text:
|A black morel in Poland
|Scientific classification
Dill. ex Pers. (1794)
|Type species
|Morchella esculenta
(L.) Pers. (1801)
~50 worldwide (see text)
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
|129 kJ (31 kcal)
5.1 g
|0.6 g
|Dietary fiber
|2.8 g
0.57 g
3.12 g
|Thiamine (B1)
(6%)0.069 mg
|Riboflavin (B2)
(17%)0.205 mg
|Niacin (B3)
(15%)2.252 mg
|Pantothenic acid (B5)
(9%)0.44 mg
|Vitamin B6
(10%)0.136 mg
|Folate (B9)
(2%)9 μg
|Vitamin D
(34%)5.1 μg
(4%)43 mg
(94%)12.18 mg
(5%)19 mg
(28%)0.587 mg
(28%)194 mg
(9%)411 mg
(21%)2.03 mg
|Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Morchella, the true morels, is a genus of edible mushrooms closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi. These distinctive fungi appear honeycomb-like, with their cap composed of a network of ridges with pits. Morels are sought by thousands of enthusiasts every spring for their supreme taste and the joy of the hunt, and are highly prized by gourmet cooks, particularly in French cuisine.
Morels have been called by many local names; some of the more colorful include dryland fish, because when sliced lengthwise then breaded and fried, their outline resembles the shape of a fish; hickory chickens, as they are known in many parts of Kentucky; and merkels or miracles, based on a story of how a mountain family was saved from starvation by eating morels. In parts of West Virginia, they are known as molly moochers or muggins. Due to the partial structural and textural similarity to some species of the Porifera sponges, a common name for any true morel is sponge mushroom.
The scientific name of the genus Morchella is derived from morchel, an old German word for mushroom, while morel itself is derived from the Latin maurus meaning brown.
- 1 Classification
- 2 Habitat and ecology
- 3 False morels
- 4 Gastronomical value
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
The fruit bodies of Morchella are highly polymorphic, varying in shape, color and size, while in many cases, they do not exhibit clear-cut dichotomous features microscopically; this has contributed to uncertainties regarding taxonomy.[2] Discriminating between the various species is further complicated by uncertainty regarding which species are truly biologically distinct. Some authors have suggested that the genus only contains as few as 3 to 6 species,[3][4][5] while others recognise up to 50.[6][7][8] Mushroom hunters mostly refer to them by their color (e.g., gray, yellow, black) as the species are very similar in appearance and can vary considerably within species and age of individual. The genus is currently undergoing extensive reevaluation with regards to the taxonomical status of many species.
Early phylogenetic analyses supported the hypothesis that the genus comprises only a few species with considerable phenotypic variation.[9][10] More recent DNA work, however, has revealed more than a dozen genealogically distinct species in North America and more from Europe.[11] An extensive DNA study revealed three discrete clades, or genetic groups, consisting of the white morels (Morchella rufobrunnea, Morchella anatolica), the yellow morels (M. esculenta and others), and the black morels (M. elata and others). Within the yellow and black clades, there are dozens of individual species, most endemic to individual continents or regions.[12] This species-rich view is supported by studies in Western Europe,[13] Turkey,[14] Israel,[15] and the Himalayas.[16]
Morchella tomentosa, a fire-associated species described from western North America, commonly known as the "gray morel", may also deserve its own clade based on DNA evidence. M. tomentosa is easily identified by its post-fire occurrence, fine hairs on the surface of young fruiting bodies, and unique sclerotia-like underground parts.[17][18][19]
A number of species have been described in the past, many of which have been recently redefined, while others have been shown to be synonyms or illegitimate. A study by Clowez and colleagues, described over 20 new species in 2012.[20] In the same year, another study by Kuo et al. described 19 phylogenetic species from North America,[21] while molecular phylogenetics currently suggest there are more than 60 species of Morchella worldwide.[22] A further revision of the taxonomy of the genus provided by Richard et al. in 2014, applied names to 30 of the genealogical lineages recognized so far.[23] Also in 2014, Clowez et al. described Morchella fluvialis from riparian forests in Spain.[24] In 2015, Loizides et al. clarified the taxonomy of Morchella tridentina, a cosmopolitan species described under many names, and recombined Morchella kakiicolor as a distinct species.[25]
Section Rufobrunnea
Section Morchella
- Morchella americana
- Morchella castaneae
- synonym: Morchella brunneorosea
- Morchella diminutiva
- Morchella esculenta
- synonyms: Morchella pseudoumbrina, Morchella pseudoviridis
- Morchella fluvialis
- Morchella galilaea
- Morchella prava
- Morchella sceptriformis
- synonym: Morchella virginiana
- Morchella steppicola
- Morchella ulmaria
- synonym: Morchella cryptica
- Morchella vulgaris
Section Distantes
- Morchella angusticeps
- Morchella australiana[26]
- Morchella brunnea
- Morchella deliciosa
- synonym: Morchella conica
- Morchella dunallii
- synonyms: Morchella fallax, Morchella rielana
- Morchella elata
- Morchella eximia
- Morchella exuberans
- synonym: Morchella capitata
- Morchella importuna
- synonyms: Morchella elata, Morchella vaporaria
- Morchella kakiicolor
- Morchella populiphila
- Morchella pulchella
- Morchella punctipes
- Morchella purpurascens
- Morchella semilibera
- synonym: Morchella gigas
- Morchella septentrionalis
- Morchella sextelata
- Morchella snyderi
- Morchella tomentosa
- Morchella tridentina
Uncertain classification
- Morchella anteridiformis
- Morchella apicata
- Morchella bicostata
- Morchella conicopapyracea
- Morchella costata
- Morchella crassipes
- Morchella deqinensis
- Morchella eximioides
- Morchella guatemalensis
- Morchella herediana
- Morchella hetieri
- Morchella hortensis
- Morchella hotsonii
- Morchella hungarica
- Morchella intermedia
- Morchella meiliensis
- Morchella miyabeana
- Morchella neuwirthii
- Morchella norvegiensis
- Morchella patagonica
- Morchella patula
- Morchella pragensis
- Morchella procera
- Morchella pseudovulgaris
- Morchella rigida
- Morchella rigidoides
- Morchella smithiana
- Morchella sulcata
- Morchella tasmanica
- Morchella tatari
- Morchella tibetica
- Morchella umbrinovelutipes
- Morchella varisiensis
Habitat and ecology
The ecology of Morchella species is not fully understood. Many species appear to form symbiotic or endophytic relationships with trees,[27][28][29][30] while others appear to act as saprotrophs.[17][31] Yellow morels (Morchella esculenta and related species) are more commonly found under deciduous trees rather than conifers, while black morels (Morchella elata and related species) are mostly found in coniferous forests, disturbed ground and recently burned areas.[32][33] Morchella galilaea,[34] and occasionally Morchella rufobrunnea,[35] appear to fruit in the autumn or winter months rather than spring, which is the typical fruiting season for morels.
