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TALMUD HERMENEUTICS:(Redirected from MIDDOT: THE SEVEN, OF HILLEL.)
- Classes of Rules.
- Dates of the Rules.
- Akiba's Rules.
- 1. Ḳal (ḳol) wa-ḥomer:
- 2. Gezerah shawah ("Similar laws, similar verdicts"):
- 3. Binyan ab mi-katub eḥad ("A standard from a passage of Scripture"):
- 4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim ("A standard from two passages of Scripture"):
- 5. Kelal u-feraṭ and feraṭ u-kelal ("General and particular, particular and general," i.e., limitation of the general by the particular and vice versa):
- 6. Ka-yoẓe bo mi-maḳom aḥer ("Like that in another place"):
- 7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano ("Something proved by the context"):
The science which defines the rules and methods for the investigation and exact determination of the meaning of the Scriptures, both legal and historical. Since the Halakah, however, is regarded simply as an exposition and explanation of the Torah, Talmud hermeneutics includes also the rules by which the requirements of the oral law are derived from and established by the written law. These rules relate to: (a) grammar and exegesis; (b) the interpretation of certain words and letters and superfluous words, prefixes, and suffixes in general; (c) the interpretation of those letters which, in certain words, are provided with points; (d) the interpretation of the letters in a word according to their numerical value (see Gemaṭria); (e) the interpretation of a word by dividing it into two or more words (see Noṭariḳon); (f) the interpretation of a word according to its consonantal form or according to its vocalization; (g) the interpretation of a word by transposing its letters or by changing its vowels; and (h) the logical deduction of a halakah from a Scriptural text or from another law.
Compilations of such hermeneutic rules were made in the earliest times. The tannaitic tradition recognizes three such collections, namely: (1) the seven Rules of Hillel (baraita at the beginning of Sifra; Ab. R. N. xxxvii.); (2) the thirteen Rules of R. Ishmael (baraita at the beginning of Sifra; this collection is merely an amplification of that of Hillel); and (3) the thirty-two Rules of R. Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili. The last-mentioned rules are contained in an independent baraita which has been incorporated and preserved only in later works. They are intended for haggadic interpretation; but many of them are valid for the Halakah as well, coinciding with the rules of Hillel and Ishmael.
It must be borne in mind, however, that neither Hillel, Ishmael, nor Eliezer ben Jose ha-Gelili sought to give a complete enumeration of the rules of interpretation current in his day, but that they omitted from their collections many rules which were then followed. For some reason or other theyrestricted themselves to a compilation of the principal methods of logical deduction, which they called "middot" (measures), although the other rules also were known by that term (comp. Sifre, Num. 2 [ed. Friedmann, p. 2a]).Dates of the Rules.
All the hermeneutic rules scattered through the Talmudim and Midrashim have been collected by Malbim in "Ayyelet ha-Shaḥar," the introduction to his commentary on the Sifra, and have been arbitrarily reckoned at 613, to correspond with the 613 commandments. The antiquity of the rules can be determined only by the dates of the authorities who quote them; in general, they can not safely be declared older than the tanna to whom they are first ascribed. It is certain, however, that the seven middot of Hillel and the thirteen of Ishmael are earlier than the time of Hillel himself, who was the first to transmit them. At all events, he did not invent them, but merely collected them as current in his day, though he possibly amplified them.
