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Water SA
On-line version ISSN 1816-7950
Print version ISSN 0378-4738
Water SA vol.34 n.5 Pretoria Oct. 2008
'Alternative futures' of the Okavango Delta simulated by a suite of global climate and hydro-ecological models
P Wolski*; M Murray-Hudson
Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Private Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
The natural resources of the Okavango Delta, a large wetland in semi-arid Botswana, form the basis of livelihoods of the local population and support economically important high-end tourism. The hydro-ecological system is dynamic at various time scales, responding to climate variability, and both flood and drought conditions have in the past put pressure on the system's users. Human-induced climate change can potentially exacerbate the effects of existing climate variability. In this paper, we present simulated future hydro-ecological conditions in the Okavango Delta generated by a step-wise modelling procedure. The outputs of three different global climate models are used to drive a suite of hydrological models. Lastly, a rule-based dynamic model relates hydroperiod conditions to vegetation assemblages. The simulated future conditions vary from much drier to much wetter than those recorded in the past. Models indicate that climatic change would result in change in both extent and distribution of the major ecotopes of the Okavango Delta. Importantly, the different ecotopes will be affected to varying degrees. The projected changes will have consequences for the wildlife-based management of the system. They will affect, for example, available grazing and migration/movement patterns of large herbivores, as well as fish. Such consequences can have rapid up-trophic level effects, ultimately leading to potentially substantial impacts on the economy. The main conclusion to be drawn is that management planning and land-use systems should be as flexible as possible.
Keywords: climate change, development planning, GCM, hydro-ecological modelling, wetland management
The Okavango Delta is a large wetland located in semi-arid north-western Botswana. It is a largely pristine ecosystem with a very small anthropogenic footprint, and is recognised as a Ramsar site. The system is naturally variable: dry and wet conditions of duration from a year to 30 to 40 years have been recorded in the past (Mazvimavi and Wolski, 2006). Additionally, the system is subject to shifts in distribution of inundation resulting from active geomorphological processes: channel aggradation and avulsion, occurring at a variety of scales (McCarthy et al., 1993; McCarthy et al., 1992; Wolski and Murray-Hudson, 2007). Observations indicate that any change in the hydrological regime within any part of the system brings about transformation of the ecosystem. Vegetation change can be subtle, such as from sedge-dominated floodplains to grass-dominated ones, or drastic: from papyrus plains to dry-land. Changes in vegetation propagate up trophic levels with the consequence of wildlife relocating to find suitable vegetation and environmental conditions.
Greenhouse gas emission-driven climate change is widely accepted as happening, and recognised as a factor of prominent importance for the future well-being of the global environment (IPCC, 2007). With the goal of stimulating thought and debate about its implications for wetland management, this paper presents preliminary results of modelling of the potential effects of future climate change resulting from anthropogenic global warming on the ecosystem of the Okavango Delta. It focuses on linking the hydrological regime under changing climate with ecosystem vegetation characteristics.
Okavango Delta
The Delta is a large, flood-pulsed wetland. Its hydrology has been frequently described in the literature (e.g. Wolski et al., 2006; McCarthy et al., 1998a; Dinçer et al., 1987), and therefore only the major characteristics are given here. The Delta is subject to a discrete annual flood pulse. The flood is primarily caused by the seasonal flood wave of the Okavango River, and local rainfall plays a lesser role: flooding is asynchronous with the local rainy season. As a result of inter-annual differences in local and upstream rainfall, as well as longer-term effects of surface-groundwater interactions within the Delta, the area of inundation displays strong inter-annual variability: over the period of record 1932-2000, annual minima varied between 3 500 and 6 000 km2, while the annual maxima were recorded at 6 000 to 14 000 km2 (McCarthy et al., 2004; Gumbricht et al., 2004). These dynamics cause spatial differences in hydroperiod (frequency, duration and depth of inundation), which are in turn associated with vegetation assemblages adjusted to the prevalent hydrological conditions. This association is traditionally expressed by distinguishing broad hydro-ecological units: permanent swamp, seasonal regularly inundated floodplains, seasonal occasionally inundated floodplains and dry-land (McCarthy et al., 2005).
Previous work on modelling of ecological consequences of climate change in the Okavango Delta
Since the Delta is a wetland ecosystem in an arid environment, it is clear that the ecological effects of climate change have to be looked at through changes in hydrological regime, as caused by rainfall and evaporation, rather than through changes in temperature only. Hydrological change was assessed by Wolski et al. (2002), who expressed climate-change effects through spatially distributed change in hydroperiod. In a more recent study (ODMP, 2006) climate-change effects were expressed in terms of change in the lower envelope of flooding. Both those studies used outputs of the HadCM3 (for explanation of model acronyms, see Table 1) global climate model (GCM), and simulated considerably drier conditions that those observed in the past. Murray-Hudson et al. (2006) used outputs of three GCMs: HadCM3, CCCma CGCM2 and GFDL R30 (Table 1) routed through a set of hydrological sub-models to determine changes in hydroperiod, and consequently change in distribution of major ecosystem units. Future climate conditions as simulated by several GCMs were consistent in terms of future temperature fields, but were very different in terms of future rainfall. These differences resulted in the simulation of Okavango basin conditions which ranged from much drier, through similar, to much wetter than those observed in the past, depending on which GCM model was used. Consequently, major ecosystem changes were projected for the Delta corresponding to the extreme GCM outputs. To assess the ecosystem changes, Murray-Hudson et al. (2006) used a simple, static hydroperiod-ecosystem model to simulate the distribution of floodplain vegetation ecotopes. In this model, computational elements of the hydrological model were classified into different floodplain ecotopes based on average hydrological conditions (frequency and duration of inundation) simulated during a period of 15 years. Such an approach was based on earlier interpretive vegetation work by SMEC (1989), and was considered useful for indicative purposes. It did not, however, reflect the shorter-term dynamics of the hydro-ecological system. Field observations suggest that successional trajectories in floodplain vegetation assemblages respond relatively fast to change in hydroperiod conditions. Under seasonal flooding, dry savannah areas develop a flooded grassland assemblage in 1 to 2 flood seasons. If seasonal flooding continues (3 or more consecutive seasons) succession to a sedge-dominated assemblage, with different functions in the ecosystem, can occur. The 15-year averaging period used in the static model is therefore considered inappropriate for investigating hydrology-driven ecological trajectories in this system. A dynamic model is therefore being developed, a rule-based version of which is presented in this paper.
Dynamic ecotope model
In a subsequent ongoing study (Murray-Hudson, 2008), a structured, quantitative vegetation survey was performed, covering over 30 sites characterised by different hydroperiod. Hydroperiod was determined on the basis of a reconstruction of inundation history from a series of Landsat imagery (Wolski and Murray-Hudson, 2006). Analysis of the vegetation data is not yet complete. However, qualitative information and experience from the field permitted an initial coarse classification of distinct vegetation assemblages, presented in Table 2. These assemblages have geographically specific type areas which have been used to define their hydroperiod characteristics from the satellite image time series. Hydroperiod conditions which would result in a successional shift were defined based on field observations from the past 5 years, in which there have been increasing flood extents in the Delta. Based on these, a rule-based dynamic model of hydroperiod-vegetation relationships was developed. This model has the character of an expert system (a series of IF THEN statements), and is presented in Fig. 1. Calculations are performed on the basis of pixel-by-pixel characteristics of hydroperiod (number of months inundated) determined from the output of the suite of hydrological models.
In this paper we use the procedure and results of hydrological and climate-change modelling presented earlier by Murray-Hudson et al. (2006), Wolski et al. (2006), Hughes et al. (2006) and Andersson et al. (2006). The procedure is summarised in Fig. 2. Future conditions are not simulated explicitly. Instead, a historical series of monthly rainfall and mean monthly temperatures is modified so as to reflect relative change simulated by the GCMs considered. Modification is applied to monthly values only these are multiplied by a change factor obtained from a given GCM under a given greenhouse scenario and for a given future period. No effects on rainfall intensities at shorter times are considered. Eventual changes in persistence of rainfall and temperature conditions (duration and frequency of occurrence of dry/wet or cold/hot spells) are not taken into account. In this analysis three GCMs were used: HadCM3, CCCma CGCM2, GFDL R30 (Table 1). For hydrological modelling two models were used: the Okavango River basin model (Andersson et al., 2006), the output of which was used as input to the Okavango Delta model (Wolski et al., 2006). The latter model consists of two sub-models. The first is a semi-distributed sub-model representing the Delta using 8 large interconnected units, each simulated as a non-linear reservoir. The output of this sub-model consists of a time series of inundated area in each of the units. The second is a GIS sub-model which schematises each of the units by a grid of 1 by 1 km blocks. For each of the blocks a relationship between unit inundated area and inundation status is determined based on a time series of observed, satellite-derived inundation maps. This relationship is then used to translate simulated inundated area to inundation distribution. For the sake of brevity, we do not describe the models more extensively here, but refer the interested reader to the original sources.
Results and interpretation
The simulations were done for a combination of prognoses from 3 GCMs, for 2 greenhouse-gas scenarios and 3 different periods in total 18 combinations. Analyses revealed that results for various GCMs suggest change in different directions (towards drier or wetter conditions), while differences between greenhouse gas scenarios are only in terms of magnitude of change, as are differences between various future time frames. Choice of a GCM is therefore of higher importance in assessing possible future hydro-ecological conditions in the Okavango Delta than the choice of greenhouse-gas scenario or time frame. Thus (and for the sake of brevity), we do not present the results of all combinations here. Instead we present results for one greenhouse-gas scenario (SRES B1), for one future period: 2020-2050, and for all 3 GCMs considered. The results of simulation are presented in Fig. 3 in the form of temporal variations in the areas of the ecotopes, while Fig. 4 presents spatial distributions of ecotopes.
The results of simulations do not explicitly represent simulated future conditions. By the nature of the applied procedure the results represent conditions that would occur if the time series of rainfall and temperature observed in the past repeated itself, changed only in terms of monthly rainfall totals and mean monthly temperature. Thus, the results obtained for each GCM have to be analysed by relating them to the conditions observed in the past (1968-2002, shown as 'baseline' in Figs. 3 and 4).
Baseline conditions
Baseline simulation results presented in Fig. 3 show changes in the area of the various ecotopes. In general the pattern is such that 'dry' ecotopes such as savannah expand during drier periods of the simulated time series, at the expense of 'wet' ecotopes such as aquatic and sedge-land. In the wetter periods an opposite pattern occurs. Baseline simulation shows the disappearance of savannah and grassland ecotopes during the very wet phase between the 10th and 13th year of simulation (corresponding to the period of 1978-1981). This is an effect associated with the expansion of hydrological conditions supporting aquatic and sedge-land ecotopes to cover the entire modelled domain. Whether such a transformation of the ecosystem has occurred in the past is uncertain; however, there is some evidence that similar hydrological conditions have actually occurred flows in the distal channels were perennial in the 1970s.
Differences between GCMs
The most striking feature of the results shown in Fig. 3 is the divergence of conditions simulated based on the predictions of various GCMs. Predictions by the CGCM2 model give conditions dramatically wetter than those observed in the past, the predictions of the HadCM3 model give conditions considerably drier that in the past, while those of the GFDL model give conditions similar to those observed in the past. The wetter conditions manifest themselves consistently as a larger area covered by aquatic and sedge-land vegetation communities, and a smaller area of savannah. The drier conditions are manifested by a larger area of savannah, and smaller areas of aquatic and sedge-land communities. The effects on flooded grassland community seem erratic. This can be explained by the fact that the intermittently inundated zone (with which the flooded grassland community is associated) is confined between the outer (un-floodable) boundary of the system and the zone of aquatics and sedge-lands, and as a consequence it is not proportional to the wetness of the system.
Dynamics of the size of ecotopes
The hydroperiod-vegetation model simulates different short and long-term dynamics of the areal extent of various ecotopes. The driest, savannah, changes little on a year-to-year basis, but displays a gradual increase in size during the dry phase of the simulated time series. Similarly, the areal extent of the aquatic ecotope (permanent swamp) changes relatively little on a year-to-year basis. Its gradual decline is, however, simulated for the drier part of the time series. These effects are consistent between the GCM scenarios. The sedge-land and grassland ecotopes, however, display strong year-to-year variation, with relatively minor longer-term effects, and there are differences in magnitude and direction of change between various GCM scenarios.
Change in spatial distribution of ecotopes
Maps showing distribution of ecotopes in the system under future climatic conditions simulated by the GCMs (Fig. 4) indicate that there is a change in position of ecotopes. The general pattern is that for drier conditions there is a shift of ecotope boundaries towards the Delta inlet, while for wetter conditions, ecotope boundaries shift towards distal parts of the Delta.
The divergence of results based on future conditions predicted by the three GCMs is a striking feature of the results presented. There is large uncertainty with respect to the direction of possible climate change and its effects. This, undoubtedly, makes accounting for climate change in the management process and preparation of climate change adaptation strategies and action plans very difficult. The current tendency in assessment of future conditions is to look for convergence of the many available GCMs (IPCC, 2007). Preliminary analysis of results presented by the IPCC (2007) indicates that there is little convergence between the 21 GCMs in the area of the Okavango Delta: less than 66% of models simulate drier conditions. The GCMs are more consistent in terms of future conditions in the Okavango River catchment: 66 to 76% of the IPCC models predict an increase in rainfall north of 15° S, which is where the sources of the Okavango River are. The effects of increased rainfall can be offset by an increase in evapotranspiration accompanying an increase in air temperatures. Work is on-going to assess convergence of the hydrological effect arising from outputs of the 21 GCMs available from the US Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison multi-model data archive (www-pcmdi.llnl.gov), using an uncertainty analysis framework (Wolski, 2008). At this stage, however, the low level of certainty still confounds the inclusion of climate-change effects in management and planning work.
As mentioned, the results presented in this paper are preliminary and indicative only. The hydroperiod-ecotope model has not been subject to rigorous scrutiny and verification. The results cannot, therefore, be analysed in terms of absolute values of areas of various ecotopes, or their spatial distribution. The modelling, however, indicates two important effects that are directly relevant to the ecological condition of the entire Delta ecosystem, and have implications for the management of the system. Firstly, change in climatic conditions affects all ecotopes, and not only areas defined by change in 'flooding envelope'. For example, drier climatic conditions will result in a reduction in area of all inundation-dependent ecotopes: aquatics, sedge-land and flooded grassland (savannah will obviously increase in extent, as it corresponds to the area that is not subject to inundation), and not just the aquatics. Additionally, the proportion of change may not be consistent across ecotopes; that is, the reduction in extent of some ecotopes may be substantial, while the extent of other ecotopes might change less.
Secondly, change in climatic conditions results in 'migration' of ecotopes within the system: ecotopes and their boundaries may shift towards the Delta inlet, or towards the distal parts of the Delta, depending on whether respectively drier or wetter conditions are simulated. Such effects could be associated with only limited change in the extent of flooded grassland and sedge-land ecotopes.
The effect of climate change on absolute and relative extents of ecotopes is significant because while each ecotope has a distinct ecosystem function, they are all ecologically linked through material or energy flows, or the provision of ecosystem services.
For example, the aquatic ecotope is either perennially submerged or submerged for more than 11 months of every year. Within this unit, anaerobic substrate conditions result in slow nutrient cycling. The stability conferred by perennial inundation, however, permits the development of more complex trophic structure, and this ecotope constitutes an important low-water refugium for many of the fish species (Merron and Bruton, 1995), including the commercially important cichlids. It is also a critical habitat for ecologically important fauna, such as the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), an ecosystem engineer (McCarthy et al., 1998b) and the crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), a major carnivore. Changes in extent of this ecotope will have direct effects on the populations of these species, and their ability to utilise and affect the seasonally flooded parts of the Delta.
The flooded grassland and the sedge-land ecotopes, on the other hand, are characterised by high productivity, primarily as a result of switching redox conditions in the soils with the sequestration of nutrients and their consequent release to the vegetation resulting in very high vegetative biomass production (Murray-Hudson, 2008). Much of this biomass sustains a very rapid growth of microbes and detritivorous consumers in the early stages of the incoming flood (Hoberg et al., 2002), enabling an up-trophic level movement of these nutrients and ultimately the export of a portion to other ecotopes. The pattern of usage of the seasonally flooded areas by fish for breeding and forage (Merron and Bruton, 1995) indicates that there is likely to be a significant return flow of nutrients from the seasonally inundated sedge-lands and flooded grasslands to the permanently flooded areas. The same seasonally flooded ecotopes are extensively utilised by grazing ungulates during the low-flood period, contributing to the extraordinarily high densities of wildlife which characterise the system during high-flood periods (SMEC, 1989).
Savannah represents floodplains that are infrequently flooded, either as a result of re-distribution of flows on a medium time scale, resulting in a successional trend towards woodland, or simply because of their topographic position in relation to sources of flooding. These old floodplains form the hinterland for the large fauna which are the resource base of the tourism industry. The relative proportions of dry and wetland ecotopes control the balance of the diversity of this fauna.
The second effect, namely that of migration of ecotopes, has more immediately apparent implications, however, for the human economy. There has been, in the past few decades, a large capital investment in physical infrastructure within the Delta: up-market lodges and the necessary infrastructure (including more than 50 airstrips) to service the US$350m/a tourism industry are dispersed across the landscape. Tourist activities are dependent on the particular ecotopes accessible. Migration of ecotopes clearly has the potential to render much of this investment wasted.
In an attempt to assess effects of future climate change on the hydro-ecology of the Okavango Delta, a simple hydroperiod-ecotope model has been created, and linked to the existing suite of hydrological models of that system. Future climatic conditions predicted by 3 GC models were used as an input to that suite of hydrological models and the hydroperiod-ecotope model. It was revealed that predictions of the analysed models differ not only in magnitude, but also in direction of hydrological and ecological change. Irrespective of the direction, change in climatic conditions will result in change in the extent of the Delta ecotopes, and change in their spatial distribution. Importantly, different ecotopes will be affected to varying degrees. The projected changes will have consequences for the wildlife-based management of the system. They will affect, for example, available grazing and migration/movement patterns of large herbivores, as well as fish. Such consequences can have rapid up-trophic level effects, ultimately leading to potentially substantial impacts on the economy. At this stage, however, given the uncertainty of each step in the complex process of translating modelled climate change into possible ecological change at an ecotope level, the main conclusion to be drawn is that management planning and systems should be as flexible as possible. Change will occur, that is certain, and modelling helps us to understand its potential magnitude.
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text:
But nowhere does this British gentleman shine more than as a songwriter. Lowe consistently displays a great sense of melody, impeccable song structure, hooks galore, featuring clever wordplay to embellish a terrific story, a memorable character or a unique way of looking at a situation.
Listen to the entire CD here, and listen especially for some of my favorite moments:
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One of my very favorite singers, Canadian Ron Sexsmith's "Where's My Everything".Caitlin Rose doing "Lately I've Let Things Slide", here.
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Purchase here: Music Millennium or at better independent record stores everywhere, especially in your town.
Lowe Country is a terrific collection of cover songs. Highly recommended.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
HSN has a spanking new host, Michelle Sorro, who is an alum of Donald Trump's "The Apprentice."
Since we haven't watched "The Apprentice" in years, we never saw her on The Donald's series.
But the blurb about her on HSN's website cites a quote from great wit Oscar Wilde, which says, "Be yourself: Everybody is already taken."
The burb says:
While the Oscar Wilde quote above is a favorite of Michelle Sorro, the Los Angeles native is well-known for a short quote of her own. "I quit." That's what she told Donald Trump on The Apprentice. "Best decision I ever made." It's a decision that eventually brought her to HSN, where she thinks she has the best job in the world.
Wilde is the author of one of our favorite quotes: "I can resist anything but temptation."
The HSN web site also describes Sorro as a published author and vegan.


