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Keeping an eye on milk fat production is important because milk fat is a valuable part of milk and is very responsive to herd management.Milk fat concentration is very variable from farm to farm and even between cows on the same farm.
Every producer has a different goal for milk fat and has a different definition of "low milk fat."
However, milk fat is a valuable part of what goes into the bulk tank and has a large impact on the efficiency of converting feed to milk, so maximizing milk fat is an important goal.
In the research lab, we normally define milk fat depression as milk fat production below the genetic potential of the cow.
There are important genetic differences between cows that explain some of the variation in milk fat, but do not explain sudden decreases.
Although it is much more difficult to calculate, it is very important to determine if milk fat yield has been reduced or if milk yield has simply increased. Research and on-farm observations clearly show a very large impact of nutrition on milk fat yield.
What causes milk fat depression?
High-producing dairy cows have a high energy requirement, so we commonly increase the fermentability (rumen digestibility) of diets by feeding high-starch grains and higher-quality forages or feed additional fat. However, it was recognized nearly 150 years ago that diets highly fermentable or containing unsaturated plant fat can reduce milk fat yield.
The diets associated with reduced milk fat cause many changes in the rumen environment (reduced pH), which results in a change in the microbial population because some rumen microorganisms cannot grow well under the new conditions, while others grow better.
There are many implications for the cow that were thought to cause reduced milk fat, including a change in the ratio of the two main volatile fatty acids produced during fermentation (acetate and propionate) and reduced fiber digestion.
For many years we thought the changes in volatile fatty acids resulted in low milk fat synthesis. However, the altered microbial population also results in a change in how the microbes modify unsaturated fat in the diet.
Under unstable rumen fermentation, microbes produce different fatty acids, some of which are potent inhibitors of milk fat synthesis in the cow. Research over the past dozen years has described how these bioactive fatty acids reduce milk fat.
The rumen is complicated
The good news is that we know what causes milk fat depression, but the bad news is that we cannot accurately predict when alternate rumen fermentation is going to occur. Numerous feed and management factors can destabilize fermentation and result in milk fat depression.
Major risk factors include diet fermentability (starch), forage particle size, unsaturated fat concentration, rumensin, slug feeding and numerous other factors. Almost all diets balanced for modern dairy cows include some risk factors. The extent and interaction of risk factors is very important and makes prediction of rumen fermentation difficult.
Importantly, stable rumen fermentation has many additional advantages including increased rumen protein synthesis, high fiber digestibility and improved cow health.
Recent research at Penn State
Dietary factors that cause milk fat depression have almost exclusively been studied through induction of milk fat depression. This is useful because it tells us what dietary factors cause milk fat depression, but it does not directly tell how to recover or accelerate recovery once you have milk fat depression.
We recently conducted a time course experiment to characterize the timing of induction and recovery of diet-induced milk fat depression. We induced milk fat depression by feeding a low-fiber and high-soybean oil diet and then recovered by feeding a higher-fiber and low-oil diet. We took milk samples every other day to observe the milk fat yield over time.
Milk fat yield decreased progressively when fed the low-fiber and high-oil diet and was significantly decreased after seven days. When switched to the recovery diet, milk fat yield progressively increased and was not different from control by day 11.
A key insight from the experiment is the expected lag between making diet adjustments and milk fat synthesis. Addition of a risk factor may cause milk fat depression in 7 to 10 days and elimination of a risk factor is expected to take 10 to 14 days to observe a benefit.
Knowing the time course is very important to identify what may have caused milk fat depression and knowing how long to wait to determine if a diet correction has been effective in improving milk fat.
The bottom line
Maintaining stable rumen fermentation is important to the efficiency and health of dairy cows, including optimal milk fat synthesis. Milk fat depression is caused by an inhibition of milk fat synthesis by specific fatty acids produced in the rumen during altered fermentation.
We have a clear understanding of the mechanism of milk fat depression and associated risk factors, but have a poor ability to predict when milk fat depression will occur because of unpredictable feeds and complex interactions that occur in the rumen.
A lag of 7 to 10 days is expected if a diet adjustment induces milk fat depression, and diet corrections will take 10 to 14 days to rescue milk fat synthesis. The question remains if we can accelerate recovery from milk fat depression. PD
Dr. Kevin Harvatine is assistant professor of nutritional physiology, and Daniel Rico is a Ph.D. candidate at Penn State Universityâs Department of Dairy and Animal Science .
References omitted due to spaceÂbut are available upon request to .
âExcerpts from Penn State Dairy Digest, April 21, 2011
PHOTO: For many years we thought the changes in volatile fatty acids resulted in low milk fat synthesis. However, the altered microbial population also results in a change in how the microbes modify unsaturated fat in the diet. Photo by PD staff.
Kevin Harvatine Ph.D.
- Assistant Professor of Nutritional Physiology
- Penn State University
- Email Kevin Harvatine Ph.D.


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Boiled eggs, fried eggs, scrambled eggs, poached eggs… there are so many ways to have eggs just by themselves. They are not only delicious but also a great source of protein, fats, nutrients, vitamins and minerals (and unlike dairy, they contain no lactose if you are allergic or intolerant). I have showed below how to cook basic eggs in 4 different ways, there are of course so many more ways to use eggs in other ways for breakfast. What's your favorite way of eating or cooking eggs?
Worth knowing about eggs before you set off
The reasons why some people using the same method, but getting different outcomes, are often due to the actual eggs and not the process (although you obviously need to master that too). For example, if a different size of egg is used the cooking time might be slightly different. All eggs I cook with below are large eggs (size 7 = approx 65 grams). If you cook with a smaller size you need to adapt (i.e. take off 30-60 seconds from the cooking time). I never store my eggs in the fridge as I always need them room temperature to cook and they are fine in my pantry (if you live in a really hot place you may want to do this but then just make sure you take them out 30 minutes before you need them so they are not to cold and therefore may crack). Fresh eggs are best for poaching – if the egg is old, it will spill out everywhere when poaching. Old eggs are best for hard-boiling as they peel easily (they deteriorate as they get older and the egg's attachment to the shell weakens), unlike fresh eggs – and so forth. Not every egg is equal 😉
Poached eggs
Fill a medium sized pot with three quarters of water (enough to cover an upright egg with at least an inch or two of water on top, otherwise it becomes flat/oval rather than round – but you may prefer it like that). Add a big splash (up to 100ml) of vinegar (this keeps the egg from spreading out – any vinegar can be used, just keep in mind that it may absorb a tiny little bit of the flavor). Heat the water to a gentle boil (keep it boiling throughout). When it's boiling, take it off the heat and make a whirlpool in the middle of the pot by stirring quickly in circular motions. Then crack an egg and release the contents in the middle (or if you want more control, crack it in a small bowl first, then slide it in). Put it back on the heat straight away.
Set a timer for exactly 3 minutes and 30 seconds and watch the timer like a hawk so that you can be at the pot when it goes off. If you are sitting in the couch or in another room, set it for 3 minutes. Before you get to the kitchen and get the egg out of the water you will have likely used 30 seconds.
Place the egg on a folded paper towel or a piece of bread for a couple of seconds to soak up the excess water. Serve straight away! (if you don't the egg will keep cooking and get cold). Or, if you want to prepare a larger amount of poached eggs for guests – pop them straight into icy water and store them in the water until guests arrive. Then heat back up your water to a light boil, lower in your eggs and heat for 30-60 seconds and they are ready!
Boiled eggs
I love my soft boiled eggs and I like them with very runny yolks but with all the egg white cooked though. All you have to do is fill a pot with enough water to completely cover the eggs and heat the water to a gentle boil. Take you pot off the heat for a moment and lower your eggs to the bottom slowly (count to 3!) so they don't crack but not too slowly if you need more eggs in, then it might affect the cooking time. Set a timer for 6 minutes (or 5 minutes 30 seconds if you are in another room waiting – they need to cook for 6 minutes exactly – faffing about may mean it cooks for too long.
As soon as the timer goes off transfer the eggs to icy water straight away (or keep cold water running over the eggs) to make sure the eggs don't keep cooking in their shell (a trick I learned from my mother). Keep them there for approx 30-60 seconds, dry and serve!
For a medium egg, add another 30- 60 seconds of cooking time. For hard-boiled eggs, cook for 8 minutes.
Fried eggs
Until recently, I was a bit rubbish at frying eggs, the bottom was too hard and chewy and the white on top wasn't cooked all the way through. My problem? The heat was too high! To cook a sunny side up egg – the heat needs to be low-medium to give the whites time to cook all the way though. First you add oil to a non-stick frying pan and then crack your egg(s) and cook until all the white are cooked through (touch the surface to see if it's slimy: not done yet, or if it sticks to your finger: ready). Serve straight away!
For over-easy, over-medium or over-hard eggs – flip the egg in one fluid motion by flipping the pan (non-stick important) or using a spatula and cook for a few seconds (easy), 20 seconds (medium) or 45 seconds (hard). You have to flip in one motion and reasonably fast or the yolk will break from the pull and gravity. If you cook it this way, the yolk will be runny and all the whites will cook all the way through but be soft and your teeth will go through like butter – no chewy bottoms here!
Scrambled eggs
Start by heating up a frying pan at low-medium heat. Crack your eggs in a small bowl (3 eggs per person is usually a good amount). Then whisk like your life depended on it! The secret of beautifully light and soft scrambled eggs is air (and cooking at low temperatures). Make sure you don't only go in circular motions, get in the middle and under the egg to get as much air as possible into it.
It should look like the picture below left when you are done. Then slide it on to the pre-heated pan. Wait for a little while until the egg start to set at the bottom.
Now use a spatula to push the egg from the sides into the middle whilst tipping the pan a bit so the runny parts go straight to the pan to cook.
Keep pushing the egg until all the egg has cooked but is still wobbly, light and a little bit mushy. If you overcook it, it will be hard and not as tasty (unless you like it that way). When you have your desired consistency, use the spatula to slide all the egg on top of your favorite bread or eat just by itself drizzled with a bit of salt and pepper. Enjoy!
If you would like to see more recipes like this you can always follow me here (via email, see top right on this page) or on Facebook.