The Talmud itself gives no information concerning the origin of the middot, although the Geonim regarded them as Sinaitic (
The middot seem to have been first laid down as abstract rules by the teachers of Hillel, though they were not immediately recognized by all as valid and binding. Different schools interpreted and modified them, restricted or expanded them, in various ways. Akiba and Ishmael and their scholars especially contributed to the development or establishment of these rules. Akiba devoted his attention particularly to the grammatical and exegetical rules, while Ishmael developed the logical. The rules laid down by one school were frequently rejected by another because the principles which guided them in their respective formulations were essentially different. According to Akiba, the divine language of the Torah is distinguished from the speech of men by the fact that in the former no word or sound is superfluous. He established two principles broadening the scope of the rule of his teacher Nahum of Gimzo, who had declared that certain particles, like
Ishmael, on the contrary, lays down the principle,
Ishmael, in opposition to Akiba, follows the principle
According to Akiba, laws may be deduced from the juxtaposition of two legal sections, since "every passage which stands close to another must be explained and interpreted with reference to its neighbor" (
A more detailed discussion of the seven rules of Hillel and of the thirteen of Ishmael may now be given, together with certain other important canons of Talmud hermeneutics.1. Ḳal (ḳol) wa-ḥomer:
The first rule of Hillel and of Ishmael, called also "din" (conclusion). This is the argument "a minori ad majus" or "a majori ad minus." In the Baraita of Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili this rule is divided into two (Nos. 5 and 6), since a distinction is made between a course of reasoning carried to its logical conclusion in the Holy Scriptures themselves ("ḳal wa-ḥomer meforash") and one merely suggested there ("ḳal wa-ḥomer satum"). The completed argument is illustrated in ten examples given in Gen. R. xcii. The full name of this rule should be "ḳal wa-ḥomer, ḥomer we-ḳal" (simple and complex, complex and simple), since by it deductions are made from the simple to the complex or vice versa, according to the nature of the conclusion required. The major premise on which the argument is based is called "nadon," or, at a later period, "melammed" (that which teaches); the conclusion resulting from the argument is termed
The second rule of Hillel and of Ishmael, and the seventh of Eliezer b. Jose ha-Gelili. This may be described as argument by analogy, which infers from the similarity of two cases that the legal decision given for the one holds good for the other also. The term "gezerah shawah" originally included arguments based on analogies either in word or in fact. Before long, however, the latter class was designated as "heḳḳesh," while the phrase "gezerah shawah" was limited to analogy in the case of two different Biblical laws containing a word common to both. The gezerah shawah was originally restricted to a δὶς λερόμευον, i.e., a word occurring only in the two passages offering the analogy. Since such a word is found nowhere else, there is no reason to assume that it bears different meanings in the two passages. The gezerah shawah consequently attaches to the word in the one passage the entire sequence of ideas which it bears in the other. Such a gezerah shawah is purely lexicographical, as seeking to determine the exact signification of a word by comparison with another passage in which the full meaning of such word is clear. The rule thus demonstrates itself. An example will illustrate this more clearly. The phrase
A certain passage serves as a basis for the interpretation of many others, so that the decision given in the case of one is valid for all the rest.4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim ("A standard from two passages of Scripture"):
By this rule a decision in two laws having a characteristic in common (
According to Ishmael, this principle has eight special applications, and thus includes eight separate rules in his scheme (Nos. 4-11). This method of limitation is one of the main points of difference between Ishmael and Akiba. According to the former, who follows his teacher R. Neḥunya b. ha-Ḳanah, the particular is only an elucidation of the preceding general expression, so that the latter includes only what is contained in the particular (
The explanation of a Biblical passage according to another of similar content.7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano ("Something proved by the context"):
Definition from the context. Ishmael omits rule 6 entirely, and has another (No. 13) instead which is not found in Hillel, and which reads thus:
To support a halakic decision, and more especially to find a point of departure in the Haggadah, the traditional reading of a word is altered by transposition of its consonants or by substitution of others which are related to them, or the consonant-group is retained with alteration of its vowels, the last method being the most frequent. A halakic example of this form of hermeneutics is the interpretation of the word "kapot" (bough; Lev. xxiii. 40) as though it were "kaput" (bound; Sifra, ed. Weiss, p. 102d; Suk. 32a). It is noteworthy, moreover, that only the Tannaim derived new halakot with the aid of these rules, while the Amoraim employed them only in advancing haggadic explanations or in establishing the old halakot of the Tannaim.
