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March 9, 2013
Box Score | Notre Dame at Louisville Box Score
LOUISVILLE, Ky. (AP) – Peyton Siva and Gorgui Dieng added another major achievement to their impressive legacy at Louisville.
Siva and Dieng, who helped the Cardinals win the BIG EAST tournament and advance to the Final Four last season, played key roles Saturday in a 73-57 victory over No. 24 Notre Dame that gave Louisville a share of the regular-season conference title.
Dieng had 20 points, 11 rebounds and five blocks, and Siva posted 13 points and five assists in his final home game for the Cardinals (26-5, 14-4 BIG EAST), who finished tied for first place with Georgetown and Marquette.
Louisville receives a bye into Thursday's quarterfinals at the BIG EAST tournament, where coach Rick Pitino's team will defend its 2012 championship.
Dieng and Siva were honored before the game as part of Louisville's senior day festivities. Dieng, a junior center from Senegal, is expected to enter the NBA draft after the season.
Siva's brother and sister drove for two days from Seattle, joining more than 30 family members on hand for the celebration. Siva's father, a regular at Louisville games, kneeled at midcourt and kissed the Cardinals logo following the pregame ceremony.
"It really was a storybook ending for the two guys playing tonight," Pitino said.
Siva's family inundated him and his teammates with candy-filled leis following the game, a nod to their Samoan heritage. He called the gathering, many watching him in person at Louisville for the first time, his favorite moment ever.
"They kept covering me with these leis and I kept telling them I can't see or breathe," Siva said. "It's part of our tradition – they did it my senior night in high school. My teammates stole all of them and ate all the candy already. Hopefully they don't have a stomach ache tomorrow."
Siva ranks second in school history in assists (631) and is five steals shy of breaking the Louisville record. Pitino couldn't introduce his point guard before the game, only mentioning his name to avoid emotions overtaking him.
After the win he called Siva "the most unbelievable young man to ever put on our uniform."
When Louisville played at Notre Dame a month ago it took five overtimes before the Fighting Irish won 104-101 in the longest regular-season game in BIG EAST history.
In fact, five of the last six and six of the past eight matchups between the schools went to overtime before Louisville took charge on Saturday.
Pitino set a goal for his team to close the season with seven straight wins following the Notre Dame marathon. His team completed the task Saturday and will face the winner of the St. John's-Villanova game on Thursday in the BIG EAST quarterfinals.
Garrick Sherman led Notre Dame (23-8, 11-7) with 14 points. The Fighting Irish will play Wednesday in the conference tournament at Madison Square Garden.
Louisville shot 67 percent (16 of 24) for its best first half of the season.
"We kind of ran into a buzz saw today," Notre Dame coach Mike Brey said.
The Irish held the Cardinals without a field goal for nearly six minutes early in the second half to cut the lead to 45-40 on Pat Connaughton's 3-pointer with 12:42 left. That was as close as Notre Dame got. Dieng's turnaround jumper on the baseline with 10:33 left gave Louisville a 49-41 lead and started a 10-2 run.
Siva's third 3 of the game with 2:26 left and alley-oop layup on the next possession sealed the win.
Louisville never trailed and led by as many as six throughout most of the first half before Siva helped break the game open. His two 3-pointers, with an alley-oop assist to Chane Behanan in between, gave the Cardinals a 30-21 lead at the 6:14 mark.
Kevin Ware followed with a steal and layup that put Louisville up by 11, its largest advantage of the half. Siva's floater in the lane with 51 seconds to go gave the Cardinals their 37-27 lead at the break.
Notre Dame had held three of its previous four opponents under 50 points, but Louisville's strong first half ended any chance of repeating that defensive effort.
Irish guard Jerian Grant, whose 12-point flurry in the final 45 seconds of regulation sent the first matchup to overtime, was held to eight points after scoring 21 in each of his last two games.
Louisville earned its second BIG EAST regular-season title since joining the conference in 2005. The Cardinals also won in 2008-09.


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chron bronchitis - Bronchitis - Definition, Symptoms and Treatment
Bronchitis - Definition, Symptoms and Treatment
Definition It is a type of respiratory disease. It involves inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial passage of the lungs. Coughing spells, breathlessness and thick phlegm accompany this breathing difficulty disease. They are caused by the thickening and swelling of the irritated membrane which closes or narrows down the tiny air passages inside the lungs and makes breathing troublesome. There are two types of bronchitis-chronic and acute.
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(4) Home Medications - The pulp of the fruit of the belleric myroblan is mixed with long pepper, salt and honey. This is to be taken once a day. - Clove oil mixed with garlic and honey helps to eliminate spasmodic coughs which are produced in tuberculosis, asthma and
. This mixture must be taken every night before going to bed.
"Side Effects" It's a good remedy for many health problems. It could almost be called a "cure-all." It's good for colds, influenza, asthma, coughs. It soothes nerves, help liver and kidneys, and helps most all stomach problems.
In Ayurveda, coughing is known as Kaasa roga. It is predominantly an effect of the vitiation of the vata dosha. But the pitta and the kapha doshas can also cause coughs. Based on the causative factor, there are five types of coughs ' vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja and kshayaja.
- Belleric Myroblan (Terminalia belerica) The fruit of the belleric myroblan has excellent curative powers in the treatment of coughs caused due to catarrh.
- A very simple way to stop coughs in the night is to place three to four pieces of long pepper in the mouth. Chew them slightly so that their extract oozes into the mouth. As long as the peppers remain in the mouth, the urge to cough will be suppressed and you will get a restful sleep at night.
- Betel (Piper betle) Betel leaves when crushed, made into paste with water and applied externally on the chest have amazing effects in the treatment of coughs.
It is taken in the form of a tablet and also in the form of oral suspension. The side effects of Azithromycin include: i. Irritated stomach
Echinacea: Strengthen the immune system and to help the body promote the overall health of the upper respiratory tract. Also relieves sore throat.
The Symptoms: Almost continual coughing; coughing up quantities of mucus and phlegm; shortness of breath and wheezing. These symptoms may become very severe and disabling.
Quit smoking. If your physician has not limited your fluid intake, consume water or fruit juices or other such healthy fluids once an hour. You can take the help of medication/drugs like acetaminophen or aspirin to give relief to your aching body. Keep away children from aspirin. Consult your physician for best results.
is a respiratory disease in which the air passageway between our nose & lungs inflames. It is of two type - short term or acute, long term or chronic. Chronic
is a worst condition for any individual to be in.
First, The Cause: Acute bronchitis may become chronic if it is not properly treated and relieved. When a cold is allowed to continue, the infection may extend down into the lungs and become chronic. Occasionally, if it is not cured, it may encourage the development of tuberculosis or some other serious chronic lung disease.
- Garlic (Allium sativum) Garlic is an excellent remedy for whooping cough. The syrup of two to three pieces of garlic must be taken two to three times a day in the case of whooping cough. If the symptoms still persist, or if it is a severe cough, then the dosage must be increased.
Its side effects include irritated stomach, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. In extreme cases this medication leads to some very severe side effects like atypical bleeding, seizures, & too much fatigue.
- Use old rice in the diet. Wheat can also be used beneficially. - Do not consumer any fruits or vegetables that can cause excessive cooling of the body. Foods like cucumbers, green bananas, papayas, watermelons and oranges must be strictly avoided.
Everyone should keep herbs on hand for colds and influenza and not let them develop into chronic bronchial trouble. Medicinal Herbs Sage: Used for
and al kinds of lung trouble and throat sicknesses.
ii. Loose bowel movement iii. Vomiting iv. Pain in the patients' stomach & abdomen v. Skin irritations like rashes that are usually minor
Kshataja cough is vata vitiation to the extreme limit. There is dyspnoea and blood in the sputum. Kshayaja cough is a very serious kind of cough in which pus is observed in the sputum.
Abhishek is an ex-
sufferer and he has got some great tips for
Treatment! Download his FREE 100 Pages Ebook, "How To Win Your War Against
" from his website http://www.Health-Whiz.com/797/index.htm. Only limited Free Copies available.
- Make a decoction of licorice in honey. Consume this decoction so that it makes good contact with the inner lining of the throat. This will relieve cough and the feeling of irritation in the throat.
Jim Bary
- Euphorbia (Euphorbia hirta) Euphorbia is a very potent medicine in the treatment of all kinds of cough. It enjoys a special position in Indian herbology in treating the coughs caused due to colds, asthma and bronchitis.
Some types of pills included under this header are - Septra, Bactrim, etc. 3. Azithromycin This one is most oft used to treat the patients suffering with bacterial infections arising
& pneumonia.
Amcipillin's usual side effects include skin irritation, diarrhea, soreness of the tongue and/or mouth, vomiting, etc. This medicine is most oft given to the adults.