The reported host trees of Morchella species vary greatly depending on the continent or region. In western North America morels are often found in coniferous forests, including species of Pinus, Abies, Larix, and Pseudotsuga, as well as in cottonwood riparian forests.[36] Deciduous trees commonly associated with morels in the northern hemisphere include ash, sycamore, tulip tree, dead and dying elms, cottonwoods and old apple trees (remnants of orchards). The fruiting of yellow morels in Missouri, USA, was found to correlate with warm weather, precipitation, and tree species, and most usually in the springtime. In the UK, they appear during May and June. Morels are rarely found in the vicinity of most common poisonous mushrooms such as the sulphur tuft and fly agaric (April–May time frame),[37] but can occur alongside "false morels" (Gyromitra spp.) and "elfin saddles" (Verpa spp.)
Black morels are known to be consumed by grizzly bears (species Ursus arctos horribilis) in Yellowstone National Park.[38]
Association with wildfire
Certain Morchella species exhibit a pyrophilic behaviour and may grow abundantly in forests which have been recently burned by a forest fire.[39] The mechanism for this behavior is not well known,[17] but appears to be related to both the death of trees and the removal of organic material on the forest floor.[40] Moderate-intensity fires are reported to produce higher abundances of morels than low or high intensities.[19] Where fire suppression is practiced, morels often grow in small amounts in the same spot year after year. If these areas are overrun by wildfire they often produce a bumper crop of black morels the following spring. Commercial pickers and buyers in North America target recently burned areas for this reason. The Finnish name, huhtasieni, refers to huhta, area cleared for agriculture by the slash and burn method. These spots may be closely guarded by mushroom pickers, as the mushrooms are a delicacy and sometimes a cash crop.[36]
Efforts to grow morels are rarely successful and the commercial morel industry is based on harvest of wild mushrooms.[36]
False morels
When gathering morels, care must be taken to distinguish them from the poisonous false morels, including Gyromitra esculenta, Verpa bohemica, and others. Although the false morels are sometimes eaten without ill effect, for some people, they can cause severe gastrointestinal upset and loss of muscular coordination (including cardiac muscle) if eaten in large quantities or over several days in a row. They contain a gyromitrin-like toxin (an organic, carcinogenic poison) that is produced by the mushroom.
The key differentiating features of false morels in comparison to morels include:[41]
- The false morels can be told apart from the true morels by careful study of the cap, which is often "wrinkled" or "brainy", rather than honeycomb or net-like. Gyromitra esculenta has a cap that is generally darker and larger than the true morels (Morchella sp.).
- The caps of early morels (Verpa sp.) are attached only at the apex (top) of the cap, unlike true morels which have caps that are attached at or near the bottom. The easiest way to tell the false from the true variety, is to simply look inside the stem.
- False morels contain a cotton-ball looking substance inside their stem while true morels are hollow inside.
- The caps of the false morel can be easily twisted in comparison to the normal morel.
- False morels are often a brown, reddish color.
Gastronomical value
Morels are a feature of many cuisines, including Provençal.[42] Their unique flavor is prized by cooks worldwide, with recipes and preparation methods designed to highlight and preserve it. As with most edible fungi, they are best when collected or bought fresh. One of the best and simplest ways to enjoy morels is by gently sauteeing them in butter, cracking pepper on top and sprinkling with salt. They are great additions to meat dishes or soups. However, as morels are known to contain thermolabile toxins, they must always be cooked before eating.
Morels are not improved by extensive washing or soaking, as it may ruin the delicate flavor and require long cooking times. Due to their natural porosity, morels may contain trace amounts of soil which cannot be washed out. They can best be 'flash frozen' by simply running under cold water or putting them in a bucket to soak for a few minutes, then placing on a cookie sheet or pizza pan and placing into a freezer. After freezing they keep very fresh with the frozen glaze for a long time in airtight plastic containers. However, when thawed they can sometimes turn slightly mushy in the cap, so they are best frozen after steaming or frying.[43] Any visible soil should be removed with a brush, after cutting the body in half lengthwise if needed.
Drying is a popular and effective method of long-term storage for morels, and they are readily available commercially in this form; dried morels can be reconstituted by soaking in warm water or milk. Any insect larvae which might be present in the fruit bodies drops out during the drying process.[44]
Morels contain small amounts of hydrazine[45] toxins that are removed by thorough cooking; morel mushrooms should never be eaten raw.[46] It has been reported that even cooked morels can sometimes cause mild symptoms of upset stomach when consumed with alcohol.[47]
When eating this mushroom for the first time it is wise to consume a small amount to minimize any allergic reaction. As with all fungi, morels for consumption must be clean and free of decay. Morels growing in old apple orchards that had been treated with the insecticide lead arsenate may accumulate levels of toxic lead and arsenic that are unsuitable for human consumption.[48]
See also
- ↑ "Morchella Dill. ex Pers". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-12-11.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Segula Masaphy, Limor Zabari, Doron Goldberg, and Gurinaz Jander-Shagug (Spring 2010). "The Complexity of Morchella Systematics: A Case of the Yellow Morel from Israel" (PDF). Fungi Magazine. 3 (2): 14–18.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Overholts, L.O. (1934). "The morels of Pennsylvania". Proc. Penn. Acad. Sci. 8: 108–114.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Weber, N.S. (1988). In A Morel Hunter's Companion, pp. 111-67. Two Peninsula Press: Lansing.
- ↑ Dennis RWG (1978) Bristish Ascomycètes. Ed. Cramer, Vaduz, 585 p.
- ↑ Korf, R.P. (1973). Discomycetes and Tuberales. In The Fungi (G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow, and A.S. Sussman, Eds.), Vol. IVA, pp.249-318. Academic Press: New York.
- ↑ Kimbrough, J.W. (1970). "Current trends in the classification of discomycetes". Bot. Rev. 36: 91–161. doi:10.1007/bf02858958.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jacquetant E (1984) Les Morilles, Paris, La Bibliothèque des Arts. 114p.
- ↑ Bunyard, B.A.; Nicholson, M.S.; Royse, D.J. (1994). "A systematic assessment of Morchella using RFLP analysis of the 28S ribosomal gene". Mycologia. 86: 762–72. doi:10.2307/3760589.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bunyard B.A., Nicholson M.S., Royse D.J. (1995). Phylogenetic resolution of Morchella, Verpa, andDisciotis (Pezizales: Morchellaceae) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Experimental Mycology 19(3):223-33.
