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bronchitis acute or chronic - Is Colloidal Silver A Treatment For Bronchitis?
Is Colloidal Silver A Treatment For Bronchitis?
What is Bronchitis?
is defined as an inflammation of the bronchi. Bronchi are airways in the respiratory tract that bring air into the lungs. This inflammation is typically caused by viruses or bacteria, but it may also be caused by inhaled irritants, such as cigarette smoke or harmful chemicals.
So, to sum up... N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an amino acid which can help to increase the levels of the powerful antioxidant glutathione in the respiratory track.
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Since the immune system is the best (and in most cases, the only) way to fight the infection that causes
, patients might benefit from taking supplements that support and boost the immune system.
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is good at reducing mucus production in the respiratory track and its antioxidant properties can help to protect against lung tissue damage associated emphysema disease.
Bronchitis treatment
s can be effective in the relief of symptom, however the old expression "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure", is certainly true, and we encourage taking the steps to avoid chronic
to begin with. These include quit smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke and staying clear of heavily polluted areas.
Most cases of
cases involve a viral pathogen. The inflammation is usually the result of the mucus lining of the airways becoming swollen due to irritation. Anyone may contract bronchitis, but people with weak immune systems, such as children and the elderly, are particularly vulnerable.
Apart from emphysema, n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplements can help with the following health conditions:
Ear InfectionsLung DamageSinusitis Viral Illnesses
One of the most effective
bronchitis treatment
s is simply a healthy diet and regular exercise, while this may seem an oversimplification; you are helping your lungs to perform, clearing them of excess toxins and giving your body the fuel it needs to heal. Depending on your overall state of health, a brisk walk is an excellent low impact
treatment, and should be preformed often as the weather and your health allow.
Things to Avoid: Avoid mucus forming foods such as dairy products, processed foods, sugar and white flour. ' Do not smoke and avoid second hand smoke. ' Do not use a cough suppressant because coughing is essential for eliminating mucus secretions. If coughing is persistent or severe enough, consult a healthcare professional as this may be a sign of developing pneumonia. If bronchitis does not clear up in a reasonable amount of time, get a chest x-ray to rule out lung cancer, tuberculosis, or other conditions.
What is n-acetyl cysteine (NAC)?Why is n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) good for emphysema disease?How much n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) should you take for emphysema disease?
References: 1) James F. Balch, M.D, Phyllis A. Balch, C.N.C, "Prescription for Nutritional Healing," (1997) 2) M. Mateve, et al., [Clinical Trial of Plantago Major Preparation in the Treatment of Chronic
], Vutr Boles, 21(2), 1982, p. 133-137
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is extremely good at reducing mucus production associated with respiratory conditions such as emphysema and
Anyone who wants to limit their risk of
should stop or not start smoking. Even secondhand smoke may lead to bronchitis. Workers who are often exposed to dust or irritating chemicals should wear a dusk mask to prevent inhalation. Everyone who wants to decrease their risk should also limit their exposure to air and traffic pollution.
Bronchitis is the inflammation or obstruction of the bronchi, the breathing tubes that lead to the lungs. Bronchitis can either be acute or chronic. Acute
is caused by an infection which can be bacterial, viral, chlamydial (vinereal) or mycoplasmal (fungal); typically it is an upper respiratory tract infection. Chronic
results from frequent irritation from the lungs such as exposure to cigarette smoke or other noxious fumes. Allergies may also be the cause of chronic bronchitis. Symptoms: The inflammation results in a buildup of mucus plus coughing, fever, pain in the chest/or back, fatigue, sore throat, difficulty breathing, and even sudden chills and shaking.
Most bronchitis cases are the result of a virus, and antibiotics are only designed to treat bacterial infections. Many doctors are aware that antibiotics are ineffective for bronchitis, but prescribe them anyway because they feel pressured by the patient to treat something besides the symptoms.
Why Is N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) Good For Emphysema Disease? N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is good for emphysema disease. It is not only the anti-mucus properties of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) which can help to alleviate the symptoms associated with emphysema disease, but n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) can also act as an antioxidant and protect against lung tissue damage.
treatment may require the use of oxygen therapy to aid those who are having difficulty breathing and suffering other respiratory problems. There have been severe cases of
with lungs that were so badly damaged; a transplant was the only possibility for a cure. Obviously, this
bronchitis treatment
comes with its own set of risks, namely life expectancy and finding a suitable donor.
How can you Prevent Bronchitis? A vaccine for a Haemophilus influenza, which commonly causes
, was developed in 1985. However, since the vaccine only boosts immunity for six months, it is typically only administered to those most at risk.
Any time we're dealing with our health, it is never advisable to postpone consulting your doctor or health care professional. Early diagnosis will allow bronchitis treatments to be much more effective, and increase your chances for recovery.
About the Author:
Wyatt McKinney is committed to sharing information about the benefits of
treatment. Learn more about the treatment for
How Much N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) Should You Take For Emphysema Disease? To help with the symptoms associated with emphysema disease, you can take up to 500mg of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplements three times a day.
What Is N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)? The amino acid n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) helps to increase the levels of the powerful antioxidant glutathione in the respiratory track.
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What are the Symptoms? Coughing up phlegm or spit, difficulty breathing, and wheezing are all
common bronchitis
symptoms. Patients typically seek treatment for
once the coughing becomes uncomfortable or painful. If the inflammation is particularly severe, fatigue, fever, or chest pains may arise. In rare cases, gastrointestinal
symptoms may arise.
How is Bronchitis Treated? There is no medical cure for
. Typically doctors will treat the symptoms to alleviate the pain and discomfort, and wait from the body to naturally correct the inflammation. Far too often, doctors will prescribe antibiotics. However, for the large majority of cases of
, this is inadvisable.
If you begin to feel the beginnings of a cough, get plenty of rest, drink at least eight to 10 glasses of water everyday, and consider visiting your doctor or health care professional. Couple this with a diet full of nutrition and you be taking important steps to avoid ever needing a
bronchitis treatment
to begin with.
While certainly not a cure, an effective bronchitis treatments for acute
(the type you'd get from a cold or flu) is to drink plenty of fluids, get plenty of rest and give your body the opportunity to fight off the infection. While drinking fluids is (in most cases) a helpful and healthful suggestion, those who suffer from chronic bronchitis will need to consult with a doctor, since their
treatment will be much different.
Warning: please consult your doctor before taking any supplements. If you are a peptic ulcer sufferer, do not take n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplements.
Scott Malin is rapidly becoming a widely respected writer on the subject of nutrition and detoxification. You can find excellent advice about how to successfully detox in a safe and healthy way at: http://www.organichealthandbeauty.com/New-Detox-Diet_ep_227-1.html
Many have claimed good results with taking colloidal silver for bronchitis. Colloidal silver can be taken orally or through a nebulizer. If you would like to take colloidal silver for the treatment of
, it may be interesting to note that some patients have reported the best results with true colloidal silver versus inferior products that are mostly ionic solutions.
A study from 2002 titled "Azithromycin for acute
" published in the medical journal "The Lancet" referred to this pressure from patients, concluding that "Many patients with acute
require their physicians to 'do something.' "And that it should not include the "defensive use of ineffective antibiotics."
The greatest gift we have is our health, once gone it sometimes can't easily be regained; knowing that if there's anything we can do to improve our health, wouldn't it be wise to take all possibly precautions? Chronic
is most commonly found in smokers, and sometimes those who live in heavily polluted areas. It follows then, if we can reduce the chance of getting
by quitting smoking, or avoiding pollutants, this would be a smart step to ensure our health.
is no respecter of person, and can occur in any one regardless of their gender or age. Certainly smokers are at higher risk, as are those with weak immune systems. Long term smokers will often develop chronic bronchitis and require continual or long-term
treatment. Those factors which contribute to bronchitis are as mentioned smoking, exposure to certain irritating agents (chemicals, pollutants, pesticides, etc.), and sometime a pre-disposed genetic condition.
FACT: approximately 12 million people are diagnosed with chronic
each year. One effective
treatment in addition to a healthy diet is large doses of vitamin A, shown to aid the healing of mucous membranes, and the immune system. Additionally, vitamin C can help boost your immunity, warding off other complications. Vitamin E is a known antioxidant and effective
treatment when used in conjunction with other vitamins.
Recommendations: Beta-carotene and vitamin A are necessary for healing and the protection of lung tissue. We suggest a high quality whole food supplement, like VITAFORCE that is complete and made from whole foods. Beware that Vitamin A is toxic if from synthetic sources, so it must be from whole foods. Make sure you know what you are getting from the nutritional label. Common Plantain has had some dramatic effects on people with bronchitis. In one study, chronic
bronchitis patients
treated with Plantain for a 25-30 days had a quick effect on subjective complaints and objective benefits in as many as 80% of the patients, with no side effects. Clinical Trial of Plantago Major Preparation in the Treatment of Chronic
], Vutr Boles, 21(2), 1982, p. 133-137 Drink plenty of distilled water, about 8 glasses throughout the day (not with meals). Use a humidifier, a vaporizer or even a pan of water placed on a radiator and clean your equipment frequently to prevent bacteria growth. Apply warm, moist heat or a hot water bottle over the chest and back before bedtime to aid in sleeping and reduce swelling. Practice blowing up a balloon a few times daily, one research study showed that after eight weeks of this therapy people with bronchitis were much less breathless.
BRONCHITIS FACT: there are two major types of bronchitis,
Acute Bronchitis
and Chronic
, each different in its symptoms and treatment. Many suffer acute
when catching a bad cold, or flu, while chronic
often occurs in smokers.
Immunologists have long warned that over prescription of antibiotics will only lead to stronger and more resistant bacterial strains. Unnecessary prescription of any medicine can be harmful, and patients who take antibiotics may suffer side effects such as vomiting, headache, and rash.
Stewart Hare C.H.Ed Dip NutTh
Download 'How To Beat Emphysema Naturally' Free E-book
Website: NewBeingNutrition.com
Learn More about Natural Bronchitis Remedy
Prevention Measures For Acute Bronchitis
There are two types of bronchitis, acute and chronic bronchitis. Acute bronchitis lasts for 10 to 12 days. It is mainly caused by a virus or bacteria and in some cases it may come from fungus. People suffering from acute bronchitis have the following symptoms, constant coughing with mucus, excessive fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, low fever, vibration felt when breathing, and sometimes...
All About Acute Bronchitis( Part Two)
In the first part of our article you have found out about acute bronchitis: what it is, which are the symptoms that can let you know if you have acute bronchitis. It is now time to see how acute bronchitis can be treated. A well known fact for all the doctors is that acute bronchitis does not need treatment is the majority of the cases. All the patients are asked to do is get plenty of rest...
Cough Remedies - 9 Useful Home Remedies for Cough
Cough is an important reflex action, which the body undertakes to get rid of substances that are irritating the air passages. A cough is usually initiated to clear a buildup of phlegm in the trachea, by forceful expulsion of air at high speed away from the body. You can choose to cough (a voluntary process), or our body may cough on its own (an involuntary process). Cough can be of 2 types -...
Bronchitis Management - 5 Facts And Tips To Control This Disorder
Bronchitis can easily be mistaken for a common cold. Dealing with bronchitis becomes easier once you learn to identify the various symptoms and signs of bronchitis. There are two types of bronchitis--acute and chronic--and the symptoms of muscular aches, mild fever, chills, sore throat, insomnia, and breathlessness are common to both types of bronchitis; however, dyspnea is peculiar to chronic...
bronchitis acute and chronic
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This plant is a Mericlone plant and member of the Aliceara family. You will receive 1 potted plant if you purchase this Item! The plant Identification Number is (PID): OC69. The name or crossing of this plant is: Aliceara Alice (Bratonia Ballet X Oncidium varicosa). The size of this plant is: MEDIUM SIZE. Plant is potted in sphagnum moss in a plastic 2.5 inch pot.
If you purchase this plant, you will receive a potted
plant similar to the one shown below

