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Last updated on: 25th September 2020
The scope of this privacy notice covers the data processed within our enterprise business systems, customer portal and digital marketing platforms. Please see section 2 below for a breakdown of how we collect your data. This policy does not cover any specific product-based privacy notices for the products that we sell: these separate policies can be located within the products themselves or on your customer portal.
Capita Business Services Ltd are fully committed to keeping your information safe. This privacy notice explains what personal information we collect, why we collect it, and how we use it. We hope our policy is clear and transparent, but if you have any questions, please get in touch via the contact details at the bottom of the page.
- Who collects your personal information
- How we collect it
- What personal information do we collect
- How we use your personal information
- What our legal basis is for processing your personal information
- Where your data is stored
- How long do we keep your personal information
- Who we share your personal information with
- How you can amend your preferences
- Your rights
1. Who collects your personal information
Capita Business Services Ltd includes the brand of Capita Education Software Solutions (ESS) which sits within Capita Software.
- Capita ESS sits within the Capita Software division and consists of the following business units: Capita SIMS; Capita SIMS Independent and International; Capita Libraries; Capita Reading Cloud; Capita UNIT-e & Capita AGILIT-e; and Capita IBS Schools.
All of the above business units operate under the trading name of Capita Business Services Ltd. Our registered company number is 02299747 and further information can be found in our legal statement.
Registered address: 65 Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7NQ
Postal address: The Data Protection Officer, Capita plc, 65 Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7NQ
Data Protection Officer: Jenny Coombes firstname.lastname@example.com 07730 194043
2. How we collect it
Capita Education and Software Solutions (ESS) collect your data through our websites*, products**, customer portals*** and within our enterprise business systems.
*Our websites are:
- www.capitaeducationsoftware.co.uk
- www.capita-sims.co.uk
- www.capita-readingcloud.co.uk
- www.capita-unit-e.co.uk
- www.capita-agilit-e.co.uk
- www.capita-libraries.co.uk
- www.ibsschoolshub.co.uk
- www.simsnextgeneration.co.uk
** these separate policies can be located within the products themselves or on your customer portal.
***Our customer portal is My Account https://myaccount.capita-cs.co.uk (For SIMS, SIMS Independent & International, Reading Cloud, Capita UNIT-e and AGILIT-e, Capita Libraries and IBS Schools customers)
3. What personal information do we collect
We collect personal information about you (such as your name, address, email address or telephone number) when you give this to us as part of becoming a customer, registering for a customer portal login, signing up to our newsletters, completing a website form, or making a sales or support enquiry.
When you subscribe to any of our marketing or communications, you indicate that you have a preference to receive these communications. We store your preferences and give you the option to amend these at any time within your Preference Centre settings and customer portal profile.
As part of using our websites and customer portal, we may also store information about how you use our sites, for example the pages viewed, time spent on each page etc in order to be able to take steps to improve your digital experience. These behaviours including IP addresses are captured within Google Analytics, Power BI and other similar tools. You can read more in our website cookie policy.
As an employee of a contracted customer, in order to provide our services to your organisation we may need to collect personal information which data protection legislation defines as special category data, such as dietary requirements for an event registration, or screenshots of data within the products you've purchased that we need in order to investigate and resolve a support case. As a customer you agree to the need for us to process this information as part of your organisation's contract with Capita, or by submitting this information through the customer portal.
4. How we use your personal information
We may use your personal information following a:
• Customer visit - whereby we may contact you regards to items discussed or similar products and solutions you have expressed an interest in.
• Event attendance or registration (Including webinars) in order to contact you about the event itself and/or possibly future events and/or to obtain feedback. When registering for event we may ask you for special category data, such as dietary requirements, in order to meet your needs at the event(s).
• General enquiry or feedback where you may contacted us via telephone, email or other channels requesting information about products and services and we may use the data captured to help improve services or assist in finding a resolution to your enquiry.
• Marketing subscription where you would have signed up via a web form or other data capture point. This information will be processed in accordance to that stated at the point of capture. You can unsubscribe anytime or customise your preferences (See Section 9. How can I amend my preferences?)
• Customer portal registration where we may use your data to send important updates, event information, direct marketing and other useful information that will help you get the most out of the products and services available to you.
• Product Purchase where we may have obtained your data following the signing of a contract. We may use this data to contact you about product updates, financial queries, renewals and other useful information that will help you get the most out of our products and services.
• Sales Enquiry where you may have contacted us via telephone, email or other channels requesting information about products and services we have to offer or we have contacted you and you have expressed an interest. You can unsubscribe anytime or customise your preferences (See Section 9. How can I amend my preferences?)
• Support Enquiry where you may have contacted us via telephone, email or other channels to log a support enquiry about an issue or for general assistance. We may use the data captured to help to resolve your enquiry and may contact you after for feedback to help improve the service offered.
• Third Party data purchase where we may occasionally obtain your data from verified data supplier. We will only process data if a suitable legal basis has been established and will adhere to Capita Group Policy at all times.
• Training course attendance where we may have obtained your details following the attendance of a training course. We may use your data for the purpose of obtaining feedback to help improve the service offering.
• Your website – Occasionally we may need to obtain your details from your company website or from a publicly available website, such as Edubase. We will only process data if a suitable legal basis has been established and will only keep the data for a short period of time unless you have consented via any of the examples mentioned above.
5. What our legal basis is for processing your personal information
We will only collect and use your personal information (as described in section 4) in accordance with data protection legislation. Our legal basis for processing your personal information are as follows:
1. Contractual – We may process personal data associated to a contract or product purchase. It is important for us to hold this data in order to ensure that we have records from a legal perspective to whom signed and agreed to the terms of agreements and who to contact following issues and/or to send renewal information.
2. Consent – Where necessary we will only collect and process your personal information if you have given your consent for us to do so, for example, we will only send you certain marketing emails and process any sensitive information about you if we have your consent.
3. Legitimate Interests – We may use and process some of your personal information where we have conducted Legitimate Interest Assessment and have a legitimate business grounds for doing so. Under European privacy legislation here is a concept of "legitimate interests" as a justification for processing your personal information. As such, we may send you direct marketing if you are either an existing customer or B2B contact.
You have a right to object to our use of your personal information for these legitimate interests. Please see section 10 - Your rights and how to contact us for how to do this.
6. Where your data is stored
We store the majority of Capita ESS customers' personal information in our cloud-based enterprise business systems, which is a combination of Microsoft Dynamics 365, Office365 applications and Marketo. Our Microsoft Azure datacentres reside in Dublin (Ireland, UK) and all data is encrypted at rest and in transit and complies to ISO27001 standards. You can read more about Microsoft's commitment and compliance to data privacy and security in their online Trust Center. Our Marketo datacentres reside in San Jose, CA (U.S.), Ashburn, VA (U.S.), London (UK), and Sydney (AU) and all data is encrypted at rest and in transit and complies with ISO27001 standards.
7. How long do we keep your personal information
All personal data will be held in accordance with Capita plc group policy, and historical records will not be held without legitimate reason. We have a variety of automated retention policies in place that ensure data is regularly cleared down within our system if it has not been used, updated or interacted with in a reasonable amount of time.
Essentially, we will only hold your personal information on our systems for the period necessary to fulfil the purposes outlined in this privacy notice or until your request it is deleted.
8. Who we share your personal information with
The only people who have access to your personal information are staff within Capita whom require access to this to carry out their job in order to provide services to you (this could be across various business units, but still operating solely under Capita Business Services Ltd).
Some staff within our businesses operate outside of the EEA, for example our staff in India, however all staff are subject to the same Group Information Security and Acceptable Usage policies.
In addition we sometimes need to provide access to technical support partners in order to receive support on IT projects relating to our enterprise business systems. Our current support partner also operates under Capita Business Services Ltd and thus is subject to the same Capita Group Information and Security Policies and Procedures.
9. How you can amend your preferences
If you don't want to be on our marketing mailing lists, you can unsubscribe by opening the last email received from us and clicking on the unsubscribe or change my preference link usually found at bottom of the email. This will take you to your preference page.
If you are a My Account user, you can click 'unwatch' on any Notifications, Hot Topics or Forum threads that you are watching, unsubscribe from weekly my account emails here, or email email@example.com to have your My Account access deleted entirely.
10. Your rights
Under data protection legislation you have a number of rights in relation to your personal information. In relation to certain rights, we may ask you for information to confirm your identity and, where applicable, to help us to search for your personal information. Except in rare cases, we will respond to you within 30 days after we have received this information or, where no such information is required, after we have received your request. This section explains what they are and how you can use them, if you wish.
Accessing your personal information
You have the right to request a copy of the personal information that we hold about you. This is known as a Subject Access Request.
