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Business Meetings
of the Research Group on Manuscript Evidence
The Research Group has held its Business Meetings frequently at the Annual International Congress on Medieval Studies, held in May at Kalamazoo, where various of our Trustees, Associates, Advisors, and Volunteers gather. Our blog for our Activities, year by year, at the International Congress on Medieval Studies cites these Business Meetings for individual years, but recently our practice has expanded to highlight the Open Business Meetings at the Congress (2015–).
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Concise Agenda & Record
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Frequent Links
Crime Syndicate of America
|Crime Syndicate of America
The anti-matter Crime Syndicate of Amerika (and counterparts) feature on the cover of the JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel. Art by Frank Quitely. Upside down characters, left to right: Martian Manhunter, Aquaman, The Flash, Green Lantern, Wonder Woman, Superman, and Batman. Right side up, left to right: Johnny Quick, Power Ring, Superwoman, Ultraman, Owlman.
|Publication information
|DC Comics
|First appearance
|Created by
Gardner Fox
Mike Sekowsky
|In-story information
The Panopticon
The Flying Fortress
Johnny Quick
Power Ring
The Crime Syndicate are teams of fictional supervillains from one of DC Comics' parallel universes, who are the evil counterparts of the Justice League of America.[1] The original team was specifically known as Crime Syndicate of America and is sometimes abbreviated as CSA. This first superpowered Crime Syndicate team appeared in Justice League of America (vol. 1) #29 in August 1964. The primary successive incarnation, known as the Crime Syndicate of Amerika (with the variant spelling of America), first appeared in the 2000 JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel.
A related successive group on Earth-3 is known as the Crime Society of America and first appeared in 52 #52, and later featured in Countdown to Final Crisis. A "Golden Age" supervillain group, the Crime Society was to Earth-2 what the Anti-Matter Crime Syndicate of Amerika was to Earth-0, until it was removed from continuity following DC's 2011 "Flashpoint" storyline and The New 52 company-wide reboot. Following this, a singular Crime Syndicate is the Earth-3 counterpart of the Earth-0 Justice League, first appearing in Justice League #23 (October 2013), and the main focus of the company-wide crossover storyline "Forever Evil". The events of that story have far-reaching consequences in the DC Universe, and the Crime Syndicate characters which survive remain on Earth-0 in one form or another after its events.
- 1 Publication history
- 2 Members
- 3 Other versions
- 4 In other media
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Publication history
Crime Syndicate of America
As detailed in Justice League of America #29 (August 1964),[2] the Crime Syndicate of America originally lived on Earth-Three, a world where history was "reversed" from the real world (e.g., Christopher Columbus discovered Europe, British colonists declared their independence from America, and President John Wilkes Booth was assassinated by Abraham Lincoln). It initially had no superheroes, only the supervillains of the Crime Syndicate, though this changed with the later introduction of the heroic Lex Luthor who used his vast intelligence for good.
In their first appearance, the Crime Syndicate, bored with the ease with which they were able to commit crimes on their Earth (and with no one to truly challenge them), discovered the existence of Earth-One and Earth-Two after Ultraman got "Ultra-Vision" from exposure to a large chunk of kryptonite and found he could peer between Worlds. Intrigued by the existence of super-heroes, they crossed the dimensional void and attacked the JLA and JSA. The villains were at first defeated but when they said the word "Volthoom", they sent themselves into Earth-Three thanks to a fail safe created by Power Ring. The CSA was then able to capture the JSA by transporting them to Earth-Three and imprisoning them, intending to fight the JLA on Earth-2 to prove their superiority (The JLA had a natural advantage on Earth-1 and the CSA had a similar advantage on Earth-3, Earth-2 being chosen as a neutral environment where neither would have an edge). However, the JLA defeated the Syndicate by tricking the members into unleashing more power than they could control, such as Ultraman acquiring so many powers he could not use any of them, Power Ring's ring generating constructs that were too large for him to control after Green Lantern gave it a boost, and Wonder Woman allowing Superwoman to 'steal' her Lasso of Truth knowing that her opponent would not be able to use both of them. Following this defeat, the JLA freed the captured Justice Society heroes and imprisoned the CSA in an unbreakable bubble generated by Green Lantern's power ring that was placed in a "limbo" dimension between the Earths where time has no meaning.[3]
Over the ensuing years, the Syndicate or one of its members would occasionally escape and attempt to wreak havoc on Earth-One and/or Earth-Two. Power Ring, Johnny Quick, and Super Woman battled Captain Comet after being released by the Secret Society of Super Villains.[4][5] Ultraman once escaped but was returned by the Supermen from Earth-One and Earth-Two.[6]