- ↑ Kuo, M. (March 2006). "Morel Data Collection Project: Preliminary results". Retrieved 2009-05-26.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ O'Donnell K, Rooney AP, Mills GL, Kuo M, Weber NS, Rehner SA (Mar 2011). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels (Morchella) reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic". Fungal Genetics and Biology. 48 (3): 252–265. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.006. PMID 20888422.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Harald Kellner, Carsten Renker, and François Buscot (2005). "Species diversity within the Morchella esculenta group (Ascomycota: Morchellaceae) in Germany and France" (PDF). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 5 (2): 101–107. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2004.07.001.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hatıra Taşkına, Saadet Büyükalacaa, Hasan Hüseyin Doğanb, Stephen A. Rehnerc and Kerry O'Donnell (Aug 2010). "A multigene molecular phylogenetic assessment of true morels (Morchella) in Turkey". Fungal Genetics and Biology. 47 (8): 672–682. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.05.004. PMID 20580850.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ S. Masaphy, L. Zabari and D. Goldberg (2009). "New long-season ecotype of Morchella rufobrunnea from northern Israel" (PDF). Micologia Aplicada International. 21 (2): 45–55.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kanwal HK, Acharya K, Ramesh G, Reddy MS (Dec 25, 2010). "Molecular Characterization of Morchella Species from the Western Himalayan Region of India". Current Microbiology. 62 (4): 1245–1252. doi:10.1007/s00284-010-9849-1. PMID 21188589.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Franck O.P. Stefani, Serge Sokolski, Trish L. Wurtz, Yves Piché, Richard C. Hamelin, J. André Fortin, and Jean A. Bérubé (2010). "Morchella tomentosa: a unique belowground structure and a new clade of morels" (PDF). Mycologia. 102 (5): 1082–1088. doi:10.3852/09-294. PMID 20943507.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Michael Kuo (July–Sept 2008). "Morchella tomentosa, a new species from western North America, and notes on M. rufobrunnea" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 105: 441–446. Check date values in:
|date=(help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 McFarlane, Erika M.; Pilz, David; Weber, Nancy S. (May 2005). "High-elevation gray morels and other Morchella species harvested as non-timber forest products in Idaho and Montana" (PDF). Mycologist. 19 (2): 62–68. doi:10.1017/S0269915X0500203X.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Clowez P. (2012). "Les morilles. Une nouvelle approche mondiale du genre Morchella". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 126 (3–4): 199–376.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kuo M, Dewsbury DR, O'Donnell K, Carter MC, Rehner SA, Moore JD, Moncalvo J-M, Canfield SA, Stephenson SL, Methven AS, Volk TJ. (11 April 2012). "Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States". Mycologia. 104 (5): 1159–77. doi:10.3852/11-375. PMID 22495449.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Du, X.-H., Zhao, Q., O'Donnell, K., Rooney, A. P. and Yang, Z. L. (2012). "Multigene molecular phylogenetics reveals true morels (Morchella) are especially species-rich in China". Fungal Genetics and Biology. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2012.03.006.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Richard, Franck; Bellanger, Jean-Michel; Clowez, Philippe; Courtecuisse, Regis; Hansen, Karen; O'Donnell, Kerry; Sauve, Mathieu; Urban, Alexander; Moreau, Pierre-Arthur (30 December 2014). "True morels (Morchella, Pezizales) of Europe and North America: evolutionary relationships inferred from multilocus data and a unified taxonomy". Mycologia (Preliminary version published online). doi:10.3852/14-166. PMID 25550303. 14-166.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Clowez P, Alvarado P, Becerra M, Bilbao T, Moreau P-A (2014). Morchella fluvialis sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Pezizales): a new but widespread morel in Spain. Bol Soc Micol Madr 38(2):251–260
- ↑ Loizides M, Alvarado P, Clowez P, Moreau P-A, de la Osa LR, Palazón A. (2015). "Morchella tridentina, M. rufobrunnea, and M. kakiicolor: a study of three poorly known Mediterranean morels, with nomenclatural updates in section Distantes". Mycological Progress 14 (3): 1030. doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1030-6.
- ↑ Elliott TF, Bougher NL, O'Donnell K, Trappe JM. (2014). "Morchella australiana sp. nov., an apparent Australian endemic from New South Wales and Victoria". Mycologia. 106 (1): 113–8. doi:10.3852/13-065.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Buscot F, Roux J (1987) Association between living roots and ascocarps of Morchella rotunda. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89(2): 249–252.
- ↑ Buscot F (1992) Mycorrhizal succession and morel biology. In: Read, D.J.; Lewis, D.H.; Fitter, A.H.; Alexander, I.J., eds. Mycorrhizas in ecosystipes. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International: 220–224.
- ↑ Dahlstrom JL, Smith JE, Weber NS (2000) Mycorrhiza-like interaction by Morchella with species of the Pinaceae in pure culture synthesis. Mycorrhiza 9 (5):279–285
- ↑ Tedersoo L, May TW, Smith ME (2010) Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages. Mycorrhiza 20(4):217–263
- ↑ J. L. Dahlstrom, J. E. Smith and N. S. Weber (2000). "Mycorrhiza-like interaction by Morchella with species of the Pinaceae in pure culture synthesis". Mycorrhiza. 9 (5): 279–285. doi:10.1007/PL00009992.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lincoff, Gary H., The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms (1981) p 326.
- ↑ Du X-H, Zhao Q, Yang ZL (2015) A review on research advances, issues, and perspectives of morels. Mycology: 9 March 2015.
- ↑ Taşkın H, Doğan HH, Büyükalaca S. (2015). "Morchella galilaea, an autumn species from Turkey". Mycotaxon. 130: 215–221. doi:10.5248/130.215.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Masaphy S, Zabari L, Goldberg D. (2009). "New long-season ecotype of Morchella rufobrunnea from northern Israel" (PDF). Micologia Aplicada International 21 (2): 45–55. ISSN 1534-2581.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Pilz, D.; R. McLain; S. Alexander; L. Villarreal-Ruiz; S. Berch; T.L. Wurtz; C.G. Parks; E. McFarlane; B. Baker; R. Molina; J.E. Smith (March 2007). Ecology and management of morels harvested from the forests of western North America. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-710. Portland, OR: U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jeanne D. Mihail, Johann N. Bruhn, and Pierluigi Bonello (March 2007). "Spatial and temporal patterns of morel fruiting". Mycological Research. 111 (3): 339–346. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.007.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mattson, D. J.; Podruzny, S. R.; Haroldson, M. A. (2002). "Consumption of fungal sporocarps by Yellowstone grizzly bears". Ursus. 13: 95–103. JSTOR 3873191.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Wurtz, Tricia L. (2005). Harvesting morels after wildfire in Alaska. Research Note RN-PNW-546. Portland, OR: U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ David F. Greene, Michael Hesketh, and Edith Pounden (2010). "Emergence of morel (Morchella) and pixie cup (Geopyxis carbonaria) ascocarps in response to the intensity of forest floor combustion during a wildfire". Mycologia. 102 (4): 766–773. doi:10.3852/08-096. PMID 20648745.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kuo M. (2007). 100 Edible Mushrooms. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. pp. 55–58. ISBN 0-472-03126-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Olney, Richard (1995). A Provencal Table. London: Pavilion. pp. 31–32. ISBN 1-85793-632-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Quamut.com, Morel Mushrooms
- ↑ Wild About Mushrooms: Morels. Mssf.org. Retrieved on 2012-04-17.
- ↑ Paul Stamets Mycelium Running pg 271. (2005)
- ↑ Ian R. Hall, Peter K. Buchanan (2003). Edible and poisonous mushrooms of the world. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-586-1
- ↑ J. Walton Groves. Poisoning by Morels When Taken with Alcohol. Mycologia, Vol. 56, No. 5 (Sep. - October, 1964), pp. 779-780
- ↑ Shavit, Elinoar; Shavit, Efrat (Spring 2010). "Lead and Arsenic in Morchella esculenta Fruitbodies Collected in Lead Arsenate Contaminated Apple Orchards in the Northeastern United States: A Preliminary Study" (PDF). Fungi Magazine. 3 (2): 11–18.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Script error: The function "getCommonsLink" does not exist.|Script error: The function "getCommonsLink" does not exist.]].
