text:
Frequent Links
Chrome OS
|Written in
|OS family
|Chromium OS (based on Gentoo Linux)
|Working state
|Preinstalled on specific hardware (Chromebooks, Chromeboxes)
|Latest release
|43.0.2357.81 (June 1, 2015[1]) [±]
|Latest preview
44.0.2403.25 (June 2, 2015[2]) [±]
|Update method
|Rolling release
|x86, 32-bit ARM (ARMv7)
|Kernel type
|Monolithic (Linux kernel)[4]
|Default user interface
|Graphical interface based on the Google Chrome browser
|Google Chrome OS Terms of Service[5]
Chrome OS is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed by Google to work with web applications and installed applications. Initially, Chrome OS was almost a pure web thin client operating system,[6][7] with only a handful of "native" applications, but Google gradually began encouraging developers to create "packaged applications", some of which can work offline. In 2014, Google upgraded its Play Store standards for packaged applications, requiring that these applications work offline. Around the same time, Google also announced that Chrome OS would gain the ability to run Android applications natively, by late 2014. In September 2014, App Runtime for Chrome (beta) was launched together with four Android applications being able to run on Chrome OS.
Chrome OS is built upon the open source project called Chromium OS[8] which, unlike Chrome OS, can be compiled from the downloaded source code. Chrome OS is the commercial version installed on specific hardware from Google's manufacturing partners.[9] The launch date for retail hardware featuring Chrome OS was delayed from late 2010[10] to June 15, 2011, when "Chromebooks" from Samsung, and then Acer shipped in July.[11]
- 1 History
- 2 Applications
- 3 Reception
- 4 Design
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Google announced Chrome OS on July 7, 2009,[12] describing it as an operating system in which both applications and user data reside in the cloud. To ascertain marketing requirements, the company relied on informal metrics, including monitoring the usage patterns of some 200 Chrome OS machines used by Google employees. Developers also noted their own usage patterns. Matthew Papakipos, former[13] engineering director for the Chrome OS project, put three machines in his house and found himself logging in for brief sessions: to make a single search query or send a short email.[14]
On November 19, 2009, Google released Chrome OS's source code as the Chromium OS project.[8] As with other open source projects, developers can modify the code from Chromium OS and build their own versions, whereas Chrome OS code is only supported by Google and its partners and only runs on hardware designed for the purpose. Unlike Chromium OS, Chrome OS is automatically updated to the latest version.[15]
At a November 19, 2009 news conference, Sundar Pichai, the Google vice president overseeing Chrome, demonstrated an early version of the operating system. He previewed a desktop which looked very similar to the Chrome browser, and, in addition to the regular browser tabs, also had application tabs, which take less space and can be pinned for easier access. At the conference, the operating system booted up in seven seconds, a time Google said it would work to reduce.[15][16][17][18]
Also on November 19, 2009, Chris Kenyon, vice president of OEM services at Canonical Ltd, announced that Canonical was under contract to contribute engineering resources to the project with the intent to build on existing open source components and tools where feasible.[19]
By February 2010, Google switched its development Linux distribution for Chrome from Ubuntu to Gentoo Linux in order to use that distribution's Portage package management system, which, according to sources at Google, is used with "Google's own take on the vanilla Linux kernel".[20]
Laptops running Chrome OS are known collectively as "chromebooks". The first was the CR-48, a reference hardware design that Google gave to testers and reviewers beginning in December 2010. Retail machines followed in May 2011. A year later, in May 2012, a desktop design marketed as a "chromebox" was released by Samsung.
In early 2014, LG Electronics introduced the first device belonging to the new all-in-one form factor called "chromebase". Chromebase devices are essentially chromebox hardware inside a monitor with built-in camera, microphone and speakers. Acer has since released a chromebase device with a touchscreen.
The latest addition to available hardware form factors came on 31 March 2015, when the Chromebit was released. It is an HDMI dongle running the Chrome OS operating system; when placed in an HDMI slot on a television set or computer monitor, the device turns that display into a personal computer.
Feature updates
In April 2012, Google made the first update to Chrome OS's user interface since the operating system had launched, introducing a hardware-accelerated window manager called "Aura" along with a conventional taskbar. The additions marked a departure from the operating system's original concept of a single browser with tabs and gave Chrome OS the look and feel of a more conventional desktop operating system. "In a way, this almost feels as if Google is admitting defeat here", wrote Frederic Lardinois on TechCrunch. He argued that Google had traded its original version of simplicity for greater functionality. "That's not necessarily a bad thing, though, and may just help Chrome OS gain more mainstream acceptance as new users will surely find it to be a more familiar experience."[21]
Support for running native Android applications on Chrome OS was announced at Google I/O 2014.[25]
Remote application access and virtual desktop access
In June 2010, Google software engineer Gary Kačmarčík wrote that Chrome OS will access remote applications through a technology unofficially called "Chromoting", which would resemble Microsoft's Remote Desktop Connection.[26] The name has since been changed to "Chrome Remote Desktop", and is "probably closer to running an application via Remote Desktop Services or by first connecting to a host machine by using RDP or VNC".[27] Initial roll-outs of Chrome OS laptops (Chromebooks) indicate an interest in enabling users to access virtual desktops.[28][29]
Integrated media player, file manager
Google integrates a media player into both Chrome OS and the Chrome browser, enabling users to play back MP3s, view JPEGs, and handle other multimedia files while offline.[26] It supports DRM videos.[30]
Chrome OS also includes an integrated file manager, resembling those found on other operating systems, with the ability to display folders and their associated files, as well as preview and manage file contents using a variety of Web applications, including Google Docs and Box.[31]
Support for Android applications
At Google I/O 2014, a proof of concept showing Android applications, including Flipboard, running on Chrome OS was presented. In September 2014, Google introduced a beta version of the App Runtime for Chrome (ARC), which allows Android applications to be used on Chrome OS, using a Native-Client-based environment that provides the platforms necessary to run Android software. Android applications do not require any modifications to run on Chrome OS, but may be modified to better support a mouse and keyboard environment. As with other Chrome OS software, these applications are distributed through Chrome Web Store, and appear as native programs within application menus.
As of its introduction, Chrome OS support is only available for selected Android applications, including Duolingo, Evernote, Sight Words, and Vine. Google stated that it was working with selected Android developers to add more supported applications to ARC over the coming months.[32]
At its debut, Chrome OS was viewed as a competitor to Microsoft, both directly to Microsoft Windows and indirectly the company's word processing and spreadsheet applications—the latter through Chrome OS's reliance on cloud computing.[33][34] But Chrome OS engineering director Matthew Papakipos argued that the two operating systems would not fully overlap in functionality because Chrome OS is intended for netbooks, which lack the computational power to run a resource-intensive program like Adobe Photoshop.[14]
Some observers claimed that other operating systems already filled the niche that Chrome OS was aiming for, with the added advantage of supporting native applications in addition to a browser. Tony Bradley of PC World wrote in November 2009:
|We can already do most, if not all, of what Chrome OS promises to deliver. Using a Windows 7 or Linux-based netbook, users can simply not install anything but a web browser and connect to the vast array of Google products and other web-based services and applications. Netbooks have been successful at capturing the low-end PC market, and they provide a web-centric computing experience today. I am not sure why we should get excited that a year from now we'll be able to do the same thing, but locked into doing it from the fourth-place web browser.[35]
Relationship to Android
Google's successful introduction of the popular Android[36] and Chrome OS strategy has resulted in some critics of the dual open source, client-based operating systems. Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer accused Google of not being able to make up its mind.[37] Steven Levy wrote that "the dissonance between the two systems was apparent" at the 2011 Google I/O developer conference. The event featured a daily press conference in which each team leader, Android's Andy Rubin and Chrome's Sundar Pichai, "unconvincingly tried to explain why the systems weren't competitive."[this quote needs a citation] Google co-founder Sergey Brin addressed the question by saying that owning two promising OSes was "a problem that most companies would love to face".[38] Brin suggested that the two operating systems "will likely converge over time."[39] The speculation over convergence increased in March 2013 when Chrome OS chief Pichai replaced Rubin as the senior vice president in charge of Android, thereby putting Pichai in charge of both.[40]
The July 2013 press introduction of the Chromecast HDMI stick, which was hosted by Pichai, demonstrated how the two operating systems could work in tandem. The Chromecast device has a cut-down embedded version of Android, which users control using a smartphone or tablet running Android (or Apple's iOS or a PC running the Chrome browser). Gigaom reporter Kevin C. Tofel described the relationship as "a merger of experiences and services", a strategy that "fits with Google's overall theme of increasing user engagement in its ecosystem with Chrome as the underlying platform."[41]
The relationship between Android and Chrome OS became more substantial at Google I/O 2014, where Google developers presented a demo demonstrating native Android software running on Chrome OS through Native Client.[25][32]
Early in the project, Google provided publicly many details of the Chrome OS's design goals and direction,[42] although the company has not followed up with a technical description of the completed operating system.
User interface
Design goals for Chrome OS's user interface included using minimal screen space by combining applications and standard Web pages into a single tab strip, rather than separating the two. Designers considered a reduced window management scheme that would operate only in full-screen mode. Secondary tasks would be handled with "panels": floating windows that dock to the bottom of the screen for tasks like chat and music players. Split screens were also under consideration for viewing two pieces of content side-by-side. Chrome OS would follow the Chrome browser's practice of leveraging HTML5's offline modes, background processing, and notifications. Designers proposed using search and pinned tabs as a way to quickly locate and access applications.[43]
New window manager and graphics engine
On April 10, 2012, a new build of Chrome OS offered a choice between the original full-screen window interface and overlapping, re-sizable windows, such as found on Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The feature was implemented through the Ash window manager, which runs atop the Aura hardware-accelerated graphics engine. The April 2012 upgrade also included the ability to display smaller, overlapping browser windows, each with its own translucent tabs, browser tabs that can be "torn" and dragged to new positions or merged with another tab strip, and a mouse-enabled shortcut list across the bottom of the screen. One icon on the task bar shows a list of installed applications and bookmarks. Writing in CNET, Stephen Shankland argued that with overlapping windows, "Google is anchoring itself into the past" as both iOS and Microsoft's Metro interface are largely or entirely full-screen. Even so, "Chrome OS already is different enough that it's best to preserve any familiarity that can be preserved".[44][45][46]
