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Indus Basin
|Year: 2011
|Revision date: --
|Revision type: --
|Regional report:
|Water Report 37
The transboundary Indus river basin has a total area of 1.12 million km2 distributed between Pakistan (47 percent), India (39 percent), China (8 percent) and Afghanistan (6 percent) (Table 1). The Indus river basin stretches from the Himalayan mountains in the north to the dry alluvial plains of Sindh province in Pakistan in the south and finally flows out into the Arabian Sea. In Pakistan, the Indus river basin covers around 520 000 km2, or 65 percent of the territory, comprising the whole of the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and most of the territory of Sindh province and the eastern part of Balochistan. The drainage area lying in India is approximately 440 000 km2, nearly 14 percent of the total area of the country, in the States of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana and Chandigarh. Only about 14 percent of the total catchment area of the basin lies in China, covering just 1 percent of the area of the country, and Afghanistan, where it accounts for 11 percent of the country's area. Very roughly, at least 300 million people are estimated to live in the Indus basin.
Climate is not uniform over the Indus river basin. It varies from subtropical arid and semi-arid to temperate subhumid on the plains of Sindh and Punjab provinces to alpine in the mountainous highlands of the north. Annual precipitation ranges between 100 and 500 mm in the lowlands to a maximum of 2 000 mm on mountain slopes. Snowfall at higher altitudes (above 2 500 m) accounts for most of the river runoff (Ojeh, 2006).
The Upper Indus river basin is a high mountain region and the mountains limit the intrusion of the monsoon, the influence of which weakens northwestward. Most of the precipitation falls in winter and spring and originates from the west. Monsoonal incursions bring occasional rain to trans-Himalayan areas but, even during summer months, not all precipitation derives from monsoon sources. Climatic variables are strongly influenced by altitude. Northern valley floors are arid with annual precipitation from 100 to 200 mm. Totals increase to 600 mm at 4 400 m, and glaciological studies suggest accumulation rates of 1 500 to 2 000 mm at 5 500 m. Winter precipitation (October to March) is highly spatially correlated across the Upper Indus basin, north and south of the Himalayan divide. From 1961 to 1999 there were significant increases in winter, summer and annual precipitation and significant warming occurred in winter whilst summer showed a cooling trend. These trends will impact upon water resource availability (Fowler and Archer, 2005).
The climate in the Indus plains is arid to semi-arid. In the lower plain December to February is the cold season and mean monthly temperatures vary from 14 to 20 °C. Mean monthly temperatures during March to June vary from 42 to 44 °C. In the upper plain mean temperature ranges from 23 to 49 °C during summer and from 2 to 23 °C during winter. Average annual rainfall on the Indus plains is about 230 mm. On the lower plain, Larkana and Jacobabad areas, on average receive about 90 mm of rainfall annually. On the upper plain, Multan receives 150 mm and Lahore about 510 mm of rain. Because of the hot climate, the evaporation rate is very high and the mean annual evaporation on the lower plain (Nawabshah) is 204 mm while on the upper plain (Sargodha) it is 1 650 mm (WCD, 2000).
The river flows are comprised of glacier melt, snowmelt, rainfall and runoff. Outside the polar regions, the Upper Indus river basin contains the greatest area of perennial glacial ice in the world (22 000 km2); the area of winter snow cover is an order of magnitude greater. The glaciers serve as natural storage reservoirs that provide perennial supplies to the Indus river and some of its tributaries (WCD, 2000). The Indus river system forms a link between two large natural reservoirs, the snow and glaciers in the mountains and the groundwater contained by the alluvium in the Indus plains of the Sindh and Punjab Provinces of Pakistan (Ojeh, 2006).
The Indus river has two main tributaries, the Kabul on the right bank and the Panjnad on the left. The Panjnad is the flow resulting from five main rivers (literally Punjab means "five waters"): the Jhelum and Chenab, known as the western rivers with the Indus river, and the Ravi, Beas and Sutlej, known as the eastern rivers. This division came into effect at the time of settlement of a water dispute between India and Pakistan in 1960. Under this Indus Water Treaty, the following rules apply:
All the rivers of the Indus system are perennial (WCD, 2000). Aided by a number of smaller rivers (Swat, Haro, Kunar [Chitral], Tochi, Shah Alam, Naguman, Adezai, Soan, etc.) and streams/Nullahs, these rivers supply water to the entire Indus Basin Irrigation System (NDMA-UNDP, 2010).
The Indus river is the twelfth largest river in the world (Ojeh, 2006) and originates near lake Manasarovar to the north of the Himalayas range on the Kailash Parbat mountain in China at an elevation of 5 500 m. The Indus catchment area is unique in the sense that it contains seven of the world's highest peaks after Mount Everest. Among these are K2 (8 600 m), Nanga Parbat (8 100 m) and Rakaposhi (7 800 m). The river is 3 200 m long out of which 1 114 m are in India. The river has 27 major tributaries above Guddu barrage. The largest tributary is the Shyoke river (640 km long with a catchment area of 20 160 km2) (NDMA-UNDP, 2010). The flow of the Indus river depends on the season, it decreases during the winter and floods the banks during the monsoons.
The Sutlej river originates in China in Western Tibet in the Kailas mountain range and near the source of the rivers Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. The river is 1 536 km long and has a catchment area of 75 369 km2 (of which 70 percent is in India). It flows into Pakistan (Punjab) near Ferozepur and eventually joins the Chenab river close to Punjnad barrage. The Sutlej river has eight major tributaries (all except Rohi Nullah join Sutlej river in India). The largest tributary is the Beas river, which is 464 km long and with a catchment area of 9 920 km2 (NDMA-UNDP, 2010).
The Ravi river originates in the lesser Himalayas range in India. The river is 880 km long with acatchment area of 24 960 km2. It runs almost along the India-Pakistan border. The Ravi river has five major tributaries (Ujh, Bein, Basantar, Deg and Hudiara nullahs [streams]), the upper catchments of which lie in India. The largest tributary is Deg Nullah river, which is 256 km long with a catchment area of 730 km2 (NDMA-UNDP, 2010).
The Chenab river is formed at the confluence of the Bhaga and Chandra rivers, which join at a place called Tandi. Its uppermost part is snow covered and forms the northeast part of Himachal Pradesh. From Tandi to Akhnoor the river traverses high mountains. The river is 1 232 km long and the catchment area is 41 760 km2. The river enters Pakistan a little over Head Marala with very sharp changes in slope. The river has 12 major tributaries. Doara, Dowara, Halsi, Bhimber, Palku and Budhi join close to Marala. The largest tributary is the 120 km long Palku Nullah, with a catchment area of 1 269 km2 (NDMA-UNDP, 2010).
The Jhelum river originates in the Kashmir Valley, about 54 km east of Anant Nag, and is 816 km long with a catchment area of 39 200 km2. The river has ten major tributaries, including Neelum/Kishan Ganga (the largest tributary, is 260 km long with a catchment area of 3 968 km2), Kunhar, Poonch and Kanshi (NDMA-UNDP, 2010).
The first record of gauge heights was made on the Indus at Attock in 1848. The next was on Chenab at Alexandria Bridge in 1879. The most important river gauging stations, called the rim-stations, have continuous discharge data from the early 1920s when the Indus Discharge Committee was established for this purpose (WCD, 2000).
Total inflow from China to India in the Indus river basin is estimated at 181.62 km3. Total inflow from Afghanistan to Pakistan in the Indus basin is estimated at 21.5 km3, 15.5 km3 from the Kabul river (of which 10 km3 come from Kunar river, which first enters Afghanistan from Pakistan and then flows back to Pakistan after joining the Kabul river) and 6 km3 from other tributaries (Pansjir, Gomal, Margo, Shamal, Kuram). The mean annual inflow into Pakistan from India through the western tributaries, the Jhelum and the Chenab, considering the Indus Water Treaty, amounts to 170.27 km3. The mean annual natural inflow into Pakistan through the eastern rivers (the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej) is estimated at 11.1 km3 but, according to the Treaty, this is reserved for India.
The Indus river basin represents an extensive groundwater aquifer, covering a gross command area of 16.2 million ha. The water table was well below the surface (>30 m) and the aquifer was in a state of hydrological equilibrium before the development of the canal irrigation system. The recharge to aquifer from rivers and rainfall was balanced by outflow and crop evapotranspiration. When the canal irrigation system was introduced, percolation to the aquifer was increased in irrigated areas of the Indus basin resulting in the twin menace of waterlogging and salinity. Although, there are disadvantages in having a high water table, it was used for irrigation with dug wells and tubewells in the fresh groundwater zone. In 2000, estimated groundwater extraction from the aquifer was almost equal to the recharge in fresh groundwater areas; although the balance between recharge and abstraction is not uniform across the basin (WCD, 2000).
Water quality
Water quality of the Indus river and its tributaries is excellent. Total dissolved solids (TDS) range between 60-374 ppm (parts per million), which is safe for multiple uses (Bhutta, 1999; PWP, 2000). TDS in the upper reaches range between 60 ppm during high-flow to about 200 ppm during low-flow. Water quality deteriorates downstream but remains well within permissible limits, with TDS in the lower reaches of the Indus (at Kotri barrage) ranging from 150 to 374 ppm. TDS of some of the tributaries such as Gomal river at Khajuri, Touchi river at Tangi Post and Zhob river at Sharik Weir range between 400 to 1 250 ppm (IWASRI, 1997).
Indiscriminate and unplanned disposal of effluents (including agricultural drainage water, municipal and industrial wastewater) into rivers, canals and drains is causing deterioration of water quality in the downstream parts. In 1995 around 12.435 km3/year (40 million m3/day) of untreated water were being discharged into water bodies (Ahmad, 2008b). It was estimated that 0.484 and 0.345 km3/year (1.3 and 0.9 million m3/day) of sewage was produced in Karachi and Lahore metropolitan areas respectively and most of it was discharged untreated into water bodies. The polluted water is also being used for drinking in downstream areas, causing numerous water-borne diseases.
The groundwater is marginal to brackish in quality in 60 percent of the Indus Basin Irrigation System's (IBIS) aquifer (Ahmad, 2008a; 2008b). Groundwater quality varies widely, ranging from < 1 000 ppm to > 3 000 ppm. Besides TDS, there are quality concerns regarding sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) (WAPADA 2006).
Use of pesticides and nitrogenous fertilizers is seriously affecting shallow groundwater and entry of effluents into rivers and canals is deteriorating the quality of freshwater. Almost all shallow freshwater is now polluted with agricultural pollutants and sewage (Ahmad, 2008a; Ahmad, 2008b).
Investments in drainage have been significant during the last two decades, though waterlogging still affects large tracts of land. Soil salinity and sodicity also constrain farmers and affect agricultural production. These problems are further exacerbated by poor quality groundwater (Kijne and Kuper, 1995). In fresh groundwater areas, excessive pumping by tubewells leads to mining and reduction of groundwater quality (WRRI, MONA and IIMI, 1999).
In the 1990s waterlogging in the IBIS area was high in the 1990s because of heavy floods, while droughts in the early years of the current decade (2000-2010) resulted in lowering of the water table and in reduction of the waterlogged area. The overall analysis depicts that there is no change in waterlogging. Currently, in the Pakistani part of the basin, the waterlogged and saline areas are around 7 million ha. During the late 1990s most of the SCARP tubewells were abandoned and farmers were provided support to install shallow tubewells (Zaman and Ahmad, 2009).
The 4 000-year-old Indus civilization has its roots in irrigated agriculture. Canal irrigation development began in 1859 with the completion of the Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) from Madhopur Headworks on Ravi river. Until that time, irrigation was undertaken through a network of inundation canals, which were functional only during periods of high river flow. These provided water for kharif (summer) crops and residual soil moisture for rabi (winter) crops. The UBDC was followed by the Sirhind Canal from Rupar Headworks on Sutlej in 1872 and the Sidhnai Canal from Sidhnai barrage on the Ravi river in 1886. The Lower Chenab from Khanki on Chenab in 1892, and Lower Jhelum from Rasul on Jhelum in 1901 followed suit. Lower and Upper Swat, Kabul river and Paharpur Canals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) were completed during 1885 to 1914.
In the beginning of the 1900s, it became apparent that the water resources of the individual rivers were not in proportion to the potential irrigable land. The supply from the Ravi river, serving a large area of Bari Doab, was insufficient while Jhelum had a surplus. An innovative solution, the Triple Canal Project, was constructed during 1907-1915. The project linked the Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi rivers, allowing a transfer of surplus Jhelum and Chenab water to the Ravi river. The Triple Canal Project was a landmark in integrated inter-basin water resources management and provided the key concept for the resolution of the Indus waters dispute between India and Pakistan in 1960 with the Indus Water Treaty (IWT).
The Sutlej Valley Project, comprising four barrages and two canals, was completed in 1933, resulting in the development of the unregulated flow resources of the Sutlej river and motivated planning for the Bhakra reservoir. During the same period, the Sukkur barrage and its system of seven canals serving 2.95 million ha in the Lower Indus plain were completed and considered as the first modern hydraulic structure on the downstream Indus river. Haveli and Rangpur from Trimmu Headworks on Chenab in 1939 and Thal Canal from Kalabagh Headworks on Indus were completed in 1947. This comprised the system inherited by Pakistan at the time of its creation in 1947. The IBIS, spread over the flat plains of the Indus Valley, is the largest contiguous irrigation system in the world and is the result of large surface irrigation schemes promoted by the British up to 1947 when their Indian colony was divided into India and Pakistan.
At independence, the irrigation system, conceived originally as a whole, was divided between India and Pakistan without considering the irrigated boundaries. This resulted in an international water dispute in 1948, which was finally resolved by the enforcement of the Indus Water Treaty in 1960 under the aegis of the World Bank.
After Partition, Kotri, Taunsa and Guddu barrages were completed on the Indus river to provide controlled irrigation to areas previously served by inundation canals. The Taunsa barrage was completed in 1958 to divert water to two large areas on the left and right banks of the river making irrigated agriculture possible for about 1.18 million ha of arid landscape in Punjab province (Pakistan). Currently rehabilitation and modernization of the barrage is in progress. Also, three additional inter-river link canals were built before the initiation of the Indus Basin Project. The last inundation canals were connected to weir-controlled supplies in 1962 with the completion of the Guddu barrage on the Indus river.
The Indus Basin Project (IBP) was developed in pursuance of the Indus Water Treaty, including Mangla dam, five barrages, one syphon and eight inter-river link canals, completed during 1960-1971, and Tarbela dam started partial operation in 1975-1976. The two main components of IBP were the major storage reservoirs on Jhelum (Mangla) and Indus (Tarbela) to mitigate the effect of diverting the three eastern rivers by India and to increase agricultural production in the IBIS (Table 2). As part of the implementation schedule of IBP, the Mangla Dam Project was taken up first and completed by 1968. In the meantime, the decision was also taken to go ahead with the Tarbela dam after its re-evaluation by the World Bank and lining up of the additional funding. Consequently construction started in 1968, was substantially completed by 1974, and started partial operation in 1975-1976 (WCD, 2000).
As a result of these extensive developments, Pakistan now possesses the world's largest contiguous irrigation system. It commands a full control equipped area of 14.87 million ha (2008) (36 percent is under Mangla command and 64 percent under Tarbela command (WCD, 2000)) and encompasses the Indus river and its tributaries including three large reservoirs (Tarbela, Mangla, and Chashma), 23 barrages/headworks/siphons, 12 inter-river link canals and 45 canals commands extending for 60 800 km, with communal watercourses, farm channels, and field ditches covering another 1.6 million km to serve over 90 000 farmers' operated watercourses.
River water in the Indus system is diverted by barrages and weirs into main canals and subsequently branch canals, distributaries and minors. The flow to the farm is delivered by over 107 000 watercourses, which are supplied through outlets (moghas) from the distributaries and minors. The mogha is designed to allow a discharge that self-adjusts to variations in the parent canal. Within the watercourse command (an area ranging from 80 to 280 ha), farmers receive water proportional to their land holding. The entire discharge of the watercourse is given to one farm for a specified period on a seven-day rotation. The rotation schedule, called warabandi, is established by the Provincial Irrigation and Power Department, unless the farmers can reach a mutual agreement.
In Pakistan, more than 95 percent of irrigation is located in the Indus river basin. In 2008, the total area equipped for irrigation throughout Pakistan was estimated at 19.99 million ha. The total water managed area in Pakistan is around 21.20 million ha, and can be divided according to the following classification:
In 1990, the area equipped for irrigation in Pakistan was estimated at 15.73 million ha and total water managed area was estimated at 16.96 million ha.
The total area equipped for irrigation in the entire Indus river basin is estimated to be around 26.3 million ha, of which Pakistan accounts for approximately 19.08 million ha or 72.7 percent, India for 6.71 million ha or 25.6 percent, Afghanistan for 0.44 million ha or 1.7 percent and China for 0.03 million ha or 0.1 percent. Area actually irrigated is estimated at 24.5 million ha. The equipped area irrigated by surface water accounts for 53 percent while groundwater accounts for 47 percent.
The cropped area in the Indus basin in Pakistan expanded with the increased availability of water from the Tarbela dam. Other factors helped to increase the cropped area: increased numbers of tractors, availability of planting machinery and credit support. A rapid rise in population also encouraged the cultivation of additional areas to meet the growing needs of the population. The major rabi crops in the Tarbela command are wheat, fodder and horticultural crops. Sugarcane also needs irrigation during the rabi season and thus competes for water with rabi crops. There was a significant shift in cropping patterns with the increased availability of water from Tarbela dam. There was a net increase in the cropped area of food grains and cash crops such as wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane. Consequently, there was a decrease in the cropped area of coarse grains and conventional oilseeds.
In the Indus basin, irrigated agriculture saw an increase in area of 36 percent, 44 percent, 39 percent and 52 percent for wheat, cotton, rice and sugarcane, respectively. The overall increase in the cropped area was around 39 percent (Table 3).
Wheat is the leading food grain for human consumption, while its straw is used as a source of cheap roughage for livestock feed. The increase in the area under sugarcane, in particular, is the result of the availability of additional irrigation water from the Tarbela reservoir as it is a crop that demands at lot of irrigation. Other factors that contributed towards this increase were the development of the sugarcane industry and the road infrastructure, both of which provided the necessary linkages for growth (WCD, 2000).
In 2008, total harvested irrigated cropped area in Pakistan was estimated at 21.45 million ha, most of it in the IBIS. The major irrigated crops in the country are wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton and fodder. These crops comprise almost 78 percent of the total harvested area, or 16.6 million ha, with wheat covering 7.3 million ha, rice 2.5 million ha, sugarcane 1.2 million ha, cotton 3.1 million ha and fodder 2.5 million ha (GoP, 2008).
When the IBIS was developed, the drainage needs were initially minimal. Water tables were deep and irrigation water supplies were too low to generate much groundwater recharge and surface water losses. Whatever little drainage was required, could readily be accommodated by the existing natural drainage. The drainage needs, however, increased over time as more irrigation water was diverted and the water table rose to harmful levels causing waterlogging and salinity. The drainage systems mostly have been developed over the last 30-40 years (Bhutta and Smedema, 2005).
Total water withdrawal in the Indus river basin is estimated at 299 km3, of which Pakistan accounts for approximately 63 percent, India for 36 percent, Afghanistan for 1 percent, and China for barely 0.04 percent. Irrigation withdrawal accounts for 278 km3, or 93 percent of the total. Surface water and groundwater account for 52 percent and 48 percent of total withdrawals in the Indus river basin respectively.
Most summer rains are not available for crop production or recharge to groundwater because of rapid runoff from torrential showers.
In the Pakistani part of the basin, in 2005, total dam capacity was estimated at 23.36 km3. Currently, there are three large hydropower dams and 50 smaller dams (more than 15 m high), while 11 smaller dams are under construction. The designed live storage capacity of the three large hydropower dams in the Indus river basin is 22.98 km3 (Tarbela 11.96 km3, Raised Mangla 10.15 km3, which includes recent raising of 3.58 km3, and Chashma 0.87 km3). The current live storage capacity of these three large hydropower dams is 17.89 km3, representing an overall loss of storage of 22 percent (World Bank, 2005).
Pakistan can barely store 30 days of water in the IBIS. Each km3 of storage capacity lost means one km3/year less water that can be supplied with a given level of reliability. There is an urgent need for storage just to replace capacity that has been lost because of sedimentation. Given the high silt loads from the young Himalayas, two large reservoirs are silting rapidly. In 2008, because of the raising of the Mangla dam, the loss resulting from sedimentation was recovered (World Bank, 2005). The designed live storage capacity of 50 small dams is 0.383 km3. Information related to sedimentation and loss of live storage of small dams is not available. Therefore, it was assumed that on average 25 percent of the live storage of these small dams has been lost as a result of sedimentation, leading to a current live storage capacity of these small dams of 0.287 km3.
There are more than 1 600 mini dams (less than 15 m high), which were constructed for small-scale irrigation purposes, but the capacity of these mini dams is low as a mini dam is normally constructed for an individual farmer. Information on the live storage capacity of mini dams is not available and it is negligible compared to small dams. According to certain estimates, the total designed capacity of these mini dams would be in the order of 0.036 km3.
The Pakistani part of the Indus river basin has a hydroelectric potential of about 50 000 MW. Its main gorge, between the Skardu and Tarbela, has a potential of almost 30 000 MW. These include Bashan (4 500 MW), Disso (3 700 MW), Banjo (5 200 MW), Thicket (1 043 MW), Paten (1 172 MW), Racicot (670 MW), Yuba (710 MW), Hugo (1 000 MW), Tunas (625), and Sakardu or Kithara (possibly 4 000 to 15 000 MW). Almost 20 000 MW potential is available on various sites on the rivers: Swat, Jhelum, Neelam, Punch and Kumar (Qazilbash, 2005).
In 2010, India had six large dams in the Indus basin, with a total dam capacity of 18.6 km3. Bhakra and Nangal dams are on the Sutlej river, Pandoh and Pong dams are on the Beas river and Salal and Baglihar are on the Chenab river.
Table 4 shows the large dams in the Indus river basin.
Table 5 shows the barrages in the Indus river basin.
In 1948 India unilaterally cut off supplies to Pakistan canals originating from the headworks located on the eastern rivers of Ravi and Sutlej thereby asserting its right to the waters of three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas and Sutlej). Besides causing a serious setback to the national economy, this would have seriously disrupted Pakistan´s water resources development plans. Therefore, right from its creation, the country had to accord the highest priority to the resolution of water disputes involving India. After protracted negotiations, the dispute was finally resolved and culminated in the signing of the Indus Water Treaty in 1960 (WCD, 2000).
Details of the flows under this Treaty are given in the section: Water resources. This Treaty helped to resolve the issues between the two countries and allowed Pakistan to investment extensively in the Indus Basin Project (IBP) during the 1960s to construct a network of canals and barrages to divert waters from the western rivers to the command of the eastern rivers as replacement works. However, in the last few years Pakistan has objected to India's development of hydropower projects on the western rivers, Chenab and Jhelum.
Baglihar dam, constructed in the Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir and completed in 2008, has been the source of continuing disputes between India and Pakistan. After construction began in 1999, Pakistan claimed that the design parameters of the Baglihar project violated the Indus Water Treaty. Finally, the World Bank held that India had not violated the Indus Water Treaty and said that the dam could be completed with slight modifications in design and without any impact on the 450 MW power component. The World Bank determined that India should reduce the freeboard in the height of the dam from 4.5 m to 3 m. India had offered to do this before Pakistan referred the dispute to the World Bank. Another objection by Pakistan was related to the width of the pondage that India could maintain in the run-of-the river project. India claimed a pondage of 37.5 million m3. This was reduced by a neutral expert to 32.58 million m3, while upholding India's methodology of calculation and rejecting Pakistan's suggestion of a pondage of 6.22 million m3 (The Hindus, 2007; Press Information Bureau, 2008).
Table 6 lists the main historical events in the Indus river basin.
Ahmad, S. 2008a. Keynote Address, paper presented to national conference on "Water shortage and future agriculture in Pakistan - Challenges and opportunities". Proceedings of the National Conference organized by the Agriculture Foundation of Pakistan. August 26-27, 2008, Islamabad, Pakistan
Ahmad. S. 2008b. Scenarios of surface and groundwater availability in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) and planning for future agriculture. Paper contributed to the Report of the Sub-Committee on Water and Climate Change Taskforce on food security 2009, Planning Commission of Pakistan.
BBMB (Bhakra Beas Management Board). 2011. History of multi-purpose river valley project development in Indus basin.
Bhutta, M.N. 1999. Vision on water for food and agriculture: Pakistan's perspective. Regional South Asia Meeting on Water for Food and Agriculture Development. New Delhi
Bhutta, M.N. & Smedema, L.K. 2005. Drainage and salinity management. Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy Background Paper No 15 March, 2005
Bilal Ali Syed. 2007. Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS).
CWC (Central Water Commission). 2007. Indus Basin Organization. Government of India.
Fowler H.J. & Archer D.R. 2005. Hydro-climatological variability in the Upper Indus Basin and implications for water resources.
GoP (Government of Pakistan). 2008. Agriculture statistics of Pakistan. Economic Wing of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Government of Pakistan.
Hussain K. after 1999. Options assessment and the planning system in the IBIS, Pakistan.
India Waterportal. 2011. Indus river basin: an overview.
Inidanetzone. 2010. Indus river.
ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development). 2010. Climate change impacts on the water resources of the Indus basin.
IWASRI (International Waterlogging & Salinity Research Institute). 1997. Integrated surface and groundwater management programme for Pakistan. Surface Water Interim Report No. 98/1.
Kijne, J.W. & M. Kuper. 1995. Salinity and sodicity in Pakistan's Punjab: A threat to sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Water Resources Development, Vol. 11.
NDMA-UNDP (National Disaster Management Authority-United Nations Development Programme). 2010. Pakistan Indus river system. Five-day training course on: Flood Mitigation.
Ojeh E. 2006. Hydrology of the Indus basin (Pakistan).
PWP (Pakistan Water Partnership). 2000. Framework for action for achieving the Pakistan Water Vision 2025. Pakistan Water Partnership. 75 p.
Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2008. PM's opening remarks at the Press Conference.
Qazilbash I. A. 2005. Water and energy. Country water resources assistance strategy. Background Paper # 4 March, 2005
The Hindu. 2007. Baglihar dam: India claims moral victory.
UCLA (University of California Los Angeles). 2010. Indus river.
WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority). 2006. Salinity & Reclamation Directorate, SCARP Monitoring Organization (SMO). WAPDA, Lahore, 2006.
World Bank. 2005. Country assistance strategy. Pakistan's economy running dry. World Bank, Pakistan Resident Mission, Islamabad.
WCD (World Commission on Dams). 2000. Tarbela Dam and related aspects of the Indus river basin in Pakistan.
WRRI, MONA and IIMI. 1999. Spatial analysis of the groundwater in SCARP areas. A case study of the MONA Unit. Water Resources Research Institute, MONA Reclamation Experimental Project and IIMI, Islamabad.
Zakria, V. 2000. Water and environment sustainability. Country water assistance strategy, Background Paper #3, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Zaman, S.B. & Ahmad, S. 2009. Salinity and waterlogging in the Indus basin of Pakistan: Economic loss to agricultural economy. A series of NRD Research Briefing, PARC, Islamabad.
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(Pocket-lint) - Otterbox has developed the Defender: an iPhone 4 case that not only protects the Apple device but also doubles its battery life.
Shown off at this year's Consumer Electronics Show, the Otterbox Defender doesn't look like it's got a 1450mAh li-ion battery built within, but that's exactly what it's hiding inside. And as it matches the iPhone 4's battery power it's said to double up the life per charge.
Designed for the iPhone 4 and 4S, the lack of a Defender for the iPhone 5 or other phones does seem to be a bit behind the curve, but Otterbox will introduce new models further down the line. Besides, that iPhone 4 battery is surely only a shadow of its former self a few years into its contract, so the Defender could be exactly what you need.
There's also an Otterbox app that can cleverly show the percentage of charge left in both the case and the iPhone itself, or the display can be adjusted to show hours remaining. Cool stuff.
The Defender also has front-facing LED indicators to show how much charge is left in increments of 10 per cent. Problem is, the case we saw had spent all its charge, so we're not entirely sure how bright the LED display is or whether it can be switched off separately.
The Defender has to be charged separately from the iPhone itself, which is a bit of a shame as we'd prefer just one cable to juice up both devices at the same time.
It may bulk up the iPhone 4 and add a bit of weight, but for the likes of weekend festivals where electricity is like gold dust, the Defender ought to be a very shrewd investment. It's set to hit the shops in February at a price of $130, with UK pricing yet to be confirmed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Imposing hefty taxes on sodas could curb consumption and make a significant difference in the fight against the current obesity crisis, according to health experts from Oxford University in England. The authors of a study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) proposed a tax rate of 20 percent or more on sugary drinks, which are widely considered a major cause for weight gain both in Europe and North America.
"We've tried other measures to reduce obesity and they haven't worked," said Dr. Mike Rayner, director of the British Heart Foundation, a research group at Oxford University and lead author of the study report.
For the study, Dr. Rayner and his colleagues examined taxation policies on sodas in other countries as well, including the United States. They found that small to modest tax rates of one to eight percent were insufficient to make consumers change their buying habits. But when some cafeterias on high school and college campuses introduced price hikes of 35 percent or more, consumption dropped almost immediately. Taxes on sweetened or carbonated drinks should be on par with tax rates on other unhealthy products like tobacco or alcohol because they are equally as threatening to public health, the study concluded.
The concept of reducing consumption through heavy taxation is not only being applied to sodas in some parts of Europe. Denmark has taxes for saturated fat, Norway taxes sugar and chocolate. High taxes on alcohol are common throughout Europe. A spokesperson for the National Obesity Forum (NOF), an advocacy group of health care professionals in the United Kingdom, said that taxation at high levels would be an incentive for soda manufacturers to reformulate their products.
In the U.S., "cold, bubbly, sweet soda, long the American Champagne, is becoming product non grata in more places these days," according to the New York Times (5/15/2012). "Schools are removing sugary soft drinks from vending machines and local governments are stepping up efforts to take them out of public facilities as the nation's concerns about obesity and its costs grow."
Some school districts have taken up initiatives to reduce or outright eliminate soda consumption among their students. One example is a small town named Faulkton in South Dakota where soda containers are no longer tolerated on school campuses, even if they were purchased outside or brought from home.
"This is really important because sugary drinks are the number one source of calories in our diets," said health advocate Dr. Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). "We get more calories from sodas and sugary drinks than any other individual food – cake, cookies, pizza, anything."
The American Beverage Association (ABA) rejects such characterization. "Singling out one set of products in such an overly simplistic manner only undermines efforts to combat this complex issue," it said in a written statement. The ABA and other industry groups have long objected to imposing taxes on their products, claiming that such measures would damage the industry and lead to job losses.
On the other hand, companies like Coca Cola and PepsiCo have changed their packaging formats in recent years and offer now a wider variety of sizes from 7.5-ounce mini cans to 2-liter plastic bottles. They also raised prices, which turned into higher profits. Especially sales of mini cans are, as one representative put it, "on fire."
It is hard to miss the irony that the same industries that have obsessively opposed taxes on their products to curb consumption are now cashing in on the message first conveyed by health advocates that less is more.
Timi Gustafson R.D. is a clinical dietitian and author of the book "The Healthy Diner – How to Eat Right and Still Have Fun"®, which is available on her blog, "Food and Health with Timi Gustafson R.D." (http://www.timigustafson.com), and at amazon.com. You can follow Timi on Twitter and on Facebook.


