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Tillie Olsen's Life
Constance Coiner
Tillie Olsen's parents, Samuel and Ida Lerner, who were never formally married, were Jewish immigrants. They participated in the abortive 1905 Russian revolution, and, after Samuel escaped from a Czarist prison, fled to the United States. They settled first on a Nebraska farm; when it failed about five years later, they moved to Omaha. Despite laboring long hours as a farmer, packinghouse worker, painter, and paperhanger, Samuel Lerner became State Secretary of the Nebraska Socialist Party and ran in the mid-twenties as the socialist candidate for state representative from his district (Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 375). Ida Lerner, who was illiterate until her twenties, was one of the people who inspired the highly acclaimed "Tell Me a Riddle." The strong bonds she had with her mother, Olsen has said, "are part of what made me a revolutionary writer" (Rosenfelt interview). Olsen's conviction that capitalism blights human development, which she has often expressed in relation to the enormous potential evinced by young children, originated in the painful witnessing of her mother's deformation.
If you [could see] my mother's handwriting, [in] one of the few letters she ever wrote me ... she could not spell, she could scarcely express herself, she did not have written language. Yet she was one of the most eloquent and one of the most brilliant . . . human beings Ive ever known, and I've encountered a variety of human beings in recent years, some of whom have a lot of standing in the world. (interview)
When Olsen was 11 or 12, Ida Lerner wrote the following letter to her English instructor:
2512 Caldwell Street
Omaha, Nebraska
December 10, 1924
Dear Teacher:
I am glad to study with ardor but the children wont let me, they go to bed late so it makes me tired, and I cant do my lessons. It is after ten o'clock my head dont work it likes to have rest. But I am in a sad mood I am sitting in the warm house and feel painfull that winter claps in to my heart. I see the old destroyed houses of the people from the old country. I hear the wind blow through them with the disgusting cry why the poor creatures ignore him, dont protest against him, that souless wind dont no, that they are helpless have no material to repair the houses and no clothes to cover up their bodies, and so the sharp wind echo cry falls on the window, and the windows original sing with silver-ball tears seeing all the poor shivering creatures dressed in rags with frozen fingers and feverish hungry eyes.
It is told of the olden days, the people of that time were building a tower, when they were on the point of success for some reason they stopped to understand each other and on account of misunderstanding, their hopes and very lives were buried under the tower they had built. So as a human being who carries responsibility for action I think as a duty to the community we shall try to understand each other. This English class helps us to understand each other, not to feel helpless between our neighbors, serves to get more respect from the people around us. We are human beings trying to understand, we learn about the world, people and our surroundings. This class teaches us to understand each other and brings better order in the every day life of the community.
Moreover, Ida Lerner "was very conscious of the situation of women." Olsen remembers in particular a photograph of a statue--featuring a woman on all fours with an infant "chained" to her breast--that her mother had clipped from a leftist journal (interview).
In her adult life, Olsen saw her mother only three times. They were separated by a continent, "by lack of means," and by Olsen's jobs and responsibility to her own children. Ida Lerner, who "had no worldly goods to leave," nevertheless left her daughter "an inexhaustible legacy," Olsen writes, a "heritage of summoning resources to make--out of song, food, warmth, expressions of human love--courage, hope, resistance, belief; this vision of universality, before the lessenings, harms, divisions of the world are visited upon it" (Mother 263-264).
Olsen's birth was not recorded, although she has determined that she was born either near Mead or in Omaha, Nebraska, in either 1912 or 1913 (however, her father once declared: "You was born in Wahoo, Nebraska" [interview]). Olsen has compared the harsh conditions on their Nebraska farm to those depicted in the film Heartland, which was based on letters written by a turn-of-the-century woman homesteader, concluding, "It's difficult to conceive how hard those women worked" (interview). In her family, as she reported to Erika Duncan, "economic struggle was constant. There was never a time when she was not doing something 'to help the family out economically." As a 10-year-old, for example, Olsen had to work shelling peanuts after school (209).
But the political commitment and activism of her socialist parents provided a rich dimension to her upbringing. "It was a rich childhood from the standpoint of ideas," she insists (quoted in Duncan 209). Like Le Sueur, Olsen was profoundly influenced at an early age by the message and the rhetorical skills of socialist orators, some of whom stayed in her home while attending meetings in Omaha (Duncan 209). Like Le Sueur, Olsen particularly remembers admiring Eugene Debs. Both writers recall their excitement as children when Debs gave them affection and when they were chosen to present him with red roses at one of his speaking engagements.
The second oldest of six children, Olsen was burdened with the care of younger siblings, and "she remembers from an early age that sense of never having enough time" and solitude that "has haunted her most of her life, that sense of most women and her own mother feeling starved for time" (Duncan 210). It was only because she was often sick that she had any opportunity to read, although her parents could not afford to buy books (Olsen first saw a home library when, as a teenager, she worked for a Radcliffe graduate) (Rosenfelt interview). But she read "old revolutionary pamphlets" and journals she found lying "around the house," including The Liberator, a socialist journal of art and politics edited by Max Eastman; The Comrade, which published international revolutionary literature; and Modern Quarterly, a nonsectarian Marxist journal that "denied the distinction between intellectual and worker and between pure art and propaganda" (Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 376-377; Duncan 209; Aaron 323). The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of Social Protest (1915), edited by Upton Sinclair and introduced by Jack London, also influenced Olsen as a child. And she had access to the Haldeman-Julius little Blue Books, which were published in Girard, Kansas, in the teens and '20s on the premise that "all the culture of the past ... is the worker's heritage" (interview). Designed to fit into a worker's shirt pocket, the five-cent Blue Books introduced Olsen to modern poetry and to established writers such as Thomas Hardy, who became a lifelong favorite. Novels by South African feminist Olive Schreiner, Story of an African Farm and Dreams, also influenced Olsen. Determined to read all the fiction in the Omaha Public Library, she would pick up a book, read a few pages, and, if she did not like it, move on to the next (interview; Duncan 210-211).
Olsen was one of few in her working-class neighborhood to "Cross the tracks" to attend an academic high school, where an exceptional teacher introduced her to Shakespeare, De Quincey, Coleridge, and Edna St. Vincent Millay and made sure she was present when Carl Sandburg came to Omaha to read his work. Olsen avidly read Poetry, a journal edited by Harriet Monroe that was available in the school library. Although the high school stimulated Olsen intellectually, it "crucified her socially, setting up 'hidden injuries of class" (Duncan 210). The necessity to work forced her to drop out of school after the eleventh grade, although she is careful to remind interviewers that few women in her generation enjoyed even that much educational opportunity.
Olsen stuttered as a child, something she considers "part of [her] luck" because the peculiar quality of her own speech made her curious about the "intoxicating richness" of other speech patterns: "Just the music, the varieties ... of speaking . . . all had a magical tone" (quoted in Turan 56). Listening attentively to immigrants who had to be creative with limited vocabularies, she developed a keen ear for various dialects of "non-standard" English, a skill she later used in her writing. Yet Olsen found that "not only the speech but so much of the human beings around me was not in literature. Whitman's indictment of the aristocratic bias of literature was still true: Most of the people who wrote books came from the privileged classes." She became "incited to literature," she says, adding that the "factor which gave me confidence was that I had something to contribute, I had something which wasn't in there yet" (quoted in Turan 56).
Olsen became politically active in her mid-teens as a writer of skits and musicals for the Young Socialist League. In 1931, at 18, she joined the Young Communist League (YCL), the CP youth organization, and the next 18 months were a period of intense political activity. She attended the Party school for several weeks in Kansas City, where she helped support unemployed comrades by working in a tie factory. During this period Olsen was jailed for a month for distributing leaflets to packinghouse workers and, while in prison, was beaten up by one inmate for attempting to help another. She was already sick with pleurisy, probably contracted as a result of the tie factory's poor ventilation. Her station was next to both the factory's only open window and one of its few steam radiators; "I got overheated and 'overcold' all the time," Olsen explains (Rosenfelt interview). In jail she became extremely ill, and the Party sent her back to Omaha to recuperate.
Olsen moved to Faribault, Minnesota, early in 1932, a period of retreat from political work and wage-earning to allow for her recovery. She thinks of her illness, which had developed into incipient tuberculosis, as a blessing. As a result of it she was bedridden, and since she could not be politically active and was "in every way taken care of," something women of her class rarely experience, she was free to write (Rosenfelt interview). While in Faribault she began to write Yonnondio and completed its first three chapters fairly quickly. She became pregnant, however, in the same month that she started writing and bore a daughter, Karla, at nineteen. Olsen does not enjoy discussing her personal life between 1932 and 1935; even the weary tone of her voice suggests that it was a stressful period, financially and emotionally. "We were terribly, terribly poor," she has said. "When you [couldn't] pay your rent you just moved." The pregnancy had been unplanned. She had a "rough time of it," living only sporadically with Karla's father, who "left several times."
The reception of "The Iron Throat," a short story published (and titled) by Partisan Review (April-May 1934), is especially relevant to Olsen's biography. When Robert Cantwell described his survey of 200 stories in 50 literary magazines (The New Republic, 25 July 1934), he singled out "The Iron Throat" as the best among them, "a work of early genius." In a letter published in The New Republic on August 22, 1934, Cantwell drew even more attention to Tillie Lerner, who for some months had been submerged in the politics surrounding the Maritime Strike. Cantwell recounts that after his July 25 article appeared, the editors of two publishing houses wired him asking for help in locating Tillie Lerner. They had read "The Iron Throat" when it first appeared in Partisan Review and had tried to locate the author, but their letters and telegrams had been returned. "There was, however, a good reason why the publishers who wanted to see Tillie Lerner's unfinished novel had trouble reaching her," Cantwell explains in his letter.
