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THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
Continuous deployment is described by Wikipedia as:
Most CI systems allow the running of scripts after a build finishes. In most situations, it is possible to write a script to deploy the application to a live test server that everyone can look at. A further advance in this way of thinking is Continuous Deployment, which calls for the software to be deployed directly into production http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Integration
Most CI systems allow the running of scripts after a build finishes. In most situations, it is possible to write a script to deploy the application to a live test server that everyone can look at. A further advance in this way of thinking is Continuous Deployment, which calls for the software to be deployed directly into production http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Integration
I think of Continuous Deployment as a natural extension of Continuous Integration where not only do we build the source code, we deploy it as well. As I continue to put together my SSDT Database Projects from the ground-up seminar it occurred to me that demonstrating Continuous Deployment for SSDT database projects would be very useful. It then occurred to me that the recently released Team Foundation Service (TFS) includes a facility to build source code so I wondered, could one perhaps use TFS to build an SSDT database project and deploy it to a Windows Azure SQL Database (aka SQL Azure)? It turns out that the answer is "yes" and this blog provides a step-by-step guide to doing just that.
Its worth noting that Team Foundation Service is free for up to five users. SSDT is also free. Windows Azure SQL Databases, however, are not free so you may have to pay a small amount to get one or alternatively adapt the steps herein to use Team Foundation Server to deploy to an on-premises SQL Server instance. Note that a MSDN subscription does include some small usage of Windows Azure SQL Database and that allowance will be more than enough to go through the steps herein.
We can break our process down into the following high-level steps:
Let's dive into all of those steps.
Visit https://manage.windowsazure.com/ and sign up for a new Windows Azure SQL Database:
Your new database will be viewable in the portal immediately:
Windows Azure SQL Databases are, by default, closed to the outside world so you must edit the list of IP addresses that are allowed to access the server. Setting this up is outside the scope of this blog post however simply go to How to: Configure the Server-Level Firewall Settings (Windows Azure SQL Database) to learn how to do this (its very easy).
Visit https://tfs.visualstudio.com/ to sign up to use Team Foundation Service using your Microsoft Account (aka Windows Live ID). Once you have signed-up you will have a dedicated service URL (mine, for example, is https://jamiet.visualstudio.com/). Visit that URL and click "New Team Project":
Fill in the pertinent details and hit "Create Project":
Creating the Team Project will take a minute or so but will be ready for you when you need it shortly.
For this you're going to need SSDT for Visual Studio 2010 or Visual Studio 2012. They are both free and can be downloaded from here; I am using SSDT for Visual Studio 2012.
You will need to create a new SQL Server Database Project:
Once the project is created it will appear in Solution Explorer and be empty at this point. We are going to be deploying to Windows Azure SQL Database therefore we must tell the project that that will be the case. To do that right-click on the project and select Properties:
In Project Settings select Windows Azure SQL Database as the Target platform:
You'll need to add a database object to your project otherwise this is all rather pointless. Given that this is simply for demo purposes we shall simply create a table called [Table1].
OK, we now have a Windows Azure SQL Database, a TFS service (is that Team Foundation Service service???) and a SSDT database project with a simple table in it. Let's now hook them all together.
Interaction with TFS from within Visual Studio is done using the Team Explorer pane.
From Team Explorer you will need to connect to your new TFS. Click on the address bar in Team Explorer and point to "Connect to Team Projects…"
Choose your project and click Connect. Your server is simply the name of the server that was setup earlier; remember that mine was jamiet.visualstudio.com (note that it uses an https connection, not http):
You should now be connected to your Team Foundation Service. Add your source code to TFS Source Control from inside Solution Explorer:
And check in your SSDT database project (or "commit" if you prefer that terminology):
You will now be able to browse to your TFS home page (mine is https://jamiet.visualstudio.com), click on your project and browse through your checked in code:
You need to tell SSDT where to deploy the project to, that information is stored in a Publish Profile file. In Solution Explorer right-click and select "Publish…"
Enter the details of the Windows Azure SQL Database that you prepared earlier:
Once the Publish Profile file has been saved it will be saved in your project:
At the time of writing Windows Azure SQL Database only supports SQL authentication so we have to edit the Publish Profile file to include the password for the account that will be used for deployment. Right-click on the Publish Profile file, select "Open with…" and from the resultant dialog select "XML (Text) Editor:
Edit the Connection String to include your password:
NOW you can check in:
A Build Definition defines how and when the source code in the project should get built. Create a new Build Definition by selecting "Builds" in the Team Explorer address bar and choosing New Build Definition:
Follow the steps shown in the screenshots below to setup your Build Definition:
(Credit for informing me about the MSBuild arguments goes entirely to Jakob Ehn and his blog post Deploying SSDT Projects with TFS Build)
(Credit for informing me about the MSBuild arguments goes entirely to Jakob Ehn and his blog post Deploying SSDT Projects with TFS Build)
If you have set everything up correctly then any future check in should trigger a build and thus a Publish of the SSDT project to your Windows Azure SQL Database. Here is my first build report:
and back in SSDT I can use SQL Server Object Explorer to browse my newly deployed table:
That's Continuous Deployment for SSDT projects to Windows Azure SQL Database using Team Foundation Service. Awesome!
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Great example!
It would be helpful to see similar examples for SSRS/SSIS/SSAS.
"It would be helpful to see similar examples for SSRS/SSIS/SSAS."
You bet it would. When you find someone willing to do that, let me know :)
The problem you have with SSIS/SSAS/SSRS is that they do not use msbuild for build/deployment. SSDT projects *do* use msbuild and hence why the above steps work.
Hey Jamie,
Great tutorial, I learned a lot!
Can you make a note that when you're connecting to the TFS server that is an HTTPS connection, not HTTP? Took me a bit too long to figure out why it would never connect to the TFS service ...
Hi Kyle,
Good point. I have updated accordingly.
We actually created a custom build definition to include the IS/RS/AS projects. As stated there's nothing to actually "build" it is merely a deployment process. However including that deployment allows to to do other tasks such as run IS jobs or Coded UI tests for RS. Hope to be blogging about it soon.
BTW (sorry I didn't mention it the first time). Another excellent post Jamie!
I've previously done the same for SSAS, SSIS and SSRS under Sql 2008 R2. Basically you have to shell out to devenv.com to get the projects built, then work out how to take the output artefacts and deploy them.
For SSAS you have to use the Microsoft.AnalysisServices.Deployment.exe to convert the .asdatabase file into a MDX script (see http://piers7.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/analysis-services-2008-r2-breaking.html)
For SSIS you can just collect the .dtsx's from the project output directory
For SSRS I wrote a script to walk the project file and locate the items to be deployed
I'm busy setting all this up on a SQL 2012 project right now, so I'll see what's changed. Little from an MSBuild perspective, sadly.
Hi Piers,
Yeah, nothing has changed from an msbuild perspective. However, a member of the SSIS team has produced an open source assembly that contains some msbuild tasks for building/deploying SSIS2012 projects - its called Microsoft.SqlSever.IntegrationServices.Build.dll.
The source is on Codeplex somewhere but I can't for the life of me find it. Get in touch with Matt Masson (https://twitter.com/mattmasson) for 'tis he that wrote it.
Aaron Lowe. Would you be willing to share your custom build definitions for IS/RS/AS projects
Great explanation. Would be helpful to talk about the database upgrade scenarios too.
Hi Brian,
In what context? The above should work for schema upgrades too - that's one of the benefits of the declarative development paradigm that SSDT extols.
Hi Jamie,
This post was really useful - particularly the editing of the publish file - I was getting a connection error on build and it was because the password was missing.
Anyway - do you have any advice on how to make this work for a multi-tenant situation - i.e. have the SSDT project publish to multiple instances of the same database?
I have achieved this with a local TFS server by adding a custom build task that called a console app I made that runs the script generated from a seed database deployment against all databases on the server (using the old VS2010 DB projects). However, I'm not sure I can do the same thing in the hosted build environment? I don't have access to the build server and therefore cannot add my custom .exe as a build task?
Any advice on the best way to achieve this appreciated.
Hi Dave,
In the example above I have used a publish profile file however you don't have to do that. sqlpackage.exe can accept command-line parameters instead of the information that is wrapped up in the publish profile file (the publish profile file is little more than a collection of propertyname-value pairs after all).
Look into the /TargetDatabaseName & /TargetServerName switches for sqlpackage.exe and change them accordingly for each tenant that you wish to deploy for.
Thanks for the quick reply!
I must admit I know nothing about sqlpackage.exe so I'll have to look into that.
I have previously successfully implemented this scenario using a local TFS server by using a custom build task (an .exe I made) that queried the db names and deployed a script generated from the old VS2010 database project which was pointing at a seed DB. But I've since upgraded to the new SSDT projects and moved to the hosted TFS service.
Couple more questions if I may:
1) Would using this mean I would be able to feed it a **dynamic** list of database names to deploy to? I don't know the databases I need to deploy to - I have to query this.
2) How can I use sqlpackage.exe on the hosted build environment? I don't have access to the build server, so I'm not sure how integrate it into the hosted build service.
Thanks Dave
"1) Would using this mean I would be able to feed it a **dynamic** list of database names to deploy to? I don't know the databases I need to deploy to - I have to query this."
I'm sure there are many ways to skin that particular cat. Have you considererd Powershell? Using that you could issue your query, loop over the results and for each one call out to sqlpackage.exe.
sqlpackage.exe is distributed in the DAC Framework (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee210549.aspx) This can be installed, for free, wherever you choose.
In your build definition, you say that I should choose the SQL project to target. My application has more projects to build than just the sql project. Is there a way to do this when targeting the solution?
Hi Justin,
good question, i don't know the answer but i would doubt that's possible.
all is not lost however, simply call the command for each db. You can (i think) enter multiple commands. I'm not a TFS expert but there'll be a way to do it, I'm certain.
Thanks for this. Very helpful. I have the same situation as Justin. The SSDT project was one in a solution of multiple projects. I setup my mvc app to use the (localdb)\projects instance for my SSDT project, and I was able to get the Azure Cloud Service to automatically pick up the MVC app easily by simply linking the two (which created a continuous deployment build), but I was struggling with deploying the database from (localdb)\projects to SQL Azure in a CD fashion until I found this.
The only gotchya with the above approach is that when you specify the target as a command line argument for msbuild, it will try to Build and Publish every project in the sln file. The simplest way to work around this was to just setup another build, with a CI trigger, but which only targets the DB project. You can change the items the template will use to build by pointing it to the entire sln file, or individual proj files. So I just have 2 CI/CD builds targeting the same solution, but different projects.
Rereading Justin's comment, it sounds like he specifically wants to target the sln file? if you insist, then the only way that I found to have 1 build that targets the entire solution is to edit the sqlproj file directly (in a text editor), change the DefaultTargets attribute to "Build;Publish", and remove the /t:Build /t:Publish msbuild command line parameters. Now the build will simply use the "DefaultTargets" property for all projects in the solution.
The unfortunate side effect of that is that it also tries to do it locally when you build in VS, and it of course fails because you haven't supplied the SqlPublishProfilePath parameter. So you need to find a way around this (e.g. remove from local build configs, or supply a profile which deploys to...) you decide. I didn't investigate further because the above comment is a much simpler and less fragile solution.
Thanks for showing the edit profile trick to enter password there. I had some connection errors troubling me and there it was.
Just wanted to inform you that you might want to hide your full sql server name that's showing in one of your pictures above. You've hidden it in all but one.
Thanks again.
Hi Jamie,
wonderful article !! Is there any way we can automate the deployment process , I mean scheduling it like a job ??
Waiting for your response
Other Errors and Warnings
1 error(s), 1 warning(s)
This build has been stopped automatically by the server due to loss of connectivity to the build machine. All requests included in the build have been placed back into the queue and will be retried when connectivity is restored.
Build stopped by MitBuild Build User
I am getting this error when I tried to Automate build can anyone please help me with this ??
Hi piers7 and community,
I am new to Azure and SSIS. I am hoping to schedule a run for SSIS packages which will reside on an Azure VM.
I wanted to ask more about your statement:
"For SSIS you can just collect the .dtsx's from the project output directory"
Could you please explain how I can do this to help schedule runs, or if it is possible?