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Emory Decatur Hospital, Emory Hillandale Hospital and Emory Long-Term Acute Care's rehab services in Atlanta provide comprehensive physical medicine and rehabilitation programs and services that optimize patient health, function and quality of life. Within supportive and dynamic care environments, the organization's expert rehabilitation team offers advanced treatments tailored to each patient's unique needs and goals. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs address the medical, physical, emotional and vocational challenges of individuals with a wide variety of conditions.
Our specialized and intensive rehab services in Georgia are designed to restore strength, improve physical function and promote independence in activities of daily living. Our rehabilitation teams are trained and certified in a variety of areas, including lymphedema therapy, hand therapy, occupational rehabilitation, manual therapy, vestibular rehabilitation and more.
Our Atlanta-area rehabilitation programs are provided by licensed occupational/physical therapists or assistants, speech therapists and audiologists in both the inpatient hospital (Acute and Long-Term Acute Care, known as LTAC) settings, as well as our outpatient settings at Emory Hillandale Hospital and Emory Decatur Hospital. Our rehab services team will help you return to your daily activities after you have experienced a stroke, on-the-job injuries, trauma or illnesses. We offer one of the most comprehensive rehabilitation programs in Georgia, including many specialty services.


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Department, Institute
- Object recognition (1) (remove)
On Recognizing Transparent Objects in Domestic Environments Using Fusion of Multiple Sensor Modalities (2017)
Current object recognition methods fail on object sets that include both diffuse, reflective and transparent materials, although they are very common in domestic scenarios. We show that a combination of cues from multiple sensor modalities, including specular reflectance and unavailable depth information, allows us to capture a larger subset of household objects by extending a state of the art object recognition method. This leads to a significant increase in robustness of recognition over a larger set of commonly used objects.


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Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Lemon Poppy Seed Muffins
slightly adapted from Brown Eyed Baker, which she adapted from
Dori Greenspan
Makes 12 muffins
2/3 cup granulated sugar
grated zest of 1 lemon
juice of 1 lemon- I used 2 tablespoons and wouldn't use less
2 cups all purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
1/4 teaspoon baking soda
1/4 teaspoon salt
3/4 cup sour cream
2 large eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla
1/2 cup unsalted butter, melted and cooled
1 1/2 tablespoons poppy seeds
1. Place a rack in center of oven, and preheat the oven to 400 degrees F. Spray a regular sized muffin pan with baking spray, or line with paper liners.
2. In a large bowl add the sugar and the lemon zest and rub it together with your fingers until the sugar is moist and the lemon fragrance is strong. Mix in the flour, poppy seeds, baking powder, soda, and salt. In another bowl, whisk together the sour cream, eggs, vanilla, lemon juice and the melted butter until blended. Pour the liquid ingredients in with the dry ingredients and mix together just until blended. Don't over mix! That will cause a tough crumb. Divide the batter among the 12 muffin cups.
3. Bake in preheated oven for 18-20 minutes. Tops will be golden and tooth pick inserted will come out clean. Remove from oven and cool for 5 minutes. Carefully remove each muffin from pan.
4. There was not a recipe for the glaze given, so I mixed together 1 cup powdered sugar with enough fresh lemon juice to make a glaze. Drizzle glaze over the muffins. Enjoy!
Store muffins in airtight container.
10 comments:
I love these muffins! We have company coming and these would be great for breakfast. Thanks for a great recipe.ReplyDelete
I recently glazed a banana bread, and it did make all the difference!ReplyDelete
nothing pairs with the poppy quite like lemon, and i love the glaze!ReplyDelete
oh my goodness, so these look good, I know I wouldn't be able to eat just one! anneReplyDelete
I love Dorie's lemon poppy-seed recipe! I think it's the best one I've ever eaten.ReplyDelete
Those are lovely muffins, Lynda, and would make anyone sitting down to breakfast or brunch smile. And they're pretty as a picture too. The glaze is perfect...I use that same glaze on my lemon coconut bars.ReplyDelete
A glaze never hurt anything!!!! Love lemon and poppyseed...they look delicious!ReplyDelete
These look SO yummy! And I love the dripping glaze....mmmmmmm.ReplyDelete
These look delicious and I love the glaze.ReplyDelete
These look wonderful! I have never made anything with poppy seed. shame shame!ReplyDelete


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Math Proves That Obama Will Have a Major Scandal Soon
Whether he knows it or not, President Obama is about to fuck something up miserably and drown his administration in years of investigations. There is no avoiding it; it will happen, perhaps even by the close of Memorial Day weekend. Why are we so sure? Because a little thing called "math" told us.
Political scientist Brendan Nyhan has released a new study, "Where Are the Obama Scandals?", that asks why "the current administration has not yet suffered a major scandal, which I define as a widespread elite perception of wrongdoing." Really? "Not yet suffered a major scandal"? Perhaps Brendan Nyhan was on vacation when Barack Obama ordered dijon mustard for his hamburger or personally demanded the removal of an American flag from Ground Zero, so we'll forgive him for the shaky premise.
Assuming we go along with Nyhan's criteria, though, math almost guarantees something terrible happening soon:
Obama has been extremely fortunate: My research on presidential scandals shows that few presidents avoid scandal for as long as he has. In the 1977-2008 period, the longest that a president has gone without having a scandal featured in a front-page Washington Post article is 34 months – the period between when President Bush took office in January 2001 and the Valerie Plame scandal in October 2003. Obama has already made it almost as long despite the lack of a comparable event to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Why?
Probably because he hasn't had the time to coordinate a major scandal yet. Or maybe he's just not as shady as other presidents? These explanations wrongly assume that a president's behavior and agency actually have anything to do with the emergence of a "major scandal." What the president does is largely unimportant:
Obama should be highly vulnerable to scandal given his standing with Republicans. My research identifies presidential approval among opposition party identifiers as a key risk factor. The reason is that discontent among the opposition's base creates demand for negative news about the president, encouraging opposition legislators and members of the news media to promote allegations of misconduct.
In sum: "Political news" is a 100% fictional construct, and math will force an intern to give the president an Oval Office blowjob.
[Image via Getty]


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International Data
Dear Users!
The EU-INFO Statistical Service was relaunched since 1 October 2011. More detailed information on the operation of the service, the offered methods of user requests is available under heading EU-INFO Statistical Service.
To assess the role, weight and position of Hungary in the world as well as in the European Union it is essential to know comparable and reliable data on other countries. We offer the following on our international data site:
- annual and infra-annual tables for the most important statistics, mainly for European countores, the United States and Japan, as well as for other countries important in a certain topic;
- Interactive charts and maps for major indicators, partly in regional breakdown;
- letölthető tematikus elemzések;
- methodological resources facilitating correct interpretation of data; ;
- direct links to Eurostat databasesand further data resources.