subset: commoncrawl


text: Questions? Ask in the Community Forum.Help > Community Management SettingsWiki featuresExtensionsPage protectionNavigation Admin toolsAdmin DashboardSpecial pagesBlockingWelcome tool Frequently Asked Questions How do I edit a page? How do I create a new page? How do I add images? How do I change my username? How do I manage my profile? How do I change my community's background? How do I build a community? How do I create templates? How do I set up my main page? How do I format pages? What is UCP? Contact Us Questions About This Community Participating on Fandom Account Changes Changes to This Community Forum Getting Started Getting Technical Designing Your Community Community Management General Discussion Technical Updates Fandom University All University Courses Tour of Fandom Features Making Your First Contribution Introduction to Theme Designer Setting Up Your Navigation Menu Retrieved from "https://campjupiterroleplay.fandom.com/wiki/Help:Community_Management" Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Christmas Cards - Dogs - Bi-Lingual - Robins - Penguins - None
Thank you for visiting our Christmas Card page during these ongoing and unprecedented times. Because it's never too early to get into the festive spirit, choose from our wonderful range of Christmas cards, whether you like stylish, contemporary cards, traditional and religious cards, or amusing cards with cats wearing hats. Sending British Heart Foundation Christmas cards is the perfect way to bring families together and show your support for our life saving research. All of our Christmas cards are glitter free.
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Mild when young becoming sharp, buttery and nutty when aged. Similar to blend of aged Cheddar and Parmesan flavors. Texture changes from elastic and firm to hard and granular with age.Heritage
Asiago derives its name from a small town in northern Italy. In Italy, Asiago usually means Asiago Fresco (fresh), which has a mild flavor and semi-hard texture. In Wisconsin, cheesemakers age Asiago to develop sharper flavors. It resembles a cross between sharp white Cheddar and Parmesan.
Serving Suggestions
Grate Asiago over lavosh, focaccia and other flat bread dough and bake as usual. Grate over salads, soups, vegetables, pasta and pizza. Try topping seafood with grated Asiago, then broil. Aged Asiago makes a wonderful dessert cheese when served as is with walnuts and dried apricots.
Brick is a Wisconsin original, first made by John Jossi around 1877. Some Brick cheeses resemble Germany's surface-ripened Beer Cheese or Beer Käse. Brick was named for its shape and because cheesemakers originally used bricks to press the moisture from the cheese. Wisconsin leads the nation in the production of Brick and surface-ripened Brick. The bacteria that cheesemakers apply to surface-ripened cheeses, known as a smear, develops the full, earthy flavor.
A Wisconsin original. Flavor changes from mild and sweet with a touch of nuttiness when young to pungent and tangy when aged. surface-ripened with smooth, open texture.
Ivory to creamy yellow
Serving Suggestions
Mild Brick makes excellent macaroni and cheese, potatoes au gratin or hash browns with cheese. Aged Brick adds flavor to all types of sandwiches. Try mild Brick with sautéed onions and stone ground mustard on rye bread, with pickled vegetables on the side. Top toasted Italian bread with asparagus, ham and Wisconsin Brick; broil and serve open face
Cheese Knowledge:
A popular cheese that originated in ancient times. Cheddar cheese was first made in Cheddar, a village in southwest England, and historical records indicate that the cheese has been made since at least the 1100s. A (semi)firm, cow's milk cheese that ranges in flavor from mild to sharp and in color from a natural white to pumpkin orange. Orange cheddars are colored with annatto, a natural dye. Cheddars vary in flavor depending on the length of aging and their origin.
As cheddar slowly ages, it loses moisture and its texture becomes drier and more crumbly. Sharpness becomes noticeable at 12 months (old cheddar) and 18 months (extra old cheddar). The optimal aging period is 5-6 years; however, for most uses three-year-old cheese is fine and five-year-old cheddar can be saved for special occasions.
• Cheddar Cheese is the most widely purchased & eaten cheese in the world!
• A Wisconsin Cheddar cheese of 34,951 lb (15,853 kg) was produced for the 1964 New York World's Fair. It required the equivalent of the daily milk production of 16,000 cows.
• White House historians assert that U.S. President Andrew Jackson held an open house party where a 1,400 lb (635 kg) block of Cheddar cheese was served as 'refreshment'.
• Cheddar cheese is the most popular cheese in the United Kingdom, accounting for 51% of the country's £1.9 billion annual cheese market.
Handling & Storage:
Can be frozen if cut into small 1/2-pound chunks, and wrapped in airtight packaging. Thaw in the refrigerator, and use soon thereafter.
• Colby
• Monterey Jack
Favorite Pairings:
• Deli Meats
• Sandwiches
• Burgers, Grilled Cheese, etc.
• Apples
• Sharp Cheddar
• Cabernet
• Rioja
• Sauvignon Blanc
• American Amber/Red Ale Beers
• American, Belgian, & English IPA Beers
• Champagne
• Chardonnay
Cheese Knowledge:
Cheese curds are little known in locations without cheese factories, because they should ideally be eaten within hours of manufacture. Their flavor is mild, with about the same firmness as cheese, but with a springy or rubbery texture. Fresh curds squeak against the teeth when bitten into, a defining characteristic, due to air trapped inside their porous bodies. They are sometimes referred to as "squeaky cheese". They are sometimes somewhat salty. The American variety is usually yellow or orange, like most American Cheddar cheese. Other varieties, as in Quebec or New York State, can be paler.
~ Wikipedia
Favorite Recipes:
• Fresh and Raw!
• Deep-Fried
Cheese Curds Recipe PDF
Cheese Knowledge:
The flavor of Colby cheese is often compared to cheddar, but the cheese is much more mild and creamy. Colby also has a high moisture content, and it tends to be much softer than cheddar. The cheese is manufactured with a washed curd process, and is not subjected to cheddaring, as is the case with cheddar cheese. Washing reduces the acid content, making Colby cheese less tangy when it is finished.
~ wisegeek.com
• Joseph F. Steinwand in 1874 developed a new type of cheese at his father's cheese factory near Colby, Wisconsin. The cheese was named after the village, which had been founded three years earlier.
• An 1898 issue of the "Colby Phonograph" noted that "A merchant in Phillips gives as one of the 13 reasons why people should trade with him, that he sells the genuine Steinwand Colby Cheese." After the turn of the century Wisconsin became known as one of the great cheese producing centers in the United States.
~ Wikipedia
Handling & Storage:
• The gentle, mild cheese does not age well, tending to become cracked and dry. It should be eaten as young as possible, making it an excellent choice of cheese for commercial production since dairies do not need to invest in a large aging area for finished cheeses. Certain high quality Colby cheese may be aged, but the majority of the cheese is sent directly to market.
• Mild Cheddar
Favorite Pairings:
• Zinfandel, Syrah, & Shiraz wines
• Tangy Rye Bread
• Apples
• Pears
• Grilled Sandwiches
Popular Recipes:
Hash Browns Casserole
Baked Cheese Spread
Salsa Mac & Colby Cheese
Cheese Knowledge
Jacko is produced from a mixture of Colby and Monterey Jack cheeses. Its generally eaten when it is still young and mild in flavor. The cheese has a semi-hard texture. The flavor of Colby-Jack is mild to mellow. The cheese is high in calcium.
~ Wikipedia
Favorite Pairings:
• Cheese Trays
• Salads
• Sandwiches
• Casseroles
• Soups
• Sauces
Edam and Gouda originated in Holland over 800 years ago. The name "Edam" comes from a town of the same name in southern Holland. The village of Gouda shares the same valley. Originally, cheesemakers shaped Edam into balls to roll down the gangplanks into ships for export. Since Edam has a firmer texture than Gouda, it maintained its round shape.
Part-skim milk variety with light, buttery, nutty flavor and smooth, firm texture. Dutch in origin.
Fontina originated in Italy in 1477 in the mountainous Val d'Aosta region near the Swiss border. It was named Fontina d'Aosta for Mont Fontin and the nearby village of Fontinaz. Fontina is considered to be one of the most versatile cheeses in the world because it is excellent as both a table cheese and a cooking cheese. Fontina has been copied often; the most notable versions are the Italian-style, Swedish-style and Danish-style. Today, Wisconsin cheesemakers produce all three varieties.
Made in 3 styles: DANISH: slightly tart, nutty, mild earthy flavor; mellow to sharp depending on age. Red waxed. SWEDISH: slightly tart, nutty, mild earthy flavor; mellow to sharp depending on age. Red waxed... ITALIAN: mild, earthy, buttery flavor. Smooth, supple texture with tiny holes. Brown coating.
Danish-style and Swedish-style: slightly tart, tangy, nutty, light earthy flavor; mellow to sharp depending on age Italian-style: mild, earthy, buttery
Gouda and Edam originated in Holland over 800 years ago. The name "Gouda" comes from a village in southern Holland. The town of Edam shares the same valley. In the early days of Dutch cheesemaking, cheesemakers wrapped Gouda for export in red cloth to identify the variety. Today, some Wisconsin producers carry on the tradition by covering the cheese with red wax or cellophane.
Whole milk variety with rich, buttery, slightly sweet flavor and smooth, creamy texture. Develops complex caramel flavor, firmer texture when aged. Dutch origin. Available Smoked or Plain.
Serving Suggestions
Use smoked Gouda as a flavorful partner with grilled, sliced turkey or chicken in a hot sandwich. Gouda melts well and it's great in casseroles. Layer fresh apples and slices of Gouda in a baking dish, sprinkle with sugar-cinnamon crumb mixture and bake.
Havarti, a milder version of German Tilsit, was first made popular in Denmark. Many cheesemakers in Wisconsin produce a product similar to its Danish cousin.
Buttery, slightly acidic flavor. Available plain and flavored. Smooth, supple texture with tiny holes. It is a table cheese that can be sliced, grilled, or melted.
Cheese Knowledge:
Monterey Jack is an American semi-hard cheese made using cow's milk. It has a delicate, buttery, slightly tart flavor. Available plain and flavored. This creamy cheese lends itself well to peppers and spices. Mullins offers an assortment of spiced Monterey Jack including jalapeno pepper, habanero pepper, dill, beer flavored, tomato basil, pesto, and buffalo wing.
- Garlic - Chipotle - Habanero - Jalapeño - Dill - Salsa - Buffalo Wing - Tomato Basil - Beer - Pesto -
In its earliest form, Monterey Jack was made by the Mexican Franciscan friars of Monterey, California, during the 1800s. California businessman David Jack first began to mass market the cheese. He produced a mild, white cheese, which came to be known as "Jack's Cheese", and eventually "Monterey Jack".
~ Wikipedia
• Muenster
• Gouda
• Havarti
Favorite Pairings:
• Mexican Inspired Meals – Tacos, Burritos, Enchiladas, Fajitas, Chimichanga's, etc.
• Quesadilla's
• Grilled Cheese Sandwiches
Monterey Jack Chicken Bursting with Flavor
Originally, Italians ate Mozzarella as a soft fresh cheese. Later, cheesemakers made it with lower moisture to give it a longer shelf life. After World War II, GIs returned home with a taste for a delicious new food they had discovered in Italy – pizza. Today, thanks in large part to these soldiers, Mozzarella rates second only to Cheddar in popularity in the United States. Wisconsin cheesemakers produce close to 650 million pounds of this Pasta Filata cheese each year. Pasta Filata refers to the process in which the curds are dipped in hot water and then stretched and kneaded into parallel strands. This allows Mozzarella to melt and flow and gives it its characteristic stretch.
Delicate, milky flavor. Smooth, plastic texture. Whole milk Mozzarella richer in taste. Excellent melting properties. Part-skim Mozzarella browns faster. String cheese similar to Mozzarella, but formed into strips for snacking.
Creamy white, smooth
Historians believe that Muenster originated in Alsace, France. Others give the honor to its neighbor, Germany. In Wisconsin, Muenster was among the first semi-soft cheeses European immigrants made in the late 1800's, and Americans quickly developed a taste for it. Wisconsin Muenster tastes milder, and the firmer texture helped it gain popularity as a slicing cheese for sandwiches.
Mild to mellow, faint aroma, savory; creamier with age
Serving Suggestions
Add a new twist to toasted cheese sandwiches or to your next cheeseburger. Muenster melts superbly on top of casseroles or pizza. Combine avocado slices, shredded Muenster, olives, hard boiled eggs, green onions and celery. Serve in pita bread pockets.
Cheese Knowledge:
Known as the king of Italian cheeses, Parmesan originated in the Reggio and Parma regions of Italy. It tastes sweet, buttery and nutty which intensifies with age.
According to legend, Parmigiano-Reggiano was created in the course of the Middle Ages in Bibbiano, in the province of Reggio Emilia. Its production soon spread to the Parma and Modena areas. Historical documents show that in the 13th-14th century Parmigiano was already very similar to that produced today which suggests that its origins can be traced to far earlier.
It was praised as early as 1348 in the writings of Boccaccio; in the Decameron, he invents 'a mountain, all of grated Parmesan cheese', on which 'dwell folk that do nought else but make macaroni and ravioli, and boil them in capon's broth, and then throw them down to be scrambled for; and hard by flows a rivulet of Vernaccia, the best that ever was drunk, and never a drop of water therein.'[2]
During the Great Fire of London of 1666, Samuel Pepys buried his 'Parmazan cheese, as well as [his] wine and some other things' in order to preserve them.[3]
In the memoirs of Giacomo Casanova, he remarked that the name "Parmesan" was a misnomer in his time (mid-18th century) as the cheese was produced in the town of Lodi, not Parma. This comment originates probably from the fact that a grana cheese very similar to the "Parmigiano", the Grana Padano, is produced in the Lodi area.
~ Wikipedia
Favorite Pairings:
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Pinot Noir
Popular Recipes:
Creamy Parmesan Cheese Sauce
Ultimate Crab & Spinach Manicotti with Parmesan Cheese Sauce
Baked Butternut Squash and Parmesan Cheese Gratin
Mashed Potatoes with Prosciutto & Parmesan Cheese
Provolone is an Italian cheese that originated in Southern Italy. It is slightly piquant when young becoming sharper as aged. Firm texture becomes granular with age. Wisconsin cheesemakers produce smoked and unsmoked Provolone. Producers originally tied rope around Provolone to hang it in the curing rooms. The rope also came in handy for transporting the cheese on horseback.
- Cheddar
- Colby Jack
- Monterey Jack
- Muenster
- Pepper Jack
-Queso Blanco
-White Cheddar