text:
Seek the Peak 2020
No One Left Behind
July 18, 2020 - September 30, 2020
Since 1932, the nonprofit Mount Washington Observatory has been observing and reporting on Mount Washington's infamous conditions from their mountaintop weather station, maintaining one of North America's longest continuous climate records. The data they collect is utilized in forecasting models, weather reports, landmark climate research and a variety of educational outreach. Through research and education, the Observatory is working to inspire the next generation of scientists.
Please join me in supporting this legendary institution by making a donation towards my hike. All gifts are fully tax-deductible, and will help Mount Washington Observatory continue their important work in the Home of the World's Worst Weather.
To learn more about Mount Washington Observatory, please visit MountWashington.org. For more on Seek the Peak, the nation's premier hiking event, visit www.seekthepeak.org.
Thank you for your support!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Equity futures are higher still, even after last Friday's head shaking whatever you call it 267 point HFT casino madness rally. Whatever, the "markets" are not free and they are not real, they are certainly NOT a safe place for your retirement money. The dollar and bonds are higher, not what you would expect with higher equities, oil is higher, gold & silver are higher, and food commodities continue to strangle real living beings due to a false monetary construct.
The article I just wrote describing Debt Saturation and Diminishing Returns is probably the most important concept I've worked to disseminate, I just added the following to it this morning in case you read it last night:
When examining debt, it is wise to always consider the income that is there to support that debt. Unfortunately, debt has been allowed to far outstrip income. An important concept is that Debt Saturation actual works to cap income - this is because the weight of carrying more and more principal and interest stifles real economic activity! And this is why increasing debt into a debt saturated condition actually causes unemployment to worsen. Note in the chart below how Federal Receipts have stagnated in relation to Federal Debt, that is a debt saturated condition:
Index of Federal Receipts Vs. Federal Debt:
Note in the chart above that these values have been indexed in order to get them on the same scale - in reality income is much smaller as a percentage of debt with Federal Receipts only $2.5 Trillion.
Please help disseminate that article, it is a very important one: Monetary Madness Part II – Diminishing Returns…
This morning the Chicago "Fed" National Activity Index for September came in negative for the sixth month in a row at -.22, an improvement from the prior -.44. Here's Econodoesn'tgetit:
The national activity index improved to minus 0.22 in September from a revised minus 0.59 in August, still below zero to indicate below trend growth for the sixth straight month. The three-month average improved to minus 0.21 from an unrevised minus 0.28.
Employment-related indicators moved to slightly positive ground as did production-related indicators. Sales, orders & inventories also moved to the positive side. Consumption & housing improved slightly but remains deeply negative.
The rest of this week will bring a lot of housing data, the first look at Q3 GDP with a consensus of 2.5% trumped up "growth," and on Friday we'll see Consumer Sentiment, not that historically low readings mean anything to the narcissists running the production of money.
The Euroclowns continue to generate laughs in the face of their impossible math. I will guarantee you the current arrangement is coming to an end… soon. One way or the other, so don't get used to the fantasy that there's some kind of "fix" coming – sorry, but no real fix until the private individuals in charge of money production are removed.
Just to let the criminals know that someone is paying attention, I want to point out the following:
PMI Group Mortgage Insurance Unit Is Seized by Arizona; Payouts Cut to 50%
PMI Group Inc. (PMI), the mortgage insurer that was ordered in August to stop writing policies, said a unit that sells such coverage was seized by Arizona authorities and will pay out claims at 50 percent starting tomorrow.
The Arizona insurance regulator has full possession, management and control of the unit, PMI Group said in a statement on its website. Bill Horning, a spokesman for PMI, didn't respond to a message seeking comment.
In August, the Arizona Department of Insurance told PMI that the unit, PMI Mortgage Insurance Co., was to halt sales of new policies and stop making interest payments on $285 million in surplus notes. PMI, which is based in Walnut Creek, California, said it needed to provide the regulator with a plan to improve its ability to meet policyholder obligations.
"The department may take appropriate action, including commencing conservatorship proceedings" if PMI fails to satisfy regulators' demands, the company said on Aug. 19.
That same month, PMI Group posted its 16th straight quarterly loss.
The worst U.S. housing crash in seven decades has pressured mortgage insurers, which pay lenders when homeowners default and foreclosures fail to recoup costs. Home prices fell 3.3 percent in the 12 months through July as a U.S. unemployment rate of more than 9 percent sapped the confidence of potential home buyers.
That action is going to hurt the banks, but mainly it will force losses from Freddie and Fannie onto the taxpayer. How did that happen? Let's recap…
PMI is one of the largest mortgage insurers in the country. When a conventional buyer puts down less than 20% of their home's value they are then required to buy mortgage insurance – yet another scam that fed the credit bubble and caused home prices to rise. The rating agencies are complicit in allowing this mortgage insurance, but even they would not give the mortgage insurance that coveted triple-A rating unless they had diverse income streams. That is why PMI, and other mortgage insurers, began also insuring municipal bonds – a much less risky business (previously anyway), and that enabled the complicit rating agencies to issue Triple-A's, which they did.
But then the housing bubble collapsed and very quickly it was obvious that the mortgage insurers were all bankrupt – a fact the banks worked hard to conceal because without the insurance their own loan portfolios would have imploded (immediately). So PMI was allowed to languish and eventually they played the illegal shell game of splitting their company into two parts – the good assets into one company, and the bad insurance portfolio in the other. Again, this is ILLEGAL, always has been, but is being allowed to occur since this crisis began – this is fraud, it is criminal conduct.
So now the state regulators FINALLY make a move on the bad company, but the good assets are already long gone, get it? That's how you play the shell game, and that's why it's illegal, it leaves those who were defrauded unable to attach assets that they otherwise would have had a claim against. The banks are also now playing the shell game, and our government and "regulators" are allowing this illegal activity to occur!
Why should you care? Because you probably have retirement money in funds that own these bad companies, and everyone has been put on the hook for losses in Freddie and Fannie as the banks and mortgage insurers shirk their crap onto all of us!
This is exactly why I say that the very first step in restoring a functional economy is restoring the rule-of-law. That means that the FRAUD must be prosecuted!
Arnie Gunderson does a great job calling the NRC out on their failures – he understand how that "regulator" has been corrupted by special interests – they do not regulate to protect the people, they are more of an industry marketing consortium – sad, but thankfully we have bulldogs like Arnie:
Post Fukushima: All the King's Horses and All the King's Men...