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Today in the Southeast region of the Florida Public Archaeology Network offices, we are hard at work creating a new exhibit that focuses on 10,000 years of human history along the New River in Fort Lauderdale. Recently our office was awarded a Florida Humanities Council mini grant to work on the exhibit! Exciting! Our meeting today centered on the various ways we will display different watercrafts for the November 2011 exhibit, called "Then and Now: Life Along the New River." The plan is to show how different groups of people have used the river at various times to fit very different needs. The exhibit will educate the public about Florida's rich cultural history and the importance of preserving the past. Central to the exhibit is a prehistoric dugout canoe of the Tequesta Indians. The canoe will be showcased alongside both a historic watercraft and a modern stand up paddle board demonstrating change over time. What's great about this project is that we are able to work with all sorts of interesting people as we put the exhibit together. The community has been involved from the beginning, including students, history centers, and even our local paddle board shop. To learn more about the Florida Public Archaeology Network visit flpublicarchaeology.org!
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text: ICS-touting, Novo 7 tablet we saw back at the beginning of the month? Until now, the Ainovo (aka Ainol) branded device was a bit of a gambler's punt, with some Chinese sites charging a suspicion-arousing $60 shipping fee. Now, however, the odds are looking slightly better, with some US-centric retailers listing the 1GHz MIPS-based XBurst CPU slate as available for pre-order. With Gingerbread and Honeycomb versions still out there, you'll want to keep your eyes peeled and check exactly what you're getting. But, if you still really want some of the seven inch Android 4.0 budget-slab goodness (albeit for $19 more than initially thought), check the source links for more info.