If you wish to request a copy of your personal information please address requests to email@example.com
Correcting and updating your personal information
The accuracy of your information is important to us. If you change your name or address/email address, or you discover that any of the other information we hold is inaccurate or out of date, please let us know by getting in touch with your account manager or service desk.
If you have a customer portal login, you can make some of these changes yourself by editing your profile.
Erasing your personal information or restricting its processing
You may ask for your personal information to be removed from our systems. Unless we are legally permitted or required to keep the data, we will comply with your request.
You may also ask us to restrict processing your personal information in the following situations:
- Where you believe it is unlawful for us to process the data,
- You have objected to its use and our investigation is pending or you require us to keep it in connection with legal proceedings.
If you wish to exercise any of these rights please email your request to firstname.lastname@example.com. We will endeavour to complete your request as swiftly and diligently as possible.
Right to lodge a complaint
You have the right to complain to the Information Commissioners Office (ICO) if you are concerned about the way we have processed your personal information. They can be contacted via:
Information Commissioner's Office
Wycliffe House,
Water Lane,
Tel: 01625 545 700
Changes to our Privacy Notice
This Privacy Notice may be updated from time to time so you may wish to check it each time you submit personal information to us. The date of the most recent revisions will appear on this page. If material changes are made to this Privacy Notice, for instance affecting how we would like to use your personal information, we will provide a more prominent notice (including email notification of the changes to the notice).
Contacting us
If you any questions or comments regarding the content of this Privacy Notice, please contact:
Or alternatively
The Data Protection Officer
Capita plc
65 Gresham Street,
(Email: email@example.com)


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High Impact Color Rendering
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PDF Print Engine can visually smooth
the sharp edges in text and graphics, especially helpful at low resolutions.
the sharp edges in text and graphics, especially helpful at low resolutions.
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Cache management
Repeating elements in VDP jobs, and step-and-repeat labels/packaging jobs, can be cached after rendering to minimize processing times. Opaque and transparent elements can be cached and retrieved. PDF Print Engine supports caching of both rasters and device primitives (Display List elements).
16-bit processing
PDF Print Engine can be configured for end-to-end processing of images and graphics defined with 16-bit colors, ensuring smooth gradients at any length (no banding), and precise colors on any substrate.
JDF-based automation
The PDF Print Engine integrates into workflows managed by Job Definition Format (JDF), the industry standard. This capability can be leveraged for in-RIP processing of impositions, text placement, etc.
PDF Helper
PDF Print Engine includes the "PDF Helper" utility for dynamic job configuration based on run-time inspection of incoming files (read-only).
Tight integration with PDF Library
For systems which include the Adobe PDF Library, PDF Print Engine can invoke it at run-time, enabling real-time modification of job content, immediately prior to rendering.
Non-binary halftones
PDF Print Engine can produce accurate 2-bit, 3-bit and 4-bit continuous tone output for non-binary halftone screening.
Inline image processing
PDF Print Engine can be configured for in-RIP modification of images using any pre-defined algorithm, and metadata inputs.
Object-level transformation
PDF Print Engine can apply transforms to all elements in a job, or to elements of the same type (e.g. images). In additional, individual objects can be discretely targeted for transformation.
PDF Driver support
PDF Print Engine can accept printstreams submitted directly from desktop applications via the Adobe PDF Driver. It can also accept PostScript via the Adobe PDF Converter.
Smoothest shades ever
Long gradient blends, both axial and radial, can sometimes show banding and artifacts when they include abrupt color changes. These unwanted effects have been eliminated. Continuous shading effects are consistently smooth, and more fluid than ever!
Optimized compression
PDF Print Engine can distinguish between images, vectors and unmarked areas, right down to the pixel level, which enables use of the most efficient type of compression, for each type of content.
Live Transparency
PDF Print Engine renders content using core Adobe PDF technology to accurately render transparent images and graphics, and effects such as drop shadows and feathering, even when combined with spot colors and smooth shades.
VDP support
PDF Print Engine supports Variable Data Print (VDP) workflows where job content is expressed as Optimized PDF or PDF/VT, or where a PDF file is used as a page element in any other VDP architecture. Direct mail and Transpromo jobs can take advantage of the full richness of the PDF imaging model with high impact personalized content.
ICC-based Color management
PDF Print Engine uses the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) or proprietary CMMs (Color Management Modules) to efficiently and consistently render job elements, defined in any combination of color spaces, to a reference printing condition (e.g. SWOP), using ICC profiles.
64-bit operation
64-bit processing delivers a large addressable memory space, and faster performance than 32-bit. PDF Print Engine is available for 64-bit platforms.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday, October 23, 2011
If You Love Something, Set it Free...
I've decided that I want to write about this John Farrell-to-Boston story/rumour/Nick-Cafardo-Baseless-Speculation.
Mostly, it's because I can't make up my mind about what I think. I think a blog post will help me organize my thoughts.
I really do agree with Alex Anthopoulos that the best way to attract the best talent, long term, is to allow them the freedom to pursue (what they perceive to be) better opportunities. This is very similar to any other work environment. Also, I would not want to employ someone that doesn't want to be with my organization, or was holding a grudge for being denied an opportunity. The Jays would be in an pretty good position in that they conducted such a thorough search last year, that they would be well prepared to hire another candidate. (Likely DeMarlo Hale, Sandy Alomar Jr, or Dave Martinez)
But I really hate the idea that Farrell could be going to a division rival. I hate that he had the chance to spend a year learning "on-the-job" and honing his mangerial style. The idea of letting him go to Boston for nothing would really irritate me. I would also hate the optics of the move, in that it would be tantamount to an admission that Toronto is a second-class city, that develops talent for 'bigger' organizations.
The other side of me just doesn't understand the story. Farrell just got to Toronto, built his own coaching staff, and has worked closely with the entire front office, who rave about him. Would going to Boston really be worth starting over? Maybe they'd pay more? I'm just not sure. Every report so far seems to assume that Farrell would jump at the opportunity, and would buy a house in Boston before his interview was finished.
At the end of the day, I really think I'll let this story play out some more. The Jays won't really suffer that much if Farrell did choose to leave, as there are plenty of capable replacements. The Red Sox would likely improve, but I believe that they will anyway, regardless of the new manager. The optics would be unfortunate, but it may never come to that.
Well, I guess that's at least some kind of resolution. Feel free to try to sway my opinion in the comments.
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Reviewed By Kyle J (Riverton, UT) Reviewed for a 1998 Buick Park Avenue —5/30/2016 10:25 PM
Best brake rotors and pads I've ever put on my car. Noticeably quieter and much smoother even when braking hard. The slots in the rotors keep the brakes from getting hot and squealing like they have in the past. Quick service and good prices. I'm very impressed and I'll definitely buy again.


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Agrichemical companies power up genetically modified seeds
One sunny afternoon, Andy Nagy and Donald Shouse drove past apple trees, plum orchards and sugar beet fields to a farm north of Twin Falls, Idaho. The late August setting was one of pastoral beauty, but the two researchers concentrated on the dirt underfoot. A farmer had asked them to come investigate some problem weeds. Along irrigation ditches and amid abandoned tractors the farm manager pointed out spots where he had sprayed the powerful herbicide Roundup. Yet kochia, a weed sometimes called "poor man's alfalfa," had stubbornly failed to die.
Using shovels and buckets, Nagy and Shouse collected soil from around the plants. The dirt looked innocent enough, crumbly and crawling with earthworms. But the kochia seeds it carried could devastate Idaho's sugar beets.
At the University of Idaho, weed scientist Don Morishita will test them to see if they have evolved to be stronger than Roundup. If so, they will be the first Roundup-resistant weeds found in Idaho. Morishita won't be surprised; he has long been expecting this day, watching as herbicide-resistant kochia has spread westward across the Great Plains.
Sugar beet farmers, of course, aren't the only ones seeing Roundup-resistant weeds; corn, soy and cotton farmers have the same problems. Resistance to Roundup, also known as glyphosate, is the most common, but herbicide-resistant seeds from companies like DuPont and Calgene (now owned by Monsanto) have also encouraged resistant weeds. Now, many farmers are turning to the same companies for a new solution: seeds modified to resist multiple herbicides. Weed scientists warn, though, that any fix will prove temporary, ultimately creating more resistant weeds and escalating the weed war, as farmers spray an increasingly potent mix of weed killers, many of them far more environmentally dangerous than Roundup.
To understand why Roundup-ready sugar beets appealed to Idaho farmers, you have to know how difficult it is to control weeds in beet fields. Sugar beets are unusually sensitive to herbicides, so it was always difficult to apply weed killers without killing the crop. Beet farmers painstakingly sprayed crops by hand with chemicals that often failed. So they tilled to uproot the weeds, which worked but increased erosion. Then, a few years ago, Monsanto introduced a solution: The agricultural chemical company genetically engineered a type of sugar beet that doesn't die when sprayed with the common herbicide Roundup. With Roundup-resistant sugar beets, farmers can spray entire fields with the chemical. The beets survive but the weeds die' and suddenly, the crop is profitable to grow.