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Potato-Caramelized Onion Empanadas
These golden pockets of flaky pastry dough are filled with a garlicky mix of potatoes, caramelized onions and cheese. Easy to pick up and eat they make a great appetizer.
18 oz. flaky pastry dough
6 tbsp. olive oil
4 large onions, thinly sliced
4 cloves garlic, minced
5 lb. potatoes, par-boiled, cubed
Salt and pepper, to taste
3 cups Jack cheese, shredded
2 tbsp. Mexican oregano, crumbled
2 cups tomatillo salsa
2 cups pico de gallo
- Prepare pastry, cover, and set aside. Heat oil in large skillet. Caramelize onions over low heat. Add potatoes and garlic and sauté an additional 5 min., until potatoes are lightly browned. Season with salt and pepper, set aside and cool.
- In large bowl, combine potato mixture with cheese and oregano.
- On a cool surface, roll pastry out into a rectangle 1⁄8-in. thick. With a cookie cutter, cut out 5-in. circles. Repeat with remaining pastry.
- Place circle of dough on work surface. Place 2 heaping tbsp. of filling in center and brush edges with egg white. Bring edges up over filling, and pleat and seal firmly. Repeat with remaining dough.
- Bake empanadas at 350° F. until golden, approx. 20 min. Serve with tomatillo salsa and pico de gallo.


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For every kind of badass
Join an unlikely band of heroes and fight to save the last star.
Assemble your team
Once upon a time, the night sky was full of stars… until some jerk started dragging them into the void. And when the universe is down to its last star, everyone wants a piece of what's left…
Form an unlikely alliance with a group of fellow heroes and work together to take down a mysterious evil force hell-bent on plunging the cosmos into darkness. Pick from a roster of 25 unique, weird and downright awesome characters, with the firepower to match. Think a mission needs the skills of a cyborg hawk, a samurai vampire or a mini-gun wielding man-mountain? Then squad up and lead the charge!
Take on a single player story mode, cooperate with friends via split-screen or online, or take on other teams of heroes in 10-player multiplayer battles. Choose from three game modes – Incursion, Devastation and Meltdown – and level up your characters using the Helix progression system, to make your badasses even more… well… badass.
Vibration Function
Network Features
Network Play
2-10 Network Players
1-2 Players
Lead your squad into ten-player online battles – only with PS Plus.
Time for action


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Today I am using some shaker dies from Simon Says Stamp to make quick cards:
Watch this video to see how easy it is!
- Kite Shaker card die
- Umbrella shaker card die
- Foam Tape
- Shaker beads
- Scrapbook paper
- Cardstock
- Dry adhesive (I used ATG tape)
I hope you enjoyed this fun project! You can also uses these dies for paper piecing if you don't want to make shaker cards and they are great for using up paper scraps. Thanks for stopping by and til next time happy crafting!
Filed under: Crafts 4 Kids, Stamping | Tagged: die cuts, how to make a shaker card, interactive cards, shaker card, shaker dies, simon says stamp |


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Put the brakes on using your brain power
German researchers have used drivers' brain signals, for the first time, to assist in braking, providing much quicker reaction times and a potential solution to the thousands of car accidents that are caused by human error.
Using electroencephalography (EEG) a technique that attaches electrodes to the scalp , the researchers demonstrated that the mind-reading system, accompanied with modern traffic sensors, could detect a driver's intention to break 130 milliseconds faster than a normal brake pedal response.
Driving at 100km/h, this amounts to reducing the braking distance by 3.66 meters - the full length of a compact car or the potential margin between causing and avoiding accidents.
The study, published today, 29 July 2011, in IOP Publishing's Journal of Neural Engineering, identified the parts of the brain that are most active when braking and used a driving simulator to demonstrate the viability of mind-reading assisted driving.
A detailed video of one of the subjects driving the simulator can be seen here.
As well as EEG, the researchers, from the Berlin Institute for Technology, also chose to examine myoelectric (EMG) activity which is caused by muscle tension in the lower leg and can be used to detect leg motion before it actually moves to the brake pedal.
Whilst sat among conventional driving controls, the study's 18 participants were asked to drive a car that was displayed on a screen in front of them whilst a series of electrodes were attached to their scalp to measure brain activity.
They were asked to stay within a 20 metre distance of a computer-controlled lead vehicle along a road that contained sharp curves and dense oncoming traffic, to recreate real driving conditions, whilst maintaining a speed of 100km/h.
At random intervals, emergency braking situations were triggered by the rapid braking of the lead vehicle in front, accompanied by the flashing of its braking lights.
At this point, when the subjects reacted, the data was collected from the EEG and EMG. For comparison, the researchers also recorded information on the time it took to release the gas pedal and press the brake pedal, the deceleration of both vehicles and the distance between the two vehicles.
Using the initial EEG recordings, the researchers were able to determine what parts of the brain are most sensitive in a braking scenario and therefore tweak the detection system accordingly.
A recent development, implemented into this study, are hybrid systems where external lasers and sensors are able to sense when a potential crash is upcoming so that as soon as the break pedal is touched, the vehicles goes into an emergency braking procedure; however these systems still rely on a human physical response, which is where a mind-reading system could benefit.
Lead author of the study Stefan Haufe said, "Averaged over all potential detection thresholds, a system that uses all available sensors detects emergency situations 130 milliseconds earlier than a system that doesn't use EEG and EMG. We can safely say that it is mainly EEG that leads to the early detection.
"We are now considering to test the system online in a real car however if such a technology would ever enter a commercial product, it would certainly be used to complement other assistive technology to avoid the consequences of false alarms that could be both annoying and dangerous."