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| 5.8°C Belfast
A teenage boy has been taken to hospital with a head injury after falling out of a moving coach.
The coach was on a roundabout at the junction of the M4 and M49 motorways, near Bristol, when the 13-year-old is thought to have fallen out of the coach's fire escape.
A critical care team from the South Western Ambulance Service was sent to the scene, but the boy's injuries are not believed to be life-threatening.
An ambulance service spokeswoman said: "We were called at around 6.53 this afternoon to reports that a child had fallen out of a coach's fire escape and suffered head injuries.
"It is not thought that the injuries are serious, but special care has to be taken with head injuries so he was taken to Bristol Children's Hospital."
The M49 has been closed southbound between junction 22 of the M4 and junction 18a of the M5 due to the incident.
The M49 was later reopened.


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Russet Plaid Bowtie
Sale price
Regular price
Item Type: Tie, Bow Tie
Material: Cotton
Pattern Type: Plaid
Style: Fashion
Size: One Size
- Shipping Times
Depending on your location, shipping times will vary. On average, worldwide shipping takes 10 to 20 days depending on your location (with U.S. orders taking the longest) and is sent via e-packet (a low-cost, trackable shipping option). In addition, please allow 2-3 days processing on our end as well as the supplier's end especially during the busy holiday seasons.
Skin care, hair care and beard care products are shipped from the U.S. and can take 3 to 14 days depending on your location. West Coast shipments are usually received sooner with East Coast ones taking 7 days and Canadian orders taking the full length of time.


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- Description
- Payment
- Shipping
- Return Policy
This Hybrid Tattoo Pen is designed to give you the closest feel to an actual pen that you can get with a tattoo machine.You can use this pen to do tattooing,permanent eyebrows makeup,lip line,eye line...All in one pen.
-Each of the Hybrid Tattoo Pen is CNC-Machined by aircraft Aluminium alloy and then anodized finish.The motor is 10w made in Taiwan,low noise,strong and stable to work, no hot for long time working.
-Operating Voltage: 7–12V DC.This Hybrid Tattoo Pen can be compatible with Cheyenne Hawk power supply and all other brands tattoo power supplies,you will get an plug adapter to work with all those power supplies.
-Rpm range Stitches/Sec:8V-8000rpm,min 8-800/sec
-Stroke: 3 mm
-Needle Protrusion: 0 - 3.5 mm
-Connection: DC 5.5 Jack plug cable,free plug adapter to fit all brands power supplies.
-Package including: 1 Hybrid Tattoo Pen,DC 5.5 Jack plug cable,1 Jack plug adaptor,1 needle cartridge.
Please Noted: this pen should connect with your own power supply/box to use, it can't work with adapter directly
Please keep the pen working under 12V to protect the rotary system and the motor.
Notes: Exceed Mini quantity 50pcs pen, you can put on your own logo
Warning and Disclaimer
If you are a tattoo artist, it's no problem to use Solong Tattoo equipments. But if you are a tattoo beginner, please pay attention to the following warning tips:
1. Before starting to tattoo yourself or others, please read the Instruction Manual carefully, the Instruction Manual in Tattoo Kit could tell you how to star a tattoo. You can also check more teaching Videos on facebook or twitter.
2. As a tattoo beginner, you should practice your design first on practice skins or on pears, apples, or something similar to human skin. This practice is necessary to improve your tattoo skills. You should have enough tattoo skills before tattooing on human skin, tattoo on human skin is permanent.
3. Before tattooing on your body, please make a Pigment Patch Test for the tattoo inks, if there are allergic reactions on test skin, please stop use the pigment and contact us for help. No matter which brand pigment you are willing to use, the Pigment Patch Test is necessary.
Pigment Patch Test:
a. Using soap & water or alcohol, clean small area of skin in inner forearm.
b. Apply small amount of pigment to the area and allow it to dry.
c. After 24 hours, wash with soap & water.
d. If no irritation or inflammation is apparent. It may be assumed no hypersensitivity to the pigment exists.
e. Test before application.
4. Please take in mind you should keep your body health before tattooing. A week body, such as drunk, catching a cold, or any other sickness, can't be done tattooing on body. It may result your body too week to recover your tattoo parts.
And you should keep your body health after tattoo as well.
5. Normally, the tattoo skin may take 5-10 days recover. Please keep the skin dry during the recover. Bathing, drinking, strenuous exercise is prohibited.
6. If you have any trouble or confuse to use our products, please contact Solong Tattoo directly.
We accept Paypal,Western Union and Bank Transfer.
Paypal is online and instant payment,we can arrange your parcel immeditely.Paypal payment is prefered. Our Paypal account is [email protected]
If you don't have paypal account, you can pay the order by Western Union or Bank Transfer.You are free to choose the the Bank Account with your Currency.
Bank Location: China
Beneficiary Name: Wang Quanyu
Bank Name: Bank Of China Yiwu Sub-branch
Bank Address: 503 Jiangdong Road Yiwu Zhejing China
1. Please send us the Bank Slip after your payment or tell us the Amount and the Currency you paid via email: [email protected]
2. Customers choosing T/T or Bank Transfer are responsible for all local handling fees and intermediary bank handling fees.
3. We will arrange your parcel immediately your payment clearance. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about payment.
Western Union
*Beneficiary First Name: Quanyu
*Beneficiary Family Name: Wang
Benefcaiary Address: No. 719 South Chengdian Road, Yiwu, China.
Post Code: 322000
Tel: +86-579-85556371
Email: [email protected]
1. Please send us the 10 Digital MTCN (Money Transfer Control Number) after your payment via email: [email protected]
2. Customers choosing Western Union are responsible for all local handling fees and intermediary bank handling fees.
3. We will arrange your parcel immediately your payment clearance. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about payment.
We have cooperation with UPS,DHL,Fedex,E-Paket,Post Airmail,EU-Express,US-Express,UK-Express,DE-Express,FR-Express,AT-Express,AU-Express,RU-Express,EMS and so on.All buyers can choose different shipping methods as you prefer.You can save more shipping charge here.
UPS,DHL,Fedex are Expedited shipping,normally,2-5 business days delivery.And the shipping fees are higher than others.There will be additional import duty occured when buyer choose these shipping methods.(Each country has imported duty-free amount,such as USA is USD800,Australia is AUD1000,UK is GBP15,EU is EUR22,Japan is USD130,Canada is CAD20...The parcel value under this amount is free duty).
EU-Express,US-Express,UK-Express,DE-Express,FR-Express,AT-Express,AU-Express,RU-Express,these shipping ways are special express for related countries,we called it Specail Express,the Special Express shipping time is about 4-7 business days(RU-Express is about 10-20 business days).This shipping way is free import duty and the shipping time is acceptable. We recommend buyer use Special Express to deliver your parcel.
E-packet is a better shipping way to USA for parcel weight under 1kg(1000g),the shipping time is about 7-12 business days,and the postage is cheaper.
Post Airmail is acceptable to all countries for parcel under 2kg(2000g),but it may take 15-35 business days for delivery.
We also provide Free Shipping for order more than 200kg or 1m³ (Cubic Meter) by sea.All products will be free delivery to your local sea port,buyers are responsible for customs clearance and pay the import duty.(Normally,the shipping time by sea is about 15 business days to West of USA port,25 business days to East of USA port,25-35 business days to European Countries...)
Solong Tattoo provide all products at factory-direct wholesale price,and all buyers will get our best service.We recommend Wholesalers and Distributors use the shipping By Sea to save more...
Return Policy
If you are not satisfied with the items you received,you can contact us for return within 14 days after receiving the parcel.The buyer pay the return postage.We will refund your full payment back when the returned parcel arrived.Be sure the item returned in original condition.The buyers are responsible for the returned parcel lossing or damage.
If the parcel arrived with damage,missing parts or wrong item,please feel free to contact us.We will resend the new parcel to you again at our charge.
Any more questions please feel free to contact us,we will solve your matter asap.