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Ever since I wrote the "I return to blogger post", it seems like the starting credits of my sequel are still running... And it took me quite some time to realize this!! :)
But hey whatever, there's no better excuse to start afresh than a brand new year. So whats the big deal about new years' anyways? Why is it so hyped all over the world, and maybe in some distant planet(or 'pandora') we dont yet know about !! Yes its like a fancy date I agree... 01/01 followed by a pair of new numbers. But apart from the fact that the 12 pages of the gud ol' Roman calendar get exhausted on this day, I dont see anything worth harping about.
Lets rewind a bit, and try to figure out what made Dec 31 the last day of the year, and what made January cheekily follow it. From what I remember of my history lessons at school, seems like a few Roman emperors had some personal rivalry with a month called February. So Julius Caesar removed one day from it and added to July, while Augustus removed another and added it to August. Poor ol' February thus has to do with 2 days less for 3 years until it leaps to party with a bonus day the fourth year. And july and august stupidly broke the harmonic alternate 30, 31 day series just for pride and glory. Doesnt it make one wonder, then, why January! Lemme explain... Jesus Christ, born on 25th was 'circumcised' on the 8th day ie. Jan 1. And how could such a big event go without celebrations... so they called it the beginning of the New Year and "feast of circumcision" (Why anyone would wanna celebrate such a thing is beyond me... and yet we all do now!!). The romans apparently celebrated their new year in March, when Julius Caesar thought of doing something new in his free time when he'd gotten bored of all the dames and announced "Fuck you all, from now we will celebrate New Years' on January 1. And the calendar will be called 'Julian' calendar". Romans had no option but to oblige...
Traditionally, it was thought that one could affect the luck they would have throughout the coming year by what they did or ate on the first day of the year. So why do we celebrate it these days drinking like a fish into the wee hours of the morning? (Scratching head... oops...2 hair strands come out :( .. ). Another theory that makes me laugh is - "It was once believed that the first visitor on New Year's Day would bring either good luck or bad luck the rest of the year. It was particularly lucky if that visitor happened to be a tall dark-haired man." Talk of a patriarchal society and gender bias. Wouldnt it be so much better if the first one to visit you on a new year's day were a tall, fair, wavy-haired, light eyed, pouty lipped, busty brunette??!! And i'm sure this would work even for the girls out there :P
Another thing that tickles me is the concept of resolutions. Why would we want to chose one day as the day when we decide what we're especially NOT gonna do the whole year? Talk of showing the middle finger to a mirror? My new year reso is to think about a good reso for the next year. Whats yours? :P
Anyway on a more personal front, I dont remember doing anything special on new years'... something that'll bring me luck or whatever. I mean i was so stoned that I couldve been easily grinding with some random babe who couldve been equally drunk and fantasizing about another babe. Does this qualify as something that'll bring me luck?!! Or does that mean this is what i'll be doing most part of the year? Well well... now we're talking :)
After all that hype about Twenty 20's though, I'm glad that Twenty-10 is here for a change !!
Twenty Ten is here...
Posted by Aupsy-The cOOlest One!! at 12:22 AM 3 comments
Labels: history of jan 1, Miscellaneous, new year
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News flash: Halsey is not dating John Mayer, contrary to what you've read online.
Despite romance rumors that speculated the songbird was flirting with Mayer on Instagram earlier this week, the "Without Me" singer took to Twitter to set the record straight on the status of her "relationship" with the "Your Body Is A Wonderland" musician.
"I just had a ground breaking idea. What if...we let female artists...have friends...without assuming that they are sleeping together?" she tweeted on Thursday (November 7), adding, "I know I know. It's like, completely ambitious but like, imagine if we like, tried ?"
Halsey's enlightening PSA comes a few days after sharing a snippet from a FaceTime session she had with the 41-year-old to her Instagram Stories. "7am carpool karaoke with John Mayer," she captioned the clip at the time.
They became even friendlier on the platform by liking and commenting on each other's photos. "It's saying that my billing address doesn't match with the one of my credit card? I've never had this problem before. Can you text me? Thanks," Mayer wrote under a photo of her YSL lipstick ad.
Despite the fact, the gossip did arrive at a peculiar time: Halsey only called it quits with G-Eazy (for the second time) a few weeks ago. Yet this isn't the first time the 24-year-old has had to slam relationship/rebounding reports.
It was also alleged she had moved on with Machine Gun Kelly days after her initial breakup with G-Eazy in July. "Halsey and Machine Gun Kelly are just friends. She definitely isn't rebounding with him," an insider confirmed to Us Weekly at the time. "They have known each other for a long time and share a ton of mutual friends."
Photo: Getty Images


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Webmount Solution is a large team of highly experienced professionals. we provide complete Web solutions below one roof like Website Design & Development, Digital Marketing, Search Engine Optimization, Social Media Marketing, Google Adwords, Email Marketing, Youtube Marketing, etc.
- Time to make a global recognition!
- Name it and we will target the country
- Promoting as per your preferences and specifications
- Packages under your budget


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Here are cleaning recommendations for various Sonicare toothbrushes and brush heads.
For DiamondClean, FlexCare Platinum, FlexCare+, FlexCare, Healthy White, PowerUp and Sonicare for Kids products, clean the toothbrush handle as follows:
1. Remove the brush head and rinse the metal shaft area with warm water.
2. Do not push on the rubber seal on the metal shaft with sharp objects, as this may cause damage.
3. Use a damp cloth to wipe the entire surface of the handle.
4. Allow to air-dry.
Note: If you have a DiamondClean toothbrush, you may notice that toothpaste residue and water spots are easy to see when they build up on the shiny portion at bottom of the handle. To remove this residue in a way that does not damage important product information on the bottom of the handle, follow these instructions:
1. Dampen a soft cloth with lukewarm water and gently wipe residue from the bottom of the handle.
2. Do not rub with abrasive cleaners or cleaning aids such as abrasive pads or brushes. Do not use your fingernails or any other tools. Use of these products may remove important product information from the handle.
3. Allow handle to air-dry.
To clean brush heads, follow these instructions:
1. Rinse the brush head and bristles after each use.
2. Remove the brush head from the handle and rinse the brush head connection at least once a week with warm water and allow to air-dry.
Note: Never clean the brush heads or the handles in the dishwasher.
For E-Series Elite, Essence, CleanCare and Xtreme products:
1. Rinse the brush head and bristles after each use. Let the brush head air-dry.
2. Clean the brush head at least once a week, including under the plastic nut.
3. Gently press on the rubber seal to remove the nut.
4. Do not use sharp objects to press on the seal, as this may cause damage.
5. To re-attach the nut, slip the nut over the brush head shaft and pull it down until it snaps home.
6. Clean the handle periodically with mild soap and a moist cloth and allow to air-dry.
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|Conveniently located near Pattaya's main beach, the stylish Siam@Siam
Design Hotel Pattaya boasts easy access to major tourist attractions,
shopping venues and a variety of restaurant sand bars.
|Claim your sanctuary. An
avant-garde mix of three room types, across four different colour themes
of design. Industrial strength in orange, urban life in green. Explore
the blues of the underwater world and the yellows of the brilliant sun.
Find your space. Excite your senses with a palette of dynamic shades
and fearless splashes of colour. Surprising details at every step. Unexpected
Leisure Class191 rooms | located on floors 7-21 | 1 Double Bed or 2 Single Beds
Experience superior comfort amidst dynamic design. Lofty ceilings and oversized windows. Striking views of beautiful Pattaya. All your technology needs taken care of with a 42 inch plasma TV, IPTV, a media hub for entertainment, and high speed Internet.
Biz Class Room49 rooms | located on floors 7-22 | 1 Double Bed or 2 Single Beds
Larger in size, Biz rooms offer an airy space with a sofa/daybed for relaxing during the day or night. These rooms feature large bathrooms with a soaking tub, along with partial or full sea view. And enjoy My Club benefits.
Extra My Club benefits for Biz Class Room
|The Big Fish
Fearless works of art adorn a two-story floor-to-ceiling space. An idiosyncratic blend of industrial design with immersive oceanic colours. Take refuge in a surreal sanctuary for large marine life: jellyfish lamps, a fish tail bar, the focal point an oversized big fish. Savour all-day seafood cuisine from Thailand and beyond. Late night quick bites prepared a la minute by our expert chef, with an extensive drinks list to match. Plunge headfirst into fantastic underwater depths.
Open 24/7, all day dining
|Car Bar
Raw meets refined, street meets chic. Snacks, light bites and drinks, inspired by Thailand's iconic street food, prepared with a gastronomic twist. Generous cocktail buckets for free and easy evenings. Playful motor elements abound from the rustic campsite themed outdoor area, complete with car seats, to the, suspended light fixture that doubles as a flying car. The sounds of indie electro set the mood. Relax in your very own industrial back garden.
Open daily from 07.00 - 2.00 hours
|The Roof Sky Bar & Restaurant
24 Floor
Located on the 24th Floor, along with The Roof Wet Edition, The Roof Restaurant features a stunning view of Pattaya City. The outlet offers both private gazebo dining and individual tables suited for those who prefer being in the midst of it all. Moroccan lamps provide low lighting for a guaranteed romantic evening. The Roof Restaurant offers international gastronomic cuisine available both a la carte and via set menus. With quarterly menu rotation, guests are treated to a flavourful seasonal selection suited to the weather and the stunning view. The restaurant also helps support the local economy by using locally sourced products in combination with imported produce for a fine dining experience.
Open daily from 07:00-24:00 hours
|The Roof Sky Bar & Restaurant 25 Floor
Open air movies with picnic-style nibbles on The Roof Mixology's upper deck. A laid-back and relaxed vibe. Enduring black and white flicks to independent features, foreign films to Oscar-winning classics. Bossa nova sounds between showings. Select a Thai or French themed picnic basket to complement our mixologist's concoctions.
Open daily from 07:00-24:00 hours
|Meeting Room
Interior inspired by The ocean theme extends to the Function Rooms the highest meeting space in Pattaya. Designed to recreate an underwater cave, smooth lines and playful textures take their cues from coral reefs and fish fins, while a dominant palette of ocean blue enables a calming environment for brainstorming and creative thought.
|Swimming Pool
|Swimming Pool
|Relax corner on the rooftop
|Fitness Room
|Siam@Siam Pattaya is an easy 1.5 hour drive from Suvarnabhumi International
Airport via one of Thailand's newest highways. A number of transfer
options are available, including private car, taxi or air-conditioned