On one occasion the entire CSA were released by the time travelling villain Per Degaton when he was caught up in a time storm and stumbled upon their limbo prison. He freed them and they reluctantly agreed to help him take over his home world of Earth-Two in his present time of 1942 by stealing nuclear missiles from the 1962 Cuban missile crisis of Earth-Prime. When they inevitably tried to double-cross him, a safety protocol he had created hurled the traitors uncontrollably into the time stream, where they landed coincidentally on the satellite headquarters of the Justice League in the then present day of 1982 (the year the story was published). An intricate tale then followed involving the CSA escaping and the JLA traveling back in time to Earth-Two in 1942 and Earth-Prime in 1962 to prevent The Crime Syndicate from helping Degaton. It was during the Earth-Two visit to the past that the JLA teamed up with America's super-hero team of that era, the All-Star Squadron. The heroes succeeded in stopping Per Degaton and the CSA before their evil plan could be set in motion, effectively wiping these events from existence and everyone's memory.[7][8]
Earth-Three and the original Crime Syndicate were destroyed along with the rest of DC's parallel worlds in the 1985 twelve-issue maxi-series Crisis on Infinite Earths. As shown in issue #1, Earth-Three and all of its inhabitants were obliterated by an anti-matter wave that was the catalyst for the story. The original Earth-Three Syndicate made a few post-Crisis appearances, when Ultraman and Power Ring appeared in the Animal Man series[9] and then again in Infinite Crisis when Earth-Three was temporarily recreated and models of the Earth-Three Ultraman, Superwoman, and Alexander Luthor, Sr. were briefly merged with the Superman and Wonder Woman of Earth-1 and the Superman of Earth-Two and Wonder Woman of Earth-2.[10]
Crime Syndicate
A post-Crisis version of the team, simply known as the "Crime Syndicate" (not 'of America'), was eventually introduced. This post-Crisis version (revealed in 1992's Justice League Quarterly #8) was composed of Qwardians (residents of the antimatter counterpart of Oa) as well as being "more powerful than their counterparts", they are shown to be different from the Earth-Three incarnation by their enlarged eyes, resembling the Weaponers of Qward. They acted as Claire Montgomery's (Maxwell Lord's ex-wife) second Conglomerate team.
Following a further "soft" reboot of DC continuity in 1994's Zero Hour (1994) crossover, the Crime Syndicate was introduced once again, in 2000, in the JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel by Grant Morrison,[11] which combined the pre-Crisis parallel Earth idea with the pre-Zero Hour anti-matter universe concept. The Crime Syndicate's post-Zero Hour anti-matter Earth possesses a "reversed" history similar to Earth-Three's, but with a much darker tone to both the team and its world. JLA Secret Files 2004 provided additional history of this team, showing that they did once partially resemble the Earth-Three Syndicate though still easily identifiable from their Pre-Crisis Earth-Three incarnation. Unlike the Crime Syndicate of Earth-Three, this Crime Syndicate of Amerika are able to rule their world (a change from their pre-Crisis counterparts, who were unsuccessful in conquering their world) though allow governments to continue operating and honest people are able to continue operating in pockets such as Gotham City Police Commissioner Thomas Wayne Sr. (father to Owlman and counterpart of the murdered father of Batman). The antimatter Crime Syndicate's motto is "Cui Bono?" ("Who profits?"). The only universally respected principle on their world is that of the "favor bank" (if someone does you a favor, you owe them a favor in return that must be repaid whenever the favor is called in). A unique trait here is that should any person from either Earth cross over to the other universe, he must return to his own universe within 24 hours or else his counterpart will be sent back in his place.
Superman later encounters Ultraman, Superwoman and Owlman after a scared and out of control super-powered baby appears out of nowhere. Ultraman and Owlman come to believe the child is the offspring of Ultraman and Superwoman. Owlman wants to kill it out of jealousy, Ultraman wants to raise it as his demented protege, and Superman tried to save it from both of them. When Superwoman arrives on the scene adamant that she has never given birth, it is revealed that the super-powered infant is actually a reborn Brainiac from the Anti-matter universe, last defeated by Ultraman in the Earth-2 story. Brainiac's sentience is eventually disbursed and the villains return home to sort out their differences.[12]
The Crime Syndicate later reappeared where they lay waste to the planet Qward out of boredom.[13] During their decimation of the planet, the entire Anti-Matter universe undergoes a reboot which causes some immediate changes, the most obvious of which is the sudden replacement of the Caucasian Power Ring with an African-Amerikan counterpart to John Stewart, the then current Green Lantern in the JLA. In the story, it is explained that the reboot the Syndicate experiences is direct fallout from the events of 2003's JLA/Avengers crossover. Not knowing of these events, the Crime Syndicate journey to the matter universe to attack Earth, blaming the JLA in the misplaced belief that the heroes are responsible for the changes they have endured. It is during this time that they discover that the reboot of the Anti-matter universe wiped out the previous 24-hour rule so the plan is changed to secretly take over the planet instead. Meanwhile, the defeated Qwardians rally behind a dimension-destroying weapon called The Void Hound and pursue the Syndicate to the Matter universe, laying waste to hundreds of planets along the way. Reluctantly the CSA team up with the JLA but the Void Hound proved too powerful. The heroes finally defeat the Void Hound by using a former League foe, The Construct, to remove the artificial intelligence of the massive weapon and render it powerless. With the Void Hound defeated and the CSA owing the JLA a favor for saving them, the villains are sent back to the anti-matter universe where they discover to their horror that the Qwardians have also invaded their Earth, dismantling their entire criminal organization and freeing many imprisoned super-heroes and rival super-villains.