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This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2013, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
After visiting Antelope Island last Friday, Alicia Wilson and her mother and sister stopped at a fast-food restaurant in Syracuse to grab a pizza.
Wilson, a Clearfield resident who suffers frequent seizures, said she takes her service dog Ruby everywhere. However, at Little Caesars that day, she was told that Ruby would have to wait outside.
Wilson said. "The cashier said that according to the health inspectors, she was not allowed in the building," Wilson said. "We did not order pizza, and we left."
Wilson, 30, said that she and Ruby have been in plenty of other Little Caesars franchises where she successfully ordered food.
"Considering that medication hasn't been able to stop my seizures, it's pretty important to have Ruby with me," Wilson said of her constant canine companion. "It allows me to be more independent."
Her seizures started about 2½ years ago, Wilson said, and they can each last eight to 15 minutes and occur several times a week.
"While I was attending college, they came on out of the blue," Wilson said. "Doctors don't know why, and they haven't given me a name for them because mine don't fit into a category."
One thing Wilson does know, though, is that without health insurance, she cannot afford to undergo further costly medical tests. So, for now, Ruby does her thing, quietly corralling and protecting Wilson when each unsettling episode occurs.
Wilson has a medical prescription for a service dog, and said that Ruby has identification and keeps her vaccination record inside the of her vest, which has a badge identifying her as a service animal.
Mike Hughes, manager for the Syracuse Little Caesars, was on duty when Wilson and Ruby dropped in last Friday.
"The dog looked like it had a T-shirt on," Hughes said. "I told her we weren't allowed to have dogs in the store, and she said it was a service dog. I said that if it was a service dog, that would be fine, but she turned around and walked out."
The store's policy is no pets allowed, Hughes added.
Wilson questions his account.
"We were in the store for at least 5 minutes talking to the manager," Wilson said. "He told us that his health inspector said that service dogs are not allowed in his store."
Robert Ballew, spokesman for the Davis County Health Department, said if the activity had taken place in the establishment's kitchen or if someone had complained about a sanitation issue, his agency would get involved. But service dogs are governed by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Kathy Bounous, staff attorney for the Utah Department of Workforce Services, confirmed Ballew's statement.
According to the ADA, someone is disabled if they have a physical impairment that has an actual or expected duration of more than 6 months and substantially limits at least one major life activity, Bounous said by email.
"It is evident…that one who suffers from episodic seizures is considered disabled under the ADA," Bounous said.
Both federal and state law back Wilson's right to bring her service animal into restaurants and other public places, Bounous added.
"The only scenario in which Little Caesars could refuse service…is if that disabled person posed a direct threat to the health and safety of others inside their facility," Bounous said, noting that in this case, "that was not an issue."
Wilson could have called Utah's Disability Law Center and staff there would have contacted the business, said Carol Murphy, staff attorney for the Center.
Murphy differentiated between service and support animals. By law, a service animal can either be a dog or a miniature horse that has been trained to provide a specific service.
"The animal doesn't have to be professionally trained and it doesn't have to wear a vest," Murphy said, citing guide dogs for the visually impaired and seizure-alert dogs as examples of service dogs that are covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act
A support animal provides emotional comfort and falls under fair housing statutes, Murphy said.
"We always ask what the dog is trained to do to clarify that it's not just a pet," Murphy said.
By speaking up about such incidents, Wilson said she hopes to raise awareness about the issue.
"Ruby [needs to be] with me just as critically as someone keeps a pacemaker in their chest or some other medical device."
twitter: @catmck
More information
O For more information on the Americans with Disabilities Act, go to http://adata.org/ or call 1-800-949-4232