- Saadia Gaon, Commentary on the thirteen middot of R. Ishmael, published by Schechter in Bet Talmud, iv. 237 et seq., and in the Œuvres Complètes, ix. 73-83;
- Rashi, Commentary on the thirteen rules, in Kobak's Jeschurun, vi., Hebrew part, pp. 38-44, 201-204;
- the remaining commentaries on the thirteen rules are enumerated by Jellinek in Ḳonṭres ha-Kelalim, Nos. 163-175;
- R. Samson of Chinon, Sefer Keritut, Warsaw, 1854;
- Malachi Kohen, Yad Mal'aki, Berlin, 1852;
- Aaron ibn Ḥayyim, Middot Aharon;
- R. Solomon Algazi, Yabin Shemu'ah;
- Jacob Hirsch Jolles, Melo ha-Ro'im, part ii.;
- Hirsch Chajes, Mebo ha-Talmud, Zolkiev, 1845;
- Malbim, Ayyelet ha-Shaḥar;
- Frankel, Hodegetica in Mischnam, pp. 19 and 108-109, Leipsic, 1859;
- I. H. Weiss, Dor, i. 164-168, ii. 105;
- Mordecai Plungian, Sefer Talpiyyot, Wilna, 1849;
- H. S. Hirschfeld, Halachische Exegese, Berlin, 1840;
- idem, Hagadische Exegese, ib. 1847;
- Grätz, Hillel und Seine Sieben Interpretationsregeln, in Monatsschrift, i.;
- M. Mielziner, The Talmudic Syllogism or the Inference of Kal Vechomer, in Hebrew Review, i., Cincinnati, 1880;
- Hoffmann, Zur Einleitung in die Halachischen Midraschim, pp. 4-11, Berlin, 1887;
- idem, Ein Midrasch über die Dreizehn Middot, in Berliner Festschrift, pp. 55-71;
- S. Landau, Ansichten des Talmud und der Geonim über den Werth der Midraschischen Schriftauslegung, Hanover, 1888;
- Dobschütz, Die Einfache Bibelexegese der Tannaim, Halle, 1893;
- A. Schwartz, Die Hermeneutische Analogie, Vienna, 1897;
- idem, Der Hermeneutische Syllogismus, ib. 1901.


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December 20, 2017Global
CFR experts discuss the data worth tracking in the year ahead.
June 10, 2016United Kingdom
Five experts analyze the potential impacts of a UK departure from the European Union on economic growth, financial stability, and foreign policy.
December 24, 2015Global
What's in store next year for the global economy? Five experts weigh in on the challenges facing the eurozone, the fragility of emerging markets, and the prospects for clean energy.
March 12, 2015Israel
Israel's next governing coalition will lead a country that is prosperous and militarily strong but faces security, economic, and social challenges. Five experts weigh in on the country's policy prior…
December 22, 2014Global
What's in store next year for the global economy? Four experts identify important signals to look for on Europe, China, the United States, and global trade.
April 22, 2015Turkey
A century after the mass killings and displacement of the Ottoman Empire's Armenians, four experts reflect on the present-day echoes of those atrocities and the path forward.
December 13, 2013Global
What does 2014 have in store for the global economy? Five experts identify the most important trends, challenges, and opportunities in the upcoming year.
October 20, 2010China
How should Washington react to increasing signs of Chinese assertiveness in its neighborhood? Four CFR experts counsel firmness and engagement with China, and intensified ties between the United Stat…
October 19, 2012United States
With the presidential candidates squaring off for a final debate, four CFR fellows weigh in on questions that should arise on major on foreign policy issues facing the nation.
December 21, 2012Global
What does 2013 have in store for the global economy? We asked five distinguished experts to identify the most important trends, challenges, and opportunities in the upcoming year.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you have some time during final exam week and can give us a three hour block of time for proctoring exams, please contact us.
This may be a good time for you to get some grading or reading done and, at the same time, provide a valuable service to the IC community. We can ask your deans and supervisors for release time, if necessary.
