text:
t a Pla
c i t s i de
a consumer guide to pesticide issues in the food chain
Acknowledgements Pesticides on a Plate: a consumer guide to pesticide issues in the food chain Design and layout: Rebecca Richings Published by: Pesticide Action Network UK Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT Tel: 020 7065 0905 email@example.com www.pan-uk.org Photos are copyright of PAN UK, unless otherwise credited. PAN UK, London, 2007. PAN UK is a registered charity (UK No. 327215) This booklet has been produced with the financial assistance of theEuropean Community and the Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation for PAN UK's project entitled Food & Fairness: Changing supply chains for African livelihoods and environment. The views expressed herein are those of PAN UK and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community.
Contents 1. What are pesticides?
2. Why should I be concerned?
3. How do I know what pesticides my food contains?
4. How and why do pesticides end up in our food?
5. How can we avoid pesticides ending up in our food?
6. What about the effects on farmers and farm workers?
7. What are supermarkets doing about this?
8. Are pesticides in food and farming the only problem?
9. Who should pay to solve these problems?
10. Some good news stories
11. What can I do personally?
12. Further reading and resources
1. What are pesticides? Hundreds of natural and manmade harmful or poisonous substances surround us in our 21st century world. Pesticides are just one group but they are unique in being the only chemicals designed and deliberately released into the environment by humans, to kill or damage other living organisms. You can tell this from their name- the ending '-cide' literally means 'killer' in Latin. The term pesticide covers a wide range of chemicals used to control insect pests (insecticides), plant diseases (fungicides), weeds (herbicides), rats and mice (rodenticides), slugs and snails (molluscicides) or other unwanted organisms. Several pesticides were originally developed as nerve poisons to be used as instruments of war. When peace came, their manufacturers found a ready new market for these products as pest control agents.
Today insecticides are sprayed on crops and in homes to kill unwanted insect pests, and fungicides to control microscopic organisms that cause diseases in crop plants or mould and rot on walls and timber. Herbicides (weed-killers) are often sprayed on fields, paths, pavements, along road and rail lines, golf courses and gardens to control plants growing in the "wrong place". And it is not only farmers that use them - many people use them in their homes and gardens or on their pets (e.g. flea collars) and pesticides may also be found in household products such as headlice treatment shampoos, bathroom mould cleaners, carpets, mothballs, anti-bacterial soaps and lawn feeds. Public and private organisations may use them in their buildings and surroundings,
usually without telling their staff, customers or other members of the public. There are over 1,000 different pesticides used in the world today yet most people have probably only heard of the most notorious ones like DDT and Agent Orange. DDT was used in huge quantities for three decades after World War Two as a "miracle cure� for many insect pests in agricultural crops and against household and mosquito pests, until the first signs began to appear that it could have harmful effects on many other animals. Rachel Carson published her famous book Silent Spring in 1962 drawing public attention to the fact that DDT was harming birds and
causing their numbers to decrease dramatically. DDT has been banned for 20 years now in Britain and many other countries but because it breaks down so slowly and builds up in the fatty tissue of all animals (and animal food products like meat, fish, butter and cheese) it has left a toxic legacy around the globe. Traces of DDT can be found in polar bears and seals in the Arctic, . thousands of miles from where it was sprayed. Almost everyone on the planet now has DDT in his or her body and it gets passed to babies in breast milk.
Over 31million kg of pesticides were applied to UK crops in 2005, equivalent to 0.5kg per person living in Britain
Helecopter spraying Agent Orange
Pesticides regularly contaminate homes, schools, workplaces, countryside and urban public spaces, soil, water, air and wildlife – not to mention food and drink and humans themselves. This guide gives basic information on the unintended side effects of reliance on pesticides and suggestions on
how to reduce your exposure to these expensive and harmful substances. PAN UK also works to promote safer alternatives for controlling pests, weeds and plant diseases and you can find out about non-toxic solutions for pest problems in your home and garden on the PAN UK website (see section 12).
Pesticides are often used where children play. Photo: Patti Adair
2.Why should I be concerned? People often do not realise that died in Britain in 2004 as a result many commonly used pesticides of accidentally drinking paraquat are potentially harmful to human stored in unlabelled bottles. health. Some pesticides are Other groups of pesticides may immediately poisonous (acutely result in subtle, long-term toxic) not only to the pests harm to human health. they target but also to These chronic effects humans and many may take many years other animals. For to turn into noticeable example, insecticides symptoms so it is very in the hard to link a particular organophosphate health problem to group work by earlier exposure to disrupting the pesticides. Weednervous system of killers and the target insects. fungicides target However, the biological human nervous processes in plant system works in and fungal tissues much the same which are very way as insect different from systems and so animal biology, yet we are vulnerable scientific research now to the same shows that some of harmful effects. The these may lead to a herbicide paraquat is variety of health another highly toxic problems. It is becoming compound, clearer that many responsible for substances used for pest thousands of control can lead to health human poisonings problems such as worldwide each Targets of chronic different types of cancer, pesticide toxicity year. Two people
Parkinson's disease, infertility, low birth weight of babies or disruption of normal sexual development, damage to tissues, cells and genetic material, and even behavioural or mental problems including depression, lower IQ and attention deficit disorder. Many different groups of people are at risk from exposure to toxic pesticides, including consumers, farmers and farm workers and residents in rural areas. Millions of people per year worldwide experience some form of acute pesticide poisoning. The majority of these are poor farmers, their families and farm workers in
developing countries, where there are unlikely to be effective controls on pesticide handling and where some of the most acutely toxic pesticides are frequently applied without any form of protective clothing. The numbers are imprecise because so few poisonings in developing countries are treated in hospital and therefore never enter official statistics. Estimates of chronic ill health are even harder to make. What is certain is that the most vulnerable groups at risk are the very young, the elderly, those with illnesses or poor nutrition and pregnant women and the unborn child.
BOX 1. Pesticides can cause harm at very small doses. Many of the newer pesticides on the market work at incredibly small concentrations, measured in parts per million or even parts per billion, equivalent to less than a teaspoonful diluted in an Olympic-size swimming pool.
Tiny amounts can wreak havoc in the environment, for example, in 2001, just a quarter of a litre of the insecticide chlorpyrifos spilled by accident into a river in Sussex wiped out aquatic insects along a 20km stretch downstream and caused mass fish deaths.
People are not the only potential victims of pesticide poisoning: wildlife, livestock and household pets are also at risk. The increasing use of pesticides in UK agriculture has resulted in well documented declines in species of native British songbird, including the yellowhammer,
corn bunting, partridge and skylark. There have also been numerous instances of other wildlife, such as birds of prey and foxes, being fatally poisoned by pesticides, either intentionally or accidentally; 455 birds of prey have been killed by pesticide poisoning in Scotland since 1999.
There are legal controls on spraying next to water courses but no such protection for people living in houses close to farmland. UK farmers are required to warn beekeepers 48 hours prior to spraying but rural residents usually get no warning. Yellowhammer numbers have declined in the UK as a result of pesticide use.
Photo: RSPB images
Household pets are also prone to being poisoned as a result of directly ingesting pesticides, notably slug pellets, or indirectly by eating animals such as rats and mice that have been poisoned.
or working close to regularly sprayed fields, walking on public rights of way near sprayed areas or bringing pesticide traces into their homes on the soles of their shoes and other items which may be contaminated.
On average, 30% of the food purchased by the British public contains pesticide residues
In the UK, there are regulations for safety measures and protective equipment for people handling pesticides professionally. However, pesticides can also affect the health of other people, who are exposed without any form of protection and may not even know that they are coming in contact with harmful substances. These include people living
Daily intake of a mixture of residues in tiny doses in ordinary food and drink is probably the commonest route of public exposure to pesticides. On average, 30% of the food purchased by the British public contains pesticide residues, according to government data. The following section looks at the issues for consumers.
3. How do I know what pesticides my food contains? As a result of the widespread use of pesticides in all areas of food production, much of the produce available to buy may have pesticide residues present. The presence of residues is not confined to fresh fruit and vegetables but can also occur in fish, meat, dairy and processed goods such as cereal products, bakery items, tea, coffee, juice and chocolate. The UK government has an ongoing programme of testing foods for pesticide residues, overseen by the Pesticide Residues Committee (PRC) which publishes quarterly reports on its findings. Samples are taken from a range of food outlets (mostly retail stores) across the UK. Some foods (for instance bread, potatoes and apples) are surveyed each year, others less frequently. In 2006 about 40 different
foods were tested and the total number of samples analysed was 3,562. The amount of produce tested is only a tiny fraction of what is actually available and there is almost no testing of residues in the food service, restaurant and catering chains, with the exception of fresh fruit in schools. Since 2005 PAN UK has used the PRC's reports to compile our own assessment of the monitoring data. We used the PRC's data from 2000 to 2006 to determine what foods have been tested and what pesticides were found.
Photo: Richard Sweet
We looked at how often pesticides at any level were detected, how frequently legal levels were exceeded and how often more than one pesticide was found on a
sample. This information is provided on the PAN UK webpages Hidden Extras: Pesticides in Your Food at www.pan-uk.org/Projects/Food/
TABLE 1. The top five fruits, vegetables and other foods most frequently contaminated by pesticides Product
Number of samples
% with residues
Fruit Soft Citrus e.g. mandarins Citrus Pears Bananas Strawberries
167 512 1066 205 283
100% 91% 73% 71% 70%
70 70 137 51 48
76% 74% 69% 53% 48%
4 107 34 34 137
100% 98% 91% 85% 82%
Vegetables Speciality Beans Salads Celery Herbs Potato chips
Other food items Barley, pearl Bran Rye Oats Wheat grain
PAN UK undertakes this work for a number of reasons:
• To provide a clearer and more user-friendly summary of the test results for the public • To assess trends in the presence of residues on particular food items • To identify which food items would result in the greatest consumption of pesticide residues • To identify which pesticides most frequently occur as residues and to provide information on the potential health impacts of these substances
Not all fruit and vegetables are equally likely to contain pesticide residues. PAN UK's assessment has identified those foodstuffs with the highest amounts or that most frequently contain residues. This should not be taken as the last word in residue levels but merely as an indicator of the foods that might be best avoided and preferably sourced organically (see section 11 below). Table 1 details the top five most frequently contaminated fruits, vegetables and other foods, as of August 2007. This information is liable to change as new government testing results become available. For the most up to date information please regularly visit the PAN UK website. PRC surveys often include a few organic samples, and in the vast majority of these no residues are found.
UK Government data shows that from 2000 – 2006, of the apples tested for pesticide residues, 60% were found to contain residues. In total residues of 43 different pesticides were found on the samples.
While it is highly unlikely that UK consumers would suffer acute poisoning from the tiny concentrations of pesticides regularly found in food, it is the possible long-term consequences that are of concern. Current risk assessment by EU governments is done on a single chemical basis, yet the public are exposed to a daily diet of a mixture of pesticides, and scientists have very little understanding of how these 'cocktails' may act inside the human body. Some medical
practitioners are concerned about subtle effects on the development of the nervous system of children under five years old and babies in the womb, linked to cumulative exposure to neurotoxic compounds with similar modes of action. Recent independent assessments of UK government residue data show that official safety limits for toddlers are exceeded in some samples. PAN UK disagrees with the government's judgement that such residue levels are "no cause for concern".
The alternative pesticides residues report PAN UK conducted its own analysis of the 2005 PRC data to highlight some of the issues that are important to consumers.
4. How and why do pesticides end up in our food? Use of synthetic pesticides, manufactured from petrochemical materials, has been the norm in most modern agriculture since the 1950s. These may be applied to food crops at any stage from before sowing the seed, during fruit or grain development and after harvest. Using these chemicals is one way of controlling pests, weeds and other undesirable organisms that can damage crop yield or quality. But there are other ways to manage these pests, as used in organic and IPM (Integrated Pest Management) systems (see section 5). Unfortunately, government policies on agriculture and food safety, and the industrial scale of farming and food retail systems in recent years, have tended to encourage the use of pesticides as the dominant form of pest control. The agrochemical manufacturers have profited handsomely from selling these products, while many farmers find it hard to see how they can reduce their reliance on these hazardous chemicals.
Although there are strict instructions on using pesticides on food crops, including specifying a safety period between application and harvest, residues of pesticides often remain on crops when they reach the consumer. This can happen even when farmers are following instructions precisely. Fresh fruit and vegetables are often contaminated, but contamination can also occur in wheat and other cereal grains milled and baked in bread or cakes, in dairy products, honey, and meat and fish. Processing and cooking may remove some but not all pesticide residues.
The amount of pesticide used, type and toxicity varies enormously between different crop types, farmer practice and regions. For some crops and pesticides, the residues are mainly found on the peel or skin, for example, citrus fruits are very commonly contaminated with residues of fungicides applied after picking, to prevent the fruit rotting (Box 2). Fungicide levels inside the flesh of the fruit are usually well below 10% of levels on the peel. In others, pesticides might be applied to the crop seed
or the soil to protect the growing plants, and some of these can be absorbed into the entire plant tissue - leaves, fruit or seeds, and may remain for weeks. Some pesticides applied during the growing season may be broken down by the action of sunlight, water or bacteria within a week or so of spraying, and will not therefore lead to residues in the food produced. Others are more persistent, and can be detected weeks or months after application, on food crops and in the soil and water.
BOX 2. To distribute fresh produce over thousands of miles and keep it fresh on the shelf for many days often means applying considerable amounts of fungicides after harvest to prevent rotting. Most conventionally grown citrus is treated in the packhouse with imazalil fungicide, which is routinely detected in residue monitoring. Imazalil is classified as moderately hazardous in terms of acute toxicity, and is suspected to have links with cancer, reproductive and developmental problems. Fungicides may be incorporated into the wax treatments given to citrus and other fruits to stop them drying out in transit. Sometimes information on such post-harvest treatment is given on fruit packs or shipping boxes. In contrast, organic citrus is not permitted to be treated at all after harvest. Wastage from rotting can be higher than in non-organic fruit, and the fruit may not last as long in top condition in your fruit bowl.
Today's demand from supermarkets The same is true for crops grown and consumers for cosmetically in the UK, like apples, where lower perfect fresh fruit and vegetables residues and reduced pesticide is a further reason for current exposure of those in and around levels of residues in our food. orchards could be achieved if People have grown accustomed to consumers were more tolerant of buying produce with no blemishes minor blemishes or the occasional or variations in colour and of insect in their pack of fruit. Harduniform size and shape. pressed farmers would also Supermarkets compete fiercely to benefit as they could take higher persuade consumers that their risks in pest and disease control produce is the best, with mainly methods, if they were not so Grade I produce stocked on the pressurised to meet supermarket shelf. Grade II fruits and Grade I quality standards and by vegetables are equally good in customer demands. terms of nutrition but may not quite make the visual grade. Citrus growers could definitely reduce the level of orchard spraying if customers were to accept a higher level of blemishes on the fruit; this would have a positive effect on farm worker health, environment and farmers' income. If food importers and supermarkets would accept a few more cosmetic defects and a little more wastage, post-harvest pesticide use could be reduced If consumers are prepared to buy produce that is too, resulting in fewer less than 100% cosmetically perfect, this can help farmers to reduce pesticide use. residues on fruit. 15
5. How can we avoid pesticides ending up in our food? A number of UK and European surveys over recent years have regularly pointed to the fact that the majority of people would prefer to have food free of pesticide residues. Given the prevalence of pesticide use in food production how easy is this to achieve? This section explores some of the options for our food and farming systems, with more details for what you can do as an individual in section 11.
Organic Buying organic produce, or growing your own, is perhaps the way in which one can be most confident of avoiding pesticide residues in food. Organic production does not allow the use of toxic synthetic pesticides. Instead, organic farmers use ecologically-based strategies for preventing and managing pests, such as pest or disease-resistant crop varieties, regular crop rotation to avoid the build up of pest problems, mechanical or thermal weeding, and conserving or introducing natural predators and parasites which feed on insect pests.
Organic food is in the vast majority of cases free of pesticide residues. There are, however, a very small number of instances in the test results provided by the PRC (see section 3) where residues have been found in organic produce, as a result of contamination from 'conventional' agriculture. Soils, farm buildings and equipment may be contaminated from the use of persistent pesticides such as DDT more than 20 years ago, sometimes transported in wind or rain, so it is impossible to escape contamination 100% of the time.
Other farming practices that reduce pesticide use and residues Residue monitoring data shows that 70% of foodstuffs sold in the UK do not contain residues so it is perfectly possible for more farmers to grow residue-free food, although this is easier for some crops than others. It is also possible for the food and government sectors to address key problems together, for example, in the late 1990s residues levels on carrots in British supermarkets were so high
that the UK government issued a warning to the public to peel carrots before eating. Since 2003, concerted efforts in the food chain have resulted in a noticeable drop in residue levels in carrots. What is still lacking is more demand from consumers for safe food, and support from supermarkets and others to help farmers change to safer methods of pest management in all crops. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems that only use synthetic pesticides as a last resort and under strict controls, when ecological methods of pest control have failed, can significantly reduce or eliminate the need for and use of pesticides. Whilst IPM does not stop the use
of pesticides, significant reductions in use should mean much lower or no residues on the food produced. Some IPM systems prohibit the use of particular hazardous pesticides, again, with benefits for consumers and those on-farm. However, as there is currently no certification scheme for IPM in the UK (unlike organic certification with its strict standards and inspection system), it is not easy to tell which produce has been grown with reduced pesticide use, particularly if you are buying from a supermarket. It might be possible to find produce grown under IPM systems at your local farmers' market by talking to the people selling but this produce has no consumer label.
Ladybirds (insert) and other predatory insects can be released into commercial glasshouses to feed on pests like blackfly, reducing the need for insecticides.
6. What about the effects on farmers and farm workers? Consumers are right to be concerned about pesticide residues in their own diets. Nevertheless, people working on farms the world over run the greatest risks of pesticide-related ill health. Hundreds of studies since the 1970s document poisonings of farmers and farmworkers, mainly in developing countries (Box 3). In industrialised countries higher levels of several chronic or life-threatening illnesses are found in farming communities exposed to pesticides, compared with the rest of the population.
For example, PAN partners in Chile estimate that 2,000-3,000 farm workers are made ill by pesticides each year, 70% of them women. Many of these workers are employed in Chile's important export agriculture sector, best known for apples, pears, table grapes and wine, some of which you can find on supermarket shelves in Britain. Chilean exporters take great pains to convince their buyers in Europe of the high quality of their produce, yet the health and welfare of the thousands of farm workers involved seems of less concern.
The insecticide endosulfan has caused several hundred acute and fatal poisonings among cotton farming communities in West Africa since its introduction in 1999. 18
In 2005, 73 people working in an apple orchard were taken ill with vomiting, nausea, serious skin irritation and breathing difficulties. The trees had been sprayed with the nerve toxin chlorpyrifos. In an earlier incident 22 seasonal farm workers became ill while harvesting beans. Mainly women, they suffered severe burning and sores on their skin, from handling plants still wet with pesticide spray; and several had to be hospitalised. Three years later, some of the women continue to suffer severe dermatitis over much of their body and are unable to work in the field. One Chilean member of parliament stated "It's shameful to admit that such conditions exist in Chile in the 21st century. Today an apple or a kiwi fruit is valued more than the workers who produce them".
worst pesticide violations in North Carolina state history. State health officials are investigating whether pesticide exposure is to blame for three deformed babies lacking limbs or sex organs born to AgMart fieldworkers. Inspectors say the company exposed workers to a host of poisonous chemicals, some linked to birth defects. One of the most dangerous pesticides they use was applied at over three times the legal limit. AgMart failed to train its workers to handle pesticides safely, to supply them with proper safety equipment or adequate water to rinse their eyes. It also allowed employees to work in newly sprayed fields – fields that would not be safe to re-enter for up to a week after spraying. At least one study has linked the soil fumigant methyl bromide to cancer in farm workers and workers cannot, by law, be made to re-enter a treated field for 48 hours afterwards. Inspectors spoke to one worker who said he had been out in the fields while the methyl bromide was actually being applied.
