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2015 Speakers
2015 Partners
2015 Talks
TEDxOrlando 2013
TEDxOrlando 2012
TEDxOrlando 2011
TEDxOrlando 2010
TEDxOrlando Talks Library
TEDxOrlando Blog
Aubrie Campbell Canfield: Filmmaker, Educator, World Traveler
Aubrie Campbell Canfield is co-founder and executive producer at Actuality Media, an educational organization that takes emerging filmmakers to developing communities around the world to tell stories about changemakers. Born and raised in Orlando, Florida, Aubrie was home-schooled through her formative years and graduated Cum Laude from the University of Miami with a Bachelor of Science in Communication. After several years of avidly pursuing a career in Hollywood, she discovered her love of documentary and chose a more rewarding path. With a passion for learning about different sub-cultures, she has lived and traveled through North America, Europe, Asia and Africa for both business and pleasure.
Aubrey de Grey: Biomedical Gerontologist
Aubrey de Grey is the Chief Science Officer of SENS Research Foundation, a California-based 501(c)(3) charity dedicated to combating the aging process. His research interests encompass the characterization of all the accumulating, and eventually pathogenic, molecular and cellular side-effects of metabolism ("damage") that constitute mammalian aging — and the design of interventions to repair and/or obviate that damage. His plan for such repair, termed Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS), breaks aging down into seven major classes of damage and identifies detailed approaches to addressing each one. He is a Fellow of both the Gerontological Society of America and the American Aging Association, and sits on the editorial and scientific advisory boards of numerous journals and organizations.
James L. Herdt: Veteran's Advocate
James L. Herdt retired from the US Navy, after 35 years of military service, as a 9th Master Chief Petty Officer – the highest enlisted rank attainable. Together with peers from the four other military branches, he formed Pinnacle Five, an organization dedicated to reframing perception of veterans' potential once they've returned home. James is also CEO of Herdt Consulting, where he assists clients with a range of complex business and organizational challenges. He is "triple qualified" (authorized to wear the Enlisted Aviation Warfare Specialist, Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist, and Enlisted Submarine Warfare Specialist breast insignias); certified as a Master Training Specialist; and serves on the board of the U.S. Navy Memorial, the Association of the United States Navy (AUSN) Board and the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) Alumni Board.
Theodore R. Johnson: Writer, Naval Officer, White House Fellow
Theodore R. Johnson is an active duty military officer who believes in the power of personal narrative and the lessons our lives have for society. Raised in North Carolina, he holds a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Hampton University and a master's degree from Harvard University. He recently spent a year as a White House Fellow learning about the enormous challenges that our nation faces. His belief in the greatness of the American idea is evidenced by his 15 years of military service and his newfound passion for writing on tough national issues, by exploring lessons learned from the inspiring stories of its citizens.
Jessica Eson King: Researcher
Jessica Eson King has a graduate degree in Applied Sociology and a passion for making knowledge accessible. Her powerful commitment to service leadership is self-evident in her many activities, which range from advanced leadership training at Valencia College's Leadership Academy to playing a key role in organizing Orlando's Mini Maker Faire. She is also an active member of FamiLAB, Orlando's hackerspace; a member of the Junior League of Greater Orlando; and a volunteer for Orange County Animal Services.
Amber Larkin: Mom, Pediatric Cancer Activist
Amber Larkin's journey into a world where no hope was given for her son, Noah, and countless other children diagnosed with brain cancer, energized her to change the face of pediatric cancer research. She co-founded Noah's Light Foundation, which supports visionary research to cure pediatric brain cancer and aims to fulfill the promise of adding nearly 70 years to the lives of these children. Amber's passion to cure children with brain cancer has taken her all over the United States and to several countries to locate the best researchers in their fields. She hopes to see the end of pediatric cancer within her lifetime, and based on recent evidence, believes she will.
Matt Lavery: Education Activist
Matt Lavery became a sixth grade teacher to make a difference in the lives of children and to help them achieve their best. Three years ago he left the profession he loved to pursue a doctoral degree in the hopes of making a positive difference for even more students. A scholar of assessment and statistical methods, Matt strives to help classroom teachers analyze their own classroom assessment data to inform their own professional growth.
Philip T. Metzger: Research Physicist and Planetary Scientist
Philip Metzger is a senior research physicist / planetary scientist at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, where he co-founded and leads the Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations Laboratory, part of the KSC Swamp Works. He performs research into the physics of soil and ice on solar system bodies, and he leads projects to develop space mining robotics, space resource utilization methods, lunar and martian landing pads, and other planetary surface technologies. He leads the Agency's work in rocket blast effects for human-class missions. He has participated in architecture studies for the Lunar Architecture Team, the Mars Architecture Team and the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group. He co-founded NASA's biannual Workshop on Granular Materials in Solar System Exploration and is a founding member of the ASCE Technical Committee for Regolith Operations, Mobility and Robotics. He received the astronaut's Silver Snoopy award in 2010 and was selected as the Kennedy Space Center's NASA Scientist/Engineer of the Year for 2011.
As a NASA employee on furlough, Dr. Metzger will not be able to speak if the Federal government remains unfunded.
Laurel Morgan: Violinist
Laurel Morgan is a composer, performer and teaching artist. Her musical interests include a variety of alternative strings styles ranging from jazz to fiddle to Americana, and she is an active composer for her violin/cello duo
The Wires
, which explores unconventional avenues for string sound. She was a lead songwriter and violinist for the folk-rock band
In the Pines
, has toured with various projects and orchestras across Europe and Asia, played with the Des Moines Symphony and the international Mantovani Pops Orchestra, and done extensive recording work for various entities including Hallmark, Universal Studios, and the Heart of America Shakespeare festival.
with Chel O'Reilly
Chel O'Reilly: Writer
Chel O'Reilly's passions include storytelling, language, people, and connection. A natural organizer, she loves to arrange words and bring strangers together to become friends. Her first book,
Optimists Write Love Letters
, is due out in December. Other projects include a first novel and
Not Picture Here
, a collaboration with artists and writers to create portraits of the "most beautiful people" as defined by actions rather than physical appearances. Chel helped create one of the first TEDx salon events in the country, advises on TEDx events internationally, and has coached speakers for both the TED main stage and TEDx stages. She is a social media maven, a blogger, an editor, a contributing writer for Hallmark.com and a ghostwriter for many miscellaneous others.
with Laurel Morgan
Jeffery Redding: Choral Director
Jeffery Redding is passionate about finding unity through music. Currently choral director at West Virginia University, he has conducted over 300 honor choirs and all-state choirs in 30 states, demonstrating a commitment to crossing boundaries and diversity. His list of international awards, credentials, and honors – which includes directing the Mormon Tabernacle choir, directing at Carnegie Hall (four times), and directing at Lincoln Center, among many others — is testimony to his vision. He has created a global community of performers united in the belief that music is a powerful change agent.
Jeffery is a graduate of Jones High School, the first public school for African Americans in Orlando. Jones was established in 1895 and has a reputation for excellence; many of its alumni have distinguished themselves in the arts, sciences, sports, and public sector.
Kyle Taylor: Molecular Biologist
Kyle Taylor was born and raised in the great state of Kansas, where his love of plants evolved out of an interest in the agriculture all around him. This led him to study biochemistry as an undergraduate and then go on to a Ph.D. in Cell and Molecular Biology from Stanford University.
Not too bad for a rural country boy! Since a lot of people helped him along the way, he's driven to share his passion and excitement by making what he does more accessible. Kyle teaches Molecular Cell Biology at Biocurious, a Bay Area hackerspace for biotech, and is on a team that raised $484,000 for the Glowing Plant Kickstarter project.
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What does the car of the future look like?
Automated driving
One of the major trends in the automotive sector is automated driving. In the future, the connectivity of intelligent technologies will ensure that, on an increasing number of routes, the task of driving will be taken over by the vehicle's electronics. In keeping with our slogan "The Future in Motion," we are passionately working on making this vision a reality for all vehicle classes. Will we see resource-efficient "driverless cars" and how much longer will development take? Find out more about the trend of automated driving.
Electric mobility
How can we design vehicles to be even more efficient through the increasing connectivity of electrification and existing power transmission technology as well as the use of software and an intelligent mix of materials? We are working on sustainable, customized mobility for everyone. One way to do this is with modular, energy-saving clean mobility solutions for all vehicle classes. Find out more about electric mobility and the associated ongoing electrification.
Accidents should be a thing of the past. Given the steadily increasing volume of traffic, the issue of safety in the automotive industry is becoming a key challenge for society, industry, and politicians. Discover how Continental is increasing vehicle safety with its products.
Entire industries are changing with and through digitalization, while car drivers are demanding even more from their vehicles. In addition to vehicle dynamics and consumption, the perceived intelligence, comfort, and convenience of the car also play a significant role. Cars are even becoming intelligent enough to understand what drivers want to do by tracking their eye movements. For over 100 years, Continental has been helping vehicle manufacturers around the world make driving enjoyable not only in premium and mid-size vehicles but also in small vehicle classes. Find out about Continental's technologies and solutions that contribute to intelligent comfort and convenience systems in cars thanks to digitalization.
Inform and entertain
Drivers should receive as much information as necessary, but as little as possible. This also includes low-distraction integration of the latest smartphone functions in all vehicle classes. Continental is therefore always working on innovative technologies from the field of information and entertainment, with the aim of ensuring a holistic human-machine dialogue. Find out more about the possibilities of infotainment in cars, trucks, and two-wheelers.