If you're interested, please contact Kelly Charnley for more information. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or 274-1257.
Thank you very much for your consideration.
The staff at Student Disability Services
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SAS named a leader in multimodal predictive analytics and machine learning solutions by independent research firm
SAS has been named a leader in The Forrester Wave™: Multimodal Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning Solutions, Q3 2018. The report noted "SAS builds the first truly multimodal PAML solution," calling out that what might seem impossible isn't for SAS.
"Highly skilled data scientists and analytical professionals are in short supply as organizations struggle to find solutions to complex business problems," said Lorry Hardt, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Strategist at SAS. "Built for speed and simplicity, SAS machine learning tools address all of the steps necessary for data scientists to business users alike to turn raw data into actionable insights. Since machine learning is a cornerstone technology for artificial intelligence, this SAS expertise is particularly valuable as more and more organizations embrace the power and the promise of AI."
SAS® Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning offers users a single platform to solve complex analytical problems. Combining data preparation visualization advanced analytics and model deployment, it unifies the entire machine learning process, from data access/transformation and preparation to scoring, in one environment. Running on the SAS® Viya® engine, SAS Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning includes the latest statistical, machine learning, deep learning and text analysis algorithms that accelerate structured and unstructured data explorations, while also supporting popular open source languages.
The report states: "[SAS] Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning platform lets you go round-trip between visual machine learning pipelines and code, and offers integrated features for automated machine learning. All of this is packaged in a slick visual, (veteran SAS users take note), unified environment that includes a growing set of well-thought through visual tools for creating models – even deep neural networks."
SAS ranked highest in the current offering and market presence categories and received among the highest scores in the strategy category.
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SAS is the leader in analytics. Through innovative software and services, SAS empowers and inspires customers around the world to transform data into intelligence. SAS gives you THE POWER TO KNOW®.


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Want to understand why Europe won't stand up to Vladimir Putin's dismemberment of Ukraine? Look at the recent meeting of the G-7's energy ministers in Rome.
It's common knowledge that Europeans are dependent on Russia's state-run Gazprom for their natural-gas needs — up to 30 percent for the European Union as a whole, more for Eastern Europe. The threat of cutting off this vital supply allowed Putin to get away with annexing Crimea, cowing our NATO allies into quivering passivity in the face of naked aggression.
The energy ministers of France, Germany, Italy and Great Britain meeting in Rome know this, too. As the Brit representative at the Rome meeting put it, Europe desperately needs a plan "to prevent energy being used as a weapon in the future" — and to wean themselves off Gazprom.
But their "answer" is pathetic.
The draft 13-point plan includes everything from stockpiling more supplies of natural gas in case of a cutoff and diversifying supply sources (meaning not just buying from the Russians) to promoting more "clean and sustainable energy technologies" (meaning more windmills).
Everything, that is, except the most obvious solution of all: tapping into Europe's own huge natural-gas reserves.
According to our Energy Information Administration, Europe sits on reserves equaling 639 trillion cubic feet of gas — roughly equal to half of Russia's reserves (the world's largest) and more than enough to make Europe independent of Putin and Gazprom.
But that tapping those reserves means embracing fracking, the technology that has revolutionized the US energy industry by unlocking vast amounts of shale gas and oil.
Like environmentalists here, Europe's greens have made fracking a dirty word — and the European fanatics have more political clout.
For example, Exxon Mobil began fracking to harvest natural gas in Germany in 2008 — but had to stop when the government issued a moratorium. France has banned fracking outright. The United Kingdom has proven gas reserves of 200 trillion cubic feet in Lancashire alone — but with even the Cameron government pushing, it may be years before permits to drill get granted.
This is insanity in action. Every government in Europe knows fracking would produce enormous government revenues, create tens of thousands of jobs, reduce natural-gas prices there to something approaching the price here (which is about a quarter of what Germans or Italians pay), all while using the same technology that for 60 years has drilled 1.2 million wells in the United States without producing a single case of contaminated ground water.