- Morchella in Index Fungorum
- MushroomExpert.com's Morel section
- A Beginner's Guide to Hunting Morel Mushrooms, from Field and Stream


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Thermal electric solar power conversion panel development
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The world has been experiencing energy-related problems following pressuring energy demands which go along with the global economy growth. These problems can be phrased in three paradoxical statements: Firstly, in spite ...

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Last of Seven Defendants Sentenced in AmeriFirst Securities Fraud Case
Fraud Scheme Involving More Than 500 Victims, Including Mostly Retired Investors, and More Than $50 Million
|U.S. Attorney's Office July 27, 2012
DALLAS—The final sentencing was held today in the massive AmeriFirst securities fraud case, prosecuted in the Northern District of Texas, that has resulted in a total of seven felony convictions and prison sentences up to 25 years, announced U.S. Attorney Sarah R. Saldaña of the Northern District of Texas. Today, John Porter Priest was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Barbara M. G. Lynn to one year in federal prison.
Priest, 43, of Ocala, Florida, was sentenced by Judge Lynn to one year in federal prison and ordered to pay $4,742,946 in restitution. He pleaded guilty in September 2010 to one count of securities fraud based on his role in the Secured Capital Trust scheme.
"The AmeriFirst investment fraud came to light just over five years ago. Since that time, a coalition of public agencies, including the FBI, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Office of Inspector General, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Texas State Securities Board, and the Florida Office of Financial Regulation, have worked tirelessly, alongside court-appointed receivers in Florida and Texas, to bring the perpetrators of the fraud to justice," said U.S. Attorney Saldaña. "The sentencings this week close a five-year chapter in the authorities' work on this matter. All seven of the most culpable participants in the AmeriFirst scheme have been convicted of felonies and sentenced. We have pursued this matter for the last five years because investment fraud, particularly when it victimizes seniors as the AmeriFirst fraud did, is intolerable and must be redressed."
Dennis Woods Bowden, 59, of Farmers Branch, Texas, was sentenced last Friday by Judge Lynn to serve 192 months in federal prison and ordered to pay more than $23 million in restitution. Bowden was the owner and chief operating officer of the now-defunct Dallas-based AmeriFirst Funding Corp. and AmeriFirst Acceptance Corp. Bowden was also a manager and owner of American Eagle Acceptance Corp., a Dallas-based company that bought and sold used automobiles, financed purchases of used automobiles, and bought and serviced used car notes. In December 2011, a jury convicted Bowden on four counts of securities fraud and five counts of mail fraud related to his role in a scheme to defraud investors in connection with the sale of securities. AmeriFirst has been under control of a court-appointed receiver since the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) brought an emergency action to halt the fraud in July 2007.
In connection with the same scheme, in 2010 a jury convicted Jeffrey Charles Bruteyn, 42, of Dallas, on nine counts of securities fraud. Bruteyn is currently serving a 25-year federal prison sentence. Bruteyn is the former managing director of AmeriFirst. On June 29, 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed Bruteyn's conviction and sentence.
According to evidence presented at the trials, Bowden and Bruteyn orchestrated offerings of promissory notes called secured debt obligations (SDOs) that raised more than $50 million from more than 500 investors living in Texas and Florida, many of whom were retired and all of whom were looking for safe and secure investments.
Bowden paid Bruteyn and brokers working under Bruteyn's direction to sell the securities, but Bowden also signed documents that went directly to investors. Through the brokers and through documents that he signed, Bowden misled, deceived, and defrauded investors by misrepresenting, and by failing to disclose, material facts concerning the safety of the securities. Among other things, Bowden falsely represented to investors that their investments were guaranteed by a commercial bank, that the investors' principal was secured by an interest in certain types of collateral, that insurance purchased by AmeriFirst companies insured the investors against loss of their money, and that the issuers of the SDOs were acting as the investors' fiduciaries. In fact, none of these representations was true. Bowden, supposedly acting as the investors' fiduciary, spent investors' money on things investors did not approve or even know about, including an airplane, sports cars, a condominium, real estate for used car lots, and his own personal living expenses.
Another defendant convicted in the scheme, Vincent John Bazemore Jr., 37, of Denton, Texas, a broker who sold SDOs, pleaded guilty in October 2007 and is currently serving a 60-month federal prison sentence. Bazemore was also ordered to pay nearly $16 million in restitution.
Gerald Kingston, 47, of Dallas, pleaded guilty in December 2007 to one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud, stemming from his role in helping Bruteyn manipulate the stock price of Interfinancial Holdings Corporation (IFCH). Acting at the direction of Bruteyn, Kingston bought and sold hundreds of thousands of shares of IFCH and affected matched trades to create the false impression of widespread interest in the stock. Kingston admitted that he derived more than $1.6 million in proceeds from his fraudulent sales of IFCH in the course of the conspiracy. Judge Lynn sentenced him in January 2012 to a two-year term of probation and fined him $50,000.
Eric Hall, 40, of Fort Myers, Florida, pleaded guilty in June 2008 to one count of securities fraud, based on his role in a scheme to defraud investors in an entity called Secured Capital Trust. He was sentenced by Judge Lynn in April 2012 to a two-year term of probation and ordered to pay approximately $4,742,946 in restitution.
Fred Howard, 64, of Tarpon Springs, Florida, was sentenced by Judge Lynn two weeks ago to five years in federal prison and ordered to pay approximately $4,742,946 in restitution. He pleaded guilty in February 2012 to one count of securities fraud for his role in the Secured Capital Trust scheme.
Today's announcement is part of efforts underway by President Obama's Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force (FFETF) which was created in November 2009 to wage an aggressive, coordinated, and proactive effort to investigate and prosecute financial crimes. With more than 20 federal agencies, 94 U.S. attorneys' offices, and state and local partners, it is the broadest coalition of law enforcement, investigatory, and regulatory agencies ever assembled to combat fraud. Since its formation, the task force has made great strides in facilitating increased investigation and prosecution of financial crimes; enhancing coordination and cooperation among federal, state, and local authorities; addressing discrimination in the lending and financial markets; and conducting outreach to the public, victims, financial institutions and other organizations. Over the past three fiscal years, the Justice Department has filed more than 10,000 financial fraud cases against nearly 15,000 defendants, including more than 2,700 mortgage fraud defendants. For more information on the task force, visit www.stopfraud.gov.
Assistant U.S. Attorneys Alan Buie and Christopher Stokes and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney Stephanie Tourk were in charge of the prosecutions.


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Yeah, I work right up by the mall, and there's a Walden's/Borders in the mall, so if I leave home early enough, I will stop by there before work. If not, I'm running around everywhere after work again. hahaswitzgal wrote:I'm going to Walgreens today and look. It might be better to go to a Borders where they have a bunch of magazines.mgrassel06 wrote:At Walgreens, I just saw the November one with Amy Adams. After that when I went to Target and B&N, I wasn't looking at Vanity Fair, but just getting grumpier and grumpier by not finding the EW Rob issue with each stop I made...switzgal wrote:Did you see the Vanity Fair issue yet? The video said it's the December issue but it's at the stands this week.
Do you know when the EMPIRE magazine will come out. All these pictures of the cast!!!
I wish they'd do Jay Leno, Conan, Jimmy Kimbel interviews too!!!
And, no, I dunno when the EMPIRE magazine is coming up. I'm gonna have to look that up.