subset: commoncrawl


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Medieval Warm Period
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that may also have been related to other climate events around the world during that time, including China[1] and other areas,[2][3] lasting from about AD 950 to 1250.[4] It was followed by a cooler period in the North Atlantic termed the Little Ice Age. Some refer to the event as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly as this term emphasizes that effects other than temperature were important.[5][6]
Despite uncertainties, especially for the period prior to 1600 for which data are scarce, the warmest period of the last 2,000 years prior to the 20th century very likely occurred between 950 and 1100. Proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions, indicating that the Medieval Warm Period was not a time of globally uniform change.[7] Temperatures in some regions matched or exceeded recent temperatures in these regions, but globally the Medieval Warm Period was cooler than recent global temperatures.[4] Temperatures were probably between 0.1 °C and 0.2 °C below the 1961 to 1990 mean and significantly below the level shown by instrumental data after 1980.
Possible causes of the Medieval Warm Period include increased solar activity, decreased volcanic activity, and changes to ocean circulation.[8]
Initial research
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) is generally thought to have occurred from about AD 950–1250, during the European Middle Ages.[4] In 1965 Hubert Lamb, one of the first paleoclimatologists, published research based on data from botany, historical document research and meteorology combined with records indicating prevailing temperature and rainfall in England around 1200 and around 1600. He proposed that "Evidence has been accumulating in many fields of investigation pointing to a notably warm climate in many parts of the world, that lasted a few centuries around A.D. 1000–1200, and was followed by a decline of temperature levels till between 1500 and 1700 the coldest phase since the last ice age occurred."[9]
The warm period became known as the MWP, and the cold period was called the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, this view was questioned by other researchers; the IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the "Medieval Warm Period around 1000 AD (which may not have been global) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century."[10] The IPCC Third Assessment Report from 2001 summarised research at that time, saying "…current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this time frame, and the conventional terms of 'Little Ice Age' and 'Medieval Warm Period' appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries".[11] Global temperature records taken from ice cores, tree rings, and lake deposits, have shown that, taken globally, the Earth may have been slightly cooler (by 0.03 degrees Celsius) during the 'Medieval Warm Period' than in the early and mid-20th century.[12][13]
Palaeoclimatologists developing region-specific climate reconstructions of past centuries conventionally label their coldest interval as "LIA" and their warmest interval as the "MWP".[12][14] Others follow the convention and when a significant climate event is found in the "LIA" or "MWP" time frames, associate their events to the period. Some "MWP" events are thus wet events or cold events rather than strictly warm events, particularly in central Antarctica where climate patterns opposite to the North Atlantic area have been noticed.
By world region
Evidence exists across the world, often very sparsely, for changes in climatic conditions over time. Some of the "warm period" events documented below are actually "dry periods" or "wet periods."[15]
A 2009 study by Michael Mann et al. examining spatial patterns of surface temperatures shown in multi-proxy reconstructions finds that the MWP shows "warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally."[4] Their reconstruction of MWP pattern is characterised by warmth over large part of North Atlantic, Southern Greenland, the Eurasian Arctic, and parts of North America which appears to substantially exceed that of the late 20th century (1961–1990) baseline and is comparable or exceeds that of the past one-to-two decades in some regions. Certain regions such as central Eurasia, northwestern North America, and (with less confidence) parts of the South Atlantic, exhibit anomalous coolness.
North Atlantic
Lloyd D. Keigwin's 1996 study of radiocarbon-dated box core data from marine sediments in the Sargasso Sea found that the sea surface temperature there was approximately 1 °C (1.8 °F) cooler approximately 400 years ago (the Little Ice Age) and 1700 years ago, and approximately 1 °C warmer 1000 years ago (the Medieval Warm Period).[16]
Using sediment samples from Puerto Rico, the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic Coast from Florida to New England, Mann et al. (2009) found consistent evidence of a peak in North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during the Medieval Warm Period followed by a subsequent lull in activity.[17]
Through retrieval and isotope analysis of marine cores and examination of mollusc growth patterns from Iceland, Patterson et al were able to reconstruct a mollusc growth record at a decadal resolution from the Roman Warm Period through the Medieval Warm Period and into the Little Ice Age.[18]
North America
The 2009 Mann et al. study found warmth exceeding 1961–1990 levels in Southern Greenland and parts of North America during the Medieval climate anomaly (defined for this purpose as 950 to 1250) with warmth in some regions exceeding temperatures of the 1990–2010 period. Much of the Northern hemisphere showed significant cooling during the Little Ice Age (defined for the purpose as 1400 to 1700) but Labrador and isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period.[4]
Norse colonization of the Americas has been associated with warmer periods. Popular books say that Vikings took advantage of ice-free seas to colonize areas in Greenland and other outlying lands of the far north [19] but this has been challenged.[20] Around 1000 AD the climate was sufficiently warm for the Vikings to journey to Newfoundland and establish a short-lived European outpost.[21]
From around 985 AD Vikings founded the Eastern Settlement and Western Settlement, both near the southern tip of Greenland. In the colony's early stages they kept cattle, sheep, and goats, with around a quarter of their diet from seafood. After the climate became colder and stormier around 1250 their diet steadily shifted towards ocean sources; by around 1300 seal hunting provided over three quarters of their food. By mid century there was reduced demand for their exports and trade with Europe fell away. The last document from the settlements dates from 1412, and over the following decades the remaining Europeans left in what seems to have been a gradual withdrawal mostly due to economic factors such as increased availability of farms in Scandinavian countries.[22]
In Chesapeake Bay (modern day Maryland and Virginia in the United States), researchers found large temperature excursions (changes from the mean temperature of that time) during the Medieval Warm Period (about 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (about 1400–1700, with cold periods persisting into the early 20th century), possibly related to changes in the strength of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation.[23] Sediments in Piermont Marsh of the lower Hudson Valley show a dry Medieval Warm period from AD 800–1300.[24]
Prolonged droughts affected many parts of the western United States and especially eastern California and the west of Great Basin.[12][25] Alaska experienced three time intervals of comparable warmth: AD 1–300, 850–1200, and post-1800.[26] Knowledge of the North American Medieval Warm Period has been useful in dating occupancy periods of certain Native American habitation sites, especially in arid parts of the western U.S.[27][28] Review of more recent archaeological research shows that as the search for signs of unusual cultural changes during the MWP has broadened, some of these early patterns (for example, violence and health problems) have been found to be more complicated and regionally varied than previously thought while others (for example, settlement disruption, deterioration of long distance trade, and population movements) have been further corroborated.[29]
Other regions
The climate in equatorial east Africa has alternated between drier than today, and relatively wet. The drier climate took place during the Medieval Warm Period (~AD 1000–1270).[30]
A sediment core from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, preserves climatic events in the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period.[31] The core shows a distinctly cold period about AD 1000–1100, illustrating that during the "warm" period there were, regionally, periods of both warmth and cold.
Corals in the tropical Pacific Ocean suggest that relatively cool, dry conditions may have persisted early in the millennium, consistent with a La Niña-like configuration of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation patterns.[32] Although there is an extreme scarcity of data from Australia (for both the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age) evidence from wave-built shingle terraces for a permanently full Lake Eyre[33] during the 9th and 10th centuries is consistent with this La Niña-like configuration, though of itself inadequate to show how lake levels varied from year to year or what climatic conditions elsewhere in Australia were like.
The MWP has been noted in Chile in a 1500-year lake bed sediment core,[34] as well as in the Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador.[35]
Adhikari and Kumon (2001), whilst investigating sediments in Lake Nakatsuna in central Japan, finding a warm period from AD 900 to 1200 that corresponded to the Medieval Warm Period and three cool phases, of which two could be related to the Little Ice Age.[36] Another research in northeastern Japan shows that there is one warm/humid interval from AD 750 to 1200, and two cold/dry intervals from AD 1 to 750 and 1200 to present.[37] Ge et al. studied temperatures in China during the past 2000 years; they found high uncertainty prior to the 16th century but good consistency over the last 500 years, highlighted by the two cold periods 1620s–1710s and 1800s–1860s, and the warming during the 20th century. They also found that the warming during the 10–14th centuries in some regions might be comparable in magnitude to the warming of the last few decades of the 20th century which was unprecedented within the past 500 years.[38]
A 1979 study from the University of Waikato found that "Temperatures derived from an 18O/16O profile through a stalagmite found in a New Zealand cave (40.67°S, 172.43°E) suggested the Medieval Warm Period to have occurred between AD 1050 and 1400 and to have been 0.75 °C warmer than the Current Warm Period."[39] The MWP has also been evidenced in New Zealand by an 1100-year tree-ring record.[40]
A reconstruction based on ice cores found the Medieval Warm Period could be distinguished in tropical South America from about 1050 to 1300, followed in the 15th century by the Little Ice Age. Peak temperatures did not rise as high as those from the late 20th century, which were unprecedented in the area during the study period going back around 1600 years.[41]
See also
- Description of the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age in IPCC reports
- Historical climatology
- Holocene climatic optimum
- Hockey stick graph
- Paleoclimatology