At least, it used to be. If kochia becomes resistant to Roundup, many sugar beet farmers may fail to make a living, as weeds take over their fields and crop yields dwindle. "Herbicide-resistant weeds are a concern (for all farmers) but it's the sugar beet farmers that I'm most concerned about," says Morishita, because unlike corn and soy farmers, they have few alternative herbicides.
When genetically modified, glyphosate-tolerant crops entered the market in the mid-1990s, they were hailed as a miraculous, soil-preserving, time-saving gift to America's farmers. Monsanto's "Roundup-ready" seeds rapidly became the biggest show in town; today, nearly 95 percent of soybeans grown in the U.S. are glyphosate-tolerant. This generated huge revenues: The company made yearly profits of $1 billion on Roundup alone, until its patent expired in 2000, and generic versions of the herbicide became available.
Unfortunately, over-reliance on glyphosate created textbook conditions for the development of resistant weeds. Such widespread spraying ensured weeds with Roundup resistance would survive, and their number and range increased alarmingly, across roughly 14 million acres of cropland. The center of resistance lies in the corn belt, but Roundup-resistant weeds exist in almost every state, as far west as Oregon and California, and north to Canada. The solution proposed by the big chemical companies is to develop a new round of genetically modified crops, still resistant to Roundup, but with new genes that also resist a grab bag of herbicides, a characteristic known as stacked resistance.
Once approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, these seeds will allow farmers to spray additional herbicides when they encounter Roundup-tolerant weeds, without killing their crops. Monsanto will offer a new dicamba- and glyphosate-tolerant soybean. Bayer has added glyphosate and isoxaflutole tolerance to its soybeans. Dow's new soybean can also party, ménage à trois-style, with 2,4-D, glyphosate and glufosinate. DuPont has filed patents for crops holding seven herbicide-resistant traits. And a score of new, single-tolerance crops resistant to herbicides other than Roundup also await the USDA green light.
These new seeds mean big bucks for agrichemical companies. Patented, stacked resistant seeds will cost farmers more than plain old Roundup-ready ones. Buoyed by the prospect, Monsanto's stock price hit a two-year high in early October.


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Henriikka Gröndahl
Henriika Gröndahl was born in Finland and received her training at Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow.
She had her debut in 2004 as Mimì in La Bohème at the Scottish Opera in Glasgow, followed by Pamina in The Magic Flute at the Brittish Youth Opera and Papagena in The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne Touring Opera. Her Swedish debut took place in 2005 at the Royal Opera in Stockholm as the Princess in Ravel´s lyric fantasy The Child and the Spells. Since then she has sung Fiordiligi in Cosi fan tutte at Sage in Gateshead, directed by Sir Thomas Allen, Donna Elvira in Don Giovanni for the Scottish Opera during the Edinburgh Festival in 2006 and The Fifth Maid Servant in Electra at Gran Teator Liceu in Barcelona.
Roles she has performed at The Göteborg Opera are Nanetta in Falstaff, Pamina in a short version of The Magic Flute on Göta Square, soloist in Jultrad-i-ton and most recently, Musetta in La Bohème. Henrikka Gröndahl is a frequently engaged concert singer both in Sweden and in other countries.


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Dear Reader(s),
After about two years at this domain, I have decided to pack it in.
Now, considering the millions of readers I have, I'm sure all of you will be crushed to read this. After all, where else will you go to get your fix of the mundane but green? 🙂
So, on second thought, I've NOW decided I couldn't bear the hundreds of thousands of emails and tweets that I was going to get begging me not to go, to keep filling Google readers and searches with the enlightenment that my blogging provides.
Ok, ok, all joking aside, I'm not going anywhere. But I am moving to a new address. It's time for a fresh, new start, with a new domain that's a little easier on the tongue, and a broader lease on life.
It's at http://crunchychelle.com and I hope you will update any readers or bookmarks or subscriptions and follow me there.
My hope is that it'll be a bit more broad than Little House was. I always felt constrained by Little House, to post only things related to the house in some way. Silly, I know; I definitely created my own limitations, but it is what it is. Or was. I'm hoping I can break out of my own self-created limits and start blogging about even more things, but still with a green focus. I'm taking a lot of Little House over to Crunchy Chelle with me but I'm excited to branch out a bit too.
I won't be updating here anymore, so I want to thank you for reading Little House! Get ready for more crunchiness though and head over to…
Filed under: Uncategorized | Leave a comment »


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Arabian Horse: Portrait by Stephen Kline
Art drawn entirely from the word Arabian.
Unique gift for Arabian Horse lovers ~
Arabian horse art portrait has hand applied pen and ink, making each print an original artwork. These unique fine art 11"x 17" lithographs, created by drawing the name of the horse breed over and over, are hand signed and numbered in editions of 500 by internationally known artist Stephen Kline. His collectors number in the thousands from over 20 countries and every state in the US. Kline's art has generated tens of thousands of dollars for animal rescues worldwide. Fast, free shipping.
Scroll over photo to see words.
Click here to add a custom made frame designed by artist Kline. The $225 price includes assembling the art into the frame, as well as shipping via FedEx.


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Oak House exists as a resource for those sufferers from dementia and their carers by way of offering a programme of positive stimulation within a secure and intimate home setting. Experience has shown that it is not sufficient just to care for persons with this condition – if abilities are to be maintained as far as is possible then active stimulation of mental function is of the utmost importance. The Responsible Person for Oak House, Dianne Smyth, has not only personal experience of caring for a family member with dementia but has, for the past twenty seven years, also been involved in caring for people suffering from dementia within a residential home setting. This has given her an unique insight into both the personal and business aspects of their care.
The Oak House is, quite deliberately, restricted to just eleven residents. It has become a trend over the past decade or so for care homes to become ever larger in numbers but the risk in that is individual care can become compromised within an institutional setting. High quality individual care is best assured with well trained staff looking after no more residents than they can comfortably cope with.
The core principle of care at Oak House is an empathic, psychosocial approach that mirrors, as far as possible, the environment of the resident's own home. Sufferers from dementia, as part of the process, have an altered view of the perception of reality from others. It is not productive to try to reorientate that perception to accord with the more normal view or, indeed, to try and suppress it with medication. Either of those approaches end with frustration for both carer and sufferer.
A psychosocial-based programme, on the contrary, is a communicative strategy. It's principle is that it matters little that perceptions differ between carer and sufferer - what's important is the establishment of a communication that allows both to exist together. Frustration, and the difficulties of behaviour that follow, are thereby minimised. Staff need a high degree of training for this approach because it is not something that everyday experience prepares us for. But, in the right hands, it can be very rewarding.
December 2019 Inspection Report
March 2020 Inspection Report
Really good information all about dementia.


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Texas Employment Interview Package
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- (-) Remove Special Topics Courses filter Special Topics Courses
- (-) Remove Governance filter Governance
- (-) Remove Education Outreach filter Education Outreach
- (-) Remove Library filter Library
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- People (1620) Apply People filter
- MBL Courses (777) Apply MBL Courses filter
- Local Area (235) Apply Local Area filter
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- Publications (75) Apply Publications filter
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- Tools (43) Apply Tools filter
- Community Events (12) Apply Community Events filter
- Organisms (9) Apply Organisms filter
- Special Topic Courses (8) Apply Special Topic Courses filter
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Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2011 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2011 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2011
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2009 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2009 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2009
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2010 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2010 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2010
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2010 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2010 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2010
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2008 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2008 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2008
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2009 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2009 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2009
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2007 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2007 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2007
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2007 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2007 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2007
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2008 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2008 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2008
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2006 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2006 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2006
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2005 fall
Faculty and students in the Fall 2005 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2005
Biomedical Informatics Course Photograph 2005 spring
Faculty and students in the Spring 2005 Biomedical Informatics course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2005
Molecular Mycology Course Photograph, 2005
Faculty and students in the 2005 Molecular Mycology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MACreated: 2005
100 Years Exploring Life, 1888-1988: the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole
In 1988 the Marine Biological Laboratory celebrated its centennial. In this well-researched, sometimes humorous, always human "biography" of this eclectic institution, historian of science Jane Maienschein catches a glimpse of what it is that has made the MBL so special to all who have spent any time there.Created: 1989
The Marine Biological Laboratory-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library
In 1888 when students and investigators arrived in Woods Hole for the inaugural session of the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), they recognized the need for a library collection of books and journals. The one wooden building on campus, later known as Old Main, housed everything, with researchers upstairs and the student laboratory downstairs. Lectures were held in one corner, and shelves held what books and journals were contributed. As the first MBL Director Charles Otis Whitman noted in his 1888 Annual Report, having a library was absolutely essential for the success of the lab and would have to be provided somehow. The initial core volumes should include reference works and textbooks, and also the important journals in the four languages thought to be essential at the time.