Superman/Batman Annual #1 (2006) details Superman and Batman's first encounter with Ultraman and Owlman. Set years before Superman and Batman knew each other's secret identities, a vacationing Clark Kent, Bruce Wayne, and Lois Lane meet Ultraman, Owlman, and Superwoman when the villains appear on a cruise ship. This story also features the first appearance of Deathstroke's unnamed antimatter doppelganger. The Ultraman, Owlman, and Superwoman presented in the story have the same costumes as the anti-matter universe version of the Syndicate. However, it should be noted that this tale is being told by Mister Mxyzptlk and as such, may not actually be canonical.
After the events of Infinite Crisis, the original pre-Crisis Ultraman appears in the bottle city of Kandor posing as Kal-El (Superman).[14] It is also revealed that Saturn Queen, last seen in "Absolute Power",[15] survived the reboot of the universe in Infinite Crisis and through flashback we learn that she has used her telepathic abilities to convince Ultraman that he is Kal-El and that she is his mother. His original personality seems intact however as he is portrayed as being as sadistic and self-centered as ever. Saturn Queen further manipulates events to place him in charge of Kandor and mind controls Kara Zor-El (Supergirl) into marrying him. Kara eventually breaks free and in a blind rage beats him to a pulp (at this point in time, Supergirl was portrayed as being slightly more powerful than Superman). Ultraman is saved when Saturn Queen provides information to Supergirl about her lost home of Argo City in exchange for sparing his life. From this point on neither the pre-Crisis Ultraman nor Saturn Queen are seen again and their fates were unknown at the time the universe was rebooted again during 2011's Flashpoint.
Meanwhile, the anti-matter CSA made their next appearance in Trinity.[16] Here it is revealed that the Syndicate have gained control of their Earth again and have been abducting people from throughout all of the individual 52 universes in the current positive matter Multiverse to use as slave labor to repair their damaged Earth. After the hyper-powered Trinity heroes of the story defeat and imprison the Syndicate and free the slaves, the anti-matter Earth falls into chaos.[17]
In Justice League of America (vol. 2) #43, Doctor Impossible and his cohorts use extra-dimensional superhero Blue Jay to open up a gateway to the Multiverse. Owlman, Ultraman, and Superwoman are briefly seen standing atop a building, with shadows obscuring most of their identifying marks, thus making it unclear which versions they are. The full Crime Syndicate members later appear with the original pre-Crisis iterations of Power Ring and Johnny Quick replacing their contemporary counterparts as a mirror to the events of Green Lantern: Rebirth and Flash: Rebirth.[18] After arriving on New Earth following the destruction of their world at the hands of Alexander Luthor (who had built a weapon of mass destruction that detonated following his demise), the Syndicate attacks the Hall of Justice, where Luthor's corpse was interred after his murder at the hands of the Joker during the finale of Infinite Crisis. It is revealed that the Syndicate members were working with Doctor Impossible in order to create a machine that could resurrect the dead, hoping that they could revive Luthor and force him to undo the damage he had dealt to the Crime Syndicate's world. However, just as the machine is to be activated, Doctor Impossible double-crosses the Syndicate and attempts to resurrect Darkseid rather than Luthor, but the machine malfunctions and instead creates an immensely powerful villain called the Omega Man.[19]
In the ensuing storyline, Power Ring is killed, and the members of the Justice League and the Crime Syndicate are forced to work together to stop Omega Man. Realizing that the situation is hopeless, Owlman betrays the League and turns them over to Omega Man, figuring that the Syndicate could take over the League's Earth after Omega Man kills off most of the heroes. At the last second, Batman reveals that he anticipated the Syndicate's betrayal, and used the Tangent Universe's version of Green Lantern to resurrect Luthor behind the Syndicate's back. Though his resurrection is short-lived, Luthor builds a machine that ultimately sends the Syndicate back to their own ravaged world and seemingly destroys Omega Man.
Crime Society of America
In 52 #52, an alternate version of Earth-Three is shown as a part of the new Multiverse. In the depiction are characters that are altered versions of the original Justice League of America, plus the Martian Manhunter. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the two panels in which they appear.[20]
Based on comments by Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-Three, making these new characters unrelated to previous versions. In Countdown #31, the name of this team is revealed to be the Crime Society of America. The Society are said to be evil doppelgangers of the heroes of Earth-2, and make their first solo appearance in Countdown Presents The Search for Ray Palmer: Crime Society #1 written by Sean McKeever and illustrated by Jamal Igle,[21][22][23] In addition to the five known members, this version of the CSA includes evil versions of Green Arrow, Wildcat, Black Canary, Hawkwoman, Stargirl, and the Spectre[24] Later issues introduce Annataz Arataz (the evil counterpart of Zatanna),[25] and counterparts of Supergirl (Kara Zor-El), Wonder Girl (Donna Troy), and Booster Gold.