- ↑ Li, H.; Ku, T. (2002). "Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Periods in Eastern China as Read from the Speleothem Records". American Geophysical Union. 71: 09. Bibcode:2002AGUFMPP71C..09L.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Grove, Jean M.; Switsur, Roy (1994). "Glacial geological evidence for the medieval warm period". Climatic Change. 26 (2–3): 143. doi:10.1007/BF01092411.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Diaz, Henry F.; Hughes, M. (1994). The Medieval warm period. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 134. ISBN 0-7923-2842-6.
6.2 Evidence for a Medieval Warm EpochCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Mann, M. E.; Zhang, Z.; Rutherford, S.; et al. (2009). "Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly". Science. 326 (5957): 1256–60. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1256M. doi:10.1126/science.1177303. PMID 19965474.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bradley, Raymond S. (2003). "Climate of the Last Millennium" (PDF). Climate System Research Center.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy (1971). Times of Feast, Times of Famine: a History of Climate Since the Year 1000. Farrar Straus & Giroux. ISBN 0-374-52122-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>[page needed]
- ↑ Solomon, Susan Snell; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). "6.6 The Last 2,000 Years". Climate change 2007: the physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ISBN 0-521-70596-7.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Box 6.4
- ↑ http://www.skepticalscience.com/medieval-warm-period.htm
- ↑ Lamb, H.H. (1965). "The early medieval warm epoch and its sequel". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1: 13. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(65)90004-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ IPCC First Assessment Report Working Group 1 report, Executive Summary p. 199
- ↑ Folland, C.K.; Karl, T.R.; Christy, J.R.; et al. (2001). "2.3.3 Was there a "Little Ice Age" and a "Medieval Warm Period"?"". In Houghton, J.T.; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D.J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden; Dai; Maskell; Johnson (eds.). Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Change 2001. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 881. ISBN 0-521-80767-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Bradley, R. S.; Hughes, MK; Diaz, HF (2003). "CLIMATE CHANGE: Climate in Medieval Time". Science. 302 (5644): 404–5. doi:10.1126/science.1090372. PMID 14563996.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Crowley, Thomas J.; Lowery, Thomas S. (2000). "How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period?". AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. 29: 51. doi:10.1579/0044-7447-29.1.51.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jones, P. D.; Mann, M. E. (2004). "Climate over past millennia". Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (2): 2002. Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2002J. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mann, Michael E. (May 2010). "What we can learn from studying the last millennium (or so)". RealClimate.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Keigwin, L. D. (1996). "The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in the Sargasso Sea". Science. 274 (5292): 1503. doi:10.1126/science.274.5292.1504.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mann, Michael E.; Woodruff, Jonathan D.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Zhang, Zhihua (2009). "Atlantic hurricanes and climate over the past 1,500 years". Nature. 460 (7257): 880–3. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..880M. doi:10.1038/nature08219. PMID 19675650.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Patterson, W. P.; Dietrich, K. A.; Holmden, C.; Andrews, J. T. (2010). "Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (12): 5306–10. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5306P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902522107. PMC 2851789. PMID 20212157.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Diamond, Jared (2005). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303655-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>[page needed]
- ↑ http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/3266
- ↑ Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). "The Excavation of a Norse Settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland". In Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine Ingstad (ed.). The Viking Discovery of America. New York: Checkmark. pp. 141–169. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2. OCLC 46683692.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stockinger, Günther (10 January 2012). "Archaeologists Uncover Clues to Why Vikings Abandoned Greenland". Der Spiegel Online. Retrieved 12 January 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th Century Temperature Variability from Chesapeake Bay". USGS. Retrieved 2006-05-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Marshes Tell Story Of Medieval Drought, Little Ice Age, And European Settlers Near New York City". Earth Observatory News. May 19, 2005. Retrieved 2006-05-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stine, Scott (1994). "Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during mediaeval time". Nature. 369 (6481): 546. Bibcode:1994Natur.369..546S. doi:10.1038/369546a0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hu, F. S. (2001). "Pronounced climatic variations in Alaska during the last two millennia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (19): 10552. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810552H. doi:10.1073/pnas.181333798.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dean, Jeffrey S. (1994). "The medieval warm period on the southern Colorado Plateau". Climatic Change. 26 (2–3): 225. doi:10.1007/BF01092416.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Los Osos Back Bay, Megalithic Portal, editor A. Burnham.
- ↑ Jones, Terry L.; Schwitalla, Al (2008). "Archaeological perspectives on the effects of medieval drought in prehistoric California". Quaternary International. 188: 41. Bibcode:2008QuInt.188...41J. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.07.007.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Drought In West Linked To Warmer Temperatures". Earth Observatory News. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2006-05-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Khim, B.; Yoon, Ho Il; Kang, Cheon Yun; Bahk, Jang Jun (2002). "Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula". Quaternary Research. 58 (3): 234. Bibcode:2002QuRes..58..234K. doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2371.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Cobb, Kim M.; Chris Charles; Hai Cheng; R. Lawrence Edwards (July 8, 2003). "The Medieval Cool Period And The Little Warm Age In The Central Tropical Pacific? Fossil Coral Climate Records Of The Last Millennium". The Climate of the Holocene (ICCI) 2003. Archived from the original on August 25, 2004. Retrieved 2006-05-04.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Allen, Robert J. (1985). The Australasian Summer Monsoon, Teleconnections, and Flooding in the Lake Eyre Basin. Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, S.A. Branch. ISBN 0-909112-09-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>[page needed]
- ↑ Fletcher, M-S.; Moreno, P.I. (16 July 2012). "Vegetation, climate and fire regime changes in the Andean region of southern Chile (38°S) covaried with centennial-scale climate anomalies in the tropical Pacific over the last 1500 years". Quaternary Science Reviews. 46: 46–56. Bibcode:2012QSRv...46...46F. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.016.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Ledru, M.-P.; Jomelli, V.; Samaniego, P.; Vuille, M.; Hidalgo, S.; Herrera, M.; Ceron, C. (2013). "The Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in the eastern Ecuadorian Andes". Climate of the Past 9 (1): 307-321. doi:10.5194/cp-9-307-2013
- ↑ Adhikari, D. P.; Kumon, F. (2001). "Climatic changes during the past 1300 years as deduced from the sediments of Lake Nakatsuna, central Japan". Limnology. 2 (3): 157. doi:10.1007/s10201-001-8031-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Yamada, Kazuyoshi; Kamite, Masaki; Saito-Kato, Megumi; Okuno, Mitsuru; Shinozuka, Yoshitsugu; Yasuda, Yoshinori (2010). "Late Holocene monsoonal-climate change inferred from Lakes Ni-no-Megata and San-no-Megata, northeastern Japan". Quaternary International. 220: 122. Bibcode:2010QuInt.220..122Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Ge, Q.-S.; Zheng, J.-Y.; Hao, Z.-X.; Shao, X.-M.; Wang, Wei-Chyung; Luterbacher, Juerg (2010). "Temperature variation through 2000 years in China: An uncertainty analysis of reconstruction and regional difference". Geophysical Research Letters. 37 (3): 03703. Bibcode:2010GeoRL..3703703G. doi:10.1029/2009GL041281.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Wilson, A. T.; Hendy, C. H.; Reynolds, C. P. (1979). "Short-term climate change and New Zealand temperatures during the last millennium". Nature. 279 (5711): 315. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..315W. doi:10.1038/279315a0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Cook, Edward R.; Palmer, Jonathan G.; d'Arrigo, Rosanne D. (2002). "Evidence for a 'Medieval Warm Period' in a 1,100 year tree-ring reconstruction of past austral summer temperatures in New Zealand". Geophysical Research Letters. 29 (14): 12. Bibcode:2002GeoRL..29n..12C. doi:10.1029/2001GL014580.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kellerhals, T.; Brütsch, S.; Sigl, M.; Knüsel, S.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Schwikowski, M. (2010). "Ammonium concentration in ice cores: A new proxy for regional temperature reconstruction?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 115. Bibcode:2010JGRD..11516123K. doi:10.1029/2009JD012603.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Further reading
- Hughes, Malcolm K.; Diaz, Henry F. (1994). "Was there a 'medieval warm period', and if so, where and when?". Climatic Change. 26 (2–3): 109–42. doi:10.1007/BF01092410.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Fagan, Brian (2000). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300–1850. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02272-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Fagan, Brian (2009). The Great Warming: Climate Change and the Rise and Fall of Civilizations. Bloomsbury Publishing.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Lamb, Hubert (1995). Climate, History, and the Modern World: Second Edition. Routledge.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Vinther, B.M.; Jones, P.D.; Briffa, K.R.; Clausen, H.B.; Andersen, K.K.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Johnsen, S.J. (2010). "Climatic signals in multiple highly resolved stable isotope records from Greenland". Quaternary Science Reviews. 29 (3–4): 522–38. Bibcode:2010QSRv...29..522V. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.002.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Staff members at NOAA Paleoclimatology (19 May 2000). The "Medieval Warm Period". A Paleo Perspective...on Global Warming. NOAA Paleoclimatology.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medieval Warm Period.
- HistoricalClimatology.com, further links and resources, updated 2015
- Climate History Network, network of historical climatologists, updated 2015
- The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period at American Geophysical Union