By the second year, Whitman's report expressed gratitude for the many contributions to the library. For Whitman, a "comprehensive biological library" would be the foundation on which a first rate laboratory would be built. Both research and instruction depend on such a resource. This early commitment to building a comprehensive journal collection as well as collecting the most important books has paid off, so that the library has been called a "national treasure" and has long been arguably the best complete and focused collection of life science journals available.
The vision for a great library was essential in attracting donations of funds to purchase journals and books, of course, but there were also other strategies for collecting. Visitors to the lab were invited to submit reprints and other research materials. When the MBL began publishing The Biological Bulletin in 1899, they immediately established an exchange program with other journals and publishers. This exchange program was critical especially in the years of WWI and again in WW II, when few libraries had funds to purchase volumes and international cooperation was more challenging. Yet it was possible to continue publishing copies of their own publications and to exchange them later when regular mailings resumed. As a result, the MBL-WHOI (the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) library has complete runs of most journals even when other libraries are missing those difficult years. When funds were available, the MBL purchased back issues to fill in incomplete runs and binding of individual issues into volumes became a priority very quickly (as mentioned in the fifth annual report). In 1895 Whitman urged that $1000 per year was needed just to sustain the current level of library acquisition.
In the report for the years 1896–1899, Cornelia Clapp provided the first official "Report on the Library." Clapp had been the first student to arrive at the lab in 1888 and had returned as an investigator; she also became the first woman trustee in 1910 and served in that role until her death in 1934. It is fitting that she served as first librarian, enthusiastically growing and protecting the collection that she also used. Though referred to as "Miss Cornelia M. Clapp, Librarian," she held a PhD from Syracuse University in 1888 and another PhD from the University of Chicago, where she worked with Whitman. In her first report she acknowledged the many gifts to the lab, including the accumulating files of papers contributed by lab researchers themselves. She appealed for more funds for purchasing and binding journals. This remained the theme for many years.
At first the library collection was housed in the shelves along one end of the wooden building. One year, many of the volumes seemed to have disappeared, but the next summer they were discovered tucked up into the roof, apparently for protection from storms though not successfully protected from all the birds. As the collections continued to grow, they added to the demand for more space. Finally, when the first permanent brick building was constructed in 1914, the library had a safe and protected home. This building, funded by second MBL Director Frank Rattray Lillie's father-in-law Charles Crane, and named the Crane Building, gave the MBL a way to demonstrate to all potential donors and supporters that the MBL intended to last forever and to make an impact with its research and teaching missions.
The library budget remained $1000 a year, and despite its new secure home, collections depended very much on donations. Individuals donated money and books, journal exchanges expanded, and the librarians persuaded publishers to donate volumes that were then put on a New Book shelf as advertising, so that visiting scientists would go back home and have their institutional libraries buy them. In 1913 H. Mc. E. Knower served as librarian and in his report strongly urged that the library needed an assistant to serve as a year-round librarian. Just having a volunteer scientist in the summer was not enough, since the collections were often left in a chaotic muddle of energetic use by the end of a season and there was nobody there during the rest of the year to straighten things out. Especially as the number of donated reprints grew, and as they received a great deal of use during the summer, it was considerable work just restoring the collection to order. Also, trying to keep on top of all the donations and exchanges during the summer alone was insufficient.
With a new building and library facility, it was time to hire a librarian. Miss May E. Scott accepted the position and developed new catalogs, formally reaccessioned all the materials, and determined that the library had over 3300 volumes, plus about 1500 reprints. During the first year of her service, the library bound over five hundred volumes, replaced missing numbers, and added many more items. With a generous donation of over 2500 duplicates from the American Museum of Natural History, the library had achieved a new level of excellence.
Through the years, major donations have come at critical times from such groups and foundations as the Carnegie Foundation, and the General Education Board ($10,000 in 1926), so that after a period of intense growth, by 1926 the library had already grown to 18, 220 volumes plus a carefully catalogued 38,000 reprints.
In 1924 the library moved to what became the five permanent stacks in the Lillie Building—a substantial brick building that extended the Crane laboratories. The building was constructed with major donations of well over one million dollars, especially from Rockefeller Foundation and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. personally, Carnegie Corporation, and Charles Crane. The tremendous collaborative success shows just how highly the MBL was regarded as a place of life science research and education.
After Jane Fessenden became Librarian, the staff and collections grew considerably, as did their use. By the 1980s, it was becoming clear that the library was gathering a substantial collection, including some very valuable books and complete runs of journals that could not be replaced. The Rare Books Room and Archives opened in the 1980s after Cathy Norton took over as Librarian. The library moved to electronic publishing, with an emphasis on providing access for scientists in a way that successfully archives publications for continued use.
The Rare Books Room and Archives contain rare books, of course, a catalog of which is available to anyone since the MBL-WHOI Library is committed to making materials available for use rather than preserving them in ways that exclude legitimate scholarly access. There are some artifacts, including a few items from courses or Albert Szent-Gyorgyi's Nobel Prize for his work on vitamin C in Hungarian paprika peppers. The collection includes a few archival files, including some from Frank Lillie that were transferred to the MBL from the University of Chicago, as well as some notebooks, scrapbooks, and letters. And the collection has brought together valuable historical research materials into library exhibits, including the Leuckart Charts and other collections. In addition, the MBL is home to marvelous MBL Library Photograph Collections, featuring early photographs dating back to before the MBL was founded, a number of scrapbooks, and the wonderful Alfred Frances Huettner Collection.
Today the library serves both the MBL and WHOI, based on a decision to combine resources to make an internationally leading library rather than to compete in the same small village of Woods Hole. The MBL-WHOI library provides services for library researchers, some of whom draw mainly on the electronic journals, and Library Director Cathy Norton has become a leader in promoting bioinformatics and extending the use of the collections through networks of users.
As a result, one might be tempted to think that there is no reason to come to the actual MBL, since one can sit home and access modern journals on line. But this remains a vibrant place of science in the labs and in the courses. The library is a place where readers can find everything, pull it off the shelf, and see what else was going on in the same journal or at the same time. For at least the past decades, the MBL has seen a number of library readers who come precisely because they can find whatever they need "right there." Recently, the library has added the formal category of Library Researcher, for those who come to spend a sabbatical, finish a major book project, or to collaborate with other scholars while using the library resources. The MBL-WHOI Library is very much an active place to find many kinds of wonderful materials but also a great place to find other people who know things and know where to find more materials. This place will never become obsolete because it is leading library information systems development, as through the Encyclopedia of Life Project and the Biodiversity Heritage Library. And this is also where the archival materials are housed and where scholars will find those materials and other scholars studying them.
- Marine Biological Laboratory Annual Reports: available in the MBL The Biological Bulletin Vols. 17 and 21–105 at http://www.archive.org/details/biologicalbullet01mari and beginning with 2004 at http://www.mbl.edu/governance/gov_annual_report.html.
In 1888 when students and investigators arrived in Woods Hole for the inaugural session of the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), they recognized the need for a library collection of books and journals. The one wooden building on campus, later known as Old Main, housed everything, with researchers upstairs and the student laboratory downstairs. Lectures were held in one corner, and shelves held what books and journals were contributed.Created: 2008-10-25
James David Ebert (1921-2001)
James David Ebert studied the developmental processes of chicks and of viruses in the US during the twentieth century. He also helped build and grow many research institutions, such as the Department of Embryology in the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore, Maryland and the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. When few biologists studied the biochemistry of embryos, Ebert built programs and courses around the foci of biochemistry and genetics, especially with regards to embryology. He eventually directed the MBL's Embryology Course, and later, the MBL itself.
Ebert was born on 11 December 1921 in the town of Bentleyville, Pennsylvania. He attended public schools while growing up and then graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania in 1942. Not long after graduation he joined the United States Navy and eventually became a lieutenant. Ebert was stationed on a destroyer in the Pacific Ocean that was attacked by a kamikaze pilot. The destroyer sank and Ebert spent twenty-four hours in the ocean until being rescued. Afterwards, as a biologist, Ebert befriended and trained several Japanese developmental biologists.
In 1946 Ebert began working towards his PhD in developmental biology under the instruction of Benjamin Willier at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. In the same year he married Alma Goodwin, who was a Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency during the war. Ebert received his PhD in 1950 and immediately became a member of the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. After one year at MIT, Ebert moved to Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. Ebert became an associate professor of zoology by 1955, and he had started a program of experimental embryology. He studied chick embryos and the processes by which the protein make-up of the embryos changed throughout development.