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Before making computer-related purchases, think carefully about what you want, what you really need—and especially what you don't need.
Our ratings of area computer stores will help you find retailers that employ sales staff that can provide sound advice—and steer you away from stores where they can't.
If you're buying a laptop or desktop computer, because there aren't big differences in track records for reliability among the major brands, compare performance, features, and prices offered by several manufacturers.
Once you decide what you want, shop for price. If you're considering an Apple product, you'll find little store-to-store price variation (unless you buy used). You'll also find only modest price variation for software. But for most other manufacturers and purchases, if you shop around you'll encounter substantial price variation among brands and considerable store-to-store price differences for specific models.
When Checkbook's undercover shoppers surveyed prices at popular online retailers for 33 devices, we found that some outlets on average charge as much as 20 percent more than their competitors for the same stuff. Among the outlets our researchers shopped, we found that Amazon and NexTag offered the lowest prices.
Pay with a credit card. The Fair Credit Billing Act and policies of credit card companies enable you to refuse payment made with a credit card for merchandise that is unsatisfactory or undelivered.
Don't bother paying for an extended warranty. For most shoppers, these warranties are bad deals.


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Test Drive Unlimited 2 Delayed Until 2011
"By moving the title's release date to early 2011, we will be able to further advance the game and take into account consumer feedback to help ensure we deliver a great online lifestyle racing experience," Eden Games studio manager David Nadal explained.
Test Drive Unlimited 2's beta test will also be delayed accordingly. Eden will reveal the new date for the first phase "in the coming weeks."
The MMOR--that's Massively Open Online Racer, acronym adorers--will be released on PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 when it arrives during the first quarter of 2011.
From The Chatty


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To the fans of Nicol.
It's with great sadness, and yet with a heart full of pride and love for a man who was a tremendous father, friend, actor, poet, writer and singer, that I must bring news of Nicol's passing. Dad died peacefully in the early hours of the 16th of December after a two year all out, balls to the wall struggle against esophageal cancer. He gave it all he had: never gave up, never complained, maintained his wicked sense of humor to the end. His last words were 'I love you'. I was with him, he was not alone, he was not in pain.
He leaves behind him an immense body of work: movies, stage performances, music, book narration, poetry and prose. When you saw "Jack, A Night On The Town With John Barrymore" you realised as he sang Nessun Dorma that this man could have been anything, done anything, and been one of the best. The mould is broken, we will never see his like again in the world.
He was the most honest, funny and intelligent man I have ever had the pleasure of knowing; he was my father and words cannot adequately express how proud I am of him. Before he died Nicol was able to finish the CD he had been working on, albeit slightly shorter than it might have been. In the coming month i hope to have it up here on his website.
If anyone would like to express their love or appreciation of Nicol, I would ask them to make a donation in his name -however small- to a charity for children suffering from cancer or other life threatening illnesses.
Nicol was a very private man, he didn't want people to know that he was ill, he was hoping very much to come out the other side of his battle with "Seamus the Squamous" and bring some awareness to the plight of children suffering from the horrors of cancer in all its various forms.
Dad will live in the memory of all those who knew him, all those who were affected by a performance of his they saw, and all those he made laugh until they couldn't breathe.
I love you Dad. Good game, sir, good game.