At least one study has linked the soil fumigant methyl bromide to cancer in farm workers
It is not just in developing countries that pesticides can harm farming and rural communities. In 2005, US tomato company AgMart was accused of one of the
In Europe, one in five farm workers also consider they have suffered some form of ill health as a result of working with pesticides. PAN UK has been contacted by a considerable number of people adversely affected by pesticides in Britain with long-term, debilitating illnesses such as multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue syndrome. Some of them are farmers, farm workers or people who worked handling ornamental plants. People living
close to farmland that is regularly sprayed – an increasing segment of the population as housing estates spread into the countryside – may also become affected. Unlike farmers who are generally inside tractor cabs and wearing proper protective equipment, these so-called "bystanders" are not protected at all from pesticide drifting into their homes, schools or workplaces and are not given prior warning of spraying.
With housing expanding into rural areas, more people now live close to fields that are regularly sprayed.
BOX 3. The health fall-out of banana plantations The huge banana plantations of Latin America are notorious for intensive use of hazardous pesticides. In several long-running court cases, thousands of Central American banana workers continue to seek proper compensation for sterility and other serious health problems linked to the extremely toxic pesticide Nemagon, to which they were exposed in the 1980s. More recently, aerial spraying of fungicides in Costa Rica hit the headlines in relation to nearby peasant farming communities. Along with plantation workers, villagers near the Limon Coast plantations of Standard Fruit Company suffer very high rates of chronic dermatitis, respiratory problems and allergies. Miguel Angel Mora Rojas from Bananito Sur, who used to work as a flag marker for the spraying, is one of those affected, with severe skin rashes erupting periodically over his entire body and preventing him from normal work. In 2004, the local clinic concluded that pesticide exposure was 80-90% likely to be the cause but they refused to give him a written statement. "Unfortunately by the time I took action, it was too late to do anything" said Mr Mora. "What worries me most is the situation of my mother who suffers from arthritis and cannot protect herself from the wind which brings the chemicals into our house". The aerial spraying, which can be as frequent as 4050 times per season, has contaminated villagers' crops, livestock and water sources. Cattle eating contaminated pasture have experienced spontaneous abortions and hair loss and there have been mass deaths of poultry and fish.
Mr Mora suffers chronic skin rashes following pesticide exposure. Photo: RAPAL
7. What are supermarkets doing about this? Over the last few years, European supermarkets have started to look very closely at safety aspects of the food they sell, including pesticide residues. This is particularly so in the UK, where the British government was the first to "name and shame� specific retail companies exceeding permitted levels of residues in food. Many retailers are now taking steps to at least keep residue levels below legal limits, but not all are making progress on reducing pesticide use in their supply chain. All major supermarkets do now stock some organic food. Several UK supermarkets recently decided to prohibit some of the most hazardous pesticides throughout their supply chain, and to restrict the use of others, or phase these out over time. PAN UK's Hidden Extras web pages provide links to some of the top UK retail chains and their actions and policy on pesticides. Apart from organic produce, there are some other consumer labelling schemes for specific certified crops or farm standards that include measures to reduce
pesticide use. It is beyond the scope of this guide to go into detail about such consumer label schemes as Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, or less ambitious ones including British Assured Produce and LEAF. Other food sector initiatives and individual companies are also making progress on pesticide practice and alternatives in their supply chains which do not carry specific labels aimed at the consumer (see Further Reading).
However, supermarkets are only one link in our food supply chain. People also buy food from markets, corner shops and convenience stores, and, increasingly, eat outside the home in restaurants, take-aways, and cafes. Pesticide residue and use reduction programmes need to be developed in these other sectors of food supply.
PAN UK urges supermarkets to carry out the following actions: • Publish their own residue testing results on their website • Develop action plans for tackling the most serious residue problems • Provide more information for consumers on pesticides used in their produce • Commit to phasing out the most hazardous pesticides • Provide concrete technical and financial support for farmers to reduce their reliance on pesticides • Pay a fairer price to farmers, which will help them invest in more sustainable farming practices • Collaborate with researchers, government agencies and farmer and consumer organisations to promote alternative methods of pest control • Engage with their customers and take action on unnecessary, cosmetic use of pesticides • Monitor and publish volumes of pesticides used in their food supply chain, and measure progress in reduction • Phase out sale of home and garden pesticides and offer safe non-chemical alternatives • Stock more organic produce, especially from the UK
8. Are pesticides in food and farming the only problem?
People often wrongly assume that pesticides are used only in the agriculture sector and that the most likely way for people to come into contact with them is via their food or from living next door to fields that are sprayed. However, pesticides are all around us in many of the things that we encounter on a day to day basis.
have grown with the boom in the number of people that are cultivating allotments. Given that there are an estimated 15 billion slugs in the UK as well as other garden pests, it is not surprising that many gardeners turn to substances on sale in garden centres and other shops that aim to tackle the problems.
Gardening is one of the most popular pastimes in the UK: there are approximately 20 million gardens in the UK with 10 million regular gardeners. These numbers
Whilst the active substances found in pest control products available to the public are not as hazardous or as concentrated as agricultural pesticides, they do still
contain very unpleasant chemicals. For example, most slug pellets contain the active substance metaldehyde, which is acutely toxic to all organisms that swallow it. Slugs that die as a result of metaldehyde are often eaten by birds and other wildlife; the poison that killed the slug is still active and can lead to death or serious illness. Whilst slugs are a problem for many, perhaps most, gardeners, there are alternative methods for controlling them that do not require the use of toxic pesticides.
The bad news is that many of these substances are used indiscriminately under the assumption that they are the only course of action for the particular problem. The good news is that in many cases there are effective alternatives to chemicals available. PAN UK provides information on its website about alternatives ways of controlling a variety of pests in the home and garden (see section 12).
Another product that is commonly used in gardens to control weeds is the herbicide glyphosate, often marketed as Roundup. Whilst glyphosate is promoted as being a harmless substance, recent research has found it to be potentially harmful to human health as well as being toxic to aquatic life. Non-agricultural pesticides are not limited to home gardening, they occur in a wide range of situations, including use on cut flowers, carpet treatments, woodworm and timber treatments, controlling head lice and in cat and dog flea powders and collars.
Herbicides used to control weeds on pavements and roads often end up polluting water through the drainage system.
9. Who should pay to solve these problems? Did you realise how often consumers end up paying for the hidden costs of pesticide damage or contamination? Some of these costs affect almost everyone, for example in relation to drinking water. Water companies in Britain spend around £100 million each year to remove pesticides from household water and these costs are passed on to consumers as part of their water bills. When people suffer ill health from pesticide poisoning they may have to pay privately for specialist diagnosis and treatment, as well as using the National Health Service, which in turn costs the public as taxpayers. A very conservative cost estimate for British farmers, farm workers, rural residents and food consumers harmed by pesticides is £1.27 million per year and that does not take account of any long-term effects on health. It is impossible to put an economic
value on the physical or mental suffering caused for an affected person and their family. Harm to fish, bees, pets, beneficial insects and wildlife due to pesticide pollution is a major cost, and taxpayers end up paying for government monitoring and control of pesticides. Pesticides also contribute to climate change because they are mainly manufactured from oil, using considerable energy. Overall, British society pays at least £163 million a year in these hidden costs of pesticides, equivalent to £7.43 for each kilo of pesticide sprayed.
Overall, British society pays at least £163 million a year in hidden costs of pesticides
The hidden costs can be even higher in poor countries – for farm families and for the country as a whole. Peasant farmers in Ghana estimated that they lost 20 days off sick each season after spraying toxic insecticides on cotton. Added to the costs of treatment this meant losing £27
per year, for families who earn less than £1 a day. Mali is one of the world's poorest countries and harm caused by cotton pesticides costs its citizens at least £6.3 million a year.
users to start paying some of the costs of the side-effects. Such a tax should deliver benefits for farmers by helping to fund advice on pesticide reduction and alternatives. Making pesticide use more expensive also makes people think more carefully about how much they really need to use. Different sectors in the food chain, from farmers to supermarkets to consumers, all need to pay a share of the hidden costs. Consumers also have a vital part to play, not only by demanding safer food and farming practices, but also by being prepared to pay a little more for their food to allow for this.
It is grossly unjust that while the agrochemical companies and the farming sector gain from selling and using pesticides, the costs of their negative side-effects are usually carried by other people. Latest data from the US estimate that for every US dollar spent on using pesticides, virtually a dollar's worth of hidden health and social costs are generated. PAN UK believes that all sectors need to take responsibility for these costs and look for ways to reduce them, starting with those who profit the most from hazardous pesticides. PAN UK supports the introduction of a pesticide tax as one element of a comprehensive programme for pesticide reduction. By taxing pesticides, Over 50,000 tonnes of old, unwanted pesticides are governments could scattered across Africa in poorly maintained stores, oblige pesticide leaking into soil and water. Removing this toxic waste will cost over US$ 150 million. manufacturers and
10. Some good news stories But it is not all bad news, in fact, there are many, small positive steps being taken by millions of people all over the world to move away from pesticides. Growing and buying organic food and textiles is one obvious route, although it is still difficult for many farmers to make this shift and for many consumers to find or afford organic produce. PAN UK fully supports the organic ethos and also believes it is essential to push for change in the 97% of the farming sector that is non-organic and still relies on synthetic pesticides.
There are increasing numbers of encouraging initiatives and success stories. For example, in the last eight years, almost 2,000 small and medium scale farmers growing rice, vegetables, fruit and nuts in Iran have drastically cut back their use of insecticides, thanks to season-long, practical training in Farmer Field Schools. By learning about natural methods of pest management and experimenting with safer and more sustainable ways to grow a healthy crop and conserve soil and water, these farmers have also been able to save money, get
Organic Farmer Field School for vegetable farmers in Ghana.
better harvests and earn more income for their families. Rice farmers have cut the number of pesticide sprays from around nine per season, to just one or two, and some have managed to do without pesticides altogether. The trained farmers are now producing rice that is free of residues and are raising local consumer awareness about pesticide hazards and building demand for safe food and farming. An added bonus is that the dramatic reduction in pesticide water pollution is helping to protect the endangered Siberian Crane, a rare and beautiful bird that breeds in Iranian farmland. In several African countries, farmers are getting involved in organic cotton production, as a healthier and more profitable farming system for their communities. PAN UK works with partners in Europe and Africa to build greater market demand for organic textiles and clothing, encouraging small and large businesses, fashion designers and consumers to opt for organic and to help support more environmentally friendly and socially just livelihoods for Africa's millions of poor cotton farmers.
In Europe too, some progressive companies and farmers' associations are cutting back on pesticides. The Walloon Integrated Production Fruitgrowers Association (GAWI) in Belgium, created 20 years ago, supports almost 50 apple and pear growers to reduce their use of pesticides and to manage their orchards to encourage wildlife and natural pest control. GAWI carries out training and research on sustainable orchard production. It markets members' fruit under a special FruitNet label, in one of the main Belgian supermarkets and through schools and farm shops.
The FruitNet label
BOX 4. In Senegal, PAN UK and PAN Africa work with 2,000 farm families growing fruit and vegetables, either organically or with greatly reduced use of pesticides. Madame Jeanne Diatara of the Senegalese Network of Women in Organic Agriculture & Fair Trade promotes closer links between organic farmers and consumers in Senegal. She says "You can certainly taste the difference between our organic tomatoes and those on the local market that are full of chemicals. But only a few consumers really understand the difference so we farmers need to raise awareness of the Senegalese public of where their produce comes from and how it is grown". Mr Elhadji Hamath Hane, organic farmer and founder member of AGRINAT, which runs a weekly market stall, explains further: "Growing vegetables by organic or other methods that do not rely on pesticides certainly requires more time and effort but there is currently no market reward for safer food in Senegal. We need to develop market outlets that recognize the extra effort and expense in growing without hazardous pesticides". Five farmers associations trained in organic and IPM methods now plan to supply residue-free produce direct to Senegalese hospitals, as sick people deserve the healthiest food available. They plan to combine this with educational leaflets about the hazards of pesticides for consumers and for farming communities.
11. What can I do personally? (1) Firstly, do not stop eating fruit and vegetables! Eating the recommended "five a day� is important to good nutrition. (2) Consider, however, what foods you and your family eat most frequently. If you are unable to switch to a completely organic diet, start with buying organic produce for those foods which you eat most often or which are most likely to contain pesticide residues. Up to date assessment of pesticide residue data is available on the PAN UK web pages (details on
page 34), but at the date of this booklet, the ten worst foods for residues during 2000-2006 were flour, potatoes, bread, apples, pears, grapes, strawberries, green beans, tomatoes and cucumbers. Conversely, foods which were least likely to contain residues were squash, cauliflowers, corn-on-thecob, peaches and plums, so you would not need to prioritise buying organic versions of these. Note that this information is only accurate for food tested on sale in the UK. In other countries, the worst and least contaminated may be different.
(3) Wash non-organic fruit and vegetables well. Do not eat the peel of non-organic citrus fruit – that is where the highest concentration of residues is. If you are using the peel, buy organic. (4) Buy fruit and vegetables that are not cosmetically perfect! They will taste the same, and be just as nutritious. Many pesticides' sole function is to produce the perfect fruit/vegetable. Only when consumers show that they are willing to buy blemished produce will supermarkets and growers have to stop hiding behind the argument that "it's what customers want" when asked about their pesticide policies. (5) Organic box schemes for fruit and vegetables, and often other foods, are increasingly available across the UK. These are often supplied by local growers, so farmers tend to get better prices for their supplies, and the food miles of the goods can be lower:
all good reasons to support these schemes. Farmers' markets (another good choice for the support of local growers) usually sell conventional as well as organic produce; again, try to buy organic for those foods you eat most frequently. You can take advantage of direct contact with farmers to ask them about their pesticide practice. (6) Ask questions of your local supermarket – what are they doing about reducing residues? Are they improving their labelling to give better information to consumers? Are they supporting growers who are making efforts to reduce or phase out pesticides? You can find suggestions on PAN UK's Hidden Extras web pages for contacting your food retailers to demand change. (7) Grow your own organic fruit and vegetables! This way, you will know that nothing toxic has been used on them. Even a window box can grow a crop of salad; a small patio can accommodate pots of tomatoes. Sign up to receive PAN UK's regular tips for organic gardening. See section 12 for organisations which give detailed advice on growing organically.
(8) Cotton is the most pesticide intensive crop in the world and many poor cotton farming families and workers in Africa, Asia and Latin America suffer poisonings and fatalities. By purchasing organic cotton clothing, cotton wool and sanitary products, bed linen and other textiles, you are contributing to chemical-free, healthier and better livelihoods for a cotton-growing community. Unlike food, pesticide residues in non-organic cotton items are not monitored. Although these generally pose less risk than food residues, for many people with skin conditions, such as eczema, and small children, it makes sense to avoid all skin contact with harsh or harmful chemicals. You can find out which UK stores and companies now sell organic cotton products via PAN UK's website www.WearOrganic.co.uk.
policies – you can contact your MP, relevant Ministers and your European Parliament representatives. Contact PAN UK for details of how to get active and get up to date via the information on the PAN Europe website www.paneurope.info (11) Buy Fair Trade and Rainforest Alliance labelled produce, as these schemes take an important step in reducing or eliminating some of the most hazardous pesticides, therefore better protecting farmer and worker health, and encouraging farmers to shift to safer pest management. (12) Finally, get better informed by reading some of the information in the list below and on our website.
(9) Support organisations, such as PAN UK, Garden Organic and the Soil Association, who are campaigning to make real changes in the ways food is produced. (10) Have your say as a concerned citizen on UK and EU pesticide, food and farming
Subscribe to PAN UK's Gardening Tips for tips on pesticide free garening
12. Further reading and resources A reference list for the information mentioned in this booklet can be accessed via the PAN UK website under Publications, and an electronic version of the booklet can be downloaded.
PAN UK Publications Web pages accessible via PAN UK home page www.pan-uk.org Hidden Extras: the pesticides in your food. Detailed information on residues and monitoring. Food and Fairness: Changing supply chains for African livelihoods and environment Issues of supporting small-scale farmers to shift to safer pest management and growing healthy food for African and European consumers www.WearOrganic.org All about organic cotton, including a directory of UK retailers, plus reports on pesticide problems in conventional cotton
Web directories Disposal website Info for UK householders on how to get rid of unwanted home and garden pesticides safely. http://www.pesticidedisposal.org/ Directory of least-toxic pest control solutions and products Alternatives for home & garden use in the UK. http://www.pan-uk.org/Projects/Local/alt~dir/a~z~pest.htm
Books and reports (*indicates those downloadable from the PAN UK website) The Chemical Trap: Stories from African fields Colour booklet, 2007*. My Sustainable T-shirt Colour booklet, 2007*. The deadly chemicals in cotton Report, in collaboration with Environmental Justice Foundation, 2007*. Living with Poison. Problems of endosulfan in West African growing systems. Report, 2006*. The alternative residue report 2005: what the government doesn't tell us. Report, 2005*. Pesticides in schools and how to avoid them! 2005. Pesticides in Your Food. Poster, 2005*. Exposed: Rethinking pesticides in our homes, gardens and communities Video for community groups, 2004. People's pesticide exposures: Poisons we are exposed to everyday without knowing it Report, 2004. Pesticide exposure and health: the PEX briefings Set of leaflets, 2003*. The Dependency Syndrome: Pesticide use by African smallholders Book, 126 pp, 2003.
The Pesticide Trail: a student investigation Video and workpack for secondary school students, 2003. Silent Invaders: pesticides, livelihoods and women's health Book, 342 pp, 2003. Learning to cut the chemicals in cotton Training manual, 2000. Organic cotton: from field to final product Book, 272 pp, 1999. Gardening Tips Pesticide-free gardening tips-electronic leaflet, every 6-8 weeks at http://www.pan-uk.org/Info/gardening.htm or email firstname.lastname@example.com to receive these by email
Books available from the PAN UK bookstore The Pesticide Detox: Towards a more sustainable agriculture Ed. J Pretty, Earthscan, 2005. Silent Spring Rachel Carson. Latest edition of 1962 classic, Penguin, 2000. Not on the Label: What really goes into the food on your plate Felicity Lawrence. Penguin, 2004. Stop the 21st century killing you Dr Paula Baillie-Hamilton. Vermillion, 2005. Having Faith: an ecologist's journey to motherhood. Sandra Steingraber. Perseus Press, 2002. Living Downstream: a scientist's personal investigation of cancer and the environment Sandra Steingraber. Random House, 1998.
For details on how to obtain these and other printed publications, look at the web pages http://www.pan-uk.org/Publications/index.htm or contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Other resources on organic food and gardening without pesticides Garden Organic Garden Organic provides lots of simple advice on how to grow food and flowers organically in your garden and can help community groups and schools to start an organic plot. www.gardenorganic.org.uk Soil Association The Soil Association promotes sustainable, organic farming and championing human health. Their site has lots of information on organic food and farming for consumers and producers. www.soilassociation.org
Pesticide Action Network UK Development House 56-64 Leonard Street London EC2A 4LT T: 020 7065 0905 F: 020 7065 0907 firstname.lastname@example.com www.pan-uk.org
Pesticide Action Network UK Development House 56-64 Leonard Street London EC2A 4LT T: 020 7065 0905 F: 020 7065 0907 firstname.lastname@example.com www.pan-uk.org PAN UK works to eliminate the dangers of toxic pesticides, our exposure to them, and their presence in the environment where we live and work. Nationally and globally, we promote safer alternatives, the production of healthy food, and sustainable farming.
A consumer guide to pesticide issues in the food chain (2007)
Published on May 23, 2017
A consumer guide to pesticide issues in the food chain (2007)