Six years after receiving his PhD, Ebert became the director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Embryology, in Baltimore, Maryland. Prior to Ebert's term as director, the department had had three other directors. The Institution's president, Caryl Haskins, had contemplated closing the department and starting something new. However, with some persuasion from Willier, Haskins spoke with Ebert and decided to give him the opportunity to run the department. Ebert and Haskins agreed that the department needed to focus on the study of genes and their regulation as well as the ways cells influence one another. Haskins said that Ebert's youth and enthusiastic personality made Haskins believe that Ebert would provide a fresh perspective to the department.
Ebert argued that it was his job to recognize and to recruit new talent and then support them in their work. He stressed the use of biochemistry and genetics, which in the 1960s blended together to form molecular biology. During this time, Ebert started to study the relationship between muscle cell differentiation and the propensity to infection in the Rous sarcoma virus.
While still director of the Carnegie embryology department, in 1970 Ebert also became the president and nonresident director of the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole. At the MBL he researched, with Keiko Ozato, the response of murine lymphocytes to mitogens.
In 1977 Ebert ended his term at the Carnegie Department of Embryology, but he remained the director of the MBL. From 1978 until 1987, Ebert lived in Washington, D.C., and he was the president of the whole Carnegie Institution of Washington. As the institution's president, he made the decision to help build a large optical telescope in Chile at Las Campanas Observatory, and he worked towards the creation of a common campus for both Carnegie departments in Washington.
Ebert remained involved with scientific institutions for the rest of his life. When leaving one institution, he found another one to join. He retired from the Carnegie Institution in 1987 and became the president of the Chesapeake Bay Institute at the Johns Hopkins University, where he was a professor of biology for six years. Ebert was elected to many societies including the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine. He was the vice president of the National Academy of Sciences from 1981 through 1993 and he also chaired its Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable from 1987 through 1993. His colleagues elected him as president of the Society for the Study of Development and Growth, the American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the American Society of Zoologists.
In retirement, Ebert and his wife Alma spent half of each year in Woods Hole and at the MBL. Ebert and Alma died on 22 May 2001 in an automobile accident while en route to Woods Hole.
- DeHaan, Robert L., and James D. Ebert. "Morphogenesis." Annual Review of Physiology 26 (1964): 15–46.
- Ebert, James D. "An analysis of the effects of anti-organ sera on the development, in vitro, of the early chick blastoderm." Journal of Experimental Zoology 115 (1950): 351–77.
- Ebert, James D. "An analysis of the synthesis and distribution of the contractile protein, myosin, in the development of the heart." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 39 (1953): 333–44.
- Ebert, James D. "The effects of chorioallantoic transplants of adult chicken tissues on homologous tissues of the host chick embryo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 40 (1954): 337–47.
- Ebert, James D. "The formation of muscle and muscle-like elements in the chorioallantoic membrane following inoculation of a mixture of cardiac microsomes and Rous sarcoma virus." Journal of Experimental Zoology 142 (1959): 587–621.
- Ebert, James D., and Ian M. Sussex. Interacting Systems in Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
- Ebert, James D., and Fred H. Wilt. "Animal Viruses and Embryos." The Quarterly Review of Biology 35 (1960): 261–312.
- Obituaries. "Jim and Alma Ebert." Marine Biological Laboratory. http://www.mbl.edu/news/obit/obit_ebert.html (Accessed December 8, 2007).
- Ozato, Keiko, William H. Adler, and James D. Ebert. "Synergism of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and concanavalin A in the activation of thymic lymphocytes." Cellular Immunology 17 (1975): 532–41.
- Singer, Maxine. "James David Ebert." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 148 (2004): 124–27.
James David Ebert studied the developmental processes of chicks and of viruses in the US during the twentieth century. He also helped build and grow many research institutions, such as the Department of Embryology in the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore, Maryland and the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. When few biologists studied the biochemistry of embryos, Ebert built programs and courses around the foci of biochemistry and genetics, especially with regards to embryology.Created: 2008-09-12
The Marine Biological Laboratory
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) was founded in 1888 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Woods Hole was already the site for the government's US Fish Commission Laboratory directed by Spencer Fullerton Baird, and it seemed like the obvious place to add an independent research laboratory that would draw individual scientific investigators along with students and instructors for courses. From the beginning, the lab had the dual mission of teaching and research, and from the beginning leading biologists have found their way to this small village on the "heel" tip of Cape Cod.
Supported by trustees who were largely in the Boston area, the lab opened its doors that first year with one small wooden building and great enthusiasm. Advertising was largely word of mouth since the building was still being constructed and the supplies had not yet arrived up to the last minute. Nonetheless, eight students and seven investigators made up the pioneer group in a six week session with a budget of just over $10,000 to build and equip the new laboratory building. With a focus on marine life, Balfour H. Van Vleck served as first instructor for a general zoology course.
The second year brought considerable expansion to six instructors and the addition of botany. After that, the lab was on its way to becoming an international presence in marine biology and eventually in certain defined areas of biology generally. From the beginning, embryology was one of the primary focus areas of the lab, and it has remained so throughout the MBL's 120-plus years. The leadership of the laboratory had a strong embryological interest from the beginning, as did the individual investigators and trustees. Especially when the work was experimental, the emphasis was sometimes labeled "physiology" instead of "experimental embryology" to get at fundamental processes of development.
Charles Otis Whitman served as first director of the lab. He had directed the small private Allis Lake Laboratory near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then directed the biology program at Clark University, and then the biology program at the University of Chicago. Whitman was an able administrator who inspired people intellectually, and he somehow managed to make things work even when money was short. This is probably due in large part to the talents of Frank Rattray Lillie, who followed Whitman at Chicago and at the MBL where he became Assistant Director and then second Director. Where Whitman left financial matters to hope, saying things like "well, what is money for?," Lillie was an astute manager with support from his wealthy brother-in-law Charles Crane and other individuals and foundations. Whitman and Lillie made a fine team, and they attracted a board of trustees that included top research biologists and also loyal donors. This has remained true, as the MBL has developed a Corporation of research scientists who pay a membership to be part of the group, plus installed a governing Board of Trustees to oversee operations. Despite some challenging times and some tempting take-over offers, the lab has always remained independent; research and instruction both have increasingly come to rely on federal grants and private foundations but the lab has resisted various attempts to make it an arm of a university, the government, or other organizations.
In 1890 the lab started a series of evening lectures that became known as the Friday Evening Lectures. The goals of offering these lectures and advertising them widely to the public were twofold: first to take science to the larger public and increase interest in science, and second to bring specialists together to learn from each other. Lecturers were instructed to make their talks accessible to beginners as well as of value to senior researchers. These were not intended to be courses, but rather to supplement the systematic organized instruction of the courses. For the years 1890–1899, the lectures were published as the Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Holl.
Courses included zoology, of course, and botany starting in the second year. In addition, Jacques Loeb added physiology as a focus. By 1893 the lab announced instruction in zoology, botany, embryology, physiology, and microscopical technique. In particular, Whitman was directing a course of lectures in embryology, working with Lillie. The Embryology Course has remained a core part of the MBL instructional offerings since 1893, with additional specialized training programs at different times with different emphases.
From the beginning, individuals or institutions could rent lab space and carry out investigations. Since embryological research drew heavily on comparative studies of marine development, it made sense for universities to send their embryologists to the seashore to do work. As Philip Pauly noted, the combination of doing one's research while summering at the seashore was a tremendously attractive option. The MBL has always been a place for the world's top embryologists to gather in the labs, in lectures, on sailing picnics, and with their families at the beaches. Annual Reports show the range of work done at the MBL, and since 1897 the publication of the Biological Bulletin has added an outlet for research carried out by MBL researchers and others.
For the early decades of the lab, embryological work centered on descriptive and comparative studies, especially cell lineage work that reported the details of each cell division for as long as it could be followed in each organism. Different researchers took up different organisms and compared their results, developing concepts of determinative and regulatory development depending on how much the cell divisions could respond to changing environmental conditions. Edmund Beecher Wilson placed cells at the center of developmental research, with his masterful The Cell in Development and Inheritance (1896; second edition 1900; much revised third edition 1925). Then the early twentieth-century brought experimental embryology, and by the 1950s and 1960s embryology embraced genetics and became known as developmental biology. Leaders such as James Ebert and Eric Davidson led the lab and also the Embryology Course in the direction of studying differentiation through processes like organogenesis or genetic regulation of development, for example.
While other places often gave up the embryos, the MBL has retained an interest not just in the cells and molecules but also in the developing organisms, which exist in specific environments and depend on complex systems of interacting cell signals and environmental cues. The Embryology Course and the investigation carried out in labs has changed over the 120-plus years at the MBL, but the MBL has played an important role in securing the central place of embryos and the value of comparative study of developmental processes. Perhaps being near the organisms and being able to have them delivered directly from the collectors in the Supply Department makes them more real and the interactions of the parts more salient.