Shortly after the Crime Society's introduction, they are offered a place among Monarch's army. Already recruited into Monarch's army, Johnny Quick wins a place in Monarch's elite squad when he defeats his Earth-9 and Earth-2 counterparts in the Countdown: Arena mini-series.[26] All of the Crime Society members who are present in the Earth-51 dimension at the end battle with Superman-Prime and the Monarch are killed, as the entire dimension is completely destroyed with only Superman-Prime and a single plant surviving the cataclysm. The original five members are not present at this battle though their fates remain unknown.[27]
The New 52
In August 2013, Geoff Johns revealed that the Crime Syndicate would be the true antagonists of the "Villains Month" event, and the Forever Evil series.[28]
At the conclusion of "Trinity War", it is revealed that the leader of the Secret Society, previously known as "the Outsider", was actually an Earth-3 version of Alfred Pennyworth. He gains possession of Pandora's Box to open a portal to Earth-3 from which the Crime Syndicate emerges. The Crime Syndicate then proceeds to attack the fallen Justice League members and claims Prime Earth now belongs to them.[29]
The New 52 line-up consists of Ultraman, Superwoman, Owlman, Johnny Quick, Power Ring, Deathstorm, Sea King (who does not survive the trip to Prime Earth) and two new members: Atomica, who had posed as Atom while working as a mole for the Secrety Society, and Grid, a sentient computer virus in a robot body made from Cyborg's old prosthetic parts.[29] Sea King, however, awakens after his body is placed at the bottom of the ocean.[30] After Power Ring fell in battle against Sinestro, Grid informs Ultraman and Superwoman about it at the time when they are looking for Batman's Kryptonite Ring. Grid also informs them that the ring has released a pulse that was sensed throughout the Multiverse. Knowing the creature that destroyed their world has found them, Ultraman orders the Syndicate to regroup and heads to Maine with them.[31] Batman, Lex Luthor and their team arrive at the fallen Watchtower, and go in search of Grayson and the Crime Syndicate. Grid informs the Outsider of the intrusion, and he goes to protect their hooded prisoner over Grayson only for Black Manta to intercept Outsider and kill him. Batman, Luthor, Catwoman and Bizarro enter the room with Grayson and see he has been placed in a "Murder Machine" originally intended for Doomsday. They realize that the machine is a detonator for a bomb that can only be stopped if Grayson's heart stops. The remaining Crime Syndicate members return to the Watchtower and attack Sinestro, Deathstroke, and Black Adam. Johnny Quick and Atomica attack Captain Cold and Black Manta, who have unmasked the prisoner and removed the tape from his mouth. Captain Cold fires his cold gun on Johnny Quick's leg and then breaks it off. Back with Grayson, Luthor prevents Batman from saving Grayson, choosing to save the group's lives over Grayson's. As Grayson dies, Batman attacks Luthor for murdering him with Luthor trying to reason with him that he has everything under control. With the hooded prisoner now free, he reveals himself as Alexander Luthor and yells "Mazahs!" to access the dark lightning. Alexander Luthor transforms into Mazahs and kills the injured Johnny Quick, taking his power.[32] After the trapped superheroes are freed from the Firestorm Matrix, Superwoman reveals that the father of her child is actually Alexander Luthor. Mazahs goes on to destroy Deathstorm taking his powers as well as attacking Lex and Bizarro, where Mazahs defeats Bizarro. Mazahs is able to pin Lex, who says "Mazahs!", summoning the dark lightning as he sounds like Alexander Luthor. Lex Luthor is able to defeat him once he is back to Alexander Luthor and then kills him. Ultraman begins attacking Lex. As he does, Black Adam and Sinestro move the moon causing Ultraman to be hit with the sun, weakening him. Atomica reappears from underneath rubble only for Lex Luthor to kill her by stepping on her. Lex Luthor rejoins the heroes and saves Superman by removing the Kryptonite placed in his brain by Atomica. In the aftermath, Ultraman and Superwoman are captured with Owlman still on the loose. It is later revealed that the entity that destroyed the Crime Syndicate's world is the Anti-Monitor, who declares "Darkseid shall be mine."[33]
Founding members
The following five members founded the original Crime Syndicate of America, and have appeared in all additional iterations of the team:
- Ultraman
- The counterpart of Superman. Pre-Crisis, the Earth-Three Ultraman came from a Krypton that had not exploded. This Ultraman also depended on Kryptonite to maintain his superpowers, rather than draining them (originally receiving a new power through each exposure to Kryptonite). Post-Crisis, the anti-matter Earth's Ultraman was a human astronaut (Lieutenant Clark Kent) given Anti-Kryptonite-based superpowers after an encounter with aliens.[citation needed] If he is separated from Anti-Kryptonite long enough, his powers fade away; originally the anti-matter Kent combats this power loss by inserting Anti-Kryptonite capsules under his skin which are released gradually over time, as shown in the JLA: Earth 2 hardcover.[citation needed] Later books state that his increasing resistance level has made this process impractical and he wears the Anti-Kryptonite in the silver colored containers along his costume.[volume & issue needed] The anti-matter Clark Kent has an unhealthy obsession with his universe's Lois Lane, who is his Crime Syndicate teammate Superwoman, having forced her to marry him and bear him a son, who was later possessed by their version of Brainiac.