Treatment Please do not commit the blunder of waiting for all of the above mentioned symptoms to appear. Seek medical assistance. Take enough rest.
- Henna (Lawsonia inermis) Henna is a definite remedy for sore throat and the related cough problems. (2) Dietary Treatments for Cough - Cold foods must be avoided as these can aggravate the throat further. Water that is drunk normally also must be warmed a little before drinking.
This antibiotic primarily ministers over the mild and moderate infections occurring in the course of respiratory system functions. The brand name linked with this antibiotic is Ketek.
Cough suppressants or expectorants will help to loosen mucus. Since most
cases are viral attacks, you can give antibiotics a miss. Antibiotics, however, may be necessary if a bacterial infection has led to
or if he has impaired lung function. In cases of chronic
, oral or inhaled steroids for reducing inflammation, annual flu shots, one shot pneumonia vaccine, or/and supplemental oxygen are to be taken, as advised by your doctor, to protect your vulnerable lungs.
- Figs are known to clear the buildup of phlegm in the chest cavity. This brings about an elimination of cough. - Make a powder of cardamom and dissolved it in water. Take this thrice in a day. This will keep all types of cough at bay.
6. When the side effects rise too much, consult you physician as he may change or stop the medication. 7. The medications have their own advantages & disadvantages. If the dosage is taken well enough with the help of the caregiver or some family member it would show up all positives and minimum negatives.
Vataja cough is dry and hacking in nature. There is little phlegm observed. Side symptoms are headache and pain in the chest. In pittaja cough, there is yellow sputum which may sometimes have streaks of blood in it. Other symptoms like fever, excessive thirst and burning sensation in the mouth and the pharynx are also felt. In kaphaja cough, there is a thick mucus discharge, which is slimy and white in color. This cough makes the whole body feel heavy.
Symptoms There may or may not be a fever. Breathing will be a difficult task, accompanied by a wheezing or rasping sound. The patient will feel lethargic and depleted of energy. Another common symptom is a
persistent cough
that produces mucus and may throw up blood. The patient may experience shortness of breath. The other warning symptom is a chest cold which has lasted for more than a fortnight.
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The usual brands manufacturing this antibiotic are Zitromax, Aztrin, and Zmax. 4. Amoxicillin This drug is quite commonly prescribed one for many ailments. Amoxicillin is available in the form of capsules, tablets (that are chewable for children), liquid suspension, pediatric drops, etc.
4. In case you have missed a dose, make sure to take it and get to the normal cycle, soon enough. 5. In case the patient is pregnant, you must consult the OB-GYN to check if the medicines are suited to your condition.
Some forms of stomach trouble may be a cause of bronchitis and even pneumonia. This is particularly true of those persons who bring up acid and other stomach contents into the mouth while asleep, and then aspirate it into their lungs.
The antibiotics when prescribed in the cases of
, do not exactly treat
. They decrease the infections that aggravate the symptoms of the ailment. The medical experts explain that some antibiotics have been great help in decreasing the cough just after one or two weeks of decreasing the infection in the patient.
"Side Effects" It cleanses the blood and can be used healing most everything as it boosts the immune system. Licorice: Used for lung and throat problems.
, coughs and congestion, ect. It has been shown to support antiviral activity, support the stress response, as well as inflammatory response
An antibiotic is a type of medication that is prescribed to a patient to destroy and/or put off the growth of bacteria. Depending on the infection you are afflicted with, the antibiotic is given to the patient.
- Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) Fenugreek seeds are effective in the removal of coughs that are associated with sore throats. The seeds are boiled in water for half an hour and this water is used to take gargles.
5. Telithromycin While
chronic bronchitis
is quite a serious ailment and needs a very vital treatment, telithromycin is commonly used to treat it now a days.
- Prepare an extract of ginger. Sweeten this with honey. Take this in a teaspoonful quantity three to four times a day. There will be confirmed positive results.
"Side Effects"
It is a mild laxative and great for cough syrups. Don't take if you have blood pressure problems.
To see the herbal formulas that are used for this, or for a database of Natural Medicine, or to request your own report on the treatment of your health issue check out http://NaturalHealthDocs.com by clicking here:
remedies. It's All Free.
- Prepare a mixture of extract of tulsi (holy basil) leaves with ginger and honey. This is better than the above method for the treatment of coughs. This mixture must be taken if the cough is severe, and is caused due to some serious ailment such as tuberculosis,
, etc.
Cough is not a disease actually; it is a symptom of any kind of obstruction in the respiratory tract. Coughs can originate in the pharynx, bronchial tubes, trachea and the pleura lining of the lungs.
(1) Useful Herbs in the Treatment of Cough - Bay Berry (Myrica nagi) The bay berry is very effective in curing throat congestions which causes the coughs. It can even cure coughs that are caused due to chronic
. Its bark is the effective part which is to be taken in the form of a powder.
Some antibiotics quite commonly used to cure the acute & chronic
are as follows: 1. Ampicillin This is used to treat the infections developed with acute bronchitis. In case you are prescribed this medicine, you must take a glass full of water with in 30 minutes or 2 hours, after having the meals.
- Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Cloves can reduce the irritation of the throat. Cloves are more effective if the coughs are produced due to inflammation of the pharynx.
2. Trimethoprim This antibiotic is primarily used to cure the respiratory tract's infections. Other uses of trimethoprim include treatment of urine & ear infections.
Stay away from fumes, pets, dust, or other such irritants. Utensils used for eating and food should not be shared. Hands should be washed often.
2. Make sure to mention clearly about the allergies you have with any all sort of elements, mainly food & medicines. 3. Be sure to complete the dosage prescribed by the doctor and not leave it in the midst else the infection would continue to persists in the body.
Safety Precautions While Taking Antibiotics In case you are diagnosed to have
and now it has become a must for you to have antibiotics, there are many precautions that you must take in order to minimize the side effects.
and the other infections can be relieved very effectively with the specific & prescribed antibiotics, given that you take them in the prescribed manner. The ways to deal with the common side effects are as follows:
- Butea (Butea monosperma) Butea leaves can treat congested and inflamed throats. They are effective in the treatment of coughs and sore throats. The leaves are boiled in water. This solution is used as a mouthwash to get the desired effects. Coughs caused due to septic and sore throats are treated in this manner.
Some of the commonly known side effects of this antibiotic are stomach pain, diarrhea, swollen tongue, and sometimes it can lead to the failure of having proper diet due to difficulty in eating properly.
The brands that manufacture this type of antibiotic are Trimox, Amoxil, Sumox, etc. This one is usually prescribed for the young children inflicted with
- Fennel seeds are effective in the treatment of cough. These must be taken along with figs for better results. (3) Ayurvedic Treatment for Cough - Ayurvedic doctors prescribe slightly different kinds of medicines depending on which type of cough is observed. a) If the cough is of vataja type, then kanakasava or kantakaryavaleha are prescribed. b) If the cough is of pittaja type, then sitopaladi choorna is preferred in conjunction with chandansava or vasarishta. Vasavaleha and matulungadi avaleha may also be prescribed. b) If the cough is of kaphaja type, then trikatu, triphala, guggulu and shilajit are the drugs of choice.
The Natural Treatment: If the person is a smoker the most important thing is to stop smoking (read the nicotine addiction guide). Eat alkaline foods. Fruit juices of all kinds, especially pineapple, lemon, orange, and grape fruit are best, as they help to loosen and cut the phlegm.
1. Be precise while informing your physician regarding the severity of the extent of
. This would enable them to decide as to you must take the antibiotic or not and if yes which type you must take.
This medication can be taken in the form of a tablet or the oral suspension. The commonly known side effects of this medication are lightheadedness, headache, irritated stomach, loose bowel movement, blunt taste, unclear vision, etc.
Read More on Cough Remedies by Ayurveda and Home Remedies for Cough at http://www.ayushveda.com
Also read more about Ayurveda at World's Largest Portal on Ayurveda and Ayurvedic Remedies: Ayushveda.com - The Free Ayurvedic Encyclopedia.
Learn More about Natural Bronchitis Remedy
Chronic Bronchitis Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Chronic Bronchitis Chronic bronchitis is a condition involving the inflammation of the main airways (bronchial tubes) in the lungs that continues for a long period or keeps recurring. When the airways are irritated, thick mucus (also called sputum) forms in them. The mucus plugs up the airways and makes it hard to get air into the lungs, leading to shortness of breath and persistent...
7 Simple Bronchitis Treatment Tips
Bronchitis is an infection of the intricate network of airways both within and connecting to the lungs. Usually striking when the immune system is low, bronchitis commonly develops as a progression of an upper respiratory infection and will normally clear within a couple of weeks although chronic cases may last for months. A small percentage of bronchitis cases are bacterial in nature and will...