Complex systems, modeling, molecules, and physiological systems all join together in the study of marine and related material at the Marine Biological Laboratory. Researchers have gone out to collect their specimens and have kept them alive in the on-demand seawater running through designated pipes. They have studied normal development, pathologies, and experimental conditions. Generation, regeneration, and new generation are on the research agenda. As the Annual Reports show starting with the very first years, the MBL has been a place for leading investigation and instruction in several areas including embryology, neurobiology, and physiology. Over the years, this has placed the MBL in a solid position to develop such diverse promising areas of research as molecular genetics, neuroembryology, and regenerative medicine.
View a timeline of the MBL here.
- Lillie, Frank R. The Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1944. Reprinted as a Supplement to The Biological Bulletin Vol. 174 (1988) available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17426.
- Maienschein, Jane. 100 Years Exploring Life, 1888–1988. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1989.
- Marine Biological Laboratory Annual Reports: available in the MBL Biological Bulletin Vols. 17 and 21–105 at ,http://www.archive.org/details/biologicalbullet01mari and beginning with 2004 at http://www.mbl.edu/governance/gov_annual_report.html.
- Marine Biological Laboratory. Symposium Supplement to The Biological Bulletin Vol. 168 (1985): 1–204.
- Pauly, Philip. "Summer Resort and Scientific Discipline: Woods Hole and the Structure of American Biology, 1882–1925." In The American Development of Biology, eds. Ronald Rainger, Keith R. Benson, and Jane Maienschein, 121–150., Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) was founded in 1888 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Woods Hole was already the site for the government 's US Fish Commission Laboratory directed by Spencer Fullerton Baird, and it seemed like the obvious place to add an independent research laboratory that would draw individual scientific investigators along with students and instructors for courses.Created: 2008-10-24
Marine Biological Laboratory. Eighty-first report for the year 1978. Ninety-first year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1978. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1979
Marine Biological Laboratory. Eighty-second report for the year 1979. Ninety-second year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1979. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1980
Marine Biological Laboratory. Eighth report for the year 1977. Nintieth year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1977. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1978
Marine Biological Laboratory. Sixty-third report for the year 1960. Seventy-third year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1960. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1961
Marine Biological Laboratory. Fifty-ninth report for the year 1956. Sixty-ninth year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1956. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1957
Marine Biological Laboratory. Eighty-ninth report for the year 1986. Ninety-ninth year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1986. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1987
Marine Biological Laboratory. Ninetieth report for the year 1987. One-hundreth year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1987. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1988
Marine Biological Laboratory. Ninety-first report for the year 1988. One-hundred and first year.
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 1988. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Created: 1989


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Get to Know a C.E.O., with Michael Lombardo
We all know about the achievement gap between the rich and the poor, but we don't often acknowledge that schools do a particularly good job of educating kids when they have them. To close the achievement gap, we need the involvement of the community and more organizations like Reading Partners. Let's meet their CEO, Michael Lombardo.


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ss20 (5mm) Swarovski No Hotfix Flatback Crystals
Wholesale pack of 1440 SS20 5mm Swarovski Flatbacks are a customisers\' dream, whatever creation you fancy these crystals come a wide variety of stunning colours. Dress makers, couture houses, performers and bridal designers use these products on a world wide scale amplifying their popularity!
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Review: The ENTERTAINER - 'Perfect Match' Launch Party
>> Wednesday, January 25, 2017
The ENTERTAINER Malaysia 2017 app was launched recently, offering over 1,200 Buy-One-Get-One-Free offers for restaurants, cafés, hotels, attractions, spas, retail & many more, which customers can purchase for RM145.00, directly from their website or through the ENTERTAINER App! If you've purchased last year's ENTERTAINER 2016 voucher book, you'll know the extent of the vouchers available that you can't even finish using all of them! This year, instead of having hard-copy voucher books, all you need is to have the ENTERTAINER Malaysia 2017 app.
This year, the ENTERTAINER is proud to introduce Cheers Malaysia 2017, a Buy-One-Get-One-Free app exclusively redeemable on drinks in the hottest bars and restaurants. Offers range from single beverages to bottles of wine/ spirits/ buckets of beer, double cocktails, pitchers and more. A vast variety of popular venues such as Jiro KL & Hugos Modestos are part of the participating venues.
To celebrate the launch of this perfect match, the ENTERTAINER held a launch party at Jiro KL in Bangsar. The evening was filled with excitement, lucky draws, pop quiz & fantastic prizes we given away to winner as well. The first 100 invitees who turned up at the party also walked away with a swag bag filled with vouchers & goodies from the event's sponsors.
With up to RM415,000 in savings for customers in 2017, this app is sure to be a hit for all who eat out, drink out, & spend much of their time out with family & friends! Offers are available at venues across 40 destinations in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and Europe as well (you'll need that country's app to purchase offers for that country).
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Soprano Ava Pine, a native of Texas, continues to dazzle audiences and critics with her rewarding vocalism and compelling commitment to character, creating vivid and captivating portraits on stage. Equally at home with opera, oratorio or recital, and accomplished in works ranging from baroque to contemporary, Ava brings great vocal and dramatic range to her work, as Opera News writes: "Ava Pine…all but stole the show. By turns seductive, determined, wounded and moved, she sailed sweetly through a vast range of pitches."
During the 2013-2014 season, Ava returns to Florentine Opera as Cleopatra in Handel's Giulio Cesare and to Fort Worth Opera as Anna Sørensen in Puts' Silent Night, as well as debuts with Kentucky Opera as Gounod's Juliette and Tulsa Opera as Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro. This season on the concert stage, Ava joins the San Luis Obispo Symphony for Golijov's Three Songs for Soprano and Orchestra, returns to the Dallas Symphony Orchestra for their annual Christmas Celebration, as well as Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra for Mendelssohn's Elijah.
Ava's engagements during the 2012 – 2013 season included a debut with Wichita Grand Opera as Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro, and returns to Opera Colorado for Juliette in Roméo et Juliette and Fort Worth Opera for Marie in The Daughter of Regiment. On the concert stage, she performed Messiah with the Kansas City Symphony, a recital of Viennese operetta for the Fort Worth Symphony New Year's Eve celebration, a baroque recital with the Dallas Bach Society, and solo recitals in her hometown of Fredericksburg, Texas and as a guest artist with Texas Wesleyan University. Recently Ava debuted with Opera Colorado, singing her first Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro, returned to Dallas Opera for Pamina in Die Zauberflöte, and to Fort Worth Opera for a role debut as Lysia in Adamo's Lysistrata. She also returned to Florentine Opera as Blanca in the world premiere of Davis's Rio de Sangre, the Fort Worth Opera for Cleopatra in Giulio Cesare, and debuted with Michigan Opera Theater as Pamina in Die Zauberflöte.
Recognized for her commitment to contemporary opera, Ava made her European debut with the BBC Symphony Orchestra as The Angel in the United Kingdom premiere of Angels in America, a role she first debuted with Fort Worth Opera. Ava spent two seasons with the Dallas Opera as the company's first young artist in residence, and enjoys a strong relationship with the company, performing Juliette in matinees of Roméo et Juliette, Adele in Die Fledermaus, Elvira in L'italiana in Algeri, Lady in Waiting in Macbeth, Zozo in The Merry Widow, and Yvette in La rondine.
Recent seasons have included performances of Adina in L'elisir d'amore with the Arizona Opera and the Fort Worth Opera, Norina in Don Pasquale with Opera New Jersey, as well as Josephine for Lyric Opera of Kansas City's H.M.S. Pinafore and Pamina in Die Zauberflöte for Florentine Opera. She also sang Serpina in La serva padrona with the Vestfold Festspillene Festival in Norway. As a Wolf Trap Opera Filene Young Artist, she collaborated on a recital with Steven Blier, and performed as Morgana in Alcina, Musetta in La bohème, and Minerva in Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria. With Chautauqua Opera, she performed Sophie in Werther and Frasquita in Carmen. what online gambling sites are safe
Ava was a Grammy nominee (Best Opera Recording 2011) for her work in a period instrument recording with Ars Lyrica of Houston, singing Cleopatra in Hasse's Marc'Antonio e Cleopatra. A frequent collaborator with early music ensembles, Ava has performed with Boston Baroque in semi-staged productions of Xerxes, singing Romilda, and Amadigi di Gaula, singing Melissa. Other performances include the title role in Handel's Theodora with UNT Baroque Collegium; Bellezza in Handel's Il trionfo del tempo and Angelo in Handel's La resurrezione with Ars Lyrica.
Highlights from the concert stage include frequent reengagements with the Dallas Symphony for Mozart Requiem and Mendelssohn Symphony No. 2, with Jaap van Zweden, as well as Handel Messiah, Bach B Minor Mass, Fauré Requiem, Nielsen Symphony No. 3, and a series of holiday pops concerts. With her alma mater, Texas Christian University, she has performed Brahms Requiem and Carmina Burana. She also performed the latter with the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, as well as a program of Bach cantatas. With the Fort Worth Symphony, she performed rare South American baroque works, and with the Austin Symphony performed the contemporary work Ode to Common Things, by Ratcliff.