She was in jail.... [and] meanwhile, two more publishers and a literary agent were trying to locate her in order to see about publishing her novel . . . . I mention this because I now feel that in my article I minimized the difficulties that impede the progress of the young writers. To the difficulties of finding hospitable publishers must now be added the problem of dodging the police. (49)
"The Iron Throat"'s literary promise and the publicity resulting from her arrest caused Olsen to be "discovered," in her word, and she signed a contract with Macmillan. But Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, founders of Modern Library and Random House, were so impressed with "The Iron Throat" that they negotiated with Macmillan to get her released from that contract. She then signed with Random House, which offered her a monthly stipend in return for completing a chapter every month. In 1935 she sent two-year-old Karla to live with her parents and moved to Los Angeles to write. However, she felt uncomfortable in Hollywood Left circles, where as a bona-fide member of the working class, she was "considered a curiosity," although she was befriended by screenwriter Marian Ainslee and enjoyed literary discussions with Tess Slesinger (Duncan 212; Rosenfelt interview). Unhappy at being separated from "her own kind of people," she occasionally traveled to several California towns for three- or four-day periods to help organize farm workers (Martin 10). The separation from Karla affected her most of all. In 1936, although she "felt like a terrible failure" for not leaving finished the novel, she forfeited her contract, moved back to San Francisco, and brought Karla home. Nearly 40 years later, examining Yonnondio's 11 rough drafts and trying to figure out where she was when she wrote them," Olsen "realized that most of her best writing was done" after her reunion with her daughter (Duncan 212-213).
In 1936 Tillie Lerner began to live with her YCL comrade, Jack Olsen (with whom she had been arrested in 1934); they married in 1944, just before Jack entered the military (Orr 38, n36). Tillie had three more daughters--Julie, Kathie, and Laurie. Between 1936 and 1959 she worked at a variety of jobs--waitress, shaker in a laundry, transcriber in a dairy equipment company, capper of mayonnaise jars, secretary, and "Kelly Girl"--and, against tremendous odds, tried to keep her writing alive.
She copied passages from books she could not afford to buy and tacked them on the wall by the kitchen sink for inspiration. She seized every moment she could:
Time on the bus, even when I had to stand, was enough; the stolen moments at work, enough; the deep night hours for as long as I could stay awake, after the kids were in bed, after the household tasks were done, sometimes during. It is no accident that the first work I considered publishable began: "I stand here ironing, and what you asked me moves tormented back and forth with the iron." (Silences 19)
When the demands of Olsen's life--which included wage-earning, mothering, political activism, housework, and writing--resulted in her "having to give primacy to one part of her being at the expense of another," the children came first (Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 380). Silences memorably records Olsen's experience and that of many mothers:
More than in any other human relationship, overwhelmingly more, motherhood means being instantly interruptable, responsive, responsible, Children need one now (and remember, in our society, the family must often try to be the center for love and health the outside world is not). The very fact that these are real needs, that one feels them as one's own (love, not duty); that there is no one else responsible for these needs, gives them primacy. It is distraction, not meditation, that becomes habitual; interruption, not continuity; spasmodic, not constant toil.... Work interrupted, deferred, relinquished, makes blockage--at best, lesser accomplishment. Unused capacities atrophy, cease to be. (Silences 18-19)
When Olsen learned she was pregnant with her second child she made an appointment with an abortionist and then, at the last minute, walked out of his office. After Julie's birth, Olsen reports, she gave up her thwarted attempts to complete Yonnondio; although she had "fragments for another 70 pages of the novel," she had to go to work "typing income tax forms" (interview). Only her last pregnancy was "voluntary" (Rosenfelt interview).
Yet Olsen insists that the demands of mothering four children did not fracture her selfhood. Being female and an artist are complementary, not contradictory, she believes. Certainly a woman's experience is not antithetical to art, despite the view expressed by Le Sueur's editor at Scribner's who rejected "Annunciation" for its "ersatz" subject matter, and Olsen's texts provide ample evidence that parenting richly fed her writing. However, since writing requires time and solitude, the practical question arises: Why did Olsen have as many as four children when she had the ambition and talent "to be a great writer" (Rosenfelt interview)? The answer lies partly in Olsen's firm belief that motherhood is not only the "core of women's oppression" but an extraordinary source of "transport" for women as well (Silences 202). Children and art "are different aspects of your being," she told me. "There is . . . no separation." A life combining meaningful work and motherhood "could and should be" possible for women (interview).
Silences acknowledges that "the maintenance of life" (34)--an activity not limited to mothers but including all who in myriad ways attend to caring for others--is often an impediment to literary productivity. Significantly, however, Silences also expresses Olsen's hope that a "complex new richness will come into literature" as "more and more women writers ... assum[e] as their right fullness of work and family life" (32). Reeva Olson, who was married for many years to a brother of Jack Olsen and who has been close to Jack and Tillie for over 50 years, indirectly spoke to this issue of "the maintenance of life" as both an impediment and a benefit to writing. She acknowledged that Tillie's "involvement with people and with her children and with family . . . has, in many ways, kept her from writing," On the other hand, Reeva added, Olsen's experiences "with people are what have made her the kind of writer she is. I don't think that she could have written the way she does sitting up in some ivory tower," removed from her characteristically "deep, deep involvement" with others (interview).
During the '30s and '40s Olsen was aware of "a real difference between [writers] who were 'rank-and-file,' so to speak, involved in struggles right around us," and those who considered themselves cultural activists, were in some instances funded by the Federal Writers' Project, and had the mobility to visit other countries to report on events (interview). This second category, although dominated by men, included such women as Josephine Herbst, Anna Louise Strong, and Agnes Smedley. Largely because of her children Olsen could not make her writing her activism, as these childless women did, and writing could not be counted on to provide the steady income Olsen's family required. Moreover, the jobs Olsen took to support her children led naturally to a different form of political activism, Union organizing, which in turn affected her daily life in positive, practical, and immediate ways--with higher wages, better working conditions, and more control of the workplace. As a parent, Olsen also became increasingly involved in educational issues and in the activities related to the particular schools her children attended.
Class was also a barrier to Olsen's becoming a full-time writer during the '30s. As noted above, during her stay in Los Angeles from 1934-36, Olsen had felt awkward around the sophisticated Hollywood Left (or "the cocktail set," as she put it) and unhappy separated from "her own kind of people." She felt similarly out of place in what she terms the "Carmel crowd" of writers, to whom she was introduced when Lincoln Steffens and Ella Winter invited her to their home after her release from jail in 1934. Although Olsen was attracting a lot of attention at this time (as noted above), she did not feel at home in urbane literary circles. She has asked herself why she "didn't move heaven and earth to become part of that [writers'] world," since it was her ambition at that time "to be a great writer," and remembers feeling "an intimidation and wonder," based not only on gender but also on her class and "first-generation" background (Rosenfelt interview).
Class identification in a positive sense also contributed to Olsen's choosing a rank-and-file existence over a "literary" life. Olsen's comments in 1980 about her working-class comrades suggest both the depth of her loyalty to them and how different from them she sometimes felt because she aspired to be a writer:
They were my dearest friends, but how could they know what so much of my writing self was about? They thought of writing in the terms in which they knew it. They had become readers, like so many working class kids in the movement, but there was so much that fed me as far as my medium was concerned that was closed to them. They read the way women read today coming into the women's movement who dont have literary background--reading for what it says about their lives, or what it doesn't say. And they loved certain writings because of truths, understandings, affirmations, that they found in them.... It was not a time that my writing self could be first.... We believed that we were going to change the world, and it looked as if it was possible. It was just after Hindenburg turned over power to Hitler--and the enormity of the struggle demanded to stop what might result from that was just beginning to be evident.... And I did so love my comrades. They were all blossoming so. These were the same kind of people I'd gone to school with, who had quit, as was common in my generation, around the eighth grade.... whose development had seemed stopped, though I had known such inherent capacity in them. Now I was seeing that evidence, verification of what was latent in the working class. It's hard to leave something like that. (quoted in Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 383)
Clearly Olsen did not share the problem of the enlightened middle-class writer who, like Meridel Le Sueur, contemplated in the '30s how best to identify with the working class. Hers was a different dilemma: Whereas our social system defines Olsen's intellectual and professional aspirations as middle class, her personal and emotional identification remained, profoundly with the class of her birth. Olsen appreciated the power of class origin, which, as I have argued earlier, Le Sueur unintentionally trivialized in "The Fetish of Being Outside." Both "intellectual" pursuits and the struggles of working people to improve their lives were crucially important to Olsen, and how to live in both worlds remained her insoluble riddle.