Bronchitis ??? Causes, Symptoms, Types and Treatment
Bronchitis (pronounced brong-KIE-tis) is an inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs. It affects the trachea (pronounced TRAY-kee-uh), or windpipe, and the bronchi. The bronchi (pronounced BRON-kee) are air tubes through which air flows into and out of the lungs. Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea...
Understanding Allergic Bronchitis - Simple Prevention Tips
Millions of Americans suffer from one respiratory disorder or the other, which can impact their lives in serious ways. A respiratory disorder can be acute or chronic. Acute disorders can be easily treated and last for a short time. On the other hand, chronic disorders are not only difficult to treat but can also leave a person disabled for life. What is Allergic Bronchitis? Allergic...
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I'm not all too sure I'm doing this the "right" way, but I felt that it's time we make a blog for it instead of making a whole bunch of new topics on each other's talk pages. The problem I think it's time was discussed, as a community, on one page has a name: Danniesen. I know messages were sent to him, both on Professor Tofty's talk page and, I think, Seth Cooper's talk page, but judging by his past behaviour, I'm not all too sure they'll do him any good. It really isn't all that likely that he's just going to magically start listen now, when he's been told how to behave and hasn't listened before? I think we ought to make a decision and enforce it, instead of providing all sorts of lenience and at the same time saying "No". Please, for everyone's sake, let's just get it over with. Are we bringing him back or no? Hunnie Bunn (talk)
- I've left him a message on my talk page (which, for easy reference, I transcribe forthwith):
|Danniesen, you have no "story of events" to present us. We know all about what happened well enough. We warned you and helped you, but all of our well-intentions fell of deaf ears — as much as we would like to have you around and help us in the project, you left us no other choice but to permaban you.
You say you know you don't deserve a second chance (or is it a third chance? fourth?), so why do you keep asking for one? You are forgetting that we are not "friends" here — we might be friendly, but it's just because we respect one another and we are pursuing a common goal.
- He read it, and using one of his IPs, responded by saying that he would refrain from editing using other IP addresses while his main account was blocked, in hope that perhaps we'd eventually allow him back into his old account.
- At the moment, as I think I've made it clear, I for one have no intention of lifting his block for the reasons I've given above. This seems also to be the general feeling around the most active members of the community. If any other member of the community disagrees, of course, then kindly present your arguments so that we can have some discussion material. Otherwise, I think (or, seriously hope) we can put this behind our backs for the time being. -- Seth Cooper owl post! 23:17, September 11, 2012 (UTC)
- I never had the opportunity to know him personally, and judging by everyone else's behaviour around here, I wouldn't want to know him. I did read your post to him, and saw his response, but honestly, how often does he do what he says he will?
- I'm not entirely sure what to think anymore. In the short time I've been here, first simply reading things and then eventually making an account and helping edit, he seemed to be quite prominent in my mind as one of the people who will pull an elastic until it snaps, and then keep pulling it till that snaps. I'm more than willing to, as you so excellently put it, "put this behind our backs"; I also don't seem to think anyone in the community will provide a counter-permanent blocking argument... Hunnie Bunn (talk) 23:31, September 11, 2012 (UTC)
- As I believe I had mentioned, I believe on Wikipedia at least six months cooldown is standard before they would consider lifting such a block after someone had already been blocked that many times before. It would also help if he would spend some time positively editing other wikis to prove good faith, but he shows no inclination of it. ProfessorTofty (talk) 00:24, September 12, 2012 (UTC)
- Something I hadn't considered, but (as with all things presented here) pure truth. All in all, it seems that most of us have agreed on the "No" thing, but as Seth said (sort of, his exact words as seen above were "put this behind our backs for the time being", it being I that emphasised the words and not he) there will eventually come a time when we'll need to consider this, and I thought it'd be for best if we got it over with now instead of later... then again, a lot can change in six months or so. Hunnie Bunn (talk) 00:57, September 12, 2012 (UTC)


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Weekly Columns
Weekly Column by Lamar Alexander: Putting the President's Health Care Promise Into Law
Posted on November 13, 2013
On Nov. 5, I called on the Obama administration to put into law the president's promise that "if you like your plan, you can keep it."
Barack Obama made that promise as a candidate for president, repeated it time and time again after he was sworn in as president to convince Democrats in Congress to pass the law, and he repeated that promise numerous times after the bill was signed into law. Even today on the White House website it still says, "If you like your plan you can keep it and you don't have to change a thing due to the health care law."
So why doesn't the president put that promise into law?
Obamacare cancels millions of individual policies, and for millions of other Americans, employers are dropping insurance programs as they discover the added costs of Obamacare.
It seems the new promise from the Obama administration is, "If you want health care, go find it" —on a website that the administration says won't be working properly until the end of November. That is an unwelcome Christmas present to have to shop for and buy a new insurance policy by Dec. 15 so that you're covered next year when Obamacare outlaws your policy.
In Tennessee, 66,000 people who have insurance through Blue Cross Blue Shield as well as 16,000 people who have insurance through something called CoverTN, a low-cost, narrow coverage state program, are receiving cancellation letters due to Obamacare. CoverTN apparently is an example of what the president has called "bad apples," an insurance plan that Washington has decided isn't good enough for you.
I recently heard from one of those Tennesseans whose policy will be cancelled on Jan. 1. Her name is Emilie, and she is 39 years of age. She has lupus and lives in Middle Tennessee, and said her premiums will increase a staggering 410 percent, while her out-of-pocket expenses will increase by more than $6,000 per year.
Our health care system makes up nearly 20 percent of our economy, touching the lives of every American. Today Obamacare is pushing that 20 percent of our economy in the wrong direction.
We need to turn it around and head it in the right direction.
The right direction is more choices and more competition, both of which lower costs so more Americans can afford to buy insurance. From the beginning of the health care debate in 2009 through bill passage in 2010, I counted the number of times Republicans spoke on the floor about our step-by-step plan to take the health care delivery system in a different direction – 173 times just during the health care debate.
Steps like making Medicare solvent or expanding Health Savings Accounts would transform the health care delivery system by moving it away from expanding a health care system that we know already costs too much.
In the meantime, I am cosponsoring legislation offered by Senator Ron Johnson (R-Wis.) called the "If You Like Your Health Plan You Can Keep It Act," which would allow Americans to remain on health care plans that have been in effect through the end of this year.
The president has made this promise repeatedly. Even former president Bill Clinton has since said the government should "honor" that promise. President Obama should put those words into law today.


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Brave nuclear world? Radiation, reliability, reprocessing--and redundancy. Second of two parts.
The operating crew and the 600 men in the plant's fire service who first responded to the disaster received the highest doses of radiation, between 0.7 and 13 Sieverts (Sv). According to chernobyl.info, a United Nations Internet-based information clearinghouse, this is 700 to 13,000 times more radiation in just a few hours than the maximum dose of 1 millisievert that the European Union says people living near a nuclear power plant should be exposed to in one year. Thirty-one of those first on the scene died within three months. A total of 800,000 "liquidators"--mainly military conscripts from all over the former Soviet Union--were involved in the clean-up until 1989, and government agencies in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia have reported that 25,000 have since died.
By any measure, Chornobyl was a horrific catastrophe and has become the icon of nuclear power's satanic side. Yet controversy has dogged the environmental and health impacts of Chornobyl from the beginning. The Soviet leadership first hoped nobody would notice the accident and then did their best to conceal and minimize the damage. As a result, a full and accurate assessment of the consequences has proved impossible. Historian and Chornobyl expert David Marples wrote that authorities in the former Soviet Union classified all medical information related to the accident while denying that illnesses among cleanup workers resulted from their radiation exposure. Independent researchers have had difficulty locating significant numbers of evacuees and those who worked on the cleanup, and they have had to piece together their conclusions from interviews with medical providers, citizens, officials in the contaminated areas, others involved, and those cleanup workers they could find.
In September 2005, a report on the health impacts of Chornobyl by the UN Chernobyl Forum (seven UN agencies plus the World Bank and officials from Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia) said only 50 deaths could be attributed to Chornobyl and ultimately 4,000 will die as a result of the accident. The Chernobyl Forum report acknowledges that nine children died from thyroid cancer and that 4,000 children contracted the disease, but puts the survival rate at 99 percent. It denies any link with fertility problems and says that the most significant health problems are due to poverty, lifestyle (e.g., smoking, poor diet), and emotional problems, especially among evacuees. Marples notes that the overall assessment of the Chernobyl Forum is "a reassuring message."