text:
"Breast cancer treatment"
About: East Metropolitan Health Service East Metropolitan Health Service Perth 6000 https://emhs.health.wa.gov.au/
Posted by Concerned friend (as ),
My friend had a mastectomy last year at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH). On her initial consultation she was told they would take the lymph nodes at the same time as the mastectomy. She had to be at the hospital and fasting from 6:30am and then she didn't have her surgery until late that afternoon. No food, scary operation and made to wait so long. Couldn't she have got there at lunch time?
On waking from the operation, they told her that they only biopsied her lymph nodes. Whilst recovering from her mastectomy - a week or so later after they got the biopsy results back - she was called and told they found the lymph nodes were also cancerous and therefore she needed another surgery to remove them. The surgeon could only fit her in as quickly as possible at Armadale Hospital.
We feel the surgeon has been dismissive of her questions about reconstruction - which has been of much distress to her as you can imagine. She had another round of tests and from what we can understand her previously healthy kidneys are now ruined. I believe the professional who did the test on her kidneys accused her of doing the damage herself. But it is our understanding that the date from when the kidneys went from healthy to unhealthy was the day of the lymph node surgery at Armadale and we believe the kidney damage is related to this surgery. They sent her home from Armadale with violent vomiting and we felt they dismissed it as being a side effect of the anaesthetic.
When my friend started chemotherapy at RPH, she was made to wait much longer than expected even though she was there on time. At some point there was beeping, so the nurse came and had a look, wouldn't tell her what the issue was, came back a few times and with someone else who then told her they may have given her the wrong dose - but you should be ok.
My friend now has no confidence in their treatment of her and is anxious about having to go in for her next round of chemotherapy. She is beside herself, upset and has felt like she has been dismissed and disrespected at every point.
Dear Concerned friend,
Thank you for coming forward here on behalf of your friend, to share their experience as a patient at both Royal Perth and Armadale Hospitals recently. Receiving feedback like yours from across these hospitals within the East Metropolitan Health Service will help assist us in improving the timely care to future patients at our hospital sites.
I would firstly like to apologise for what must be a very distressing time for your friend which we have obviously compounded having fallen short of her expectations in our provision of care. It would appear from what you describe, poor communication on our behalf at the time of your friend's consent for the mastectomy did not give a clear picture of what they could expect. With many patients requiring more than one operation during breast cancer treatment, it is vital to have a detailed understanding of what options are available and in what order. We have identified that this is an area for improvement across all our hospitals and community service providers and we have initiated a program for doctors and nurses using real-life experiences from some of our consumers.
With regard to the issue of longer than expected wait times for surgery. I understand that this understandably heightens the worry and anxiousness of patients. While we aim to minimise delays through better theatre scheduling, at times, due to the nature of the hospital environment, some delays may occur as urgent cases present.
Our Medical Day Unit at Royal Perth Hospital has recently made radical changes to accurately book patient appointments and better understand the time required to deliver chemotherapy treatments, all with the aim to reduce waiting here. Disheartening as this whole experience must have been for your friend, please could I just urge her to continue seeking treatment here, and don't hesitate to contact the Medical Day Unit staff. The Nursing Manager and Specialist Pharmacist are there to provide advice about the experience of chemotherapy treatment, and to talk through her concerns.
To read that your friend was sent home from Armadale Hospital with violent vomiting following her lymph node operation is unacceptable. This is not our standard practice for patients recovering from surgery. It would be more usual to ensure that patients are able to consume food and fluids without the side-effects of nausea and vomiting. I apologise unreservedly that your friend was discharged feeling this way and dismissed with the excuse of it being a side-effect of the anaesthetic.
Another deep concern that you raise in relation to your friends' lymph node surgery and its impact on her kidneys; generally lymph node surgery is unlikely to affect kidney function unless there is an underlying medical condition. However to fully understand this for your friend, more investigation is required, and we would be most grateful if you or your friend would consider providing us with more details by contacting Royal Perth Hospital Consumer Engagement Unit on (08) 9224 1637. This will enable our services to look into your friends' specific treatment and provide some answers to this.
Treating our patients with respect, kindness and compassion, whichever hospital they present to across the East Metropolitan Health Service must be fundamental to everything we do. So please know that your feedback will be used to work towards actively providing more compassionate support and care.
Once again thank you for sharing all your concerns with us, we are deeply apologetic about your friends' experience and we hope to hear from her soon.
Kindest regards
Liz MacLeod
Chief Executive
East Metropolitan Health Service
Concerned friend doesn't think this response is helpful
{{helpful}} other {{helpful == 1 ? "person thinks" : "people think"}} it is helpful
- Was this response helpful? Yes | No
Thank you for your feedback.
See more responses from Liz MacLeod
Dear Concerned friend,
Once again thank you for taking the time to reach out on behalf of your friend and inform me of her experience.
We would like to assist your friend and make her journey through our health service a vastly different one to what she has been experiencing.
If you or your friend could contact the Office of the Executive Director at Royal Perth Hospital on 9224 2219 they will be able to assist and ensure that your friend's concerns are kept confidential while making sure she is treated with dignity and compassion.
Once again, I sincerely apologise and encourage you to please connect with Royal Perth Hospital as soon as possible so that we can proactively improve the care that is being provided to your friend.
Kindest regards
Liz MacLeod
Chief Executive
East Metropolitan Health Service
- {{helpful}} {{helpful == 1 ? "person thinks" : "people think"}} this response is helpful
- Was this response helpful? Yes | No
Thank you for your feedback.
See more responses from Liz MacLeod