In preliminary design documents for the Chromium OS open source project, Google described a three-tier architecture: firmware, browser and window manager, and system-level software and userland services.[47]
- The firmware contributes to fast boot time by not probing for hardware, such as floppy disk drives, that are no longer common on computers, especially netbooks. The firmware also contributes to security by verifying each step in the boot process and incorporating system recovery.[47]
- System-level software includes the Linux kernel that has been patched to improve boot performance. Userland software has been trimmed to essentials, with management by Upstart, which can launch services in parallel, re-spawn crashed jobs, and defer services in the interest of faster booting.[47]
- The window manager handles user interaction with multiple client windows much like other X window managers.[47]
Hardware support
Chrome OS is initially intended for secondary devices like netbooks, not as a user's primary PC,[16] and will run on hardware incorporating an x86 or ARM-based processor.[48] While Chrome OS will support hard disk drives, Google has requested that its hardware partners use solid-state drives "for performance and reliability reasons"[15] as well as the lower capacity requirements inherent in an operating system that accesses applications and most user data on remote servers. In November 2009 Matthew Papakipos, engineering director for the Chrome OS claimed that the Chrome OS consumes one-sixtieth as much drive space as Windows 7.[49]
Google Cloud Print is a Google service that helps any application on any device to print on any printer. While the cloud provides virtually any connected device with information access, the task of "developing and maintaining print subsystems for every combination of hardware and operating system – from desktops to netbooks to mobile devices – simply isn't feasible."[50][51] The cloud service requires installation of a piece of software called proxy, as part of the Chrome OS. The proxy registers the printer with the service, manages the print jobs, provides the printer driver functionality, and gives status alerts for each job.[52]
Link handling
Chrome OS was designed with the intention of storing user documents and files on remote servers. Both Chrome OS and the Chrome browser may introduce difficulties to the end users when handling specific file types offline; for example, when opening an image or document residing on a local storage device, it may be unclear whether and which specific Web application should be automatically opened for viewing, or the handling should be performed by a traditional application acting as a preview utility. Matthew Papakipos, Chrome OS engineering director, noted in 2010 that Windows developers have faced the same fundamental problem: "Quicktime is fighting with Windows Media Player, which is fighting with Chrome."[14]:3
In March 2010, Google software security engineer Will Drewry discussed Chrome OS security. Drewry described Chrome OS as a "hardened" operating system featuring auto-updating and sandbox features that will reduce malware exposure. He said that Chrome OS netbooks will be shipped with Trusted Platform Module (TPM), and include both a "trusted bootpath" and a physical switch under the battery compartment that actuates a developer mode. That mode drops some specialized security functions but increases developer flexibility. Drewry also emphasized that the open source nature of the operating system will contribute greatly to its security by allowing constant developer feedback.[53]
At a December 2010 press conference, Google claimed that Chrome OS would be the most secure consumer operating system due in part to a verified boot ability, in which the initial boot code, stored in read-only memory, checks for system compromises.[54]
Shell access
Chrome OS includes the Chrome Shell, or "crosh", which documents minimal functionality such as ping and SSH at crosh start-up. In the older Chrome OS versions originally in Acer C710 no Bash-like shell abilities were provided. In the later Chromebooks such as Acer C720, bash is available from crosh, where the entire Linux filesystem can be found and explored.
In developer mode, a full-featured Bash shell can be opened via VT-2, and is also accessible using the crosh command
shell.[55] To access full privileges in shell (e.g. sudo) the root password is required; it is "chronos" in Chrome OS and "facepunch" in Chrome OS Vanilla.[56]
Release channels and updates
Chrome OS uses the same release system as Google Chrome: there are three distinct channels: Stable, Beta, and Developer preview (called the "Dev" channel). The stable channel is updated with features and fixes that have been thoroughly tested in the Beta channel, and the Beta channel is updated approximately once a month with stable and complete features from the Developer channel. New ideas get tested in the Developer channel, which can be very unstable at times.[57][58] A fourth canary channel was confirmed to exist by Google Developer Francois Beaufort and hacker Kenny Strawn, by entering the Chrome OS shell in developer mode, typing the command shell to access the bash shell, and finally entering the command update_engine_client -channel canary-channel -update. It is possible to return to verified boot mode after entering the canary channel, but the channel updater disappears and the only way to return to another channel is using the "powerwash" factory reset.[59]
Chrome OS on Windows 8
On Windows 8, exceptions allow the default desktop web browser to offer a variant that can run inside its full-screen "Metro" shell and access features such as the Share charm, without necessarily needing to be written with Windows Runtime. Chrome's "Windows 8 mode" was previously a tablet-optimized version of the standard Chrome interface. In October 2013, the mode was changed on Developer channel to offer a variant of the Chrome OS desktop.[60][61][62][63][64]
See also
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- ^ "Stable Channel Update for Chrome OS". 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
- ^ "Beta Channel Update for Chrome OS". 2015-06-02. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
- ^ "Dev Channel Update for Chrome OS". 2015-05-29. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
- ^ "Kernel Design: Background, Upgrades". Google. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ Google. "Google Chrome OS Terms of Service". Retrieved September 5, 2012.
- ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (June 18, 2012). "It's 2016, and Chrome OS is ascendant". Computerworld. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
- ^ Enderle, Rob (May 12, 2011). "Why Google's Chromebooks are born to lose". Digital Trends. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
- ^ a b Sengupta, Caesar (November 19, 2009). "Releasing the Chromium OS open source project". Official Google Blog. Google, Inc. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- ^ Dylan F. Tweney (November 19, 2009). "Gadget Lab Hardware News and Reviews Google Chrome OS: Ditch Your Hard Drives, the Future Is the Web". Wired. Retrieved November 22, 2009.
- ^ "Google sets "late fall" release for Chrome". Reuters. June 2, 2010.
- ^ Sherr, Ian (May 11, 2011). "Google to launch Chrome Laptops in June". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
- ^ Pichai, Sundar (July 7, 2009). "Introducing the Google Chrome OS". Official Google Blog. Google, Inc. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
- ^ Brodkin, Jon (June 28, 2010). "Google Chrome OS creator takes job at Facebook, announces switch on Twitter". Business Week. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
- ^ a b c Stokes, Jon (January 19, 2010). "Google talks Chrome OS, HTML5, and the future of software". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Developer FAQ". Google. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
- ^ a b "Linux commands". The New York Times.
- ^ Yegulalp, Serdar (December 5, 2009). "Google Chrome OS Previewed". InformationWeek. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Rapoza, Jim (December 3, 2009). "REVIEW: Google Chrome OS Developer Edition Provides Intriguing Look at Web-Only Computing". eWeek.com. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ Kenyon, Chris (November 2009). "Google Chrome OS and Canonical". Canonical Blog. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
- ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (March 6, 2013). "The secret origins of Google's Chrome OS". ZDNet. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ Lardinois, Frederic (April 9, 2012). "Google's Chrome OS Will Soon Look More Like Windows Than A Browser". Techcrunch. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
- ^ Samson, Ted (May 16, 2013). "Google entices Chrome OS developers with prospect of native-like apps". InfoWorld. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ "What Are Packaged Apps?". Chrome apps stable. Google. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ "For Your Desktop". Chrome Web Store. Google. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
- ^ a b Bohn, Dieter (2014-06-25). "Native Android apps are coming to Chrome OS". The Verge. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
- ^ a b Metz, Cade (June 9, 2010). "Google morphs Chrome OS into netbook thin client". The Register. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
- ^ Mathews, Lee (August 13, 2010). "Google Chrome's Remoting feature shows up in Chrome with enterprise implications". Retrieved August 22, 2010.
- ^ Claburn, Thomas. "Google Pleased With Chromebook Sales". InformationWeek.
- ^ Thibodeau, Patrick. "Orlando tries out 600 Chromebooks, The Chrome OS-based laptops may fit into city's cloud strategy". Computerworld.
- ^ Sneddon, Joey-Elijah (February 24, 2014). "Chrome OS 33 Hits Stable Channel, Adds New 'First Run' Tour, Contact Search". omgchrome. Retrieved March 7, 2014.[self-published source]
- ^ Rosenblatt, Seth (August 10, 1011). "Chrome OS goes offline, gets file manager". CNET download.com. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "Chrome OS can now run Android apps, no porting required". Ars Technica. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ Keegan, Victor (July 10, 2009). "Can Chrome steal Microsoft's shine?". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 11, 2009.
- ^ Bertolucci, Jeff (July 10, 2009). "Google, Microsoft Invade Enemy Territory: Who Wins?". PC World. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
- ^ Bradley, Tony (April 2010). "Five Reasons the Google Chrome OS will Flop". Retrieved April 21, 2010.
- ^ Dignan, Larry (November 23, 2009). "Admob: Droid and Android army make big browsing splash". ZDNet. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ^ Patel, Nilay (July 14, 2009). "Steve Ballmer calls Chrome OS "highly interesting," says Google "can't make up their mind"". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ^ Levy, Steven (June 7, 2011). "Jobs to PC: 'You're Busted!' And Other Notes From The OS Wars". Wired. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Krazit, Tom (November 20, 2009). "Brin: Google's OSes likely to converge". CNET News. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ^ Olivarez-Giles, Nathan (March 13, 2013). "Google Replaces Android Boss Andy Rubin With Chrome's Sundar Pichai". Wired. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
- ^ Tofel, Kevin C. (July 24, 2013). "Chromecast shows how Google is really "merging" Android and Chrome". Gigaom. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "The Chromium Projects: Chrome OS". Retrieved July 2, 2011.
- ^ "The Chromium Projects: User Experience". Google. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ^ Stephen Shankland (April 10, 2012). "Google gives Chrome OS a less alienating interface". CNET.
- ^ Caleb Garling (April 10, 2012). "Google Chrome OS Busts Out Of Browser With New Interface". Wired.
- ^ Paul, Ryan (April 16, 2012). "Hands-on: getting work done with Google's new Aura interface for Chrome OS". Ars Technica. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Security Overview: Chromium OS design documents". Google. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
- ^ Womack, Brian (July 8, 2009). "Google to Challenge Microsoft With Operating System". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
- ^ Mearian, Lucas (November 19, 2009). "Google Chrome OS will not support hard-disk drives". Computerworld. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ^ Jazayeri, Mike (April 15, 2010). "A New Approach to Printing". The Chromium Blog. Google Inc. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
- ^ Heater, Brian (April 16, 2010). "Google Talks Cloud-Based Printing for Chrome OS". App Scout. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