But Europe's environmentalists still see natural gas as a dreaded "fossil fuel" and so won't let it happen. And so Putin is empowered to increase his grip over the continent's future — even though the solution sits directly under everyone's feet.
It's a good lesson for us here, too. Letting the greens dictate your energy choices, whether it's halting the XL Pipeline or fracking in New York, isn't just bad economics. It can also leave your rivals and enemies controlling your energy destiny.
Imagine the strong hand we would have had during the Arab oil embargo in 1973-74 if we hadn't become dependent on imported oil — and the weak hand we would have now dealing with Iran and Venezuela if fracking hadn't given us a new abundance of oil and gas here at home.
Maybe the Ukraine crisis will awaken the Europeans to reconsider fracking and realize the danger their enviro fanatics have put them in. Or maybe our own fanatics will still win their fight to stop fracking.
Consider Europe's story a salutary warning of what can happen if the Environmental Defense Fund and its friends in Washington get to call the shots on how we fuel our economic growth — and make us sacrifice not only jobs and prosperity, but energy security, on the altar of combatting "climate change."


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I'm a planetarium software author (ECU) and I'd like to update it so users can do an aavso query of an object.
I used to use: http://www.aavso.org/cgi-bin/searchcharts3.pl?name=VARNAME
but it no longer works.
I see that VSX in the about page says:
"Querying the Database
Web-based tools for querying VSX in various ways are available to the public. The public data returned in a query transaction contains all the accumulated data for the most recent revision level for each star in the recordset, including details of all modifications made to the data, and references to support those changes. Previous revisions may also be viewed. The public interface does not include the means for modifying the data in any way, but a form for sending suggestions for modification to the Project Administrator is made available."
Is there documentation for this?
Also, since we keep being told: "VSP is not a planetarium program" :-), I'd like to better integrate it with one, as that is what many of us use to plan our observations. It would be really nice to click on a star in the planetarium and press a button and up comes a VSP chart.
Can I bring up a VSP chart from an appropriately formatted web link? If so, where can I get the documentation?
--- Dave


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James 2:1
"My brothers, show no partiality as you hold the faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory" (v. 1).
"My brothers, show no partiality as you hold the faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory" (v. 1).
We turn today to the first verse of the second chapter of James, wherein the apostle refers to Jesus as "the Lord of glory." Even though this is an acceptable translation of the original Greek text, it is not necessarily the most accurate way to render the verse in English. As the note in the Reformation Study Bible indicates, it is also possible to translate "the Lord of glory" as simply "the glory." In reality, it does not really matter which one we choose because the two translations are synonymous. However, to say Jesus is "the glory" is a good way to encapsulate a portion of the New Testament's description of the majesty of Christ. As someone from a Jewish background, James undoubtedly had the Hebrew term kabod in mind when he penned his epistle. "Glory," or kabod in the original text, usually deals with weightiness or substance. When the Old Testament declares that God's name is "glorious" (1 Chron. 29:13), it is ascribing weight or importance to His name. Basically, the meaning is that God possesses supreme gravitas; nothing is more important or greater than He, and no one deserves more honor. Under the old covenant, the primary way in which our Creator manifested His glory was in a cloud. (Ex. 16:10; 1 Kings 8:10). We do not know exactly what this cloud looked like, but we get the impression that it glowed brightly with some kind of unique light because this same cloud had to direct Israel through the wilderness after they left Egypt (Neh. 9:12). In fact, most of us probably think of bright light whenever we hear the word glory, and this is due to the fact that light is often associated with glory in Scripture (Rev. 21:23). Christ is the incarnation of God's glory (John 1:14), and it is the vision of this glory in the new heavens and earth for which we all hope. When Jesus walked the earth, this glory was usually hidden from plain view and only visible for brief moments to a select few of His disciples (Luke 9:28–36). But all who love and serve the Messiah will one day get to see the beauty of His glory. In the new Jerusalem we will see Him face to face (Rev. 21).