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VZ ONLINE GAMES - Spiele für Unterwegs
Crossy Path
Crossy Path is a tricky and highly addictive brain teaser game that requires visual thinking and quick decision making. The player has to reach the exit point of a puzzle while navigating through what can only be described as Escheresque levels. The geometric figures in this game might not be able to exist in reality but they will for sure make you feel like your brain is melting for real. Are your quick enough to find your way through the levels? Can you think quick under pressure? Play Crossy Path now for free and step into the realm of imagination! You will find tons of fun and fascinating geometric puzzles!
Skill, Puzzle Games
Berry Bug
Bob the adorable bug dreamed of delicious strawberries day in, day out! Help him to solve his way through the level by collecting as much strawberries as you can! Unlock the endless mode and beat up the highscore!
Puzzle Games
Blue Box 2
Connect two blue blocks together to move to the next level! Remove other objects by clicking them, but dont drop the top blue block on the ground!
Puzzle Games
Train Tycoon
Command your own train empire! Solve tricky puzzles and make sure that your train can get to the goal without any crashes!
Strategy Games
Fruity Annie
Fruits are blocked by branches. Use tools to help Annie collect fresh fruits! Total of 25 levels and 7 tools, all tools can be placed wherever you want! Just use your imagination to pass different levels!
Games for Girls
Get Those Sheep
As a shepherd, you need to take care of all the sheep! Bring them back to the farm in a numerical order, and as fast as possible!
Puzzle Games
Shoot the Stars
Tricky logic game for your mobile phone! Try to hit all stars using trampolins and walls in your near! Find the best way to hit them and try to clear all level!
Tune your brains! Solve exciting puzzles and compete for the best score. 4 puzzle types are waiting for you, try to score in each!
Skill, Puzzle Games
Mango Mania
Mango Mania is an platform adventure that is about collecting the tasty fruits and solving puzzles. You control an imp that has an insatiable appetite for mangos. In every level you have to pick up three of those fruits and the diamond that opens the gate to the next level. You cannot directly control the direction of the imp's movement. What you can though is make it jump. If you jump against a wall the imp will reverse. On your way you will have to avoid traps and you will have to make clever use of platforms that can be used for a few seconds only before they start to crumble. Play Mango Mania now for free and enjoy an epic platform adventure!
Puzzle Games


