wounded
>plan goes to shit when a shilka that was supposed to be taken out shoots me and i crash in a blaze of fury
>turn into a white pigeon and get to fly around and spectate the other players
it was a wild ride
makes me so sad that no one plays arma2 anymore
and arma3 is just koth and roleplay servers
I wish arma2 would get players back and servers back again because I still enjoy arma2 more than 3 if there were actually anyone playing 2
>they obviously make a ton of money from govt contracts with VBS
Pretty sure the simulation wing is a completely different entity these days, they're based out of Australia while normal BI are still Czech
Haha shit was cash.
>Join some server
>Get assigned as Machine Gunner
>We land with a choper and jump into a ditch
>A guy sneaks up to a Russian tank for literally 20 minutes
>We sit and watch
>Tank turns around and blasts the guy
>Random gunfire
>I start spraying with the M60
>Cease fire! Cease fire!
>Tanks start rolling towards us
>Squad lead in the chat: "Are you satisfied now Rambo?"
>find a copy of ArmA 1's gold edition in a bargain bin as a kid
>have no idea what I'm in for
>good thing I liked oldschool Tom Clancy games
>autistically screw around with all the vehicles and guns, gradually learning the level editor
>eventually create ridiculous huge night combat scenarios with tank columns and helicopter insertions lit up with stupid amounts of tracer fire and explosions
i miss those days
I mis /a3g/ lighthearted yet tactical gameplay without armchair commanders
fucking public servers are cancer
>find empty insurgency server
>grab my shorts, straw hat, lbv, m14, acog, bipod and
>go hit a enemy base
>slowly kill them off one by one by using superiour positioning, manouvering and not doing anything stupid
>a clanmember of server joins, hangs out with me, gets killed constantly os has to be saved by me constantly
>rest of his clan joins
>mfw I'm approaching from a hill that gives me lots of good rocky cover and clearing enemy out step by step
>mfw they approach from a field below 10 men in a tight buch
>mfw the forest surrounding the field is filled with AI and AI machinegunners
>mfw they get cut down to a man 4 times before they clear the field
>mfw i get the flag
>mfw their 12 year old armchair co is furious with me for "my unproffessional attire" and bans me
most a3 groups even those who think theyre hardcore shit are just bunch of braindead fucking retards without a single tactical thought in their entire family tree
What games have playable NVA (Nationale Volksarmee - East Germany)
I only know that they are featured in Wargame: Red Dragon
>Bought this new OFP game when i was 11
>Finish every mission with a negative score
>'well its just a score'
>Got fired from an army 14 missions later
Never finished it since then