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An antitrust lawsuit has been filed against Google for allegedly making its ad network too expensive for competing search engines to advertise themselves on. The lawsuit, filed in the Southern District of New York, was brought by TradeComet.com LLC, which runs a "Global Business to Business Directory" called SourceTool. The company says that Google is in violation of federal antitrust laws by eliminating competition and choice.
TradeComet describes SourceTool as a "thriving" search engine that enables buyers of industrial products to easily connect with suppliers. Though this is clearly not the main focus of Google's search engine, TradeComet claims that the two are competitors that Google eventually felt threatened by. The company claims that Google initially "embraced" its relationship with SourceTool and that the site was purchasing some $500,000 per month in Google keywords, but that Google turned around and engaged in illegal conduct in an attempt to put SourceTool out of business.
Google apparently did this by raising advertising prices for SourceTool by 10,000 percent, according to SourceTool founder Dan Savage. "Citing an ambiguous quality score determined by a secretive algorithm to justify the price increase, Google refused to consider reductions even after SourceTool.com invested the company's savings to make the changes that Google said would rectify the supposed problems," Savage said in a statement. "As a result of Google flexing its monopolistic muscle, SourceTool.com currently averages about one percent of the traffic it previously had and is no longer a competitively viable business."
Google, for its part, seems relatively unconcerned by the accusations. In a statement sent to Ars, the company said that it had not reviewed TradeComet's complaint in detail, but reiterated that there are many advertising options online and companies are not limited to advertising with Google. "[A]s we have consistently made clear, the advertising market in which Google operates is highly competitive, and advertisers have a huge range of choices," Google said.
Still, that hasn't stopped TradeComet and its lawyers from moving forward with the antitrust case. "SourceTool.com offered a valuable service and TradeComet.com had a thriving business before Google decided to eliminate them as a competitor," said Rick Rule, Chair of Antitrust for Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, LLP in a statement. "We believe this complaint has strong merit and represents a serious antitrust violation."
Just for kicks, we gave SourceTool a quick runthrough to see exactly how similar it is to Google. When you search for a specific term, the engine will bring up "featured" listings (if there are any available) along with a slew of Google Ads along the side. There are also a handful of non-featured listings that link to various companies' "SourceTool Profile" pages. The profile pages list out information about the companies, like what they specialize in and where they are located, at which time the user can finally click through to the site in question. To us, it's clear that this site has a different spin than Google (and is a little lame at that, but that's neither here nor there).
All that aside, it seems as if TradeComet would be hard pressed to prove to a judge that it had no other option but to advertise through Google. After all, with other advertising options like Yahoo and Microsoft, the company has other options if it doesn't like Google's prices.