- ^ Whitney, Lance. "Google moving closer to Chrome OS printing". CNET News. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Messmer, Ellen (March 2010). "Google sheds light on Chrome OS Netbook security". Retrieved March 8, 2010.
- ^ Paul, Ryan (December 2010). "Google demos Chrome OS, launches pilot program". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ "Poking around your Chrome OS Notebook". The Chromium Projects. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ^ "Boot and Install Chromium OS on Notebook". Keyables.
- ^ Mark Larson (January 8, 2009). "Google Chrome Release Channels". Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ Mark Larson (January 8, 2009). "Dev update: New WebKit version, new features, and a new Dev channel". Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ Beaufort, François (January 3, 2014). "We all agree that Dev Channel is great to test out new…". Google+. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
- ^ "Windows 8 browsers: the only Metro apps to get desktop power". TechRadar. Future Publishing. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ Newman, Jared. "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ "Mozilla previews 'Metro'-ized Firefox for Windows 8". Computerworld. IDG. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
- ^ "Firefox for Windows 8 enters Aurora channel with touch and gesture support". Engadget. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
- ^ "Google is building Chrome OS straight into Windows 8". The Verge. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
External links
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- Official website
- Release blog
- Chromium OS project page
- Chrome OS wiki
- What is Google Chrome OS? on YouTube
- Official announcement
- Google Chrome OS Live Webcast; November 19, 2009
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There's been some interesting themes circulating in LibraryLand recently which have to do, I think, with the near-maturation of that collection of technologies we think of as Web 2.0 (or, at least, with the settling-in of the driving idea behind those technologies). There's been a bit of a collective yawn in evidence when people prepare presentations or publications about "The top 10 new social tools online" or "the 100 2.0 tools every librarian should know" or anything along those lines. The time for laundry lists of new tools seems to have past. So what happens next? What do presenters and authors tell us now to continue our development as a profession?
Some have taken a step back and generalized the message to be something like "all of this is simply a byproduct of the need to implement innovative services… the tools don't matter as long as you're being innovative." Or they may exhort us to "keep up with those young-uns or libraries will become irrelevant." Maybe you've heard about the benefits of experimentation, or gotten deep into discussions about whether we should lead our communities to new technologies or follow them into the online spaces they already inhabit.
In my corner of LibraryLand, the question seems to be more along these lines: Does the existence of these tools, or of technology itself, fundamentally change humanities scholarship?
And of course, this question leads to a myriad of others. If technology does change humanities scholarship, what does this new scholarship look like? Is it fundamentally different or just different in its methods and appearance? If technology does not fundamentally change humanities scholarship, to what extent are humanities scholars and the librarians they work with obligated to know or care about Web 2.0? If a rose by any other name still smells sweet, does Scholarship (with a capital S) continue onward regardless of the tools that mark its methods?
I certainly don't have answers for these questions, but as I think about them, I wanted to collect a couple examples of the places where I see this kind of discussion playing out.
- There has been some discussion in the blog world specifically about humanities scholarship in the digital age. For example, Wayne Bivens-Tatum over at Academic Librarian has written his views on the topic. He sees the fundamentals of humanities scholarship as unchanged and unchanging, and laid out his reasoning in these two posts. Though I have some difficulties with his arguments,* they are excellent posts. Dan Cohen, on the other hand, about how humanities scholarship is shifting and will shift in the future.
- Project Bamboo has embarked on a mission to enhance humanities scholarship by building a new suit of technological tools and by formalizing collaborations between scholars, information technologists, and libraries. Their proposal document presents a vision of the ways that these technologies and collaborations could aid in the exploration of current kinds of humanities research, but it also hints at the possibilities that new kinds of questions could be asked in the future. I'm not sure yet if these are fundamentally different kinds of questions, but I'm taken with the analogy on page 12 where they note that "for the humanist, the library is his or her laboratory." Scientists can as questions that their methods and laboratories (formal or informal) allow them to answer. There are whole branches of science that were not possible 50 years ago because the equipment wasn't there to support them. Will this analogy hold true for humanists? And if so, is this a fundamental change or simply new avenues built on the same foundations?
- Conversations such as the ones that are going on now about the role of social spaces online in education. For now I'll pick the Creepy Treehouse posts at ACRLog, See Also, and Reflections from a Small College Library. For budding humanists, will integrating research and online social interaction be as natural as breathing (or as discussing the politics of spacial representation with fellow scholars over drinks)? If not, if research would seem "creepy" in the context of online socialization, how might the assumptions about what's askable, what's knowable, and what's reusable that grow out of such spaces influence these new scholars' assumptions about their scholarship? If so, is this actually different from the kind of scholarship that happened before? I'm thinking of C. S. Lewis and his Inklings group, and of the departmental lounges in academic institutions, and of any number of times I've seen the scholars in my family argue points of interest.
What do you think? What counts as "fundamental" in scholarship (humanities or otherwise)? Do these fundamentals change in response to the tools available? If I can ask different questions now than I could before, could that mean the field has changed? If things don't change fundamentally, what counts as significant change and how do all these questions play out?
*I think he's confusing methods with fundamentals, myself, saying that some people are changing their fundamental practices when they use new tools and then arguing that humanities scholarship has not changed regardless of the fact that they do sometimes use new tools now.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Central Park Tour: Southern Welcome Tour
Thursday, February 13, 2020
12:00 p.m.–1:30 p.m.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
Join Central Park Conservancy guides for an introduction to some of the southern park highlights, including Grand Army Plaza, the Pond, Gapstow Bridge, Wollman Rink, Chess & Checkers House, and the Dairy.
Meet: Inside the Park at 61st Street and Fifth Avenue. Map of the start location
Terrain: A few inclines and some stairs.
Length of Tour: Approximately 60 minutes
Cost: Free; registration not required. No groups, please.
For weather cancellation and other ticket policies, please review our Tours Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).
Groups of seven or more must schedule a group tour three weeks in advance at email@example.com.
Tour ends at the Dairy (mid-Park at 65th Street)
Event Organizer
Contact Number
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text:
On "November Cotton Flower"
Nellie McKay
Images of scarcity, drought, and death in the natural world of the poem parallel the oppression of race, sex, class, and economics that comprise the reality of Karintha:
And cotton, scarce as any southern snow,
Was vanishing; the branch, so pinched and slow,
Failed in its function as the autumn rake;
Drouth fighting soil had caused the soil to take
All water from the streams; dead birds were found
In wells a hundred feet below the ground--
It is a dismal landscape into which the flower blooms. The old people are startled by this omen of false spring that they know can only be a sign of greater misfortune for them all. In their superstition, they perceive in it the human dimensions of "Brown eyes that loved without a trace of fear, / Beauty so sudden for that time of Year."
From Jean Toomer: ArtistA Study of His Literary Life and Work, 1894-1936. Copyright © 1984 by The University of North Carolina Press.
Vera M. Kutzinski
If part I was conceived as the equivalent of a pastoral journey back to the source (via "Song of the Son"), it almost immediately becomes apparent that Toomer had trouble sustaining an image of the rural South as "nature," as some sort of locus amoenus where "brown eyes . . . loved without a trace of fear" (6). What may well have begun as a classic pastoral sojourn is inevitably pulled into history, a history that continuously interferes with, indeed disrupts and transforms Toomer's images of natural beauty and increasingly identifies them as literary constructs that objectify both the landscape and its female dwellers. Like the landscape itself, Toomer's women, most of whom are lower-class mulattas tainted by some sort of illicit sexuality, are beautiful, innocent and pure only when situated outside of history, like the "mother of Christ drawn in charcoal on the courthouse wall" (19). They are "Orphaned," cursed, like Karintha, with "beauty, perfect as dusk when the sun goes down"(3); condemned to virginity like Esther and Fern; cast out, dead, like Becky, "the white woman who had two Negro sons" (7). That they are mysterious, elusive and sexually disturbing is a function not of their "nature" but of the male narrators' need carefully to filter out emotionally and ideologically troubling histories of sexual and economic abuse, along with obvious differences in social class, which would (and do) interfere with these figures' ability to represent cultural and spiritual purity and wholeness. "As you know," one of these narrators explains in "Fern," "men are apt to idolize or fear that which they cannot understand, especially if it be a woman" (16). This is why Toomer's women, be they "innocently lovely as a November cotton flower" or "prematurely serious" with faces "the color of the gray dust that dances with dead cotton leaves" (25), are all stunningly unreal, almost surreal. Their glamorous beauty is as unseasonal and unnatural as the November cotton flower that suddenly blooms in a drought-devastated waste land. Toomer's choice of the sonnet form for the poem "November Cotton Flower" (6) appropriately underlines the sense of artifice that throughout the text functions as a conceptual and aesthetic screen for a history too immediate, too uncomfortable to be dealt with in any explicit fashion.
from "Unseasonal Flowers: Nature and History in Placido and Jean Toomer." Yale Journal of Criticism 3 (Spring 1990), 153-179
Francoise Clary
Toomer's water metaphors form a vortex from and through which rush mingled ideas of hope and suffering that replace the actual situation in which the narrator and other characters find themselves. Thus, water imagery in Cane does not mirror external reality but, in the manner of a symbol, denotes the metaphysical.
All ten poems in part 1 harmonize their lyrical expression derived from the intricate pattern of water imagery with the religious core of stories where physical and spiritual energy coalesce. "November Cotton Flower" with its tragic images of vanishing water, spreading drought, and dried-up wells echoes the dramatic conflict of "Karintha" by the symbolic representation of death as tension:
And cotton, scarce as any southern snow,
Was vanishing; the branch, so pinched and slow,
Failed in its function as the autumn rake;
Drouth fighting soil had caused the soil to take
All water from the streams; dead birds were found
In wells a hundred feet below the ground
("November Cotton Flower," 7)
Toomer's metaphorical and metonymical processes involve similarity, causality, and inclusion. When associated with drought, water becomes evocative of drained life, even of life tinged with death, or foreboding death.
from Jean Toomer and the Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Genevieve Fabre and Michel Feith. Rutgers UP. Copyright © by Francoise Clary.
Return to Jean Toomer