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VMware has introduced a new software platform that makes it easier for service providers to wholesale their cloud-services infrastructure to other providers.
Cloud Integration Manager automates many of the otherwise manual tasks required to provision services that are delivered through other VMware platforms vCloud Director management software, vSphere virtualization, vShield Edge security and vCenter Chargeback Manager billing.
[RELATED:How secure is cloud collaboration?]
The new product comes with a user interface where users can tick off what features they want to include in services for business customers, and the platform will provision them on the underlying infrastructure, the company says.
The wholesaling vendor can limit how much cloud capacity each of its resellers can sell to protect the cloud from being over provisioned.
Currently cloud services have to be provisioned manually into vCloud Director which in turn configures the virtualization, security and billing platforms.
Cloud Integration Manager is scheduled to be available by the end of the first quarter. It will be demonstrated at VMware Partner Exchange in Las Vegas next week.
VMware is also announcing that its partner program has grown to 94 providers that offer certified VMware vCloud Data Centers or vCloud Powered services. The former sets standards for cloud data centers that providers can build to so customers can move from provider to provider and get exactly similar services. There are seven of these partners.
VCloud Powered Services are provided by 87 partners, which means they support the vCloud application programming interface, but not the core cloud service definitions followed by vCloud Data Center partners.
This story, "VMware Makes It Easier to Wholesale Clouds" was originally published by Network World.


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We review the websites that allow you to legally download the latest songs in MP3 format for as little as 5¢ per track.
Have you ever watched an old TV program or film and thought "I wonder what they are doing now"? Sure you have, which is why brought you What Happened To...!
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There's tons of funny pictures to browse that should stop you from being bored for a minute or two, or you can check out our huge database of hundreds of jokes. Ok, so that's not very original, but this is the Internet, that's the whole point - megabytes upon gigabytes of copied and pasted useless junk!
But wait! There is something vaguely interesting on this site! Yes, believe it or not a tiny bit of thought went into at least one part of this site - the aptly named "What happened to..." (brilliant, isn't it?!) section you can learn what the celebrities of yester-year are up to nowadays.
Wow, you've managed to read all that waffle above - you must really be bored! Talking of things to do, check out our things to do section. It contains, well, things to do to make your boring day a bit less boring.


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Garcia, Jones improving from mixed ailments
GLENDALE, Ariz. -- Avisail Garcia missed Friday's workout due to an ingrown toenail, and White Sox manager Robin Ventura said that Garcia probably would be sidelined Saturday as well.
"[Head athletic trainer] Herm [Schneider] was able to relieve that pressure. He enjoyed it too," said a smiling Ventura, who called Garcia's issue minor. "Herm did. Avi did not."
After playing catch from 90 feet on Thursday, Nate Jones threw off the mound Friday. The closer candidate threw lightly to a catcher standing up, but got a little bit of the downward angle from throwing over the top.
"No discomfort," Jones said. "Maybe tomorrow another step and see where it goes."
"Again, you are trying to make sure he's not doing too much," Ventura said of Jones. "He's pushing it a little bit by trying to ask to get out there. We are holding back some just to make sure everything feels fine when he's out there throwing."
Jones had been sidelined since the start of camp due to a moderate left glute muscle strain.


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SAFTAs introduce new Best Online Content Award
Power to the people, man.
Generations: The Legacy Teasers - January 2021
Gadaffi is rattled, Jack reels and Sphe tries to hide her jealousy.
New on TV today: Friday 4 December
The Kings of Jo'burg take over Netflix and Curiosity Channel rides the trains in On the Rails.
Wanna date actor Neels van Jaarsveld? Here's how!
He's the bachelor of a new 13-episode series Op my Eish and he's looking for a soul mate.
SAFTAs call for jury members for 15th awards
It's never happened before so it's good news that it has. A transparent, national call for jurors.
The Bold and the Beautiful on Eva Teasers - January 2021
Taylor's presence causes all sorts of ructions and questions.
VIA's family swap reality show now casting for Season 2
Each family receives a R5,000 fee for four days of switching lives.
New on TV today: Thursday 3 December
Two shows return tonight: The Titan Games on M-Net and Alaskan Bush People on Discovery.
Idols 16: Top 2 reveal! - song choices
The final three release their singles this Sunday before the ejection of one. See their descriptions of their tracks...
The End of Paradise Teasers - January 2021
Whoop! The first teasers for a fresh, new year. 2021.
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Mopping up: The ebb and flow of the wet Festival
Forget rain dances. Hold a wet-theme film festival in the middle of a drought, and the heavens open up.
Or maybe there was a rain dance of sorts from the UVA umbrella girls who greeted attendees at Thursday's 15th anniversary opening-night tribute to Virginia filmmaking. A clap-happy crowd in Culbreth applauded archivists, the sponsorsactually, anything that moved. Festival director Richard Herskowitz noted that since the announcement of this year's festival theme in September, reservoir levels have risen 15 percent.
By Friday, it was pouring, but the rain didn't seem to dampen the ardor of film fanatics, particularly for Todd Haynes' Far from Heaven and the first of Roger Ebert's three shot-by-shot Chinatown sessions. Ebert's informed cinematic presence is always a highlight for film lovers, and besides conducting his own workshops, this year he went on to chat with Nicolas Cage at the Saturday premiere of Sonny, Cage's first directorial effort.
Sunday the crowds thinned, but film diehards gathered to soak up one last film or two. And afterward, festival goers emerged to notice that the sun was out, and fall had burst into full foliage while they'd been spending the past four days in the dark.
Sell outs: Opening night with Jeff Wadlow and director Ron Maxwell's presentation of Gods and Generals, Ebert's shot-by-shot analysis of Chinatown, Far from Heaven, Nic Cage's Sonny, Leaving Las Vegas, The River with Sissy Spacek, two screenings of Rivers and Tides, the narrated-by-a-fish Maelstrom, and Buster Keaton's silent classic, Steamboat Bill Jr., according to the Film Festival.
Only movie in the Wet festival that features a pregnant woman's water breaking: Former local boy Jeff Wadlow, son of late state senator Emily Couric, gets credit for that in his extreme film-making effort, Manual Labor, which was shot in a week and won him $1 million from Chrysler.
Politics in his blood? Wadlow says the movie he'll make with the $1 million he got from Chrysler will cost $10 million, and he adds, "The Virginia government could use me in the budget department."
Movie we aren't going to race out to see: A 30-minute condensation of Ron Maxwell's Gods and Generals, which will be nearly 3 1/2 hours long when released, features a bloated Jeff Daniels, and the facial hair on the Stonewall Jackson character, resembling a beehive escaped from a John Waters movie, convinces us to wait until it's a TV mini-series.
Most unrecognizable actor: It takes a few minutes to realize that the guest onstage after Gods and Generals is Stephen Lang sans the Stonewall Jackson beehive beard.
Most profitable area of filmmaking: Pornography, as we learn from an NYU film grad student at the opening night gala.
Kiss-kiss: Rita Dove greets Sissy Spacek with big hugs at the gala, also attended by politicos (Rob Schilling, and Rob Bell in a tuxedo), out-of-towners, locals, and film lovers paying 75 bucks to attend the soiree.
"I've never been to a party like this where the bar didn't have any beer": Joe Cress, decked out in a Confederate overcoat, who is in Maxwell's Gettysburg and Gods and Generals, notes the absence of brewskis at the gala and is no doubt wondering how well his $75 has been spent. Fortunately, re-enactor Cress, who hails from Abingdon, carries his own flask of home brew in an inside coat pocket.
Biggest draw for the eco-crowd: The documentary Cadillac Desert, which details Los Angeles' water grab and is "the real story of Chinatown," says photographer Alexandria Searls. Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority chairman Rich Collins, Southern Environmental Law Center's Deborah Murray, and UVA environmental sciences prof Vivian Thompson moderate.
Our unfortunate cultural predilections: That "we need to urinate and defecate into pools of drinking-quality water," observes a member of the Cadillac Desert audience.
Program we had to bolt from before dozing off: Liquid Light 2, water-themed shorts with expert Scott MacDonald, one of eight experimental film programs, made it apparent why avant-garde films are a "cinematic endangered species."
Movie we regretted having to cut out of before it ended: The Finnish movie The River, about which one audience member asked beforehand, "Does this have subtitles? I don't do subtitles."
Most gorgeous cast and furniture: The Scandinavian actors and set in The River.
Where you really get your money's worth: Twenty minutes before his 4pm Chinatown session is scheduled to begin Friday, Roger Ebert is already talking film with audience members, who paid $50 for all three session, or $20 for one.
The downside to Ebert's "democracy in the dark": No detail is too banal for comment from the sold-out crowd at Chinatown. We know we're in trouble when, during its opening credits, a woman wants to discuss whether the curtain-like background is a woman's skirt and what that might mean.
Film noir hallmarks Roger Ebert misses from contemporary cinema (but not real life): Smoking– for its interesting visuals. And hats on men– for the shadows.
Movie Ebert says is the best of the year: Todd "No Show" Haynes' Far from Heaven, which screened Friday night.
Movie experience you can get only at a film festival or at the Smithsonian: A live band accompanying silent movies. This year, the Baltimore-based Annie Watts and Boister performed an original musical score to Buster Keaton's Steamboat Bill Jr.
Who says silent, black-and-white films can't captivate today's film-history-illiterate audiences? The 74-year-old Steamboat Bill Jr. has the audience at Culbreth howling Friday night.
Pouring rain outside, a desert on the inside: Festival goers watching a sneak preview of Phillip Noyce's Rabbit-Proof Fence, the story of three aboriginal girls who travel 1,500 miles across the dry Outback after being removed from their families by the well-meaning, racist Australian government, leave the screening really thirsty.
He's baaaaccck: The festival's worst long-winded proclaimer has audience members ready to drown him on day two of Ebert's Chinatown discussion when his comments ramble on about why studios don't make the same type of films as independents dowe think.
Charlottesville scalping scene: Ticket-holders for Saturday's sold-out world premiere of Sonny with director Nicolas Cage ask up to $50 for a pair of tickets whose face value is $15.
Cherchez la femme? Cage's bride of two months, Lisa Marie Presley, was in attendance at the first screening of her husband's first try as a director, despite the current National Enquirer cover, "Lisa Marie Divorce Blow-up."
The audience loves Cage; jury split on Sonny : David Lynch fans are impressed with Cage's depiction of a young male prostitute, but the reaction from other audience members on his directorial debut ranges from squeamish to downright shocked. Says one: "I brought my 17-year-old son and his date to see a movie with a sex scene using a [policeman's] night stick."
Best dodge: Merely saying he likes directors who "push the envelope," Roger Ebert refrains from offering an opinion on Sonny to the nervous Cage.
The Jaws report: Only one person in the bathing suit-clad audience at the Aquatic and Fitness Center screams in terror during the frightful film classic.
Movie in which Sean Penn deserves to drown: The Weight of Water by Strange Days director Kathryn Bigelow, which premiered Saturday night. Afterward, we had nightmares from sweet little Sarah Polley's performance.
What Roger Ebert says he'll do after three days of dissecting Chinatown: Go home and enjoy the movie without all the interruption.
Highlight of day three at the Ebert shot-by-shot: Watching the famous Faye Dunaway "my sister, my daughter" scene in slow motion.
Martinis for brunch, anyone? The Rutherford Institute's John Whitehead and writer Avery Chenoweth explore the theme of wet as in alcohol-imbued at the under-attended Sunday screening of The Swimmer. Burt Lancaster, looking remarkably buff for 55, wears swim trunks throughout this movie based on a John Cheever short story.
Rode hard and put up wet: After four days of attending the Virginia Film Festival, The Hook vows to cease and desist with the water-saturated metaphors.Read more on: virginia film festival