text:
Gulf Shores, Alabama may be a small town of 9,000, but its new website shows that it's recovering from the 2010 oil spill in a big way.
The 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was a monumental environmental disaster -- approximately 210 million gallons of oil were discharged over an 87-day period. Given the magnitude of the event, the recovery is ongoing, but one small Alabama beach town has been able to emerge from the crisis even stronger than before.
In 2011, Gulf Shores, Ala., had a record number of tourists -- 11 percent more than the year prior. 2012 saw more tourists still, with a 17 percent increase over 2011. And 2013 has started out like "gangbusters," according to Grant Brown, the city's Public Information Officer and Director of Recreation and Social Affairs.
Brown explained that BP injected a significant amount of money into the area to help repair its image and contribute to the recovery of the Gulf Coast. "With marketing dollars from BP, we feel like we're on the road to recovery, " Brown said. "We've had an opportunity to redevelop the image of Gulf Shores. The oil spill put us on the map. When you see Gulf Shores, it's a rebirth."
A major component of the city's fresh image is its new website, which launched on April 4. Previously, the city had an antiquated site based on a system that was written by an internal programmer. As the city focused efforts on a branding facelift, officials also wanted a digital brand to serve as a functional tool for citizens, employees and tourists.
Blake Phelps, the city's marketing and communications coordinator, discovered web developer CivicPlus, which specializes in creating websites for local governments.
"When we first started developing the site, the thought was that we wanted people to be wowed and think, 'I want to visit and live there,'" Phelps said. "We wanted it to be functional and to provide a tool to our visitors. We serve our residents but there is another side where we are a destination and tourist community."
The former website was challenging for residents, much less tourists, to navigate, because city services were organized according to each division's responsibilities. On the new site, visitors find functions according to service-based categories such as financial, commercial, community, etc.
Additionally, the new content management system allows employees to update information in real time. Citizens can opt-in to a notification module that will alert them via email or text message in the event of a storm or other disaster.
Website visitors can also communicate with officials via a reporting module. For example, if there is a pothole in the street, citizens can make a repair request from any computer or mobile device. The reporter can indicate the exact location and attach a picture. The communication is routed to the specific person who needs to act on the concern.
And the dialogue doesn't end there. Each person who reports a concern is asked to sign up for an online account so that city officials are able to circle back around to the individual.
"We'll be able to measure return on investment by the efficiency we will achieve," Brown said. "What used to be people bogged down with emails and phone calls will now float through automatically, giving those people the ability to respond to other issues. And instead of the citizen having to deal with multiple layers of administration, they can go directly to the right person. It's instant service without having to muddle through the phone call exchange."
As the site is tested and utilized by visitors, city officials are committed to adding more functionality and rolling out new tools. The updated website caps off the city's 18-month branding initiative that has allowed the City of Gulf Shores to completely redevelop its image.
"People may not know Alabama has a beach," Brown said, describing Gulf Shores as a small town of only 9,000 residents. "There is still a sense of community. Our tagline is 'Small town, big beach.' So we have to make sure that as we develop, we develop smartly. And the City of Gulf Shores doesn't have a brochure — we have a web address. So it has to be a wow factor."
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Originally posted June 16, 2014.
MOSUL, Iraq (BP) -- Iraqi Christians came under fire again as the bloody campaign of Islamic militants spilled over from Syria into Iraq's northern cities last week.
An estimated 10,000 fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (the Levant), also known as ISIS and ISIL, advanced rapidly on Mosul and other northern Iraqi cities, such as Tikrit and Kirkuk, leaving a wave of destruction in their path and sending the Iraqi army reeling in panic. By June 15, ISIS terrorists had begun to approach Baghdad.
Iraqi soldiers, policemen and government officials captured by ISIS have been summarily executed, as have some Chaldean Catholics, according to reports from sources inside the besieged region. Those same sources claim nearly all of the remaining Catholics have fled Mosul.
"All the faithful have left the city," Archbishop Emil Shimoun Nona told the Catholic World Report. "Who knows whether they will ever be able to return."
Since the United States invaded Iraq in 2003 to overthrow Saddam Hussein, nearly 1 million Christians have left the country. An estimated 500,000 remained in the northern portion of the country among the Chaldean Catholic community, which has existed there for 2,000 years. Nona said there were "35,000 faithful living in Mosul" in 2003.
"Three thousand were still there in early 2014," Nona said. "Now, probably no one is left there and that is tragic."
Haitham Jazrawi, pastor of Kirkuk Evangelical Church, confirmed the report.
"Ninety nine percent of the Christians have left Mosul," Jazrawi told World Magazine June 10.
The region's Catholics have been under pressure for some time, according to Catholic News Service. The agency quoted an Iraqi Catholic identifying himself only as "Danny," who said Christians "have been the objects of kidnapping, torture and killing by extremists, hoping to extort money from us or to force us to convert to Islam, for several months."
Father Khalil Jaar, who is responsible for aiding Christian refugees who have reached Amman, Jordan, told Catholic News Service that ISIS forces have killed many Christians, but also Muslims who oppose their efforts to impose strict Sharia law.
"All the people are suffering. But as we are a minority -- minority Christians -- it is normal to suffer more than others. But even the Muslims are suffering from these fanatic people," Jaar told CNS. "They don't have mercy on anyone, Christian or Muslim. The only answer they have is to kill them."
According to the newspaper La Stampa, whose Vatican Insider project reports daily on Catholics around the world, at least one church under construction in Mosul has been demolished and the fourth-century monastery of Mar Benham is in the hands of ISIS militants. Vatican sources published the e-mail correspondence of a Dominican friar in the area, who told his superior the situation was "critical and apocalyptic."
"They murdered adults and children. Hundreds of bodies have been left in the streets and in the homes, without any mercy," the Dominican friar wrote in his e-mail.
If not killed for their faith, Christians who remain in occupied Mosul will likely see the imposition of a "dhimma" by ISIS if the group holds onto the city, just as Syrian Christians experienced when the Islamists took control of the ancient Christian city of Raqqa in March.
Under a dhimma, a protection agreement much like those between mafia families and businesses, Islamists agree to offer "protection" to religious minorities in exchange for money. If the agreement is not signed, subjects are faced with the choice of converting to Islam or facing the sword.
The Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported in March that Christians in Raqqa, Syria, had signed the agreement, which committed them to a biannual tax of "four gold dinars" -- about $500 per person.
In addition to being required to practice Christianity behind closed doors, Christians in Raqqa were told to follow 11 other directives in order to keep the agreement with their Muslim overlords. Among those directives, Christians were prohibited from building new sanctuaries or restoring ones damaged in the civil war there, and they were forbidden from aiding any faction or government opposed to ISIS, Haaretz reported.
The U.S. State Department condemned the agreement in Raqqa as a violation of "universal human rights."
Nina Shea, writing in National Review Online, said the situation in northern Iraq shows "the religious cleansing of Christians from Iraq is entering the end game."
"President Maliki is vowing that Iraq's army will regain control, but this may take time. ISIS has controlled parts of Ramadi, the capital of Sunni Muslim Anbar province, and much of Fallujah for the past six months. When the army does eventually succeed in reversing jihadi control in Mosul, it may be too late for the Christians. Once Middle Eastern Christians flee to the West, they don't return," Shea wrote.
"This is a profound development for the Christian church, of course, which has had a two-thousand-year-old presence there. But it will have long-term national-security implications for the West. American political leaders have so far failed to distinguish the religious cleansing from its surrounding context of terror and conflict. They overlook the fact that religious pluralism and diversity are among today's casualties."
ISIS disavows any notion of freedom of religion. The group, which began as Al-Qaeda in Iraq, has morphed into a sect deemed too violent even by Al-Qaeda's spiritual leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri, who was second in command to Osama bin Laden. Zawahiri has supported a group in Syria called Al-Nusra, which -- though it has committed atrocities of its own -- has been more protective of civilians.
According to Haaretz, al-Zawahiri told ISIS to operate within the guidelines established by Al-Qaeda or it would face "a dreadful battle." But ISIS is not listening. The group is now under the command of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who until 2009 was in U.S. custody at Camp Bucca in southern Iraq.
Al-Baghdadi, who claims to be a direct descendant of Islam's founder, Muhammad, has surpassed al-Zawahiri in popularity and prestige among Sunni Islamists, according to a Washington Post report. A senior U.S. intelligence official told the paper he is "more violent, more virulent, more anti-American" than other potential successors to bin Laden.
His radical hatred of Jews, Christians and Americans in general is believed to be accompanied by his hatred of two other types of Muslims -- Sunnis who do not believe in establishing an Islamic caliphate over the whole of the Middle East, and Shiite Muslims, with whom Sunnis have argued over the succession of Islamic imams (spiritual leaders) for nearly 1,500 years.
Al-Baghdadi's brand of extremist Islam also puts him at odds with the Shiite-controlled Iraqi government, Iran and clerics such as Muqtada al-Sadr, who encouraged Shiite Muslims to attack American troops in Fallujah during the Iraq war.
Al-Sadr issued a statement through FARS, an official Iranian news agency, saying he would cooperate with the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki to "form peace units to defend the holy places" of both Muslims and Christians. What will likely follow is a larger religious war with any remaining Christians in Iraq caught in the middle of sectarian strife.
Elijah Abraham, born under a different name to a Shiite family in Baghdad, is now a Christian evangelist who travels to the Middle East often to train Christian pastors.
Abraham told Baptist Press the administration of President Barack Obama originally viewed ISIS as an enemy of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and gave the group money and arms to aid its effort to overthrow Assad. Abraham said the move was a serious miscalculation that has brought harm to Christians.
"ISIS is an extension of Al-Qaeda. With American funds, now ISIS is killing Iraqis and planning to go for Baghdad and Iraqi Shiite shrines to settle an old score," Abraham wrote in an e-mail. "Since 2009 with President Obama's policies in the Middle East, there has also been a systematic cleansing of Christians in the Middle East."
If ISIS gains the upper hand in the battle, Abraham said the world can expect to see more of what it saw June 15, when ISIS militants released a video reportedly showing the mass execution of captured Shiite Muslim military recruits.
"Christians will be slaughtered in this battle," Abraham said.
Barnabas Fund, an aid agency that supports minority Christians in Islamic countries, issued a statement saying the recent attacks on Christians in Mosul are "a clear statement from ISIS that they are no longer welcome."
"It is feared that this latest exodus could be the final death knell for the Christians of Iraq," the group's international director, Patrick Sookdheo, told CNS News.
"Having previously sought refuge in Syria, this is no longer an option, and as ISIS violence threatens the stability of the wider region, Christians have very few places of safety to which to run."
The northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar, with its population of 200,000, also fell to ISIS militants June 15.
Gregory Tomlin is a writer based in Fort Worth, Texas. Get Baptist Press headlines and breaking news on Twitter (@BaptistPress), Facebook (Facebook.com/BaptistPress) and in your email (baptistpress.com/SubscribeBP.asp).
Copyright (c) 2014 Southern Baptist Convention, Baptist Press www.BPNews.net