While Olsens writing career was obstructed byher gender and class origin, and by the demands of wage and domestic labor, the historic conditions of the '30s also pulled her from writing into activism. The Depression, the rise of fascism in Europe, the threat of world war, and the apparent success of socialism in the Soviet Union instilled a sense of urgency and possibility for radical change that competed along with everything else for Olsen's energies. "Every freedom movement has ... its roll of writers participating at the price of their writing," she comments in Silences (143). This was for Olsen a period of collective effort in myriad forms--Party meetings, union organizing, picket lines, demonstrations, leafleting--not the solitude necessary, for sustained writing. About the threat of fascism in Europe, she says,
Sometimes [in conflict] with what needed to be done at home was an international sense and an anti-war sense, the threat of war in the world.... We knew about Dachau very early, we knew about the concentration camps, the Left press was full of it.... It made my kind of book [Yonnondio] more and more difficult to write. . . . You remember how people felt after Allende? You remember how people felt after things were not ending in Vietnam, and you were so personally identified with it?... It was so much of one's being.... You lived with it in every room of your house... in every conversation whether it came up or not. It was a living, actual presence and force. We had that kind of consciousness [during the '30s], so many of us.... [It] made other concerns seem trivial by comparison. (Rosenfelt interview)
Yet, as Rosenfelt points out, passages such as the following one from a '30s journal express Olsen's frustration at the amount of time required for things that took her away from writing, including political work and the necessity to write pieces on demand for various political activities: "Struggled all day on the Labor Defender article. Tore it up in disgust. It is the end for me of things like that to write--I can't do it--it kills me" (quoted in Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 384). "There came a time," Olsen tells us in Silences, when the "fifteen hours of daily realities became too much distraction for the writing" (20). But Olsen never entirely gave the struggle to save her writing self.
Her determination to return to writing only deepened after the bombing of Hiroshima. Olsen vividly remembers one article, in what had been a series of horrific ones in the San Francisco Chronicle, that described "the ninth night," the first night without moonlight after the holocaust. Even without moonlight, the newspaper reported, the sky above Hiroshima had been eerily illuminated by bodies still burning from radiation. At that moment Olsen pledged "to write on the side of life," although it would be eight years before she could act on that resolve (interview).
Olsen remained politically active in the '40s and '50s, serving as head of the CIO's Allied War Relief program and as president of organizations as diverse as the California CIO's Women's Auxiliary and the Parent-Teachers Association. In 1946 she authored a women's column in People's World, "writing articles like Wartime Gains of Women in Industry' and 'Politically Active Mothers--One View, which argued like [Mary] Inman that motherhood should be considered political work" (Rosenfelt, "Thirties" 406, n44). In the late '40s and early '50s, Olsen was active in the international peace movement that petitioned against governmental testing of nuclear weapons. During the same period, she also worked within the PTA to oppose civilian defense maneuvers, which sent school children scurrying under desks in the absurd "duck and cover" exercises so effectively satirized in the film Atomic Cafe. Both "I Stand Here Ironing" and "Tell Me a Riddle" include disturbing references to a child's innocent acceptance of this Cold War hysteria.
During the late '40s and '50s, like Le Sueur and her family, the Olsens were victims of the harassment typical of the McCarthy Period. In June 1950, the night before Olsen was going to attend a human relations workshop with a stipend she had been given as president of the Kate Kennedy Elementary School PTA, she happened to turn on the radio during the broadcast of a San Francisco Bay Area "I was standing here ironing ... literally," she smiles, when she heard the following: "Tillie Olsen, alias Tillie Lerner, alias Teresa Lansdale [a name she had used when arrested during the '30s] ... is a paid agent of Moscow [trying] to take over the San Francisco Public School System by tunneling in the PTA." Tillie and Jack believe that teamsters who were trying to take over the Warehousemen's Union paid the gossip-program host to "get at Jack," the Union's Educational Director, "through" Tillie (interview).
As a result of the broadcast, some of Olsen's closest friends shunned her. Even a "beloved" next-door neighbor to whom the Olsens had been especially close for years, declared: "I know about double agents . . . that . . . in these days . . . they're just everywhere"(interview). Four people named Tillie to the House Un-American Activities Committee (Jack was subpoenaed by the Committee, but neither he nor Tillie testified). One of the four was Al Addy, a Warehousemen's Union member whom Jack, as the Educational Director, had schooled in writing and editing. Another of the four, Lou Rosser, was a special friend of the Olsens, who had recruited him to the YCL. Tillie compassionately explained that Rosser's drug problem made him especially vulnerable to the FBI, which financed his addiction in return for his information and would have prosecuted him if he had refused to supply it. "We're haunted by what happened with Lou, the destruction of that human being," Olsen said sadly. During this period the FBI systematically contacted Jack and Tillie's employers, and they each lost a series of jobs. One manager cautioned Tillie when he fired her that "one had to be like the grass and be as inconspicuous as possible and bow with the wind" (interview).
When her youngest child entered school in 1953, Olsen was at last free of some of the responsibilities of child care, and she enrolled at 41 in a creative writing course at San Francisco State. Lois Kramer, a neighbor with whom Olsen could confidently exchange child care, was also instrumental in her beginning to write again. "That tumult I had in my head about what was going on with my kids subsided" because they felt as much at home in the Kramer household as they did in their own (interview). An unfinished manuscript of "I Stand Here Ironing" (at that point titled "Help Her to Believe") won Olsen a Stanford University Creative Writing Fellowship in 1955-56, even though the lack of a college degree had made her technically ineligible for admission, let alone funding.
A favorite Olsen anecdote reveals how that important fellowship nearly eluded her. At an initial screening intended to eliminate most of the applicants, one of the reviewers for the competition, after reading a few pages of "I Stand Here Ironing," tossed it in the wastebasket in disgust, muttering, "'Can you imagine? That woman went on for pages just about ironing. Standing there ironing!" Procedurally, at that point the story would have been eliminated from the competition. However, Dick Krause, the one person on the screening committee with a working-class background, happened to overhear the remark and asked to see the piece; he was so moved by it that he delivered it personally to Wallace Stegner, the director of the program. After reading the manuscript, Stegner declared: "'Well, we have to have her"' (interview). Although housework and a full family life still required attention, for eight months Olsen did not have to hold a wage-earning job: "I had continuity, three full days [per week], sometimes more--and it was in those months I made the mysterious turn and became a writing writer" (Silences 20).
Another silence closed in, however, when she had to return to a nine-hour work day. Two years later, in 1959, a Ford Foundation grant "came almost too late":
Time granted does not necessarily coincide with time that can be most fully used, as the congested time of fullness would have been....
Drowning is not so pitiful as the attempt to rise, says Emily Dickinson. I do not agree, but I know whereof she speaks.... (Silences 21)
Even so, the grant allowed Olsen to finish and publish "Tell Me a Riddle," which won the prestigious O. Henry Award for Best Short Story of the Year (1961). "Tell Me a Riddle" became the title story of a volume of Olsen's short stories that also includes "I Stand Here Ironing," "Hey Sailor, What Ship?," and "O Yes"; Time included Tell Me a Riddle on its "best-ten-books" list in 1962. Tell Me a Riddle "went out of print in 1963 or 1964 until 1971" but, as its devotees reported to Olsen, it "was kept alive by being passed hand to hand and photocopied by teachers" (interview).
Since 1962 Olsen has worked at intervals within the academy, earning an impressive number of appointments and awards. Her work has been anthologized more than 85 times and published in 12 languages. But Olsen has remained politically active. In the spring of 1985, for example, along with writers Alice Walker, Maya Angelou, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, and Susan Griffin, she was cited at Berkeleys Sproul Hall for protesting the University of California's investments in South Africa. And when I arrived at Olsen's apartment to interview her in July, 1989, I found her living room cluttered with the placards she and others had recently carried while demonstrating against repression in Beijing.
Olsen has also worked to restore eclipsed, out-of-print womens writing. She influenced several Feminist Press reprintings, including Rebecca Harding Daviss Life in The Iron Mills (1972), for which she wrote an extensive afterword, Agnes Smedleys Daughter of the Earth (1973); Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper (1973); and Moa Martinsons Women and Apple Trees (1985). Olsen also reclaimed Yonnondio (1974)--the novel she had begun, as noted above, in 1932 and abandoned in 1937--by the arduous process described in Chapter 6.
And yet Yonnondios reclamation and "Requa I," a story included in The Best American Short Stories, 1971, edited by Martha Foley, compose the sum total of Olsen's published fiction since Tell Me a Riddle appeared in 1961. Silences (1978), a nonfictional testimonial to the factors--including gender, class, and race--that obstruct literary productivity, derived partly from Olsen's struggle with her own silence. Informal literary criticism and literary history, Silences draws on writers' letters and diaries "to expand the too sparse evidence [about] the relationship between circumstances and creation" (262 ). Olsen contributed the foreword to Black Women Writers at Work, edited by Claudia Tate (1983) and edited Mother to Daughter Daughter to Mother (1984), published by the Feminist Press as the first in a series of books commemorating the fifteenth anniversary of the founding of the Press in 1970. The book is an unusual collection of 120 writers' work, including diary entries, letters, poetry, fiction, autobiography, memoirs, songs, and even gravestone epitaphs. With Julie Olsen Edwards, Olsen published an introductory essay in Mothers and Daughters: That Special Quality: An Exploration in Photographs (1989), and she contributed "The '30s: A Vision of Fear and Hope," a retrospective on the decade, to a special anniversary issue of Newsweek, January 3, 1994.
From Better Red: The Writing and Resistance of Tillie Olsen and Meridel Le Sueur. New York: Oxford UP, 1995. Copyright � 1995 by Oxford UP.
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- Characterization of 2D Human Ankle Stiffness during Postural Balance and Walking for Robot-aided Ankle Rehabilitation
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The common cold is a significant cause of morbidity world-wide, with human rhinovirus infections accounting for a majority colds suffered each year. While the symptoms of the common cold are generally mild and self-limiting, vulnerable populations such as individuals with asthma can experience severe secondary complications including acute asthma exacerbation which can result in severe morbidity. Most human rhinovirus types utilize Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a receptor to enter cells and initiate infection. Expression of this cell-surface protein is elevated in the respiratory tract of asthma patients. The theoretical basis for this research is the observation that plasma measures …
- Contributors
- Gnant, Lindsay, Johnston, Carol, Sweazea, Karen, et al.