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Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part II.
The eloquence of Plato, the name of Solomon, the authority of the school of Alexandria, and the consent of the Jews and Greeks, were insufficient to establish the truth of a mysterious doctrine, which might please, but could not satisfy, a rational mind. A prophet, or apostle, inspired by the Deity, can alone exercise a lawful dominion over the faith of mankind: and the theology of Plato might have been forever confounded with the philosophical visions of the Academy, the Porch, and the Lycaeum, if the name and divine attributes of the Logos had not been confirmed by the celestial pen of the last and most sublime of the Evangelists.24642464 The Platonists admired the beginning of the Gospel of St. John as containing an exact transcript of their own principles. Augustin de Civitat. Dei, x. 29. Amelius apud Cyril. advers. Julian. l. viii. p. 283. But in the third and fourth centuries, the Platonists of Alexandria might improve their Trinity by the secret study of the Christian theology. Note: A short discussion on the sense in which St. John has used the word Logos, will prove that he has not borrowed it from the philosophy of Plato. The evangelist adopts this word without previous explanation, as a term with which his contemporaries were already familiar, and which they could at once comprehend. To know the sense which he gave to it, we must inquire that which it generally bore in his time. We find two: the one attached to the word logos by the Jews of Palestine, the other by the school of Alexandria, particularly by Philo. The Jews had feared at all times to pronounce the name of Jehovah; they had formed a habit of designating God by one of his attributes; they called him sometimes Wisdom, sometimes the Word. By the word of the Lord were the heavens made. (Psalm xxxiii. 6.) Accustomed to allegories, they often addressed themselves to this attribute of the Deity as a real being. Solomon makes Wisdom say "The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was." (Prov. viii. 22, 23.) Their residence in Persia only increased this inclination to sustained allegories. In the Ecclesiasticus of the son of Sirach, and the Book of Wisdom, we find allegorical descriptions of Wisdom like the following: "I came out of the mouth of the Most High; I covered the earth as a cloud;... I alone compassed the circuit of heaven, and walked in the bottom of the deep... The Creator created me from the beginning, before the world, and I shall never fail." (Eccles. xxiv. 35- 39.) See also the Wisdom of Solomon, c. vii. v. 9. [The latter book is clearly Alexandrian.—M.] We see from this that the Jews understood from the Hebrew and Chaldaic words which signify Wisdom, the Word, and which were translated into Greek, a simple attribute of the Deity, allegorically personified, but of which they did not make a real particular being separate from the Deity. The school of Alexandria, on the contrary, and Philo among the rest, mingling Greek with Jewish and Oriental notions, and abandoning himself to his inclination to mysticism, personified the logos, and represented it a distinct being, created by God, and intermediate between God and man. This is the second logos of Philo, that which acts from the beginning of the world, alone in its kind, creator of the sensible world, formed by God according to the ideal world which he had in himself, and which was the first logos, the first- born of the Deity. The logos taken in this sense, then, was a created being, but, anterior to the creation of the world, near to God, and charged with his revelations to mankind.——Which of these two senses is that which St. John intended to assign to the word logos in the first chapter of his Gospel, and in all his writings? St. John was a Jew, born and educated in Palestine; he had no knowledge, at least very little, of the philosophy of the Greeks, and that of the Grecizing Jews: he would naturally, then, attach to the word logos the sense attached to it by the Jews of Palestine. If, in fact, we compare the attributes which he assigns to the logos with those which are assigned to it in Proverbs, in the Wisdom of Solomon, in Ecclesiasticus, we shall see that they are the same. The Word was in the world, and the world was made by him; in him was life, and the life was the light of men, (c. i. v. 10-14.) It is impossible not to trace in this chapter the ideas which the Jews had formed of the allegorized logos. The evangelist afterwards really personifies that which his predecessors have personified only poetically; for he affirms "that the Word became flesh," (v. 14.) It was to prove this that he wrote. Closely examined, the ideas which he gives of the logos cannot agree with those of Philo and the school of Alexandria; they correspond, on the contrary, with those of the Jews of Palestine. Perhaps St. John, employing a well-known term to explain a doctrine which was yet unknown, has slightly altered the sense; it is this alteration which we appear to discover on comparing different passages of his writings.——It is worthy of remark, that the Jews of Palestine, who did not perceive this alteration, could find nothing extraordinary in what St. John said of the Logos; at least they comprehended it without difficulty, while the Greeks and Grecizing Jews, on their part, brought to it prejudices and preconceptions easily reconciled with those of the evangelist, who did not expressly contradict them. This circumstance must have much favored the progress of Christianity. Thus the fathers of the church in the two first centuries and later, formed almost all in the school of Alexandria, gave to the Logos of St. John a sense nearly similar to that which it received from Philo. Their doctrine approached very near to that which in the fourth century the council of Nice condemned in the person of Arius.—G.——M. Guizot has forgotten the long residence of St. John at Ephesus, the centre of the mingling opinions of the East and West, which were gradually growing up into Gnosticism. (See Matter. Hist. du Gnosticisme, vol. i. p. 154.) St. John's sense of the Logos seems as far removed from the simple allegory ascribed to the Palestinian Jews as from the Oriental impersonation of the Alexandrian. The simple truth may be that St. John took the familiar term, and, as it were infused into it the peculiar and Christian sense in which it is used in his writings. —M. The Christian Revelation, which was consummated under the reign of Nerva, disclosed to the world the amazing secret, that the Logos, who was with God from the beginning, and was God, who had made all things, and for whom all things had been made, was incarnate in the person of Jesus of Nazareth; who had been born of a virgin, and suffered death on the cross. Besides the genera design of fixing on a perpetual basis the divine honors of Christ, the most ancient and respectable of the ecclesiastical writers have ascribed to the evangelic theologian a particular intention to confute two opposite heresies, which disturbed the peace of the primitive church.24652465 See Beausobre, Hist. Critique du Manicheisme, tom. i. p. 377. The Gospel according to St. John is supposed to have been published about seventy years after the death of Christ. I. The faith of the Ebionites, 24662466 The sentiments of the Ebionites are fairly stated by Mosheim (p. 331) and Le Clerc, (Hist. Eccles. p. 535.) The Clementines, published among the apostolical fathers, are attributed by the critics to one of these sectaries. perhaps of the Nazarenes,24672467 Stanch polemics, like a Bull, (Judicium Eccles. Cathol. c. 2,) insist on the orthodoxy of the Nazarenes; which appears less pure and certain in the eyes of Mosheim, (p. 330.) was gross and imperfect. They revered Jesus as the greatest of the prophets, endowed with supernatural virtue and power. They ascribed to his person and to his future reign all the predictions of the Hebrew oracles which relate to the spiritual and everlasting kingdom of the promised Messiah.24682468 The humble condition and sufferings of Jesus have always been a stumbling-block to the Jews. "Deus... contrariis coloribus Messiam depinxerat: futurus erat Rex, Judex, Pastor," &c. See Limborch et Orobio Amica Collat. p. 8, 19, 53-76, 192-234. But this objection has obliged the believing Christians to lift up their eyes to a spiritual and everlasting kingdom. Some of them might confess that he was born of a virgin; but they obstinately rejected the preceding existence and divine perfections of the Logos, or Son of God, which are so clearly defined in the Gospel of St. John. About fifty years afterwards, the Ebionites, whose errors are mentioned by Justin Martyr with less severity than they seem to deserve,24692469 Justin Martyr, Dialog. cum Tryphonte, p. 143, 144. See Le Clerc, Hist. Eccles. p. 615. Bull and his editor Grabe (Judicium Eccles. Cathol. c. 7, and Appendix) attempt to distort either the sentiments or the words of Justin; but their violent correction of the text is rejected even by the Benedictine editors. formed a very inconsiderable portion of the Christian name. II. The Gnostics, who were distinguished by the epithet of Docetes, deviated into the contrary extreme; and betrayed the human, while they asserted the divine, nature of Christ. Educated in the school of Plato, accustomed to the sublime idea of the Logos, they readily conceived that the brightest Aeon, or Emanation of the Deity, might assume the outward shape and visible appearances of a mortal;24702470 The Arians reproached the orthodox party with borrowing their Trinity from the Valentinians and Marcionites. See Beausobre, Hist. de Manicheisme, l. iii. c. 5, 7. but they vainly pretended, that the imperfections of matter are incompatible with the purity of a celestial substance.
While the blood of Christ yet smoked on Mount Calvary, the Docetes invented the impious and extravagant hypothesis, that, instead of issuing from the womb of the Virgin,24712471 Non dignum est ex utero credere Deum, et Deum Christum.... non dignum est ut tanta majestas per sordes et squalores muli eris transire credatur. The Gnostics asserted the impurity of matter, and of marriage; and they were scandalized by the gross interpretations of the fathers, and even of Augustin himself. See Beausobre, tom. ii. p. 523, * Note: The greater part of the Docetae rejected the true divinity of Jesus Christ, as well as his human nature. They belonged to the Gnostics, whom some philosophers, in whose party Gibbon has enlisted, make to derive their opinions from those of Plato. These philosophers did not consider that Platonism had undergone continual alterations, and that those who gave it some analogy with the notions of the Gnostics were later in their origin than most of the sects comprehended under this name Mosheim has proved (in his Instit. Histor. Eccles. Major. s. i. p. 136, sqq and p. 339, sqq.) that the Oriental philosophy, combined with the cabalistical philosophy of the Jews, had given birth to Gnosticism. The relations which exist between this doctrine and the records which remain to us of that of the Orientals, the Chaldean and Persian, have been the source of the errors of the Gnostic Christians, who wished to reconcile their ancient notions with their new belief. It is on this account that, denying the human nature of Christ, they also denied his intimate union with God, and took him for one of the substances (aeons) created by God. As they believed in the eternity of matter, and considered it to be the principle of evil, in opposition to the Deity, the first cause and principle of good, they were unwilling to admit that one of the pure substances, one of the aeons which came forth from God, had, by partaking in the material nature, allied himself to the principle of evil; and this was their motive for rejecting the real humanity of Jesus Christ. See Ch. G. F. Walch, Hist. of Heresies in Germ. t. i. p. 217, sqq. Brucker, Hist. Crit. Phil. ii. p 639.—G. he had descended on the banks of the Jordan in the form of perfect manhood; that he had imposed on the senses of his enemies, and of his disciples; and that the ministers of Pilate had wasted their impotent rage on an ury phantom, who seemed to expire on the cross, and, after three days, to rise from the dead.24722472 Apostolis adhuc in saeculo superstitibus apud Judaeam Christi sanguine recente, et phanlasma corpus Domini asserebatur. Cotelerius thinks (Patres Apostol. tom. ii. p. 24) that those who will not allow the Docetes to have arisen in the time of the Apostles, may with equal reason deny that the sun shines at noonday. These Docetes, who formed the most considerable party among the Gnostics, were so called, because they granted only a seeming body to Christ. * Note: The name of Docetae was given to these sectaries only in the course of the second century: this name did not designate a sect, properly so called; it applied to all the sects who taught the non- reality of the material body of Christ; of this number were the Valentinians, the Basilidians, the Ophites, the Marcionites, (against whom Tertullian wrote his book, De Carne Christi,) and other Gnostics. In truth, Clement of Alexandria (l. iii. Strom. c. 13, p. 552) makes express mention of a sect of Docetae, and even names as one of its heads a certain Cassianus; but every thing leads us to believe that it was not a distinct sect. Philastrius (de Haeres, c. 31) reproaches Saturninus with being a Docete. Irenaeus (adv. Haer. c. 23) makes the same reproach against Basilides. Epiphanius and Philastrius, who have treated in detail on each particular heresy, do not specially name that of the Docetae. Serapion, bishop of Antioch, (Euseb. Hist. Eccles. l. vi. c. 12,) and Clement of Alexandria, (l. vii. Strom. p. 900,) appear to be the first who have used the generic name. It is not found in any earlier record, though the error which it points out existed even in the time of the Apostles. See Ch. G. F. Walch, Hist. of Her. v. i. p. 283. Tillemont, Mempour servir a la Hist Eccles. ii. p. 50. Buddaeus de Eccles. Apost. c. 5 & 7—G.
The divine sanction, which the Apostle had bestowed on the fundamental principle of the theology of Plato, encouraged the learned proselytes of the second and third centuries to admire and study the writings of the Athenian sage, who had thus marvellously anticipated one of the most surprising discoveries of the Christian revelation. The respectable name of Plato was used by the orthodox,24732473 Some proofs of the respect which the Christians entertained for the person and doctrine of Plato may be found in De la Mothe le Vayer, tom. v. p. 135, &c., edit. 1757; and Basnage, Hist. des Juifs tom. iv. p. 29, 79, &c. and abused by the heretics,24742474 Doleo bona fide, Platonem omnium heraeticorum condimentarium factum. Tertullian. de Anima, c. 23. Petavius (Dogm. Theolog. tom. iii. proleg. 2) shows that this was a general complaint. Beausobre (tom. i. l. iii. c. 9, 10) has deduced the Gnostic errors from Platonic principles; and as, in the school of Alexandria, those principles were blended with the Oriental philosophy, (Brucker, tom. i. p. 1356,) the sentiment of Beausobre may be reconciled with the opinion of Mosheim, (General History of the Church, vol. i. p. 37.) as the common support of truth and error: the authority of his skilful commentators, and the science of dialectics, were employed to justify the remote consequences of his opinions and to supply the discreet silence of the inspired writers. The same subtle and profound questions concerning the nature, the generation, the distinction, and the equality of the three divine persons of the mysterious Triad, or Trinity,24752475 If Theophilus, bishop of Antioch, (see Dupin, Bibliotheque Ecclesiastique, tom. i. p. 66,) was the first who employed the word Triad, Trinity, that abstract term, which was already familiar to the schools of philosophy, must have been introduced into the theology of the Christians after the middle of the second century. were agitated in the philosophical and in the Christian schools of Alexandria. An eager spirit of curiosity urged them to explore the secrets of the abyss; and the pride of the professors, and of their disciples, was satisfied with the sciences of words. But the most sagacious of the Christian theologians, the great Athanasius himself, has candidly confessed,24762476 Athanasius, tom. i. p. 808. His expressions have an uncommon energy; and as he was writing to monks, there could not be any occasion for him to affect a rational language. that whenever he forced his understanding to meditate on the divinity of the Logos, his toilsome and unavailing efforts recoiled on themselves; that the more he thought, the less he comprehended; and the more he wrote, the less capable was he of expressing his thoughts. In every step of the inquiry, we are compelled to feel and acknowledge the immeasurable disproportion between the size of the object and the capacity of the human mind. We may strive to abstract the notions of time, of space, and of matter, which so closely adhere to all the perceptions of our experimental knowledge. But as soon as we presume to reason of infinite substance, of spiritual generation; as often as we deduce any positive conclusions from a negative idea, we are involved in darkness, perplexity, and inevitable contradiction. As these difficulties arise from the nature of the subject, they oppress, with the same insuperable weight, the philosophic and the theological disputant; but we may observe two essential and peculiar circumstances, which discriminated the doctrines of the Catholic church from the opinions of the Platonic school.
I. A chosen society of philosophers, men of a liberal education and curious disposition, might silently meditate, and temperately discuss in the gardens of Athens or the library of Alexandria, the abstruse questions of metaphysical science. The lofty speculations, which neither convinced the understanding, nor agitated the passions, of the Platonists themselves, were carelessly overlooked by the idle, the busy, and even the studious part of mankind.24772477 In a treatise, which professed to explain the opinions of the ancient philosophers concerning the nature of the gods we might expect to discover the theological Trinity of Plato. But Cicero very honestly confessed, that although he had translated the Timaeus, he could never understand that mysterious dialogue. See Hieronym. praef. ad l. xii. in Isaiam, tom. v. p. 154. But after the Logos had been revealed as the sacred object of the faith, the hope, and the religious worship of the Christians, the mysterious system was embraced by a numerous and increasing multitude in every province of the Roman world. Those persons who, from their age, or sex, or occupations, were the least qualified to judge, who were the least exercised in the habits of abstract reasoning, aspired to contemplate the economy of the Divine Nature: and it is the boast of Tertullian,24782478 Tertullian. in Apolog. c. 46. See Bayle, Dictionnaire, au mot Simonide. His remarks on the presumption of Tertullian are profound and interesting. that a Christian mechanic could readily answer such questions as had perplexed the wisest of the Grecian sages. Where the subject lies so far beyond our reach, the difference between the highest and the lowest of human understandings may indeed be calculated as infinitely small; yet the degree of weakness may perhaps be measured by the degree of obstinacy and dogmatic confidence. These speculations, instead of being treated as the amusement of a vacant hour, became the most serious business of the present, and the most useful preparation for a future, life. A theology, which it was incumbent to believe, which it was impious to doubt, and which it might be dangerous, and even fatal, to mistake, became the familiar topic of private meditation and popular discourse. The cold indifference of philosophy was inflamed by the fervent spirit of devotion; and even the metaphors of common language suggested the fallacious prejudices of sense and experience. The Christians, who abhorred the gross and impure generation of the Greek mythology,24792479 Lactantius, iv. 8. Yet the Probole, or Prolatio, which the most orthodox divines borrowed without scruple from the Valentinians, and illustrated by the comparisons of a fountain and stream, the sun and its rays, &c., either meant nothing, or favored a material idea of the divine generation. See Beausobre, tom. i. l. iii. c. 7, p. 548. were tempted to argue from the familiar analogy of the filial and paternal relations. The character of Son seemed to imply a perpetual subordination to the voluntary author of his existence;24802480 Many of the primitive writers have frankly confessed, that the Son owed his being to the will of the Father.——See Clarke's Scripture Trinity, p. 280-287. On the other hand, Athanasius and his followers seem unwilling to grant what they are afraid to deny. The schoolmen extricate themselves from this difficulty by the distinction of a preceding and a concomitant will. Petav. Dogm. Theolog. tom. ii. l. vi. c. 8, p. 587-603. but as the act of generation, in the most spiritual and abstracted sense, must be supposed to transmit the properties of a common nature,24812481 See Petav. Dogm. Theolog. tom. ii. l. ii. c. 10, p. 159. they durst not presume to circumscribe the powers or the duration of the Son of an eternal and omnipotent Father. Fourscore years after the death of Christ, the Christians of Bithynia, declared before the tribunal of Pliny, that they invoked him as a god: and his divine honors have been perpetuated in every age and country, by the various sects who assume the name of his disciples.24822482 Carmenque Christo quasi Deo dicere secum invicem. Plin. Epist. x. 97. The sense of Deus, Elohim, in the ancient languages, is critically examined by Le Clerc, (Ars Critica, p. 150-156,) and the propriety of worshipping a very excellent creature is ably defended by the Socinian Emlyn, (Tracts, p. 29-36, 51-145.) Their tender reverence for the memory of Christ, and their horror for the profane worship of any created being, would have engaged them to assert the equal and absolute divinity of the Logos, if their rapid ascent towards the throne of heaven had not been imperceptibly checked by the apprehension of violating the unity and sole supremacy of the great Father of Christ and of the Universe. The suspense and fluctuation produced in the minds of the Christians by these opposite tendencies, may be observed in the writings of the theologians who flourished after the end of the apostolic age, and before the origin of the Arian controversy. Their suffrage is claimed, with equal confidence, by the orthodox and by the heretical parties; and the most inquisitive critics have fairly allowed, that if they had the good fortune of possessing the Catholic verity, they have delivered their conceptions in loose, inaccurate, and sometimes contradictory language.24832483 See Daille de Usu Patrum, and Le Clerc, Bibliotheque Universelle, tom. x. p. 409. To arraign the faith of the Ante-Nicene fathers, was the object, or at least has been the effect, of the stupendous work of Petavius on the Trinity, (Dogm. Theolog. tom. ii.;) nor has the deep impression been erased by the learned defence of Bishop Bull. Note: Dr. Burton's work on the doctrine of the Ante-Nicene fathers must be consulted by those who wish to obtain clear notions on this subject.—M.
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Prepare Yourself Mentally
Charles Martin (1884-1934) made these illustrations in 1927 for a book entitled Monseigneur le Vin. He was a prolific designer and illustrator, producing more than 20 books. His style here is a most sophisticated version of the cartoon, and captures wine connoisseurship with humor and truth.
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text: Formed in Sacramento, California in 2006, indie rock outfit Middle Class Rut are a passionate and urgent duo featuring vocalist/guitarist Zack Lopez and vocalist/drummer Sean Stockham. Lopez and Stockham had previously played together in the Dreamworks-signed Leisure, which split in 2003. A national tour in 2007 drew some attention and the band's single, "New Low," began receiving local radio airplay. In 2008, Lopez and Stockham signed to the Bright Antenna label and released two EPs. In 2010, Middle Class Rut released their full-length debut, No Name No Color. A second album, Pick Up Your Head, followed in 2013. ~ Matt Collar