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Braves like bat of second-round pick Caratini
LOS ANGELES -- With Evan Gattis and Christian Bethancourt, the Braves have two catchers who could serve as Brian McCann's successors for many years to come. But like with pitchers, teams can never have too many catchers, especially those who have shown intriguing offensive potential.
That was the approach the Braves took on Thursday when they selected Miami Dade Community College catcher Victor Caratini with their second round selection in this year's First-Year Player Draft. Though he was selected as a catcher, Caratini's raw defensive skills behind the plate could lead him to play third or second base.
"We just really liked his bat as much as anything," Braves director of scouting Tony DeMacio said. "We saw him early and liked him from the very beginning."
Caratini is the first catcher the Braves have selected in the second round since McCann in 2002.
Because of the presence of another catcher on Miami Dade's roster, Caratini spent most of his time this year playing third base. He hit .377 with six home runs, 12 doubles and a .549 slugging percentage in 175 at-bats.
DeMacio said the plan will be for Caratini to begin his professional career as a catcher.


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Stephens: Muslims, Mormons and Liberals
Why is it OK to mock one religion but not another?
'Hasa Diga Eebowai" is the hit number in Broadway's hit musical "The Book of Mormon," which won nine Tony awards last year. What does the phrase mean? I can't tell you, because it's unprintable in a family newspaper.
On the other hand, if you can afford to shell out several hundred bucks for a seat, then you can watch a Mormon missionary get his holy book stuffed—well, I can't tell you about that, either. Let's just say it has New York City audiences roaring with laughter.
Related Video
The "Book of Mormon"—a performance of which Hillary Clinton attended last year, without registering a complaint—comes to mind as the administration falls over itself denouncing "Innocence of Muslims." This is a film that may or may not exist; whose makers are likely not who they say they are; whose actors claim to have known neither the plot nor purpose of the film; and which has never been seen by any member of the public except as a video clip on the Internet.
No matter. The film, the administration says, is "hateful and offensive" (Susan Rice), "reprehensible and disgusting" (Jay Carney) and, in a twist, "disgusting and reprehensible" (Hillary Clinton). Mr. Carney, the White House spokesman, also lays sole blame on the film for inciting the riots that have swept the Muslim world and claimed the lives of Ambassador Chris Stevens and three of his staff in Libya.
So let's get this straight: In the consensus view of modern American liberalism, it is hilarious to mock Mormons and Mormonism but outrageous to mock Muslims and Islam. Why? Maybe it's because nobody has ever been harmed, much less killed, making fun of Mormons.
Here's what else we learned this week about the emerging liberal consensus: That it's okay to denounce a movie you haven't seen, which is like trashing a book you haven't read. That it's okay to give perp-walk treatment to the alleged—and no doubt terrified—maker of the film on legally flimsy and politically motivated grounds of parole violation. That it's okay for the federal government publicly to call on Google to pull the video clip from YouTube in an attempt to mollify rampaging Islamists. That it's okay to concede the fundamentalist premise that religious belief ought to be entitled to the highest possible degree of social deference—except when Mormons and sundry Christian rubes are concerned.
And, finally, this: That the most "progressive" administration in recent U.S. history will make no principled defense of free speech to a Muslim world that could stand hearing such a defense. After the debut of "The Book of Mormon" musical, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints responded with this statement: "The production may attempt to entertain audiences for an evening but the Book of Mormon as a volume of scripture will change people's lives forever by bringing them closer to Christ."
That was it. The People's Front for the Liberation of Provo will not be gunning for a theater near you. Is it asking too much of religious and political leaders in Muslim communities to adopt a similar attitude?
It needn't be. A principled defense of free speech could start by quoting the Quran: "And it has already come down to you in the Book that when you hear the verses of Allah [recited], they are denied [by them] and ridiculed; so do not sit with them until they enter into another conversation." In this light, the true test of religious conviction is indifference, not susceptibility, to mockery.
The defense could add that a great religion surely cannot be goaded into frenetic mob violence on the slimmest provocation. Yet to watch the images coming out of Benghazi, Cairo, Tunis and Sana'a is to witness some significant portion of a civilization being transformed into Travis Bickle, the character Robert De Niro made unforgettable in Taxi Driver. "You talkin' to me?"
A defense would also point out that an Islamic world that insists on a measure of religious respect needs also to offer that respect in turn. When Sheikh Yusuf Qaradawi—the closest thing Sunni Islam has to a pope—praises Hitler for exacting "divine punishment" on the Jews, that respect isn't exactly apparent. Nor has it been especially apparent in the waves of Islamist-instigated pogroms that have swept Egypt's Coptic community in recent years.
Finally, it need be said that the whole purpose of free speech is to protect unpopular, heretical, vulgar and stupid views. So far, the Obama administration's approach to free speech is that it's fine so long as it's cheap and exacts no political price. This is free speech as pizza.
President Obama came to office promising that he would start a new conversation with the Muslim world, one that lectured less and listened more. After nearly four years of listening, we can now hear more clearly where the U.S. stands in the estimation of that world: equally despised but considerably less feared. Just imagine what four more years of instinctive deference will do.
On the bright side, dear liberals, you'll still be able to mock Mormons. They tend not to punch back, which is part of what makes so many of them so successful in life.
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About this article
Global View
"Global View" analyzes ongoing developments in foreign affairs, with a particular focus on American strategy and geopolitics. The column appears on the Wall Street Journal's website every Monday evening and Tuesdays in print.