FYI EVERYONE: And PT2 of Rob's interview is up on EW's site now!!!
And he smooshes his face a lot with his fingers. hehe


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For Conspicuous Gallantry… Winners of the Military Cross and Bar During the Great War.
In February 2006 I published the first volume of what I hope will turn out to be the definitive reference work on the awards of the Military Cross during the Great War. The Book is entitled "For Conspicuous Gallantry…" after the first couple of words that start the majority of MC Citations, and it covers the winners of the MC and 2 Bars, and winners of the MC and 3 Bars.
Each winner has at least a page dedicated to them, I have put together a bullet-pointed career overview for each officer, as well as information on complete WW1 medal entitlement. Citations for all Bars are also included. Where possible, I have included Battalion War Diary extracts to embellish what often are very brief descriptions in Citations.
I wanted this to be more than just a list of winners. I wanted to bring the people behind the medal to life as much as I could, and I like to think this work offers a unique insight into the military careers of some very very bave men, who up until now, have been largely overlooked.
Here is an example of the kind of thing that is included in the book:
James Arthur Gravett
North Lancashire Regiment
Record of Service:
- Appointed to a Commission as a 2nd Lieutenant with the 10th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, on 24/11/1914
- Promoted to Lieutenant on 1/2/1915
- Embarked for France on 30/7/1915 as part of the 37th Division. This Division served with distinction on the Western Front for the remainder of the War, and took part in many significant actions including the attack on the Gommecourt Salient (Somme 1916), the battles of Menin Road, Polygon Wood, and Passchendaele (The Third Battle of Ypres 1917), Havrincourt and Cambrai 1918.
- Promoted to Captain on 30/6/1916
- Mentioned in Dispatches on 26/9/1916
- Invested with the Military Cross on 28/10/1916
- Appointed Temporary Major with the combined service Battalions of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment on 27/3/1917
- Invested with both the First and Second Bars to the Military Cross all together on 28/11/1917
WW1 Medal Entitlement:
1914-15 Star, British War Medal, Victory Medal
Mentioned in Dispatches: 26/9/1916
Military Cross and 2 Bars:
- Military Cross Citation published in Gazette issue 29765 (26th September 1916)
- 1st Bar Citation published in Gazette issue 30135 (15th June 1917)
- 2nd Bar listed (no Citation) in Gazette issue 30308 (25th September 1917)
- 2nd Bar Citation published in Gazette issue 30466 (8th January 1918)
1st Bar Citation – 15th June 1917
Temp. Capt. James Arthur Gravett, M.C., N. Lancs. R.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He displayed the utmost gallantry and determination when leading his company. By his behaviour and coolness he kept his men together, and rendered most valuable at a critical time.
The two and a half lines of this citation do not do justice to the actions that took place near Arras on 11/4/1917 which led to Captain Gravett being awarded his First Bar to the Military Cross. The Battalion War Diary gives excellent details of the actions:
Arras – 11/4/1917
During the night orders were received that the L.N. Lancs. Were to continue the advance and attack at 5a.m. going through East Lancs. and attacking the trenches, having as our objective the "Green Line" and in particular the wood in 0.8 Central.
The Battalion, having previously got into position for such advance, almost immediately came in full view of the enemy and was met with very heavy machine gun and shell fire.
5.30 a.m.
We received orders not to advance until barrage opened. By this time, we had carried by assault, the enemy trench on front (east of sunken road) and were establishing ourselves in shell holes 100 yards further east.
During this assault, we suffered very heavy casualties and were being enfiladed from Monchy le Preux. The right flank, perceiving that they were in the air and appreciating the fact that if it remained as such, there was a likelihood of their being outflanked, boldly determined to risk all and assault a small trench running southwards from CAMBRAI Road in the direction of GUEMAPPE and about 50 yards east of sunken road before mentioned. A tank apparently also appreciating the situation in a like manner, came to their aid.
On obtaining possession of the trench, Corpl Leonard and L/C R. Dunwoodie and six men were all that were left. These eight men boldly bombed along the trench southward killing more than a dozen Bosche, taking 3 prisoners and found themselves in complete possession. To their utmost surprise 7 Bosche officers miraculously appeared, apparently from nowhere. This was not a time to stand on ceremony, whereupon the officers suffered the same fate as their men.
Two machine guns were captured in this gallant assault but as the new garrison were so weak in numbers and fearing that they might be in their turn evicted, they blew them up. These men retained possession of the this trench as did also Capt. Garett, ably assisted by 2nd Lt. Deacon (being the only two officers left) and C.S.M. Webster with 60 men, made themselves masters of the situation of the corresponding trench running northwards from the CAMBRAI Road. Here the garrison remained throughout the day, although there were signs of the enemy massing for a counter attack from the south……
…The commanding officer and adjutant having collected en-route stragglers of all Battalions to the number of about 50, arrived on the scene. By this time and with the assistance of the reinforcements, Capt. Garett was the complete master of the situation. From this time onwards, reinforcements of officers and men from other Battalions kept arriving.
The Commanding Officer sent in a report to the General informing him that the situation had improved considerable and he had made plans for bombing parties to proceed along both sides of the CAMBRAI Road and to attack the enemy trench after nightfall, which was about 300 yards in front of our line as it was not deemed advisable at that moment to advance further, knowing full well that we were well in advance of all troops on our right and left, besides which, in our present position we had command of a good field of fire to our front line and could also enfilade the enemy on our right…
We received orders that we would be relieved at 6.30pm and immediately informed Capt. Garett to hold himself in readiness to be relieved.
This relief was not complete until 1am.
Tilloy Wood – 12/4/191
8am Roll Call
Only a few of the brave fellows left. Our losses estimated at 13 Officers and 286 men. That is 60% of our fighting strength.
National Archives: WO95/2538
2nd Bar Citation – 8th January 1918
T./Capt. James Arthur Gravett, M.C., N. Lancs. R.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. On two nights in succession he made daring personal reconnaissances of a farm which was the objective of a raid, and brought back valuable information. He commanded the raid and was completely successful, afterwards remaining in No Man's Land until all the dead and wounded had been brought in. It was due to his good leadership and indomitable courage that the object of the raid was successfully attained with comparatively slight loss. He set a splendid example to all ranks.
The book costs 20GBP and can be purchased directly from my website www.mcandbar.com alternatively it is listed on Amazon


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Thursday, California Governor Jerry Brown signed two bills into law that keep employers or universities from demanding access passwords to Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, MySpace, and Twitter.
California is the fourth state in the nation to enact such a ban this year and though Congress considered a similar measure, it was defeated. ?The Golden State is pioneering the social media revolution and these laws will protect all Californians from unwarranted invasions of their personal social media accounts,? said Governor Brown. The Governor's Office said that at the college level, many student athletes had become the target of such demands.
Assemblywoman Nora Campos, D-San Jose
The first bill, AB 1844, by Assemblywoman Nora Campos, D-San Jose, prevents employers from discharging or disciplining employees who refuse to divulge such information under the terms of the bill. However, this restriction does not apply to passwords or other information used to access employer-issued electronic devices. The bill says that nothing in its language is intended to infringe on employers' existing rights and obligations to investigate workplace misconduct.