The reality on the ground offers a different picture. In Gomel, a city of 700,000 in Belarus less than 80 kilometers from the destroyed reactor and one of the most severely contaminated areas, the documentary film Chernobyl Heart reports the incidence of thyroid cancer is 10,000 times higher than before the accident and by 1990 had increased 30-fold throughout Belarus, which received most of the radioactive fallout. Chernobyl.info states that congenital birth defects in Gomel have jumped 250 percent since the accident, and infant mortality is 300 percent higher than in the rest of Europe. A doctor interviewed in Chernobyl Heart says just 15 to 20 percent of the babies born at the Gomel Maternity Hospital are healthy. Chernobyl Children's Project International executive director Adi Roche says it's impossible to prove that Chornobyl caused the problems: "All we can say is the defects are increasing, the illnesses are increasing, the genetic damage is increasing." Referring to a facility for abandoned children, she adds, "places like this didn't exist before Chornobyl, so it speaks for itself." Marples, who has made numerous trips to the Chornobyl region over the past 20 years, reports the health crisis in Belarus today is so serious that there are open discussions of a "demographic doomsday."
The long-lived nature of the radionuclides and the fact that they are migrating through the contaminated regions' ecosystems into the groundwater and food chain further complicate the task of predicting the full impact of the disaster. But as the global campaign to build new reactors gains momentum, it bears asking whether a Chornobyl could happen elsewhere.
It Can't Happen Here
Nobody wants any more Chornobyls. The question is, can that outcome be ensured without phasing out nuclear power altogether? The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), the trade association and lobbying arm of the American nuclear power industry, says a Chornobyl-type accident is highly unlikely in the United States because of "key differences in U.S. reactor design, regulation, and emergency preparedness." Safety is assured, NEI says, by the strategy of "defense in depth," which relies on a combination of multiple, redundant, independently operating safety systems; physical barriers such as the steel reactor vessel and the typically three- to four-foot steel-reinforced concrete containment dome that would stop radiation from escaping; ongoing preventive and corrective maintenance; ongoing training of technical staff; and extensive government oversight. A key argument for nuclear power these days is the claim that nuclear reactors are safe and reliable.
The U.S. nuclear fleet has substantially increased its "capacity factor" (for a given period, the output of a generating unit as a percentage of total possible output if run at full power) since 1980. However, David Lochbaum, director of the Nuclear Safety Project at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), points out that since the Three Mile Island accident in central Pennsylvania in 1979, 45 reactors (out of 104 operating U.S. units) have been shut down longer than one year to restore safety margins. A nuclear engineer by training, Lochbaum left the industry after 17 years when he and a co-worker were unable to get their employer or the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to address safety issues at the Susquehanna plant in northeastern Pennsylvania. (The problem at that plant and others across the country was corrected after they testified before Congress.) For the last 10 years Lochbaum has been at UCS monitoring the safety of the nation's nuclear power plants and raising concerns with the NRC. He does not share the industry's confidence in the safety of the current fleet.
Nuclear power plants are incredibly complex systems that perform a relatively simple task: heating water to create steam that spins a turbine and generates electricity. Lochbaum explains that nuclear plant safety problems tend to follow a bathtub curve: the greatest number come at the beginning of a reactor's life, then after a few years when the plant is "broken in" and staff are familiar with its specific needs, problems drop and level off until the plant begins to age.
Most of the current U.S. fleet is either in or entering its twilight years, and since the late 1990s the NRC has allowed reactors to increase the amount of electricity they generate by up to 20 percent, which exceeds what the plants were designed to handle. Such "power uprates" push greater volumes of cooling water through the plant, causing more wear and tear on pipes and other equipment. The agency has also granted 20-year license extensions to 39 reactors, and most of the rest are expected to apply before their initial 40-year licenses expire. At the same time, Lochbaum says, the NRC is cutting back on the amount and frequency of safety tests and inspections. Tests that were carried out quarterly are now performed annually, and once-annual tests are now done when reactors are shut down for refueling, about every two years.
The NRC maintains that it is providing adequate oversight to keep the public safe and prevent serious reactor accidents. Gary Holahan, an official in the NRC's Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, explains that extended power uprates, which raise the power output of a reactor between 7 and 20 percent, require modifications to the plant that involve upgrading or replacing equipment like high pressure turbines, pumps, motors, main generators, and transformers. Before a power uprate is granted, he says, the NRC must make a finding that it complies with federal regulations and that there's "a reasonable assurance" that the health and safety of the public will not be endangered.
Lochbaum says the NRC's handling of the large power uprates illustrates the problems with its oversight. In an issue brief entitled "Snap, Crackle, & Pop: The BWR Power Uprate Experiment," he says the Quad Cities Unit 2 reactor in Illinois "literally began shaking itself apart at the higher power level" after operating for nearly 30 years at its originally licensed power level. After the uprate was approved, the steam dryer developed a 2.7 meter crack, and the component was replaced in May 2005. In early April of this year, he says Quad Cities staff found a 1.5 meter crack in the new steam dryer, and they still don't know exactly what is causing the problem. After the problem was first reported, manufacturer General Electric (GE) surveyed 15 of its other boiling water reactors around the world that had been granted 20-percent power uprates and reported problems--all vibration related--in 13.
Despite objections from the Vermont Public Service Board and one of its own commissioners, the NRC recently granted a 20-percent power uprate to the 33-year-old Vermont Yankee reactor. Stuart Richards, deputy director of the NRC's Division of Inspection, says the commission approved the power uprate after a first-time pilot engineering inspection that included an 11,000-manhour technical review failed to find any significant safety issues. "It's not the age of the plant but the physical condition of the components and how well the facility maintains the plant" that is important, he says. In addition, the power is being increased in NRC-monitored stages. But none of this reassures Lochbaum, who points out that this single-unit plant was badly maintained for much of its operating life, making it an especially poor candidate for a practice known to stress reactors. Applications for extended power uprates at six reactors are pending, and the NRC expects nine more through 2011.
The NRC says it is doing a smarter job of regulating the industry today by pinpointing areas likely to need more attention. "The agency and the industry as a whole over the last 10 to 15 years have developed better and better tools to determine what is risk-significant and what is less risk-significant," Richards explains. "So in some cases where in the past we have required more maintenance or surveillance, now those requirements are less stringent, because the components have been demonstrated to be less significant." In other cases, he says, performing too much maintenance can be detrimental, because the components are needed to do their job, and they can be tested "to the point where it causes them to have degradation."
Lochbaum says the flaw in that logic is well illustrated by a near miss at the Davis-Besse plant in Ohio. In 2002 it was discovered that boric acid escaping from the reactor for several years had eaten a 15-centimeter hole in the reactor vessel's steel lid, leaving a thin layer of stainless steel bulging outward from the pressure. Boric acid had been observed on the vessel head in 1996, 1998, and again in 2000, and NRC staff drafted an order in November 2001 to shut Davis-Besse down for a safety inspection. NRC nevertheless allowed the reactor to continue operating until February 2002, when plant workers almost accidentally found the hole. If the reactor head had burst, the reactor would likely have melted down.
Lochbaum and former NRC commissioner Peter Bradford say the Davis-Besse incident and numerous others indicate that the agency seems to be more interested in the short-term economic interest of the nuclear industry than in carrying out its mission to protect public health and safety. Bradford points to an internal NRC survey in 2002 revealing that nearly half of all NRC employees thought they would be retaliated against if they raised safety concerns, and that of those who did report problems, one-third said they suffered harassment as a result. Several critics say the safety culture of the commission changed after Senator Pete Domenici--perhaps the nuclear industry's biggest champion in Congress--told the NRC chairman in 1998 that he would cut the agency's budget by a third if it didn't reverse its "adversarial attitude" toward the industry.
Given the regulatory environment and an aging fleet of reactors, Lochbaum fears that another serious accident is inevitable. He uses the analogy of a slot machine, but instead of oranges, bananas, and cherries, the winning combination is an initiating event, like a broken pipe or a fire; equipment failure; and human error. "As the plants get older, we're starting to see the wheels come up more often, which suggests it's only a matter of time before all three come up at once," he says.
Nuclear proponents claim the new advanced designs are much safer. Unlike current plants with their multiple back-up systems, the new "passive safety" designs, such as Westinghouse's AP1000 pressurized water reactor (PWR) and GE's ABWR (Advanced Boiling Water Reactor) and ESBWR (Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor), rely on gravity rather than an army of pumps to push the water up into the reactor vessel and through the cooling system. Because the systems are smaller, there are fewer components to break.
Physicist Ed Lyman, a colleague of Lochbaum's at UCS who has been studying the new designs, is skeptical of the safety claims of the passive designs. He explains that slashing costs, particularly of piping and the enormously expensive steel-reinforced rebar concrete, motivated the new LWR designs, not safety. It was thought that if the power output of the reactors was lower, a gravity-driven system could dump water into the reactor core without the need for forced circulation and its miles of pipes and accompanying equipment.