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I don't think this would fit in the normal CS definition of a closure.
I think the "normal CS definition of a closure" is a pretty elusive beast; mythical, maybe. I've been unsuccessfully looking for one since tye challenged me to find one in his reply to this node. Most of the time, the term is defined within the context of a particular language. Usually, it is demonstrated rather than defined at all.
Insofar as creating a definition, I disagree with tye about the importance of being able to "hide different lexicals into seperate refences to the same subroutine." (I absolutely agree that being able to do so is what really makes closures useful, however.)
If tye had tasked me with writing a generic definition for "closure" rather than finding one, I would have responded with something similar to this:
A closure is code that retains a binding to a free variable even after the variable has gone out of scope.I think that describes what a closure is without resorting to explaining what one is useful for, or how one is implemented.
In your example you're moving to some code that's inside a scope, rather than creating some code that carries it's scope with it.
Well, yes and no. (And this is, at least in part, why I submitted it for discussion.) I suggested that the closure is actually created when the sub is first entered via the goto. At that point, the variable has gone out of scope. Then we jump back into the code after the declaration. Really, it's very similar to broquaint's "named closure" example; only, the inner block is not a subroutine. I don't know the details of what perl is doing with the relevant scratchpads at that point, and I'd be happy for someone to explain it to me. I suspect that the variable is re-initialized to undef because perl doesn't ever expect a bare block to be used like a closure but I'm not sure why it isn't consistently re-initialized (except that we never explicitly declare it again.)
Perhaps you disagree that a "named closure" is a closure at all and I suppose that is debatable. I think a "named closure" fits the definition that I gave above though, so I'm in agreement with broquaint when he says that he doesn't think the Camel (3rd edition) is entirely accurate in its "anonymous function" requirement.
-sauoq "My two cents aren't worth a dime.";
In reply to Re: Re^2: Closure on Closures (beta)
by sauoq