Senator Leland Yee (D-San Francisco)
Senate Bill 1349 by Senator Leland Yee (D-San Francisco) establishes a similar privacy policy for postsecondary education students with respect to their use of social media. While the bill prohibits public and private institutions from requiring students, prospective students, and student groups from disclosing user names, passwords or other information about their use of social media, this bill also says that this prohibition does not affect the institution's right to investigate or punish student misconduct.


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11 of 43
Sautéed Zucchini
A quick zucchini recipe flavored with garlic and red pepper flakes, and topped with Parmesan cheese.
Every summer, a bumper crop of zucchini rolls into farmers' markets. Sautéing is a fast and healthy way to utilize this bountiful summer squash. Serve it next to a grilled rib-eye or turkey meatloaf.... Read More
View Recipe


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This website is dedicated to the needs of the members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association Australia. This site is also a means to spread the message of Ahmadiyyat, the true and peaceful Islam.
|Jalsa Salana Australia 2010 | 2nd - 4th April 2010 at Baitul Huda Mosque Sydney, Australia
|Day 1 - Opening of the Convention
|Day 2 - Second Day
|Day 3 - Last Day
|Convention Information
|Program | Poster


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1) Special rubber plied belts with honeycomb pattern LIFT and GRIP for the transport of individual items where there is a steep incline. The carcass is in 2 plies (resistance 315N/mm) or 3 plies (resistance 400N/mm), the top cover is with a honeycomb pattern and no cover on the bottom.
The honeycomb pattern is suited to handling objects on a steep incline. The conveying surface has deep patterns for the effective moving upwards of loads. 2 types of pattern are offered: LIFT (Round honeycomb) and GRIP (Twill Honeycomb) with different grip gum surface
2) Special belts for Cardboard-industry: CARTON The carcass is made from 3 cotton/polyester plies with rubber interlayer between the plies. The top fabric is lightly coated with a light-coloured elastomer to enable sliding on a slider bed, a proper driving by a bare drum, and no marking on the item transported. This belt is particularly suited for conveying cardboard or PVC packages and for cardboard factory machine conveyor belts of a small width (50 to 200mm). 3) Special belts for the rubber industry: COTTONThe belts are made of 3,4 or 5 cotton plies with no interlayers, with beige or red rubber covers (C=cover) 0,5mm or with no cover (B=bare).They are used for the transport of cured or uncured rubber parts.Range of COTTON:COTTON C+C The rubber covers of this belt are redCOTTON B+B The rubber covers of this belt are beigeCOTTON SIL C+B This belt can also be made with a reddish silicone top cover. It is used in the tyre industry for handling bulk raw elastomer and hot finished products
4) Solid-woven belts with (C=cover) or without PVC cover (B=bare), in tensile strength 250N/mm and 315N/mm, called PACK, used often in the postal services.Range of PACK:PACK C+C = cover on top and bottomPACK C+B = cover on top, bare on bottomPACK B+B = bare on top and bottom
This website works great on Mozilla Firefox. Click on the image bellow to get this free web browser.


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In the process of writing the last post, I was reminded of my political roots. A loss doesn't mean you roll over and except the result. A loss means you pick yourself up and work again for the next fight.
I know I share some of the blame for the loss of the "research intensive" designation. I could have lobbied harder and stayed more on top each phase. I assumed too much.
As I finished my last post, I started new emails to the committee members and outreach to the incoming Writing Center director. This should start laying the groundwork for the next phases.
I'm thankful for my political losses and for those organizers that shaped me. I've even brought the pin I was given after my first loss. Don't mourn - organize. This discussion may not be the focus of Research Quest, but I needed place to voice my thoughts and pick myself back up.
Now back to the general focus of Research Quest, even if it's been almost six months...
image via: www.laborarts.org
Don't Mourn - Organize
In the process of writing the last post, I was reminded of my political roots. A loss doesn't mean you roll over and except the result. A loss means you pick yourself up and work again for the next fight.
7:31 PM | Tags: personal | 5 Comments
Offered up for the political sacrifice
Recently, part of what brought me to my current position was lost. The straight forward path to curriculum integration was offered up as a political sacrifice. My route to formal integration has now become longer and more convoluted. But there is still a path. And since I still have my job, I will continue to work toward the goal of formal curriculum integration of information literacy.
For the past few years of the college's general education revisions, information literacy was on par with writing and communication as skills valued across the new curriculum. This focus was written into the working documents and the structure of the new core programs. Courses were to be designated as "writing" "research" or "communication" intensive courses. Each representing valued skills for students across disciplines to learn. This was good structure that insured the emphasis on information literacy. While many would rightly argue (myself included) that many courses currently offered could be considered "research intensive," the benefit of parity was that information literacy was a formal objective that stood on its own in the curriculum.
When I started back in the summer of 2008 I met with the chair of the committee who was and I believe remains committed to the ideas of information literacy within the curriculum. I spent the spring of 2009 meeting with the committee and working with the Writing Center Director, who sat on the committee, to draft language for the "writing" and "research" intensive designations. Unfortunately, the WC director left in the summer of 2009. In the fall of `09, I again worked with the committee chair to finalize draft language for the "writing" "research" and "communication" intensive designations. This was the draft language that was moving forward in the committee.
During this academic year, the general education changes left the committee and went before the full faculty. As with any general education curriculum changes, everyone has something at stake. What proceeded were faculty meetings spent debating the larger structure of the new curriculum. This debate and suggested changes focused on the organization, naming, and focus of 4 or 5 "pillars." Writing, Research, and Communication were left relative untouched in the formal debates.
That is until recently. In between the discussion at division and full faculty meetings, the committee dropped the "research intensive" designation. When the curriculum structure came back up for discussion in the last faculty meeting, only "writing" and "communication" intensive courses were listed. After talking with the chair of the committee, it is clear that there was a need to trim the curriculum structure. And the "research intensive" designation became one of the first trimmed.
As the debate and concern over the expansion of the curriculum grew, it appears that information literacy was the easiest piece to remove. Without a department to speak up or faculty to vote, the library holds little political influence. With only the library director holding faculty status, we became a convenient sacrificial offering.
It is still my intention to continue advocating for the inclusion of information literacy into the writing and communication intensive courses. Now the lobbying effort and demonstrating the value has become a larger focus.
Below is part of the draft language on how information literacy was planned to be integrated into the curriculum. There was/is more to the document, but this provides a quick outline of what was planned. There were certainly concerns and areas that needed work in the text, but since this text is no under consideration, I would like to share it with others. Or at least preserve it in memoriam:
All students at St. Norbert College must complete a minimum of four research-intensive (designated RI) courses according to these parameters:
* One of these RI courses must be outside of the student's major;
* One of these RI courses must be in the student's major and in the upper biennium;
* Students with double majors must complete an upper-biennium RI course in each major.
* Students may transfer one RI course in the lower biennium, but not both.
* Students may transfer one RI course in the upper biennium, but the second RI course must be in the student's major so that transfer students must complete at least one RI course at SNC within the discipline.
In every Core Program, research-intensive, major, and minor course, students should devote energy to targeted stages of the research process—planning, searching, evaluating, revising, organizing, and documenting. The research products, in various forms, are the natural reflection of the research process.
All RI Core Program courses will have a dimension, which includes research exercises, application of resources outside of course material, and a formal out-of-class research assignment. These research requirements must be described in the course syllabus.