- Superwoman
- The counterpart of Wonder Woman. Pre-Crisis, Superwoman gained her powers from her world's Amazons, and thus has similar powers to Wonder Woman. Post-Crisis, she is the anti-matter Earth's version of Wonder Woman as well and has either directly or indirectly killed all the Amazons native to her reality.[34] Superwoman took the name of Lois Lane when she established herself in Patriarch's World. Her birth name has not been revealed at present. Superwoman's lasso does not compel others to tell the truth, but instead releases inhibitions and forces a victim to reveal secrets which they find especially humiliating.[citation needed] The post-Crisis Superwoman also has heat vision and continues an open affair with Owlman, much to the anger of her husband Ultraman.
- Owlman
- The counterpart of Batman. Pre-Crisis, Owlman possessed a limited range of mind control powers. Post-Crisis, Owlman's origin was fleshed out with his powers enhanced by a range of technological and physical skills, much like Batman. Post-Crisis antimatter Owlman is Thomas Wayne, Jr., the older brother of his Earth's Bruce Wayne, who was killed along with his mother. Wayne, Jr. blames his father, Police Commissioner Thomas Wayne, Sr., which since started a personal conflict between them to the point that Thomas, Sr. is determined to kill his own son. Wayne, Jr. also increased his IQ with a drug-enhancer for his cerebral cortex as stated in the JLA Earth 2 hardcover. Wayne, Jr. openly possesses plans to counter his teammates' powers. Wayne, Jr. uses these counterattacks whenever he chooses, as he causes Quick to have a minor heart attack at the beginning of the "Syndicate Rules" storyline. Wayne, Jr. has a number of illicit liaisons with Superwoman, though it is not clear whether this is a genuine attraction or just another way of showing her independence from the obsessively jealous and ever-watchful Ultraman.
- Johnny Quick
- The counterpart of the Flash. Pre-Crisis, the criminal Earth-Three Quick was the counterpart of the Barry Allen Flash though was not as fast as Allen. He wore an enhancement helmet that augmented his above human speed but could not break the lightspeed or dimensional barriers on his own even with the helmet's augmentation.[35] His specific birth name was never revealed in-panel. Each post-Crisis Johnny Quick maintains his superpowers with the use of "Speed Juice", a powerful stimulant which was made from the blood of his murdered predecessor.[citation needed] The post-Crisis Quick's predecessor was later resurrected,[34] and was revealed to be the anti-matter counterpart to the Golden Age Johnny Quick.[36]
- Power Ring
- The counterpart of Green Lantern. Pre-Crisis, Power Ring gained his magical ring of power from a Tibetan monk named Volthoom,[citation needed] and has powers similar to the Silver Age Green Lantern. Post-Crisis, the original Power Ring (who still got the ring from a Tibetan monk named Volthoom) was an American named Harrolds,[citation needed] but the JLA: Earth 2 hardcover established that the original Power Ring later gave the ring to a young blond man, the counterpart to Kyle Rayner.[citation needed] His ring was inhabited by the spirit of Volthoom, who often spoke on his own, making inane observations and taking up residence in the ring wielder's mind; all of which is considered a curse to the ring's wielder. The blond Power Ring's favorite tactic in battle was to use the ring to create living Boschian monstrosities capable of destroying whole city blocks. The "Syndicate Rules" storyline showed that after the anti-matter Universe was destroyed by Krona and recreated, certain elements of history had been changed, and now the second Power Ring was a counterpart to John Stewart.[volume & issue needed] This Power Ring was a Slave Marine for many years and was tricked by Harrolds into taking the ring by telling him he was the chosen substitute to wield the ring when Harrolds could not.
Qwardian / Post-Crisis line-up
The CSA's post-Crisis world is primarily governed by the "favor bank"; the only rule that is not consistently broken. If any person should grant a favor for someone else, that person is entitled to compensation whenever they see fit, no matter what the cost or hardship to the latter. Failure to pay back a favor results in inordinately harsh consequences; as seen in the beginning of "Syndicate Rules". A mobster, Jackson "Rat-Eyes" Drake, who failed to follow up on a favor owed was put on "trial" by Owlman, who then had him incinerated by Ultraman as a favor.[citation needed]
A team of Qwardians based on the then-current Justice League International roster appeared on the post-Crisis, pre-Zero Hour Earth, although they did not call themselves the Crime Syndicate.[37] Its members were:
- Scarab - Blue Beetle's counterpart.
- Slipstream - Flash's counterpart.
- Fiero - Fire's counterpart.
- Frostbite - Ice's counterpart.
- Deadeye - Green Arrow's counterpart.
- Elasti-Man - Elongated Man's counterpart.
- Element Man - Metamorpho's counterpart.
It is not clear if any of these characters exist in post-Zero Hour or post-Infinite Crisis continuity.
JLA: Earth 2 line-up
The JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel featured several costumes in the CSA Watchtower, three of them labeled Doctor Noon (Doctor Mid-Nite's counterpart), White Cat (Black Canary's counterpart), and Spaceman (Starman's counterpart).[citation needed]
The Crime Syndicate's universe also included counterparts of Martian Manhunter, Aquaman, and Hawkman known as:
- White Martian - Martian Manhunter's antimatter counterpart. After arriving on Earth, he became Ultraman's chief rival and was eventually killed by him.[38]
- Barracuda - Aquaman's counterpart, though he has a non-human fishman appearance (fish head and blue skin) as shown in Trinity #12. He is seen leading the armies of Atlantis against the surface world in Florida.[39]
- Blood Eagle - Hawkman's counterpart. Killed by the Crime Syndicate.[40]
The New 52 line-up
In addition to the five founding members, The New 52 version of the team introduces four new members:
- Deathstorm - Firestorm's counterpart.