- Created Date
- 2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
World number three John Higgins came from 2-0 down to beat Ali Carter 6-3 and book his place in the quarter-finals of the Betfair Masters.
Carter got off to the ideal start at Alexandra Palace when he won the first two frames, the second of them despite having needed two snookers.
But Higgins then rattled in a 117 clearance to kickstart a run of four frames in succession and although Carter reduced the deficit, Higgins went on to seal victory as he seeks a third Masters title.
It all looked good for former World Championship finalist Carter when he won the second frame in unlikely fashion after needing two snookers.
He got the second of those when Higgins, who is using a new cue this season, got too much swerve on an escape attempt and missed the brown, only for Higgins to then fluke a snooker behind the blue.
However, Carter fluked the brown as he escaped from the snooker and landed perfectly on the blue, before eventually sealing the frame on the black.
"I was still feeling okay," Higgins told BBC2. "I hadn't missed much and felt fine and that's half the battle. It's only you and your mind out there and I was still in the game so you just get on with it."
Higgins did precisely that with a break of 117 in the next and also took the fourth frame to make it 2-2 at the mid-session interval.
The Scot took the next two frames as well, the sixth with a break of 97, and after Carter hit back with 83 to reduce the gap, Higgins made it 5-3 in a scrappy eighth frame.
Carter was in first with 54 in the ninth frame but missed a pink to the middle and Higgins stepped in with a clearance of 65.
"I was thinking Ali was going to pull it back to 5-5 because I was beginning to feel the pressure a bit, but luckily I held myself together," Higgins added.


text:
Mauer, Perkins come full circle at Citi Field
Twins All-Stars, Minnesota natives together again for Midsummer Classic
NEW YORK -- For Joe Mauer and Glen Perkins, they've gone from Metro East Lion All-Stars as 18-year-olds to Major League All-Stars this year.
The two Minnesota natives have known each other since high school and now are able to share another experience together at the All-Star Game on Tuesday night at Citi Field.
Mauer, a six-time All-Star, and Perkins, a first-time All-Star, are even set to recreate their photo from their days as Metro East Lion All-Stars, as the Twins sent out their club photographer with that goal in mind.
"We go way back and have been friends for 15 or 16 years now, so it's special we get to share this together here," Perkins said. "I'm kind of tagging along with him because he's an All-Star veteran. It's awesome to be able to add this to our careers and our story of growing up in Minnesota together."
For Mauer, it's simply yet another All-Star Game for the St. Paul native, as he's set to start at catcher for the American League for the fourth time in his career. But he said this one is different because he gets to spend it with Perkins, who hails from Stillwater, Minn.
"I keep saying as long as they keep having me back, I'll keep going," Mauer said. "Every one of them is different, so that's the neat thing about it. You're never promised to come back again, so try to enjoy these days as much as you can. It never gets old. It's cool to share it with my teammate this year, who is also a native Minnesotan in Glen Perkins."
Mauer, 30, is having another productive season at the plate, as he's hitting .320/.402/.473 with eight homers, 30 doubles, 50 runs and 32 RBIs in 88 games.
But he's set to bat eighth in a stacked AL lineup, which is a spot he hasn't occupied in a big league game since he was a rookie in 2004. But Mauer also batted eighth in the '08 Midsummer Classic at Yankee Stadium, and took it in stride.
"I think you can really shake up this lineup and still come out with a winner," Mauer said. "Hopefully, we score a bunch of runs and get a win for the American League."
Perkins predicted Mauer will get a hit based on his track record, including this year's World Baseball Classic when they were teammates for Team USA and Mauer hit .429 in six games.
"I guarantee he'll get a hit," Perkins said. "He seems to rise to the occasion pretty well. He did it in the World Baseball Classic and I'd imagine we'll see him hit a ball or two hard tomorrow."
So while Mauer will start behind the plate on Tuesday, Perkins doesn't know what his role will be for the AL squad managed by Tigers skipper Jim Leyland.
He could be used as a situational left-hander or pitch an inning, but with Yankees star Mariano Rivera on the roster he won't be asked to close.
"Hopefully, I get into the game," Perkins said. "Whoever I get a chance to face, it'll be fun."
Perkins, 30, has emerged as one of baseball's better closers, with 21 saves and a 1.82 ERA to go with 47 strikeouts in 34 2/3 innings.
He's thrived since moving to the bullpen in 2011 with a 2.38 ERA over that span after posting a combined 4.81 ERA through his first five years in the big leagues.
"He really has found his niche," Mauer said. "He came up as a starter and went to the bullpen and gained a couple miles per hour. I think he took on that one-inning mentality really well. When he's out there, I don't want to say it, but it looks like a waste of his time. He goes out there and calms his nerves down and comes at you with his good stuff."
With the Twins seemingly out of contention for a third straight year in the AL Central, Perkins has been a hot topic with the non-waiver Trade Deadline looming at the end of this month. But the left-hander said he's trying his best not to focus on the speculation and his strong preference is to play for his hometown Twins.
So for now, Perkins said he's just trying his best to enjoy the moment and is happy to have Mauer along with him at his first All-Star Game.
"Our lockers are next to each other and everything so it's cool," Perkins said. "He's been to so many now, this is his sixth, so he's just been telling me what to expect. So it's just been great to share it together."
The final phase of All-Star Game voting will again have fans participating in the official voting for the Ted Williams All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award presented by Chevrolet. During the Midsummer Classic, fans will vote exclusively online at MLB.com via the 2013 All-Star Game MLB.com MVP Vote, and their voice will represent 20 percent of the official vote determining the recipient of the Arch Ward Trophy.
The 2013 All-Star Game will be played at Citi Field on Tuesday. Come to MLB.com for extensive online coverage of the All-Star Week festivities.
The 84th All-Star Game will be televised nationally by FOX Sports, in Canada by Rogers Sportsnet and RDS, and worldwide by partners in more than 200 countries via MLB International's independent feed. ESPN Radio and ESPN Radio Deportes will provide national radio coverage of the All-Star Game. MLB Network and SiriusXM also will also provide comprehensive All-Star Week coverage. For more information, please visit allstargame.com.


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KU's road woes continue in loss to Rice
Interceptions prove costly for Jayhawks
Chris Boswell kicked a 56-yard, go-ahead field goal with eight minutes left in the fourth quarter and Charles Ross added an 8-yard touchdown run as Rice beat Kansas, 23-14 Saturday night.
The win evened up Rice's mark at 1-1, and the loss did the same for Kansas (1-1).
Quarterback Taylor McHargue completed 14 of 31 pass attempts for 168 yards and Ross carried the ball a career-high 27 times for 157 yards, to lead the Owls offense. But when McHargue began to show signs of fatigue early in the fourth quarter, coach David Bailiff decided to go to backup quarterback Driphus Jackson.
The sophomore out of Cedar Hill, Texas, led Rice down the field for their only offensive touchdown of the contest, giving them a nine-point cushion.
"I'm really proud of this football team. This was a game we wouldn't have won two years ago," said Bailiff. "It's hard to win college football games period, so to win at home against a Big 12 opponent is pretty special."
Kansas quarterback Jake Heaps was limited to 157 yards passing on 28 attempts, and he tossed a pair of costly interceptions. The first was returned for a touchdown while the second occurred deep in Owls territory.
The Owls opened the scoring when linebacker Michael Kutzler intercepted a Heaps pass attempt and returned it 52 yards to the end zone. It was Kutzler's second career touchdown return of an interception.
The Jayhawks tied the score 7-7 early in the second quarter, when Heaps found Tony Pierson on a slant, and Pierson broke free from his defenders and raced 77 yards for the score. The Owls responded on their ensuing possession with an eight-play drive, highlighted by McHargue hitting receiver Dennis Parks on a 54-yard strike that moved the ball deep into Kansas territory. Boswell followed by connecting on a 40-yard field goal that gave the Owls a 10-7 lead.
Later in the second quarter, the Owls stopped a Kansas scoring opportunity when Bryce Callahan came up with his ninth career interception, off a deflection.
"That was a big play, but it wasn't nearly as big as the one that went to the house early in the game," said Kansas head coach Charlie Weis. "I think that our passing game, for the second week in a row, was inadequate. I don't know how many dropped balls we had again, but we dropped some big ones in this game.
"In the first half, we threw two interceptions, and we dropped two third-down conversions," he said. "Those third-down conversions are drive-killers, just like the interceptions are."
Rice then moved the football 71 yards down the field and capitalized when Boswell booted a 28-yard field goal with nine seconds left in the half, making the score 13-7.
The teams traded possessions and punts in the third quarter until Kansas kicker Matthew Wyman missed a 47-yard field goal attempt. Two plays later, McHargue made his first mistake of the night when his pass was intercepted by Isaiah Johnson, and returned to the Owls' 25 yard line.
Heaps converted a critical third-down play when he scrambled and found Tre Parmelee for a 17-yard completion that ended up just short of the Rice goal line. Heaps then scored on a plunge to give the Jayhawks their first lead of the game, 14-13.
"I said to our defensive coaches, when you hold your opponent to 16 (offensive) points, it should be good enough to win," said Weis. "We played a good scheme and had a strong game from beginning to end."