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With zombies, vampires, and ecological disasters destroying the world, it's time robots got another shot at the apocalypse. And soon a book and movie from the writer of How to Survive a Robot Uprising could put humanity under robot rule.
Daniel Wilson is angling to be the Max Brooks of robots, having written How to Survive a Robot Uprising and How to Build a Robot Army: Tips on Defending Planet Earth Against Aliens, Ninjas and Zombies (he also happens to have a PhD in robotics from Carnegie Mellon). His latest manuscript, Robopocalypse, sounds like the robotic answer to Brooks' World War Z, describing human life after a robot uprising.
DreamWorks and Doubleday have snapped up the movie and publishing rights respectively, and it sounds like it won't be too long before we're fleeing from swarms of nanobots and our household appliances. DreamWorks spokesman Mark Sourian cited the manuscript's "frightening level of realism," so hopefully we'll get a richer view of the robot apocalypse than we saw in Terminator Salvation.


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About Jacob Teitelbaum, M.D.
Jacob Teitelbaum, MD, is a board certified internist and nationally known expert in the fields of chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, sleep and pain. He is also the Founder of the Practitioners Alliance Network (or PAN) and author of numerous books including The Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Solution (Avery), the best-selling From Fatigued to Fantastic! (Avery Penguin), Pain Free 1-2-3 — A Proven Program for Eliminating Chronic Pain Now (McGraw-Hill), Three Steps to Happiness! Healing Through Joy (Deva Press), the Beat Sugar Addiction NOW! series (Fairwinds Press), Real Cause, Real Cure (Rodale), and the popular free iPhone and Android application "Cures A-Z." He is the lead author of four studies on effective treatment for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, and a study on effective treatment of autism using NAET. Dr. Teitelbaum does frequent media appearances including Good Morning America, CNN, Fox News Channel, the Dr. Oz Show and Oprah & Friends, and has been quoted as a medical expert in print media hundreds of times. He lives in Kona, Hawaii.
Dr. Teitelbaum battled CFS and fibromyalgia while attending medical school in the mid 70's. In his struggle to heal, he discovered treatments that were unknown to the medical community and began a quest that became his life's passion — helping those who suffer from these debilitating illnesses. The S.H.I.N.E.®-based treatment program he developed has helped tens of thousands of sufferers reclaim the vitality CFS/FMS once robbed from their lives. Through his books, speaking engagements and private practice, Dr. T has also reached many of you.
(Click here to view and download Dr. Teitelbaum's CV.)
- College/University (1969-1972) | B.A. — Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Medical School (1972-1977) | M.D. Degree — Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Residency (1977-1980) | Internship and Residency — Internal Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C.
Board Certifications
- Board Certified — Internal Medicine (September 1980)
- Founding Diplomate — American Board of Holistic Medicine (December 2000)
Honors and Awards
- ODK Honor Society, Washington University (1972)
- Who's Who Among Outstanding Americans (1995-2001)
- Who's Who of Professionals — International (2001)
Presentations at National Meetings
- "Effective Treatment of Chronic Fatigue & Fibromyalgia." Presented at the 2013 annual ABIHM conference.
- Annual CFIDS Research Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (1994)
- AHHA National Conference; led 2 workshops on CFIDS/FMS (1995)
- Myopain '95; an international myofascial pain conference held every 3 years, San Antonio, TX (1995)
- Frontiers of Pain Management, Phoenix, Arizona (1996, invited again to make presentation 12/97)
- Annual CFIDS Research Conference, San Francisco California (1996)
- NFRA (Fibromyalgia) Research Conference, Oregon (1997)
- Keynote address at AHMA Annual Conference (1998)
- International Myopain 1998 Conference, Italy (1999)
- AACFS Research Conference, Boston, MA (1999)
- ACAM, Reno, NV (1999)
- IAACN, Las Vegas, Nevada (2000)
- On faculty ABHM Board review cours, Denver, CO (2000)
- AACFS Research Conference, Seattle, WA (2001)
- American Academy of Pain Management, Arlington, VA (2001)
Intramural Presentations
On staff at Anne Arundel Medical Center. Currently emeritus member to allow time to pursue research and teaching activities. Many presentations given over the years including:
- Preventing CNS injury post CPR
- Evaluating for and treating magnesium deficiency in acute cardiac injury & arrythmias
- Evaluation and treatment of chronic Myofascial pain and Fibromyalgia
- Nutritional assessment and treatment of patients
Committee positions included:
- Chairman of Medical Records Committee (1980's)
- Dietary Committee (1990's)
Medical Research Studies
- Effective Treatment of Severe Chronic Fatigue States (2006)
- Effective Treatment Of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Fibromyalgia - A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study," Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: 2001 (Vol. 8)
- The Use of D-Ribose In Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study
- Improving Communication Skills in Children With Allergy-Related Autism Using Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques: A Pilot Study (2012)
- "Effective Treatment of Severe Chronic Fatigue States — A Report of a Series." Winter 1995 (Vol. 3, Issue 4); Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, p91-110 (1995)
- "First Reported Case of Idiopathic Dilation of the Nonprimary Pulmonary Artery," Chest (February 1978)
Medical Books Authored
- The Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Solution
Penguin Group, 2013.
- Diabetes is Optional
To Your Health Books, 2018.
- The Complete Guide to Beating Sugar Addiction
Fair Winds Press, 2015; Coauthored by Chrystle Fiedler.
- Beat Sugar Addiction Now! for Kids
Fair Winds Press; Coauthored by Deborah Kennedy.
- Real Cause, Real Cure
Rodale (Released June 2011; available at Amazon and bookstores August 2012). Coauthored by Bill Gottlieb.
- Beat Sugar Addiction Now! Cookbook
Fair Winds Press (January, 2012). Co-authored by Deirdre Rawlings, Ph.D., ND, and Chrystle Fiedler.
- Beat Sugar Addiction Now!
Fair Winds Press, 2011. Co-authored by Chystle Fiedler.
- From Fatigued to Fantastic!
Avery Penguin Group, 1996, and 2007, third revised edition.
- Pain Free 1-2-3
McGraw-Hill, 2005 and 2006 revised.
- Three Steps to Happiness! Healing Through Joy
Deva Press, 2003.
Professional and Society Memberships
- ASIM (1979 to 2000)
- AHHA, Annapolis; Board of Trustees (1980-1996)
- State Medical Society, Maryland (1980-2000)
- County Medical Society; Anne Arundel County, Maryland (1980-2000)
- Served on County Medical Society executive committee (1982-1984)
- Health Awareness Board member (1995 to 1998)
- Peer reviewer and physician supervisor for BPQA (1995-Present)
- Served as State Medical Society appointee to the Governor's Commission on Complimentary Medicine (1995-1997)
- International society for Neuroimmune modulation (1999-Present)
- American Association for CFS (1999-Present)
- International MyoPain Society (1999-Present)
- Advisor to various groups; including IMEGA (umbrella organization for M.E. groups in England), TYH and ProHealth (1999-Present)
Civic Activities
- Founder & president of a private Annapolis day school (ABJDS) and Chairman of the fundraising committee (1991-1994)
- Numerous lectures (over 100) given to the public on medical and health issues including over 75 radio and television shows internationally (1980-Present)
- On hospital physician team providing free medical care at a homeless shelter (on rotation basis) (1995-1998)


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IE7 Hits the Street
Just in case you missed it somehow, we released IE7 last Wednesday. In the first four days over three million of you have already downloaded the final release. Thank you! (If you're not one of those three million, you can get it here.)
We expect the numbers to continue to climb steadily until we start distributing via Automatic Updates in a few weeks. Clearly, we expect IE7 adoption to really take off then. If you haven't tested your website with IE7 yet, please use the tools Scott posted about a few weeks ago to help you prepare.
With the final release, we got a chance to do some fun tech community activities. For instance, on the night of the launch, we hosted a dinner in San Francisco for about twenty leaders in the local blogging community. Afterwards, Jeremiah Owyang posted his thoughts and Thomas Hawk put up a great set of photos. We also finally let our product managers do some real marketing. We have the first IE radio spot that I can remember us doing, and we created some mobile billboards that cruised through 10 major U.S. cities. I've included a few photos below.
Of course, we're not done with IE7 yet. Next up are the localized versions of IE7 for Windows XP and, of course, IE7 in Windows Vista. (Really!)
Tony Chor
Group Program Manager