Students at the lower core will be able to:
· Communicate a basic understanding of what information is needed
· Apply a variety of types and formats of sources to locate the information
· Identify gaps in the information and revise the search
· Describe and apply criteria for evaluating the information
· Combines new information with existing knowledge to construct individual analysis
· Communicate findings and conclusions to others through various methods
· Follow institutional policies to acknowledge where the information originated from
Students can meet these skills by:
Research Exercises
Courses should promote the concept of research and focus on the research process as a means to understanding course content. A traditional research based term paper is one of the exercises that meet the RI designation. Other possible research focused exercises include:
· annotated bibliography
· research journal/log
· research paper outline
· literature review
· author tracking review
· identifying major journals
· comparison of internet/database searches
· poster presentation
· oral presentation
· journal/book/article review
· research trend analysis
Application of Resources Outside Course Material
Exams should include at least one essay question that requires students to write a paragraph or more to demonstrate information literacy and critical thinking skills (e.g., incorporating external sources, evaluating ideas, explaining concepts, synthesizing material, arguing a thesis, etc.) Though instructors are urged to incorporate an essay component on every exam, they may modify this component to meet particular exam needs.
9:17 PM | Tags: instruction | 2 Comments


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Education is the most important thing in our lives, this means that every human being is entitled to and expect to always develop in education. Education in general has meaning in the life of a process to develop themselves each individual to live and carry out the work. So it becomes an educated is very important. Education first time we get in the family environment, school environment and the community.
A child who loved to be loved his family, so that the child will feel that the child is needed in the family. For the feel of a family as a source of strength membangunya.Dengan will thus arises a situation of mutual aid, mutual respect, which strongly supports the development anak.Di in families that give a maximum chance of growth and development is the family environment .growing esteem for appreciated, accepted, loved, and respected as a person .That importance of why we become educated in the neighborhood. Orang parents taught us start from childhood to respect others.
While in the school environment into the second education and if parents have enough money then can proceed to a higher level and will proceed to the College later became a well-educated. How important education is. Teachers as media educators provide knowledge in accordance with the capabilities. The teacher's role as an educator is the role of the aid and encouragement, as well as tasks related to disciplining children so that children can have a sense of responsibility for what he did. Teachers also must try to lessons were always enough to attract children.
Besides the role of the society is also important for the students. This means providing an overview of how we live . So when we interact with people, they will judge us, that know where people are educated and uneducated. In an age of Globalization Era hoped the younger generation can develop the knowledge gained so do not be left behind in the times. That is the importance of being a well-educated in the family, school and community.… Read More


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US food stamp list tops 34 million for first time
US food stamp list tops 34 million for first time
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - For the first time, more than 34 million Americans received food stamps, which help poor people buy groceries, government figures said on Thursday, a sign of the longest and one of the deepest recessions since the Great Depression.
Enrollment surged by 2 percent to reach a record 34.4 million people, or one in nine Americans, in May, the latest month for which figures are available.
It was the sixth month in a row that enrollment set a record. Every state recorded a gain in participation from April. Florida had the largest increase at 4.2 percent.
Food stamp enrollment is highest during times of economic stress. The U.S. unemployment rate of 9.5 percent is the highest in 26 years.
Average benefit was $133.65 in May per person. The economic stimulus package enacted earlier this year included a temporary increase in food stamp benefits of $80 a month for a family of four.
Food stamp enrollment
Month Total
May 34.409 million
April 33.758 million
March 33.157 million
February 32.556 million
January 32.205 million
December 2008 31.784 million
November 2008 31.097 million
October 2008 31.050 million
September 2008 31.586 million
Notice the relentless climb in the numbers? Guess what… those numbers are not "seasonally adjusted." There is no "birth/death" model used. It simply is what it is and it is shocking – 11.24% of the entire population.
Please compare and contrast that reality with the bonuses on Wall Street or with the money printing games being played by the Fed, Treasury, and central banks.
In Zimbabwe, they printed easy money too and the people starve as the cost of a loaf of bread becomes unaffordable. They have no food stamps in Zimbabwe, but for a while they had the best performing stock market in the world. For a while.
And I think to myself...


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Good Morning,
I am out of town today. Expect data on Motor Vehicle Sales throughout the day, the Manufacturing ISM and Construction Spending will be released at 10 Eastern.
Please keep the conversation going by joining the Market Thread below, thanks.
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
Morning Update/ Market Thread 3/1
Posted byAmy Jamison at4:30 AM


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Photographer's Note
Sorry for being rather inactive on TE but I have been busy helping out with my small granddaughter while her mother waited for the late delivery of her new daughter (born on the 9th Jan). All doing well.
This picture was taken at a place beside the Mekong River in the Mekong Delta area where a number of small family businesses were producing local foods. There was also a beautiful display of Vietnamese art. Taken somewhere between Cai Be and Vinh Long. The Mekong Delta is not far south of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
timecapturer, tyro, saxo042, cornejo, Romano46, Royaldevon, krzychu30, marabu61, rigoletto, COSTANTINO, Subhogen marcou esta nota como útil
Critiques | Translate
snunney (130967) 2014-01-11 3:57
Hello Ann,
An attractive still life composition. Cleverly framed and with good colours and sharpness.
BennyV (32490) 2014-01-11 4:04
Hi An
A fine return. Vietnam has quite a tradition in painting. When we were there (long time ago already), you could really discover masterworks in the serial copy and paint shops. Glad to see there's a decent painter in Vinh Long too, these days! I hope he sells well!
PS: And - most important - congratulations with your granddaughter. Ah, life...
holmertz (91928) 2014-01-11 4:11
Hello Ann,
I think I like this photo more than the paintings seen in the background. You have used your camera to create a kind of still life painting looking similar to paintings made by artists from their own studios when they have temporariiy run out of ideas :-). You have used the light very well to produce good contrasts and almost a kind of 3D effect.
Very nicely done.
Kind regards,
timecapturer (49288) 2014-01-11 4:13
Hi Ann
a shot that makes art out of art. The colours and mood of this wonderful composition are just so delightful. It all works so appealingly. Well done!
Have a great weekend - B.
Congratulations on the new arrival!
tyro (30513) 2014-01-11 4:42
Hello Ann,
Welcome back! And congratulations on being a granny for the second time! I'm pleased too that mother and daughter are both doing well.
Another fine photograph from your Vietnam/Cambodia trip, one with lots of vibrant colours and lots of interest too. Glad you managed eventually to get it uploaded.
I love the closely cropped composition, the stool with the artist's palette (an old dinner plate) perfectly placed in the frame and with the lines of the cracked floor tiles leading the eye nicely from side to side. Obviously the daylight was streaming in from the left but you have managed the light and contrasts very well here.
Glorious colours and light, perfect exposure and exquisite details and sharpness throughout.
Kind Regards,
P.S. I'm going to send you an email.
saxo042 (38078) 2014-01-11 6:21
Hi Ann,
A fine combination of colours in the paintings and in the "real" items. The little stool is well located in relation to the joints in the ceramic tiles on the floor and to the paintings.
Congratulations to your new grandchild, I saw your picture on FB. They are both very beautiful.