James Sims led the Jayhawks with 109 yards rushing on 19 carries. Rice took a 2-1 lead in the all-time series between the schools.


text:
2018 North America Banking Operations Survey
March 26, 2018
March 26, 2018
Back office, it's time to meet the customers. Most banks aim to compete and win in the digital economy by offering a customer experience that is truly personalized, but most North American bank operations can't deliver.
The 2018 North America Banking Operations Survey of 80 bank executives points to the future of banking operations—by 2020, up to 40 percent of bank spending on digital transformation will be in operations.
Bank operations today are a bit like Play-Doh when it hardens—it can be tough to change, but mixing in a little water makes the putty soft and pliable again. Digital innovation is water for a bank's office.
Survey results highlight key themes set to change the game for bank operations:
Changing the role of the back office and having a game plan is essential to successfully adapting to the changing digital economy.
About the Authors


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Besides ease of use and scalability, one of SQL Server 7.0's key features is that it fulfills the role of an enterprise database system. Although people have used SQL Server 6.0 and 6.5 as an enterprisewide data management system for a long time, SQL Server 7.0 shows great improvements in this area and is much more competitive in the large database/data warehouse market. The query processor is one of the most important database system components that influence the management of large databases. Microsoft has significantly improved the SQL Server 7.0 query processor in three areas: indexes, join techniques, and disk access. Also Microsoft added new features to the Query Analyzer (formerly ISQL/w). But before we describe these improvements and new features, you need to know what the query processor does.
What the Query Processor Does
The query processor has two main tasks: query optimization and query execution. Query optimization is the process of choosing the best solution for query execution. Often there are several different ways to perform a query, all leading to the same correct result. The job of the query processor is to create one or more access plans for a given query. If several possible solutions exist that give the correct query result, the query processor must select the optimal access plan for the query. For instance, if an index exists that you can use for a given query, the query optimizer chooses between a table scan and an index access. A table scan involves sequential data access, in which the system fetches each row according to its physical memory location; index access is direct access, in which the system fetches each row using additional structures built for the given index. For a small number of selected rows, an index scan is more effective than a table scan, because the index scan fetches each row directly and therefore quickly. However, the table scan is superior to the index scan for queries with a large number of selected rows, because a table scan reads pages of large memory units only once (instead of separately accessing each row that satisfies the selection criteria). The general tasks of the optimizer are maintaining statistics about the volume of data, choosing the indexes for the query, and (in the case of a query containing a join operation), deciding the appropriate table-join order.
Index Intersection and the Covering Index
The previous releases of SQL Server use indexes with one important restriction: Generally, they can use only one index per table, even if multiple criteria are present in the WHERE clause of a SELECT statement. Listing 1 shows an example in which the WHERE clause of the SELECT statement includes two predicates with columns dept_no and enter_date. The query processor in previous releases of SQL Server used only one index, even if both columns were indexed. In contrast, SQL Server 7.0 uses both existing indexes by selecting subsets of data and performing an intersection between them. This feature is called index intersection.
A covering index is a nonclustered index built on all the columns required to satisfy a query (both in the SELECT list and in the WHERE clause). A covering index is therefore an extension of index intersection and is related to index-only retrieval. If all the columns in a query are indexed, the index-only retrieval technique fetches only index values. SQL Server 6.5 already exploited this technique, which gives significant performance improvements because the index structures give all the values needed for the query. However, the earlier SQL Server query processors cannot find a covering index for a query and therefore do not apply the index-only retrieval if the indexes are separately defined.
Listing 2 shows an example with the two columns enter_date and emp_no in the SELECT list. (The column enter_date also appears in the WHERE clause.) If there are two separate indexes for the columns enter_date and emp_no, SQL Server 6.5 cannot use the index-only retrieval. The only way to force the use of this technique is to build a compound index structure on columns enter_date and emp_no in this exact order.
SQL Server 7.0 takes index-only retrieval a step further by considering the join of multiple indexes over the same table to obtain a column set that covers the given query with two separately indexed columns in the SELECT list. SQL Server 7.0 joins both existing indexes on the columns enter_date and emp_no using the Row Identifier (RID). The RID uniquely identifies a row within a table; SQL Server uses the RID to place a row lock on a row.
Additional Join Techniques
The optimizer applies different heuristic rules to improve the performance of query execution. The most important heuristic rule is that the query applies each unary operation (i.e., an operation on only one table) before any binary operation such as join or union. The reason for this rule is that the size of the input tables determines the size of the binary operation; therefore, in many cases, SQL Server determines this size by multiplying the rows of both tables.
A join operation is the most time-consuming operation in query processing because it requires a lot of disk I/O. For this reason, it is preferable to have different techniques to apply in specific cases to give optimal query execution performance. SQL Server 7.0 supports three processing techniques for joining: nested-loop join, sort-merge join, and hash join.
The nested-loop join is the only processing technique that previous releases of SQL Server fully supported. If no indexes are on the join columns, the nested-loop join works by brute force. In other words, for each row of the outer table, the optimizer retrieves and compares each row from the inner table. The nested-loop join is slow if one of the join columns has no index. Without indexes, the optimizer has to scan the outer table once and the inner table n times, where n is the number of rows of the outer table. Therefore, the optimizer generally chooses this method only if the join column of the inner table is indexed, so the inner table does not have to be scanned for each row in the outer table. (Also, the optimizer selects this technique if joined tables have a small number of rows or if the join yields a temporary result, which is then used for a subsequent computation.)
The sort-merge join provides a cost-effective alternative to constructing an index for a nested-loop join. The rows of the joined tables must be physically sorted using the values of the join column. (If the rows of the joined tables are not sorted, SQL Server 7.0 enforces the sort operation for both tables.) The optimizer then scans the tables in order of the join columns, matching the rows with the same value for the join columns. No index is necessary when the optimizer performs a sort-merge join. The sort-merge join processing technique has a high overhead if the rows from both tables are not sorted. However, this method is preferable when join columns for both tables are not indexed. For instance, the sort-merge join is especially useful when each joined table has the clustered index on the join column. (SQL Server 6.5 supports only a rudimentary form of this join technique.)
A hash join uses a technique called hashing. Hashing provides fast access to rows on certain search conditions. The search condition must be an equality condition on one column called the hash field. Usually the hash field is also a key field of the hash file, in which case it is called the hash key. The idea behind hashing is to provide a hash function, which is a function that the optimizer applies to the hash key value of a row. This function yields the physical address of the disk block that stores the record.
The optimizer typically uses the hash join when the rows of the joined tables are not sorted and the join columns are not indexed. The reason for this usage is that hash-based algorithms efficiently process large unsorted and nonindexed inputs. The optimizer hashes the rows of one table to the hash file and compares the values from the other table against the stored values. The optimizer uses the same hashing function on the join columns and the hash keys. The hash join gives the best performance if you have one small table and one large table. In that case, the optimizer computes the hash value for each row of the smaller table and inserts each row into a hash bucket (depending on the hash value). Then, the optimizer scans the larger table one row at a time, computes the hash key values, and produces matches.
Because the hash-join method does not require an index, it is highly applicable for ad hoc queries, in which you don't expect indexes. Therefore, this technique is valuable for retrieval operations in data warehousing systems, especially if the system groups rows together.
Disk Scan Improvements
The main unit of data storage in SQL Server is the page. The page size in SQL Server 7.0 is 8KB, in contrast to previous releases' 2KB page size. The unit of a read operation by SQL Server is usually an extent, which has also increased in size (from 16KB to 64KB). Both changes increase the system performance by letting SQL Server 7.0 read eight times more data in one I/O operation than previous releases allowed. (For more information on SQL Server 7.0 storage units, see Inside SQL Server, "Page Structures in SQL Server 7.0," Premiere issue.)
Another disk scan improvement in SQL Server 7.0 is the existence of the Index Allocation Map (IAM). The IAM is a bitmap that maps data pages for a table in physical order. During the read operation, SQL Server sequentially reads the IAM to specify which pages need to be read. If a specified operation reads several pages, the IAM lets the system execute read-ahead—namely, to place the needed pages into the buffer in advance. The previous releases of SQL Server use a page chain, where each page has a pointer that points forward to the next page. If the pages are read randomly, the page chain doesn't let the system use read-ahead in most cases.
SQL Server Query Analyzer
The SQL Server Query Analyzer is a tool that generates, executes, and stores Transact SQL (T-SQL) statements. Besides these features, you can use Query Analyzer to show a query's execution plan in a text or graphics format. Either format lets you examine the plan and make corrections to a query's indexes if the performance of the query is inefficient.
To run the Query Analyzer, click the Start menu, Programs, and then Query Analyzer in the SQL Server 7.0 menu, or select Tools, Query Analyzer from the Enterprise Manager main menu. To see a textual execution plan for a statement, activate the SHOWPLAN_TEXT or SHOWPLAN_ALL option of the SET statement in the upper part of the Query Analyzer window by setting one of these two options to ON. (The SQL Server 6.5 option for SHOWPLAN is no longer supported, so you must use one of these options instead, in SQL Server 7.0.) Next, enter the T-SQL statement that you want to analyze. Both options display detailed information about the selected execution for the query. Figure 1 contains an example of an execution plan in the text format.
To obtain a graphical execution plan for a statement, enter the statement and click the Display Estimated Execution Plan icon in the toolbar of Query Analyzer. Screen 1 contains an example of a graphical execution plan.