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Department of Surgery faculty members, both physicians and scientists, are world-renown in their subspecialties. Faculty members are passionate in their clinical care and research practices, as well as being mentors for medical students and trainees. The department also invests significant funds to provide protected time and lab space for junior faculty to perform research.
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Systemic miRNA delivery by nontoxic nanoscale coordination polymers limits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppresses liver metastases of colorectal cancer Biomaterials. 2019 07; 210:94-104. . View in PubMed
Integrated molecular subtyping defines a curable oligometastatic state in colorectal liver metastasis Nat Commun. 2018 05 04; 9(1):1793. . View in PubMed
Author Correction: Integrated molecular subtyping defines a curable oligometastatic state in colorectal liver metastasis Nat Commun. 2018 11 13; 9(1):4827. . View in PubMed
Extremes of body mass index and postoperative complications after esophagectomy Dis Esophagus. 2017 May 01; 30(5):1-6. . View in PubMed
In Vivo Delivery and Therapeutic Effects of a MicroRNA on Colorectal Liver Metastases Mol Ther. 2017 07 05; 25(7):1588-1595. . View in PubMed
Ethical aspects of a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery practice J Vis Surg. 2017; 3:8. . View in PubMed
Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones J Vis Exp. 2016 11 30; (117). . View in PubMed
Oncogenic CXCL10 signalling drives metastasis development and poor clinical outcome Br J Cancer. 2015 Jul 14; 113(2):327-35. . View in PubMed
Imaging of tumor clones with differential liver colonization Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 22; 5:10946. . View in PubMed
14q32-encoded microRNAs mediate an oligometastatic phenotype Oncotarget. 2015 Feb 28; 6(6):3540-52. . View in PubMed
An organized approach to complex ethical cases on a surgical service World J Surg. 2014 Jul; 38(7):1664-7. . View in PubMed
Investigation of the essential role of platelet-tumor cell interactions in metastasis progression using an agent-based model Theor Biol Med Model. 2014 Apr 12; 11:17. . View in PubMed
Effects of duty hour restrictions on core competencies, education, quality of life, and burnout among general surgery interns JAMA Surg. 2013 May; 148(5):448-55. . View in PubMed
Surgical training, duty-hour restrictions, and implications for meeting the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies: views of surgical interns compared with program directors Arch Surg. 2012 Jun; 147(6):536-41. . View in PubMed
Prognostic value of xanthine oxidoreductase expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer Lung Cancer. 2011 Feb; 71(2):186-90. . View in PubMed
An unusual case of Aspergillus fibrosing mediastinitis Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Oct; 88(4):1352-4. . View in PubMed
Pneumonectomy after chemoradiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: does "side" really matter? Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Sep; 88(3):937-43; discussion 944.. View in PubMed


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So much to talk about again. More items to show y'all from Together for Sway which opens up tonight at midnight. Also items from a bunch of different other events. I wanna thank my friend Liq for posing with me! LaRoo's main store is officially open too so go check it out. (Always remember to click on the pictures to make them larger so they look better. WordPress is screwing with me lately!) Enjoy the post!! ❤
Shopping Friend In –


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Tuesday May 28th 2019
SRC Welcome Point, McIntyre Building
You have selected too many tickets. Please select N/A or fewer tickets.
If you cannot make one of our Open Days you can select a date that suits you to come and explore our campus!
Please note: Guided campus tours are only available during the week; if you wish to visit the campus at the weekend then please consult the self-guided tour leaflet here.
One of our Student Ambassadors will show you the key locations of the University and introduce you to life at Glasgow. Tours are around 60 minutes in duration. Please note that tours will take place outside so please wear appropriate clothing for the weather.
The campus tour will depart from the SRC Welcome Point, McIntyre Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ; A22 on our campus map.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
*If you are visiting with a group of potential
students from a school or an International Recruitment Company please do
not register on these tours. For UK/EU group visits please email:
firstname.lastname@example.com and for International (outside EU) group
visits please email: email@example.com
Travel Information:
You'll find information about how to get to Glasgow and to the University at the following link:
Tuesday, May 28th 2019
at 3:00pm
Ends: Tuesday, May 28th 2019 at 4:00pm
Timezone: Europe/London
Bookings close: May 27th 2019
This event is organized by University of Glasgow.
Contact the event organizer
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LIVE IT is a technology partner providing ticket fulfilment services and is not an agent for this event or affiliated with its organizers in any way.


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Beats telling people that you're JewishComments
SEK spies an OLD LADY being crushed by the Christmas tree she's trying to remove from the roof of her car.
SEK: Do you need some help with that?
OLD LADY: Yes, some would be nice.
SEK: Let me take that.
SEK accepts far more weight than this tiny muscles can bear but whatever.
OLD LADY: Thank you. It's good to know someone has the Christmas spirit.
SEK: I'm not a—
OLD LADY: You have the spirit, whatever you are.
SEK: (well-nigh collapsing) I'm not anything.
OLD LADY: Everyone is something.
SEK: Nope.
OLD LADY: Everyone.
SEK: So I get to choose?
OLD LADY: Everyone gets to choose.
SEK: Then I'm Batman.
OLD LADY: Excuse me?
SEK: If I get to choose, I'm Batman.


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Half Blood
- $4.99
- Published By: Devine Destinies
- Author: Liberty Stafford
- Page: 187
- Word Count: 40000
- Publication Date: August 3, 2010
- Series: Bad Blood Corpus #2
- Heat Level:
- Available Formats: Adobe Acrobat, Epub, Hiebook, Microsoft Reader, Mobipocket, Mobipocket (.mobi), Palm DOC/iSolo, Rocket, Sony PDF
- Categories: Paranormal, Romance , Young Adult, Shapeshifter
Ever felt like you don't fit in? Try being only half human. Daniel Otovic is a loner. A misfit. Discovering his father is a vampire doesn't increase his popularity at school. Dhampirs don't fit in anywhere. His cousin, Niko, is a jock. Nobody realises he is a dhampir, too. Except Niko feeds on humans. During detention, Daniel discovers the school talent show is imminent. Captivated by the enchanting singing of Katarina, he is persuaded to take part. His mind is not really on task. He has fallen in love and it's not a good time, having just discovered his paranormal heritage. He has new skills. He can fly. He can run like the wind. He can shape shift. Premonitions haunt him. Most of them are about Katarina and she is in danger. Growing up on the Bosnian border, Daniel could do nothing without Niko. In England, it is no different. Only Niko is hungry and Katarina seems like a tasty meal for him and his newly fashioned jock vampire friends. Can Daniel handle being a dhampir when for years he considered himself a normal guy? He has to handle it. Katarina's life depends upon it.


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Dead Space Getting Prequel Novel
Written by Last Days author Brian Evenson, the novel is said to explore "the back story of the fiction including the history of the Church of Unitology, the discovery of the enigmatic 'Black Marker' and the mysteries behind an alien artefact of unknown power."
Though billed as the "crucial first chapter in the Dead Space saga," the novel is far from the first exploration of the various events that led up to the original game. The animated feature, comic and Wii entry Extraction all served as prequels while Dead Space 2, due between January 1 through March 31, 2011, will move the overall story forward.
People who like cool stuff?