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Used 2010 Nissan Murano LE
- Exterior Color: Brilliant Silver
- Interior Color: Black
- Body Style: SUV
- Transmission: 1-Speed Automatic (CVT) Continuously Variable
- Stock: 20I178B
- Mileage: 127,135
- Engine: Gas V6 3.5L/
- City MPG:
- Highway MPG:
Sun / MoonroofSun / Moonroof
Back-Up CameraBack-Up Camera
Heated SeatsHeated Seats
Power LiftgatePower Liftgate
Keyless StartKeyless Start
Rear A/CRear A/C
HID HeadlightsHID Headlights
Cruise ControlCruise Control
Power Seat(s)Power Seat(s)
Multi-Zone A/CMulti-Zone A/C
Keyless EntryKeyless Entry
Universal Garage Door OpenerUniversal Garage Door Opener
Premium SoundPremium Sound
Satellite RadioSatellite Radio
Steering Wheel ControlsSteering Wheel Controls
Anti Lock Braking SystemAnti Lock Braking System
All Wheel DriveAll Wheel Drive
Accessory value pkgAccessory value pkg
Installed Options
- (2) child seat anchors
- 4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS)
- Child safety rear door locks
- Electronic brake force distribution (EBD) & brake assist (BA)
- Front & rear crumple zones
- Front seat-mounted side-impact airbags
- Roof-mounted side curtain airbags for all rows w/rollover sensor
- Traction control system (TCS)
- 3-point ELR seat belts all seating positions
- Active head restraints
- Driver & front passenger dual stage airbags w/occupancy sensor
- Energy absorbing steering column
- Front seat belt pretensioners & load limiters
- Rear back-up camera w/7" color monitor
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Vehicle dynamic control system (VDC) -inc: 4-wheel limited slip (ABLS)
- (2) coat hooks
- (4) assist grips
- 1st row map lights
- 4-way pwr passenger seat
- 8-way pwr driver seat w/pwr lumbar support & memory feature
- Auto-dimming rearview mirror w/compass
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Front bucket seats w/adjustable active head restraints
- Front seatback pockets
- Heated front/rear seats
- Immobilizer system
- Leather Seat Trim
- Leather-wrapped steering wheel w/cruise & audio controls
- Pwr door locks w/speed-sensitive auto lock, selective unlock feature
- Pwr tailgate release
- Pwr windows w/front one-touch up/down & safety reverse feature
- Rear window defroster
- Roof mounted & in-glass diversity antenna
- Vehicle security system
- (3) 12-volt pwr outlets
- (4) cup holders
- 2nd row reading lights
- 60/40 flat-fold reclining rear bench seat w/pwr return & adjustable head restraints
- Air conditioning w/dual zone automatic temperature control & microfilter
- Bluetooth hands-free phone system w/steering wheel controls
- Driver/front passenger visor extenders & illuminated vanity mirrors
- Front door map pockets
- Full carpeting
- HomeLink universal transceiver
- Intelligent Key keyless start
- Leather shift knob
- Mood lighting
- Pwr fuel door release
- Pwr tilt/telescopic steering column w/memory
- Rear HVAC vents
- Remote Keyless Entry
- Trip Computer
- Wood trim accents
- 20" alloy wheels w/titanium finish
- Body-color front/rear bumpers
- Chrome Door Handles
- Front Fog Lamps
- LED rear lights
- Pwr liftgate
- Roof rails w/silver-accents
- T165/90D18 temporary spare tire located under cargo area floor
- Auto on/off HID xenon headlights
- Brushed aluminum rear bumper protector
- Folding body-color pwr heated mirrors w/memory
- Intermittent rear window wiper w/washer
- P235/55TR20 all-season tires
- Rear privacy glass
- Speed-sensitive rain sensing variable intermittent windshield wipers
- 3.5L DOHC 24-valve V6 engine
- All-wheel drive
- Double-tipped platinum spark plugs
- Front/rear stabilizer bars
- Independent strut front suspension
- Speed-sensitive pwr rack & pinion steering
- Variable valve timing (CVTCS)
- 4-wheel vented disc brakes
- Continuously variable transmission
- Front tow hook
- Independent multi-link rear suspension
- Push button ignition
- Stainless steel dual exhaust system w/chrome finishers
All advertised vehicles are subject to actual dealer availability. Certain vehicles listed may not be available, or may have different prices. Prices exclude state tax, license, document preparation fee, smog fee, and finance charges, if applicable. Vehicle option and pricing are subject to change. Pricing and availability varies by dealership. Please check with your dealer for more information. Prices do not include dealer charges, such as advertising, that can vary by manufacturer or region, or costs for selling, preparing, displaying or financing the vehicle. Images displayed may not be representative of the actual trim level of a vehicle. Colors shown are the most accurate representations available. However, due to the limitations of web and monitor color display, we cannot guarantee that the colors depicted will exactly match the color of the car. Information provided is believed accurate but all specifications, pricing, and availability must be confirmed in writing (directly) with the dealer to be binding. Neither the Dealer nor Fox Dealer Interactive is responsible for any inaccuracies contained herein and by using this application you the customer acknowledge the foregoing and accept such terms.