text:
Welcome to Blackboard's Privacy Center
Our Privacy Center provides an overview of our Data Privacy Program and our approach to data privacy. We also have additional helpful data privacy information on the following pages:
- The Privacy Statement details how we use personal information.
- The California Privacy Notice provides information for California consumers that use our products and services when we are acting as a business.
- The Cookie Statement explains our use of cookies.
- The Privacy Shield Statement provides information on our EU‑U.S. Privacy Shield certification.
- The explains our approach to the GDPR.
- The Data Privacy and Security group (available in English only) on Blackboard Community has regular contributions from us and the community.
Our data privacy program & approach
We care about privacy. We believe that privacy is a fundamental right for all individuals. Our clients entrust us with the personal information of their employees and their users, who are often students. We take the obligations that are attached to this information very seriously.
Data privacy and security have therefore been long-standing key priorities of Blackboard. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was an opportunity to further strengthen our existing data privacy practices and formalize them as part of a global data privacy program led by our Global Privacy Officer.
Our approach to data privacy has always been client-focused. We understand the challenges our clients face. Our Data Privacy Program is designed to help them with their data privacy compliance.
We are EU-U.S. Privacy Shield certified, a proud signatory of the Privacy Pledge, and a member of the Future of Privacy Forum.
Privacy by design
As it becomes more and more challenging in today's world for individuals to maintain control over their information, privacy by design and accountability become increasingly important to maintain the trust of individuals, clients, and regulators and to document how an organization complies with the GDPR. Privacy by design is therefore at the heart of our Data Privacy Program.
For Blackboard this is an evolution rather than a revolution. We have always conducted legal reviews of new products and practices. With our privacy by design approach we are formalizing and better documenting these reviews.
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We have a multi-layered and redundant approach to data transfer compliance. This means we address data transfer requirements via multiple avenues to ensure personal information is adequately protected:
- Regional hosting: We have a regional hosting strategy with almost all products hosted in the EU and other products planned to be moved to regional hosting solutions. While regional storage is not required by the GDPR and we do not think that data localization leads to better data privacy or security, we understand that many EU clients prefer their data to be stored in the EU.
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It is important to understand that while personal information of clients is stored in these data centers for most of the products (including Learn 9.1, Learn SaaS and Collaborate) for EU clients, access to this data from outside the EU/EEA may be required to provide the products and services, e.g. for 24/7-support. Such data transfers are allowed thanks to the mentioned Privacy Shield certification and model clauses.
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We use vendors to help us provide our products and services or to perform work on our behalf. Where this requires access to personal information, we are responsible for the data privacy practices of the vendors. Our vendors must abide by our strict data privacy and security requirements and instructions. They are not allowed to use personal information they access or receive from us for any other purposes than as needed to carry out their work for us.
We employ a variety of physical, administrative, and technological safeguards designed to protect personal information against loss, misuse, and unauthorized access or disclosure. We have dedicated information security programs and work hard to continuously enhance our technical and operational security measures.
Our measures consider the sensitivity of the information we collect, use, and store, and the current state of technology. Our security measures include data encryption, firewalls, data use, and access limitations for our personnel and vendors and physical access controls to our facilities.
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This content was last updated on April 7, 2020.


text:
Shakespeare's line "The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers" has become something of a rallying cry for those who say there are simply too many lawyers. But last summer, when I reread Henry IV, I realized that the line had been taken badly out of context. In fact, Shakespeare is not suggesting that lawyers are bad, but rather that if a monarch or despot wants to destroy our freedoms, then the first thing he should do is kill all the lawyers.
I considered that role of lawyers as protectors of our freedoms this past Saturday as I sat through the Maine Law School graduation at Merrill Auditorium. No, I did not have a son or daughter in the graduating class. Rather, I went to hear my good friend from college, Mara Liasson, longtime political correspondent at National Public Radio, speak.
As Mara quickly informed the crowd, she is not a lawyer (though she confessed to be married to one). So she drew laughs when, paraphrasing the immortal Admiral James Stockdale, Ross Perot's running mate in 1992, she asked the assembled graduates and their families, "Who am I? And what am I doing here?"
Turns out that Mara, like two of the speakers who preceded her—James Erwin, an employment law attorney at Pierce Atwood who is on the Maine Board of Regents, and Theo Kalikow, the President of the University of Southern Maine—had been reading the same book. A book called "The Lawyer Bubble," about the glut of lawyers on the market and whether law schools unnecessarily were admitting too many attorney wannabes and then saddling them with enormous debt and little chance of real job prospects.
It's a fair question given that so many law school graduates have had a hard time finding jobs. And I must admit I was shocked when I learned that a former colleague of mine had left law school $150,000 in debt. That's way too much money to owe when you're 25 years old—and it practically forces law school grads who might want to represent the poor and underprivileged from taking low paying public interest jobs at Legal Aid and the public defender's office.
Still, the Maine Law graduation moved me. The 90-odd graduates and their families had good reason to be proud of their accomplishments, and there was hope of a future ahead dedicated to making Maine a better place to live and work.
So, while we can—and should—debate whether we need 90 more lawyers, and whether a legal education has gotten to be too expensive, let's also remember that the legal profession is the bulwark of our unparalleled free society. And we can count on the fact that whether all 90 grads ultimately work as attorneys, they will put the skills they learned in law school to good use protecting our freedoms. Congratulations, Maine Law grads—and welcome to the profession.
If you believe your rights have been violated, contact us.