- Sea King - Aquaman's counterpart, who does not survive the trip to Prime Earth. He, however, awakens at the bottom of the ocean in Justice League Dark #25.
- Atomica - Posed as the Atom while infiltrating A.R.G.U.S. and the Justice Leagues for the Outsider.
- Grid - A sentient computer virus in a robot body made from Cyborg's old prosthetic parts.
Other versions
- The "Destiny's Hand" arc of Justice League America introduced an alternate reality created by Doctor Destiny that features a Justice League that became ruthless in the pursuit of justice. The membership is Martian Manhunter, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Flash, Atom, Red Tornado, Black Canary, Firestorm, and Green Arrow. Batman was a member but resigned when he saw the direction the group was taking.
- In the Elseworlds JLA: Another Nail limited series, the Flash and Atom accidentally teleport to an alternate Earth. They are subsequently captured and questioned by the Crime Syndicate, who believe them both to be the cause of the temporal disruptions affecting the Syndicate's Earth.
- In the JLA Classified arc "I Can't Believe It's Not the Justice League", the Super Buddies face a villainous version of themselves in the Power Posse based out of a strip club (as opposed to the Super Buddies' strip mall). Its members include:
- Maxwell Lord
- Sue
- Oberon
- Booster Gold
- Metamorpho
- G'nort (sans power ring, instead a giant monster)
- Mistress Mary (Mary Marvel counterpart)
- Billy (Captain Marvel counterpart)
- Tiffany (Ice counterpart)
In other media
- The World's Greatest Super Friends television series episode "Universe of Evil" features Superman encountering evil versions of the rest of the team from an alternate universe, called the "Super Enemies" (he temporarily swapped places with his own evil counterpart, who wrought havoc and almost defeated the rest of the Super Friends until they swapped back just in time) when trying to stop Mount Vesuvius from erupting (which the evil Superman was causing). This universe's version of the Hall of Justice is called the Hall of Evil, and a demonic-looking face is on the outside of the building. The Super Enemies themselves appear almost identical to the Super Friends, although their version of Aquaman has an eyepatch, Batman's costume is red rather than blue, Robin has a moustache, and Wonder Woman's face is lined, her skin paler, and her costume slightly darker. The evil Superman is the most noticeably different, with black on his costume where the regular version has blue (i.e. the majority), and his eyes are red with black marks around them. The Gleek of this Universe has fangs, a more evil face, and an arrow-shaped tail. (Evil Wonder Twins also appear, but are only seen in shadow in the darkened Hall of Evil.)
- In the Justice League animated series, a team called the Justice Lords (who takes elements of the Crime Syndicate) appears as the League's counterparts from an alternate universe. They first appeared in the two-part Justice League episode "A Better World", which was originally to feature the Crime Syndicate.[41] Unlike the Crime Syndicate though, the Justice Lords are not simply evil opposites of their good counterparts; rather, they rule their world with an iron fist in order to end war and crime. The death of their Flash set a chain of events in motion that ended with the death of the alternate Lex Luthor at the hands of the alternate Superman. It was the government's fears that the Justice League might one day become like the Justice Lords that sparked Project Cadmus. Robotic doubles of the Justice Lords are created as a diversion by the newly combined Lex Luthor/Brainiac in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Divided We Fall". Of special note, the Justice Lords are said to have been also inspired at least in part by Wildstorm Comics' The Authority in the creative team's commentary on the DVD.
- The Crime Syndicate is featured in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Deep Cover for Batman," but referred to as the Injustice Syndicate and save for Owlman, does not feature any other members of the original comic book Crime Syndicate. This is due to the show itself not featuring the original Justice League aside from scattered flashbacks, instead choosing to focus on lesser-known characters. However, when the Justice League International was introduced in the following season, it did feature Aquaman and Fire, both of whom have Syndicate counterparts featured in the episode.[42] Owlman is focused on more than the others. They are alternate world counterparts of the main six heroes of the show and four minor heroes: Batman (Owlman), Green Arrow (Blue Bowman), Blue Beetle (Scarlet Scarab), Atom (Dyna-Mite), Red Tornado (Silver Cyclone), Plastic Man (Elastic Man, name revealed by his toy figure) and unnamed alternate versions of Aquaman and Fire (alternate versions of B'wana Beast and Wildcat were only seen in flashbacks). With the help of Red Hood (this reality's version of Joker) and heroic versions of the series' recurring supervillains (consisting of Clock King, Doctor Polaris, Gentleman Ghost, Gorilla Grodd, and Sinestro), the Injustice Syndicate was defeated and imprisoned. With Silver Cyclone destroyed, the bomb they planned to launch to Batman's Earth is sent to Earth-161, a reality of Earth where everyone is a zombie. While this team was not a direct adaptation of the comic book iteration of the Crime Syndicate, it was the first time a member of the Crime Syndicate (Owlman) appeared in any medium outside of the comics.