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EasyRead Time Teacher Watch
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#6 from Head Shots by Karen Davis
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When Hurricane Katrina scattered New Orleans residents and its musicians across the country, many wondered if the best days of New Orleans music had drowned with the city. But if its music festivals are any indication, New Orleans is proving its music scene is waterproof.
New Orleans festivals are as strong as they've ever been, and at least one is bigger than before Katrina hit in 2005. French Quarter Festival, which took place in mid-April, started almost 30 years ago as a small festival for locals. But in recent years, has blossomed into a roughly $300 million moneymaker for the city. It brings in some 500,000 music fans each year, as does the upcoming New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Fest.
The French Quarter Festival is also the unofficial start of spring festival season in south Louisiana, when the revelry of Mardi Gras and chill of winter end, giving way to flip-flops, floppy hats and folding chairs toted by music lovers from across the globe.
Jazz Fest spans two weekends, April 27 to 29 and May 3 to 6, at the Fair Grounds racing track, followed by New Orleans Cajun-Zydeco Festival in June, Essence Music Festival in July, Satchmo Summerfest in August and the Voodoo Music Experience in October.
There are countless other festivals throughout south Louisiana packed between the months of April and October, among them Bayou Country Superfest in Baton Rouge and Festival International de Louisiane in Lafayette.
"We're just experiencing good times," said Troy "Trombone Shorty" Andrews, who was hand-picked to perform for President Obama and his family at the White House in February.
He also worked on the album, "Rebirth of New Orleans," that this year landed Rebirth Brass Band a Grammy, making Rebirth the first New Orleans-style brass band to win the honor.
Andrews and Rebirth were among the acts featured at this month's French Quarter Festival, and both are set to perform at Jazz Fest.
"For New Orleans, the music is the heartbeat of everything," Andrews said. "Now that we're on the path to becoming stronger again, everything is just looking beautiful for us. It's wonderful. I'm happy to be in New Orleans. I'm happy to be from here and be a New Orleans musician."
Trumpeter Irvin Mayfield says overcoming tragedy and coming out stronger on the other end is nothing new for New Orleans.
The nearly 300-year-old city has had to rebound from centuries of disasters including fires, plagues, hurricanes and most recently, the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
Through it all, New Orleans music has flourished and hard times have just been folded into the city's history.
"I think if you ask the question, 'Is that because of Katrina?' I really think the answer is 'It's despite Katrina,'" Mayfield said. "This is what we do. We would do this regardless."
Mayfield has said music continues to help him deal with the loss of his father, Irvin Mayfield Sr., who drowned when levees failed during Katrina. Since that storm, he's been one of the city's biggest champions - touting New Orleans wherever he performs and has opened two clubs under the Mayfield name.
"We all recognize we are part of a continuum," Mayfield said. "When you hear a note by Trombone Shorty, you're hearing a note by Louis Armstrong. When you hear Dr. John, you're listening to James Booker. When you listen to Ellis Marsalis, you're listening to James Black. You're listening to all the folks who have come before who may not even still be here."
A festival, says Mayfield, is one of the best ways to celebrate and present to the world the city's unique music, food, art and culture.
"A lot of our music, primarily jazz music, comes from that outside way of being, the Mardi Gras Indians, the outside culture of what we do during Carnival time," Mayfield said. "We definitely have a unique position of knowing how to do outside stuff and knowing how to do it really well."
French Quarter Festival included more than 100 Louisiana Cajun, zydeco, jazz and blues acts on 22 stages strung throughout the historic French Quarter in such places as Jackson Square, the open-air French Market and the grassy park space along the Mississippi River. Visitors came from all over.
"The diverse bands, the jazz and blues, there's no better place to find that than here in New Orleans," said Ken Louis of Afton, Wis., while sipping a cold beer as a jazz band played in Jackson Square.
"It kind of greases the skids for Jazz Fest and all the other music festivals," said Ron Ondechek Jr. of Denver, who called himself an avid fan of the city's festivals.
"There's lots of art, lots of people, lots of music. It's just a great place to relax."


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Let The Fur Flyon February 18, 2013 at 10:00 am
Kevin Says:
Hi there! We're back. Bruce and I had a long chat about how we wanted the newly-relaunched (and refitted?) Boldly Gone to feel different than what Ming had done before. Since we're both Of A Certain Age, sovaldi we started to talk about old school Trek comics and those dubious-but-charming Gold Key/Western books came up. After that, generic our path was clear. We hope you appreciate what we're doing here and we'll see you in two weeks!
(Interestingly, this is probably the most nakedly autobiographical comic strip I've ever done, due to my own allergies. And if you don't know, here's the deal with Caitians.)


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BREAKING NEWS: Cain sets high school record in Portland
Provided by USATF
One week after setting the American junior and high school record in the 800-meters, 17-year-old high school phenom Mary Cain established the American high school 5,000m record and grabbed the USA Outdoor Championships "A" standard Saturday at the Portland Track Festival. Her time of 15:45.46 was good enough for sixth place.
Cain's time betters Emily Sisson's previous record of 15:48.91 that she set in 2010.
Karolina Jarzynska won the women's 5,000m in a time of 15:25.52 while Treniere Moser was second in 15:35.96.
One week ago, competing at the Prefontaine Classic at Hayward Field, Cain became the first American junior or high school athlete to break two minutes in the 800m with her time of 1:59.51.
You can find complete results from the Portland Track Festival here.
Jared Slinde


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Enjoy beautiful artwork and photos all year round with our selection of 2021 wall calendars. Choose from a wide variety of artists and styles for your home or office.
Each day we choose a featured artist and highlight their artwork on our website.
Browse the large gallery of all the past featured ArtWanted artists.
A special gallery of hand-picked images from ArtWanted members. Each day new artists/artwork is added to this gallery, so return often.
Each week on ArtWanted we post a new art contest to enter or for you to vote on the latest contest entries. Submit your art or vote for your favorites.


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Paul William Walker IV, 1973-2013
Paul Walker was rock-solid guy in life and films.
Actor Paul Walker's death in a fiery car crash under a clear-blue California sky Saturday continues to feel so incredibly sad and so surreal.
How can it not?
The actor, 40, spent much of his life on-screen behind the wheel of fast cars, walking away from the worst possible pileups in the The Fast And The Furious franchise. He was one of the central players in the hugely popular series and a part of the cast from its 2001 beginnings, when it created a world where there was no curve its drivers couldn't navigate, no wreck they couldn't survive. Cars stood for high-octane escape, freedom at 200 mph.
No one was prepared for a day like Saturday. That Walker's final moments would carry such heartbreaking irony; that the sort of images that defined his life in film would also frame his death.
Though the The Fast And The Furious anchor is Vin Diesel playing Dominic Toretto, a local Los Angeles tough with a heart of gold, a few of the core cast members became minor constellations in their own right. Walker, as the undercover cop who became Dom's best friend and his most reliable partner in crime, was one.
Part of the films' appeal was its blue-collar ethos and its love of all things American, except for a law here or there. The pull was powerful enough that even Walker's cop Brian O'Conner couldn't resist. Dom's crew of gear-heads, grease monkeys, guys willing to get their hands dirty when duty called, soon won him over.
Walker's character was our entry point to this very real underground scene. The actor helped us see the merit in these renegades, to be seduced by the adrenaline rush of the race. There was also Brian's sweet relationship with Dom's sister Mia, played by Jordana Brewster. Together, the actors embodied a classic working-class couple, their courtship remarkably innocent in an outlaw world.
That was Walker's strength in front of the camera. The actor was ever the rock-solid guy.
He certainly looked the part with that strong jaw, slight scruff, clear blue eyes, golden smile. It is no surprise the actor landed on People magazine's most beautiful list. Walker could ooze sex appeal. But far more often, what you saw on-screen was an inherent decency.
From all accounts, that was an accurate description of the man, someone who held friends and family close, who had enough fame and fortune to abuse it, but never did. The heartfelt outpouring of love and regret from fans and friends alike in the wake of his death speaks eloquently to that.
Walker was born in Glendale, California in the United States and he never moved far from home. A California boy, he liked to surf and to drive fast cars. The car passion played out on-screen, in sanctioned racing circuits and at charity events like the one he was attending in the Santa Clarita Valley on Saturday.
That he would become an actor was almost a given. He began spending time in front of the camera as a toddler, diaper-clad in a Pampers ad for his first performance. At 13, he made his big-screen debut in 1986's Monster in the Closet. The B-movie would in a sense set the course for his career.
The TV and film roles that followed were mostly modest ones, drawing more fans than critical attention. In some of the better movies, Walker took secondary parts, overshadowed by bigger stars of his generation, such as Tobey Maguire in 1998's Pleasantville and James Van Der Beek in 1999's Varsity Blues.
Until The Fast And The Furious – a box-office juggernaut with international appeal – changed his life forever. He was a specialist in the mainstream, in a league with countless actors who show up year after year, give us their best and don't ask for much in return. Including awards on the shelf. Just to act is almost reward enough.
The franchise has never claimed to be high art, but it is always solidly entertaining. Its brash bravado is tempered by the fact that these bad boys are really good guys.
No. 6 in the series, which came out in May, outdid all the rest.
In more recent times, the actor had been taking on other types of roles. In one of his last projects, Hours, which is due for release in a couple weeks, he plays a father desperate to keep his baby daughter safe in the face of Hurricane Katrina.
There is no official word yet on the fate of Fast & Furious 7, which is still in production. I would be surprised if they didn't find a way to turn the film, at least in part, into a final tribute: to Walker and the memory of a good man, a good father, a good friend and a good actor – in that order – who sadly died too young. – Los Angeles Times/McClatchy-Tribune Information Services
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William Austin Burt (June 13, 1792 – August 18, 1858) was an American inventor, legislator, surveyor, and millwright.
Burt was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and lived in Michigan from 1822 until his death in 1858. He was a member of the Michigan Territorial Legislature, 1826-1827. He served as Mount Vernon's first postmaster from 1832 to 1856. He was a Macomb County Circuit Court judge in 1833, a state legislator in 1853, and a deputy U.S. surveyor from 1833 to 1853. While surveying, he won acclaim for his accurate work on public land surveys. In 1857, Burt moved to Detroit, where he died a year later.
Among Burt's numerous inventions were the typographer in 1829, which was a predecessor to the typewriter. He also invented the solar compass, a surveying tool used in the Michigan Survey, employed in regions that had an abundance of minerals, which would interfere with accurate readings when using ordinary instruments. While out surveying on September 19, 1844, in what is today Marquette County, Michigan, Burt discovered one of the largest iron ore deposits in the United States. A historical plaque commemorates William Austin Burt at Stony Creek, near his home in Mt. Vernon, Michigan.