text:
Natural Standard Monograph, Copyright © 2014 (www.naturalstandard.com). Commercial distribution prohibited. This monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. You should consult with a qualified health care professional before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.
Related Terms
- Auricular reflexology, body reflexology, charka energy reflexology, foot acupressure, Laura Norman method, macroreflexology (acupressure and acupuncture), metamorphic technique, microrelfexology (ear, foot and hand reflexology), Original Ingham Method®, reflexology workout, reflextherapy, reflex zone therapy, Vita Flex, zone therapy.
- Note: The term "reflexotherapy" has been used to describe acupuncture in some countries.
- Reflexology involves the application of manual pressure to specific points or areas of the feet called "reflex points" that are believed to correspond to other parts of the body. Reflexology is often used with the intention to relieve stress or prevent/treat physical disorders. Pressure may also be applied to the hands or ears.
- Techniques similar to reflexology have existed for thousands of years, and were used by ancient Egyptians and early Chinese. In the early 20th Century, an American ear, nose, and throat physician, William Fitzgerald, MD, suggested that the foot could be "mapped" to other areas of the body in order to diagnose and treat medical conditions. He divided the body into 10 zones and labeled sections of the foot he believed to control each zone. Dr. Fitzgerald suggested that gentle pressure on a particular area of the foot could generate relief in the targeted zone. This process was originally named zone therapy.
- In the 1930s, Eunice Ingham, a nurse and physiotherapist, further developed these maps to include specific reflex points. At this time, the name zone therapy was changed to reflexology. Modern reflexologists in the United States often learn Ingham's method or a similar technique developed by the reflexologist Laura Norman.
- Reflexology charts consist of pictures of the soles of the feet on which diagrams of corresponding internal organs or parts of the body are drawn. For example, charts may display that the toes correspond to the head and neck, the ball of the foot to the chest and lungs, the arch of the foot to the internal organs, the heel to the sciatic nerve and pelvic area, and the bone along the arch of the foot to the spine. The right side of the body is believed to be reflected in the right foot, and the left side in the left foot.
- Although most reflexologists formally claim that these relationships are not used to diagnose disease, practicing reflexologists sometimes assert that tenderness or a gritty feeling of the feet represents current or past disease in the corresponding area of the body.
- Reflexology is sometimes combined with other techniques, and may be used by healthcare practitioners of various disciplines (such as massage therapists, chiropractors, podiatrists, physical therapists, or nurses).
- Reflexology is primarily based on Western physiological concepts of reflexes and the nervous system, rather than Oriental concepts of energy meridians or acupuncture points. Thus reflexology was not introduced as a form of energy medicine per se, but rather as a form of massage therapy and bodywork based on Western anatomical principles.
- Reflexology is sometimes confused with acupressure (shiatsu), which is based solely on Oriental energetic principles. While the two modalities are based on different theories of mechanisms of action, some modern reflexologists now incorporate some Oriental energetic principles in their understanding of the possible mechanisms of reflexology.
- Practitioners range from those who taught themselves from books to individuals who attended training courses and belong to professional associations. Techniques can be learned and self-administered. No widely accepted regulatory systems exist for reflexology, and there is currently no state licensure or training requirement in the United States.
The below uses are based on tradition or scientific theories. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious and should be evaluated by a qualified health care professional.
- Exactly how reflexology might work remains unclear, and several possible explanations have been put forward. One theory is that the body contains an invisible life force, or energy field, that when blocked can result in illness. It is proposed that stimulating nerve endings in the foot can unblock and increase the flow of vital energy to various parts of the body, and promote healing. This account is similar to theories behind other techniques in which mapped points are treated to affect corresponding remote body parts or conditions, such as acupuncture or acupressure.
- A different theory is that pressure exerted by reflexologists may release endorphins (compounds that alter pain sensations). Yet another explanation is that compression of specific points ("cutaneo-organ reflex points") stimulates nerves that form connections with other parts of the body, and may have distant effects as part of a reflex arc. Other theories include promotion of lymphatic flow or dissolving of accumulated uric acid crystals via direct stimulation of the feet. Reliable scientific research in these areas is limited.
- Reflexologists often take a full client history before examining the bare feet systematically, with the patient lying on a treatment table, couch, or reclining in a chair. During treatment, clients typically remain fully clothed, sitting with legs raised or lying on a treatment table. Unlike massage, which involves a generalized rubbing motion, reflexologists use their hands to apply pressure to specific points of the foot.
- Practitioners start by gently massaging the feet, and then begin to apply pressure to selected reflex points on the feet. The strength of pressure used often varies between practitioners, and from patient to patient. This therapy should never be painful.
- For lubrication, therapists may use lotion or oils (some which contain aromatherapy products). The reflexologist and client may converse throughout treatment or may remain silent, depending on client preference. Occasionally, practitioners will use instruments on the feet during therapy (for example, sticks of wood, clothespins, combs, rubber balls, rubber bands, tongue depressors, wire brushes, special massagers, hand probes, or clamps). Some reflexology instruction books state that clients may feel a tingling sensation in the part of the body corresponding to the reflex point being stimulated, although this has not been documented scientifically.
- Individual reflexology sessions often last from 30 to 60 minutes, and may be part of a 4 to 8 week course of therapy. Practitioners range from those who taught themselves from books to individuals who attended training courses and belong to professional associations. Techniques can be learned and self-administered. No widely accepted regulatory systems exist for reflexology, and there is currently no state licensure or training requirement in the United States.
Uses based on scientific evidence
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional.
Bedwetting (in children)
Some studies have suggested that reflexology may help prevent fecal soiling and bedwetting in children. However, the research thus far is inconclusive.
Chemotherapy side effects
Reflexology may help relieve nausea, vomiting and fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, further research is needed to confirm this.
Chronic lower back pain
A large trial comparing reflexology to relaxation or no therapy reports that reflexology is not effective for managing chronic lower back pain.
Research has suggested that reflexology may be useful for treating colic in infants. However, further research is needed before reflexology can be recommended as an effective treatment for colic.
Early study of reflexology in humans with constipation has not yielded definitive results.
Reflexology may provide some benefits to those suffering from depression. However, results from numerous studies have been inconsistent. Further research is needed.
Reflexology may help manage type II diabetes in some patients. More clinical trials are necessary to determine whether reflexology is an effective treatment for diabetes.
Enhanced immune function
Some research suggests that self-administered reflexology may help to boost the immune system.
Reflexology may help relieve fatigue and stress in coal miners with lung diseases.
Fetal development (fetal activity)
A small study reported that foot massage increased fetal activity in midgestation. Hand massage did not increase fetal activity.
Early research suggests that reflexology may relieve pain from migraine or tension headaches, and that pain medication requirements may be reduced.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Early study of reflexology in humans with irritable bowel syndrome has not yielded definitive results. Better research is needed in this area before a strong recommendation can be made.
Early research suggests that reflexology may reduce the need for pain relief during labor. Further research is necessary to explore the safety of using reflexology during childbirth.
Lung disease
It is unclear whether reflexology can benefit patients with lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
So far, there is not enough evidence to support the use of reflexology for treating hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.
Menstrual problems
There is some research to suggest that reflexology may relieve menstrual symptoms. Further research is necessary to reach a firm conclusion.
Multiple sclerosis
Reflexology treatment may be beneficial in the management of some motor or sensory symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Post-operative recovery
Early research suggests that reflexology may speed recover after surgery in some patients. However, patients who received reflexology also tended to have poorer quality sleep. Further research is needed to determine whether or not reflexology is helpful in post-operative recovery.
Pregnancy problems
Early studies suggest that reflexology may help with overall well being in pregnant women. However, reflexology does not appear to relieve symptoms such as bloating.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
According to early studies, weekly reflexology sessions may help reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms in the short term. Further research is necessary to reach a firm conclusion.
Early evidence suggests that reflexology may be useful for relaxation, reducing stress, or relieving anxiety concerning other medical problems or surgeries. However, it is not clear if reflexology is better than (or equal to) massage or other types of physical manipulation.
Results from early studies are not conclusive regarding the use of reflexology for sinus infections or sinus inflammation.
Swelling (leg, ankle, or foot edema)
Early research reports that reflexology is a preferred therapy in women with ankle and foot edema in late pregnancy. Further research is needed before a firm conclusion about effectiveness can be made.
Symptom relief/quality of life in cancer and palliative care patients
Foot reflexology may help manage some pain and fatigue in cancer patients. Reflexology may also reduce anxiety and improve general quality of life in cancer patients. However, reflexology may be no better than foot massage in palliative cancer care.
Urinary incontinence
Research suggests that reflexology may have beneficial effects in women with urinary incontinence. More studies are necessary to confirm the benefits of reflexology.
So far, studies have shown that reflexology is no better than placebo at treating asthma.
Disease diagnosis
Early research examining the accuracy of diagnoses made by reflexologists reports a lack of agreement between practitioners, and diagnostic inaccuracies when compared to well-accepted techniques.
Ear infections
Limited study suggests that treatment given by a reflexologist is less effective (in terms of number of ear disorders, number of antibiotic treatments, number of sickness days, and duration of ear disorders) than treatment given by a general practitioner.
*Key to grades:
A: Strong scientific evidence for this use;
B: Good scientific evidence for this use;
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use;
D: Fair scientific evidence against this use (it may not work);
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likely does not work).
For full grading rationale, click here.
Uses based on tradition or theory
The below uses are based on tradition or scientific theories. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified health care professional
Abdominal pain, acne, alcoholism, allergy (diagnosis), arthritis, breast cancer, bursitis, chest pain (non-cardiac), chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic illness, dementia, digestive disorders, eczema, elimination of blood toxins, fatigue, fibromyalgia, glandular disorders, gum inflammation, gynecologic disorders, high blood pressure, improvement of blood supply, infant development / neonatal care, insomnia, intestinal disorders, kidney stones, liver disease, neck pain, neck stiffness, pain, pancreatic disorders, paralysis, peripheral neuropathy (in HIV/AIDS), postmenopausal symptoms, postoperative nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis, "restoration" of homeostasis, sciatica, shingles (herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia), spine problems, stress-related disorders, whiplash.
Many complementary techniques are practiced by healthcare professionals with formal training, in accordance with the standards of national organizations. However, this is not universally the case, and adverse effects are possible. Due to limited research, in some cases only limited safety information is available.
- Reflexology is discouraged in patients with recent or healing foot fractures, unhealed wounds, or active gout flares affecting the foot. Patients with osteoarthritis affecting the foot or ankle, or severe vascular disease of the legs or feet, should seek a medical consultation prior to starting reflexology.
- In general, patients should inform their medical practitioners of any existing medical problems or medications. Some reflexology texts note specific conditions that theoretically may be negatively affected by this therapy, although scientific data is lacking in these areas. These conditions include diabetes, heart disease or the presence of a pacemaker, unstable blood pressure, cancer, active infections, past episodes of fainting (syncope), mental illness, gallstones, or kidney stones.
- Caution is advised in pregnant women, due to reports that rigorous stimulation of the feet may lead to uterine contractions.
- Reflexology should not delay diagnosis or treatment with more proven techniques or therapies.
- This information is based on a professional level monograph edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
Selected References
Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.
- Bamigboye AA, Smyth R. Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD001066.
- Bennedbaek O, Viktor J, Carlsen KS, et al. [Infants with colic. A heterogeneous group possible to cure? Treatment by pediatric consultation followed by a study of the effect of zone therapy on incurable colic]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;163(27):3773-3778.
- Bosiger C. Vacuflex reflexology study shows the system is successful in clearing back pain. J Altern Comp Med 1989;7(8):25-26.
- Botting D. Review of the literature on the effectiveness of reflexology. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 1997;3(5):123-130.
- Brygge T, Heinig JH, Collins P, et al. Reflexology and bronchial asthma. Respir Med 2001;95(3):173-179.
- Carpenter JS, Neal JG. Other complementary and alternative medicine modalities: acupuncture, magnets, reflexology, and homeopathy. Am J Med 2005 Dec 19;118 Suppl 12B:109-17.
- Ernst E, Koder K. An overview of reflexology. Eur J Gen Practice 1997; 3:52-57.
- Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir H. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Clin Nurs 2007 Apr;16(4):777-85.
- Hayes J, Cox C. Immediate effects of a five-minute foot massage on patients in critical care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 1999;15(2):77-82.
- Hodgson H. Does reflexology impact on cancer patients' quality of life? Nurs Stand 2000;14(31):33-38.
- Kohara H, Miyauchi T, Suehiro Y, et al. Combined modality treatment of aromatherapy, footsoak, and reflexology relieves fatigue in patients with cancer. J Palliat Med 2004 Dec;7(6):791-6.
- Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5(3):57-65.
- Oleson T, Flocco W. Randomized controlled study of premenstrual symptoms treated with ear, hand, and foot reflexology. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82(6):906-911.
- Siev-Ner I, Gamus D, Lerner-Geva L, et al. Reflexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled study (abstract). 4th Annual Symposium on Complementary Healthcare, Exeter England, December 10-12, 1997 (reprinted in: Focus Altern Complement Ther 1997;2:196).
- Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27(1):67-72.