Coram Deo Living before the face of God
It is hard for us to understand exactly what God's glory may look like, but the various descriptions of it in Scripture seem to indicate that it will be the most beautiful sight we will ever experience. All of the goodness and beauty we see in the present will be nothing in comparison to the refulgent glory of God. As we think on the Lord's glory, let us be concerned to reflect His beauty and goodness in all that we do and say.
For Further Study
- Psalm 76
- Isaiah 60:1–3
- Ezekiel 44:1–4
- Hebrews 3:1–6


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Story highlights
Lionel Messi named in Barcelona squad for Sunday's La Liga trip to Real Betis
Argentine has recovered quickly from injury that threatened his world record bid
Messi is one goals short of Gerd Muller's record of 85 in a calendar year
Real Madrid come from behind to close gap on second-placed Atletico
Lionel Messi's bid to break Gerd Muller's record for goals in a calendar year is back on after the Argentina star was named in Barcelona's squad to travel to Real Betis on Sunday.
Messi, who is one short of the German's 1972 milestone mark of 85, has made a quick recovery from the injury he suffered on Wednesday that had football fans around the world so worried.
"He completed training on Saturday without any kind of trouble," coach Tito Vilanova said on Barca's website.
"There are still a lot of hours until kickoff and we'll all evaluate the situation together and decide whether he'll play the full 90 minutes or just part of the match.
"The important thing is that he's feeling okay … But he could easily wake up in the morning and tell us he's feeling pain again."
Mapping Messi's annus mirabilis
Messi injured his knee after coming on as a substitute in the 0-0 Champions League draw with Benfica, prompting fears that he would miss Barcelona's last four games of 2012.
"When I first felt the knock, the pain made me imagine I'd be out for many months," he said.
However, he announced the following day that the injury was not serious – and now it appears he is fit to face fifth-placed Betis.
"If he travels it's because he's ready to play. If there was the slightest risk, he wouldn't be going," Vilanova said.
"I think Messi was comforted when he found out that it's not a serious injury. If he wants to be in the squad because he's not feeling any trouble, then so much the better for us.
"But he doesn't need to make this kind of effort to show how much he loves this sport."
Barcelona went into the weekend six points clear of Atletico Madrid, who host Deportivo La Coruna earlier on Sunday.
Champions Real Madrid closed to within two points of Atletico after coming from behind to beat seventh-placed Valladolid on Saturday.
Angolan striker Manucho twice put the home side ahead, but Germany midfielder Mesut Osil scored his second goal of the match with a superb 72nd-minute free-kick that went in off the underside of the crossbar to clinch a vital win for Real.
Jose Mourinho brought on Angel Di Maria and Luka Modric in the second half to boost his attacking options, then was able to substitute opening goalscorer Karim Benzema late in the match with Real ahead.
Malaga, like Real and Barca through to the last 16 of the Champions League, moved up to fourth on goal difference after a 4-0 win at home to Granada.
Joaquin and Javier Saviola scored in the first half, while Ignacio Camacho and Roque Santa Cruz netted late in the second to leave Granada third from bottom.
In Italy, veteran striker Francesco Totti scored twice as Roma moved up to fourth place in Serie A with a 3-2 win at home to Fiorentina.
Fiorentina could have moved above third-placed Inter Milan, but went 3-1 down as Totti netted his second in first-half injury time.
Moroccan striker Mounir El Hamdaoui reduced the deficit immediately after the interval but Totti set up Argentina-born Italy international Pablo Osvaldo for his eighth goal this season to put the capital side above the visitors on goal difference.
Atalanta moved up to seventh with a 2-1 win over mid-table Parma, as veteran Argentine striker German Denis netted the opener for his sixth goal in Serie A this campaign.