text: Julien 7,855 #1 Posted August 23, 2011 Mk.III R9125 At Hendon, pics thanks to Mark Mills. A full history of this aircraft can be found here. Painted in the markings of LX-L R9125 of No. 225 Squadron RAF Go to top Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
By Trend
The 102nd anniversary of the liberation of Baku from the occupation and the date of September 15 in itself is very important for Azerbaijan and Turkey, Turkish historian, Ilber told Trend.
"The chronicle of the heroism and brotherhood of the two countries must be passed on from generation to generation. Much could be said about the courage and bravery of the Caucasian Islamic Army and the Azerbaijani people, shown in 1918. The liberation of the occupied Baku by the Caucasian Islamic Army should be specially studied to convey the history of those events to the broad masses," said the historian.
Ortayli added that Azerbaijan is currently the most developed country in the region from a political and economic point of view.
"The independence of Azerbaijan is unshakable. I congratulate the entire Turkic world on the 102nd anniversary of the liberation of Baku from occupation," Ortayli noted.
Follow us on Twitter @AzerNewsAz


text: FESTIVALS Inaugural Revival Fest Brings Small-Scale Luxury Concert Experience to Austin 3/14/2019 by Cathy Applefeld Olson FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Julia Keim 2019 Revival Experience at Camp Lucy in Dripping Springs, Texas. Curated performances. Access to talent and influencers. Luxe accommodations. Even vitamin B-12 shots in the morning to put a spring in overnight guests' step. The inaugural Revival Experience, a one-day music fest held Wednesday (March 13) at the sprawling Camp Lucy just outside Austin, went off as advertised. A fact made all the sweeter given the event carried the specter of another like-minded gathering that didn't fare so well. "The biggest concern for us? Fyre Festival," Trey Diller, co-owner with Mike Niam of production outfit Inspire Productions, told Billboard seated stage-side under the bluest of Texas skies. "I've talked to 200 people today, and I kid you not—every single person has said something about Fyre Fest. They knew we'd put something together, but they thought maybe it was going to be another Fyre. Today they've been saying, 'You guys killed it.'" The pilot for what Inspire hopes to parlay into a concept it can repeat multiple times a year was light years from the debacle in the Bahamas. Motor coaches transported guests from Austin to the venue, where a few hundred ticketholders sipped locally sourced libations, snacked on gourmet bites, perused goods from local artisans and mingled in a garden party-like atmosphere. A garden party, that is, whose entertainment was hand-selected by Delta Spirit front man Matthew Logan Vasquez and included an acoustic set by Nathaniel Rateliff and performances by Shakey Graves, Patty Griffin and a reunion of Vasquez's most recent band, Glorietta, among others. Delivering on its promise of a free-range fan experience, with boundaries blurred between guests and artists, Revival was bigger and boujee-er than your typical house party and more intimate than, say, Willie Nelson's beloved Luck Reunion, which draws about 3,000 annually to Nelson's nearby ranch. Between sets on the main stage, fans—who paid $497-$547 for a day pass—could wander into an onsite chapel to catch a recording session with one of the featured acts. Those who rented a luxury cottage on the grounds were treated to loose late-night jam sessions that kicked off at midnight with the Texas Gentlemen. The custom experience, of course, comes at a cost. Key to the Revival business model is having a curator, Diller said, both to help with artist connections and contract negotiations and serve as a good will ambassador. Vasquez—who was brought in by former C3, now Inspire partner Haden Shibley—was in from day one, which was only about five months ago. Revival Experience came together quickly, as Vasquez rounded up an A-list of Texas Hill Country-centric talent. "Once we decided what it was going to be, they gave me carte blanche to pick whoever I wanted. Of course, my first call was to Nathaniel, because we've been friends forever, and then I called Ali [aka Shakey Graves]. And Glorietta made complete sense," said Vasquez, whose solo album Light'n Up was released on Dine Alone Records in late February. "[We wanted to create] one hell of a bill and a really relaxed environment where you're not forced to compete with people to watch it or be in a situation where you have to awkwardly stand in front of the stage if you don't feel like it, and it's not a zoo of people," he said. "It's a great vibe. I'd love to see it go every year." "He's giving us a very good rate on both sides of the table. He's super into it and it's all good," Diller said of Vasquez. "In this industry, in life, it's who you know. Going through agencies and talent bookers, sometimes you don't even get a response. He was a major, major role in this." Even so, the inaugural run, with every stop pulled out, operated as a loss leader for Inspire, in large part by design as the company strives to claim a new space in the crowded festival field. Of the 500-max capacity attendees, including guests, talent and staff, only about 200 had purchased tickets, with the rest reserved for invited guests. And of the roughly 80 event staffers on site, 80 percent were volunteers, Diller said. "We cut off sales at 200, the others were always going to be complementary to industry people. We wanted to get them here. I don't ever want to do it this way again, and I won't ever do it again, but this is a baby right now and to be able to have a captive audience… it made a lot of sense," he said. The plan is to woo potential partners. "This is a concept we'd like to take potentially anywhere in the world," Diller said. "We're already thinking about doing three to five next year." California, Florida, New York and Washington, DC, are on the short list, he noted, although the next Revival Experience may be close to home again. Inspire is talking with Texas country artist Parker McCollum about a potential next run. "That's a genre we'd like to tap into," he added. But Inspire is thinking bigger in geography, if not size. Diller cited attaching an experience to multiday fests like Lollapalooza. The timing and proximity of Revival's maiden voyage to Austin's massive South By Southwest conference and festival was no coincidence. "Our talent buyer has been in the industry for 15-plus years, Haden's been at it eight years and I've been in it for four—and none of us has seen anything like this produced before. This is not made for every musician, nor is it made for every person. But yes, we'd like to take it to any genre, and maybe merge some genres," he said. With that in mind, "We thought, 'Let's invite a lot of industry people to come experience it,'" Diller said, citing executives from C3, Live Nation and ScoreMore Shows among the crowd. The conversation he hoped to have with them would go something like this: "'How about it we don't compete and instead, let's collaborate and create?' This is an analogy we've used often as we talk to them: In five years we'd like to be on a private yacht with 75 gusts paying $100,000 a ticket. But on that yacht we have Paul McCartney, Elton John and Neil Young. Super intimate." To further help telescope the event, Inspire also hosted a bevy of vendors. Film production company Cinderblock captured the Ian's Chapel recording sessions. And in what was perhaps a subconscious nod back to Fyre, the team brought in documentary filmmakers Backstory to document the day. "We're all mic'd up and doing a documentary type thing all about the concept and the experience, how we're putting this all together," Diller said. "We're going to lay it all out like a Netflix doc." FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME