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I am staring daggers at the balding guy with the eyeshade who had just beat my nine-high straight with a jack-high straight that he pulled on the last card, but it isn't fazing him in the slightest. That might have something to do with the fact that, since the game is unfolding over the Internet, he is completely unaware of my amateurish psych-out attempt.
Though I've been a recreational poker player for more than 30 years, I'd never ventured into an Internet card room, vaguely uneasy about the fairness of the games, the possibility of collusion and the inability to study your opponents' style of play.
But on Friday night, I put aside my trepidation, pulled up a chair at my home computer and joined the estimated 2 million people who have played online poker, the vast majority of them Americans.
In doing so, I stepped into a legal gray area. A federal appeals court has ruled that the U.S. Wire Act applies only to wagering on sports, but the Justice Department still maintains that all forms of gambling on the Internet are illegal. My state — Washington — has no law prohibiting a resident from wagering online and allows poker to be played in licensed card rooms. So, while I couldn't claim I had the law on my side, I was able to find some comfort in the likelihood that neither was what I was about to do clearly illegal.
I decided to invest my $50 on Partypoker.com, the no. 1 poker site on the Web, which claims to have as many as 50,000 players online at a time during peak playing periods. Underlining the legal complexities of this particular cybertransaction, Partypoker is owned by a company in India that operates the site from a network hub in the British dependency of Gibraltar, which, unlike India, has laws regulating Internet gambling.
Checking out the action
My adventure actually began a night earlier, when I logged on to open an account and watch some games in order to be better prepared. Like most poker sites, Partypoker also offers games where newcomers can practice before playing for cash.
Because nearly all U.S. banks and credit card companies routinely decline transactions with online gambling operators, I had to go through an intermediary – e-Checks – which, after being given a checking account number and asking a few security questions, moved the money directly from my account to my newly opened Partypoker.com account.
Dropping in to watch a few games in progress, I was struck by the sharp graphics and sound effects of cards being dealt and chips flung into the pot. Not quite like sitting at a card table, but about as good as you could expect via a PC.
On Friday, at 7:30 p.m., I logged on, took a deep breath and waded into battle.
I had my choice of a variety of games – hold'em, Omaha, hi/lo Omaha, seven-card stud, seven-card stud hi/lo and tournament games – ranging from low stakes to high. To test the waters, I decided to join an eight-player game of seven-card stud – a game with which I am very familiar – at the lowest rate of play, 50 cent limit in the early rounds of betting and $1 thereafter. After watching play at the table for 10 minutes, I started off with $25 in chips, figuring I could go back for my second $25 later.
I was quickly assigned an "avatar" – a male character wearing a green sweater over a red shirt who appeared only half interested in the game. I wasn't wild about his body language, but I didn't have time to complain or inquire about getting a replacement as the first hand already was being dealt with lightning speed.
High-speed action
The first and biggest difference a recreational player must confront when playing online is the pace, which is torrid compared to that of a friendly neighborhood game. Each player has 30 seconds to respond, but "calls," "checks," "raises" and "folds" typically fly around the table much faster than that, and it's easy to get caught napping if you get distracted or are too deeply engrossed assessing your hand's possibilities.
I managed to click my way through my first hand without holding up the proceedings too badly, and was rewarded with a victory and a $5.75 pot.
I lost steadily for the next 20 minutes, struggling to find the rhythm of the game, but things appeared to be turning around when I hit a straight on my sixth card in a pot that still had three other players in it. Unfortunately, "Chrome Dome" spoiled it with his higher straight and, just 45 minutes into the game I was forced to return to the cashier for my second $25 in chips.
As I slowly built my bankroll back up during the next half hour, I noticed another difference between real world poker and virtual poker: Players enter and exit so quickly that it's easy to forget that the guy in the gray suit is not the same player who folded when someone reraised him a few minutes earlier.
At the end of two hours – the time I had originally intended to quit — I'd fought my way back to slightly above even, $51.75. But the lure of adding to my bankroll persuaded me to stick it out for another hour.
Big mistake.
Concentration lapses
A couple of aggressive players jumped into the game about the time my concentration started to lapse. Several times I stayed around too long with mediocre cards as the new arrivals raised and reraised.
The low point came when I noticed just after clicking on the "fold" button that I tossed an open-ended four-card straight with two draws still to go.
A full house momentarily buoyed me, but I quickly resumed my losing streak and 8 minutes before my third hour ended I went "all in" and came out on the wrong end of a two-pair showdown with – who else? – my bald nemesis (albeit a different player than the one who drubbed me several hours earlier).
In assessing my debut in hopes of improvement next time – and I do expect I'll play again at some point — I jotted down lessons learned during my baptism of fire:
- Make sure you play in a distraction-free environment – no TV, kids, ringing phones, etc.
- Set a time limit and stick to it.
- Remain patient during the inevitable streaks where the cards aren't falling for you.
And, most important, keep an eye on the bald guy.


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Ozark Forest Mushrooms converts oak into gourmet fare
Jason Jenkins
Jason Jenkins
Jason Jenkins
in butter with a sprinkle of salt, pepper and a splash of white wine.
how chef Andy Ayers first prepared Nicola Macpherson's
shiitake mushrooms 15 years ago, and it's how he's served
them ever since. His menu boldly states, "These are likely the
best mushrooms you've ever eaten."
"Nobody ever
argues with that assessment," says the owner
of Riddle's Penultimate Café and Wine Bar in St. Louis. "Nikki's
mushrooms are head and shoulders above the rest. From the very beginning,
I was blown away by their flavor."
Since 1990, Nicola
and her husband, Dan Hellmuth, have grown their business, Ozark Forest
Mushrooms, into the preeminent year-round supplier of gourmet specialty
mushrooms in Missouri. Tucked away in Shannon County just east of
Timber, the operation produces more than 3 tons of organic shiitake
mushrooms annually.
The Black River
Electric Cooperative members' foray
into fungus farming began almost 20 years ago. Dan's father
had raised cattle on the family's 2,500-acre farm, but livestock
did not interest the couple. Dan, an architect, attended an alternative
farming conference looking for another venture, and the prospect
of growing a niche crop using sustainable methods was appealing.
couple started growing the mushrooms as a hobby, but what began
as a hobby quickly turned into a commercial business. "It literally
mushroomed," Nicola says.
Native to eastern Asia and used in Oriental cuisine for centuries,
shiitake mushrooms have increased in popularity in the United States
thanks to their rich, hearty flavor. However, obtaining fresh shiitakes
in Missouri used to be a challenge.
"Before the
summer I met Nikki, the only shiitake mushrooms I had ever seen were
the dried ones in crinkly cellophane bags from Japan that you had
to re-hydrate," Andy recalls. "There
were some obvious drawbacks with that, and they had an unusual consistency.
I just wasn't crazy about them."
Although Shannon
County may not look like northern Japan, the Ozark forest
provides both the raw material and the ideal environmental
conditions for the traditional cultivation technique of
growing shiitake mushrooms outdoors on logs. But making food from
wood is very much a hands-on, labor-intensive process.
want to rot the logs, but it can be a battle," says
Nicola, a former high school science teacher originally
from Bristol, England. "You need to keep the logs
moist, but not too moist. Essentially, we're turning
what would be waste from a commercial timber harvest
into a high-value foodstuff."
Between December
and March, loggers selectively harvest dormant oaks from
the farm. The largest logs go to the sawmill, but the
treetops and smaller branches remain. These are cut
into 4-foot-long cordwood and range in diameter from 4 to
7 inches.
"Branch wood
is great for growing mushrooms because it has a higher percentage
of sapwood, and that's what provides the nutrients," Nicola
nature, shiitake mushrooms would grow from spores carried
by the wind. However, this method is too unreliable
for commercial production. Instead, Nicola inserts
a product called spawn, the mushroom farmer's
equivalent of seed, into half-inch-deep holes that
are drilled in a diamond pattern around the oak logs. Spawn contains actively
growing shiitake fungus.
Once the spawn
is inserted, melted cheese wax is daubed over each hole. This keeps
the spawn in the holes and prevents other fungi from entering the
logs. For the next six to nine months, the logs are
stacked horizontally in 50-log batches and left alone
until the shiitake fungus colonizes them completely.
Then, the logs are ready to produce mushrooms.
To produce a more
consistent mushroom crop, Nicola employs a technique called forced
fruiting. A stack of 50 logs is submerged in a tank of cold water
for 24 hours, and then the logs are stacked vertically under the
shade of the forest canopy and covered with a humidity blanket.
shock of the cold and moisture simulates fall conditions and
stimulates the logs to produce mushrooms," Nicola explains. "Depending
on temperature and humidity, the mushrooms
will be ready to pick in as few as four or five days."
50-log batch may produce as many as 30 pounds of mushrooms
in its first fruiting. After the logs produce a crop, they are allowed
to rest for about eight weeks. Then, it's back to the
tanks for another soak. Each log can fruit about four times
a year for up to four years, at which time the fungus exhausts
all the nutrients in the logs. Then, it's off to the
firewood pile.
Three years ago,
with the assistance of a grant from the USDA's
Sustainable Agriculture Research and
Education program, Nicola and Dan built a greenhouse and expanded
their operation to include wintertime mushroom production. A wood-burning
stove — fueled with spent
shiitake logs — warms the radiant
heat floor.
For Andy and Nicola's
other customers, the ability to obtain
fresh, locally grown shiitakes in the
winter has been a culinary treat.
years and years, if we had shiitakes
for Thanksgiving dinner, we felt
like it was a great, long season," Andy
says. "Now
that Nikki's developed the
indoor greenhouse system, we have
shiitakes all year long. For the
last three years, I've never
called her and had her say, 'Sorry,
no shiitakes.'"
the greenhouse also meant that
Ozark Forest Mushrooms could expand its
product line. Nicola now grows
and sells nearly a ton of oyster mushrooms
each year.
While most of her customers are
restaurants, Nicola does sell fresh
shiitake mushrooms to a number of grocery and
health food stores in the St. Louis area, including Schnucks grocery
stores in Ladue and Frontenac, Whole Foods in Brentwood and Natural
Way in Webster Groves. She also packages and sells her own line
of organic gourmet meals that feature
dried shiitakes.
When she has extra
mushrooms, Nicola sells them at the Maplewood Farmers Market at the
Schlafly Bottleworks on Wednesdays.
As demand for locally
produced food has grown in recent years, Nicola and Dan increasingly
have found themselves speaking at alternative farming workshops and
conferences, much like the one Dan attended so many years ago. Nicola
says she doesn't mind sharing her secrets
of success.
"I don't
worry about competition," she
says with a smile. "Most
people just aren't going
to do it. It's
simply too much work."
Nicola and Dan will display their products at the annual Best of Missouri
Market event, Oct. 6-7, at the Missouri Botanical Gardens. For directions
or more details about this event, call (314) 577-9400 or visit
You can reach Ozark Forest Mushrooms at (314) 531-9935 or email@example.com.
The Web address is www.ozarkforest.com.