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The Alimak elevator is the perfect solution for underground as well as aboveground mining industry applications, such as pelletising plants, smelters, concentrators, and other ore processing plants.
The main wire rope hoist is suitable for carrying heavy loads at relatively fast speeds and is the primary means of vertical access for men and materials in an underground mine. Alimak rack and pinion elevators are ideally suited for providing the secondary, emergency vertical access required by mine safety regulations.
Alimak elevators are also used to provide a simple and economical means of connecting different levels further out in the tunnel system and for transporting men and material between the levels and the stopes. The elevator can be installed easily, and the cost is moderate because no machine room is needed.
At crushing plants, where the operator has to control feeders, bins, conveyors, etc., which are installed at different levels, the Alimak elevator may offer the best solution for rapid movement between levels.
Alimak also supports in the construction of mining facilities with temporary vertical access solutions.
Case study
Customer profitability
In a 'time is money' world, we ensure customers get materials and personnel transported higher, faster and safer.


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DARK SHADOWS: New Yorkers are not used to seeing City Council speaker and presumptive mayoral front-runner Christine Quinn playing the glamour puss. So New York magazine's cover this week was bound to cause a strong reaction.
Quinn is shot in key light, her round face perfectly framed by an immaculate bob and the raised collar of her black jacket, shooting a devastating come-hither look straight ahead.
This story first appeared in the January 30, 2013 issue of WWD. Subscribe Today.
On Tuesday, the New York Post delivered the inevitable zinger: "Mayor Dracula," read the paper's front page. "Queen of Goth-am" was the headline online.
The image was not the result of Quinn's campaign seeking to soften her image, said New York photo director Jody Quon. The magazine set the tone for the shoot from the start. "We wanted to capture Christine in a way she'd never been seen before. We wanted her more stylized, more glamorous. Not so much so that she would be so different that you wouldn't recognize her," Quon said. "A little more polished, a little more camera-ready."
Quon chose fashion photographer Ruven Afanador to shoot the cover, and assigned another photographer, Pari Dukovic, to follow Quinn around for the inside photos that would accompany the Jonathan Van Meter-penned profile.
Quon and Afanador agreed Quinn's red hair would be a central focus of the image. Quinn brought her own hairstylist, as well as some of her own clothing. The black coat that ended up on the cover, however, belonged to New York. Quon did not know the brand.
Quon said the speaker's team was completely in support of the styling and the shoot.
"They were there every step of the way. Everyone was moving towards the same goal. It was kind of a lovefest," she said.
Quinn told the Post: "I was hoping that I would look pretty and thin, not particularly jowly, which is how I usually look in pictures. I wasn't in any shape or form managing the photo shoot."
Asked by WWD if the photo made the speaker look like a Bond villain or a femme fatale, Quon disagreed.
"A woman wearing a black coat with a collar up does not connote femme fatale. It's an old-fashioned view of what really is a professional woman looking very elegant. Men have a very different view when it comes to something like this," she said.
And if it stands out on the newsstand, all the better. "We wanted to make a very memorable and arresting cover. This is what we thought was the best way to do that," Quon said.


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If you ever have someone breathing down your neck. You need to have a few good blockers. Or at least one great one. And I am not talking about the gridiron. I am talking about the office...
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
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Sandy Dahl, whose husband Captain Jason Dahl died on 9/11 while piloting United Flight 93, was found dead in her Colorado home on Saturday. Jefferson County Deputy Coroner Carl Blesch has said that there were no indications of foul play and that Dahl died in her sleep of "natural causes" at age 52.
After her husband's death, Dahl worked to help create and maintain the Dahl Fund, which gave scholarship money to aspiring pilots in order to help them pay for commercial flight training school. Family friend David Dosch, who also works at the scholarship fund, said that her death has came as a complete surprise.


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Paramedic Entrance Exam
The entrance exam for the Alabama Fire College Paramedic Program is used as an evaluation tool to determine if a students' previous education has provided them with the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to successful complete the rigorous demands of the Paramedic curricula. The entrance exam contains more than 100 items, is designed to illicit knowledge, evaluate comprehension, and determine if the student can analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information. Typical completion times are between 60-90 minutes.
The entrance exam assesses six topics, which were agreed upon by a national committee of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) instructors. The topics include:
Call Student Services at (800)241-2467 to schedule your test.
Click here to return to the Paramedic Program page


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If you don't have a system that gets you 15-25 Google patient reviews or YouTube videos from your best patients bragging about you, you're losing money to the competition, period.
Chicago IL (PRWEB) April 25, 2013
Graig Presti CEO of LocalSearchForDentists.com has developed a new internet dental marketing system by studying the internet marketing gurus after he completed his MBA program. It involves a patient Google review system, YouTube videos and keyword research; this is where most dentists fail miserably. According to Presti "If you don't have a system that gets you 15-25 Google patient reviews or YouTube videos from your best patients bragging about you, you're losing money to the competition, period."
Every new patient comes from the Internet dental marketing. It doesn't matter if dentists advertise using radio, direct mail, billboards, television, or internal referral campaigns. What is the first thing a patient is going to do when they are referred to a practice or see an advertisement for the practice? Patients are going to Google the dentist's name and the name of the dental practice. Patients are going to figure out if they are legitimate and if anyone has anything good or bad to say about the practice. Patients are going to read the online reviews, and will look at any videos related to the practice, and will read what others say about the practice. Patients want to feel cozy and warm before they pick up that phone to call for an appointment. The bottom line is, if dentists don't have good presence on the internet, the dental practice is not going to get a bump from their advertising campaign. All advertising campaigns need to be done in conjunction with a strong internet presence. The internet impacts every portion of a dental practice. The Internet holds the 'keys to the kingdom.' The web in general holds the key to future success. If dentists do it right, dental practices can dramatically increase patient flow.
Graig Presti, founder and CEO of LocalSearchForDentists.com, reviews and is a leading marketing authority who works with dental practices around the world, helping them leverage the Internet so they can generate more phone calls, more new patients, and more profit into their practice consistently, month after month. Presti specializes in helping dental practices dominate their local area by using proven local Internet dental marketing techniques. He has mastered the art of generating a flood of new patients into dental offices by helping them dominate the top local search engines like Google, Yahoo and Bing. Presti contends, if a dental practice is not on the search engine's first page for all of the cities a practice serves, dentists are missing out on business, and just as important, their competitors are getting new business every day that could be theirs.
According to Presti, now is the time for dental practices to get their business listed and take advantage of the growing numbers of people using local search to find dental care and services. Presti states, "Statistics show that somewhere in the neighborhood of 86% of households does some kind of search for a local product or service on a daily basis. As a business, dentists need to go where the customers are looking and buying. There is clear evidence that the internet has turned local. Statistically, 80% of Americans' income is being spent within fifty miles of their homes and a successful local internet marketing strategy is imperative to a business' success." Presti has proven countless times that he has discovered the recipe for success to getting dental practices to rank highly on local searches in their area.
Presti has undoubtedly established himself as a leading expert in his field and is a frequent featured speaker at dental conferences and other venues. He is the author of three reports that are made available to his clients to help them understand how they can increase their web presence. Because of his contribution to his industry and his outstanding business success, Presti is being featured as one of the leading Champions of Health, Wealth and Success in Newsweek Magazine. Additional information about Presti and LocalSearchForDentists.com reviews can be found at http://www.LocalSearchForDentists.com and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWOkmHRoRpU