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Medical Info
Medical FAQ
Ask a Medic
Referral Network
Join / Renew
Log In
Breathing Gases
OXTOX: If You Dive Nitrox You Should Know About OXTOX
Cardiovascular (Heart)
Patent Foramen Ovale - Is It Important to Divers?
Cardiovascular Fitness and Diving
Cardiovascular Medications and Diving
Patent Foramen Ovale
Connective Tissues
Lupus: DAN Re-Examines Concerns Over Diving With This Disorder
Decompression Illness
Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The Treatment?
Are Tissue Halftimes Real?
Flying After Diving -- Cracking the DCS Code
Estimated DCI Incidence in a Select Group of Recreational Divers
Juggling Physical Exercise and Diving
Diabetes & Diving
Summary Form - Guidelines for Recreational Diving with Diabetes
DAN and UHMS Publish Guidelines for Recreational Diving with Diabetes
Blood Glucose Response in Insulin-Requiring Diabetics
Diabetes and Diving – Update 2005
Diving Accidents
Assessing Basic Vital Signs
Drugs & Medications
DAN Discusses Malaria and Antimalarial Drugs
Pseudoephedrine & Enriched-Air Diving?
DAN Takes a Look at Over-the-Counter Medications
Ears, Nose, & Throat
Common Ear Injuries While Diving
Keeping It Clean: Reasons for Good Aural Hygiene
More On Swimmers Ear
Can You Prevent Otitis Externa, or Swimmers Ear?
Fitness to Dive
Fitness Issues for Divers With Musculoskeletal Problems - Part II
Fitness Issues for Divers With Musculoskeletal Problems - Part I
Medications for Depression and Fitness to Dive
Asthma & Diving
Demographics And Illness Prevalence in Recreational Scuba Divers
Bariatric Surgery and Diving
Gastrointestinal Issues
Diving & The Body Systems
Motion Sickness
Transderm Scop (The Patch)
Scanning for Blebs
The Ups and Downs of Buoyancy Control
Motion Sickness - Updated 2003
Infectious Diseases
Dealing with Dengue
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Zika virus outbreak
Marine Life
Debunking the Sea Lice Myth
I've Been Stung: What Should I Do? UPDATED 2004
Sea Urchins: Beware the Bearers and Wearers of Spines
Marine Life Trauma
Nervous System
CNS Considerations in Scuba Diving
Epilepsy and Diving: Why It's Not A Good Idea to Combine the Two
Headaches and Diving - UPDATED 2005
Headaches and Diving
Ophthalmology (Eyes)
High-Pressure Ophthalmology
Plastic Surgery
Cosmetic Plastic Surgery and Diving
Breast Augmentation Surgery
Non-Invasive Plastic Surgery
Psychological Issues in Diving III - Schizophrenia, Substance Abuse
Anxiety: Is It A Contraindication to Diving?
Psychological Issues in Diving II - Anxiety, Phobias in Diving
Psychological Issues in Diving
Women in Diving
DAN Explores Fitness and Diving Issues for Women
Breast Cancer Survey
The Risks of Pregnancy and Diving
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It seems like everyone's making machinima, right? Recent riffs on BioShock, Super Mario Brothers and GTA IV might even make the act of making original narratives from pre-built video game engines look easy. You just need to capture some footage and invite some buds talk over it, no? It's a lot tougher than that. How tough, you ask?
Reader Philip Kang can answer that question. Kang sent over his 22-minute-long "Eye of the Storm" mini-movie and included some information as to just how arduous the film-making process was:
• Each shot took an average of 5 hours or more to capture. The first 2-minute scene is made up of around 55 unique shots. That means it took approximately 275 hours to capture the shots for that scene alone.
• Since Master Chief was the only controllable character, marine and enemy AI had to be painstakingly manipulated to set up most of the scenes. It required over a hundred play-throughs just to stage the action required, not including blown takes.
• The camera had to be controlled in real time, without any coordinates or keyframes, and, in almost all cases, without any parenting or targeting options. Long story short, it was really easy to mess up when trying to capture the footage. Combine this with the lack of rewind in Halo 3's campaign-based saved films and you have a recipe for rage-induced, controller-tossing disaster.
• Probably as a result of the points mentioned above, Halo: EOTS is the only Halo machinima of its scope to ever be captured entirely in Campaign mode.
Kang also knows his opus is hella long, so if you want to get to the good stuff, start watching about 12 minutes in.
Halo: Eye of the Storm [YouTube]


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As noted before, the October 22nd episode of WWE RAW drew a 2.48 cable rating with 3.55 million viewers - just very bad numbers for WWE all around.
In the segment breakdown, Rey Mysterio and Sin Cara vs. Cody Rhodes and Damien Sandow opened with a 2.46 quarter rating, which is a very weak opener. Kofi Kingston vs. Michael McGillicutty lost 41,000 viewers while John Cena's promo and an appearance by CM Punk and Paul Heyman gained 530,000 viewers. Justin Gabriel vs. Antonio Cesaro in the rematch from a week earlier lost 372,000 viewers.
The high point of this week's RAW came in the segment with Vince McMahon, AJ Lee, Paul Heyman and Vickie Guerrero. That segment gained 529,000 viewers for a 2.91 quarter rating. This beat out the Cena segment that gained 530,000 viewers. The Miz vs. Ryback and the backstage brawl with Layla, Eve Torres and Kaitlyn lost 613,000 viewers - not a good sign for Ryback right now.
Daniel Bryan vs. Dolph Ziggler lost 253,000 viewers. That match was one of the most talked about in recent weeks and finished with a 2.31 quarter rating - the lowest for a non-holiday RAW segment in 15 years, although this record was broken later in the night.
The game show segment with Team Hell No and Kane vs. Big Show gained 62,000 viewers in the 10pm timeslot. John Cena confronting Vince McMahon and Zack Ryder vs. Alberto Del Rio gained 26,000 viewers. The lowest quarter-rating going back 15 years then happened as the Dolph Ziggler segment, a Ryback video and the Lumberjacks entrances lost 319,000 viewers for a 2.15 quarter.
The Lumberjacks main event with CM Punk vs. Sheamus gained 1,058,000 viewers for a 2.89 quarter rating.
Source: Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Subscribe to The Wrestling Observer by clicking here. Each issue has coverage and analysis of all the major news, plus history pieces. New subscribers can also receive free classic issues.