Justice League: Worlds Collide
A Justice League DTV was planned, called Justice League: Worlds Collide, in which the Crime Syndicate would have been the main antagonists and which would have taken place during the gap between seasons 2 and 3.[43]
Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths
The Crime Syndicate appeared in the 2010 Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths DC animated film, which was based on the abandoned Justice League: Worlds Collide project. This version of the Crime Syndicate is based on actual crime syndicates, consisting of different families and bosses. It is composed of Ultraman (voiced by Brian Bloom), Superwoman (voiced by Gina Torres), Owlman (voiced by James Woods), Power Ring (voiced by Nolan North), Johnny Quick (voiced by James Patrick Stuart), and J'edd "The Martian" J'arkus (a counterpart of the Martian Manhunter), collectively known as the "Bosses", with Ultraman as the "Boss of Bosses". Below them are lower-tier villains called the "Made Men" who were granted superpowers by the "Bosses" in exchange for joining the Syndicate.
- Ultraman's henchmen include "Mister Action" (a super-powered version of Jimmy Olsen based on Blockbuster).
- Owlman's faction is based on the Outsiders which consists of Black Power (the Crime Syndicate version of Black Lightning), Model Citizen (the Crime Syndicate version of Looker), Sai (the Crime Syndicate version of Katana) and Aurora (the Crime Syndicate version Halo), as well as the surviving members of J'edd J'arkus' faction.
- Superwoman's faction is based on the Marvel Family (referred to as the "Super Family"), the Justice Society of America, and the "Satellite" incarnation of the Justice League which consists of Captain Super (the Crime Syndicate version of Captain Marvel), Captain Super Jr. (the Crime Syndicate version of Captain Marvel Jr.), Uncle Super (the Crime Syndicate version of Uncle Marvel), Mary Mayhem (the Crime Syndicate version of Mary Marvel), Manhawk (the Crime Syndicate version of Hawkman), Mr. Horrific (the Crime Syndicate version of Mr. Terrific), Megamorpho (the Crime Syndicate version of Metamorpho), She-Bat (the Crime Syndicate's cross between Man-Bat and Catwoman),[44] Scarlet Scarab (the Crime Syndicate version of Blue Beetle) and unnamed Crime Syndicate henchmen based on Wildcat, Sandman, Power Girl, Doctor Fate, Zatanna, Firestorm, Red Tornado, Cyborg, and Swamp Thing.[45]
- Johnny Quick's henchmen include Warwolf (the Crime Syndicate version of Lobo), Archer (the Crime Syndicate version of Green Arrow), and Scream Queen (the Crime Syndicate version of Black Canary).
- Power Ring's henchmen include Olympia (the Crime Syndicate version of Wonder Girl).
- J'edd J'arkus' faction was based on the Detroit incarnation of the Justice League and consisted of Breakdance (the Crime Syndicate version of Vibe), Extruded Man (the Crime Syndicate cross between Elongated Man and Plastic Man), Vamp (the Crime Syndicate version of Vixen), Fortuneteller (the Crime Syndicate version of Gypsy), and Angelique (the Crime Syndicate version of Hawkgirl). Jarkus's faction was dissolved when Jester sacrificed his life to detonate a bomb that killed J'edd J'arkus and Angelique. The surviving members as well as the faction's territory was divided among the remaining five members. Owlman used most of the surviving members of J'edd J'arkus' crew in the raid of Luthor's Justice League HQ.
The Crime Syndicate's opposition was the Justice League (a version of the Justice Underground), an alliance of superheroes forged by this Earth's Lex Luthor. Surviving members briefly seen in the film include Jester (this Earth's version of The Joker), and Harley (the Jester's pet monkey). The President of the United States in this world is famed war hero and former government agent Slade Wilson, who is depicted as missing his left eye rather than his right. President Wilson is reluctant to speak out against the Syndicate due to being afraid of what they would do to his daughter Rose, and it is implied that his wife was killed by the Syndicate for similar reasons. During one of Rose's speech against the Crime Syndicate, the Crime Syndicate sends Archer to assassinate her, only to be defeated by Martian Manhunter and arrested by the authorities. The Crime Syndicate leaders were not pleased with the news of Archer's arrest. Following the deaths of Owlman and Johnny Quick, the Syndicate's remaining leaders are arrested by Marines led by President Wilson, who sees to it that his world's law enforcement hunts down and arrests the remaining members.
Although the Syndicate itself does not appear in the Teen Titans television series, a similar team, the Teen Tyrants, appear in issue #48 of the comic spin-off. The roster consists of Red Robin (the parallel Earth counterpart of Dick Grayson, not Red Robin), Tempest (the parallel Earth counterpart of Aqualad), Arsenal (counterpart of Speedy), Red Raven (counterpart of Raven) and Blackfire (counterpart of Starfire, not Blackfire). Their costumes are all colored with black and red to show their violent, gothic, corrupt nature and willingness to kill. There appearances are similar to their counterparts with a few differences. Red Robin's eyes are red, and he sports a red version of his counterpart's costume (albeit with a large grey "R" across his chest); Tempest wears a costume that his counterpart wears much later, has a hook in place of his left hand and has shorter hair; Arsenal has an "A" on his belt buckle and has a goatee; Red Raven wears a red version of her counterpart's costume and has pink hair; Blackfire wears red instead of purple and has black hair. Interestingly, there are no evil counterparts of Cyborg or Beast Boy despite both of them being part of the Teen Titans.