If you start the execution plan of a statement in the graphics mode, the statement does not execute and the flow diagram of the estimated plan appears in the lower part of the Query Analyzer window. Similarly, if you start the execution plan of a statement in the text mode, the statement does not execute because the SHOWPLAN_TEXT and the SHOWPLAN_ALL options disable the execution of the statement.
Viewing a query's execution plan can help you improve that query's performance. For example, you can use the text or graphics mode to view and modify a query's index. To understand this example, you first need to know the basics about SQL Server 7.0's data-organization forms. SQL Server 7.0 uses two different data-organization forms to store a table's data on disk: heaps and clustered tables. A heap is a form of data organization in which SQL Server stores table data in no particular order, and the sequence of the data pages is in no order. SQL Server stores tables with no clustered indexes, or without any indexes, in heaps.
SQL Server stores the data rows of a clustered table in an order based on the clustered index. SQL Server uses the linked list to link the data pages. Which physical data structure SQL Server chooses depends on the CREATE INDEX statement. Listing 3 shows the query to use to demonstrate possible performance issues. If you create the indexes in Listing 4, SQL Server stores both tables in heaps.
Suppose table order_tab contains 3000 rows, and the table position contains 20 rows per row of the table order_tab on average. A 1:n relationship exists between the order_tab table and the position table; that is, for each row of the order_tab table, there are n rows in the position table. Listing 5 contains the code for these two tables.
Figure 1 and Screen 1 show the textual and graphical execution plans, respectively, for the query in Listing 4. SQL Server reads the query execution plan in Figure 1 from the bottom up. Therefore, the SQL Server optimizer first uses both indexes i_pos_orderno and i_order_orderno for the index search on the column order_no in the position and order_tab table, respectively.
Next, the optimizer executes the Bookmark Lookup. The Bookmark Lookup value (e.g., \[Bmk1002\]) represents the RID, which the optimizer uses to identify the corresponding row. Both Bookmark Lookups correspond to the position and order_tab tables that appear in the SELECT statement. Finally, the optimizer applies the nested-loop method for the join operation in Listing 4.
You can modify the physical structure of the order_tab and position tables if you create clustered (instead of nonclustered) indexes. Listing 6 creates two clustered indexes for these tables. These clustered indexes prompt SQL Server to store both tables as clustered tables. Figure 2 and Screen 2, page 34, show the textual and graphical execution plans, respectively, for the query in Listing 4, after the creation of both clustered indexes.
By using clustered indexes, you reduce the number of nodes from five to three. Additionally, the optimizer chooses the hash-join method (instead of the nested-loop method) to execute the join operation. Thus, you eliminate the row access using RID. These changes can result in significant improvements of the elapsed time for the query in Listing 4.
Improved Querying
We have shown you quite a few, but not all, of the significant improvements in query processing that SQL Server 7.0 offers. SQL Server 7.0 supports new index techniques that give you significant performance gains for many queries, usually using just one table.
New join techniques let the optimizer choose the most appropriate method for performing a join and thereby improve performance of queries over two or more tables. Finally, SQL Server 7.0's Query Analyzer lets you use new index and join techniques by examining the execution plan of a query and making corrections to indexes.


text:
Healthy & Delicious: Whole Wheat Pasta with Chicken Sausage, Chickpeas, and Garlicky Greens Recipe
Healthy and delicious recipes from Serious Eats
Editor's note: On Mondays, Kristen Swensson Sturt of Cheap, Healthy, Good swings by these parts to share healthy and delicious recipes with us. Take it away, Kristen!
When you think of casseroles, health isn't necessarily the first thing that comes to mind. More likely, it's Cream of Something-or-Other Soup, canned mystery meat, and gobs of butter and cheese. Not that there's anything wrong with that. Still, if you can make a casserole that's both nutritious and tasty as all get out, why not do so?
Adapted from Faith Durand's Not Your Mother's Casseroles (our Cook the Book last week), Whole Wheat Pasta with Chicken Sausage, Chickpeas, and Garlicky Greens isn't the typical casserole. If you want to be picky, it's probably more of a pasta bake. But oh, what a pasta bake. Cheesy and savory and just a little nutty (whole wheat pasta tends to do that), it's a big bowl of food you won't feel guilty about.
Durand's original recipe calls for a 16-ounce box of pasta and a 10-ounce can of chickpeas. I only had standard-sized containers on hand (13.25 ounces and 15 ounces, respectively), so I used those. It turned out beautifully, and the lunch leftovers were the envy of the office.
In fact, the dish turned out so well, I've already bought groceries for six more of Faith's recipes.
- Yield:6
- Active time: 20
- Total time:50
- 1 (13.25-ounce) box whole wheat rotini
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 4 cloves garlic, minced
- 4 links (12 ounces) cured or smoked chicken sausage links, cut into 1/3-inch rounds
- 1 (16-ounce) bag chopped frozen spinach, thawed and well drained
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce (low-sodium if preferred)
- 1 (15-ounce) can chickpeas, drained and rinsed
- 1 (15-ounce) can diced tomatoes, drained
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese
Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9- by 13-inch glass baking dish with olive oil. Cook pasta according to package directions in salted water. Drain and reserve.
In a large skillet or Dutch oven, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add garlic and sauté until fragrant, 30 to 60 seconds. Add sausage and sauté until beginning to brown, about 5 minutes. Add spinach. Stir to combine and heat through. Add soy sauce. Stir to combine. Taste, adding more soy sauce if necessary. Add pasta, chickpeas, tomatoes, and pepper to taste. Stir again. Add Parmesan. Stir one last time.
Pour mixture into prepared glass dish and bake until pasta and cheese begin to brown on top, about 25 minutes. Remove and cool 5 minutes. Serve.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text: AVP AVP Cincinnati Open underway in new home By Lucas Bezerra • Aug 31, 2012 Tana Weingartner Washington Park holds its first Cincinnati AVP Open this Labor Day Weekend. This year, Olympic beach volleyball gold medalist Kerri Walsh will join other Olympians as they compete to make it to the championship in Santa Barbara, CA next week. Sports insiders are interested to find out if this tournament will reveal Walsh's new partner. Nicole Banagh is the current favorite to take the place of Misty May-Treanor.


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The results of this study make several contributions. It is beneficial to researchers interested in furthering our understanding of the effects and effectiveness of IQRs and PCAOB inspections, as well as to practitioners and regulators. While many opportunities for further research exist, results indicating a large portion of partners try to predict the engagements that will be selected for either PAR can serve as a foundation to investigate further the effects of PAR salience on audit planning and reporting decisions.
For more information on this study, please contact Richard W. Houston
Houston, R. W., and C. M. Stefaniak. 2013. Audit Partner Perceptions of Post-Audit Review Mechanisms: An Examination of Internal Quality Reviews and PCAOB Inspections. Accounting Horizons 27 (1).
Based on the interviews and problems identified, the authors conjecture that potentially suboptimal auditing methods are being used to evaluate complex estimates which are an important and growing part of the financial statements. This may be negatively impacting audit quality. More specifically, auditors over-rely on management estimates because they lack the knowledge and incentives to behave otherwise. This possibility has direct consequences for auditor professional skepticism because increasing professional skepticism may be less effective unless auditors are also given the requisite knowledge to properly use it. These problems are reinforced by auditing standards and regulators which generally outline/criticize the current auditing methods without suggesting new or better ones.
Griffith, E., J. Hammersley, and K. Kadous. 2015. Audits of Complex Estimates as Verification of Management Numbers: How Institutional Pressures Shape Practice. Contemporary Accounting Research 32 (3): 833-863.
By examining the cognitive impact of the different judgment frameworks, this study provides academics, practitioners, and regulators with important insight into why counterfactual reasoning and a structured thought process differentially enhance auditors' professional skepticism.
Backof, A. G., E. M. Bamber and T. D. Carpenter. Do auditor judgment frameworks help in constraining aggressive reporting? Evidence under more precise and less precise accounting standards. Accounting, Organizations and Society 51: 1-11.
While many studies examine how the Part I inspection report or the PCAOB inspection process as a whole impact the auditor and audit committee decision making, the research on the impact of Part II reports is limited. Furthermore, the PCAOB is publicly issuing Part II inspection reports with greater frequency; thus, an understanding of how the failed remediation of Part II reports influences the audit firm and its clients is of importance to a number of parties.
Drake, K. D., N. C. Goldman, and S. J. Lusch. 2016. Do Income Tax-Related Deficiencies in Publicly Disclosed PCAOB Part II Reports Influence Audit Client Financial Reporting of Income Tax Accounts? The Accounting Review 91 (5): 1411-1439.
This study should be of interest to both regulators and audit firms. In the future, standard setters should consider how natural human behavior may result in unintended consequences. By considering psychology, standard setters may be able to write the standards in a way to minimize those potential consequences or at least be aware of the risks.
This study should also be of interest to audit firms because current auditing standards are neutral with respect to whether audit documentation of risk assessments are performed quantitatively or qualitatively. This implies that either option is adequate and treats the potential costs as minor. As risk assessments that are more lenient in nature tend to lead to fewer audit procedures and less substantive evidence, the costs may be more than inconsequential.
For more information on this study, please contact M. David Piercey.
Piercey, M. D. 2011. Documentation Requirements and Quantified versus Qualitative Audit Risk Assessments. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 30 (4):223-248.