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Latest Comments
"Tried this craft? What did you think?"
"What a great idea! I am making afghans for veterans, and this would be wonderful for the next pattern I use.. Thank you for your comment!"
"How long do you have to soak the paint brush in fabric softener. I have soaked it for two hours and it hasn't done anything."
"OMG, what a great idea and a great way to use up old dishes."
Faux Dichroic Glass Recycled Bottle
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
This wonderful project comes to us from Michelle Zimmerman of Http-Design. With the help of polymer clay, recycle an old wine bottle, perfume bottle or other glass bottle into a decorative container. The techniques makes the bottle look like colorful dichroic glass with no glasswork experience necessary. Use the container as a vase or a liquid container for oil, vinegar, or other.
Find this wine bottle project plus many more in our free eBook, 25 Cool Things to Do with Wine Bottles.
- Pasta machine or clay roller
- Tissue blade
- Large discarded plastic bucket or container
- Discarded plastic container to stand the bottle on
- For mixing Envirotex Lite: 2 disposable mixing cups, 2 wooden popsicle sticks, gloves
- Disposable paintbrush
- Curing oven
- Recycled wine bottle
- Bottle pourer (available from www.fantes.com/stoppers.htm)
- 12 oz black Fimo Soft polymer clay
- 2' x 8" Mylar backed foil – Oil Slick color (from www.coveredinclay.com/foil.htm)
- Jacquard Piñata ink – Santa Fe Red and Sunburst Yellow
- Lumiere paints in Metallic Olive, Pearl Blue, Pearl Violet
- Envirotex Lite
- Houston art foil – variegated leafing flakes
- PearlEx powder - Brilliant Gold
Condition clay. Roll sheets of clay at #1 (thick) setting approximately 3/8 inch thick. Use clay pieces to cover bottle – trimming away excess clay with a tissue blade and sealing joints to get an even coverage. Cover bottle to within ½ in of opening (polymer clay should not come in contact with surfaces which touch food). Remove any air bubbles by slicing into the air bubble with a tissue blade or craft knife held at a 45 degree angle, press out the air and reseal the clay. It's essential you get a good even coverage.
Apply the Mylar backed foil to the clay decorative side facing up. Rub the foil lightly but firmly with your hand repeatedly to warm the foil and then lift the plastic leaving the foil behind – foil adheres to clay with heat and friction. Continue and apply foil all over the bottle. Aim for just less than 100% coverage – small areas of black clay are desirable.
Using Lumiere paints and a small paintbrush, paint random long brushstrokes across the bottle. Cross the colors over each other – you're aiming to give the project more dimension and color.
Using the Piñata inks, dip a brush into the inks and touch the brush to the surface of the bottle to make small dots. The inks spread on the clay so a little ink goes a long way.
Place the bottle into a cold oven preferably standing upright. Heat the oven to the required temperature with the bottle in it and then cure for the amount of time and at the temperature recommended by the manufacturer. Allow the bottle to cool in the oven before removing it.
Mix the Envirotex Lite according to manufacturer's instructions. It works best if you pour both parts into one container and stir to mix. Pour the mix into a second container – do not scrape the excess off the sides of the first container when you do so. Continue to mix in the second container using a fresh stirring stick.
Stand the cured bottle on top of an upturned discarded container in the large bucket. It works best if the bottle is standing on a container slightly smaller than the bottom rim of the bottle. As the excess Envirotex Lite won't be able to be removed from the containers, use containers you don't mind damaging.
Add approximately 2 tablespoons of the variegated foil pieces and 1/8 teaspoon of gold PearlEx powder to the Envirotex Lite and mix in.
Place an old cork into the wine bottle to seal it. Working over the bucket, pour the Envirotex Lite over the surface of the bottle and work it in so it covers the surface of the bottle. This is best done with a disposable paint brush or a gloved hand. You must completely cover the bottle with the Envirotex Lite.
When the bottle is covered, stand it on the upside-down container in the bucket, remove the cork and leave it until set. Perching it on a container ensures that excess Envirotex Lite runs off the bottom of the bottle and won't adhere to it.
- When dry, remove the bottle from the bucket and remove the plastic container from the bottom of the bottle. If you need to smooth the bottom of the bottle, sand the excess set Envirotex Lite with coarse sandpaper. Insert the bottle pourer cork.
Designer note: This is a fun effect and it's fairly easy to achieve. The Envirotex Lite gives the bottle a wonderful glossy seal. For best results, follow the two step mixing process and don't scrape the first container however tempted you are to do so! The product must be mixed thoroughly so it sets to a hard finish, if you don't mix it well and if you scrape the sides of the container, you risk it remaining slightly tacky instead of glass like – believe me, I've done it before!
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dmerkick 5444275
Jan 23, 2012
I don't think you should be telling your readers to use anything that you have used Envirotex Lite Resin and Hardener on for food or beverages. I don't believe it is food safe. BE CAREFUL.
fharbour 4796198
Nov 28, 2010
An interesting technique
Aug 27, 2010
superbe bises jojo
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White fills in at the midsole, while custom Spider-Man graphic insoles line the interior.The "Spider-Man" Insta Pump Fury will touch down at select Reebok retailers on Friday, June 8.via Eyescream Along with the 'Fluro Yellow' and 'Fluro Orange' hues, each pair also gets black accents, reflective PUMA stripes and speckled grey midsoles to complete the striking looks.The 'Mesh Evolution' Disc Blaze is available now at select PUMA retailers, including Packer Shoes. The tongues feature USA Basketball-style badges and a translucent rubber outsole caps off the look below.Stockists like Miami's Mr. Longtime fans were not happy with the changes despite the shoes being an instant sellout and still going for almost three times their retail price six years later.Hopefully, with Jordan Brand promising to bring us more quality controlled, "remastered" versions of their retros, we'll actually see a classic version of the "Flu Games" hit shelves sooner than later. It's like a nice introduction to the brand and it's really cool to make something that can get out onto the street in that kind of quantity. Images via JD Sportsby Brendan DunneWhen the Nike Air Huarache "Triple Black" pair showed up it was immediately deemed a must-have Huarache.It would stand to reason that other Huarache designs donning the same look would earn similar status, like this version of the Nike Air Trainer Huarache.
It all, of course, sits on top of a Zoom Air cushioned sole. You can pick up the Zoom Soldier VII now from select Nike Basketball retailers, and online directly from Nike Store.Images via afew The Spring 2011 Air Zoom Tennis Classic Collection is currently available at retailers like Kix-Files.Color: Black/Black-SailStyle: 375577-005Color: Velvet Brown/Velvet Brown-SailStyle: 375577-202via Kix-Files by Brandon RichardBuy Now: Finish Line, Foot Locker, Under Armour, Eastbay, ChampsAmong the several Under Armour Curry One Low releases on the horizon is the black-based style pictured here.Sure to be an on-court favorite for kids this summer, this pair arrives in black Anafoam and mesh, with contrasting silver logo hits and a stealth grey sole.Look for the "Two-A-Days" Curry One Low to release in gradeschool sizing (for now) on Saturday, Aug. hedcheq for turning my J's into ashes "i have failed again and again in my life and that is why i succeed" -MJ23A photo posted by "FLYIN HAWAIIAN" on Aug 7, 2015 at 12:05pm PDTby Brendan DunneIf you're going to customize a pair of "Space Jam" Jordan 11s, you might as well have someone at Nike do it.The above pair was lasered up by none other than Mark Smith, Nike's senior creative director of innovation, who has long been remixing sneakers with these sort of lasered looks. Taking the stage for BBC Radio 1's Hackney Weekend at the Hackney Marshes, RiRi laced up the Nike Air Yeezy 2 in Black/Solar Red as part of a pretty "out there" ensemble. adidas had to teach the factories how build the left and right shoes individually, a difficult adjustment for factories used to mass production."It was very complicated for our factories.
Brennan Hiro WilliamsIn addition to yesterday's Innovation Timeline, Nike Skateboarding also released a short video, taking us through the evolution of the Paul Rodriguez pro model. The animated flip book shows how the P-Rod line incorporated technology and aesthetics from all over the Nike universe, including Nike FREE, Jordan Brand and the most recent use of Lunarlon cushioning. Check out the video below: The good thing about the "Chef" Under Armour Curry Two Lows is that they got people to stop making fun of Klay Thompson's ANTA sneakers. As it's been rumored for the past several months, a "What The" Air Jordan 1 will be releasing this year.While mocked up by Photoshoppers and even produced by counterfeit sneaker manufacturers, no images of the sneakers are floating around just yet. justgerard] #NoCommission #Bronx #TheDeanCollectionA photo posted by Fabolous on Aug 13, 2016 at 10:04am PDTShoe: Riccardo Tisco x Nike Free Train Force Flyknit The Usual Suspects. The sneaker, whose colorway is officially billed as anthracite, uses black on black on black and not much else.The Nike KD 9 is striking for its $150 price tag, which aims to bring sell through rates for Durant's signature line back up by backing down from the $180 price of his last Nike sig model.Nike KD 9 "Triple Black"Release Date: 10/04/16Style #: 843392-001Price: $150 They did pick the right guy at the right time, however, as Rice landed the '97 All-Star Game MVP award while wearing them, before jumping ship for…Nautica. 3.


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Welcome to CureResearch.com
CureResearch is a popular and comprehensive online source for disease information, treatment options, and current research and clinical trial opportunities.
CureResearch provides free information on more than 2,000 diseases and conditions with articles on treatments and research options.
Use this site to look for information on a condition you may have, see what some of the treatment options are, and to view information on some of the current research taking place for a particular condition. You may also want to see some of the research and treatment trials for a particular condition that are currently looking for participants.
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SUPER BOWL: Harbaugh brothers stick to roles in press conference
NEW ORLEANS -- Brothers Jim and John Harbaugh looked comfortable sharing a stage Friday, just as they will do Sunday when Jim's 49ers face John's Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XLVII.
"Hi, how you guys doing. Welcome and thanks for coming," John said in his introductory remarks. "Just want to say what an honor it is to be here with each other."
Jim's simple response: "I concur."
Such is their contrasting personalities at their normal press conferences: John the gregarious type while Jim is the loose-lips-sink-ships responder.
The 49ers and Ravens will practice for a second straight day at the New Orleans Saints' facility in Metairie. John, however, said his Ravens will be "long gone" before the 49ers hold their penultimate practice before Sunday's game.
Instead of digging up their childhood memories, Jim chose to reminisce about the 49ers' great plays this season, adding: "The way players have played, that's why we are here, not because of any coaching decisions or what we did as kids."
The most sentimental aspect of Friday's press conference came when the brothers were asked to describe what they learned from their mother, Jackie, who sat among the media with her husband Jack and the boys' grandfather, Joe.
"There's nobody in the family that has more competitive fire than my mother," Jim said. "She competes like a maniac. So, No. 1, that is that.
Jim added: "She's always believed in us. That's the most important thing to me. She believed in me, John, Jacki. She took us to games, shot baskets with us and really believed in us."
Added John: "She was not happy when we built a hockey goal out of chicken wire when were about 13 years old and shot all the windows out of the garage. She had to call Jack in for that.
"She made it clear we were to have each other's back, no matter what," John added.
Although Jack tutored his sons on the game of football through his 43 years as a coach, the matriarch supplied other knowledge.
Said John: "We might have been talking about football with dad in the basement. Mom would talk about world affairs, history, the '70s and things in the world. I think that helped us become more well-rounded people as we grew up."
Jim's oldest son, Jay, has grown up to become a coach, too. After serving as an undergraduate assistant at Oregon State, Jay recently became an assistant on the Ravens' staff.
"Maybe that'll be our edge, he'll tip the scale," John joked.
The most humorous segment of the nearly 30-minute session came when the brothers were asked about their philosophical similarities and differences.
"Philosophical commonalities? I'd be hard pressed to spell philosophical right now," Jim replied.
Added John: "I know we couldn't spell commonalities."
Come Sunday night, one of the brothers will be holding the Lombardi Trophy, something they gathered around with their family for a photo after the press conference.
"I've absolutely given no consideration to the postgame handshake or hug, not for one second," John said, when asked if there could be a postgame bear hug. "'Have you, Jim?'"
"No," Jim Harbaugh said.