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The second layer is a yummy cream cheese layer and over that, the pudding. On top goes the rest of the whipped topping, or even whipped cream, if desired. I normally top that with some chocolate shavings, mini chocolate chips, chopped nuts, or some cocoa lightly sifted over the top, to give it a nice finish. It's so good and is one of my children's favorite desserts of their childhood!
Sunday, September 13, 2009
Four Layer Pudding Dessert (Family Recipes)
The second layer is a yummy cream cheese layer and over that, the pudding. On top goes the rest of the whipped topping, or even whipped cream, if desired. I normally top that with some chocolate shavings, mini chocolate chips, chopped nuts, or some cocoa lightly sifted over the top, to give it a nice finish. It's so good and is one of my children's favorite desserts of their childhood!
36 comments:
mmmmmm..this looks really rich and delish..ReplyDelete
I would enjoy this...I also like stawberry short cakeReplyDelete
I have had this with many different flavors also and it is delicious! Thank you for participating Lynda! :-)ReplyDelete
Wow, I love all the different flavors together! And the layering is really pretty!ReplyDelete
YUM! This looks so good...I want to try it with pistchio :DReplyDelete
That looks so good. I know I will just have to try that. My family would love this!ReplyDelete
I am drooling over here! Looks fantastic!ReplyDelete
I have made this several times in the past, but need to make this one again soon.ReplyDelete
Mt favorite childhood dessert was my mom's pineapple upside down cake.
- AnonymousSeptember 14, 2009 at 8:12 AM
This sounds scrumptious, what a decadent pudding dessert, loving the four delicious layers!ReplyDelete
this is full of win--it's a looker, the textures sound like they contrast wonderfully, and i love the potential for variations!ReplyDelete
Ohh my gosh that looks amazing, I am going to have to try this one! I guess my childhood dessert favorite would be Apple Pie!ReplyDelete
That looks delicious. I think my Mom used to make something like it. My favorite family recipe is my Mom's Pumpkin pie.ReplyDelete
Oh my my - I love anything with chocolate pudding! Can't wait to make this one - yummy!!ReplyDelete
What a fantastic dessert. It really looks amazing.ReplyDelete
Wow - what a delicious dessert. It looks so rich and creamy.ReplyDelete
Yummie! What a combination of flavors!ReplyDelete
I just found your blog and I love it! You've got so many interesting recipes :)ReplyDelete
-Mini Baker
A fabulous dessert for any family gathering! I know my boys would be crazy for it!ReplyDelete
You did an amazing job cutting a perfect slice! It looks fantastic!ReplyDelete
OH MY GOSH! Will you look at this treasure!!! I've never seen or heard of this, where have I been?! This looks super!ReplyDelete
This looks sooo yummmy! My favorite dessert from childhood is the same as now...ice cream! My dad used to let me have it for breakfast instead of a glass of milk. :-) I needed the calories back then but its hard to break the habit as I still have it for breakfast on occassion.ReplyDelete
I ADORE these layered pudding recipes! Childhood favorite? Who knows! There are far too many to choose from.ReplyDelete
When you say: 1 stick melted butterReplyDelete
How many is it? because there're of 100g, 200g, even 500g! Thanks!!
Lala, 1 stick of butter here is 4 ounces, or 1/4 pound, or 8 tablespoons, or 1/2 cup. The stick also says 113.4g. I hope this helps! I didn't think about so many different measures!ReplyDelete
Thanks for visiting.
where I live there're many measures :)ReplyDelete
- Roberta SkrypakApril 24, 2010 at 7:32 PM
Linda, My mother-in-law made this recipe for years and it it absolutely delicious! The only difference, she used Lorne Dune cookies(crushed) for the crust. She has passed away and I couldn't find the recipe and I have looked forever.I stumbled on to your site and I can't tell you how happy I was to find this recipe. I am planning on taking this dessert to a family reunion in June. Thank you ever so much! ~Roberta~ReplyDelete
Roberta, I'm so glad you found my recipe! So many times we do lose those recipes that we hold dear when loved one pass away. So glad you visisted!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 11, 2011 at 5:57 PM
I remember making this back in the 80's. It was with Lemon pudding and it was called Lemon Lush !!ReplyDelete
Oh my, and I think I will have a little of this!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 22, 2011 at 9:05 PM
I use Oreo cookie crumbs for the crust and a package of vanilla pudding and a package of chocolate pudding with a little almond extract as the third layer. Also better if real whipped cream is used instead of Cool Whip. One of my most requested desserts.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 16, 2012 at 3:03 PM
I made this just a few weeks ago for the first time - the only difference was that I used a family-sized package of brownies (prepared and baked according to directions on the box) as the crust. It was amazing, and my husband was especially excited since he remembered it from his childhood.ReplyDelete
- rifkajameelMay 8, 2012 at 1:05 PM
wow,i made it it"s very harmfulReplyDelete
What size of instant pudding? The small or large box?ReplyDelete
What size of the instant pudding - large or small box?ReplyDelete
I missed your question- so sorry! You will need a small box of pudding for this recipe.ReplyDelete
I made this but with cooked pudding. I make it the night in the microwave before so that it is good and cold. I put piece of saran wrap on top to keep from a harden pudding on top (or sometimes not as I like it...I just skim it off and enjoy while making the dessert) I just don't particularly like instant pudding. YUMMY either way. I have also been known to put a layer of vanilla pudding with the chocolate at times.ReplyDelete


text:
[Intro: Rick Ross]
You know I had to fuck with my nigga's shit
You know what I'm talking about
This is all I do nigga
Touch money and touch bitches
Talk shit and swallow spit
[Verse 1: Rick Ross]
Huuh.. She in love with my hustle, the Lamborghini, the 'Rari
I put TVs in the back.. Sega, Dreamcast, and Atari
Play with it!
I'm blowing loud, smoking out a trash bag
Tony Montana real estate, go check my lap back
I'mma back to back like we riding through Bahgdad
Got them choppas gold plated, bitch nigga back back
I met her on the pole, I let her ride
I let her see some cake, I know I'm out of sight
Thumbin' through the check, thumbin' through the check
Three hundred on my wrist, swear to God I won't confess
Thumbin' through the check, thumbin' through the check
Three hundred on my wrist, another hundred on my neck
Up in every early morning man I gotta
Fuck a money machine that's what I do
I sell a bit then finger-fuck through it
Bet my most everything I do since I was two
I don't know about you though but I'm gone do it
That's all I love to do
That's all I wanna do
All day, every day (Ayy!)
[Verse 2: Rocko]
Thumb through that check, make sure its adding up
Thumb through that check, rubber band then bag it up
Thumb through that check, I don't know yo ass like that
Ain't no disrespect, make sure it ain't counter-feit
I gotta thumb through that check, make sure its correct
You know these niggas be playin' games but we ain't goin' for that
Thumb through that check, he playin', I pay a bounty
Quick a picker upper, bitch I'm from Fulton County
Thumb through that check, on everything I love
I'm shaking booty gov. my favorite club the booty club
Thumb thru that check, I swear this shit so fun
Stack them hundreds, fiftys, twentys spending tens, fives, and ones (Ayy!)
[Verse 3: Young Scooter]
I just juuged a million dollars, thumb through it all in 60 seconds
Count it all with one hand, finessing, thrumbin through the check
Brick fare, I thrumb through it
Freebands, I thumb through em
Sleepin' thumbin through the check, got money in every room
Future up in Pluto thumbin' through checks throwing them down on you
Check in my pocket, shit taller than you
Thumb through the check, thumb through the check
I just fucked yo bitch, I ain't give that ho no check
70-thousand round my neck, that's another check
Pull up at the dealer, let em thumb through the check
Thumb through the check, finesse, finesse, finesse!
Thumb through it, blow it, juug that shit right back!
Samples "Thumb Thru the Check" by Rocko featuring Young Scooter.


text:
Cantonese originally not Chinese???
Discussions on the Cantonese language.
- Posts: 12
- Joined: Fri Aug 26, 2011 7:03 pm
Re: Cantonese originally not Chinese???
Cantonese always belongs to China, you post that will make chinese feel angry..
Re: Cantonese originally not Chinese???
Take into account that don't assume all people living in China are necessarily Chinese. It is often displayed in various regions that distinctive groups had their particular distinct culture. China was not always unified. It turned out many different tribes/countries some time before unity ever occurred and unity wasn't always stable (such as several Kingdoms, the Warring States Period, the relocation of the Sung dynasty after Beijing fell to invaders). For instance, the town of Chongqing, a long time before it became annexed into Imperial China had its own culture along with perhaps a language also. The mountainsides of Chongqing has carvings of fierce pagan gods non-existent in mainstream Chinese culture. An original Chongqing citizens were also primarily decimated because of war therefore the Emperor necessary a migration to the present region. Its likely which the Emperor called for migration with regions thus cultures mixed together until they became made available to the Chinese or were destroyed with the Chinese. If you take a look at a map of the Qin Dynasty, the region which is now Guangzhou province remains unclaimed. Usually are not lived there? Its likely that there were independent tribes surviving in this region. And later in Chinese history, the Chinese people migrated into this region, mixing while using original people, thus eliminating their cultural identity. One more thing to mention, when you look at records on the earlier dynasty including the Xia, Shang, and Chou, each of them existed in the northern regions, not southern.