text:
Individual FAQs - Refunds
RITA has 90 days from the date a complete refund request is received to process the refund. RITA reviews refunds to ensure all requests are valid.
To avoid delays, include all required documentation with your request.
Log in to MyAccount and click on View History. You may also call our automated phone system at 800.860.7482 and follow the prompts.
Generally, yes if you work in a RITA municipality that has an exemption. Complete the Form 10A and follow the directions for Claim Reason Number 1.
NOTE: Exceptions to the 18 years of age or older exemption exist. For more information, visit the RITA Municipalities, select the RITA municipality in which you worked and review the Special Notes section that relates to the appropriate tax year.
What should I do if I am owed a refund from my municipality of employment, yet I owe additional municipal income tax to my resident municipality?
If the employment municipality is a RITA member, fill out the Form 10A, Line 5 ("Amount of over withholding you want applied to your individual or joint account.....") to apply the overpayment to your resident tax balance.
If the employment municipality is not a RITA member, you need to contact that taxing authority and pay RITA the additional tax owed to your resident municipality.
Beginning with Tax Year 2018, the unreimbursed employee expense (Form 2106) deduction has been eliminated for federal income tax purposes for most employees and municipal income tax refunds for this reason are not available for most employees.
Qualified performing artists, fee-basis state or local government officials and employees with impairment-related work expenses may still claim a refund for this reason. Complete the Form 10A, Claim Reason Number 2 and submit a copy of page 1 of your Federal Form 1040 and Federal Form 2106.
For Tax Year 2017 and prior, complete the Form 10A and follow the directions for Claim Reason Number 2.
If you are required to file a RITA return, fill in Line 19 on the Form 37.
If you have already filed Form 37 or are not required to file, fill out the Form 10A, check Claim Reason Number 10 for overpayment. Employer certification is not required.
No. Stock options are taxable unless they have been specifically exempted by your work and/or resident municipality. For more information, visit the RITA Municipalities, select the municipality and review the Special Notes section that relates to the appropriate tax year.
My former RITA municipality employer withheld local tax for severance pay. Can I receive a refund of these taxes?
No. Severance pay is considered taxable to the former RITA municipality of employment.


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Cummins Engines
Because each customer is unique and each project is specific, BIA provides its customers with a tailored service to better meet their demands.
No matter what the type of project is, BIA's experienced engineers are there to guide customers from the initial stages of the project to its conclusion.
From the first phase of the project, customers will benefit from the support of BIA engineers for everything regarding:
* The recommended type of machines (size, weight, power, special options)
* The number of machines needed for the required production
* Estimate of the overall cost of engines throughout their life cycle (life cycle cost)
* The necessary infrastructure (workshop, warehouse, etc.)
* The auxiliary machines and tooling needed for maintenance
Then comes the question of the service to be provided to customers. With service agreements extending as far as Full Repair and Maintenance Program contracts, BIA provides its customers with continuous support. Thanks to these service contracts, customers have the guarantee that their machines are maintained and repaired perfectly according to OEM standards.
So, throughout the project development phase, BIA supports its customers by setting up a series of services. Among the services provided by BIA are:
*Recommendations on stock of parts to be built up
*Training programs
*Reconditioning of components
*Support for all the administrative and legislative questions associated with the specifics of the country concerned (taxes, local laws) etc.
At each stage of the project, BIA will therefore provide a suitable plan to each of its customers, depending on their own requirements. By planning, organising and controlling the specific resources, BIA's customers can confident that their project will be successfully and efficiently completed. This allows them the concentrate on their core business.
BIA considers each customer to be unique, and the quality of our after-sales services is a priority. That is why 75% of BIA personnel are qualified technicians and engineers.
In this spirit of premium service, BIA has developed a range of service agreements that have the advantage of being modular, to respond to the specific needs of customers.
With this wide choice of service contracts, BIA supports its customers at every stage of their project. From maintenance contracts to custom service contracts and RAMP (Full Repair and Maintenance Package) schemes, BIA offers its customers continuous assistance. Thanks to these service agreements, customers can be confident that their machines will be perfectly maintained and repaired in accordance with OEM standards. BIA also guarantees that it uses only certified original factory replacement parts. In short: the special customer care provided by BIA lets customers focus on their core business, with optimum budget planning and high machine availability.
The technical support that BIA brings to its customers is not limited to simple maintenance operations. In fact, this support comprises:
* Follow up and improvement of communication flows with customers and BIA suppliers (OEM)
* Guarantee Management
* Following up and management of process and internal procedure improvements
* Training in "best practices"
* Site audits in view of the continuous improvement program in which BIA is involved
* Technical Support
For all the territories in which BIA works, BIA is responsible for its equipment and the technical support provided to its customers. This is why BIA regularly visits its customers and the sites on which they work in order to check the practices in force. The visit then gives rise to a report, and matters arising from these will be directly communicated to manufacturers (with a view to future improvement).
Depending on the needs of the customer, of the project concerned and the type of contract entered into with the customer, BIA is proud to be able to recruit, train and coordinate all the operational functions needed for the maintenance and repair of machines on site. So BIA provides its customers with a specialised team of qualified engineers and technicians who benefit from a continuous training program. The customer also benefits from teams expert in the maintenance and repair of machines directly on site.
Thanks to BIA's experienced technical support, the customer is sure to obtain optimum efficiency from its machines.
1. Investment credit
On BIA's initiative, local and offshore banks help customers with their equipment purchases and operational expenditure related to parts and maintenance (classic loans, equipment financing, dedicated investments).
BIA helps customers hook up with the best financial organisations and put together their loan application, for a successful outcome.
2. Trade finance
Because BIA works with a large number of well-known banks and export credit agencies (ECA), customers can receive advice concerning their acquisition of financial products (efficient structuring of deferred payments and longer-term due dates).
BIA maintains strong relationships with European and Pan-African banking networks, which are able to assist customers from the start of their operations. BIA works mainly with LCs, SBLCs, and Avalised and Accepted Drafts.
3. Export financing — purchaser credit
For all matters relating to long-term projects, the BIA financing department gathers the best institutional and banking agents to structure its customers' export financing loans, and mainly purchaser credits. This type of structure naturally takes longer to create and finalise, but it provides access to long-term offshore financing.
4. Leasing
From CAPEX to OPEX, credit is a very common financing method in Europe, and is growing in Africa.
The BIA financing department works closely with its customers to introduce them to high-performance credit agencies able to support their activities via financial and operational loans to suit their needs.
BIA works with customers to find the ideal financing solution with regard to term, residual value, price, and service.


text:
Set your DVRs, Cortexifans! Starting Tuesday, Nov. 20 at 8/7c, Science Channel will begin airing repeats of Fringe from the very beginning, starting with 2008's bangin' two-hour pilot that introduced us to Peter, Liv and Walter, followed by the second episode.
And because it's Thanksgiving week, the nerdy-cool network is giving us even more reasons to be grateful: day-long marathons of the show on both Friday and Saturday, running from 10:30am/9:30c to 11pm/10c, as well as "Science of Fringe" shorts slated to run during the regular airings every Tuesday night starting Nov. 27. As Walter would say, how delightful!
So stock up on Red Vines and get set to go back to a simpler time when the Observers weren't so mean and the Pattern was all the rage. If you can't wait for the reruns to fire up, here's a sneak peek at one of the "Science of Fringe" pieces to tide you over (and freak you out).
Subscribe to TV Guide Magazine now!


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Rev. Dr. Benedict Churchill
Rev. Dr. Benedict ChurchillThe Rev. Dr. Benedict Churchill
Father Benedict received his B.A. from St John's University in Minnesota in 1969, his Licentiate in Mediaeval Studies from the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto in 1975, his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1979, and his M.Div. from St Vladimir's Seminary in 2010. He held adjunct positions at Fordham University and New York University, and he worked for Xerox Corporation from 1983 until he retired in 2006. He was ordained to the diaconate in 2009 and to the priesthood in 2010. He does translations of liturgical texts from Greek and Slavonic, and occasionally sets them to monophonic chants. He maintains a website with Slavonic liturgical texts, and he enjoys music and reading. A former SCUBA instructor, he also engages from time to time in non-violent exercise. The priest at St George's Orthodox Church in Edenton, North Carolina, Fr. Benedict is also Editor-in-Chief of St. Vladimir's Press.


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How Can Small Businesses Plan For Growth In This Environment?
Closed: 27 May 2009, 11:59PM PT
Continuing from our earlier cases, American Express is sponsoring more conversations here in the Insight Community concerning how small businesses can handle the current economic environment. Contributions to our past discussions have made their way to American Express' OPEN Forum blog, and we're looking for further insights that will complement the topics on the economy section of the OPEN Forum blog.
While the headlines are still somewhat gloomy, there are some signs that the economy may be starting to turn around, and some businesses are trying to start up or grow. If you're a part of this group, there are obvious reasons to be cautious. So what steps are you taking to make sure your plans for growth are not foolhardy in this environment? What kinds of expansion are justifable? What resources are available to small businesses that are trying to expand during economic hard times? These are just a few topic suggestions, feel free to contribute your own recommendations.
Ideally, submissions will contain specific examples and personal experience. Any insight that is selected to be published on the American Express OpenForum blog will be awarded a payment. You may submit multiple insights, but make each submission a post that can stand alone.
6 Insights
Filed Under: growth, small business


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It's our top priority to ensure you have a great customer experience & we look forward to serving you. We are an authorized Indian Motorcycle, Can-Am, Ryker, Spyder, Sea Doo dealer in Denton, Texas and we offer a huge selection of new & used Trikes, Trailers, ATVs, Boats, Motorcycles, Go Karts, Golf Carts, Jet Skis, Scooters, Side by Sides for sale. Find your freedom today at Freedom Powersports Denton.
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- Article
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June 7, 2013Global
Ambassador Mark P. Lagon's testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives Committee of Foreign Affairs' Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations dis…
September 30, 2010United States
Mark Lagon testifies before the House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs on human trafficking. He offers recommendations on four areas for action by the United States.
August 13, 2015Iran
In his testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Ray Takeyh argues that there is precedent for Congress turning down agreements until a better draft is negotiated as in the case of arms c…
November 19, 2014Hong Kong
Testifying before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Mark P. Lagon argues that democracy in Hong Kong is reaching a pivotal moment and the United States and other nations must join in s…
April 29, 2014Global
In his testimony before a subcommittee of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mark P. Lagon argues that the United States must focus on two areas of concern in the global fight against human traf…
April 3, 2014Global
In his testimony before a subcommittee of the House Committee on Natural Resources, Mark P. Lagon argues that illicit fishing worldwide is rife with criminal activities, such as human and drug traffi…
February 12, 2014Global
In his testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Mark P. Lagon discusses illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, the Port States Measures Agreement, and human trafficking as it re…
July 7, 2011Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament
Stephen Sestanovich testifies before the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee that, though the U.S. and Russia restored broadly cooperative ties after 2008, the relationship is marked by lingering …
May 17, 2007Russia
Prepared Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs CommitteeMr. Chairman, I appreciate the invitation to discuss Russia and Russian-American relations with you and your colleagues at today's very ti…
January 31, 2007Iraq
Prepared Testimony before the House Committee on Foreign AffairsFrom the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to terrorism, from human rights to democratization, the Islamic Republic of Iran …


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Design with SAP Fiori
Use the UI resources of our award-winning user experience for designing great enterprise software. We are constantly evolving it to make sure your users keep getting the best enterprise UX in the industry.
Develop with SAP Fiori
Build apps for your organisation that are simple, preconfigured, and UI technology-independent. There are many ways to make use of the SAP Fiori design for your own projects.