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Islamic frames Design 1
- EASY TO USE & READY TO HANG - This product is a complete set which includes a matt finish black colour frame with mount hooks along with the poster printed on thick premium paper.
- DURABLE & LONG LASTING WITH REUSE CAPABILITIES - High Definition printing, strong clear acrylic front cover and mdf back panel provide it the strength to last long
- STYLISH DECOR ITEM - They will add meaning to your rooms, filling them with colour and vibrance. They instil good vibes, thoughts and spread positive energy in you and the people around you
- GIFTING INSPIRATION - It serves as a perfect gift for your loved ones, colleagues and friends. Its longevity and great use would really give them something to remember you by
- REFLECT YOUR PERSONALITY & ATTITUDE - Let your home and office speak the language you want & reflect the personality you are.
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Male Hatchling
Name: unnamed
Species: Accipito Crystalwing
Birthday: Friday, May 11, 2018
Owner: Siggy
The accipito hatchling is quite the handful to keep up with. Now that it has hatched, it no longer requires high temperatures and will happily go anywhere and everywhere with no ill effect. If it feels threatened or gets startled, it defends itself with blasts of heat. While not strong enough to cause serious burns, they hurt enough to make most other creatures wary of the hatchling.
Accipito crystalwings are creatures from the deepest caverns of Nareau. They live in groups of several dozen creatures that aggressively defend their home cavern and young against outside intrusions. Accipito crystalwing caverns can be identified easily from a distance; the crystalwings heat up their home cavern to a temperature barely bearable to humans. Just passing through one of those caverns can cause damage similar to a sunburn. This temperature is required for accipito eggs to develop correctly. If they are kept at lower temperatures for long, the hatchling will die in the egg. Therefore, growing them at the Keep requires special chambers that are kept heated by fires or appropriate magic. Accipito crystalwings grow almost to the size of a human, although they are much lighter thanks to their slender build.
Sprite art: Lazuli | Description: Morgaln


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This dog is recommended for a home with adults only.
Due to my physical appearance, I may experience discrimination and be unable to live in a city with Breed Specific Legislation.
This pet comes with 30 days of pre-paid pet health insurance. For more information please visit www.sheltercare.com or call 1-866-375-PETS.
Our organization offers 24PetWatch microchips, which include free registration into the 24PetWatch pet recovery service. For more information visit www.24petwatch.com or call 1-866-597-2424.
We make every effort to keep these pages up to date. However, there is an unavoidable delay after adoption of an animal before the page can be updated. Any animal you see here may no longer be available for adoption. Feel free to come in and visit!
Due to scientific studies that indicate the unreliability of visual breed identification, unless an animal is brought to us with DNA results or AKC paperwork, we can only presume that animal is a mix of various breeds. Due to this fact, we will list those animals as "mix".


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The mood was jubilant at the Transbay Terminal construction site in downtown San Francisco this afternoon as political leaders gathered to watch Gov. Jerry Brown sign Senate Bill 1029, the hard-won recent authorization for selling the first $4.7 billion in state bonds to fund the California High-Speed Rail Project.
That money – part of the $10 billion that voters approved for the project in 2008 – and $7.9 billion in federal matching funds will go mostly to build the first high-speed rail section linking Merced to the San Fernando Valley. But it also includes money for related projects in the Bay Area, including $820 million to electrify and improve the Caltrain tracks that the project will share, $145 million for BART replacement cars and track improvements, and $61 million for SF's Central Subway project.
The fact that Brown chose Transbay Terminal – the northern terminus for trains expected to travel at up to 220 mph between there and Los Angeles' Union Station in less than three hours by the year 2027 – was an indicator of his focus on the long-term benefits of the project rather than its immediate impacts, a theme he emphasized in his speech.
"What this is about is investing in the future," he said, pointing to the high-rises around him and noting how they were also the products of people with long-term vision. "The buildings that are up here didn't come out of fear, they came from bold risk-taking."
High-speed rail has been under increasing criticism from conservatives who complain about its cost (the total project cost is estimated at about $68 billion) and SB 1029 squeaked through the Legislation, with not a vote to spare in the Senate, where President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg and other political leaders had to twist arms to get it done.
"The people know we can cut, the people know we can patch and mend, but the skeptics wonder whether we have the will to build," Steinberg said at the event, which he said answered that question. "This is about economic vitality."
Mayor Ed Lee praised state leaders for moving the project forward and said, "This project means more than just celebrating a great transit system, which high-speed rail is," noting that the overall Transbay Terminal project will also include about 40,000 new residential units being built on a dozen surrounding buildings, including what will be the tallest on the West Coast.
But that project has its critics, including Quentin Kopp, the retired judge and former legislator who sponsored the bill that created the California High-Speed Rail Project and was the first chair of the California High-Speed Rail Authority. He has derided Transbay Terminal as simply a "real estate deal," noting that the tunnel from there to the Caltrain station is too expensive, still unfunded, and shouldn't be built.
Asked about that $1 billion-plus funding shortfall, Brown replied, "Let's see the first phase, then the second phase, then we'll figure out how to get it here." He criticized the "NIMBYs and fearful men" and emphasized the long view of the project: "I signed my first high-speed rail bill 30 years ago. It's taken some time to get this going."
Several speakers cast the project as an obligation to future generations. Deputy US Secretary of Transportation John D. Porcari said most of the country's most important infrastructure we enjoy today was built by past generations, and he asked, "Are we doing right by the next generation? Are we paying it forward?"


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Obviously no one, no one can ever top Joan Crawford and Bette Davis. Seriously epic legends, both. But, as Jim Brooks reports for the LA Times, director Walter Hill would like to do a new version of the 1962 "delicious hot mess of black comedy/chiller thriller." Among Brooks's casting suggestions: Meryl Streep and Glenn Close, Faye Dunaway and Shirley MacLaine, Angelina Jolie and Jennifer Aniston, and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Ha!
In case you don't know the plot, here's the gist of it: Jane was a big vaudeville star when she was a kid. Then she became all washed up and her sister, Blanche, turned into a huge movie star. One night, there's a car accident. It's unclear which sister is driving, but Blanche ends up in a wheelchair, and Jane takes care of her. They become freaky recluses, and as Blanche tries to restart her film career, Jane goes more and more off the rails. Cue the crazy faces and dead animals! How about Lohan for Baby Jane?


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Shabbat Shalom;
Your Peace of the Week
by: Marissa Anteby
Ahhh, the count down is on. Only a little while till Shabbat. Why not pamper yourself with a body scrub?Here's an easy body scrub that you can make right now. Here's what you'll need:
1. 1 cup of salt; it can be sea, Epsom or plain old table salt.
2. 1 cup of oil; baby, coconut, sweet almond, or even vegetable oil.
3. 6 drops of eucalyptus essential oil.
4. 4 drops peppermint essential oil.
(Don't worry, you can do it without the essential oils this time. But go to a health food store during the week and buy some, so you can use them next time.)
• Mix the oil in to the salt. Then add the drops of essential oil.
- Pour a spoonful of the scrub mixture on to a loofah or a washcloth. It's ok if the salt has settled to the bottom, get that part on your spoon.
- Apply the concoction to your skin, liberally. Don't scour too abrasively; salt can be harsh on delicate skin. Avoid getting the scrub on your face and neck. But feel free to spend extra time on your elbows, knees, and bottoms of feet.
- Now spoon on only the oil to your loofah or washcloth. Cover all the spots you got with the salt. Again, you could spend more time on your elbows, knees, and bottoms of feet.
- Rinse thoroughly in the shower or bath.
You should feel invigorated. The salt exfoliates your skin and the oil softens and moisturizes it. Enjoy this while you can, because your few moments of that "Calgon take me away," feeling are almost over… it'll be time to get dressed and back to reality!
Shabbat Shalom,
Related articles by Zemanta
- Oasisbotanica.com Introduces Natural Essential Oil Alternatives to Toxic Chemicals to Free Homes from Problems Associated with Stress, Bacteria, Viruses, and Bad Odors (prweb.com)
- Healthy is the New Natural — Eco-Me Natural Cleaning Products Were Created to Inspire Healthy Living Starting Inside your Home (prweb.com)
- How To Make Homemade Bubble Bath (apartmenttherapy.com)