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* see translation disclaimer below
Smoking Still Kills
The five-year strategy set out in the Government's Tobacco Control Plan for England comes to an end in 2015. Smoking Still Kills proposes new targets for a renewed national strategy to accelerate the decline in smoking prevalence over the next decade. The report sets out short-term objectives and longer term aims and develops the agenda for tobacco control launched in 2008 with Beyond Smoking Kills.
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Tobacco Watch report on FCTC Article 14
Comprehensive support for smoking cessation is a relatively low priority for most Parties to the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, according to the findings of a 2012 Tobacco Watch report that focuses on FCTC Article 14.
Most Parties surveyed in the FCA report said they prioritised other articles that promoted cessation attempts or that created demand for cessation support. However, the report says there are quick and affordable actions Parties can take to improve access to tobacco cessation support.
(report available in English, Français, Español)
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Medications to help people to stop smoking: an overview of reviews
The Cochrane Tobacco Group has just published an overview of the reviews of pharmacotherapies for the treatment of tobacco dependence. This will saves you looking through a series of different reviews, and it also includes a network meta-analysis. The group is also working to create podcasts of a summary in various languages.
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Combining behavioural support and medications increases chances of quitting smoking by 70-100%
Based on 40 studies which compare combinations of behavioural support and medications with groups receiving usual care or less behavioural support, the Cochrane review concludes that combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural support significantly increases smoking cessation.
view full article
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severe bronchitis vids - Bronchitis - Smoking Is 90% Of The Risk!
Bronchitis - Smoking Is 90% Of The Risk!
is a respiratory disease in which the mucous membrane in the lungs bronchial passages becomes inflamed and usually occurs in the setting of an upper respiratory illness and is observed more frequently in the winter months. It may be short-lived (acute) or chronic, meaning that it lasts a long time and often recurs and can have causes other than an infection.
can also occur when acids from your stomach consistently back up into your food pipe, a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Both adults and children can get it. If you are a smoker and come down with the acute form, it will be much harder for you to recover. If you continue smoking, you are increasing your chances of developing the chronic form which is a serious long-term disorder that often requires regular medical treatment. If you suffer from
chronic bronchitis
, you are at risk for developing cardiovascular problems as well as more serious lung diseases and infections, and you should be monitored by a doctor.
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6) Sore throat - throat pain and itch. 7) Repeated headache - a condition where the pain is commonly felt in the head, neck and back. 8) Slight fever - in acute
there is an abnormal elevation of bodily temperature.
4) Back and muscle pain - soreness of bones in the back and muscle. 5) Wheezing - a sound that can be heard when a person with
acute bronchitis
is breathing. It may occur because of the inflammation of the airways. This may leave you short of breath.
2) Chills - this condition may be accompanied with quivering and paleness and in some cases it can arise with a sudden increase of temperature. 3) Runny nose - considered as one of the more common irritations of people with acute bronchitis.
A sauna works by creating heat of some type upon rocks that are placed in the sauna. This normal type of heat would be known as dry, but if you add water to the heated rocks, you will create steam saunas. Steam saunas will still make you sweat which is one way for the body to release waste toxins that build up in the body, but the steam will also open up airways. Sweating alone will increase circulation and cause the blood vessels to open more, allowing more blood to flow throughout your body which can promote healing. With the added effect steam saunas create, you will not only increase circulation, but open up your sinuses and airways as well.
Discover more about symptoms for
and especially about bronchitis treatment. You will find excellent information to assist you in understanding bronchitis at http://
Chronic bronchitis is the inflammation or swelling of the air passageways (bronchi) in the upper respiratory system. This is usually accompanied by the excessive production of mucus.
Chronic bronchitis
can manifest as many different symptoms, and is often hard to diagnose because the symptoms are so similar to other diseases that affect the lungs and respiratory system. Today, one in twenty Americans currently suffers chronic bronchitis. Even though the number has been steadily falling since the 70s, the number of patients suffering from chronic
still concerns doctors as it is often fatal. Below are some common signs and symptoms of chronic
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is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs and may be accompanied by signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection, including: Soreness and a feeling of constriction or burning in your chest, Sore throat, Congestion, Breathlessness, Wheezing, Slight fever and chills, Overall malaise.
Tobacco and infectious agents are major causes of chronic
and although found in all age groups, it is diagnosed most frequently in children younger than 5 years. In 1994, it was diagnosed in more than 11 of every 100 children younger than 5 years. Fewer than 5% of people with
go on to develop pneumonia. Most cases clear up on their own in a few days, especially if you rest, drink plenty of fluids, and keep the air in your home warm and moist. If you have repeated bouts of bronchitis, see your doctor.
Treatment Treatment depending on the symptoms and cause, may include: Antibiotics to treat acute
that appears to be caused by a bacterial infection or for people who have other lung diseases that put them at a greater risk of lung infections, Bronchodilators, which open up the bronchi, may be used on a short-term basis to open airways and reduce wheezing, Cool-mist humidifiers or steam vaporizers can be helpful for wheezing or shortness of breath. Early recognition and treatment, combined with smoking cessation, significantly improve the chance of a good outcome. With severe
, your fever may be as high as 101' to 102' F and may last for 3 to 5 days even with antibiotic treatment. However, if influenza is the suspected cause, treatment with an antiviral drug may be helpful.
9) Malaise - feeling of discomfort when there is
acute bronchitis
. 10) Back and muscle pain - soreness of bones in the back and muscle. Chronic
is another type of
, where the airways in lungs have too much phlegm causing violent coughing.
Chronic bronchitis
is not necessarily caused by infection and is generally part of a syndrome called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; it is defined clinically as a persistent cough that produces sputum (phlegm) and mucus, for at least three months in two consecutive years.
5) Dyspnea - difficulty in breathing. 6) Shortness of breath with excessive movement. 7) Too much mucus secretion. 8) Lung or respiratory tract infection.
Shortness of Breath - This occurs in most people suffering from chronic
. The shortness of breath may be aggravated by overworking or even just mild activity. As the disease progresses the shortness of breath may even come from simply walking a short distance, or walking down some stairs.
Risk Over time, harmful substances in tobacco smoke can permanently damage the airways, increasing the risk for emphysema, cancer, and other serious lung diseases. People at risk for acute
include: The elderly, infants, and young children, Smokers, People with heart or lung disease. Passive smoke exposure is a risk factor for chronic
and asthma in adults. Smoking (even for a brief time) and being around tobacco smoke, chemical fumes, and other air pollutants for long periods of time puts a person at risk for developing the disease. Overall, tobacco smoking accounts for as much as 90% of the risk. Secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of respiratory infections, augments asthma symptoms, and causes a measurable reduction in pulmonary function. Malnutrition increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infections and subsequent acute
, especially in children and older people.
Symptoms of bronchitis may resemble symptoms of other respiratory problems which is why it is important to consult your doctor to differentiate it from other conditions and to determine if the bronchitis is acute or chronic. The doctor will assess and conduct physical examinations to evaluate the condition. Furthermore, the doctors may recommend laboratory tests to be able to distinguish the condition.
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If you suffer from
or have tonsil or throat problems, then more than likely steam saunas can help you. The steam that is created in the steam saunas, opens up the throat and airways that can become inflamed and closed off due to bronchitis or other type of virus infections. The steam will also open up pores found in the skin, and promote a further cleansing of the skin. You must remember that when you are in steam saunas, you shouldn't stay inside for long periods of time. The high temperatures in steam saunas can cause your heart rate to increase.
3) Cyanosis - a bluish color of the skin due to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. 4) Edema - swelling on the feet and hands due to excessive fluid in the lymph.
Respiratory Infections - Chronic
is often the cause of respiratory infections. Because more mucus is produced by the body in those suffering from respiratory infections, this makes the upper respiratory system very damp and warm. This can be a breeding ground of sorts for infection, and makes infections very hard to treat once they are contracted.
Steam saunas can be great for you, but if you have heart problems of any kind, you need to seek medical advice before entering. More than likely, your doctor will advise against being in one. The heat in steam saunas can cause a stroke, and the cool shower you would take after, can cause an increase in blood pressure. Either one can be life threatening to a heart patient, so keep this in mind before entering steam saunas.
Coughing - Coughing caused by chronic bronchitis is usually first noticed in the early morning, just after waking up. The individual may cough for several hours after waking up. As the disease progresses, this coughing will last for longer into the day, and in some cases never goes away.
Swelling of the Legs and Ankles - Because chronic
can often lead to further complications, due to a lack of oxygen in the blood, it may cause the skin to turn blue or the extremities to swell in the later stages of chronic
. Swelling of the legs is also an indication of congestive heart failure, so individuals experiencing this symptom should see a doctor right away.