Numerous tests of the gravity-driven water system for the AP600, the smaller predecessor to the AP1000, showed the system worked, and NRC certified the design. However, the current trend in reactors is for larger units with higher output. The cost of the AP600 wasn't low enough to offset the loss in generation capacity, so none sold. The AP600 then morphed into the AP1000. GE's new "passive safety" designs followed a similar trajectory beginning with a 600-megawatt design, the SBWR (Simplified Boiling Water Reactor). The company's next design, the ABWR, was 1,350 megawatts, and its ESBWR is 1,560.
The NRC recently certified the AP1000. Lyman is concerned the agency is relying on computer modeling rather than experimental data to demonstrate that gravity-driven cooling will work in these much larger designs. He's also troubled that the containment structures of the new PWRs are less robust than those in the current fleet. NRC's Gary Holahan acknowledges that the agency relied on the tests from the AP600 and computer modeling for the AP1000, but says that after extensive review by the commission's technical staff and the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, it determined that additional testing was not necessary. Nor does the NRC have any concerns about the thickness of the AP1000's containment dome compared to those of existing PWRs.
Increasing numbers of nuclear proponents and news reports are describing new reactor designs, such as the pebble bed modular reactor, as "accident-proof" or "fail-safe"--so safe, in fact, that the pebble bed doesn't need (or have) a containment structure. Lyman disagrees. The pebble bed is moderated by helium instead of water and uses uranium fuel pellets encased in silicon carbide, ceramic material, and graphite. He says experiments conducted at the AVR demonstration reactor in Germany, the first one ever built, have shown that the models underestimated how hot the pellets could get. The pellets degrade quickly upon reaching the critical temperature, which could lead to a large release of radiation. "So, they just don't have the predictive capacity or the understanding of how these reactors or the fuel technology work to say it's meltdown-proof," he says.
Going to Waste
In the light-water reactors that make up the majority of the world's reactor fleet, uranium fuel is loaded into the reactor, then bombarded by neutrons to trigger the nuclear fission chain reaction. After awhile all of the fissionable material in the uranium fuel is used up, or "spent." But the neutron bombardment makes the fuel two-and-a-half million times more radioactive, according to Marvin Resnikoff, a nuclear physicist with Radioactive Waste Management Associates in New York. By 2035, American nuclear power plants will have created an estimated 105,000 metric tons of spent fuel that is so deadly it must be completely isolated from the environment for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years. A Nevada state agency report put the toxicity in perspective: even after 10 years out of the reactor, an unshielded spent fuel assembly would emit enough radiation to kill somebody standing a meter away from it in less than three minutes.
No country has yet successfully dealt with its high-level nuclear waste from the first generation of reactors, let alone made plans for the added waste from a vast expansion of nuclear power. Most agree that deep geologic burial is the safest and cheapest disposal method, and countries are in various stages of picking and developing their sites. Steve Frishman of the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects thinks the Finns are furthest along, having chosen a permanent repository at a crystalline bedrock site at Olkiluoto that already hosts two operating reactors and one under construction. The site has been tested extensively to ensure it will effectively isolate the waste 420-520 meters down. The repository is expected to open in 2020.
The Swedes also plan to construct their repository in a deep underground granite site, though they have not yet picked the final location. They will encapsulate the spent nuclear fuel in copper canisters surrounded by bentonite clay, which swells up and makes its own watertight seal when exposed to water. Frishman says that's an extra precaution, because while they will probably find some water 500 meters underground where they plan to put the canisters, the water there is not oxygenated and would probably not corrode the canisters even if it did come in contact with them. The Swedish approach is enormously expensive, but they say results, not costs, are guiding their decisions.
These approaches seem reasonably cautious and thus offer some hope that the waste problem--which must be solved no matter what happens to nuclear power--might not be intractable. The U.S. approach, however, is less reassuring. Politics, rather than science-determined suitability, led the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to Yucca Mountain, a ridge of volcanic tuff on the edge of the U.S. Nuclear Test Site in the Nevada desert about 145 kilometers northwest of Las Vegas. Nevada was designated by default in an amendment (later tagged as the "Screw Nevada Bill") to the 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act that prohibited DOE from considering any sites in granite.
Aside from being located in the third most seismically active region in the country, Yucca Mountain is so porous that after just 50 years isotopes from atmospheric atom bomb tests have already seeped down into the underlying aquifer. But since the mountain was designated as the nation's only repository site, Frishman says DOE has been trying to engineer its way around the problems, and when it can't do that, change the rules. The latest attempt is legislation proposed by the Bush administration that among other things would raise the repository's current legal limit of 70,000 metric tons of high-level waste, remove the nuclear waste fund (money collected over the years from ratepayers by nuclear utilities to build a repository) from federal budgetary oversight, and exempt metals in the underground metal containers from regulation, leaving chromium, molybdenum, and zinc free to contaminate the area's groundwater.
On the basis of the geological instability of the site, Nevada is aggressively fighting the repository. In 2004 a federal court ruled that an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health standard that applied for the first 10,000 years was inadequate because the National Academy of Sciences determined that peak doses would likely occur at least 200,000 years after the waste was placed in the site. NRC therefore could not license the site. EPA has since proposed another health standard, which appears to ignore the court ruling by allowing radiation exposure to residents of the nearby Amargossa Valley to jump from a mean of 15 millirems per year for the first 10,000 years to a median value of 350 millirems per year subsequently.
Ultimately, Frishman does not believe Yucca Mountain can meet any real health-based standard. Furthermore, he points out, whatever standard is finally adopted is irrelevant once a licensing decision is made and the waste is placed in the repository: "The site is the standard."
The nuclear power industry did not expect Nevada's legal challenges to be so successful, and U.S. nuclear proponents have begun to think beyond Yucca Mountain. They maintain that the development of fast breeder reactors, which create nuclear fuel by producing more fissile material than they consume, along with reprocessing the spent fuel (separating out the still-usable plutonium and uranium) will reduce the volume of waste and negate the need for geologic disposal.
Since it was originally assumed that reprocessing would be part of the nuclear fuel cycle, commercial reactors were not designed to house all of the waste they would create during their operational lives. Three commercial reprocessing facilities were built in the United States, though only one, at West Valley in western New York state, ever operated. After six years of troubled operation marked by accidents, mishandling of high-level wastes, and contamination of nearby waterways, it was shut down in 1972. In 1977 the Carter administration banned reprocessing due to concerns about nuclear weapons proliferation after India stunned the world by testing its first atomic bomb, which was made with plutonium from its reprocessing facility. According to UCS, approximately 240 metric tons of separated plutonium--enough for 40,000 nuclear weapons--was in storage worldwide as of the end of 2003. Reprocessing the U.S. spent fuel inventory would add more than 500 metric tons.
France, Britain, Russia, India, and Japan currently reprocess spent fuel, and the Bush administration is pushing to revive reprocessing in the United States. It has allocated $130 million to begin developing an "integrated spent fuel cycle," and recently announced another $250 million, primarily to develop UREX+, a technology said to address proliferation concerns by leaving the separated plutonium too radioactive for potential thieves to handle. In addition, the U.S. Congress has directed the administration to prepare a plan by 2007 to pick a technology to reprocess all of the spent fuel from commercial nuclear reactors and start building an engineering-scale demonstration plant.
UCS's Ed Lyman says it is "a myth" that reprocessing spent nuclear fuel reduces the volume of nuclear waste: "All reprocessing does is take spent fuel that's compact, and it spreads--smears--it out into dozens of different places." Current reprocessing technology uses nitric acid to dissolve the fuel assemblies and separate out plutonium and uranium. But it also leaves behind numerous extremely radioactive fission products as well as high-level liquid waste that is typically solidified in glass. In the process, a lot of radioactive gas is discharged into the environment, and there is additional liquid waste that's too expensive to isolate, he says: "So, that's just dumped into the ocean--that's the practice in France and the U.K."
Matthew Bunn, acting director of Harvard University's Project on Managing the Atom, has laid out a number of additional arguments against reprocessing. First, reprocessing spent fuel doesn't negate the need for or reduce the space required in a permanent repository, because a repository's size is determined by the heat output of the waste, not its volume. Second, reprocessing would substantially increase the cost of managing nuclear waste and wouldn't make sense economically unless uranium topped US$360 per kilogram, a price he says is not likely for several decades, if ever. Third, in this new era of heightened violence and terrorism, the proliferation risks--which would not be addressed by the new reprocessing technologies--take on even greater urgency. Fourth, reprocessing is also a dangerous technology with a track record of terrible accidents, including the world's worst pre-Chornobyl nuclear accident (a 1957 explosion at a reprocessing plant near Khystym in Russia) and other incidents in Russia and Japan as recently as the 1990s. Fifth, the new "advanced" reprocessing technologies, UREX+ and pyroprocessing, are complex, expensive, in their infancy, and unlikely to yield substantial improvements over existing reprocessing methods. Finally, Bunn argues, the Bush administration's rush to embrace reprocessing spent nuclear fuel is premature and unnecessary, since the spent fuel can remain in dry casks at nuclear power plants for decades while better solutions are sought.