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Your contributions will help us continue to deliver the stories that are important to you
Storm Ciara is expected to bring strong winds and heavy rain over the weekend.
Voters will be asked to vote on the 32nd and 33rd amendments to the Constitution later this year.
Over 3million people are registered to vote today, and polling stations will be open from 7am to 10pm.
IT'S THE FIRST of December, which means the beginning of Christmas month.
But today's date is also a bit more significant than in other years, because it marks the end of Level 5 restrictions that have been in place across the country for the last six weeks.
From today, retailers, hairdressers, gyms, cinemas, museums and libraries can re-open to the public.
Some shops are even making up for lost time by opening through the night tonight, and there have been reports of overnight queues outside a few retailers ahead of their re-opening today.
For the day that's in it, we're wondering: Do you plan on going to a non-essential shop today?
Poll Results:
As Sinn Féin defends itself this week over its stance on past events, Brian Hanley takes a look at the history of the party.
Noeline Blackwell of the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre says the law around image-based sexual abuse is useless as it pre-dates the internet and new legislation can't come quickly enough.
Dublin-based GP Mark Murphy illustrates where the failings are in how we fund our healthcare system.
Dr Philip Kieran addresses the issue of crisis fatigue and offers some helpful ways to counteract it.
Opinion: What exactly is the history of modern Sinn Féin?
Brian Hanley
Opinion: 'They are distraught when their images are shared by a former partner'
Noeline Blackwell
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MONTREAL - The Montreal Alouettes are going to give Canadian Kyle Quinlan a chance to play quarterback in the CFL.
The Hec Crighton Trophy winner as Canadian university football's top player signed a three-year contract with Montreal on Friday. The Alouettes formally announced the deal after the CFL completed the necessary paperwork.
The Alouettes also signed fourth-year guard Andrew Woodruff to a three-year deal.
Unlike many Canadian quarterbacks who've been switched to other positions, the McMaster Marauders star will be given a chance to make the Alouettes roster as a quarterback.
The last Canadian to start a CFL game was Giulio Caravatta with the B.C. Lions in 1996. The last Canuck to take a snap Danny Brannagan, who went in late in the final game of the 2010 season for Toronto.
"It's a hot topic with fans and media who want to see a Canadian kid break that trend," the six-foot-three 215-pound Quinlan said. "I try not to look at it as 'I'm going to be that guy.'
"I just want to make the squad and take it one game at a time."
Quinlan and Acadia quarterback Kyle Graves were signed and attended the Alouettes camp in the spring, but both were cut. General manager Jim Popp was ready to bring Quinlan back near the end of the season, but he was busy leading the Marauders to a second straight Vanier Cup final.
"I have to be realistic about it — the first thing I have to do is make the roster," Quinlan said. "Last year I got cut."
If he makes the team, Quinlan would likely be the No. 3 quarterback or spend a year or more on the practice roster.
Starter Anthony Calvillo, the league's all-time passing leader, is returning for a 20th season but backup Adrian McPherson is expected to sign as a free agent with another club. Montreal also has third-stringer Josh Niewswander and will likely sign another quarterback.
Popp said the team is in no hurry.
"A lot of quarterbacks in the CFL only start to step up and shine when they're 30," he said. "We'll see how it goes."
Decades ago, Canadian quarterbacks flourished in the CFL, from Russ Jackson in Ottawa to Gerry Dattilio in Montreal.
Few have had the chance in recent years.
The Alouettes drafted University of Montreal quarterback Marc-Olivier Brouillette in 2010 but he has made his career as a linebacker and special-teams player. Former Laval quarterback Mathieu Bertrand is a fullback in Edmonton.
That may be changing somewhat, as former University of Ottawa star Brad Sinopoli is a No. 3 quarterback in Calgary.
The Alouettes are keen to promote Canadian quarterbacks. Beside Quinlan and Graves, they had six university passers in training camp for two days to soak up the atmosphere and learn from Calvillo and the coaching staff.
Quinlan called Montreal the ideal place for a young quarterback to learn.
"They've got probably the best quarterback in pro football, period, and (head coach) Marc Trestman is one of the best quarterback gurus," he said. "Anytime you jump between levels there's a learning gap.
"I went through that going from high school to university. I adapted to the speed of the game and put in my time and eventually had a good career. It'll be the same in the pros."
Popp said there is a lot to like about Quinlan, who got some playing time with the Alouettes in a pre-season game against Toronto.
"Intelligence, demeanour, leadership, skillset — there's a lot to work with," said Popp. "There's a lot of development.
"Whether you're Canadian or American, it's rare for any quarterback to step in and play."
Quinlan got his first taste of the CFL at the Hamilton Tiger-Cats camp in 2010 but was bypassed in the 2012 Canadian college draft. Montreal signed him as a free agent.
He led McMaster to an overtime victory over Laval at the 2011 Vanier Cup, but then was on the losing end against the Rouge et Or at this year's CIS championship game.
Quinlan set a CIS record this season by completing 68.9 per cent of his passes. He threw for 2,457 yards and 19 touchdowns.
NOTE: The Alouettes will play on a new Fieldturf Revolution surface next season. McGill University announced that 25,000-seat Percival Molson Stadium will be refurbished with an improved drainage system and a new playing surface. The $1.445-million project is to be completed before the start of the 2013 season. The Stadium has undergone extensive changes since it was built in 1915.


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Archive for: Scotch Whisky Association
Best Australian and New Zealand trade mark cases of 2012
2012 was an important year for parallel importing cases in Australia. The Full Federal Court affirmed on two occasions that a breach of territorial manufacturing restrictions by a licensee will prevent an Australian importer of those goods from arguing that the trade marks have been applied with consent of the trade mark owner. However, this


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Elephant mimics Korean with help of his trunk
By Rebecca Morelle
Science reporter, BBC News
- Published
An Asian elephant called Koshik has astounded scientists with his Korean language skills.
Researchers report that the mammal has learnt to imitate human speech and can say five words in Korean: hello, no, sit down, lie down and good.
The zoo animal places the tip of his trunk into his mouth to transform his natural low rumble into a convincing impression of a human voice.
The study is published in the journal Current Biology.
Koshik's vocal abilities mean that elephants now join a growing list of animals that are able to mimic man, from parrots and mynah birds to more unusual animals such as sea lions or the recently reported case of a human-sounding beluga whale.
Meaningful conversation?
The study's lead author Dr Angela Stoeger, from the University of Vienna in Austria, said she first came across Koshik after videos of the elephant, who belongs to Everland Zoo in South Korea, were posted on YouTube.
After making contact with the zoo, she went to South Korea to record the animal so she could study its unusual vocal talent.
Dr Stoeger said: "We asked native Korean speakers, who had never experienced the elephant before, to write down what they understood when we played back recordings from Koshik.
"We found a high agreement of the overall meaning."
Dr Stoeger and her colleagues found that Koshik's calls correlated to five Korean words: "annyeong" (hello); "anja" (sit down); "aniya" (no); "nuwo" (lie down) and "choah" (good).
"Human speech has two important aspects, one is pitch (how high or low a sound is) and one is timbre (the musical quality of a voice), and Koshik is matching both of these aspects," Dr Stoeger told the BBC.
Usually, elephants produce much deeper sounds, sometimes of such a low frequency that they are outside the range of human hearing, and these calls can boom many miles away.
While Koshik was capable of producing these more typical elephant noises, he needed the help of his trunk to morph these into something far more human. The researchers said this was behaviour they had not seen before.
"He always puts his trunk tip into his mouth and then modulates the oral chamber," explained Dr Stoeger.
"We don't have X-rays, so we don't really know what is going on inside his mouth, but he's invented a new way way of sound production to match his vocalisations with his human companions."
She added: "If you consider the huge size of the elephant and the long vocal tract and other anatomic difference - for example he has a trunk instead of lips... and a huge larynx - and he is really matching the voice pitch of his trainers, this is really remarkable."
But while Koshik sounds convincing, the researchers do not believe that he has any comprehension of the words that he is saying.
Instead, they think that the elephant took up talking as a way to bond with his human companions.
Between the ages of five and 12, Koshik was the only elephant at Everland Zoo, and the researchers said that this was a crucial period for elephant development.
Dr Stoeger explained: "Humans were his only social contact - and we believe Koshik is using these vocalisations as a function to strengthen the socials bonds with his companions, which are humans in this case."
Animal magic
Professor Klaus Zuberbuehler from the school of psychology and neuroscience at the University of St Andrews said that the findings were "enlightening".
He told BBC News: "What's needed now, in my view, is field research with free-ranging animals to see if vocal imitation plays any role in the natural lives of elephants or if it's just a byproduct of human enculturation and socially abnormal upbringing."
Scientists say that understanding how and why some animals make sounds could help us to understand how speech evolved.
A limited but diverse number of species are capable of hearing a sound, copying it and then reproducing it. Understanding these vocal imitations could help to provide clues about the building blocks of language.
Prof Zuberbuehler added: "Vocal imitation... may be driven largely by specific social forces, such as the desire to bond with a specific other individual.
"It also makes me think that the evolution of vocal imitation may be more successfully investigated by comparing how different animal species use vocal behaviour to strengthen their social bonds, rather than by studying the anatomy and neurophysiology of vocal tracts."


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Carrotmob arrives in Africa
So far, Carrotmob has been most popular in places like Europe, North America, and Australia. As we become more and more of a global movement we've seen campaigns in Asia and South America, and today we are thrilled that we have finally reached Africa. The first African campaign will be in Cape Town, South Africa, on November 18th (tomorrow). It's being organized by a coalition of organizations, led by the local government of Cape Town. Read more about their campaign here.
Carrotmob campaigns always show the strength of local communities, but this is another great example of how the Carrotmob movement builds strong bonds across international lines. We've had the Helsinki organizers meet with San Francisco. The New Hampshire organizers have met with the Scotland organizers. The Toronto organizers have met with the Boulder organizers. And the genesis of this South African campaign was in Frankfurt. This summer on my tour of Carrotmob in Germany I met with Julia Karl to strategize, and she (along with Anne and others) have now set up a great campaign.
And it gets better. One of the things we talked about was how to successfully apply the Carrotmob model in communities that don't necessarily have money, and may not be educated about issues like climate change. So this first campaign will be targeted towards South Africa's climate activists, and it will be in a more wealthy part of town. But they are also working with leaders in Khayelitsha, the largest township in Cape Town, and we expect to see the first ever Carrotmob focused on an impoverished community early next year. Stay tuned!
You can follow these organizers on Facebook or Twitter, and you can also watch a livestream of Julia giving a Pecha Kucha presentation about How Carrotmobs Can Save The World at 3:30pm (Cape Town time on Friday). Africa! Here we go!