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Connecticut's top criminal judge, Robert Devlin, catches Mary Badaracco case
BRIDGEPORT - The hot potato of the Badaracco case has landed with veteran Judge Robert Devlin, a former mob prosecutor who has presided over notorious murder trials. Judge Devlin currently serves as the state's chief administrative judge for criminal cases and as the presiding judge for the Fairfield Judicial District.
"He is able to very quickly boil the case down to the critical issues, he is very intelligent and very quick study," said public defender Joseph Bruckmann, who has appeared before Judge Devlin.
Judge Devlin presided over the Beth Carpenter contract murder case in Eastern Connecticut and the Russell Peeler capital felony case in Bridgeport. As a federal prosecutor, he summed up the government case resulting in convictions of the hierarchy of the Partriarca mob family in New England.
The case of Dominic Badaracco - a prime suspect in the killing of his wife nearly 29 years ago - has been delayed several times since last fall, bouncing from New Britain to Middletown and now Bridgeport. A status conference is scheduled for Jan. 24.
Mr. Badaracco, 76, stands accused of bribing Judge Robert Brunetti of Goshen in an attempt to influence grand jury proceedings surrounding the investigation of Mary Badaracco's death. Although no body was ever found, State Police reclassified the Sherman case as a homicide in 1990.
About a year after Mary Badaracco vanished from their home in Sherman, Mr. Badaracco was able to gain a divorce. He has proclaimed his innocence.
In a filing last month, prosecutors added a conspiracy charge to the bribery count and a charge of offering a gift to a state official. This maneuver could allow them to get certain hearsay testimony into the record.
A series of phone calls from Mr. Badaracco and his former business partner Ronald "Rocky" Richter to Judge Brunetti is detailed in the arrest warrant. Judge Brunetti was a longtime friend or associate of both men and legal counsel to their business before he became a judge in 2002. They also played golf together.
The new charge is "conspiracy to commit hindering prosecution in the first degree." Mr. Richter is cited as the unindicted co-conspirator. The conspiracy is alleged to have occurred from September 2010 to June 2011 in West Redding, Sherman and Danbury.
For hearsay testimony to be admitted, the judge first must find there likely was a conspiracy. The statements would have to be made during the course of the conspiracy and designed to facilitate it. If all that happens, the jury would have to determine if there actually was a conspiracy - at the higher standard of beyond a reasonable doubt.
The element of a sitting judge as a witness in a criminal trial does not necessarily pose problems for the trial judge, according to prominent Hartford criminal attorney Steven Seligman.
"When a judge has to testify -- in theory -- he or she should not be treated differently," Seligman said. "Whatever rights of confrontation counsel have, they have. I cannot presume the presiding judge will deny the defense the right of confrontation."
If that happened, Seligman said, such an error could be grounds for an appeal.
Seligman said he was not familiar with details of the Badaracco case. However, he speculated that even if the defense has embarrassing information on any witness, that does not necessarily help the accused. The introduction of such information could also reflect badly on the defendant, he said.
State Police claim Dominic Badaracco transferred funds to obtain more than $100,000 two days before the alleged offer to Judge Brunetti.
Mary Badaracco was 38 when she disappeared in 1984. At the time, her car, a 1982 Chevrolet Cavalier, remained in the driveway of the Badaraccos' home in Sherman. The driver's side of the windshield had been smashed. That car subsequently disappeared as well, and State Police have been unable to find it.
The grand jury looking into the Badaracco case heard 62 witnesses in 2010 and 2011. The report by Judge William Hadden did not call for any arrests and was sealed. This type of grand jury--known as a one-person grand jury--has been used sporadically in Connecticut in recent decades as a fact-finding tool for difficult cases involving corruption
A judge in Middletown withdrew from the case last month because he is a "social acquaintance" of a likely witness. The case had been moved to Middletown from New Britain where Judge Brunetti is assigned.
The defense in the trial will be led by longtime Bridgeport defense attorney Richard Meehan. He is joined by partner Ed Gavin.
The prosecution team is led by Deputy Chief State's Attorney Len Boyle, a former federal prosecutor and State Police commissioner. Mr. Boyle is joined by Executive Assistant State's Attorney Michael A. Gailor, who successfully prosecuted former Hartford Mayor Eddie Perez on corruption charges.
Mary Badaracco's daughters --Beth Profeta of Torrington and Sheryl Passaro of Danbury -- have been critical of prosecutors for what they say is a failure to pursue perjury and other charges.
Also see: Growing Up Badaracco: Beth Profeta Recalls 'Whacked-Out' Childhood
and 28-Year Search For Justice In Mother's Homicide
Reach Daniela Forte at 860-489-3121, ext. 345 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Reach Andy Thibault by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @cooljustice.