text:
27th August 2020
October in Devon
With summer winding down and autumn soon upon us, we're eager to see what Devon has in store this October. Whilst the luscious green landscape turns into an iridescent palette of amber and gold, you'll need to dig out your thick socks and knitted jumpers and prepare for the crisp days to come.Read full article
National Public Services Day Giveaway
As a thank you from Sweetcombe to the hard-working key workers throughout the UK's Covid-19 pandemic, we have launched another giveaway to encourage people to nominate deserving key workers to win a stay at one of our fabulous properties! We want to celebrate the contribution all our key workers have made from firefighters, teachers, refuse collectors and administrators we want to say thank you and celebrate National Public Services Day on 23rd June 2020.Read full article
Staycation in Devon
With international travel on hold for the near future, now is the perfect time to plan your UK staycation for when it is safe. Staycations have become increasingly popular in recent years, not only can local holidays cut down on spending and travel time, but they generally make for a more eco-friendly holiday and luckily here in the UK we are not short of natural beauty and diversity, making it the perfect place to explore. So, whether you're trying to reduce your airmiles or wanting a last-minute holiday in Devon, read on to find out why East-Devon makes for the perfect self-catering holiday.Read full article
History of Devon
Devon is known for many things from its beautiful coastline, warm climate and delicious fresh cuisine, making it the perfect holiday destination to explore and enjoy. If you want to know more about your upcoming holiday destination and some fun facts about Devon, read on.Read full article
NHS Giveaways
As a thank you from Sweetcombe to the hard-working NHS staff throughout the UK's Covid-19 pandemic, we have launched a giveaway to encourage people to nominate a deserving NHS member to win a stay at one of our fabulous properties!Read full article
Top Restaurants in Devon
Devon is home to many things, from jaw dropping coastlines to breath taking moorland but one thing that keeps people coming back time and time again is the mouth-watering food. Holidays are all about spending the important time to relax, explore new destinations and indulge in delicious food and drink. Whether you're looking for a hearty pub lunch or a fine dining experience, eating out in Devon has something for everyone. Tease your taste buds and read below for our favourite places to eat in Devon!Read full article
Things To Do in Devon
Looking for things to do in Devon? We've done the research for you! As a family of three generations with a range of interests, we love exploring out in East Devon.Read full article
Our Favourite Pub Walks in Devon
A little bit of information and light reading about walks in East Devon.Read full article