text:
is a sandbox construction game created by Mojang AB founder Markus "Notch" Persson, inspired by Infiniminer, Dwarf Fortress, Dungeon Keeper, and Notch's past games Legend of the Chambered and RubyDung. Gameplay involves players interacting with the game world by placing and breaking various types of blocks in a three-dimensional environment. In this environment, players can build creative structures, creations, and artwork on multiplayer servers and singleplayer worlds across multiple game modes.
Minecraft: Java Edition is available for €23.95 (US$26.95, £17.95). When purchased, singleplayer and multiplayer game modes can be played using the downloadable stand-alone launcher. The official demo is free, but has a time limit. Minecraft development started around May 10, 2009, and pre-orders for the full game were accepted starting from June 13, 2009. Minecraft's official release date was November 18, 2011. On September 20, 2014, Java Edition became the best-selling PC game of all time and has reached 28 million sales as of March 26, 2018.
On August 16, 2011, Minecraft: Pocket Edition, the first edition to use the Bedrock Edition codebase, was released for the Sony Xperia Play gaming smartphone. After its exclusivity with Sony expired, it was released for Android devices on October 7, 2011, iOS devices on November 17, 2011, Fire OS devices on September 13, 2012, and Windows Phone 8.1 on December 10, 2014 for US$6.99. Bedrock Edition was then ported to non-mobile platforms for the first time, starting with Minecraft: Windows 10 Edition on July 29, 2015, and followed by Minecraft: Gear VR Edition on April 27, 2016, and Minecraft: Apple TV Edition and Minecraft: Fire TV Edition on December 19, 2016. On December 1, 2016, Pocket Edition reached 40 million sales. On December 19, 2016, Pocket Edition for Windows Phone 8.1 was officially discontinued. It was replaced by Pocket Edition for Windows 10 Mobile on February 22, 2017.
On May 9, 2012, Minecraft: Xbox 360 Edition was released for the Xbox 360 on Xbox Live Arcade for US$19.99, where it subsequently broke every previous sales record. Xbox 360 Edition was the first version to use the codebase known as Legacy Console Edition. It was followed by Minecraft: PlayStation 3 Edition on December 17, 2013, Minecraft: PlayStation 4 Edition on September 4, 2014, Minecraft: Xbox One Edition on September 5, 2014, Minecraft: PlayStation Vita Edition on October 14, 2014, Minecraft: Wii U Edition on December 17, 2015, and Minecraft: Nintendo Switch Edition on May 11, 2017.
On February 11, 2013, Minecraft: Pi Edition was released for the Raspberry Pi. The Pi Edition was intended as an educational tool for novice programmers and users were encouraged to open and change the game's code using its API. There were never any subsequent updates and the edition is now officially discontinued.
On September 15, 2014, Mojang AB and all of its assets (including Minecraft) were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion.
As of January 20, 2018, Minecraft has sold 144 million copies across all platforms, making it the second best-selling video game of all time, and the ninth best-selling video game franchise of all time.
Minecraft China was released on September 29, 2015 for Xbox One, January 9, 2017 for Playstation 4, September 5, 2017 for iOS, August 8, 2017 for PC, and October 12, 2017 for Android. The gameplay is the same as the normal Bedrock Edition and Java Edition, but it is free to play on iOS, PC, and Android versions.
After a beta testing period, Minecraft: Education Edition was released on November 1, 2016 for US$5 per user per year. The Education Edition contains features that make Minecraft more accessible and effective in a classroom setting.
On September 13, 2017, Minecraft: New Nintendo 3DS Edition was released for the New Nintendo 3DS, New Nintendo 3DS XL, and New Nintendo 2DS XL.
On September 18, 2017, the original version of Minecraft was renamed to Minecraft: Java Edition. Shortly thereafter, on September 20, 2017, the Better Together Update for Bedrock Edition was released on Android, iOS, Fire OS, Windows 10, Samsung Gear VR, and Fire TV. Pocket Edition, Windows 10 Edition, Gear VR Edition, and Fire TV Edition were all merged under the single title of Minecraft, and Xbox One Edition was discontinued and replaced by a new port of Bedrock Edition to the platform. This also occurred with Nintendo Switch Edition on June 21, 2018.


text:
Steam weekly top sellers, May 31 – TF2 tops with Orange Box still going
Valve has announced that it will start publishing a weekly list of the best-selling titles on Steam.
Bout time.
Updates will arrive every Sunday, and you can see the very first one below.
Steam Weekly Top Sellers – WE May 31
- Team Fortress 2
- Killing Floor
- Left 4 Dead
- Counter Strike: Source
- Plants vs Zombies
- The Orange Box
- Unreal Deal Pack
- Unreal Tournament Black
- Assassin's Creed: Director's Cut
- Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare


text:
Hi everyone,
I almost have my program complete, at the moment I am working on the last part of this program.
I have in my program an option for the user to select a output file through a GUI screen.
Now I would like the program to look if there is a certain extension behind the file. (.xlsx)
If yes: continue.
else: put .xlsx behid it.
Now I was thinking of using lastIndexOf() as I have used indexOf somewhere else with succes.
But I can't get the lastIndexOf to start working, becasue of the folowing error:
outputFileName1 cannot be resolved to a type
outputFileName1 = defined as a String
String outputFileName1 = "";
Now I looked it up and the input needs to be a string.
Now this string.lastIndexOf(".xlsx") works.
But not when I put it inside an if loop.
Is it not usable in a if loop or something?


text:
Second Chance Center for Animals in Flagstaff, Ariz., Evacuates 180 Animals and Sets Up Temporary Animal Shelter
As the wildfire near Flagstaff, Ariz., continues to grow, the Second Chance Center for Animals has been forced to evacuate with 180 animals and set up a temporary outdoor shelter beyond the fires' range at Fort Tuthill County Park in Flagstaff, the American Humane Association gave Second Chance Center for Animals a $5,000 emergency grant for supplies that are needed at the temporary shelter. The temporary shelter is also taking in pets of people who are evacuating their homes and have not been able to make other arrangements for their pets.
The Coconino Humane Society in Flagstaff was first evacuated due to the fire last Friday, and Second Chance Center for Animals took their animals. Now that both shelters have been evacuated, the temporary shelter is caring for all of the shelter animals in the area. The shelter continues to need supplies and volunteers during this emergency sheltering effort, which is expected to last for days or weeks.
"Emergency situations like this require a lot of resources in a short amount of time, and we hope that our grant will help the shelter acquire the items they desperately need to care for the animals," said Debrah Schnackenberg, vice president of American Humane's Animal Protection Programs. "These types of events often bring communities together, and it is our hope that people will unite to help these animals."
American Humane is currently seeking additional funds to be able to provide grants to other sheltering organizations that need assistance. Grants are available based on resources and the generosity of the organization's donors. Learn more about how to donate online at www.americanhumane.org/donate.


text:
Home Value Key
The map above shows median home prices by block for Norwalk and surrounding areas such as Wilton Center and Wilton. These are the best neighborhoods as judged by the market: the places people most want to live. While these areas tend to have lower crime rates and quality, it is primarily a map of the best areas by median home value in Norwalk, CT.
Median house prices in Norwalk, CT are $485085, meaning Norwalk homes are much more expensive than the US median. Compared to a city sampling of places with similar populations, homes cost less. The chart below shows Norwalk home prices compared to the United States average and locations with similar populations such as McDonough, GA.
Norwalk Home Prices Compared
In regards to housing disparity, the quality of neighborhood within Norwalk varies greatly.
Data Sources: U.S. Census, proprietary data mapping and analysis
Cities with Similar Populations
All Local Stats
Home Services
No other site shows detail at this level for free. We are able to keep this site free by receiving a small commission from the referring links below if you book, rent, or request a lead at no cost to you. Please share or cite this page if you aren't able to otherwise support our work.
Map interface © Mapbox © OpenStreetMap Map data and content © bestneighborhood