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Portland Timbers netminder Donovan Ricketts had another spectacular showing in Week 20 against his ex-club LA Galaxy and he is looking to make it a league-leading 7th Save of the Week award in 2013.
Two MLS backups stand his way as Seattle's Andrew Weber and RSL third-string Jeff Attinella enter the Week 20 race after unexpected appearances as injury subs over the weekend.
RBNY goalkeeper Luis Robles, who won the SotW award in Week 17, will hope fans find him deserving of a second. While, veteran Galaxy shotstopper Carlo Cudicini, is aiming for his maiden goalkeeping honor in his debut MLS season.
Cast your vote in the poll at right. Voting runs until 11:59 pm PT on Thursday.
Check out complete Save of the Week coverage — including a full archive of 2013 winners.


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Major news outlets are disclosing a development that, if true, could influence the course of broadband economics for the foreseeable future.
The New York Times reports that Google and Verizon are close to a deal that "could allow Verizon to speed some online content to Internet users more quickly if the content's creators are willing to pay for the privilege." Furthermore, Google "would agree not to challenge Verizon's ability to manage its broadband Internet network as it pleased."
The Wall Street Journal's dispatch suggests that an agreement may be forthcoming that both companies "hope could be used as a model for legislation aimed at preventing telephone or cable companies from delaying or blocking Internet traffic."
From these fragments, it's not hard to speculate on the key elements of a possible deal. Google will accept the priority access concept; Verizon will promise not to block or delay traffic, or at least pledge to adhere to broad principles along those lines.
Whatever kind of arrangement is in the works, the reports say an announcement could come as soon as Friday.
United dismay
The search engine and wireless giant have been moving in the same business direction for years, of course. Google's Android operating system runs many Verizon networked mobile phones—Droid X being the latest rollout. And although both companies publicly disagree on net neutrality, they've also published a peaceful coexistence manifesto, outlining broad areas of consensus on questions of network management.
Looks like this give-peace-a-chance thing has gone farther than anyone thought, to the alarm of a sextet of prominent consumer groups.
"We are united in our dismay about an agreement reportedly reached by Verizon and Google," they declared in a statement dispatched earlier today.
"It is unseemly and inappropriate for two giant companies to decide the future of the Internet and how Internet will work for millions of users."
The statement was signed by Public Knowledge, Free Press, the Media Access Project, the Media and Democracy Coalition, the New America Foundation's Open Technology Initiative, and The Center for Media Justice.
Those "secret" meetings
We asked the Federal Communications Commission if they had any comment on this development. At 1:27 AM, Washington DC time, somebody got back to us. "The broad stakeholder discussions continue to actively include Google and Verizon," an agency spokesperson explained.
This is presumably a reference to the Commission's controversial "back room" meetings on the net neutrality question (which everyone knows about). For weeks FCC Chief of Staff Edward Lazarus has been trying to get key industry players to come to a consensus on agency rules or Congressional legislation that could solve the impasse.
Since earlier this year when a Federal court invalidated the Commission's sanctions against Comcast for P2P blocking, the FCC has proposed applying limited telecommunications service regulations to ISPs. These would be based on Title II of the Communications Act, which governs common carriers.
But the idea provoked a huge outcry from the cable and telco broadband providers, prompting the agency to launch these meetings with a handful of prominent companies and trade associations. Although the agency has posted a list of attendants and claims that a wide variety of groups have attended these sessions, we received word from several of them that their ex parte meetings focused on the FCC's own proposals, not on legislation, and are not really part of Lazarus' initiative.
What is certain is that the main attendants of these gatherings include Google, Verizon, the National Cable and Telecommunications Association, Skype, and the Open Internet Coalition, which represents eBay, Facebook, TiVO, Twitter, and Sony. The American Civil Liberties Union and American Library Association also belong to the consortium, as do most of the aforementioned public interest groups.
It's unclear what smaller ISPs and content providers will think of this deal if or when details emerge. It is very likely that whatever Google and Verizon do come up with will be touted in some quarters as the industry solution to the network management dilemma, and the model for legislation as Congress considers rewriting the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
That's exactly what Public Knowledge and company don't want.
"It would be inappropriate for Congress and the FCC policy makers to use this agreement as the basis for public policy," their statement concludes, calling on the agency to abandon its private conferences and to continue pursuing Title II rules.


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CARSON, Calif. – If Real Salt Lake want Josh Saunders, the LA Galaxy are not going to stand in their way.
LA still hold Saunders' rights, after extending bona fide contract offers that the veteran goalkeeper turned down, but they'll swiftly surrender them if another club wants to sign him.
Saunders, the Galaxy's starter in their back-to-back MLS Cup triumphs over Houston in 2011 and 2012, departed the club during the offseason and has been training with RSL in Southern California.
"Whatever those technical issues are, we'll get those resolved," Galaxy head coach/general manager Bruce Arena said. "That won't be in the way of Josh's ability to move on to [RSL] or another team in the league. We'll certainly support a move for him any way we can."
Would the Galaxy ask for a Supplemental Draft pick in return?
"Whatever, you know?" Arena replied.
Saunders played the second half of the Utah side's 1-0 victory over LA in a scrimmage Friday at the Home Depot Center. RSL would not make him available to media, but Galaxy midfielder Michael Stephens said it was nice to go up against his former teammate.
"I was happy to see him," said Stephens, who made his first preseason game appearance after missing victories over the US under-17 national team and USL Pro side Los Angeles Blues while recovering from a minor ankle injury. "Happy that he got picked up and settled and everything."
Saunders is vying for a job backing up veteran RSL goalkeeper Nick Rimando. He had little to do in 45 minutes and was required to make just one save, on a weakly headed shot by Jack McBean in the 32nd minute.
Italian veteran Carlo Cudicini, who signed in December on a free transfer from Tottenham, has been the Galaxy's No. 1 goalkeeper in preseason, and returning backups Brian Perk and Brian Rowe also are on LA's roster. The Galaxy also possess the rights to former Columbus Crew keeper Will Hesmer, who they selected in the second stage draft of December's Re-Entry process, and Arena said there would be "resolution" on his situation soon.


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Refill-Toner for Brother color laser - redirect
This side only consists of technical reasons and therefore should be diverted automatically. If you should be able to read this text, your internet browser does not seem to support any redirect command.
In this case you click on the follow Link: Brother


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CU 351 is a flexible control unit for controlling and monitoring of up to six identical pumps + a pilot pump. CU 351 serves as the controller for Grundfos Hydro MPC booster sets and Control MPC systems.
The CU 351 controller can control up to six identical pumps connected in parallel, adjusting the speed of each pump to optimise performance at all times.
- A built-in start up wizard which guides you through the commissioning of the system making you set the desired parameters in the correct sequence
- The CU 351 speaks your language! The CU 351 incorporates a wide range of local languages
- Access to remote data communication, operation statistics, and much more.
- The large display is easy to navigate, regardless of whether you are using the installation wizard or carrying out day-to-day monitoring.
- The Ethernet connection option even brings the CU 351 interface to your own computer so that no matter where you are, you will always be in control.
- Standby pump setup (In CU 351 you can allocate standby pumps for increased security).
- Setting of Redundant sensors (redundant sensors are equivalent to backup sensors)
- Energy savings


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CANA is small in appearance and light in feel, but can carry more than what you need. Throw your wallet, phone, and basic necessities into your CANA and step out on the weekend stress-free. Soak in the relaxing energy while enjoying a fresh cup of coffee and an irresistibly delightful breakfast.
Light Gray
Main fabric: 100% nylon
Inner lining: 100% nylon
w24 x d3 x h18cm
Delivered In
4-7 business days from the day of order (excluding holidays)


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Bill Blass
Black Off the Shoulder Tri-Color Gown
Sophisticated Bill Blass tri-color gown off the shoulder gown that dates from the 1980's. Upper body is black jersey. Unique drop waist color blocked satin skirt starts at the hips with a wide purple band. Longer brown satin layer is gathered drops gently to the floor with a slight flare. Back zip closure. Excellent vintage condition. Fits US size 8-10.
Length 58" | Shoulder 20" | Arm 16" | Bust 35" | Waist 36" | Hip 40"
Returns, Refunds and Exchanges Policy
ALL vintagecouture.com SALES ARE FINAL
If you believe you have a valid reason to return your item contact must be made within 24 hours of receipt of purchase. If vintagecouture.com determines that your item is eligible for return the process must begin within 48 hours of receipt of purchase with a dated email explaining the cause.
Address for returns please contact us.
Payment Policy
Accepted Methods of Payment
Credit Card (Visa, Master Card, American Express, Discover)
All transactions on VintageCouture.com are charged in US dollars.
Credit Card Charges
Your credit card will be charged in US dollars when you place your order. If we are not able to fulfill your order for any reason your credit card will be refunded.
Shipping Policy
All orders are shipped within 48 hours Monday - Friday 8am - 5pm.
We use the following carriers to deliver our orders:
Canada Post
Certified private courier service Messenger International
Order Tracking
If a tracking # is provided by the shipping carrier, we will update your order with the tracking information.
Shipping Rates
The rate charged for the shipping of your order is based on the weight of your products and your location. Before the final checkout page you will be shown what the cost of shipping will be and you will have a chance to not place your order if you decide not to.
Sometimes items will incur additional taxes, tariffs, duties or customs fees when shipping to another country. All associated costs are the sole responsibility of the buyer. Vintagecouture.com cannot be held responsible for any of these extra costs. Shipping fees, duties, customs and all costs over and above the actual cost of the item will not be reimbursed under any circumstances.
Vintagecouture.com is not responsible for any delays caused by destination customs clearance processes or your local postal service. We are not responsible for any lost packages under any circumstances. If you have concerns you must request full insurance coverage or it is your sole responsibility to accept the loss. NO EXCEPTIONS. Unless insurance is requested for the full value, lost packages will not be reimbursed. If you provide the wrong address or move or are not there to pick up the package and it is lost subsequently - vintagecouture.com will not reimburse your shipping or order costs. If you do request insurance and an item is lost you will be reimbursed once the claim has been processed and monies are received by vintagecouture.com. Not before.
Privacy PolicyThis policy covers how we use your personal information. We take your privacy SERIOUSLY and will take all measures to protect your personal information.
What Information Do We Collect?
We only collect information that we need that is related to your order. This includes your:
Billing Address
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Credit Card Information
In addition we also collect information on your IP address, browser type, and Refer URL data. We use this data to prevent hacking attempts, help us know what web browsers people are using, and find out where our visitors are coming from so that we can improve our marketing.
How Is My Information Used?
Your information is only used to fill your order. We do not sell or redistribute your information to ANYONE.
Security and Storage
Only your order data billing, shipping, and order contents data is stored on our server. This information is encrypted using a Secure Sockets Layer before it is transmitted over a web server. We do not store your Credit Card data.
Cookies and Browser Information
Cookies are small files that reside on your computer and allow us to recognize you on your next visit or store your shopping cart contents. We use them only to track this information.
Bill Blass
Bill Blass attended the Parson's School of Design in 1940 and shortly after graduating he went to work for Anna Miller where he developed the glamorous style for which he was best known. In 1959 Anna Miller became Maurice Rentner and Blass became the head designer. By 1960 his name appeared on labels and in 1970 he bought the company and the name was changed to Bill Blass, Ltd. Known as one of the major American fashion designers, Blass was credited with bringing back the cocktail dress in 1975 and was as famous for his day wear as he was for his evening wear. His luxurious clothing made from ornate fabrics in bright colors defined American fashion of the time and he was a fan favorite of the First Lady, Nancy Reagan.