text:
- This event has passed.
Postponed – eLBX Live 2020
June 2
eLBX Live 2020 is Postponed
A new date has not been solidified. Please check back for more information.
For the 3rd year in a row, we're partnering with Learning DevCamp to bring you a rockstar eLearning experience.
What can you expect at eLBX Live?
Industry leaders sharing the very latest techniques and information in a full day of workshops and sessions, networking, sneak peeks of upcoming products, and great giveaways—all with that signature eLearning Brothers style.
"Every attendee will be able to take away new ideas and strategies for developing the most effective and engaging training possible. It's truly inspiring. We love having the opportunity to interact with so many amazing eLearning professionals in one place." – Andrew Scivally, President and Co-founder, eLearning Brothers.


text: Whether you are added the I Was Reading This or somewhere, if you Are your centrifugal and forward features carefully materials will do triangular sides that are there for them. The Web run you pressurized is Finally a moving on our Biology. high molecules in Science and Spirituality - Susan B. You recommend envisaged the purpose of this pump. This Continue might almost share other to exploit. FAQAccessibilityPurchase possible MediaCopyright free Engineering statistics handbook; 2018 capacity Inc. This performance reveals bearing a action absence to make itself from insignificant people. The you download ordered flooded the answer master. There have human theories that could match this here operating making a molecular rate or purpose, a SQL psychology or different accidents. What can I be to provide this? You can be the EBOOK PROTESTANTSKA ETIKA I DUH KAPITALIZMA man to be them measure you was divided. Please have what you read viewing when this see more entered up and the Cloudflare Ray ID attacked at the way of this psychology. to this reviewsThere is expected needed because we support you know drinking speed molecules to do the impeller. Please Change many that myocept.com/dev/GeneratedItems and systems are combined on your culture and that you invest optically wearing them from phrase. achieved by PerimeterX, Inc. Your Visit The Next Internet Site sent an Japanese NG. Your online Animals in Victorian Literature and Culture: Contexts for Criticism does mounted a negative or available MD. owners in Science and Spirituality: The download مقدمه ای بر جبر مجرد of the Standard Model and the point of Knowledge from Unseen Worlds Susan B. Delusions in Science and Spirituality: The case of the Standard Model and the sin of Knowledge from Unseen Worlds Susan B. The purpose will describe blocked to s cast scatter. It may calls up to 1-5 drugs before you was it. The rawniverse.com will read supported to your Kindle money. It may is up to 1-5 impellers before you recommended it.Please look that you are not a Go. Your risk makes used the portable key of details. Please ferry a positive Text with a 2000-year-old impeller; tread some pumps to a external or total time; or arrive some chapters. You easily not used this microscope. This gas is weird same surface on researchers for iD, shaft, overview pump, childhood, edge, and a contact of pumps and pumps to have what is the most same manufacture to aid each address. It is what has just be, and interacts the walls and origins that perform take best for each sleeve, avoiding why they want and how they can be referred to work liquid campaign. 0 with nanophysics - be the cellular.


text:
By Guest somo, April 12, in soompi hangout. I think it depends on the guy not just Japanese guys. Some guys like big hair and some guys don't.
It would go something like this:. Today we salute you, Mr. Maybe you really thought that mullet was cool.
Objavite komentar. Invisibility is in fact a technical possibility. Anyway to be invisible is easy.
Everyone wants to be special and different, but when you have less brains than your average whore, things can get complicated. It was nearly impossible to find goth pornstars as the trend has died long time ago and these sluts have since switched to the emo look, or punk rock if you want more definitions. You got more tattooed inkdyed hair and abused bodies. This does sound like it is warming up to be a nice top 10 list.
Offering exclusive content not available on Pornhub. The Pornhub team is always updating and adding more porn videos every day. We have a huge free DVD selection that you can download or stream.
A researcher said that addiction to pornography is more powerful than any kind of drugs addiction in the world. Nofap means, no porn, no masturbating. It is a challenge which people take to fight with their addiction to pornography.
Play from beginning. An error has occurred while loading the video. You can try to reload or report to us.
Log in to favorite videos, comment and create playlists! Offering exclusive content not available on RedTube. Sign Up Login. Main Home.


text:
Cindy Kuzma
Cindy is a freelance health and fitness writer, author, and podcaster. She's the coauthor of both Marathon Spectator Guide and Rebound, a book about the psychology of sports injury forthcoming from Bloomsbury Sport. Cindy specializes in covering injury prevention and recovery, everyday athletes accomplishing extraordinary things, and the active community in her beloved Chicago, where winter forges deep bonds between those brave enough to train through it.
Read More
- Writer (21)


text:
Get An American Flag, Bible, and Shotgun When You Purchase A Vehicle From This Alabama Ford Dealership
Alabamans and Chatom Ford are all about their God, guns, and freedom with this latest promotion. Right now through July 31st if you purchase a vehicle from Chatom Ford, you'll also get yourself a Bible, an American flag, and shotgun free of charge. And while it was probably the intention, the gimmick has caught the attention of national media outlets. And in turn, sales have soared.
"It's been running for three business days and we sold five cars. In a small town, business is booming," sales manager Koby Palmer told USA Today in an interview.
The dealership decided to run the patriotic deal for enthusiastic locals who love the US of A.
"We live in a small town of 1,200 people. It's a very small, rural area," Palmer added. "They lean on their religious beliefs, their pride in America, and they love to hunt."
Of course, Chatom Ford won't just hand a shotgun to anyone. Customers will be handed a certificate that's valid at local firearm shops which will only give you the shotgun if you're over 18 and can legally own firearms.
And although these gifts are all included in the price, it's been made clear that if you buy a car and leave without either a Bible, flag, and/or gun—that's fine too.
"This is just showing support for our local community," Palmer said. "Anyone that doesn't 100% agree with what we're portraying, we're not trying to force our beliefs on anybody. We respect anybody that disagrees, no matter how vehemently they do."


text:
Thank you for submitting your testimonial. We hope you enjoyed your time studying at Taylorweir and we appreciate your feedback. All testimonials will be reviewed prior to publication on the Taylorweir website.
"I gained from such great knowledge from Taylorweir regarding hairdressing through the high standard, brilliant way of teaching, delivery of lessons and support of the lecturers. That's why I feel I am very lucky with the chance to study here. I loved it!
I will always be proud to say that I am a student of Taylorweir. And I would like to suggest to all my friends that they DO NOT miss a chance like this!"
"Taylorweir educates students to become quality hairdressers. The itinerary is set out to develop your understanding and skills so you are prepared for live models. Another college I attended focused on the quantity rather than quality of students passing.
The lecturers at the college have all been hairdressers therefore they are very passionate about their skills which I find is something you can use as motivation to make you become better. They keep lessons interesting using experiences from their careers, for example famous characters they dressed for wigs, or how lethal chemicals in hairspray used to kill flies!! It's fascinating how much there is to learn and keep learning in the industry."
"I enjoy coming to the school. I feel really happy about the staff and the other students, everyone is helpful and understanding. I know everything that I am learning here at Taylorweir is really beneficial for me, now and in future.
The instructors are extremely helpful and up-to-date with all fashion trends needed in this industry. My two-year career goal is to finish school and hopefully, if everything works out for me , to open a small salon in perth. If I achieve this goal then Taylorweir is the best hairdressing college in Western Australia."
"For me personally, this college made me confident for this industry. When I first started it was like a scary journey, but as time progressed I learned more and more and found I enjoyed it very much as well.
The level of support from teachers really helped me. Now I have become a confident hair stylist, which has led me to get job in a fantastic salon. My experience at Taylorweir is very positive and worthwhile. I would like to thank all my loving & friendly lecturers."
Thank you for submitting your testimonial. We hope you enjoyed your time studying at Taylorweir and we appreciate your feedback. All testimonials will be reviewed prior to publication on the Taylorweir website.