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Each of these beautiful pendants are inspired by tide pools and are made with marine flora that was attached to garbage that I personally cleaned up from the beach. While I throw most of the garbage away, a small collection is taken home and sorted for art. And in that garbage, there are always pieces of this beautiful marine life hiding in the socks and straws and plastics. I pull all of that aside and sun dry it, and then I use tweezers to build these little wearable tide pools. Each pendant is completely unique and upon request, comes with a matching complimentary chain.
Due to the handmade nature of each piece and the natural materials used, slight differences in appearance should be expected. Colors may look different in person than they appear on screen.
10% of product sales is donated to conservation efforts
Tide Pool Pendant in Round, Deep, Gold #3A
Each pendant is made with natural materials, metal and artist resin. As with all jewelry, these pieces should not be worn in water. When not being worn, pieces should be stored in a dark, cool place, away from light and air exposure. These are not out of the ordinary storage solutions, but rather, best practices for all jewelry pieces.


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Mark Thomas
This is an intriguing mix of sweet and savory. Sharp white cheddar is a good substitute for Manchego cheese.
- Yield
- Makes 6
- 1 cup 1/4- to 1/3-inch cubes guava paste* (about 7 ounces)
- 1 cup 1/4- to 1/3-inch cubes Manchego cheese (about 4 ounces)
- 1/2 cup sliced almonds, toasted
- 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 9 tablespoons sugar
- 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon
- 3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 9 12x8-inch sheets fresh phyllo pastry or frozen, thawed
- 1/2 cup (1 stick) unsalted butter, melted
- Passion Fruit Syrup
- Toss first 4 ingredients in medium bowl to combine. Cover filling and chill until ready to use, up to 1 day.
- Stir sugar, cinnamon, and cayenne pepper in small bowl. Place 1 phyllo sheet on work surface; keep remaining sheets covered with plastic wrap and damp towel to prevent drying. Brush phyllo with butter and sprinkle with 11/2 teaspoons sugar mixture. Repeat 2 more times to make 3 layers. Cut rectangle in half crosswise, making two 6x8-inch stacks. Place scant 1/3 cup guava filling in center of each stack. Gather sheets around filling to form pouch. Brush pouches with butter. Transfer to small baking sheet. Repeat with remaining ingredients to make 6 pouches total. Sprinkle with some of remaining sugar mixture. (Can be made 1 day ahead. Cover with plastic and refrigerate.)
- Preheat oven to 350°F. Bake phyllo pouches uncovered until golden brown and filling is heated through, about 20 minutes. Transfer to plates. Spoon syrup alongside; serve phyllo pouches warm.
- *A firm block of concentrated fruit available at some supermarkets, at Latin markets, and at cafecubano.com.


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Mixed Review: Black & White Cookies
We bake from the box.
"If you want to bake a delicious and nostalgia-inducing batch of cookies, this is your ticket."
When I was a little girl, my dad often went on business trips to New York City. On his way home, he always made sure to stop at one of the old German bakeries on the Upper East Side to pick up treats for my brother, my mom, and me. He bought almond crescents, little animals made out of marzipan, thick slices of lemon cake, and, of course, black and white cookies.
To this day, black & white cookies remain a favorite for us both. Years ago when I wrote an article for the Brooklyn Paper on the borough's best black and whites, I brought him samples of all the top contenders so that he could weigh in. Born and raised in Manhattan, he has been eating black and white cookies all his life and knows what makes for an exceptional rendition: a cakey base with hints of lemon and vanilla, and smooth layers of fondant frosting that are sugary and thick but not at all gooey.
With Father's Day approaching, I had black and white cookies on the brain. While my search for a black and white mix proved unsuccessful, I did find a recipe on Betty Crocker's website for black and whites using a sugar cookie mix as the base. The majority of reviews had given the recipe five spoons (Betty Crocker's highest rating). One even commented: "This recipe was fantastic. I made it for my dad who misses the old fashioned NY cookies and these taste EXACTLY like the originals." I was sold. I ran to the store to buy all the ingredients.
The Process
Instead of preparing the cookies according to the package instructions, I followed the recipe and added buttermilk, softened butter, eggs, and lemon zest. The resulting mix looked promising—much more like cake batter than cookie dough. I dropped heaping spoonfuls (about three tablespoons each) onto a parchment-lined baking sheet and baked my cookies for exactly 15 minutes. They came out perfectly, like corn muffin tops, with puffed centers and golden-brown edges.
The frosting was a simple combination of confectioners' sugar, butter, heavy cream, and chocolate. I had to add few extra splashes of cream to make my frosting spreadable, but overall it was pretty easy to work with. Once my cookies were slicked with half vanilla and half chocolate, I had to admit they looked impressive. Not as sleek and smooth as bakery black and whites, but a pretty good homemade version.
Best of all, the flavor was surprisingly authentic. I had been skeptical of the sugar cookie mix. I feared that my black and whites would come out thin and crispy, with a distinct "cookie mix" taste. Instead, the buttermilk rendered them tender as cupcakes and the lemon zest imparted fresh-from-a-real-oven flavor. The only disappointment was the frosting, which had far more in common with buttercream than fondant.
If you want to create an exact replica of New York-style black and whites, you'll have to use a different frosting. However, if you just want to bake a delicious and nostalgia-inducing batch of cookies for your dad, this is your ticket.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Tetbury Duvet Set £72 to £128
Pedro Duvet Set £72 to £116
Tetbury Pillowcase £18 £14.40
Taransay Duvet Set £72 to £128
Abstract Duvet Set £72 to £108
Botanical Duvet Set £72 to £116
Zinnia Duvet Set £90 £72
Bluebellgray is an exciting Scottish textile design company specialising in the home interiors market. Influenced by a love of colour and all things floral, the designs are something unique and special. Each one is painted by hand in the Bluebellgray studio before being printed onto natural cottons and linens using state of the art printing technology.
Every brushstroke and colour is captured by the printing methods Bluebellgray use, ensuring the authentic feel of a hand painted design. Created by Fi Douglas, Bluebellgray was set up in the summer of 2009, with the idea to create fresh, modern floral designs. Adorning cushions, make-up bags and bed linen, you can take her beautifully unique designs with you wherever you go.
Bluebellgray was shortlisted for an Elle Decoration Design award at the end of 2010. The design philosophy behind the brand adheres to the 'eclectic mix' school of thought, encouraging the designs to sit beside flea market finds and family heirlooms.
As Fiona says 'it's ok when things don't match, if you love it- go with it!' Bluebellgray designs are aimed at people looking for something unique and individual for their home, an antidote to mass production.
42 matching products, priced from £ 14.40 to £ 869.00
238 customer reviews with an average score of 4.8 / 5


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COVID-19 | Service Delivery Changes
The Building Division will continue to do its best to maintain services for both Permits and Inspections during COVID-19. If you require these services, please visit our COVID-19 webpage for up-to-date information about changes to services and how we're maintaining building services, while keeping the health and safety of our staff and customers a top priority.
Planning & Development Department - Building Division
The Building Division is a section of the Planning & Development Department and is responsible for several specific functions.
Building Permits
The Building Division is responsible for the issuance of building permits in accordance with the Building Code Act and municipal regulations. Upon submission of a building permit application, a plans examination is conducted on the submitted information to determine whether compliance with the Ontario Building Code and other applicable regulations have been achieved.
Building permit issuance will occur after the successful completion of the plans examination process. The Building Clerk will contact the applicant listed on the application when the building permit is ready for pick-up. Please note that:
Inspections are conducted by the Building Division at various stages throughout the construction of the approved project. It is the applicant's responsibility to book these inspections in compliance with the City of Port Colborne Building By-law. A copy of the written inspection report is issued at the conclusion of each inspection and will be left with the appropriate person on site or in a conspicuous location on site.
Other Duties
The Building Division is also responsible for:
- Pool permits
- Sign Permits
- Building Inquires
You can obtain an application for a building or plumbing permit at City Hall - Second Floor or download the application below:
Application for a Permit to Construct or Demolish
It is strongly recommended that you speak to a member of the Building Division prior to making an application to ensure that all of the required information is submitted.
Contact Information
Dan Aquilina
Director of Planning and Development
Ph. 905-835-2901 ext 203
Fax. 905-835-2939
Email Dan Aquilina
Todd Rogers
Chief Building Official
Ph. 905-835-2901 ext 201
Fax. 905-835-2939
Email Todd Rogers
Amy Dayboll
Building Administration Clerk
Ph. 905-835-2901 ext 229
Fax. 905-835-2939