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As the 2012 presidential election nears, advisors are like Charles Dickens describing late 18th century France and England in A Tale of Two Cities. Considering their own practices, these seem to be the best of times, but as for the state of the economy and markets, and their feelings about Washington, these are uncertain, dangerous times for advisors. They fear rising inflation, believe it will be more difficult to achieve their clients' goals and that the "Millennial" generation will have a harder time achieving the American Dream.
In an interview on Tuesday reviewing the findings of Schwab Advisor Services' 12th semi-annual Independent Advisor Outlook Study, Bernie Clark, executive VP and head of SAS, said those feelings were understandable. "The stakes are a little higher this time," he said, referring to this year's election, that among advisors there's "more consternation" that can be traced to the persistent troubles in Europe, to "zero percent interest rates" and to "the least productive government in many years," as evidenced by gridlock in Washington.
But under the "best of times" scenario, Clark (right) says advisors are "hiring because their businesses are growing," and they're optimistic about future growth because their "highly engaged" clients" are a key part of their "sales force." Because of RIAs' focus on engaging with clients throughout the financial crisis, those clients are now "telling the good story" of how their advisors have helped them "stay disciplined" to their families, colleagues and acquaintances. Advisors are retaining clients and their assets at a very high rate, Clark said.
The Study surveyed 839 employees of independent RIA firms that custody with Schwab Advisor Services from Aug. 21-31, 2012. Some of the key findings:
- 55% of advisors predict the performance of the S&P 500 will increase in the next six months
- 55% think the U.S. economy has worsened in the past four years, and 50% believe the capital markets have gotten worse
- 34% say they are bullish on the market for the next six months, down from 45% in January 2012, when the previous Study was published
- 33% think unemployment will increase over the next six months, up sharply from 18% in January 2012
- 50% believe inflation will increase in the next six months, compared to 44% in January 2012
- 23% think it "likely" that a double-dip recession will occur in the next six months; compared to 14% in January
- 47% think consumer spending will increase, down from 57% in January
As to whether they will be able to achieve clients' goals in the current market environment, 63% said it would be "difficult," compared to 59% in January. When asked if they thought "young people today—the Millennials—will be able to achieve the same (or a higher) economic status as their parents?" 36% responded "Most of them will not."
For the first time, the Study asked respondents about "The American Dream," and 81% said it was "still alive" but different than it was a generation ago. When asked to list those issues that "have had or will have the most negative impact on Americans' ability to achieve the American dream," the most frequently cited obstacles were
- Federal debt: 65%
- high unemployment: 61%
- cost of a college education: 60%
- health care costs: 59%
Interestingly, "loss of home equity" was only the 10th-most-cited issue, at 27% of respondents, which Clark suggested reflected a sense that housing is now "firming," and that "if you can believe" the last few months of unemployment numbers," they may signal a "return to normalcy."
On their own businesses over the next four years, however, the advisors in the survey were quite bullish: 83% said they felt that way about the assets they had under management and 80% on firm profitability. More than one-third (37%) reported that they had hired new staff, especially in the areas of investment management (48%), client service (47%), operations support (47%) and business development (32%). However, business development capabilities were most often cited as the hardest skill to find when looking for new professional employees of their firms.


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PLYMOUTH — The Winnisquam High School volleyball team took Farmington out of its rhythm in the first set of their Division III semifinal match.
And that's exactly what Bears' coach Mike Livernois wanted to see.
"I think that's what we did in game one," Livernois said. "We served well and we got a lot of tip kills that they weren't prepared to deal with. They really didn't figure it out for the whole game. We really got quite a few tip kills."
Sixth-seeded Winnisquam carried that opening set momentum through the entire match to defeat No. 2 seed Farmington in four sets 25-14, 24-26, 25-19 and 25-12 on Wednesday at Plymouth State University. The Bears advanced to the Division III championship match on Friday (7 p.m.) to face No. 5 seed Nute.
It was a disappointing end to the season for No. 2 Farmington (16-3).
"I asked the girls if they were nervous and told them that they'd been here for five years," Farmington coach Jenn Kuehl said. "They own this gym. Unfortunately, a couple things went wrong for us tonight."
They didn't owh Foley Gym Wednesday. Farmington hit just .051 as a team, when it usually hits in the high .200s. The Tigers were also called for net violations 11 times.
"I think that the most we've ever been called into the net was once in game," Kuehl. "(So) that's 11 unearned points for the other team. That hurt our momentum for sure. Every time we went near the net the whistle blew."
Farmington also lost the battle for side outs ‑ 44 percent to 65 percent.
"You can't win like that," Kuehl said.
In the days leading up to Wednesday's match, Winnisquam studied plenty of film on Farmington, a team it beat in five sets just two weeks ago. The research paid off. Livernois found an area his team could exploit.
"We did a lot of tipping because when we looked at film, the floor was wide open," Livernois said. "I think the longer that went on, the more that opened the floor up. As the game went on, we were able to put balls down because they weren't sure whether it was going to be a tip or a hard ball."
Winnisquam also focused on preventing Farmington's Marissa Peart — who finished with 12 kills and 18 digs — from hitting her stride.
"She's one of the strongest hitters in the state," Livernois said. "You don't ever want her to get on a role because when she starts putting the ball down, it's hard to play."
The Bears jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the first set and Elyssa Clairmont said even that early advantage was crucial.
"All practice week we've worked on just breaking the first serve," Clairmont said. "That's really how we get our momentum and we struggle with serve receive a lot so it's really important for us to stay up."
Farmington took a brief lead at 3-2, but Winnisquam tied the game at 3-3 and then pulled ahead. The Tigers never led again. Hannah Kilcoyne served from points 11 to 17 with four aces to seal the first set for the Bears.
Winnisquam stayed close until the end of a tight second set. After falling behind 23-19, the Bears fought back to tie the game at 24. But Farmington got the final two points of the set to tie the match at a set apiece.
"We could have let that really get under their skin, but we didn't," Livernois said. "They learned from what they did last time against Farmington and took game three."
Livernois called winning the third set an important part of Winnisquam's eventual victory.
"(Farmington's) a senior dominated team," he said. "I think once they felt like they weren't invincible anymore, it put a little bit of pressure on them. There were five seniors starting on that team. They're the No. 2 seed.
"There's no pressure on us. I only graduate two seniors from this team and only one starter. We knew that if we could keep the pressure on them that eventually it would build more to them than us because we're No. 6. We're not supposed to be in the finals."
The Bears took a lead at 4-3 in the third set and never surrendered it to win 25-19. In the fourth set, the Bears cruised to a 25-12 victory.
Hannah Chapin finished with 18 kills and 10 digs. Long added 10 kills, four aces and a block, while Clairmont had eight kills, 35 assists, two blocks and nine aces. Archibald recorded seven digs, four kills and two aces. Mo Raymond had 12 digs and seven kills and Dallis Austin had 16 digs.
Kelsey Gregoire had nine kills for Farmington and Jenelle Thompson finished with 19 digs.
Winnisquam faced several setbacks throughout the year. Looking back now, Livernois said those experiences just made the Bears better. They lost their season opener to Farmington in three sets, fell to Nute twice in four sets and dropped a match against Inter-Lakes in five sets earlier this month.
"It was really nice to figure out what our weaknesses were so we could fix it and get better as the season went," he said. "Those losses really showed us what we needed to fix."
The Bears are playing their best volleyball of the year in the tournament, and Livernois said that comes from the team figuring out its weaknesses.
"We worked a lot the past couple of weeks on serve receive and passing," he said. "That's gotten much, much better. That's the other key. We're not giving points away on serve receive. We're really capitalizing and were able to stop their serve."
Clairmont agreed.
"During the season and during tournament games, it's really important for us to experience going to five because in the fifth game you have to get ahead and stay ahead," she said. "You're only going to learn from experience. You realize that you have to play your hardest all the time and you can't slack off."
Farmington's season ends in upset
PLYMOUTH — The Winnisquam High School volleyball team took Farmington out of its rhythm in the first set of their Division III semifinal match.