Kind regards
Nicou (193806) 2014-01-11 7:00
quelle scène ce tabouret et la peinture et ces tableaux quel ensemble coloré sueprbe iamge et compo.
Bravo et amitié
mesutilgim (0) 2014-01-11 9:21
Hello Ann,
First of all congratulations to the new worlds citizen ! May she live in a better World than we did.
This capture of the artist's place in Vietnam.
Marks of his art on every sqcm of the frame.
TFS and have a nice weekend
Romano46 (18472) 2014-01-11 10:48
Ciao Ann
colori, nitidezza e composizione colpiscono immediatamente con il loro impatto piacevole.
Una composizione ed un taglio eccellenti che rendono straordinario questo soggetto.
Una foto semplicissima ed eppure molto suggestiva.
Ciao e buon fine settimana
macjake (96147) 2014-01-11 11:51
Hi Ann
do you ever wish you could have a special talent?
For me, I'd love to be able to play the piano like a professional :)
painting at a high level would also be a cool skill to have :)
This is a cool style, like the way the paint is dabbed onto the canvas. fun photo :)
m (0) 2014-01-11 11:54
Hi Ann,
this photo of an artis's working place looks like a painting itself:) Everything blends so nicely here, a very smart composition.
Best wishes!
williewhistler (16606) 2014-01-11 13:27
Hello Ann,
congratulations on the latest arrival,hope every thing continues to go well.
I do like the composition of this colourful shot with the paints and palette nicely placed before the finished paintings.
Kind regards Les.
willperrett (13987) 2014-01-12 1:34
Hello Ann
Interesting little corner of an artist's workshop. Busy and colourful. Well seen.
Kind regards
Royaldevon (73958) 2014-01-12 3:23
Hello Ann,
First, congratulations becoming a second-time granny. The miracle of birth just takes your breath away!
This is such a delightful shot!
It is direct, it is compact, it is beautifully composed and contains all the information we need about style and subjects.
Have a lovely Sunday,
Bev :-)
SnapRJW (31631) 2014-01-12 4:19
Congratulations on the new arrival Ann, my guess is you will be kept busy for a while... enjoy! An attractive little scene, I love the way the reds and yellows pop out of the shot.
Warm regards Rosemary
krzychu30 (15512) 2014-01-12 4:22
Hello Ann,
really excellently composed and framed scene.
It conveys well the special mood of the scene-its tranquility and artistry of the painter.
Well done!
Have a nice sunday
cornejo (61504) 2014-01-12 10:53
Hi Ann, excellent photography of this beautiful and interesting composition, very well captured in this beautiful image with good sharpness, light and color. Excellent and interesting job well done, congratulations my friend. Thanks for sharing this beautiful work.
Good evening and happy start to the week.
Warm greetings from southern Spain.
rbassin (27464) 2014-01-12 11:08
Hello Ann,
un cadrage bien exécuté avec tous les outils de l'artiste peintre.
une belle palette de couleurs et plein de détails à regarder.
Bonne soirée
photoray (13981) 2014-01-12 11:45
Howdy Ann,
Attractive artist paintings on display with paint brushes, stool, etc. combined. I am also very hopeful with time and understanding we will never again invade a country.
Thanks for sharing a special portrait,
PS: I also had to turn back on the Angel's Landing Trail in Zion. I have Vertigo sometimes, especially when the trail is thousands of feet high and the width is narrow. A slip there would be certain death.
marabu61 (11587) 2014-01-12 12:59
Hello Ann
Don't be sorry, family after all comes first and what could be more joyous than a new baby girl in the family.
Very colorful scene here, to me even the makeshift atelier with the old cans and stool look like a painting themselves. Truly a very attractive scene.
have a great time
Silvio1953 (204058) 2014-01-12 13:45
Ciao Anne, lovely composition with beautiful paintings, excellent clarity, splendid light and wonderful colors, very well done my friend, ciao Silvio
Graal (103040) 2014-01-14 6:54
Hello Ann,
congratulations on your new a small granddaughter!.
Interesting view of workshop any unknown Vietnamese artist. Fine colorful image and theme. Well done photo.
Have a nice evening.
rigoletto (34279) 2014-01-14 14:20
hi ann. i can almost smell the mixture of oil, paint and thinner. what a wonderful narrow cadrage you have created in this small painter shop. the light is soft and colors delicate, and your subject made me yearn for visiting a pianting exhibition as soon as possible.
and congratulations for your small granddaughter! she is already one week old :)
what a beautiful colorful scenery
those paintings create a pleasant environment
and offer a tradition in painting
wellcome and many wishes for your return
your usful notes explain everyting
Subhogen (4067) 2014-01-15 3:10
Hello Ann,
That is a marvelous snapshot of an artist's belongings and her/his creations. I like the way how the tool is gradually losing its original colour to catch on the colour of the artist's palette. I like whatever I can see of the paintings as well. Thanks for sharing an excellent capture.
patpatch (1601) 2014-01-15 8:50
Hello Ann,
That's a very coloured picture.I was at Bali last year,and I saw some very interesting Balinese painter, there.Sometimes they were painting in very small studios lost in the middle of a ricefield.
It's always a pleasure to discover that kind of thing during a trip.
I like your point of view with a focus on the painter's equipment,paintbrush and paint.
That gives a real intimist atmosphere of a studio.
Congratulation for your new Granddaughter.
rychem (72179) 2014-01-15 9:28
Beuatiful and interesting shot of a painter, i like these paintings in the background, very well cpmposed photo
ricardomattos (14696) 2014-01-18 10:38
Hi Ann,
Very interesting details and colors of these paintings. Very nice composition!
Kaisa71 (228) 2014-02-03 12:16
Very interesting point of view, I think is this pretty uncommon but fascinating subject. Nice mix of almost all possible colors, good sharpness. The paintings describe nicely the life in Vietnam that I like (I am not into modern art).
I also want to congratulate the brand new grandmother. You told you are retired so enjoy having "luxury" time with the children :-)
Best wishes, Kaisa
kathryn_weir (2056) 2014-04-17 4:15
Dear Ann,
Congratulations on your newest granddaughter. I particularly like this composition. You have very cleverly cropped your shot so as to only partially include the artworks and thus make the stool, pallete, brushes the focus. This could easily be a still life . Very simple yet elegant presentation........the only question remains....did you buy some Vietnamese art to take home?
Photo Information
- Copyright: Ann Jackman (annjackman) (23019)
- Genre: Lugares
- Medium: Cor
- Date Taken: 2012-10-30
- Categories: Arte
- Exposição: f/4, 1/45 segundos
- More Photo Info: view
- Versão da Foto: Versão Original
- Date Submitted: 2014-01-11 3:48


text:
After inviting him in for a workout, the Pittsburgh Steelers have decided to sign Plaxico Burress, according to ESPN's Adam Schefter.
We're happy to see Plaxico back in the league, mostly because it means we don't have to watch him make desperate pleas for employment to just about every team in the league. And now he should have plenty of money to cover that speeding ticket he got.
It will be weird to see Plaxico back in a Steelers uniform, just as it was weird to see Randy Moss drop in on the Vikings for half of a season in 2010. Maybe he'll even wear number 80 again! This really isn't the greatest news for Steelers fans, though. Unless they are excited by the prospect of the team adding "washed-up receiver runs half-hearted fade route" to the playbook.