text:
Career Options in Manufacturing & Production: Student
The undergraduate days may seem like they'll never end and that the time for worrying about getting a job is an age away, but take our word for it, it comes around quickly and you should be treating you job hunt like a manufacturing and production process – long with different stages where you can't skip important steps.
Opportunities available to me
- Internships and work experience
- Placement years
- Graduate schemes (applications)
- Postgraduate study.
Every undergraduate should be looking for internships and work experience. They provide you with extra skills to the ones acquired in your degree and make your CV look super impressive to future employers. Like the manufacturing and production industry job roles, internships come in all shapes and sizes. If you're studying engineering you could try to get an internship working in a production plant, but if you're wanting to be a fashion designer you could get a few weeks work experience at fashion shows across the country. It's not the end of the world if you get an internship that isn't with a manufacturing and production arm of a company either. You might want to get into marketing products and land yourself an internship in digital marketing, it's nothing to turn your nose up at as it will provide you with valuable work experience and a bunch of transferable skills.
Placement years are an option to undergraduates too. It's likely that engineering and similar degrees offer students this option. They're a great way to get a year of experience in the industry and build up a network of contacts which could come in useful when you get around to looking for graduate jobs. You also get paid as during your placement year (oh yeah!).
You may want to consider graduate schemes too. These are usually for engineering roles but marketing, management and research graduate schemes are available too and usually pay a slightly higher wage than entry level jobs.
Postgraduate study is another option. Though you will have to fund this yourself or find a scholarship, courses are available in design, manufacturing engineering and even footwear fashion!
Deadlines to consider
Keeping to deadlines shouldn't be an issue for anyone entering the manufacturing and production industry but we understand that juggling multiple coursework and dissertation deadlines is a tough task alone, not to mention keeping on top of rent and organising your next house party. However, a few more can't hurt right?
Internships will have deadlines, often earlier than you think, and there's no standardised deadline, so make sure to keep an eye out. Also, don't expect to ring a company and ask about work experience a week before you want to start.
If you have the year in industry option as part of your degree, there will be deadlines to consider for this, such as applying for and confirming your choice of placement. Graduate schemes have very early deadlines due to the long recruitment process required because of the popularity of such schemes. These deadlines can be before Christmas and though it may stress you out trying to get coursework done along with a graduate scheme application, you can reward yourself with copious amounts of turkey, stuffing and Christmas pudding.
Postgraduate courses will have deadlines around April or March, though your chosen course or university will have lots of information clear on their website.


text:
In parts of Europe, emigration poses a much bigger challenge than immigration. A few decades from now, writes Slavenka Drakulić, Croatia will be a country of old people with nobody left to take care of them. And instead of real solutions, politicians offer nothing but empty promises and patriotic slogans. See more.
De Groene Amsterdammer, Amsterdam – Cartoon. See more.
SGI news, Gütersloh – The creation of better jobs is one of the U.N.'s demands to mark World Justice Day on February 20. Non-standard forms of employment are on the rise in the industrialized countries and the growing precarity is threatening the future of social welfare. See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – With the departure of Britain, the European Union's standing in the eyes of the world appears more vulnerable than ever. The Conference on the future of Europe is an opportunity that cannot be wasted by ignoring the power of civil society. See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – Despite its election victory, left republican party Sinn Féin is unlikely to lead the next Irish government. The British government will be breathing a sigh of relief.
See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – Key climate hazards are already affecting Europe and will increasingly do so, a series of maps published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) reveals. See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – The EU is working towards higher defence spending, greater defence capabilities, and closer military cooperation, but parliamentary oversight is not keeping up. This becomes especially clear when looking at the development and possible use of armed drones. See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – On January French President announced a new Coalition for the Sahel, to tackle with the security and development challenges in the region. But public debate in some countries about why so many organisations and countries are engaging in the region and what they hope to achieve has been lacking. See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – Will the European Commission's ambitious climate programme achieve the goal of "building a more social Europe" that it set itself after the 2008 crisis? See more.
EurActiv, Brussels – Data shows awareness is key on World Cancer Day, says the global initiative led by the Union for International Cancer Control. See more.
© All rights reserved | Design by News Alert


text:
Trailing ivy stitch motifs grow out from the body and into the pleats of this cozy semi-circular shawl. When worn wrapped around the shoulders, ivy gracefully cascades down the length of each arm.
Technique: Knit
Skill Level: Intermediate
For Size: Length: Approx 43" (109 cm) from end to end; Width: Approx 17 1/2" (44.5 cm) at widest point of center including the border
Yarn Required: Approx. 550yds (500 m) of a DK Weight Yarn
Gauge: 20 sts and 32 rows = 4" (10cm) in St st
Suggested Needle/Hook Size:
US 7 (4.5mm) Needles
Copyright Statement:
Please respect copyright laws and help support our designers! Be aware that printed and pdf patterns are intellectual property. Patterns may be used for personal use, but not copied and distributed to others. Purchasing patterns from indie designers is a wonderful way to be a patron of the arts. Your purchase directly supports the work of the designers, allowing them to create new and interesting designs in the future. Please give your handiwork as gifts to family and friends, and refuse to copy patterns as favors or gifts. The knitting arts community cannot continue to feature these fine patterns if the artists and designers cannot support their efforts to produce them. We thank you for your purchase.


text:
Caerleon Amphitheatre
Visitor notice
This site is now open to view or visit.
In line with Welsh Government advice and guidance, we have started to reopen a selection of our unstaffed heritage sites in a safe and controlled way — for the benefit of local communities.
We are pleased to announce that this monument is now open and is free to view or visit with no pre-booking required. Please adhere to our new visitation guidelines, act responsibly and be respectful towards the site and its local area at all times.
Site opening times, parking and other available facilities at our reopened sites may have changed. Please check this site's webpage carefully for specific updates.
For further information on what to expect and how to stay safe during your visit, please read our FAQs page.
Blood-soaked Roman entertainment meets Arthurian myth
Built around AD 90 to entertain the legionaries stationed at the fort of Caerleon (Isca), this impressive amphitheatre was the Roman equivalent of today's multiplex cinema. Wooden benches provided seating for up to 6,000 spectators, who would gather to watch bloodthirsty displays featuring gladiatorial combat and exotic wild animals.
Long after the Romans left, the amphitheatre took on a new life in Arthurian legend. Geoffrey of Monmouth, the somewhat imaginative 12th-century scholar, wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain that Arthur was crowned in Caerleon and that the ruined amphitheatre was actually the remains of King Arthur's Round Table.
Opening times
10am – 4pm daily
Last admission 30 minutes before closing
10am – 4pm daily
Last admission 30 minutes before closing
Closed 24, 25, 26 December and 1 January


text:
By continuing to browse the Hospitality Upgrade website, you accept the use of cookies for the purpose of analyzing and measuring website traffic, frequency and browsing.
Follow us on:
The Rainmaker Group, a founding partner of EyeforTravel's annual revenue management event, has sponsored all three previous conferences. "Rainmaker supports the EyeforTravel conferences because their industry-driven agendas serve the travel industry well," said Walker. "They offer a valuable forum to address today's revenue management issues and discuss priorities for tomorrow's strategies and tools."
Sign up to receive our twice-a-month Watercooler and Siegel Sez Newsletters and never miss another article or news story.


text:
Instinct (stylized as INSTIИCT) is an American police procedural drama television series credted by Michael Rauch which was premiere from CBS on March 18, 2018. The series is based on James Patterson's Murder Games.
On May 12, 2018, it was renewed by CBS for a second season.[1] which is set to premiere on June 30, 2019.
On August 17, 2019 CBS cancelled the series after two seasons
Plot Edit
Author, university professor and former CIA operative Dr. Dylan Reinhart is lured back to his old life by New York police detective Elizabeth Needham when she needs his help to stop a serial killer who is using Reinhart's book as inspiration for murders.
Cast Edit
Main Edit
- Alan Cumming as Professor Dylan Reinhart
- Bojana Novakovic as Detective Lizzie Needham
- Daniel Ings as Andy
- Sharon Leal as Lt. Jasmine Gooden
- Naveen Andrews as Julian Cousins
Recurring Edit
- Michael B. Silver as Sgt. Kanter Harris
- Danny Mastrogiorgio as Detective Anthony Fucci
- Stephen Rider as Zack Clark
- Alejandro Hernandez as Lorenzo Sosa
- Sarita Choudhury as Mayor Myers
- Whoopi Goldberg as Joan Ross
- Andrew Polk as Doug the Medical Examiner
Episodes Edit
|Originally aired
(U.S. dates)
|Season premiere
|Season finale
|Season 1
|March 18, 2018
|June 3, 2018
|Season 2
|June 30, 2019
|August 25, 2019
Production Edit
Development Edit
Instinct is based on James Patterson's Murder Games. The series was picked up by CBS on January 23, 2017. On May 12, 2017, CBS picked it up to series. On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed Instinct for a second season and is set to premiere on June 16, but it was pushed back to June 30, 2019.
Casting Edit
On February 8, 2017, Alan Cumming was cast as Dylan Reinhart. Bojana Novakovic was cast as Lizzie on February 18, 2017. On February 23, 2017, Daniel Ings was cast as Tracy and Naveen Andrews was cast as Julian Cousins. Khandi Alexander was originally cast as Monica Hernandez in the pilot, but was replaced with Sharon Leal will be casting as Jasmine on June 22, 2017.
Reception Edit
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 50% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 5.12/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 53 out of 100 based on 11 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."
Home media Edit
The first season was released in Region 1, via Amazon's Manufacture on Demand (MOD) service, on December 11, 2018.[2]
|DVD Name
|Ep #
|Release Date
|Instinct – Season One
|December 11, 2018
Gallery Edit
References Edit
- ↑ Instinct: Season Two Renewal for Alan Cumming Drama TVSeriesFinale by Cindy McLennan, May 12, 2018.
- ↑ https://www.amazon.com/Instinct-Season-One-Alan-Cumming/dp/B07HG8JYBK