Solution in Search of Problem
In the end, the case for nuclear power hinges on an evaluation of its costs and benefits compared with those of the alternatives. Many observers expect a growing ecological, social, and economic crisis unless we figure out how to retard and ultimately reverse climate change by weaning ourselves off increasingly scarce, expensive, and conflict-ridden fossil fuels. Nuclear power, until recently a pariah due to its enormous cost and demonstrated potential for serious accidents, is now touted as an indispensable solution. Nuclear power's dark side--its environmental legacy, high cost, and danger of accidents and the spread of atomic weapons--is currently downplayed. No energy system is without costs, but alternatives that avoid these particularly grave drawbacks do exist.
Space limitations preclude a comprehensive review of the alternatives, but their prospects have never been brighter. For instance, a 2005 report by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) says a broad mix of renewable energy sources that includes micro, small-, medium- and large-scale technologies applied flexibly could "more than meet all our needs." Besides solar and wind power, the mix includes tidal, wave, small-scale hydro, geothermal, biomass, and landfill gas. Rather than relying exclusively on large baseload suppliers of electricity like nuclear plants, or single sources of renewable energy that are not always available, the foundation says the key is setting up an extensive, diverse, and decentralized network of power sources, which would also be much less susceptible to widespread power outages. The total capital cost of setting up such a system has not been calculated and would vary greatly depending on whether it was implemented all at once or incrementally, building on transition technologies. According to the NEF report, a nuclear-generated kilowatthour of electricity--factoring in construction and operating costs but not waste management, insurance against accidents, or preventing nuclear weapons proliferation--costs up to 15.6 U.S. cents, significantly higher than other sources.
Governments and markets are beginning to recognize the potential of renewable energy and its use is growing rapidly. According to Worldwatch Institute's Renewables 2005, global investment in renewable energy in 2004 was about US$30 billion. The report points out that renewable sources generated 20 percent of the amount of electricity produced by the world's 443 operating nuclear reactors in 2004. Renewables now account for 20-25 percent of global power sector investment, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development predicts that over the next 30 years one-third of the investment in new power sources in OECD countries will be for renewable energy.
Alternative energy guru Amory Lovins says the investment in alternatives is currently "an order of magnitude" greater than that now being spent on building new nuclear plants. Lovins has been preaching lower-cost alternatives, including energy conservation, for more than three decades, and the realization of his vision of sustainable, renewable energy is perhaps closer than ever. He argues that the current moves to re-embrace nuclear power are a huge step backwards, and that contrary to claims that we need to consider all options to deal with global warming, nuclear power would actually hinder the effort because of the high cost and the long time it would take to get enough carbon-displacing nuclear plants up and running. "In practice, keeping nuclear power alive means diverting private and public investment from the cheaper market winners--cogeneration, renewables, and efficiency--to the costly market loser. Its higher cost than competitors, per unit of net C[O.sub.2] displaced, means that every dollar invested in nuclear expansion will worsen climate change," he writes in his 2005 paper "Nuclear Power: Economics and Climate-Protection Potential."
As noted in Part One of this series [World Watch, May/June 2006], doubling the world's current nuclear energy output would reduce global carbon emissions by just one-seventh of the amount required to avoid the worst impacts of global warming. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology point out that achieving even this inadequate result would require siting a permanent repository the size of Yucca Mountain every three to four years to deal with the additional waste--an enormous and expensive challenge. Given nuclear power's drawbacks, and the growth and promise of clean, lower cost, less dangerous alternatives, the case for nuclear power wobbles badly. Stripped of the pretext that nuclear power is the answer to climate change, the case essentially collapses.
Karen Charman is an independent journalist specializing in environmental issues, and the managing editor of the journal Capitalism Nature Socialism.
For more information about issues raised in this story, visit www.worldwatch.org/ww/nuclear.
* In this article we use the Ukrainian spelling of "Chornobyl." The word may appear as "Chernobyl" in the formal names of organizations.
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Jackson's hard work, luck have kept him healthy
ST. LOUIS -- In 11-plus seasons, Edwin Jackson has been on the disabled list once in his Major League career, back in 2004, and that was because of a forearm strain. The Cubs right-hander has noticed the recent rash of pitchers sidelined with elbow problems and needing Tommy John surgery, most recently the Marlins' Jose Fernandez.
How does Jackson stay healthy?
"There isn't a 100 percent way you can prevent somebody from injury," Jackson said. "You can be the healthiest person in the world, and sometimes things happen. I don't know if there is a 100 percent for sure answer. Who knows? I don't think I've done anything super special. I work hard, but half of it is being lucky and blessed as well."
Jackson said he didn't pitch a lot in high school, and he now makes sure he gets his arm loose and throws every day. The durable right-hander has reached at least 175 innings in six seasons.
"Dudes are throwing hard nowadays," he said. "There's always a chance for injury. The only thing you can do is work hard and try to be as preventative as possible. There's no for sure answer to stop someone from getting hurt."


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Behind Mark Pincus's Bid to Save Zynga
Tears nearly welled up in Zynga Inc. chief executive Mark Pincus's eyes at a meeting in September with Apple Inc. director Bill Campbell.
Mr. Campbell, a technology veteran who has coached Silicon Valley CEOs such as Steve Jobs and Eric Schmidt, had been called in by Zynga investor and venture-capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers to advise Mr. Pincus as the social games company's stock plunged and some of its online games lost traction. Some Kleiner Perkins partners warned Mr. Campbell that he might not make much...
To Read the Full Story


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Raymond James (RJF) said Wednesday that it aims to train a number client associates each year to become advisors. This move comes on the heels of a pilot program for associates, which it started last year, to boost the number of female advisors and to groom successors for retiring advisors.
"We want to create a career path for service associates who want to advance," said Tash Elwyn of Raymond James & Associates (RJA) Private Client Group, the company's employee broker-dealer, in a statement. "We also know that by being exposed to this education, participants will gain many new talents in working with their respective advisors and teams and improving their skills, whether or not they ever pursue the ultimate goal of becoming financial advisors."
The program received a flood of applications, but just two candidates from each of RJA's five geographic divisions were accepted. If the pilot is successful, the company says, it plans to expand the number of associates in the training program in future years.
Male associates are eligible, too, but most associates are women.
"At one of our recent Women's Network gatherings, we asked for a show of hands from advisors who had begun their careers as sales or service associates, and at least 30% of the audience raised their hands. And of the members of our Women's Advisory Council, that number increased to 50%," said Nicole Spinelli, director of the Raymond James Network for Women Advisors, in a statement.
"So we knew immediately we had a very deep pool of potential advisor candidates already at the firm," Spinelli said. "It was just a matter of developing the right curriculum, assessing the right candidates and launching a pilot program to see where that leads."
The year-long effort pairs an associate with an advisor in the Women's Network Advisory Council. They spend several hours a month working via conference calls, completing online classes and tutorials and, finally, attending the annual Women's Symposium in the fall.
After six months, participants train for the Accredited Asset Management Specialist designation and take the exam. Candidates also work with a business coach, a female Raymond James advisor and other professionals contributing to the program.
Raymond James decided to use the AAMS curriculum due to its focus on core concepts of investment management (portfolio construction, asset allocation, risk assessment, etc.), as well as inclusion of financial-planning topics (such as insurance and estate planning), according to Pat Dixon, vice president of Wealth Solutions.
Plus, the AAMS serves as a "good foundation for those candidates who wish to pursue the CFP designation," Dixon point out. About 25% of Raymond James reps are CFPs.
For Raymond James' management, the program fits in well with its other training activities and its desire to expand the number of female FAs in its ranks.
"For several years, Raymond James has positioned itself as the best place to practice for women advisors," said David Patchen, senior vice president, PCG Education and Practice Management, in a statement. "The Women's Symposium, the numerous educational conferences, the Advisor Mastery Program (which has about 33% female participants) and now this new Registered Service Associate Team Development Program – they are all examples of Raymond James demonstrating that focus. We are excited about the potential."