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What if you have a RH - bloodtype?
Usually doctors advise women who have a (surgical) abortion or miscarriage or delivery to have an injection with anti D globuline. The reason is that if the fetus has a positive bloodtype and if there is an exchange in blood the woman can make antibodies in her blood that can affect the next born baby.
However, research with early medical abortion and first trimester (first 12 weeks) spontaneous abortions have shown that no or very little exchange in blood between the woman and the fetus takes place and that the a woman does not make any significant amount of antibodies that could affect the next fetus.62 , 107
So we do not advise you to get an injection with anti-d globuline. But if you feel unsure, you should to a doctor or hospital shortly after having the medical abortion, say you had a miscarriage and that you are rhesus -; the doctor might decide to give anti-d globuline anyway depending on his/her opinion.
More scientific information:
There is minimal evidence that administering Rh immune globulin for first trimester vaginal bleeding prevents maternal sensitization or development of hemolytic disease of the newborn. The practice of administering Rh immune globulin to Rh-negative women with a first trimester spontaneous abortion is based on expert opinion and extrapolation from experience with fetomaternal hemorrhage in late pregnancy. Its use for first trimester bleeding is not evidence-based.62, 107


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School's out and what's a Toronto gardener to do?
The kids finished school and their day camp starts next week so I had to entertain them yesterday. Did I take them to a movie or the mall? They know better!
As it was an absolutely beautiful day, I wrangled / bribed / threatened them into accompanying me to a garden we last visited last fall: the Toronto Music Garden. Designed by Julie Moir Messervy , cellist Yo Yo Ma, and others, the three acre space is "a reflection in landscape of Bach's Suite No. 1 in G Major for unaccompanied cello, BWV 1007."
There are six sections of the garden which corresponds to each dance movement in Bach's piece: Prelude, Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue, and Minuets. Here is the link which describes each movement's physical, design, and horticultural components.
I think a visitor can have a greater appreciation of the space if she/he actually knows the music driving the design. Since I don't (but should simply add it to my iPod and listen to it during my next visit,) I am more interested in the perennials and woodies used and their placement in the design which equally drive the design.
|Toronto Music Garden Gigue section
showing Japanese forest grass, blooming smokebush,
purple salvia, yellow potentilla
This picture is in the Gigue section but more importantly, to me, shows the design principles of mass, line, and repetition in combination with using complementary colours (yellow and purple) for visual tension and excitement. Yes, you can grow the Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola') in full sun and doesn't it look smashing containing the Dropmore Blue Catmint (Nepeta x faassenii 'Dropmore Blue') and the yellow cinquefoil (Potentilla tridentate) on top? A smokebush in bloom to the left and a crabapple in the background provide more structure throughout the year.
Looking eastward, there's an ubiquitous condo to the left and the CN Tower in the middle. To the immediate right is the lakefront, providing conditions which make the visit very pleasant with a prevailing breeze.
|Mass of pink astilbes
Lines are always flowing in this space and here's a great example in the Minuet section. The curved metal bench merges into this bed with the Japanese Anemone, a mass of pink astilbe blooming so nicely for us, "Makamik" crabapple, and dwarf lilac in the background. If you like pinks, this area is for you! I hope you can make out the path to the right. It leads down a grove of nannyberry viburnum fronted by a mass planting of "Stella de Oro" daylilies, both in full bloom.
To their credit, the kids humored dad for about an hour before making plaintive cries of starvation and neglect. Time for lunch and they led the way up the stone stairs of the gigue. If you're in the Habourfront area, as a local or visitor, try to spend some time at this garden. It's hard to believe that the busy city is so close when you're wandering down the garden's many spiralling paths.


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| 4.7°C Belfast
The queen of British cinema will get the royal seal of approval at this year's Baftas when the Duke of Cambridge presents Dame Helen Mirren with the Fellowship award.
Dame Helen - who has played the monarch on stage and screen and won the leading actress Oscar in 2007 for The Queen - joins other winners of the prestigious award including Martin Scorsese and Sir Christopher Lee.
The event, at London's Royal Opera House in Covent Garden tomorrow, is hosted by Stephen Fry with big name guests including Leonardo DiCaprio, Uma Thurman and Tom Hanks.
It i s widely seen as a dry run for next month's Oscars and Steve McQueen's 12 Years A Slave is tipped to continue its award season success.
The film, which stars Chiwetel Ejiofor as a free man kidnapped and sold into slavery in America's deep south, has 10 nominations including for best film and best director.
Ejiofor is nominated for the leading actor award while co-stars Lupita Nyong'o and Michael Fassbender are nominated for supporting actress and actor.
London-born Ejiofor said there was " something particularly special about receiving a Bafta nomination from home".
He faces competition for the leading actor award from veteran Bruce Dern for his role in Nebraska and Hollywood stars Christian Bale, DiCaprio and Hanks.
The other contenders for best film are Philomena, Captain Phillips, American Hustle and Gravity.
Philomena also gets Dame Judi Dench a nomination f or the leading actress award for her role as the title character whose sea rch for the son she was forced to give up for adoption in 1950s Ireland inspired the film.
She is in the running with American Hustle's Amy Adams, Cate Blanchett, Emma Thompson and Sandra Bullock for Gravity.
Film critic Mark Kermode said he expected the outer space drama to provide the main competition to 12 Years A Slave for prizes.
He said: "The nice surprise has been, in the case of 12 Years A Slave, not only has it been nominated for best film, best director, you've got a best supporting actor nomination for Lupita Nyong'o, who's terrific.
"Great to see Chiwetel Ejiofor nominated for best actor, his performance is absolutely outstanding, although he's up against Tom Hanks in Captain Phillips - that's going to be a pretty tough title fight.
"When it comes to wins, you're looking at 12 Years A Slave and Gravity. American Hustle has done well numerically in the nominations, I'd be surprised if it did as well when it comes to the awards themselves."
Other nominees for best supporting actor are Bradley Cooper and Matt Damon along with Captain Phillips star Barkhad Abdi and Daniel Bruhl who played Niki Lauda in Formula 1 film Rush.
Also recognised is American chatshow host Oprah Winfrey who is nominated for best supporting actress for her role in The Butler.
That category sees Jennifer Lawrence and Julia Roberts nominated along with Sally Hawkins for her role in Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine.
McQueen faces competition for the best director award from big names including Paul Greengrass and Martin Scorsese.
Comic and actor Steve Coogan is nominated for best adapted screenplay for his work with Jeff Pope on Philomena.
Kelly Marcel, who has written the script for the forthcoming 50 Shades Of Grey film, is among the nominees for the outstanding debut award for her work on Saving Mr Banks, about the making of Mary Poppins.
Also nominated in that category are Colin Carberry and Glenn Patterson who wrote Good Vibrations - the true story of Terri Hooley, who ran a record shop in Belfast at the height of the Troubles.
American filmmaker Alex Gibney is nominated twice in the best documentary category for his films about drug cheat cyclist Lance Armstrong and whistleblowing website WikiLeaks.
Gravity leads the pack in number of nominations with 11, one ahead of both 12 Years A Slave and American Hustle.
The event, formally known as the EE British Academy Film Awards, is broadcast on BBC1.


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The_Boojum wrote:Gary,
in asynch mode everything works fine. All extensions, prefs, address books, and messages backed up correctly.
Schedule now set for daily processing.
Many thanks for all your hard work to get this working.
I am, and will remain, a fan of TEBE/FEBE.
All the best
Hmm, it sounds like it should be working when not asynchronous, but I don't know. I can't explain it as I have no issues at all. If you're trying to backup screeds of mail it could be timing out or something. Is there anything in the error console?
I'm glad you've got it working, anyway, and you're welcome.


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Famed for its first-class access to the nation's biggest drawcards, the Great Barrier Reef and the Daintree Rainforest, these world-heritage sites stamp Cairns on the map as Australia's nature capital with some serious adventure game.
No matter who you are or how long you're there, Cairns is a bucket list destination that speaks for itself when it comes to flaunting its natural assets. You could be rubbing fins with Nemo while you snorkel the Great Barrier Reef, surfing your way through the jungle of the Daintree Rainforest or hammock-side on a tropical island all within a day.
Whether you're gliding above the rainforest, meeting the local wildlife or learning about the indigenous history of the region, Cairns is brimming with nature and adventure experiences for every sized explorer. See these top 10 Cairns experience to add to your itinerary.
Stretching over 2300kms, the Great Barrier Reef consists of 900 islands and 2900 individual reefs so as you can imagine, the ways you tick off this bucket list item is extensive, and the scenery is nothing short of spectacular.
Whether you choose to sail, scuba, snorkel, cruise, fly, skydive or island hop, on, in or over the Great Barrier Reef, you can guarantee there is an experience for whatever floats your boat.
Here are some of the best ways to experience the Great Barrier Reef from Cairns:
Cairns is brimming with nature experiences, and tours are the best way to see as much as you can.
Deciding how you should experience the greatest reef on earth? Check out which Great Barrier Reef Tour is for you.
To learn about the fascinating indigenous history of Tropical North Queensland look at some of these indigenous tours.
The adventure capital will certainly deliver some of the best adrenaline experiences to really get your tummy turning with our guide for adventure packed things to do in Cairns.
Whether you are after budget accommodation or you can splash some cash on something a little la-de-da, Cairns has you covered.
For an all-inclusive 5-star experience where kids under 12 can stay and eat breakfast for free, rest your head at the Pullman Reef Resort and Casino. If your tribe is looking for a more resort-like vibe, you can't go past the Novotel Cairns Oasis Resort with its lagoon style pool and epic pool bar menu. Enjoy views of the Coral Sea and stay at Waters Edge Apartments Cairns on the Esplanade. Other accommodation options include the Mantra Trilogy and the Cairns Coconut Holiday Resort.
For a true Great Barrier Reef experience, jump on a boat, switch your watch to island time and holiday in impeccable style on Fitzroy Island or Green Island.
If you're coming to Cairns for a good time not a long time, there are a bunch of backpacker options to suit any budget. Check out Nomads Cairns or Cairns Central YHA for a central place to hit the sack and save your dollars for the more important experiences in the region.
Cairns Airport is the fifth busiest airport in Australia and an international gateway to the Great Barrier Reef. The Cairns Esplanade is just over 10 minutes from Cairns Airport and there are plenty of transportation options to get you from the airport to your hotel.
You can take the Airport Connect for $4 one way or $6 return which links Cairns Airport with the public transport network at the Sheridan Street bus stops. From here Translink offer services to Cairns City or Northern Beaches for a minimum of $2.20 for an adult single fare.
There are also a range of airport shuttle services, hire car options or ride share and taxi options if you prefer a more direct route into Cairns from the airport.
If you are coming to Cairns from Brisbane, the drive along the Pacific Coast Way from Brisbane to Cairns will take you approximately 19 hours. This drive links coastal and hinterlands towns as well as major cities all along the east coast and is a fantastic way to experience Queensland at your leisure. Hire cars are available from Brisbane Airport and you can plan the ultimate road trip with this Brisbane to Cairns Itinerary.


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I would like to know what kind of jobs/roles one could expect on their career path if they start as a developer.
I also want to know how many years you'll be expected to stay in the same role until you progress to the next level.
The career path is of course, based on how good you do your job, the company etc. but assume a normal person who balances life and family with career.
Some examples of roles that I have in may head: developer, senior developer, architect, project manager etc.