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Question: We are given an array of 2n integers wherein each pair in this array of integers represents the year of birth and the year of death of a dinosaurs respectively. The range of valid years we want to consider is [-100000 to 2005]. For example, if the input was:
-80000 -79950 20 70 22 60 58 65 1950 2004
it would mean that the first dinosaur had a birth year of 80000 and an year of death of 79950 respectively. Similarly the second dinosaur lived from 20 to 70 and so on and so forth.
We would like to know the largest number of dinosaurs that were ever alive at one time. Write a method to compute this, given the above array of 2n integers.
Write one of the following methods:
int find_max_dinosaur (int[] years);
Java :
public int findMaxdinosaur (int[] yaears);
hope you help me experts


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Get the flu shot as early as possible
The first and best step to preventing the flu (or influenza), is to get the flu shot every year. The flu spreads quickly and easily from an infected person to others and anyone can get it. Getting the flu shot can protect you, your family and those around you.
Students may be at higher risk of getting the flu as they come together in close public spaces including the classroom, gymnasium, lunch room and library.
The flu shot is especially important for students who have a chronic condition (e.g. asthma, diabetes) or those who live with or have close contact with a pregnant woman, kids less than five years old, or a resident of a nursing home or other chronic care facility since these groups are at higher risk of getting very sick or being hospitalized because of the flu.
Flu shots are free and are readily available at:
- Health care provider's offices for people six months of age and older
- Participating pharmacies, for people five years of age and older
In addition to getting the flu shot annually, here are some other health tips that can help prevent the spread of the flu:
- Wash your hands well and often with either soap and water or alcohol based hand rub
- Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze (if you do not have a tissue, cough into your upper sleeve)
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth
- Stay home when you're sick
- Clean and disinfect surfaces and shared items
It's important to get the flu shot as early as possible as it can take nearly two weeks for the influenza vaccine to take full effect.
To learn more about flu and flu vaccine, visit york.ca/flu.


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We are building a rich picture of the trends, hotspots, routes and networks of human trafficking on a global scale. With greater intelligence, we are generating targeted action to disrupt human trafficking networks at their source.
We are building a strong network of individuals and organisations around the world. Working hand-in-hand with this network, we are building global resilience in communities that are vulnerable to human trafficking.
Human trafficking is a clandestine crime; being able to spot the signs is critical. We offer a number of resources and bespoke awareness courses for individuals and organisations alike, including schools, businesses and frontline professionals.
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Your donation is vital to enabling STOP THE TRAFFIK to combat human trafficking. Together, we will stop it.
By donating, you help us to:
Raise awareness through intelligence-led, bespoke campaigns, resources, training and awareness-raising materials.
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A child development specialist in Indiana was recently told by 40 percent of the children she interviewed that their parents had not spoken to them about the war. Is it possible that New York City kids are experiencing the same silence at home?
The New York City Department of Education has posted guidelines for parents and teachers for talking to children about war.
According to these guidelines, prepared by the National Center for Children Exposed to Violence at the Yale Child Study Center, adolescents need a variety of opportunities to talk about their feelings, when they are ready, without forcing them. School-age children, too, benefit from being asked about their feelings and what they've heard, and given accurate information in response to their comments and questions. For toddlers and preschool children, remaining calm and maintaining the ordinary routine of life is what helps.
As expected, watching too much television coverage of war, violence and terrorism, especially graphic images, can be harmful to children of all ages.
Parents need not worry about knowing exactly the right thing to say, according to the guidelines. "There is no answer that will make everything okay." But avoiding the discussion altogether can cause harm. "Silence won't protect them from what is happening, but silence will prevent them from understanding and coping with it."
The Board of Education guidelines for teachers stress that children with friends or family members involved in Iraq or in military service may have difficulty with discussions about the war, as will students with prior traumatic experiences (such as 9/11). Students might avoid telling their classmates or teachers that family members are in military service so teachers are encouraged to conduct all classroom discussions assuming that some of their students are personally affected.
Teachers are also urged not to impose their own political beliefs on students, to allow for differing viewpoints during discussions, promoting tolerance for different opinions.
Children may find it comforting if they can figure out ways to be helpful at this time. The guidelines suggest encouraging children to think about how they might want to do, allowing them to decide what would be most meaningful.
The New York University Child Study Center has a similar set of guidelines, "Talking to Kids about Terrorism or War," written by Robin Goodman, Director of Public Education Programs, at NYU Child Study Center and Clinical Associate Professor at NYU School of Medicine.
Contrary to parents' fears, writes Goodman, talking about violent acts will not increase a child's fear. Having children keep scared feelings to themselves is more damaging than open discussion.
Regarding television and news reports, Goodman suggests watching or reading the news together as the best way for a parent to gauge a child's reaction and open a discussion. The dialogue should allow for disagreement and airing of different points of view; feeling their opinion is wrong or misunderstood can cause children to disengage.
Adults can be honest about their fears, said Goodman, but must avoid distraught reactions so as not to scare their children or students.
Cornell University has also contributed to the literature on this subject with "In America at War: Children and Parents Under Siege," written by James Garbarino, professor of Human Development at Cornell University and Co-Director of the Family Life Development Center.
Parents and teachers can use the present circumstances, suggests Garbarino, to teach children about justice, compassion, and revenge.
"Protecting the stigmatized from scapegoating and guilt by association is an important goal of public institutions in a time of national crisis" writes Garbarino. "In the wake of Pearl Harbor at the start of World War II we rounded up Japanese-Americans and detained them as suspected enemies of the state... .Understanding and compassion in the face of hate and fanaticism are virtues, not something to be afraid of. It is more than a matter of our good and their evil. Dehumanization is the enemy."
While teachers and parents are finding their way to talking to children about the war, children are talking to each other, even if only sending their thoughts out into the ether. A visit to Voices of Youth, a bulletin board set up by UNICEF for children around the world to communicate on the subject of war, allows us to hear some of those young voices. Here is a recent one from the United States (they identify themselves at the site by first name, age, and country, not city or state), twelve-year old Charlotte: "Does anyone here understand why we are at war?"
Meanwhile, high school students, only a few years older than Charlotte, are being contacted by military recruiters. A little-known provision of the new federal education law, No Child Left Behind, requires public and private high schools to provide names, addresses and phone numbers of their students to the armed forces; only Quaker schools or others with religious objections to military service are exempt. Young men who reach the age of 18 are already required to register with the selective service, but the new law gives military recruiters direct access to even younger children. Incentives offered to these teenagers to enlist in the military upon graduation from high school are scholarships to college and, particularly enticing to immigrant children, the right to immediately apply for citizenship, waiving the standard waiting period of three years for those in the military and five years for citizens. Fifteen and sixteen year old New Yorkers have already begun getting these calls and letters.
Perhaps parents and teachers should be speaking to them first.