Those in the pilot program wholeheartedly endorse the concept. "I have already learned so much and have definitely enriched my understanding of my talents and how our whole team interacts," said class participant Ashley Thomason of Forrest Thompson Wealth Management in Greenville, S.C., in a press release.
"I particularly enjoy working with my mentor, Laura Steckler in Miami; she has inspired me to dream big and to stretch myself," Thomason added. "Whether or not I ever decide to become a full-fledged financial advisor, I am developing many more skills and a much deeper knowledge of our business. My advisors have been extremely supportive of the program."
At the 2013 Raymond James Women's Symposium, held in October in St. Petersburg, Private Client CEO Chet Helck said, "Our professional ratios should be like the ratios of our clients."
"We're at a healthy level," Helck added, looking around the 200 female advisors in the conference hall, "but I don't think it will get there in my lifetime. Progress is slow, though significant." (Helck is retiring this month.)
"We want to turn this challenge into an opportunity, as CEO Paul Reilly has explained at this event," Elwyn told attendees of the 19th-annual event. "This comes about through succession planning, recruiting and new-advisor training and development."
About 35% of participants in Raymond James' overall advisor training program are women, he added, "which is a significant number." Roughly 120 individuals enter the new-advisor training program each year.


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"I know you've seen better days, old girl."
78-year-old Frank Parker patted the rusting hood of the '49 Chevy.
Replacing the faded American flag hanging from the passenger-side door with a fresh one, he remembered.
"I was just your age when my Pa first bought the Daisy May. Saved up for over a year to buy her."
"Why do you keep her, Gramps? She's all broken down."
"Reminds me of better days, Timmy, when everything made sense. As long as I live, she'll always have a home here on the back forty."
He looked down at his great-grandson. "You sure you want to do this, boy?"
Timmy hugged the old man. "I'm sure Gramps. I promise to bring a new flag every month. I'll watch over her for you."
Old Frank had the same cancer that took his Pa so many years ago. He was going to Heaven to be with Pa, Ma, and his wife Sarah. The life he lived was his inheritance to his children and their children's children.
I wrote this in response to the FFfAW Challenge-Week of February 7, 2017. The challenge is to write a flash fiction story in around between 100 and 175 words, with 150 being optimal, based on the weekly photo prompt. Thanks as always to the challenge host Priceless Joy.
To read other stories based on this week's prompt, visit InLinkz.com.
I know that America has never been a perfect nation nor is it now. And while I'm about a decade-and-a-half shy of being 78, my childhood was full of joys my grandchildren will never experience. If I can give them at least some small sense of history and a world without smartphones, X-boxes, or the Internet, when children played outside all day with their friends, and yes, we rode our bikes without wearing helmets and didn't die, then perhaps that past won't die with me (no, I don't have cancer. I feel fine).


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Merseyside's National Nature Reserves
Published 2 September 2014
© Crown copyright 2014
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: email@example.com.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/merseysides-national-nature-reserves/merseysides-national-nature-reserves
Ainsdale Sand Dunes
The dunes are home to over 450 plant species including 33 that are locally or regionally rare like petalwort, seaside centaury, yellow bartsia, round-leaved wintergreen, dune helleborine and pendulous-flowered helleborine.
Main habitat: coastal sand dunes
Features of interest
This is one of the best remaining strongholds of the rare natterjack toad, Europe's loudest amphibian. Red squirrels can occasionally be seen in amongst the reserve's pine forests too, while sand lizards, great-crested newts and a fantastic variety of orchids and other wildflowers can also be found here.
The reserve has a network of around 8 miles of footpaths marked with colour-topped posts. The Woodland Path and Fisherman's Path are accessible by bike, pushchairs and wheelchairs. See the map to find out where you can ride a horse or cycle at the reserve.
See the site visitor leafletfor more details.
The reserve is on Route 62 (TransPennine Trail) and local route 81 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network.
The reserve is a short walk away from train stations at both Ainsdale (1.2km) and Freshfield (1.4km)
Local bus services stop at Freshfield station, Pinfold Lane and Gleneagles Drive.
For local transport information contact Merseytravel
Access to the reserve by car is via minor roads from the A565.
There is no public parking on the reserve, although a limited number of disabled parking places are available (please call the reserve office on 01704 578774 for more information).
Public parking can be found at Ainsdale-on-Sea beach car park, with access to the NNR via the beach or neighbouring Ainsdale Sandhills Local Nature Reserve. To the south of the reserve parking is also available at the National Trust property in Formby, from where the NNR can be accessed via the Sefton Coast Footpath.
There are footpath entrances to the reserve from Pinfold Lane and the Coastal Road, Ainsdale; Fisherman's Path, Freshfield; and from north and south along the beach and frontal dune paths.
The NNR can also be visited via the Trans Pennine Trail and the Sefton Coastal Footpath which provide access to the entire length of Sefton's Natural Coast.
The dunes of the Sefton Coast cover a large area, some parts of which are relatively remote, and you can become disorientated. If you wish to visit the beach check the local tide timetable.
The reserve adjoins a large urban area but it can still be very quiet and isolated. For your personal safety, if you are visiting on your own, you are advised to ensure someone else knows where you have gone and roughly what time you will be back.
Rabbit burrows are common, and soft sand can give way easily under foot.
During dry weather conditions there is also a high risk of fire on site. Please don't smoke near pine-needle debris or discard cigarettes or empty bottles.
Email: email@example.com Telephone: 01704 578774
Ainsdale Sand Dunes NNR
2 West End Lodge
Pinfold Lane
Cabin Hill
This small but special site exhibits classic coastal succession, with intertidal sand flats and embryo dunes grading into mobile yellow dunes.
Main habitats: embryo dunes, yellow dunes, fixed dunes, wet slacks, flower-rich grassland, dune pasture and deciduous woodland
Cabin Hill NNR forms part of the Sefton Coast, the finest dune system on the north-west coast of England.
The shore provides feeding and roosting grounds for many migrating and over-wintering birds including knot, grey plover and bar-tailed godwit. Common lizard and the scarce sand lizard are also found on the site.
At night in late April the rare and endangered natterjack toad calls from around the fringes of the flooded slacks.
Cabin Hill is on the outskirts of Formby.
By car, the site is accessed via minor roads from the A565. The nearest car park is on the beach-front 1.5km to the north.
The nearest train station is in Formby.
The Sefton Coastal Footpath passes along the eastern boundary of the reserve.
Voluntary wardens carry out site work, sheep and cattle checks and species monitoring.
Email: email@example.com
Telephone: 01704 578774
Ribble Estuary
The estuary is one of the most important sites in the UK for over-wintering wildfowl.
Main habitats: saltmarsh, mud and sand flats
Features of interest
The reserve occupies over half of the total area of the Ribble Estuary (4520 Ha), including extensive areas of mud and sand flats and one of the largest single areas of saltmarsh in England. It has been described as a 'hotel-restaurant' for birds as it is a key site in the chain of wetlands which make up the east Atlantic flyway or migration route for over-wintering wildfowl and waders.
The winter months are the best time to visit the reserve for bird watching as thousands of widgeon arrive from Siberia to mix with large numbers of pink-footed geese flying in from Iceland. Whooper Swans can also be seen in good numbers feeding in the surrounding countryside especially at nearby Martin Mere.
The reserve is 7 km west of Preston and includes land on both sides of the Ribble Estuary: as far as Lytham, on the northern bank, and Crossens (near Marshside), on the southern bank.
The Lancashire Coastal Way runs along the northern bank of the estuary. The northern bank can also be accessed via Route 62 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network.
A footpath affording good views of the saltmarsh runs along the flood embankment on the southern edge of the reserve from Crossens pumping station near Southport to Hundred End near Hesketh Bank village and the RSPB Hesketh Outmarsh.
The nearest train stations are in Preston, Lytham and Southport (5 km to the south west) served by Northern Rail.
Local bus services are provided by Stagecoach Northwest.
Access is via minor roads from the A584 (northern bank) and A59 (southern bank). The two most accessible car parks are at Lytham, and on the Marshside coastal road near Southport.
Please note: due to the dangerous nature and fragility of the saltmarsh and mudflats, access to the site is restricted to public rights of way.
Voluntary wardens carry out site work, monthly bird counts and regular 'eyes and ears' patrols.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Telephone: 01704 578774


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Kickstarter success Distance announced for 2015 release on PS4
Distance, the futuristic racing game from Refract studios, has been announced for a 2015 release on PlayStation 4.
Distance headlines
Distance: new gameplay footage smells like WipEout, TrackMania
Distance is the Kickstarter-funded racing game from Refract Studios that sees futuristic cars racing around Tron-inspired worlds. It mixes WipEout's velocity and TrackMania's stunts into one lovely-looking mix. The team has released some GDC gameplay footage, and we've got it right here.