The Teen Tyrants appear when Raven attempts to send Killowat back to his own time, but he is accidentally sent to the Teen Tyrants' dimension where they have conquered Jump City. He is held captive after being assumed of being part of the Brotherhood of Justice (the parallel Earth Brotherhood of Evil but non-villainous). The Teen Titans travel to that dimension to rescue him, but once they step through the portal, they fight the Tyrants and are defeated. The Teen Tyrants attempt to conquer their counterparts' universe until Blackfire reveals that she is working undercover for the Brotherhood of Justice, whom she summons, and they help the Titans defeat the Tyrants. Killowat is then freed and sent back to his dimension.
See also
- ^ Greenberger, Robert (2008), "Crime Syndicate", in Dougall, Alastair, The DC Comics Encyclopedia, New York: Dorling Kindersley, p. 89, ISBN 0-7566-4119-5, OCLC 213309017
- ^ McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
Writer Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky crafted a tale in which the Crime Syndicate...ambushed the JLA on Earth-1.
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "The Most Dangerous Earth of All" Justice League of America 30 (September 1964)
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Vosburg, Mike (p), Smith, Bob (i). "One Earth Too Many" Secret Society of Super Villains 13 (March 1978)
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Vosburg, Mike (p), Smith, Bob (i). "Crisis on Earth-3 (Reprise)!" Secret Society of Super Villains 14 (April–May 1978)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Buckler (p), Hunt, Dave (i). "Crisis on Three Earths!" DC Comics Presents Annual 1 (1982)
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 198: "The Justice League of America teamed up with the Justice Society of America on a large-scale with 'Crisis on Earth-Prime', a five-part saga that crossed from the pages of Justice League of America into All-Star Squadron."
- ^ Thomas, Roy (2000). "The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups". The All-Star Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 1-893905-05-5. Justice League of America #207-209 (Oct.-Dec. 1982) and All-Star Squadron #14-15 (Oct.-Nov. 1982)
- ^ Animal man 24 &25 (January 1992)
- ^ Infinite Crisis 06 (September 2005)
- ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 295: "Writer Grant Morrison and artist Frank Quitely brought the Crime Syndicate of America back to DC continuity in JLA: Earth 2."
- ^ Adventures of Superman #603 - 605 (June - July 2002)
- ^ JLA #604 - 605 (July - August 2002)
- ^ Supergirl v5, 7 - 9 ((June - August 2006)), DC Comics
- ^ Superman/Batman #14 - 18(December 2002 - April 2003)
- ^ Trinity #9(May 2009)
- ^ Trinity #16 (August 2009)
- ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #50-53
- ^ "DC Universe: The Source » Blog Archive » Your BRIGHTEST DAY solicitations for October". DC Comics. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ 52 52: 11/3–4 (2 May 2007), DC Comics
- ^ Countdown Presents The Search for Ray Palmer: Wildstorm #1
- ^ Brady, Matt (2007-05-08). "The 52 Exit Interviews: Grant Morrison". Newsarama. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta. "A Quick Check-In With Jamal Igle". Newsarama.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
- ^ Countdown #31, September 2007
- ^ Countdown #24, November 2007
- ^ Countdown: Arena #1, December 2007
- ^ Countdown #2–1, May 2008
- ^ Esposito, Joey (August 9, 2013). "Geoff Johns Reveals the True Villains Behind Forever Evil". IGN.
- ^ a b Johns, Geoff (w), Reis, Ivan (p), Prado, Joe, Oclair Albert, Eber Ferreira (i), Reis, Rod (col), Napolitano, Nick J. (let). "Trinity War Chapter Six: Conclusion" Justice League v2, 23 (October 2013), DC Comics
- ^ DeMatteis, J. M. (w), Janin, Mikel (p), Cifuentes, Vincente, Guillermo Ortego (i), Cox, Jeromy (col), Leigh, Rob (let). "Forever Evil: Blight: The Rebirth of Evil" Justice League Dark 25 (January 2014), DC Comics
- ^ Forever Evil #5
- ^ Forever Evil #6
- ^ Forever Evil #7
- ^ a b Justice League of America (vol. 2) #50
- ^ Secret Society of Super Villains (vol. 1) #13
- ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #51
- ^ Justice League Quarterly 8 ((Summer 1992)), DC Comics
- ^ JLA: Earth 2 ((2000)), DC Comics
- ^ JLA 114 ((Jul 2005)), DC Comics
- ^ JLA 112 ((May 2005)), DC Comics
- ^ "The Justice League Watchtower - "A Better World" (#37-38)". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "The World's Finest: New "Batman: The Brave And The Bold" Scheduled For February 2009 On Cartoon Network". The World's Finest. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "The Justice League Watchtower - Unproduced DTV: "Justice League: World's Collide"". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "EARTH 2 CRIME SYNDICATE by *Jerome-K-Moore: Jerome-K-Moore on deviantART". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "Family1CRISIS.JPG (image)". Retrieved 13 October 2014.