The findings of this study are important for audit firms when considering how audit offices implement the normally positive tone at the top of the firms that seem to favor practices and policies that support an open error management climate (EMC). First, our results suggest that successfully establishing an open EMC is beneficial for an audit firm in most (but not all) situations examined in terms of enhancing the firm's ability to uncover internally errors that otherwise may remain undetected in audit working papers. Our findings imply, however, that these benefits can only be achieved when an open EMC is not only stated in formal firm policies but is actually implemented and consistently applied at the individual audit office level. Second, our findings imply that increasing auditors' willingness to report their own conceptual errors (e.g., where an ineffective procedure is employed or incorrectly implemented) is particularly challenging and requires measures to support auditors in overcoming their concerns about presenting a good impression to their firm, given that an open EMC was not sufficient by itself to increase the reporting of conceptual errors. Finally, the generally high willingness to report own errors suggests that a key question is how to enhance the likelihood that auditors will indeed self-detect these errors.
Further our findings suggest that audit regulators and inspectors need to be careful in their attempts to ensure that audit firm's implement policies that support audit quality. In particular, proposals that would link compensation, discipline and other within firm sanctions for audit quality reducing actions need to be considered carefully in light of the effects that such policies would have on the firm's error management climate. Careful delineation between repeat offenders being punished versus supporting an open learning environment for initial reporting of errors needs to be carefully considered and communicated or else the error management climate can quickly become a blame climate where errors are not reduced, just hidden better.
For more information on this study, please contact any of the authors.
Gold, A., U. Gronewold, and S. E. Salterio. 2014. Error management in audit firms: Error climate, type, and originator. The Accounting Review 89 (1): 303-330.
This paper complements and extends the limited extant research on inspection risk by clearly defining the construct and providing empirical evidence consistent with its existence and impact on auditors' planning decisions. The authors contend that while auditors may perceive that PARs do not influence effort or fees, both PARs likely cause auditors, perhaps unconsciously, to increase effort and fees.
C. M. Stefaniak, R. W. Houston, and D. B. Brandon. 2017. Investigating Inspection Risk: An Analysis of PCAOB Inspections and Internal Quality Reviews. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 36 (1): 151 – 168.


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Rebekah Brooks Arrested Again
It looks like the biggest guillotine thus far has fallen (again) in the News Corp phone hacking scandal: British police have reportedly arrested Rebekah Brooks—former editor of the tabloids News of the World and The Sun, as well as former CEO of News International, News Corp's UK newspaper division, and a close friend and confidante of the Murdoch family. Brooks resigned from News International last year and was arrested last summer in the earlier stages of the phone hacking investigation. She was given a hefty going-away package last year.
Brooks was reportedly among six people arrested this morning. Also arrested was her husband (dayum) and Mark Hanna, the "group director of security" at News International. Hey, hard to do security while you're under arrest! Right? A little British crime humor there, is all.
Police haven't said specifically why Brooks was arrested but I bet it's related to that whole "massive hacking scandal" thing.
[Photo: AP]


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- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
The secret's out.
Or, rather, the secret's in. Inside.
A number of years ago, UC Davis entomologist Diane Ullman created a ceramic sign outside the Harry H. Laidlaw Jr. Honey Bee Research Facility, located on Bee Biology Road, west of the UC Davis campus.
The colorful sign features a bee hive, blossoms and bees. Some of the bees are ceramic. Some are real.
Real bees? True. The ceramic hive serves as the opening to a real hive tucked in back of the sign. If you look closely at the front of the sign, you'll see bees buzzing in and out of the narrow opening.
Ullman, associate dean for undergraduate academic programs at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and professor of entomology, enjoys fusing art with science and creating community awareness. She's the 2008 faculty recipient of the Chancellor's Achievement Award for Diversity and Community.
As for the bees, unknowingly part of Ullman's creative art-and-science project, it's definitely home "sweet" home.


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Posts Tagged 'Babysitters'
Protecting Your Children How To Hire Babysitters Or Choose Daycare
The following information will help you to better protect your children from abuse by nannies, babysitters and aggressive family/friends. Please feel free to share this information sheet with others. You may contact our firm at any time if you need additional information.
When you interview potential childcare workers, it is important to understand their mental stability and their potential for violence. The following questions will help you to "profile" their mental state and make a more accurate decision.


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From wikipedia: Biomagnetism is the phenomenon of magnetic fields produced by living organisms.
The present scientific definition took form in the 1970s, when an increasing number of researchers began to measure the magnetic fields produced by the human body. The first valid measurement was actually made in 1963,[1] but the field began to expand only after a low-noise technique was developed in 1970.[2] Today the community of biomagnetic researchers does not have a formal organization, but international conferences are held every two years, with about 600 attendees. Most conference activity centers around the MEG (magnetoencephalogram), the measurement of the magnetic field of the brain.
Do viruses produce such a field?


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The Enterprise Rent-A-Car culture is built on a set of founding values that helps us build relationships with our customers, our communities, our partners and each other. There's a reason why the Enterprise Management Training programme is repeatedly recognised as a great way to launch your career.
Some of the best training around, combined with a strong promote-from-within philosophy, play a major role in our reputation. It's an outstanding place to build a career. But don't take our word for it. Here are some things our employees have to say:
"Life at Enterprise is great. You're constantly learning and progressing your skill base while building new relationships with those around you. There are different challenges every day and you feel a real sense of accomplishment when everything has gone to plan."
Enterprise revolves around our customers and employees. The values of our culture have fueled our success year after year — for over half a century. This means conducting business with integrity, being honest, working hard and never forgetting to have a little fun along the way.
We are extremely proud to have been recognised as a fantastic business to work for. Recently we were ranked among The Times Top 50 Employers for Women, for the tenth year running. It highlights the challenging, progressive and rewarding work environment we're so passionate about at Enterprise.
Read about employees who take "going the extra mile" to a new level. Building loyal, long-term relationships by earning a customer's trust is the key to our success at Enterprise.
Our goal is to exceed every customer's expectations. And that starts with our people — one customer, one handshake, one delivered promise at a time.
"Come to Enterprise for the career, not for the job. If you are looking to have advancement, if you are willing to put in the time and the effort, Enterprise is a fantastic place to work." - Gary J.
New opportunities in locations throughout the world mean that the career you want is closer than you think. Whatever your strengths, and wherever you see yourself, take a look at what we can offer. In any Enterprise branch, you'll come across people who are motivated about their careers. These same people have a unique dedication to customer satisfaction and building relationships. There's a lot more to our business than simply renting cars. We offer excellent training, development, and a promote-from-within culture — the sky's the limit.


text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Working Authorisation/Temporary Residence Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Working Authorisation/Temporary Residence Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Romania View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message GoosoidJoined: 23 Apr 2008Posts: 7 Posted: Tue Aug 26, 2008 12:46 am Post subject: Working Authorisation/Temporary Residence I am likely to be offered a job as an M&A lawyer working in Bucharest. I used to be a TEFL teacher in Prague, which is why I am posting on this site. This also seems to be the best forum around for Romania. I am a New Zealand citizen (and therefore non-EU). I have no possiblity of obtaining an EU passport. Can anyone give me an idea of how difficult it currently is in Romania for a non-EU citizen to obtain a work permit? Also, what kind of documentation is required by the authorities? I assume copies of academic documents and birth certificates but is there anything else unusual (i.e. HIV test)? My job will involve frequently leaving Romania to other CEE states and so I will be passing through passport control often. I automatically qualify for a 90 day visa on arrival but under the terms of that visa I can only stay for 90 days in any 180 day period. My firm seems to have a fairly cavalier attitude towards this issue, which seems unusual for an international, Silver Circle law firm. This may be because it is not a major issue, and I hope that is the case. Any advice or comments appreciated. Back to top BebsiJoined: 07 Feb 2005Posts: 958 Posted: Wed Aug 27, 2008 11:42 am Post subject: Law firms in Romania generally have a pretty cavalier attitude to many things, and in my experience a great many are not up to western European standards of practice and ethics. Much of this has to do with the standards of legal training in Romania, which can, to put it mildly, vary in quality from one university to another and where the transition in jurisprudential thinking to a market-economics ethos and good business practice remains incomplete. In addition, passing university exams, including in law faculties is, shall we say, a process that facilitates the expression of considerable creativity!! Getting you sorted out with a work permit is the first thing your employer should be concerned with. Maybe he should hire a good lawyer Back to top GoosoidJoined: 23 Apr 2008Posts: 7 Posted: Fri Aug 29, 2008 1:42 am Post subject: The firm is a Silver Circle (City) firm so the concerns relating to practices of Romanian firms is not really that relevant, although from what I know your comments are certainly accurate about Romanian legal education. No international law firm, such as the one I will be working for, would employ a Romanian lawyer without substantial post-graduate qualifications in Western Europe, North America or Australasia. After further discussions it seems the firm is expecting to get me a work permit and temporary residency. So my questions are now: 1. How long should I allow for the process? 2. Can a work permit and residency be obtained outside of my home country, or even better after I arrive in Romania? 3. Are there any really unusual things Romania requires for temporary residency (i.e. HIV tests) that I could start getting now? There must be some US or Canadian citizens out there who have gone through this since EU accession. Back to top BebsiJoined: 07 Feb 2005Posts: 958 Posted: Fri Aug 29, 2008 12:57 pm Post subject: OK, you've cleared up about the pedigree of the firm. To answer your questions: 1. Not very long, a month or two at the most. 2. Yes, you can do it in the country after you arrive. Hope you don't mind queueing!! 3. No special requirements normally. Anything needed can be obtained within the country very easily. I may be able to help u. PM me a bit more about ur sitch. Bebs. Back to top ElJoined: 11 Jan 2008Posts: 27 Posted: Fri Aug 29, 2008 8:30 pm Post subject: You also forgot to mention how great Romania is Bebsi... Back to top GoosoidJoined: 23 Apr 2008Posts: 7 Posted: Mon Sep 08, 2008 1:16 am Post subject: Setting up a company I have read on other threads that people have set up a Romanian company and gained residence through this. Does anyone know if this is true/still possible? I realise this may not solve my work permit problems but would make it easier for me to enter leave the country (which I will be doing a lot). Thanks Back to top Mike_2007Joined: 24 Apr 2007Posts: 349Location: Bucharest, Romania Posted: Mon Sep 08, 2008 4:56 am Post subject: Yes, as far as I know it's still possible. Your employer, as Bebsi says, really should be handling this, or at the very minimum they should give you a local to help you find the various offices and do a lot of the translating/queuing for you. Decent-sized companies employing a lot of expat workers always have someone whose job it is to deal with these issues. Assuming your company provides you with a work contract then you'll get the work permit (and therefore the residence permit) but it's just a long, tedious and sometimes frustrating process. If they're really not helping on this, then I would strongly recommend hiring the services of someone locally who can do all the paperwork processing and running around on your behalf. It'll be done in half the time and with a tenth of the stress. Mike Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Romania All times are GMT Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. 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On February 27, the European Commission published a document announcing it will take on itself the "lead role" in global environmental governance through "a unified policy framework"- in effect aligning itself with Agenda 21.