Steam Greenlight adds fifth set of games and software titles
Valve has announced the fifth set of games and software titles to be released through Steam Greenlight. Software Black Ink and Driver Fusion are now available as are the games: Anodyne, Distance, Evoland, Huntsman:The Orphanage, Kingdom Rush, Legends of Dawn, Organ Trail: Director's Cut, Receiver, Surgeon Simulator 2013, and War Thunder. More information on each […]
Distance Kickstarter stretch goals revealed
Distance, the futuristic racing title from Refract Studios recently hit its Kickstarter funding target. ending on $161,981 of its initial £125,000 goal. As such, stretch goals have been detailed by the studio, including a randomised track generator.
Distance makes Kickstarter goal
Wipeout-a-like Distance has reached its $125,000 Kickstarter goal with two days still on the clock. Just a few days ago, the team at Refract Studios weren't certain the futuristic arcade racer would make its funding target, but a last minute push seems to have done the trick. The Linux, Mac and PC effort is due […]
Distance Kickstarter: new gameplay trailer is WipEout with flying
Distance is the futuristic racing game for Windows, Mac and Linux from Refract studios, that promises to fill the void left behind by the closure of WipEout team Studio Liverpool, and the notable absence of F-Zero. The studio has released a new gameplay video to give its Kickstarter campaign a boost. It's sitting at $98,901 […]
Distance latest
Kickstarter success Distance announced for 2015 release on PS4
Distance: new gameplay footage smells like WipEout, TrackMania
Steam Greenlight adds fifth set of games and software titles
Distance Kickstarter: new gameplay trailer is WipEout with flying


text:
What do you and Jennifer Aniston have in common? You both love a good hair day.
Alright, stop rolling your eyes. Even though J.A.'s an A-lister who doesn't travel anywhere without her BFF hairstylist Chris McMillan, she still struggles with "unmanageable hair."
So, Jen teamed up with her mane man and Living Proof (she's a co-owner) to show women that we're all in the good-hair-day fight together, and that there is a solution: Living Proof (LP), a hair company created by MIT geniuses that aims to comfort all of your hair woes.
To give us living proof (see what I did there?) that we're not alone when it comes to loving/hating our hair, the besties and LP created three hair episodes, the first one being "The Obsessions." In this video (below), Jen, Chris, and women everywhere, talk all things hair and their, well, obsessions.
After each video—the two additional episodes will be released Monday, May 13 and Wednesday, May 15—you'll have the opportunity to submit your own video, here, giving your thoughts on that episode's theme.
The winner gets the chance to meet Jennifer Aniston (!!!) and get their hair cut by her stylist, the man who gave Jen "The Rachel."
Here's how it will all go down: After the contest wraps on May 24, Jen and Chris will start reviewing all of the video entries. Note: You can enter up to three times, once following each video's release, giving you three chances to enter. Then, a winner will be chosen, and we'll all be jealous of that person.
Okay, Cosmo girls, it's time to tell Jen, Chris, and Living Proof your hair obsessions....go!
Photo: Getty Images
Follow Carly Cardellino on Facebook and Twitter.


text:
Group for anyone who models, textures, animates, codes, maps, etc., for the Battlefield series by EA/DICE.
battlefield mod developers
Join this group if you are a big fan of the Battlefield series by EA/Dice!
battlefield fans
No groups were found matching the criteria specified. We suggest you try the group list with no filter applied, to browse all available. Start a group and help us achieve our mission of showcasing the best content from all developers. Join now to share your own content, we welcome creators and consumers alike and look forward to your comments.


text:
PETA, with its spoiled-12-year-old-meets-mid-90's-Marilyn-Manson need for cheap attention, has resorted to the oldest trick in the book: offending the Church. Oh, and while they're at it, they managed to objectify women! Two birds!
Perhaps you've seen the latest campaign, which features Dancing with the Stars contestant and Playboy model Joanna Krupa in angel wings that look like a palmier, and the words, "Be an angel for animals. Always adopt. Never buy." Obviously, she's also naked and holding a strategically-placed crucifix in front of her ladybits. For the animals, you see. In the other version, she's naturally holding a rosary.
The Catholic League, with its endless supply of free time, objects to the use of imagery - the nudity, one assumes, they're okay with. Krupa is shocked! Seemingly misunderstanding the objection and also making things much worse, the self-described "practicing Catholic" states, "It's understandable that the Catholic League is wary of another sex scandal, but the sex we're talking about pertains to dogs and cats." And, oh yeah, this was a statement, that she presumably read over first.
Joanna Krupa Vs. Catholics: Animal Rights, Not Blasphemy [E!]
Joanna Krupa And Peta Vs. The The Catholic League [EW]


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Homework Resources
Online Resource Tutorials
The Garland Libraries offer video tutorials on how to use many of our online resources. Learn how to use Value Line, Mango Languages, Testing and Education Reference Center, Chilton Auto Repair and many more. Also included are tutorials on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Gmail, Google Photos, and Goodreads.
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Accelerated Reader (AR) Lists
Search for AR book titles using authors, topics, or titles of books
- Advanced search allows you to add the interest level and ATOS level
- Finding a book in the AR List does not mean the Garland Public Library owns it – you still need to check the Library catalog.
Credo Reference Complete Core Collection
Credo is an easy-to-use tool for research, homework, and other reference needs. Gather background information on your topic from over one thousand full-text encyclopedias and subject handbooks, as well as 500,000+ images and audio files and over 1,000 videos. The Complete Core Collection is the ultimate general reference resource for researchers at any level. Curated by subject-matter experts to address over 100 topics, the Complete Core Collection provides a launch pad for every lifelong learner. Complete Core offers a growing list of over 1,100 titles to help users answer their immediate research need and engage their curiosity.
Content – from major reference works, to multi-volume subject encyclopedias, to field guides, to scholarly handbooks, to animations and countless other award-winning sources – spans across all disciplines with something for libraries of all types. Also included are nearly 2,000 short reference videos, more than 550,000 high-resolution art images, photographs and maps across all subject areas.
Credo Reference Video Tutorial
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Explora offers the following content and features:
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Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia
Provides students with easy-to-read encyclopedic entries written specifically for elementary and middle school students.
- Over 25,000 encyclopedic entries covering a variety of subject areas for K-6th graders
- This is part of the Primary Search and Middle Search Plus databases.
Gale Virtual Reference Library
Gale Virtual Reference Library is a database of encyclopedias, specialized reference tools and informational resources that all ages can benefit from using. These reference materials once were accessible only in the library, but now you can access them online from the library or remotely from home or school 24/7.
- Popular reference and informational titles in a digital eBook format
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- No need to checkout – just use it
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We have over a thousand titles to choose from. Many have been grouped into collections to make it easier to use them. Key titles have also been listed separately.
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Popular Reference Titles:
Business Plans Handbook
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Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery and Medical Tests
Scholarships, Fellowships and Loans, 31st ed.
UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders
UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography
UXL Encyclopedia of World Mythology
VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
Who's Who Among African Americans, 32nd ed.
For Students series:
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See Also:
Literature Criticism Online
Something About the Author
Gale Virtual Reference Tutorial
Focuses on the relationship between human beings and the environment
- Offers a unique perspective on the positive and negative ways humans affect the ecology
- Includes scholarly and general interest titles, as well as government documents and reports
HelpNow - Live tutors for instant help with your homework!
Available 7 days a week from 3 p.m. to 10 p.m. for all Library cardholders
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- For more information visit the HelpNow FAQ page
Literature Criticism Online
This collection brings together the most acclaimed literary series representing a range of modern and historical views on authors and their works across regions, eras and genres. More than 200,000 essays provide both critical perspectives and in-depth contextual information needed to understand the social, political and historical implications of a work. Take advantage of this great online resource — which matches the exact look and feel of the print series.
Titles in the digital collection:
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Opposing Viewpoints in Context
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Opposing Viewpoints In Context is a rich resource for debaters and includes pro/con viewpoints, reference articles, interactive maps, infographics, and more. A category on the National Debate Topic provides quick and easy access to content on frequently studied and discussed issues. Periodical content covers current events, news and commentary, economics, environmental issues, political science, and more.
Research in Context
A comprehensive, cross-curricular database featuring current, relevant, organized, and easy-to-read information from the U*X*L product line.
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Reference content from Gale and its publishing partners includes top titles such as:
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Multimedia: thousands of images, videos, and audio selections from authoritative sources.
Texas Reference Center
A Texas specific product designed specifically for school and public libraries
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Student researchers can explore current events, social, political and economic issues, scientific discoveries and other popular topics frequently discussed in the classroom. TOPICsearch contains full text for tens of thousands of articles from diverse sources.
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