An ordinary cold and cough should not be taken for granted; treating it the right way to prevent it from developing into a more serious condition like bronchitis is important.
The symptoms of acute
can also be experienced in chronic bronchitis. However they may be more severe. Chronic
may show distinct symptoms to be able to differentiate it from acute
There are common symptoms of acute bronchitis that you need to be aware of: 1) Cough - may be dry or may produce phlegm. Significant phlegm production suggests that the lower respiratory tract and the lung itself may be infected, and you may have pneumonia.
If you need more helpful Sauna information then quickly head over to http://saunasforyou.com where you will find helpful sauna tips, advice and resources to include home saunas, portable saunas and more Steam Saunas.
Respiratory illnesses have significant effects on the lives of millions of people. When there is a respiratory illness where in the bronchial tubes of the lungs are irritated and swollen accompanied with pain it can be identified as bronchitis. It can be acute, when it is a short term illness and easily treatable. On the other hand,
chronic bronchitis
is difficult to treat and may cause damage to the respiratory tract.
1) Clubbed fingers - fingers deformity common with chronic respiratory illnesses. 2) Heart Failure - a complication of
chronic bronchitis
where in the heart is not able to properly pump blood to the body.
Symptoms Symptoms lasting up to 90 days are usually classified as acute; symptoms lasting longer, sometimes for months or years, are usually classified as chronic. Signs of Infectious bronchitis generally begins with the symptoms of a common cold: runny nose, sore throat, fatigue, chills, and back and muscle aches. The signs of either type of
include: Cough that produces mucus; if yellow-green in color, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection, Shortness of breath made worse by exertion or mild activity, Wheezing, Fatigue, Fever -- usually low and Chest discomfort. Additional symptoms include: Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu), Ankle, feet, and leg swelling, Blue-tinged lips due to low levels of oxygen.
Many of us have visited a sauna probably at a public facility of some type. You may have enjoyed one at a motel you stayed at, but not really realized the benefits you were receiving at the time. Steam saunas can be very good for your body. Originally, saunas came from Finland and because they were such a sterile environment, many women delivered their babies in a sauna room. The word sauna is referred to as a sweathouse or steam bath and in the Finnish background, this was a family affair. Everyone participated in this rejuvenating relaxing event. We will learn some of the benefits and importance of steam saunas in this article and you will be surprised at the outcome.
Fatigue - Fatigue is often experienced by individuals suffering from chronic
. They become tired just after waking, or other random times throughout the day. This is because the amount of oxygen in their blood is significantly less than those who don't suffer from the disease.
Most people can treat their symptoms at home. However, if you have severe or persistent symptoms or if you cough up blood,you should see your doctor. The doctor will recommend that you drink lots of fluids, get plenty of rest, and may suggest using an over-the-counter or prescription cough medicine to relieve your symptoms as you recover. If you do not improve, your doctor may prescribe an inhaler to open your airways. If symptoms are severe, the doctor may order a chest x-ray to exclude pneumonia.
To grab a copy of Amy's Free Chronic Bronchitis eBook, and read more articles related to Chronic
Signs and Symptoms, please click here to visit her chronic
Learn More about Natural Bronchitis Remedy
Herbal Medicines For Common Breathing Problems
Breathing problems are becoming more common as air becomes more polluted. Many alternative therapies, especially herbal medicine and homeopathy, can help in many of the more common conditions that affect the respiratory system. Coughs Coughing is the body s natural way of clearing irritation and congestion from the lungs and airways. A dry cough is reacting to an irritant, a productive...
Comfrey Leaf is an Effective Healer
Comfrey has a long history of effectiveness as a healer plant. It has the reputation of being able to knit bones together thus accounting for many of the common names (boneset, nipbone, knitbone, and healing herb). Comfrey leaves are similar to Foxglove leaves, though they have smaller veins not extending into the wings of the leaf-stalk. The leafy stem, 2 to 3 feet high, is stout, angular and...
What is the cause of bronchitis in children?
Bronchitis is better understood if one knows what is the anatomy of the respiratory system, especially the airways. These are air passages. The throat and the mouth are the beginning of the airway system, then come the bronchi, bronchioles and last the alveoli, which healp the oxygen get into your bloodstream. Children are more affected by infections of those parts, including...
The Dreadful Certainties of Smoking
Day-after-day it appears that there is an updated report or a new branch of research being finished to warn people about the dreadful truth regarding smoking. With every new piece of analytic thinking or research, on that subject there appears to represent a common denominator - the aftermath of smoking tobacco products is atrocious! Envisage a product that every year wiped out just fewer...
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10 Ways to Get the Contract
What factors most often turn the tide on the sourcing of major, multi-million dollar contracts?
Whenever a client loses a major project to a competitor, the natural question is "why?" What did they do that you didn't? What could you have done differently or better? Through the years, I have asked these questions of buyers, engineers and senior managers many times. It is interesting how similar the answers are no matter the industry in which the company was doing business. Whether or not it is a small manufacturer of industrial pumps or a major Tier One Supplier, the same themes keep coming through. Here are the top ten points that customers consistently agree upon when discussing what factors most often turn the tide on the sourcing of major, multi-million dollar contracts. Interestingly, none of them are price.
1. Do less talking and more listening. Customers are interested in suppliers who want to talk about their company and their issues and have specific ideas for dealing with them. Their advice: Do your homework upfront, understand the customer's organization before you get there, ask good questions and really listen to the answers before you start selling them on a solution.
2. Use the tech review as a weapon of mass instruction. Way too many suppliers view the tech review as just another step in the sourcing process. The smart ones, however, see it as an opportunity to differentiate themselves from competitors, showcase their technical expertise and experience and to begin "teaching the new customer how to treat them." The tech review is a great opportunity to teach the customer what makes you different and better than the other firms they are considering. Don't send the second string.
3. Don't assume anything. Even if you've got solid relationships or have done good work for the customer in the past, never assume you have the business in your back pocket. Buyers say being presumptuous can really irritate the selection team and turn a positive into a negative very quickly.
4. There's no such thing as a courtesy meeting. Never go into a meeting thinking it is only a "courtesy" meeting that you have to get out of the way rather than an important encounter with someone whose respect and trust you need to earn in order to get the business. In the complex sales space, there are not only multiple decision markers you need to address, but there are also a wide circle of influencers who may not be able give you the business, but they can certainly keep you from getting it.
5. Act like you truly want the business. Although sometimes it may not seem like it, customers generally appreciate it when you put extra effort into the proposal process. The best business development teams treat the customer like they are already a client and don't hesitate to invest heavily in understanding the customer's business.
6. Add value at every step of the process. Don't just "promise" to add value. Do it—in every meeting. Some suppliers go so far as to develop an entire presentation on "the voice of the customer" to demonstrate their deep understanding of the customer's customer. Others offer to arrange a meeting with another customer of theirs who you have worked with on similar projects.
7. Show your bench strength. Having the owner spearheading the pitch is great. It demonstrates to the customer that the project is important to the supplier, and it will have the support of everyone in the organization, starting with the CEO or owner. Customers also point out, however, that it is really important to showcase the rest of the team as well. Most customers are savvy enough to know that although the owner or CEO may be involved in the project, the majority of the work will be done by the rest of the team.
8. It rarely comes down to only price. Yes, price is important. But price is rarely the deciding factor in the sourcing of a major program that is mission critical and requires significant value-add by the supplier. The reason is that if you've made the short list, your price was at least in the ballpark or they wouldn't still be talking to you. Your price is your price.
9. Make the most of your oral presentations. An oral presentation is your chance to shine. Use it to make a difference to differentiate you, to justify your pricing, to showcase your expertise and experience, and more. Start out by asking the customer which parts of the proposal they would really like to spend time on and zero right in on those sections. Make your time together a discussion rather than a presentation. In short, don't lecture the customer—engage them.
10. Be careful how you play the boss card. Our owner knows these guys' boss really well. How should we use this relationship to get this business? Be careful. Name dropping can hurt you more than help you. Instead, use the relationship to learn more about the program, the internal politics, the selection process, the decision makers, the influencers, the customer's concerns and hot buttons. Also, be careful not to abuse the relationship or put pressure on anyone.
11. As always, take this advice with a grain of salt and keep things in perspective. Not every RFQ you respond to warrants this kind of detail and homework. But in my experience, it seems most industrial companies get at least three to five "big" opportunities a year that could and should be handled differently than the more routine RFQ. Keep these ten points in mind and you'll definitely improve your batting average on "big" jobs.
John R. Wirtz is president of Pinpointe Marketing, LLC, an Ohio-based sales and marketing firm specializing in the turned parts and engineered industrial products industries. He can be reached at 440-506-8963.