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NASA's final Shuttle mission of 1998 came to an end this evening with the landing of Space Shuttle Endeavour at Kennedy Space Center. Following a 4.6 million mile journey, STS-88 Commander Bob Cabana guided the orbiter down onto runway 15 with landing gear touchdown occurring at 9:54 p.m. CST.
While weather forecasts in the final days of the mission had indicated that rain showers might delay the astronauts return, the weather cleared, allowing Entry Flight Director John Shannon to give a "go" for the deorbit burn which occurred at 8:46 p.m. CST.
Tonight's landing at KSC marked the 10th night landing in the history of the Shuttle program. It was also the 17th straight landing at Kennedy Space Center and the 24th in the last 25 Shuttle missions to land at the Florida spaceport.
While Endeavour is back on firm ground, 246 miles above, the new International Space Station continues to orbit with all systems functioning normally. The current orientation of the ISS has the Unity module facing the Earth and the Zarya module facing deep space. The station is also in a slow rotation at one revolution every 30 minutes to maintain the proper heating and cooling. The next shuttle assembly mission to the station is STS-96, scheduled for launch aboard Discovery in May.
Cabana and his crewmates, Pilot Rick Sturckow, Mission Specialists Nancy Currie, Jim Newman, Jerry Ross and Sergei Krikalev will remain in Florida until Thursday morning when they are scheduled to return to Houston. The STS-88 crew are scheduled to land at Ellington Field, near the Johnson Space Center at approximately 10:30 a.m. CST where they will be welcomed home with a crew return ceremony.


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Call us today before 2 p.m. & we'll be to your home promptly for McAllen flea control & McAllen flea extermination service. Call now for a free quote.
Fleas are very tiny creatures, the adults average 1/8th of an inch in size. They have a flat body from side to side, with piercing mouths that help them in sucking blood. Fleas are often confused with bed bugs, lice and ticks. However, fleas are reddish brown to black in appearance, and they are also wingless.
Fleas feed on blood, and a flea can live without a blood meal for 100 days. A female flea can lay 2,000 eggs in her lifetime, quickly leading to flea infestation problems. Animals that live in your home, like dogs and cats, can easily bring fleas into your house. Fleas live on pets, in carpets, in sofas, and in or on other household and farm goods. In a typical room, 5 percent of the fleas will be found on pets, 10 percent flea cocoons in the carpets, 35 percent flea larvae and 50 percent flea eggs, again in the carpets. This can make it difficult for DIY flea removal. Don't delay giving us a call as flea infestations only get worse with time. We can schedule one of our licensed professionals to provide you with a free inspection estimate and educate you about flea treatment and McAllen flea control.
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Your home is your largest investment. Let Fox Pest Control protect it against pests in McAllen!
Fox Pest Control is a McAllen locally operated company; we take pride in servicing the community that we live in. We value your time, so when you call we'll schedule an inspection or service time that is convenient for you.
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Fox Pest Control provides a zero obligation free inspection and estimate in McAllen. Our technicians will take the time and care to thoroughly explain the treatment options best suited for your particular problem. Our professional service is convenient as well as effective.


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ESSAYS ON BARGAINING GAMES by Yusuf Ertas A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ECONOMICS) December 2012 Copyright 2012 Yusuf Ertas
Object Description
|Essays on bargaining games
|Ertas, Yusuf
|Author email
|Doctor of Philosophy
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|Degree program
|College of Letters, Arts And Sciences
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|Wilkie, Simon J.
|Advisor (committee member)
Cheng, Harrison
Border, Kim C.
|This dissertation is centered around bargaining games. I study both the cooperative and the non-cooperative approaches to the bargaining games. The two chapters of my dissertation deal with each of these approaches. ❧ Coming back to the bargaining problem; in the first chapter of this dissertation, I study two related but separate questions on a cooperative bargaining problem. I will give a brief historical background to explain the first question I tackle. Nash (1950) characterized a solution for bargaining problems in terms of four simple axioms. Later research showed that when the disagreement point in the analysis is replaced with an infeasible ideal point, there is no solution that can be characterized with the axioms that are counterparts to the ones used in Nash's approach. One way to deal with this problem is suggested by Conley, McLean, and Wilkie (forthcoming). Instead of using independence from affine transformations, their characterization of the Nash solution employs a property that guarantees proportional gains from an endogenous disagreement point. Then, the same property is used to characterize another solution when the endogenous disagreement point is replaced by an infeasible ideal point. That is, the corresponding property guarantees proportional losses from this ideal point. I extend their characterization to weighted bargaining games by a simple modification of their proportional loss property. ❧ In the second part of the paper, I tweak Nash's original proof to characterize solutions that are independent under common scale transformations. This weakening of the independence from affine transformations is required since we know that there is no solution that satisfies it along with other nice properties under the ideal point approach. Then, instead of showing that the Nash solution can be obtained in the entire domain from the solution of a symmetric set, I show that any solution that satisfies independence under common scale transformations can be obtained from the solutions of a certain class of hyperplanes. ❧ In the second chapter of this dissertation, I look at the bargaining problem from the non-cooperative side. I provide results that extend and complement Yildiz (2003). Yildiz studies bargaining games without a common prior; that is, games where players have subjective beliefs about their probabilities of getting selected at each period. This departs from the original alternating offers games where such selection procedures are strict. Assuming no learning and transferable utility, he shows that as long as both players are optimistic for long enough, they will reach an agreement immediately. Intuitively, players will reach an agreement immediately if both of them are highly optimistic, since their expectations about rents in future periods are so low that they settle immediately. Another key result from his work is that players will also reach an immediate agreement if the drop in optimism from one period to the next is within certain bounds. This second result does not require high optimism. ❧ By relaxing the transferable utility assumption, I study the effects of risk aversion on bargaining games without common priors. I find that it takes a higher level of optimism (as compared with transferable utility) to reach an immediate agreement as the agents get more risk averse. Intuitively, risk aversion means higher rents in future periods, which will make immediate agreement a less attractive option. This is in line with Yildiz's findings. Also, I show that the bound required for immediate agreement as mentioned in the above paragraph is strictly narrower than the transferable utility case. In fact, I am currently trying to show that immediate agreement is only reached at constant levels of optimism as the agents get more and more risk averse.
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|ESSAYS ON BARGAINING GAMES by Yusuf Ertas A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ECONOMICS) December 2012 Copyright 2012 Yusuf Ertas