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ADHD continually gets a bad rep. If you have ADHD, many times things don't go well for you in life. If you are a child, you may be getting in trouble a lot. Teachers are on your case, friends think you are "odd," and parents are never happy about your performance. That often makes you as a person with ADHD feel bad. Bad feelings promote lack of confidence and poor self-esteem, and poor self-esteem leads to a lot of mistakes in life.
Enter treatment: It gets a bad rep, too. Parents and friends might think you shouldn't be on medication. Maybe a little bit is OK, they say, but not all of the medication it often takes to control a whole day of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Treatment is not perfect, and often only works for a certain period of time. But just try getting through a day without medication — it may be a day of total chaos or a day of total unproductivity.
Physicians who treat ADHD also get a bad rep. They may be thought of as over diagnosing, or over treating, or even imperfectly treating a patient with ADHD.
So what are we to think? It just has to be understood that ADHD is a difficult problem and sometimes it may have a not-so-good outcome. The patients, the doctors, the teachers, the parents, the spouses, etc., all have to work together. This requires a good system of communication. And then sometimes everything fits together and the individual does great.
What has been your experience with ADHD?
Important: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and not Everyday Health.


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Moderator: Movie Mods
redsnake wrote:Think I have it somwhere, will look into it over the weekend.
redsnake wrote:Havent found it yet.
The rest is coming
Downloading two versions of ep26, will see if it works
It might be a little bit slow, since I cant devote the whole bandwidth, as well as I''m sitting behind an anonymous proxy.
I might be offline from time to time, when I need the bandwidth for other things (kids complaining)
eDonkeyServer No2
I'm offline for the moment, will start to re-share later in the evening.
Offline at the moment. Will come back later on this night.
Never understood this about "friends-slot", probably because I switched from "edonkey hybrid" to "emule" a week ago or so.
redsnake wrote:Offline at the moment. Will come back later on this night.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests


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From Recession to Recovery & Beyond
Private Capital through Crisis: Calculating Risks
BDO is here to help your business – and you – navigate the COVID-19 health crisis, prepare for recovery, and once again, thrive.
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We've created the BDO Library as a "go to" source for informative and thought provoking knowledge resources.
Boards' High Stakes Balancing Act: Navigating Through Crisis
Working Mother Names BDO USA, LLP as one of the 100 Best Companies.
A unique virtual forum for middle market business leaders to share and discuss insights to navigate this time of disruption, position for recovery and ultimately thrive again.
June 06, 20198:30 AM to 11:00 AM PST
City Club
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51st Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
get directions
8:30 AM to 9:00 AM -
Registration and breakfast
9:00 AM to 11:00 AM -
Complimentary breakfast and parking validation will be provided.
Forgot my password


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Posted by Editoress on 03/14/11
Bob Schelstraete has passed along the sad news that his father, Albert Schelstraete-Coulier passed away earlier today at University Hospital in London, Ontario. He was 92.
The Official opening of the FCV in April 2005. Albert is 2nd from right in burgundy jacket
Albert was most recently known for his involvement in the Forest City Velodrome, where he was both the track designer and a ferverent support of the program. However, his palmares in the sport go back to the mid-1930s, when he rode his first bike race. Despite being hit by a truck when training and breaking both legs (at the age of 19), he came back to racing and won a number of significant races, including the Montreal Six Day as an amateur, before turning professional in 1940. He was named Outstanding Canadian Rider in 1940. His career ended in 1942 with World War II.
After his 'retirement', Albert continued to ride and race, competing in numerous Masters World Championships, World Senior Games and endurance events (he won the Detriot 24 Hour in 1982, at the age of 63).
However, Albert's involvement in the sport went well beyond racing. He built and designed dozens of tracks around the world, including the one used for the 1976 Olympics in Montreal. He was the President of the Canadian Wheelman's Association (predecessor to the Canadian Cycling Association) for 1955-57.
On a personal note, Albert showed a life long passion for our sport, and often dropped by our offices to chat about the state of the sport, historical events, upcoming events, and projects he was involved with. We shall miss him greatly, and offer our condolences to his family.
Here is a history of Albert's life long involvement in cycling.
Obituary and Vistation Details:
Albert Schelstraete-Coulier of Tillsonburg born Nov 15, 1918 crossed his final finish line at University Hospital London on March 14, 2011.
He is predeceased by wife Irene (2003), daughter Marianne (1944) and great-granddaughter Abby (2002). Survived by sons Robert (Elaine) Schelstraete and Ronald (Linda) Schelstraete, Grandchildren Karen Demaree (Brian), Lynn Cristino (Hersh), Joann Schelstraete-Colyer (Vince) and Vicki Schelstraete-DeFilippo (Julius). Also 7 great-grandchildren.
Albert's life-long passion was cycling where he competed internationally as both amateur and professional. He founded the Silver Spokes Cycling Club. He spent many years designing and building cycling velodromes across North America including World Championship and Olympic tracks. His latest endeavour was co-founder of London's Forest City Velodrome.
Visitation on Wednesday 2-4 pm and 7-9 pm and service on Thursday at 11:00 am at Verhoeve Funeral Home 262 Broadway St., Tillsonburg, On N4G 4J1. Cremation to follow at a later date.
In lieu of flowers donations to charity of your choice or Forest City Velodrome youth cycling would be appreciated.
|Return to Canadian Cyclist homepage | Back to Top


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Garrett Rathbone Skater Profile
Sponsors: White Chocolate Skate Shop, FKD (flow), CatSpray Griptape, Chophouse SKateboards
Hometown: Mcpherson Kansas, Stance: Regular, Age: 31, Status: Am
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Couldn't find any Garrett Rathbone products, but check out some random products from our Shop. Yeah, Garrett Rathbone probably shops here...
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Epitaux Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'epitaux'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 1 record (displaying 1 to 1):
Try these...
epham ephane ephgravb ephgrave ephinstoun ephraim ephraims ephran ephraums ephremsen epinac epinal epinay epinel epinger epinges epirand episcopi episcopo episcopus epithite epiydgens epke epkee eplestone eplett epley eplin eplindene eplingden epmar epoigny epooyett epp eppart eppd eppe eppel eppel' eppelbaum
These sample scans are from the original record. You will get scans of the full pages or articles where the surname you searched for has been found.
Your web browser may prevent the sample windows from opening; in this case please change your browser settings to allow pop-up windows from this site.
Research your ancestry, family history, genealogy and one-name study by direct access to original records and archives indexed by surname.


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Engraved wooden music box Davy Jones Locket
Engraved Wooden Music Box
Material: 4mm birch plywood
Finish: Natural oak stain
This music box makes a great gift for any music lover.
Material: 4mm birch plywood
Size: WxHxD: 65x55x40mm (2.55"x2.16"x1.57")
Finish: Natural oak stain
Tune: Davy Jones Locket
Welcome to the wonderful world of crankshaft music boxes!
Original hand crank Music Box, just turn the handle and it will play this well-known tune.Try on wood or glass or different surfaces for a new sound.
This music box makes a great gift for any music lover.
The design is inspired by vintage storage boxes with track name engraving on the inside.
Note: due to the nature of wood grain, colours of the engraved areas vary to some degree as seen in the photograph.