text:
Religion and Nature
"Religion Vs. Nature" by Rabbi YY (Yosef Yitzchok) Jacobson
Lectures of:
Rabbi YY (Yosef Yitzchok) Jacobson
Brought to you by:
Lectures of: Rabbi YY (Yosef Yitzchok) Jacobson
Gershon Jacobson Jewish Continuity Foundation
This Lecture's Subject:
Religion Vs. Nature
By Yosef Y. Jacobson
A young Jewish man was visiting a psychiatrist, hoping to cure his eating and sleeping disorder. "Every thought I have turns to my mother," he told the psychiatrist. "As soon as I fall asleep and being to dream, everyone in my dream turns into my mother. I wake up so upset that all I can do is go downstairs and eat a piece of toast."
The psychiatrist replied, "What, just one piece of toast for a big boy like you?"
The Traveler
"Rabbi Jacob said: 'One who walks on the road and studies , and interrupts his study and remarks, 'How beautiful is this tree! How beautiful is this landscape!' Scripture considers it as if he were guilty of a mortal sin."
(Mishnah, Ethics of Our Fathers, 3:7, chapter of this week).
The question is obvious.
The person who interrupts his Torah study to marvel at the beauty of nature is essentially celebrating the workings of the creator who designed a magnificent and brilliant universe. Why would this be considered a grave sin, when this person is celebrating the work of the giver of the Torah?
Some have erroneously deduced from this Talmudic passage that Torah rejects nature; that focusing on the splendor and exquisiteness of our world is nothing short of vanity.
This is a mistaken view. For the same G-d who gave us the Torah, gave us nature as well. Much of Scripture enjoins the human being to contemplate the workings of nature as a tool to appreciate the divine reality behind nature. A major part of our daily morning prayers consists of just this exercise: to marvel at the diversity and artistry of our physical universe as witnesses to the underlying reality of G-d at the core of all nature.
"G-d led Adam around the Garden of Eden and said, 'Look at My works, see how beautiful they are, How exquisite! For your sake I created them all. See to it that you do not spoil or destroy My world — for if you do, there will be no one to repair it after you," the Midrash states.
Maimonidies writes in his legal code that the way to achieve love of G-d is by contemplating the extraordinary brilliance and dazzling beauty of His universe.
What is more, according to Jewish law, there is a prescribed blessing that is to be recited at the sight of beautiful creatures and beautiful trees. This means that when the individual who is traveling and learning encounters a particularly beautiful tree he is, perhaps, obligated to take a break from the learning and recite a blessing to G-d for this creation. If anything, this individual may be performing a mitzvah, not a sin.
Three Answers
Various commentators over the ages have presented different answers to these questions. Some argued that the Mishnah was not attempting to ridicule or denigrate an appreciation of nature's majestic empire, but rather to make it clear that one ought not to equate its significance with the story of Torah. Notwithstanding the importance of developing an appreciating for G-d's awesome world, it pales in comparison with the study of Torah which, as the Kabbalists put it, captures G-d's most essential and intimate wisdom and will, transcending even G-d as a brilliant Creator.
Other commentators suggested a more pragmatic approach. During Rabbi Jacob's days, most of the oral tradition of Judaism was not transcribed as of yet. The students needed to memorize lots of material and they typically enjoyed memorizing their lessons while strolling outdoors. (Such peripatetic memorization is still practiced today in some parts of the Middle East). Since they were, naturally, tempted to shift their attention from studying to the surrounding scenic views, the Mishnah specifically warned against this.
I wish to share with you a Chassidic interpretation to this Mishnah, novel in its approach and inspiring in its ramifications.
The criticism wrought against this individual for marveling at the beautiful tree or landscape is not addressed at the fact that he stops to breathe-in the glory of G-d's universe. Let us read the text again, this time much more carefully: "One who walks on the road and studies, and interrupts his study and remarks, 'How beautiful is this tree! How beautiful is this landscape!' Scripture considers it as if he were guilty of a mortal sin."
The emphasis should be put on the word "interrupts." The problem is not the mere appreciation of our gorgeous world, but rather the fact that this individual views the esthetical exquisiteness of the tree or the landscape as an interruption of Torah study. For this particular traveler, he must cease and interrupt his study of Torah in order to take in the beauty of the world. Torah and the universe remain two distinct realities, in his consciousness, disjointed and disconnected. "Render to Ceaser what is Ceaser's, render to G-d what is G-d's." The spiritual and the physical constitute two diverse realms. G-d runs the heavens; Washington runs (or thinks it runs) the earth. The secular and the holy are divided by an absolute gulf. Torah is good for the synagogue and the study hall; outside the confinements of the holy, its message must yield to the powerful embrace of the secular.
But the living presence of G-d saturates all of reality! What appears externally as secular pulsates internally with G-dliness. Plato's dualism, conferring holiness upon the spiritual and corruption upon the physical, has no place in the ethos of Judaism. Torah is the blueprint, the Midrash says, of the entire universe. Hence, any genuine celebration of the world is a celebration of Torah. The vision and passion of Torah encompass every aspect and nuance of creation just as blueprint includes every detail of the home designed on it. In the weltanschauung of Judaism, as articulated in the Kabbalistic and Chassidic tradition, religion is not at odds with nature; rather, nature too is divine.
The verse in Psalms (4), "The heaven belongs to G-d, and the earth He granted to man," was interpreted by the Rebbe of Kotzk as saying thus: "The heaven belongs to G-d initially; the earth G-d gave to man in order that he turns it into heaven." The holy and the secular must learn to kiss, because when the doors of perception are cleansed the secular is seen as pulsating with holiness, begging that it too be infused with transcendence; deep down it too craves that it become a continuum of Torah.
Above portions were copied from Lectures of: Rabbi YY (Yosef Yitzchok) Jacobson of
Gershon Jacobson Jewish Continuity Foundation and http://www.MeaningfulLife.org
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Recipe Source:
Saras Kitchen
For Dough
1.All purpose flour / Maida - 11/2 cups
2.sugar - 1tbsp
3.Oil - 1/4 cup
4.Salt - A pinch
5.Food lemon color - As required
For Filling:
1.Channa Dhal - 3/4 cup
2.Jaggery - 1 1/2 cup
3.Ghee - 1 tbsp
4.Cardamom pwdr.
For the dough:
* Mix all the ingredients ,except oil and prepare a soft and elastic dough.
* Knead it well for atleast 5 minutes.
* Cover the dough with oil and keep it aside for an hour.
* Take the dough and knead it again.
* Divide them into equal sized balls.
* Pressure cook the chana dal with 1 cup of water.
* After the whistle is removed,strain the water.smash it well.
( My dal was over cooked,so I took a muslin cloth and squeezed out the excesss moisture.)
* Take a pan ,add jaggery and little water.
* Turn the stove to medium low and let the jaggery get dissolved into the water.
* Filter the jaggery and again mix with smashed chana dal .Add ghee and cook the mixture.
* The moisture in the jaggery- chana dal mix will get reduced ,when we cook it .
* Turn off the stove ,when the mixture curdles like halwa.Add cardamom pwdr.
* Cool completely and divide the mixture into equal sized balls.
* Take the dough- ball,tap it and place the filling inside.
* close and roll it as a thin chapathi.
* Cook it in a tava for 2 minutes ,both sides.
* Apply ghee to both sides and store it.
We can use any filling for the poli like coconut,dry fruits etc.Adjust the filling according to the dough balls.


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With no Successful Record to run on Team Obama ramps up War on Women, attacks Mitt Romney by Comparing him to Womanizing Don Draper
Week in Review
You know a campaign is grasping at straws when they have to compare their rival presidential candidate to Don Draper on AMC's Mad Men. They don't talk about their job creation. Or how much better off you are than you were 4 years ago. Primarily because President Obama lost more jobs than he created. And except for the rich and connected few are better off than they were 4 years ago. No. Instead, they go to Don Draper (see The Draperizing of Mitt Romney by JONATHAN MARTIN and MAGGIE HABERMAN posted 4/13/2012 on Politico).
He may not drink or cheat, and he lacks the fictional ad-maker's charisma, but Democrats, despite the potential perils of such a strategy, remain determined to paint Romney as a throwback to the "Mad Men" era — a hopelessly retro figure who, on policy and in his personal life, is living in the past…
To be fair, Romney's governmental record, as well as his campaign, generally reflect gender inclusion. His gubernatorial chief of staff and campaign senior adviser, Beth Myers, is female, as are his deputy campaign manager and communications director. In 2003, Romney's first year as governor, Massachusetts ranked number one among all states for the highest ratio of women policy leaders appointed by governors, according to a 2004 study by the Center for Women in Government and Civil Society. The suggestion that Romney's world is cloistered from women is not a fair one.
Don Draper. The guy women want. And the guy men want to be. So Mitt Romney is like that guy and will take us back to the Fifties? Interesting as Mad Men is set in the Sixties. At the beginning of the women's liberation movement. For if you're not familiar with the show here are a couple of tidbits. Don Draper promoted the first woman to a 'man's job' at his agency. He promoted his secretary to copy editor. And not because he was sleeping with her. For she was one of the few women Don didn't cheat on his wife with. He promoted her because he saw her talent. And in the latest season he hired the first black woman into the firm as his secretary. When others made some snarky remarks he said with annoyance, "Come on. She was the most qualified."
The Democrats said the Republicans have a war on women. And that stay-at-home moms don't know what real work is like. Something I think most stay-at-home moms will take issue with. But that's their strategy. Because they got nothing else. Especially a good record. So they portray Mitt Romney as Don Draper. The bad boy that women love. Men want to be. And the guy who has hired more women and minority women than any other at his make-believe firm. Apart from the womanizing and infidelity, then, yeah, Mitt is just like Don Draper. Successful. Confident. And as bad he is outside of the office he is all business inside the office. Hiring women and minorities not because of affirmative action (which there wasn't any back then). But because he respected their talent. Just like the real life Mitt Romney. Whose record of hiring women is even better than President Obama's.
Comparing Mitt Romney to Don Draper? Bring it on. Unless there is some strange plot twist in the current season, the Don Draper comparison may only make him more favorable to women. Smart, handsome, confidant, successful, feminist – apart from the womanizing and the infidelity he's the perfect man. Which just happen to be the last two things you'd expect from Mitt Romney. Making him indeed the perfect man.
Tags: Democrat, Don Draper, Mad Men, Mitt Romney, Obama, President Obama, Republican, Romney, stay-at-home moms, war on women, women