Defender Federico Peluso made it 2-0 before Brazilian Amauri reduced the deficit just before halftime.
Valencia beat Osasuna 1-0 in Ernesto Valverde's first game as coach, moving up to 10th in the table thanks to a 55th-minute goal from Spain striker Roberto Soldado.


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'Pokemon' X,Y improve the original (review)
It's taken 17 years, but "Pokémon" finally feels modern. The series that began on the Game Boy's monochrome screen has slowly evolved with each generation of Nintendo's handheld systems. It went from primitive sprites to fancy 16-bit visuals before later adapting to the dual screens of the Nintendo DS. But one change has eluded fans: the transition from pixel to polygons.
There have been half-steps and minor tweaks, but finally, Game Freak has made the leap. With "Pokémon X" and "Pokémon Y," the Japanese role-playing game gets a long-awaited revamp that will attract new fans and lure veterans back into the fold. In addition to prettier graphics, the team has simplified and bolstered the online mode and added a new dynamic with the introduction of Mega Evolution.
Combine that with a setting inspired by France, and the latest entries are two of the best in a decade. Players will feel like they're exploring new territory in the Kalos region as the move to polygons allows the team to shift the camera and create more interesting locales and dungeons. For example, players may need to hop on a Rhyhorn to get across rocky terrain or venture through some old chateau to attain a battle nobility. Almost every area has a clever twist.
Although Game Freak makes strides in designing the world, the developer still sticks to story conventions established since the original. Players create their trainer, and the local professor gives them the task of filling out the Pokédex. They'll have to catch them all (as the franchise's slogan recommends) and defeat gym leaders along the way. There's even a rival group called Team Flare, a nod to the Team Rocket of yesteryear.
Despite the plot's outline being the same as every other "Pokémon" title, the team does a decent job of mixing up how the adventure unfolds. The campaigns feature a wider circle of friends and a few more surprises with the themes of beauty and evolution factoring heavily in the narrative. Fans should appreciate the visuals that make each scene more cinematic, almost like they're playing a cartoon.
As for grinding through dungeons and leveling up Pokémon, that's still part of the game. The 3-D graphics make the fights feel fresher and less like work. Players will want to see every new attack capture old favorites to see how they translate to polygons.
Other new features are also notable. "Pokémon X" and "Pokémon Y" (each edition has different Pokémon so players can trade, but the games are essentially the same) make it more convenient to trade with and battle against other players. Fans no longer have to trudge to a designated area; they can perform online actions anywhere in the game via the Player Search System. Friends can even give each other short-term power-ups.
The two other additions are aimed at improving a Pokémon's stats and its relationship with the trainer through minigames. Pokémon Super Training lets the critters spar against giant balloons in an activity that resembles the flights in "Kid Icarus: Uprising."
Meanwhile, Pokémon-Amie is essentially like "Nintendogs," but players care for pocket monsters instead of canines. The minigame has a big effect because it influences a Pokémon's performance in battles.
Though there are plenty of changes to digest, they're not overwhelming. The games strike the right balance between giving players new features to play with while not inundating them with bells and whistles.
* * *
Platform: Nintendo 3DS
Rating: Everyone


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Pallasart is the top web design company in Austin, Texas - competitively priced web development, powerful websites and ecommerce solutions.
One of the great mysteries of history is the fate of Anastasia, the last of four daughters born to the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra. The great tragedy of her younger brother, Aleksey, who suffered from hemophilia overshadowed the life of Anastasia's family, while the dark clouds of Revolution grew ever ominous on the horizon. Who was Anastasia and how did she live, what were the things she loved? What is the truth about the woman who claimed to be Anastasia years after she disappeared?
Start your journey to discover the real Anastasia by learning about her parents.


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Heading back to school means one thing when you are on a restricted diet: stock up on all your favorites which you can't find at school. This break I didn't do much shopping or searching for new products, instead I ate less process foods and stayed away from sandwiches. This resulted in me feeling much better.