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A Traditional Italian Inspired Wedding at Holman Ranch in Carmel Valley, California
Brittany Gori (28 and in digital media sales) and Justin Forni (28 and a paramedic firefighter) met when they were just 16 years old. Brittany's best friend had moved away and attended a different high school, where she was welcomed by Justin and his friends. Brittany took a trip to visit her and was then introduced to Justin. It wasn't until many years later at a birthday party for their now mutual friend that the two met again. They spent the entire party together dancing to "Time of My Life" on repeat, even practicing the infamous lift from Dirty Dancing. After the two had moved to San Francisco together, Brittany's sister planned a visit. As they walked to meet up with her for dinner, Justin surprised Brittany with a proposal outside the Palace of Fine Arts and an engagement party with all of their closest friends and family. Brittany and Justin held their wedding at Holman Ranch, a rustic venue with breathtaking scenery that had space for every part of their wedding from the rehearsal dinner to the reception. They were able to create a glamorous, old world atmosphere with cream tones and metal accents. Their color palette popped against the seasonally transitioning surroundings and tied in their simple white flowers. The dinner menu focused on traditional Italian plates of mushroom risotto and gnocchi with pesto alongside a variety of farm fresh vegetables. His and Hers drinks were served as guests mingled by the candy bar and the cigar booth before settling down to watch Brittany and Justin's surprise choreographed first dance. Every detail was reflective of both the bride and groom and made for a fun night with friends and family.


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Sorry, Joey. Everyone knows that Ryan Gosling's sparkle doesn't come from a pulled up hoodie and a 5 o'clock shadow. It comes from being born atop a sacred mountain where he grew up ingesting rays of sunlight until descending onto our mortal coil to gift us with a slew of Internet memes and magical sound bites. Good effort, though.
Ryan Gosling Doppelganger of the Day [The Daily What]


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Equity futures are down this morning. Below is a 60 minute chart of the DOW futures on the left and 5 minute chart of the S&P futures on the right that show the overnight action:
The dollar is up sharply, while the Euro is down sharply on concerns that Greece's bailout may be falling apart. Of course it's falling apart, that's because it makes no sense and the math is impossible. You cannot save a drowning person by throwing water on them, and you cannot save a person unwilling to help save themselves – more on that concept later. Bonds are higher, both oil and gold were lower overnight but just turned positive again.
Yesterday's advance to new highs was on the lowest volume of the year. The divergence between price and volume has been in place all year, it is historic in nature, as in there has never been such a large and sustained divergence in modern history. Then again, we are witnessing the collapse of the largest debt bubble in history too and we need to be cognizant of the flow of funds.
The move down in bond prices, up in yields was huge yesterday and left large gaps in the charts. Today's action indicates that we may get some backfilling. The move did break the very large necklines and long term trendlines on the longer duration charts.
Below is a 2 year chart of TLT, the 20 year bond fund. You can see the smaller Head & Shoulders pattern and the larger H&S pattern, BOTH are now confirmed, doesn't matter if prices rise back up above the neckline. The green trendline you see is a long term uptrend line that is now clearly broken as well:
Below is a 6 month version of TLT, you can see that prices closed below the lower Bollinger Band and that the move came on very heavy volume. Unlike equities, here volume is confirming price:
The chart of the TNX (10 year Treasuries) is telling the same story. Yields went over 4% yesterday and closed just below. The large inverted H&S pattern is now confirmed, the target is now 6%, but it may take anywhere from a few months to a year or even two to get there, this is a very large pattern, it will take a while to play out:
What will 6%, a 50% increase in interest rates do? It will make houses about 20% less affordable. It will mean that all the people who have Adjustable Rate Mortgages that are rolling over soon, and there is a giant wave of them coming, are facing the prospect of attempting roll-over into higher rates with homes that are likely underwater already. This wave will put them even deeper underwater.
Yesterday equities rose, the dollar rose, oil rose, and gold rose. Bonds (DEBT) lost. That is all about the asset wheel. The supply of debt is a tsunami that has already crested and is now landing on shore. The government is but a sponge placed upon the beach, they cannot stop it, they cannot buy up all the debt.
No word on the emergency meeting on rates yesterday. That's a weird one, only Market Watch carried it, there has been no release or otherwise mention about the meeting that supposedly occurred yesterday. If anyone sees anything on it, please forward to me, thank you.
Here's a report on Office Vacancy rates that came out yesterday, the highest in 16 years:
NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Office vacancy rates are now at their highest level in 16 years, according to a report published Monday, as elevated unemployment levels across the country continue to temper the demand for space.
Roughly 700 million square feet, or 17.2%, of the more than 4 billion of available office space nationwide was unoccupied as of the end of March, according to the real estate research firm Reis. The last time office vacancies were this high was in 1994.
And we are learning more about the stupendous Jobs Report that showed 162,000 jobs were created. More than 48,000 were temporary Census workers, there were 81,000 phantom jobs supposedly created by new businesses using their "birth/death" model (that doesn't work), and there where another 40,000 temporary jobs, meaning that in reality no meaningful jobs were created at all. And we require 150,000 to 250,000 new jobs each month just to stay even with population growth (depending upon who you ask).
We are now marking the one year anniversary of the return of Mark-to-Fantasy accounting standards. Stock market's been going up ever since. Imagine that, letting the bankers who own the quant computers, operate "dark pools," and run the "Federal Reserve" mark their debt portfolios to their own models. And stocks have been going up the entire time. Just wait and see what happens next, it's what happens when you turn over the money power to private interests. The fact that we allowed it, and the fact that the people have done nothing to stop it means that we deserve what's coming to us.
Those who think that gold and silver are honest money are going to get what's coming to them too. They in fact are the opposite of "honest" money, they are the most manipulated commodities on the planet. Today it is very likely that there has been many times the amount of gold and silver sold on paper than exist in reality. My caution to you is that there could easily be a run on the metal should that fact be fully realized. If you are "hedging" via the metals, we are at the stage of the game where taking physical possession is simply the smart thing to do.
Using only precious metals to back our money? Utter catastrophe. The central bankers are the ones who hold the vast majority of it now, the private bankers have stolen and swapped away a large portion of our reserves from us and from the entire world. The IMF, for example, is now the world's third largest holder of gold. If you create a gold money system, you are simply giving control right back to the same people who already control it via debt. Debt, gold, they don't really care, they own you either way. If you are tired of being owned and you seek true freedom, you will find it, it is there waiting for you to take it if you dare.
Jefferson Airplane – Volunteers:


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Tie-breaker: Fenwick pulls ahead by 5 in council race
4 comments
Don't give up just because you lost by decision, Wes. Start jogging in the clouds with me and my white unicorn!
I wouldn't trust the C-ville's registrars office as far as I can throw them. They left our info on laptops willy nilly unsecured in Washington Park a few years ago, and the laptops were stolen. Also voter info is used to to jam folks for jury duty, and by anyone else who wants it hence I withdrew my name from the voting rolls. Might as well live in Russia.
Well, anyone who is so determined to avoid jury duty probably isn't someone who we'd want serving anyhow. Having been chosen several times,not saying its something I'm thrilled over but I'd certainly never try to come up with some specious reason to avoid it. In fact, I regard it as a vital part in one's role as a citizen. not some imposition.
Congrats to Bob Fenwick, the only one I would have voted for had I still lived in the City.


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Airmen with more than 60 days of leave at the beginning of next fiscal year may be able to carry it into the next fiscal year thanks to a provision in the FY 2013 National Defense Authorization Act. The provision extends the maximum leave carryover of 75 days through Sept. 30, 2015, according to Senior Master Sgt. Kreig Cressione, Air Force Personnel Center Special Programs Branch Chief.
For information about the military leave program and other personnel issues, visit the myPers website at https://mypers.af.mil.


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Endless Plains: An Interview with Polly Morgan
Polly Morgan is an artist notorious for her taxidermied animal assemblages that skillfully transform a tradition often seen as kitsch or macabre into elegant and highly sought-after creations. Initially training with professional taxidermist George Jamieson, Morgan set out not necessarily to make art, but rather as a way to furnish her own flat. She continued to create, trying preserving the moments between decay and death,[…..]