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Mets, MLB invest in FirstStepNYC to enrich community
NEW YORK -- By the end of all the All-Star festivities, the Mets and MLB will have invested $5 million into the community.
The league and the host club of this year's Midsummer Classic have hopped around New York, reaching out and having an effect in communities throughout the city.
It all concluded on Tuesday, at PS 41 elementary school in Brooklyn, where the Mets, MLB and the city of New York unveiled a renovated outdoor space in the courtyard of the elementary school to be used by the students, grades K-8, and the FirstStepNYC program that will begin at the school in the fall.
"There is nothing more important to us than investing in the youth of our country," said Tim Brosnan, the executive vice president of business for MLB. "Again, we consider it a privilege to partner with the mayor and the Mets to help out this program."
Brosnan was joined on stage by Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Mets COO Jeff Wilpon as they officially unveiled the new-look courtyard and the establishment of the FirstStepNYC program that provides early childhood services for at-risk children ages 5 and younger. The new courtyard, which was constructed with the assistance of Magical Builders and Scotts Miracle-Gro, has a floor cushioned with a protected surface, a green area for gardening, space for science activities and a literacy corner.
The school's principal, Terri Siegel, beamed in the front row of the press conference as the upgrades to her school's facilities were announced. She sat between Sharon Robinson, daughter of legendary Brooklyn Dodger Jackie Robinson, and former Mets catcher Barry Lyons, who were also on hand for the ceremony.
But as much as the ceremony celebrated this specific achievement, it celebrated the accomplishments of a week of hard work from the Mets and MLB. Mayor Bloomberg was the first to speak.
"It's a hot day," he began, "but it's also an exciting one."
He touched on the project at hand, but also discussed the importance of having the All-Star Game in New York.
"We always talk about these events to bring in tourism," he said, "but what about making sure that the people that live here and pay the taxes are happy?"
Those are people like Siegel and the students at PS 41. They are the living, breathing examples of what an event like the All-Star Game brings to New York. Yes, it gives outsiders a chance to see and experience New York, but it also sparks excitement for the locals, like the $300,000 donation made by the Mets and MLB on Tuesday.
Next was Wilpon, whose message was simple, but on a sweltering 90-degree day it was his goal: He got his point across in few words.
"Congratulations, principal," Wilpon said, addressing Siegel. "Use it well, and I hope the kids enjoy it."
The mayor was asked about how the weather would affect Tuesday's game for both the players and the fans, but he insisted it would not be an issue. He again urged fans to take public transportation, even with Monday's snafu on the 7 train -- he's taking it to the game himself.
But this was still a joyous occasion. He wasn't all business.
"I am not starting tonight," he said with a grin, "but I will be available if they need me."
He can joke now. His week finished with another successful event.


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Bodum® Chambord® French Press 12 cup
Come enjoy a cup of silky, full-bodied coffee from our classy Chambord® French Presses and taste the difference. Designed in the fifties and still produced with the same meticulous craftsmanship, these little masterworks will illuminate how profoundly the preparation method can enhance your coffee's flavor profile and complexity. These presses exhibit the practical, sleek design of the definitive Chambord® French Press and come in a 12 cup and 8 cup size. If you're not familiar with French Press coffee, this is the key to getting the most out of your coffee at home. Try it yourself, or score some points with your loved ones by making a "just because" gift ;).
Write Your Own Review


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Sep 26, 2020
The dress is so great. Thank you for the amazing dresses.
Sep 16, 2020
The color is amazing!!! I will say it seems a little small but the quality is amazing! Very impressed!
May 05, 2020
For the price, I can't complain too much. I ordered the smallest size, but it was still too big. Not a big deal, alterations were made. My biggest worry was that the buttons were cheap plastic material that broke the first time I unclasped them. Other than that, the dress material was great quality, the color was true, and it was extremely comfortable. I would recommend getting this dress, but be prepared to visit a seamstress when it comes in. Overall, I loved it and it was perfect for the prom queen!
Apr 16, 2020
The dress was so beautiful!!I felt like a princess. So many compliments .The quality was very good and beautifully designed. I will purchase my wedding dress from here in the near future. The dress came before the time given. Talk about quality .
Apr 12, 2020
I love this dress! It arrived sooner than expected, and it was made exactly the way i had hoped it would be. Only downside I didn't expect was that my lower hips were wider and i didn't take that measurement in to consideration. But all in all they did a wonderful and beautiful job making my dress! the mistake was on my part and not theirs. I LOVE THIS DRESS!!!!!!
Apr 09, 2020
This dress is beautiful very much what the picture looks like. I had an issue with the size and bust but other than that it was perfect !
Apr 01, 2020
The quality of the material is absolutely phenomenal. I ordered the dress on the bigger side because I was unsure of the quality that I would receive, but everything was perfect, just needs minor adjustments. Thank you Lala Mira for such a great dress.
Mar 28, 2020
it was so pretty it fit my body type so well i got so many comments on how amazing it looked on me. I felt like a princess!
Mar 26, 2020
Perfect measurements and absolutely stunning!
Mar 22, 2020
The dress came earlyer to me and It is amazing!!! No regret! And the price is really low!! Love it!!
Mar 11, 2020
Love it
Mar 06, 2020
i became a princess (:
Feb 01, 2020
Pretty dresses Hoped purity
Jan 25, 2020
Ordered this dress for my daughter to wear at her boyfriends prom (before lockdown and event was cancelled) Arrived in three weeks with ALL the customization request. She is 4'10 and busty. I measured her and they made it fit to perfection. We will be ordering more from lalamira for sure!
Jan 19, 2020
Nicely made. Very Beautiful!
Jan 19, 2020
Felt lovely! Many compliments no complaints!
Jan 17, 2020
I was not too sure given their reviews but the dress arrived promptly . Besides a few fixes my mom had to do ( shoulder sticking and side lining since it die not have much lining on the side as shown in their pic ) the dress looked awesome. Wore it for my engagement.
Dec 09, 2019
.....but so THRILLED. This is the second dress I have purchased from lalamira. I thought I just got lucky with the first, but the second is even more beautiful. Materials and craftmanship are perfect! So pleased. Seriously! We did custom size and dress fit perfectly. Love this place
Dec 07, 2019
I loved my dress, I wasn't sure about my size so I order it a little bigger and got it tailored when it came. I love how they were able to make the dress exactly how I wanted it.
Nov 09, 2019
Loved this dress so much. I had mine altered as I did not want as much cleavage. But the dress is beautifully made and the fabric is gorgeous. It was the perfect length using my measurements.
Oct 10, 2019
I ordered this dress for my senior prom last year. I've been meaning to post a review. It was absolutely beautiful, the measurements were spot on, the color was vibrant, and it arrived right on time. I highly recommend this dress.
Sep 24, 2019
Dress came out very beautiful I LOVE IT !
Sep 19, 2019
The dress is gorgeous, just the same as picture, everyone say it's beautiful, like it so much, will purchase again, and recommend it to my friends.
Sep 09, 2019
I had to do minor alterations to the sleeves of this dress but it was exactly what I wanted and will be ordering another soon
Aug 26, 2019
I used it as my sweet sixteen dress and required minor alterations but was amazing
Aug 26, 2019
Got this dress in gold for my daughters senior prom. We couldn't have been happier.
Aug 25, 2019
Beautiful dress! So beautiful very well made except for the beading. The beads seem to be glued on not sewed on and I have lost 5 since I opened the bag this afternoon
Aug 18, 2019
I love the dress. It arrived in about 3 weeks. It is very good quality and color. I had to make a few adjustments, but it looks really good.
Aug 15, 2019
I was a little hesitant but thank God for the reviews!!! I got this dress in white for my wedding and it was absolutely beautiful, I had to get it hemmed a little only because I lost weight. But it was absolutely beautiful!!!! I will be ordering again soon!!!!
Aug 12, 2019
I was a bit scared to buy online but I trusted lalamira and all the reviews. I truly recommend this particular dress! Great quality and I received a lot of compliments! I was satisfied with my purchase and will definitely buy more dresses from lalamira:)
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You've contributed to the Purim shuttle of every tzedakah organization in town. You've sent out "in lieu of" cards to friends and in-laws. But there still remain those few individuals to whom you just want to give something more personal, not to mention the actual mitzvah of mishloach manos! You want to be creative – but not too creative, spend money – but not too much. Here are two ideas for unique, easy and elegant mishloach manos, one sweet and one savory.
Sweet Mishloach Manos
Please go to www.chefstools.com to see their Bella Couture cupcake wrappers. They are beautiful ways to decorate the (no longer lowly) cupcake. We're putting our sweet meringue nuts inside this pink and brown version: http://www.cheftools.com/Bella-Cupcake-Couture-Cupcake-Wrappers-Pink-Hannah-12-Pack/productinfo/08-0672/
We putting them atop a brown and pink striped box from nashvillewraps : find them in our SHOP
filled with mini nutella swirl pound cakes. A ribbon is attached to the box. Tie some pink and brown stick candy to the ribbon and voila.
Sweet Meringue Nuts
4 cups toasted pecans
2 cups toasted almonds
½ cup (1 stick) margarine
2 large egg whites
1 cup sugar
Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Place margarine on a rimmed baking sheet and put in oven to melt. Beat egg whites until stiff peaks form. Gradually beat in sugar. Gently stir the nuts into the beaten egg white mixture. Evenly spread the nut mixture on the baking sheet with the melted margarine. Bake for 30 minutes, stirring every 10 to make sure that the margarine is evenly distributed – until all margarine has been absorbed and the meringue is golden. Remove from oven and cool completely. Keeps for 1 week in an airtight container.
Nutella-Swirl Pound Cake (Pareve or Dairy)
Adapted from original recipe by Lauren Chattman author of Cake Keeper Cakes
I use the pareve chocolate spread instead of Nutella to make this pareve. Either way it is delicious.
1 ½ cups flour,
4 eggs, at room temperature
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
¾ teaspoon baking powder
¼ teaspoon salt
2 sticks unsalted margarine, or butter, softened
1 ¼ cups sugar
1 13-ounce jar of Nutella or 13 ounces of Pareve Chocolate spread (the pareve spread may need to be softened in the microwave to spread like nutella does. Heat in 20 second intervals, until spreadable but not cooked)
Preheat the oven to 325. Spray a 9 x 5 inch loaf pan or 6 2 x4 inch mini loaf pans with non-stick spray. In a glass measuring cup lightly beat the eggs with the vanilla. In a medium bowl, whisk the 1 ½ cups of flour with the baking powder and salt.
In a large bowl, using a mixer beat the margarine with the sugar at medium speed until fluffy about 3 minutes. With the mixer at medium-low speed, gradually beat in the egg mixture until incorporated. Add the flour mixture in 3 batches, beating at low speed between additions. Continue to beat for 30 seconds longer.
Spread one –third of the batter in the pan, then spread half of the Nutella or chocolate cream on top. Repeat with another third of the batter and the remaining Chocolate cream or Nutella. Top with remaining batter. Lightly swirl the chocolate cream into the batter with a knife. Do not over mix.
Bake the cake for about 1 hour. (Smaller cakes will require about 40 minutes). Cool the cake in the pan for 15 minutes.
Savory Mishloach Manos
Use any easy and inexpensive basket. Fill it with natural looking raffia or tissue. Add long bread sticks or purchased gourmet crackers. Make any combination of these items to impress and delight your friends.
Infused Olive oils: Rosemary, Basil, or Lemon http://www.surlatable.com/product/id/124872.do?mr:trackingCode=4B62AEDC-D781-DE11-B7F3-0019B9C043EB&mr:referralID=NA#
Marinated Olives
Kalamata Olive Tapenade
Italian Wine, Chianti, or Other fruity wine
To purchase the bottles go to www.surlatable.com
Set of 4 are $24.95
Or for beautiful smaller bottles with a pour spout, go to www.hubert.com
Rosemary-Infused Olive Oil
1/2 cup olive oil
3 fresh rosemary sprigs (each 5 inches long)
In small saucepan, combine oil & rosemary. Cook over low heat until a thermometer reaches 180 F, about 5 minutes. Remove and let cool to room temp. Transfer the sprigs to a bottle, then add the oil. Seal and refrigerate up to 1 month
Basil Oil
1 1/2 cups (packed) fresh basil leaves
3/4 cup olive oil
Blanch basil in medium saucepan of boiling water 10 seconds.
Drain. Rinse under cold water. Pat basil dry with paper towels. Transfer to blender. Add oil; puree until smooth. Transfer to small bowl. Season with salt and pepper. (Can be made 3 days ahead. Cover and chill. Let stand at room temperature for 30 minutes before using.)
Lemon and Bay Leaf Infused Olive Oil
1 large fresh lemon
1 cup extra virgin olive oil
1 fresh bay leaf
¼ teaspoon whole peppercorns
Wash the lemon thoroughly and dry well. Pour the olive oil into a small heavy saucepan. Using a zester and working directly over the pan, remove the zest from the lemon, letting it fall into the oil. Add the bay leaf and peppercorns. Heat the oil over medium-low heat until a candy thermometer reaches 200 degrees. Cook at 200 degrees for 10 minutes. Remove from heat and let cool slightly. Transfer the oil mixture to clean sterilized bottles. Cover and store at room temperature for up to 2 months.
Citrus-Marinated Olives
1 1/2 cups Kalamata olives or other brine-cured black olives
1 1/2 cups cracked brine-cured green olives
1 cup olive oil
1/4 cup chopped fresh cilantro
1/4 cup fresh lemon juice
1/4 cup orange juice
6 large garlic cloves, thinly sliced
3 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
1 tablespoon grated lemon peel
1 tablespoon grated orange peel
1/2 teaspoon dried crushed red pepper
Combine all ingredients in large heavy-duty resealable plastic bag.
Shake bag to blend ingredients. Refrigerate at least 1 day and up to 3 days, turning bag occasionally. Transfer olives and some marinade to bowl. Let stand 1 hour at room temperature before serving. Serve at room temperature or warm.
Olive Tapenade
Adapted from a recipe by Emeril Lagasse,
3/4 pound pitted Kalamata olives
3 to 4 ounces capers, drained and rinsed
2 anchovy fillets, drained, rinsed and patted dry (optional)
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
1 bay leaf, finely chopped
4 sprigs fresh thyme, leaves finely chopped
3 tablespoons chopped parsley
1/8 teaspoon crushed red pepper
1/2 lemon, juiced
1 teaspoon red wine vinegar
1 tablespoon cognac or brandy
1/2 cup good quality extra-virgin olive oil
Combine all ingredients in the bowl of a food processor and pulse to combine well, then allow to process until mixture is coarsely pureed. Taste for seasoning, then serve as a dip alongside crusty bread, grilled vegetables or chicken, or tossed with cooked pasta and fresh herbs.