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This article was originally published in the Wall Street Journal on March 11, 2013.
An enormous amount of ink and pixels have already been devoted to Sheryl Sandberg's important new book, "Lean In," some of it claiming that Sandberg exhorts women to relentlessly drive themselves to the top.
But that's not at all what Sandberg is saying. What she's saying is that as well as institutional barriers to success, women face a lot of inner barriers—voices that, as she puts it, urge you to "leave before you leave."
"Lean In" has unleashed multiple conversations. For me, the most interesting is the one about the nature of the world women are leaning into. This is a great moment for all of us—women and men—to acknowledge that the current male-dominated model of success isn't working for women, and it's not working for men, either.
For everybody, stress has gone up—in the last 30 years, self-reported stress has gone up 25% for men and 18% for women. And we're surrounded by stressed-out leaders—in politics, in business, in media—making terrible decisions. What they lack is not smarts but wisdom. And it's much harder to tap into your wisdom, recognizing the icebergs before they hit the Titanic—a big part of leadership—when you're running on empty.
As women scale new heights in the workplace, they pay a heavy price: women in stressful jobs have a nearly 40% increased risk of heart disease and a 60% increased risk of diabetes than their less-stressed colleagues. According to the latest study from the American Psychological Association, women are more likely than their male colleagues to feel stressed during a typical workday, due to many factors, including feeling underappreciated in the workplace.
There's a French expression, "reculer pour mieux sauter," which, loosely translated, means leaning back in order to jump higher. That's what cats do. And by leaning back, we become much better at leaning in.
That means acknowledging the value of caring for our human capital — getting enough sleep and rejecting the culture of "time macho," which Anne-Marie Slaughter describes as "a relentless competition to work harder, stay later, pull more all-nighters, travel around the world and bill the extra hours that the International Date Line affords you." And it means acknowledging that family can actually be a great thing for our career, by putting everything at work in perspective.
The world needs women to redefine success beyond money and power. We need a third metric, based on our well-being, our health, our ability to unplug and recharge and renew ourselves, and to find joy in both our job and the rest of our life. Ultimately, success is not about money or position, but about living the life you want, not just the life you settle for.
Some companies get it. Already, twenty-five percent of large American corporations have some kind of stress reduction program — yoga, meditation, or some way for workers to lean back — during the workday. Not just Google GOOG -0.08% and Silicon Valley startups, but General Mills GIS +0.33%, Target Aetna AET -0.82%, etc. The realization is spreading that this is not just good for the employees' health but for the company's bottom line. Mounting evidence, both scientific and anecdotal, confirms that the practices that make us less stressed also make us more productive. (We at HuffPost launched a free app, GPS for the Soul, to track your stress level through your heart-rate variability; it also includes a personalized guide of pictures, music and poetry that helps you course-correct.)
For far too long, men have equated success with working around the clock, driving yourself into the ground, sleep deprivation and burnout. Women need to lead the way to change that — both for their sake and for the sake of successful men who desperately need to learn how to lean back.


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Elevated drinking water tanks
In the field of application concerned with elevated drinking water tanks SIMONA products are also an excellent choice. With sheets made of SIMONA® PE blue 340 the corrosion process can be permanently brought to a halt and the service life of elevated drinking water tanks can be Extended.
Most elevated drinking water tanks erected in the 1960s and 1970s were of circular or rectangular concrete box design. The surfaces that come into contact with water are chiefly made of cement-bound construction materials or tiles. In the course of time both the concrete and the joints were subject to attack by hydrolytic corrosion. The resulting surface irregularities provide a breeding ground for the reproduction of microorganisms so they increase the risk of drinking water contamination. SIMONA products provide alternative solutions.


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Expanded information about all aspects of the Northern Michigan University School of Art and Design can be found on the school's Web site. We encourage you to visit the site.
In this Web area, we provide you with links to information on student support services and NMU campus facilities, as well as campus maps.
If you were unable to find information you were looking for here or on the School's Web site, please contact us and we'll do our best to assist you. We can be reached at 906-227-2194 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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[size=18]WELCOME TO THE THINGS-NOT-TRACK FORUM!
By definition, the world of e-based communications is one free of a lot of the constraints of the past. We're happy to see that, but given the propensity for unfettered dialogue to turn into the wild, wild west, we feel compelled to issue a few basic guidelines before using any of our forums.
Please take the time to read our "Ten-Or-So Commandments," which we'd like you to adhere to, in addition to basic on-line etiquette:
•1. This is a catchall forum that serves as a sounding post for things not directly related to current track & field competition/issues. The same elemental rules apply as to all our forums.
2. Like all our forums, you can read this one without registering. You cannot post, however, without establishing yourself with a viable e-mail address and a password. This registration does not mean you have to show your real name or e-mail address to the general public, although both are options.
We think the use of a handle is great, but also encourage everyone to use their real name as well, and include their address, rather than hiding behind a veil of anonymity. If you're going to make provocative posts, have the cojones to stand behind them.
3. Your posts do not go through any moderator before appearing on-site. Nonetheless, we actively screen what goes on, and any objectionable posts will be terminated. With extreme prejudice.
4. The definition of "objectionable post" rests solely with T&FN. Be advised up front that sexist/racist material is 100% out of bounds. As are accusations/suggestions that athlete/coach X is involved with illegal drugs.
5. If you want to discuss politics or religion, there are other sites far better equipped to handle your desires. Don't even think of getting into it here. The same goes for drug topics that aren't directly related to track and/or the Olympics.
6. Please don't attempt to play cop. That's the job of the moderators. If something you find objectionable stays up longer than you think it should, that's because on this world-wide Board people are posting 24/7, but the mods actually do get some sleep.
The best way not to be offended by a thread is not to open it. Hint: if it's in all-caps, has bad sentence structure and includes the word "sex" you probably shouldn't bother opening it.
7. Try to sell something commercial on any of our forums and you'll find it bounced. Note that the "Trading Post" forum is a place where amateurs can sell/trade things that further their personal collections.
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While T&FN staff will endeavor to make the board a valuable reference source (our motto is "facts, not fiction," after all), the content of every post remains the responsibility of the original poster, and T&FN accepts no liability resulting from bad information posted herein.
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10. T&FN reserves the right to quote you--without compensation--both on this site and in the magazine, Track & Field News, if you post here.
11. Please respect the copyright of others: do not cut and paste whole articles to this site. Using the principle of "fair use," there's nothing wrong with quoting small snippets of copy in to, but if you want somebody to read a whole article, please provide the URL. The same goes for copyrighted photos.
12. Commercial telecasts are copyrighted and are not to be pirated. That includes much of what is on YouTube. Links to these will be summarily removed by the mods. Repeat offenders will be banned.
13. Please try not to highjack threads. It's very easy to wander off topic, we realize, but exercise restraint. Particularly when it comes to turning a relevant Current Events topic into a discussion of something other than track.
14. This isn't a personal message board. If you want to get into a 2-person debate—particularly when you are highjacking a thread—please take it off-line.
15. Above all, try to remain courteous, adhering to the old adage, "it's not what you say, it's how you say it." Insulting your fellow posters is a good way to get banned; insulting the mods is a certain way. If there's the slightest chance your dry wit might be misinterpreted, consider throwing in a smilie.
And now...... on to the threads!
(edited on 26 September 2008 to add points 12, 13, 14 & 15 and refine some of the other language)
Copyright © 2008, Track & Field News


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Graphics Standards - Overview
The Graphic Standards Manual is a roadmap for accurately and consistently conveying our image and identity in the materials through which we communicate with our constituencies.
Graphic identity is an outward expression of the personality, values and goals of an institution. An identity system reflects the style and image the University projects to its various publics. Lewis University has local, regional, national and international audiences.
Our logo and related graphics are a visual expression of our serious commitment to quality as well as the energy and care that each of us contributes to the University community.
The standards set out in this Graphic Standards Manual and Editorial Style Guide have been carefully created and should be adhered to conscientiously. Through consistent application over time, Lewis University will enjoy the benefits of improved communications, understanding, and competitive positioning with the public we dedicate ourselves to serving.
The Office of Marketing and Communications serves as the central source of information and assistance regarding this manual.
All materials produced in collaboration with outside vendors must be directed to the Office of Marketing and Communications for bid requests, editorial review, production requirements and design approval.
If you have questions about the University's identity system or its application, please contact:
Lewis University
Marketing and Communications
One University Parkway
Romeoville, IL 60446
Phone: (815) 836-5291
Fax: (815) 838-1267
E-mail: email@example.com
Our identity is in your hands now. Treating it with care and consistency will guarantee its success.


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According to the Star Wars Family Tree, appearing in this week's issue of TIME Magazine on page 59, Boba Fett makes the list as an "other villain" for The Empire Strikes Back. But they're quick to call him dead, citing their sources as "the films and starwars.com." Will someone write a letter to their editor, or do we all just move on?
Other Villains
The evil Sith have only two members at a time–a master (Darth Sidious) and an apprentice. Obi-wan kills apprentice Darth Maul (I), who is replaced by Darth Tyranus, a.k.a. Count Dooku (II), who is in turn replaced by Darth Vader. (Got it?) Powerful as they are, the Sith duo need help, and in III they get it from General Grievous, who wears the lightsabers of slain Jedi as trophies. The new film also introduces Grand Moff Tarkin, who supervises the Death Star in IV. Boba Fett (V), clone of Jango Fett, becomes a bounty hunter like his "dad," who is killed by a Jedi in II. Boba and Jabba the Hutt (VI) die when Luke Skywalker frees Han Solo from Jabba's execution squad.
A version is also online at TIME.com:
View TIME.com's Boba Fett graphic.
Boba Fett last appeared in an April 2002 issue of TIME Magazine, which profiled Attack of the Clones.