Agenda 21
European Commission Announces "Full Engagement" In Agenda 21
On February 27, the European Commission published a document announcing it will take on itself the "lead role" in global environmental governance through "a unified policy framework"- in effect aligning itself with Agenda 21.
In the 30-page document titled A Descent Life For All the EC says it aspires to a "leading role" in an "overarching framework" towards global governance. The commiszars profess to care about worldwide poverty, environmental degradation and other no-brainers, carefully handpicked by an elite-class prepared to use any and every pretext behind which power is being centralized at the international level at the expense of sovereignty at the national one.
"The world has undergone enormous change over recent years", the document reads, "including major shifts in the global economic and political balance, increased global trade, climate change and depletion of natural resources, technological change, economic and financial crises, increased consumption and price volatility of food and energy consumption, population changes and migration, violence and armed conflict and natural and man-made disasters, and increased inequalities."
Quite some parade of calamities the EU is willing to tackle. A lead role is what they work towards, the authors state- and the EC Commiszars are perfectly willing to "debate" their plans with the European (only in name) parliament. A few exceptions aside, this parliament consists of nodding, dozing- sometimes outright sleeping individuals who are there to approve the commission's proposals and send their lunch-bills to the European taxpayer:
"The EU needs to engage fully in the forthcoming international processes with coherent and coordinated inputs at the UN and in other relevant fora. In this respect, the adoption of this Communication should be followed by a debate with Council and Parliament during the spring of 2013 for the development of a common EU approach for the next stages of the ongoing processes (…)"
As the documents lists these stages, we immediately recognize the "overarching framework" as a merging of regional blocks (such as the EU) with the United Nations and Agenda 21. The Commission:
– ensure a comprehensive follow up to Rio+20 and guide the EU position at the UN Open Working Group (OWG) on SDGs, which will report regularly to the UNGA;
"- contribute to the preparation of the UN General Assembly Special Event on the MDGs in autumn 2013, including the report of the Secretary-General and the UN High Level Panel on post-2015, as well as the first meeting of the HLPF. The EU should support moving towards a post-2015 overarching framework. Discussion on the basis of the orientations set out above should make it possible for the EU to come to a common position on how the SDGs and the MDG review processes should best be converged and integrated into a single process to better deliver such a comprehensive framework."
"Converge", "integrate", "a single, overarching process". Words by cautious tyrants. All noses are now pointed in the same direction: towards the realization of the UN's Millennium Development Goals, including Agenda 21.
"To be achievable, the overarching framework should be accompanied by an effort to ensure that all resources are mobilised and harnessed effectively, alongside a commitment by all countries to pursue a comprehensive approach to these resources and coherent and appropriate policies."
To name just a few of these goals:
– climate and energy package and low carbon roadmap for 2050
– 2030 climate and energy policy
– energy efficiency directive
– ongoing legislative proposals on emissions from cars and vans, as well as fluorinated GHG reduction
In my October 10 2012 article EU-Funded Group Outlines Draconian Population Control Scenarios For The Next Forty Years, I covered a document from 2010, funded by the EU and the World Wildlife Fund, titled Scenarios towards a One Planet Economy in Europe, in which several scenarios or "paths" are outlined towards a "one planet economy". The "policy settings" mentioned within the document that are neatly in line with the endgame as formulated in Agenda 21, namely to redistribute wealth globally, "greening" the global economy and to stabilize (read: reduce) the global population. In addition, the authors of this document sketch out a scenario in which the EU will control education and media:
"In 2050", the document reads, "Europeans are forced to adopt green lifestyle habits– for example, via bans on non-essential individual long distance travel. By this stage, air travel has long been too expensive for the majority of people. The state controls or heavily influences all available channels of education, media and marketing to spread this message to continually reinforce its adoption and mould perceptions of sustainability."
This reflects the proposal I covered recently issued by a plethora of prominent scientists to establish an Agenda 21-style scientific dictatorship in the United States. The document by the EU-funded group states:
"By 2020, most media outlets were tightly controlled by the government and used to try to manage behaviour change, selling the "cool to play within the limits" and "green means growth" messages."
In the 2010 document, the authors also envision a future EU where "voluntary and assisted suicide became legal in all EU countries."
European Commissioner for the Environment Potočnik recently stated that he "attaches more importance to behaviour-changing policies such as green taxes rather than 'reactive' policies that punish polluters". Quoting his "good friend" Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, as saying that the idea of governing markets was agreed upon when Agenda 21 was formally created in 1992 at the original Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro:
"Twenty years ago, we agreed what to do, now we have the tools to do it. If we do not go into the heart of economic policy, we will meet here at Rio+40 even more culpable. Markets are social constructs. They are not a force like gravity. They can be governed."
In these couple of sentences effect, the UNEP Secretary-General revealed that, indeed, current economic disparity offers "the tools" to roll out an agenda (21) which was already "agreed upon" in the early 1990s; and second, that our dear Secretary-General wants to go "into the heart of economic policy"; and third, that from the onset of Agenda 21 the idea was to govern free markets. In response to the quote by his "good friend" at the UN, the European environmental commissioner added:
"Yes they can be governed and they must be governed."
Another item where the EU chooses to fully align itself with Agenda 21 is the population control agenda. In its recent proclamation, population is mentioned only once and not explicitly in the context of population control. However, viewed in this particular context, this new step by the EC is consistent with the UN's plan of global population stabilization. The draconian 2010 "One Planet" document:
"The EU must take strong measures to limit population growth both in Europe, but more importantly in the rest of the world in the face of increasing demand at a time when technological innovation is stagnant and global shortages (e.g. of fossil fuels and agricultural land) are pushing up prices. In some European countries, life expectancy stagnates; in others it falls."
Under the the header "Demographics" we read:
"Beginning in 2012, one of the measures taken to control population growth was to phase-out child benefits for multi-children families. By 2020, benefits were only provided for up to a maximum of 2 children. As the economy in general has become more labour intensive, immigration policies were relaxed in order to attract low skilled labour, especially for the agriculture sector. This further adds to social tension in the EU. Bilateral trade deals require trading partners to implement population control measures."
The true nature of Agenda 21 is revealed by the elite's own statements and publications. However "green" the guise may be behind which they hide their true countenance, their actions expose their intent. For the top layer of sociopaths, it's about control. For the uppercrust of this transnational leviathan, it is about quenching bloodlust.
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Contributed by Jurriaan Maessen of ExplosiveReports.Com.


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Other > z - Students' games ‐ David ‐ 2018-02-05
February 5, 2018 by Guo Juan 5p
This is an informal game review, not intended to be a general interest lecture. Any problems associated with this lecture were not made or reviewed by Guo Juan.
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My computer is kinda powerful so I don't know if this code works fast in low-end rigs but at least in my computer the code packs files in just couple of seconds. If it takes too long to pack all your archives you can always make a separate .bat file for every .rfa-file in the archives. Then you can easily pack single files and not all at once.
Things you need:
rfaPack.exe (can be found in the Battlefield Mod Development Toolkit)
notepad.exe (or other text-editor)
Create a YOUR_MOD_NAME.bat file and place it in the same folder as rfaPack.exe
Then just add this in it:
- Code: Select all
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\animations animations "C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\animations.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\bf1942 bf1942"C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\bf1942\game.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\Font Font "C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\Font.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\menu menu"C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\menu.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\objects objects"C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\objects.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\standardmesh standardmesh "C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\standardmesh.rfa"
rfaPack.exe D:\$BF42_mods\MyMod\texture texture "C:\Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\Battlefield 1942\Mods\MyMod\Archives\texture.rfa"
So the first path is the folder which you want to pack. The next argument, the single word (ex. animations, objects or texture) is the name of the "base folder" for the .RFA file. Usually this is the same name as the folder you are going to pack. The last argument, which has quotation marks, is the target directory + filename.
When you double click the file, the program automatically packs your folders without you having to search for the right target patch and all.
This little code will save you a LOT of time. But I still have to warn that you should take copies of your .RFA files from time to time, because if you delete something important from one of your "dev folders" and update your archives, you may not get that important file back.