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Net Price Calculator
The net price calculator will allow you to estimate your cost of attendance and potential eligibility for financial aid and scholarships. Even if you are not quite ready to apply for college younger students and their parents may use this for an early view of what is available now.
If you are ready to apply for college please remember that there are some additional steps you will still need to complete in order to receive financial aid. You will need to complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This will allow you to send your actual financial data to the college(s) of your choice so that they may process awards for you. You can complete the application online at www.studentaid.gov.
It is important to remember that the calculator is designed to give new students an early idea of financial aid eligibility and that the information in the calculator does not apply to returning or continuing students. As you use the calculator please remember the following:
- The results will only be as good as the data you provide.
- This is not an application for actual financial aid or scholarships.
- This is an estimate; federal, state and institutional aid can and will change so contact the office for more information at the time of starting the official financial aid process.
The estimate provided using this net price calculator does not represent a final determination, or actual award, of financial assistance. The price of attendance and financial aid availability may change. This estimate shall not be binding on the Secretary of Education, this institution of higher education or the state in which this institution of higher education is located. Students must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in order to be eligible for, and receive, an actual financial aid award that may include federal grants, loans or work-study assistance. For more information on applying for federal student aid, please go to studentaid.gov.


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KET Fast Forward Study At Home - Floyd County
Listing Last Update: March 13, 2014
LocationAll cities and towns in
Floyd County, KY 41653 www.ket.org/gedstudy
Primary Contact
You may use the contact information above to reach out to the program
or call 1-877-389-6874 for more help.
Share great news about this program here (e.g., This program helped me improve my skills and start a new job!)
Program Status:


text:
I have successfully called "token" and I think I have added the value to the Header.
Code: Select all
var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://json.schedulesdirect.org/20141201/status");
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
httpWebRequest.UserAgent = SDData.userAgent;
httpWebRequest.Headers.Add("token", SDData.token.token);
var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
I am experienced in .NET but this is my first time calling a JSON interface.
Any help would be appreciated, thanks.


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Project Bright
~ tor
Published by tor
Tor is a freelance Makeup Artist in the Philippines. His work can be seen around the Southeast Asian Region in countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Tor loves traveling on a budget and backpacking in different countries. Life is bringing out the TRAVELER in him. View all posts by tor


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Paragliding package pokhara Nepal
Paragliding categorizes the one of the best activity of pokhara Nepal where you have chances to fly like a birds. Scenic pokhara valley, Annapurna and Fishtail(Machhapuchre) panoromic scenery at the norhtern horizon of pokhara where is blue sky at the top. There are half an hours and 1 hours Paragliding package in pokhara. Sharankot is the Paragliding famous paragliding spot in Nepal pokhara valley. Peaceful phewa lake, Beautiful pokhara valley, world peace stupa are other best views from the sky of paragliding.
Paragliding package itinerary :
1. Pick up from hotel in pokhara where you stay after inspection the good air and weather.Then drive to Sharankot.
2. Then, instruction by the Paragliding pilot then Fly to the pokhara Sky.
3. After finished or landing paragliding drop your location.
Pricing and cost of paragliding:
$100 per person for half an hours
$200 per person for 1 hours package.
There are two cost of the paragliding, paragliding with video or paragliding without video. Paragliding with video cost Rs. 10200 per person. Without video it cost Rs. 8500 Nepalese rupees.
See also, Do you know Tibet in Nepal? where exotic and orginal culture more than tibet that is the part of the mustang region of Nepal. Can you imagive the tibet outside the boundary of the Tibet? Upper mustang trekking , the best tea house trekking in Nepal in the restrication areas of the Nepal. we manage restrication areas , permit and best package for your family, freind holidays trek in Nepal.
Hirring a best trekking Guide in Nepal who helps you about the info , culture geography in Nepal. Book a trekking guide in Nepal in a cheap prices.