Though I have limited the amount of carbs I have been eating it is still important for me to get carbs into my diet since I workout a lot. One of my favorite carbs to eat are muffins. This was the one food I really missed baking and eating when I first went gluten-free. However, once I was able to find a gluten-free flour blend, I was able to make my favorite banana and zucchini muffins gluten and dairy free! I even made this cinnamon swirl banana bread into muffins, which was to die for!!
Before heading up to school I bake a few items and freeze them. This way they can be readily available. Muffins are always a must! All good things run out though, and being a busy grad student results in me not having enough time to bake muffins, which are great on the go. I have found the perfect solution to this problem: Rachel Lu muffins!!
When my parents went to the Suffolk County Celiac Fair this past year they discovered Rachel Lu muffins. They enjoyed them so much that they bought me two to try. I loved them, and was happy to find them in my local Uncle Giuseppe's this break. I bought the blueberry muffins and banana walnut muffins. Boy, were they delicious! The banana walnut muffins are my favorite, especially since they remind me so much of my mom's banana walnut muffins.
In addition to their blueberry and banana nut muffins, Rachel Lu also makes a wide variety of muffin flavors, including chocolate chip, and walnut chip. They will soon be releasing corn and brownie muffins; which I look forward to seeing in stores. Additionally, Rachel Lu makes gluten-free cookies.
Rachel Lu was started by a mom who has two children who have Celiac (Rachel & Luke – inspired product name), and is also a nutritionist. I love these muffins because they are the first gluten-free muffins on the market that truly taste homemade, plus they are full of nutritious ingredients are a good source of fiber, contain 350mg of Omega 3, contain no artificial flavors, and are dairy and soy free!
I always am excited to buy this product because it makes me feel good I am supporting a local company; they are based on Long Island, and I know I am in for a tasty treat which always leaves me feeling good.
To learn more about this new company visit their website or find them on facebook and twitter!
Author Information: Candice Rose Clifford
After being diagnosed with non-celiac gluten sensitivity Candice started Embrace G-free. On this honest account you will find posts which empower you to live your happiest and healthiest gluten free life, in addition to reci
pes, product reviews, and resources.
Find Me on Twitter: CandiceRose90


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Cuddyer extends hitting streak to 22 games
BOSTON -- Michael Cuddyer extended his Major League-best hitting streak to 22 games as the Rockies played the Red Sox at Fenway Park on Tuesday night.
Cuddyer took a full hack that barely made contact with a pitch from Red Sox starter Ryan Dempster in the fourth inning. The ball slowly rolled down the third-base line. Even Jose Iglesias, considered one of the better defensive players in the game, couldn't get to this one.
Cuddyer's swinging bunt tied him with Vinny Castilla for the second-longest hitting streak in Rockies history. The longest was 23 games, executed by current Rockies hitting coach Dante Bichette in 1995.
Cuddyer has also reached base safely in 41 straight games, longest in the Majors this season and the longest in Rockies history for a single season.


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883416363798Regular price $8.49 Save Liquid error (product-template line 127): -Infinity%
With a huge range of clear stamps and a clear stamper for positioning, you could say we have all your stamping needs covered.
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Aromatic & made with premium blends, Tilley handmade soaps will leave the skin feeling enriched and moisturised.
Fun & on-trend socks destined to match your style and personality.


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This is a brand new Gregorys Manual & Covers the Suzuki Vitara from 1988-2000 with MPN GAP05531
This Manual Normally Sells for $70.95 Plus $13.40 Postage, but is being offered to you at $65.95 with Free Postage
This manual is listed as new and has the protective cover for the book unopened or damaged & has an MPN of GAP05531
The book is the original condition that you would normally buy from the publisher or any book shop
Models Covered Include: Wagon
Engines Covered Include Petrol 4 Cylinder: 1.0L (F10A), 1.3L (G13B) & 1.6L (G16A)
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|Unit Of Measure
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