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Received today. Fits nicely into my zippo case. I like the dual torch... not to much, not to little. Works great as soon as filled.
This might be the best lighter I've purchased. It fit into my old zippo and works great!
I have a pretty badass zippo, but I don't smoke cigarettes, only cigars. So I was looking for a option to swap my insert with a butane one and I found this one; decent price and fit perfectly. I recommend it with no doubt. Now I can use my badass zippo.
One word AWESOME!
Great price for a great lighter! Threw it right into my playboy zippo! Always wanted to use it to light my cigars, finally can with this butane insert to give me the perfect taste! Easy to fill and adjust. Great product and looks flawless in my zippo case. Definitely a head turner!
Very effective and lights up consistently. Works within and fits the Zippo perfectly.
Works perfectly! It didn't fit in one of my Zippo cases. I think it was because there is a matte coating on it, but it fit in the one I use most.
Put this in an old Zippo I have been using it over a year. I still love being able to flip that lid and then toast to perfection without worrying about it effecting the taste. I can get anywhere from 6-10 cigars depending on how impatient I am before refilling. I toast carefully almost every time.
I got this to fill a Zippo lighter my son got me for a birthday gift one year. Got it home and set it up works great, only thing, it is a small reservoir so you have to fill it more often that my bigger lighters. It works great, I have had no troubles with this product, love it!
This is the best torch lighter I have ever owned. The dual flames make quick work of toasting the foot and lighting a cigar. I had an old Zippo that I had carried for at least 20 years and the insert fit it like a glove. I just ordered a second!
Love it works great in high winds.
Great rebirth of an old Zippo! Just wanted to inform people of something I discovered. I don't see them now but a few of the old reviews said it would not light after the first fill. I found that if you run the lighter empty you must purge the tank of air first before you fill it. I use a tinny screw driver.
The dual flame setup of this lighter gets the job done! I had an old Zippo lying unused and figured I would put it back to use with this Z-Torch setup. Works like a charm and you can still get that "clink" notorious with opening a Zippo lighter.
This item did make my usually prompt deliveries take almost 3 weeks to get here but it was worth the wait. Only time will tell how well it holds up but so far I LOVE IT! It fits perfectly in both my favorite Zippo and an old beater I had laying around. Doesn't always light on the first try every time but I have Xikar that doesn't either. I love that it has two burners. I would seriously recommend for others and am thinking about getting some for gifts and replacements when mine goes out.
Awesome lighter....
Love it... Put it in an old zippo that was a gift back in 1998! Works like a charm and easy to fill.
This made it possible to turn any of my favorite Zippo lighters into an inexpensive dual flame cigar lighter. Make sure to adjust the flame so it is at least slightly above the minimum setting or else you may have trouble lighting up if you are running low on butane.
Works well so far.
What a great idea. I now can use my old Zippo lighter to light my cigars. The insert fits in perfectly and works like a charm. if you have your dad's or grand dads Zippo lighter from the wars to end all wars and you want to use it again, BUY this insert!!
Turned my gorgeous classic Zippo lighter into a gorgeous Zippo cigar torch. Works like a charm....Love it!
This is a great buy for the Zippo/cigar enthusiast. Bought one for myself and one as a gift for my friends birthday. I will most likely order another.
Does not work. cannot get it to light
Great addition to my zippo, looks and works great. Strong double flame.
I really like this lighter. It's easy to refill and has given me no troubles. I would highly recommend this to anyone who is looking for a lighter and has a Zippo case laying around.
Works awesome! Got this because each of my other butane lighters were simply refusing to light, and I'm using Vector butane. Got this and it lights everytime, can throw one heck of a flame, and is dual torch. Also has a pretty big reservoir for the fuel. Loving it so far and only $10.
This is a great product for anyone that owns a Zippo lighter and cherishes the sentiment of using an American icon. I have purchased no less than 10 of these for myself, family and friends and each recipient loves their Zippo insert as much as I do! A great product that works perfectly, at a fair price to boot!
Got my Z-Torch and it is great! Could not get it in and out of my Zippos so I had to sand it a bit, but a good tight fit now. If there was one way to make this well priced jewel better it would be clear plastic tank so the fluid could be seen.
Great piece of gear! This little torch lasts a good while on a fill up and the double flames light up any cigar quickly. Being able to put this into any Zippo lighter is a wonderful thing and the price is amazingly affordable.
I recently purchased one of these lighters expecting it might be too good to be true. I was proven wrong. Works great, exactly as advertised....
Does an excellent job lighting the cigar, no aftertaste as to be expected with butane; dependable, easy to use, and looks great in my zippo shell. I love having the style of a zippo with the efficiency of a butane torch. Excellent.
Functional and dependable. I love it.
Honestly, this is awesome! I have had my favorite zippo since the early 90's and it was nice to be able to dig it out of the box and put this in it. The resevoir isn't that big obviously but it's much much better than having to deal with lighter fluid.
Absolutely awesome lighter insert! Pulled out my old Zippo flint sparker and replaced it with this torch insert. No regrets and a head tilter amongst the smoke gang I hang out with. Especially when you hear the sound of the Zippo opening clink.....with a woosh of the torch lighting off instead of the traditional flame. Excellent product that is built well and slides in nice and snug in your favorite Zippo casing. I'm buying some as gifts for my smoke em up buddies.
Awesome product... can finally use my favorite lighter that my wife got me again... it burns good and looks good!!! thank you Jetline and CI for putting my favorite lighter back in my pocket!!


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I have already introduced you to this application, and i already told you about the porting process to Zend Framework 2 but that's not all. Since i finished the first version which only worked for Greek documents, i always wanted to add support for the English language and extend it further more.
So after a few weeks of work and research here it is with a brand new name, Sum+my, which stands for Summarization Methodology Yardstick.
Changelog v2.0
- Brand New Appearance based on Twitter Bootstrap
- Ported Application to Zend Framework 2.0
- Added Support for English Language
- Added Stemmer Test Page
- Fixed typos in the Greek Stemmer, improved accuracy a lot!
- Summaries are now cached, to avoid double posting, the links are by no means permanent!
It's probably the work i am most proud because it's so out of my element, so give it a try you might actually find it a great tool for everyday tasks and let me know if you have any ideas to improve it further or why not start adding support for more languages. For that you might also want to check the docs of the Sum+my


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Balluff's networking product line now includes a full I/O and RFID connectivity solution for a CC-Link fieldbus network. Typically, IP20 I/O modules reside in costly and bulky enclosures. Due to the need of terminating all I/O points, these solutions are very costly and labor intensive. This can be simplified by using Balluff IP67 CC-Link I/O modules and supporting cordsets by placing the modules near the concentration of sensors and actuators. The smaller footprint and ease of setup helps reduce installation material costs and labor, as well as decrease maintenance troubleshooting and repairs. The CC-Link features:
- Unique push-button display for easy configuration right at the block.
- IP67 metal housing.
- Ports that accept 2-wire or 3-wire inputs.
- A full range of network and auxiliary power cordsets.
- Full line of accessories.
- RFID data tracking.
- Support for both ISO 14443 and ISO 15693 13.56MHz based RFID data carriers.


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Watch Dogs Released 27/05/14**
Enter the open-world adventure of Watch Dogs where technology connects everything, and everyone. The power of the city is in your hands, how you choose to use that power is up to you!
Set in a near-future Chicago, technology - and personal information - is controlled and monitored by the ctOS - the Central Operating System. Into this world steps Aiden Pearce, a brilliant hacker and former thug, whose past led to a violent tragedy that changed him forever. Take control of Aiden and hunt down those who hurt you, using your cyber-skills to hack the city and get your revenge.
Experience an expansive Chicago powered by the new game engine, Disrupt, which creates a vivid, living city where each individual citizen has a unique identity and reacts intelligently to the world around them. With a world dependent and interlinked by technology, Watch Dogs presents an open playground for a brilliant hacker such as Aiden Pearce; everything connected to the citys ctOS can become your weapon, trap your enemies in a 30-car pileup by manipulating the traffic lights or create localised black outs to escape undetected! With over 65 vehicles to take control of and more than 30 weapons to master youll be sure to find a set-up that matches your preferred style of vengeance.
Experience exclusive content on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3 including 60 minutes of additional gameplay spread over 4 missions. Upon competition of these missions you'll receive access to a unique White Hacker Outfit and other exclusive rewards. If that wasn't enough you'll also receive a Hacking Boost to give you an advantage over your enemies in the game allowing you to extend your hacking possibilities!
Watch Dogs Review
Ubisoft's unique blend of stealth, action and sandbox come together in the interesting open world adventure of Watch Dogs. So whether you want to go in all guns blazing or sneak past your enemies, Watch Dogs gives you that all important power, choice.
GAME's Verdict - 8/10
**The Wii U version of Watch Dogs will be available in 21/11/2014.