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This first one he introduces himself with a bit from The Year Before the Flood -- Xeni wants him to blog about issues, etc. in the book -- but he plans to do other things as well.
This first one will inclue a link of him reading. Later in the day he'll do another entry which will be photos.
He's thinking of doing perhaps, 3 shorter ones, each day.
Probably he'll also roll out Postmamboism to this larger audience.
We'll see.
At the moment he's having a meeting about bringing los Muñequitos back to the U.S. for a tour, and a meeting about making Postmamboism t-shirts. Very soon the Postmambo Wiki has to go up.
Monday, December 7, 2009
BoingBoing Guest Blogging By Vaquero Begins Today
Labels: BoingBoing, Postmamboism
1 comment:
- K. said...
Do you have a link?
- December 7, 2009 at 9:36 PM
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subset: commoncrawl


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On this day in Buzzer Blog history: October 30, 2009 plus a fun poll!
Welcome back to On this day in Buzzer Blog history, a look back at the way things were. Today's post takes us back to a Friday fun post where we asked if you've ever forgotten to buy a FareCard at month's end — then boarded transit without valid fare?


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The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of the British Mandate. On 29 November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted the Plan as Resolution 181(II).
The resolution recommended the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and a Special International Regime for the city of Jerusalem. The Partition Plan, a four-part document attached to the resolution, provided for the termination of the Mandate, the progressive withdrawal of British armed forces and the delineation of boundaries between the two States and Jerusalem. Part I of the Plan stipulated that the Mandate would be terminated as soon as possible and the United Kingdom would withdraw no later than 1 August 1948. The new states would come into existence two months after the withdrawal, but no later than 1 October 1948. The Plan sought to address the conflicting objectives and claims of two competing movements, Palestinian nationalism and Jewish nationalism, or Zionism. The Plan also called for Economic Union between the proposed states, and for the protection of religious and minority rights.
The Plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine, despite its perceived limitations. Arab leaders and governments rejected it and indicated an unwillingness to accept any form of territorial division, arguing that it violated the principles of national self-determination in the UN Charter which granted people the right to decide their own destiny.
Immediately after adoption of the Resolution by the General Assembly, a civil war broke out and the plan was not implemented.
The British administration was formalized by the League of Nations under the Palestine Mandate in 1923, as part of the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. The Mandate reaffirmed the 1917 British commitment to the Balfour Declaration, for the establishment in Palestine of a "National Home" for the Jewish people, with the prerogative to carry it out. A British census of 1918 estimated 700,000 Arabs and 56,000 Jews.
In 1937, following a six-month-long Arab General Strike and armed insurrection which aimed to pursue national independence and secure the country from foreign control, the British established the Peel Commission. The Commission concluded that the Mandate had become unworkable, and recommended Partition into an Arab state linked to Transjordan; a small Jewish state; and a mandatory zone. To address problems arising from the presence of national minorities in each area, it suggested a land and population transfer involving the transfer of some 225,000 Arabs living in the envisaged Jewish state and 1,250 Jews living in a future Arab state, a measure deemed compulsory "in the last resort". To address any economic problems, the Plan proposed avoiding interfering with Jewish immigration, since any interference would be liable to produce an "economic crisis", most of Palestine's wealth coming from the Jewish community. To solve the predicted annual budget deficit of the Arab State and reduction in public services due to loss of tax from the Jewish state, it was proposed that the Jewish state pay an annual subsidy to the Arab state and take on half of the latter's deficit. The Palestinian Arab leadership rejected partition as unacceptable, given the inequality in the proposed population exchange and the transfer of one-third of Palestine, including most of its best agricultural land, to recent immigrants. The Jewish leaders, Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion, persuaded the Zionist Congress to lend provisional approval to the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiations. In a letter to his son in October 1937, Ben-Gurion explained that partition would be a first step to "possession of the land as a whole". The same sentiment, that acceptance of partition was a temporary measure beyond which the Palestine would be "redeemed . . in its entirety," was recorded by Ben-Gurion on other occasions, such as at a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938, as well as by Chaim Weizmann.
The British Woodhead Commission was set up to examine the practicality of partition. The Peel plan was rejected and two possible alternatives were considered. In 1938 the British government issued a policy statement declaring that "the political, administrative and financial difficulties involved in the proposal to create independent Arab and Jewish States inside Palestine are so great that this solution of the problem is impracticable". Representatives of Arabs and Jews were invited to London for the St. James Conference, which proved unsuccessful.
With World War II looming, British policies were influenced by a desire to win Arab world support and could ill afford to engage with another Arab uprising. The MacDonald White Paper of May 1939 declared that it was "not part of [the British government's] policy that Palestine should become a Jewish State", sought to limit Jewish immigration to Palestine and restricted Arab land sales to Jews. However, the League of Nations commission held that the White Paper was in conflict with the terms of the Mandate as put forth in the past. The outbreak of the Second World War suspended any further deliberations. The Jewish Agency hoped to persuade the British to restore Jewish immigration rights, and cooperated with the British in the war against Fascism. Aliyah Bet was organized to spirit Jews out of Nazi controlled Europe, despite the British prohibitions. The White Paper also led to the formation of Lehi, a small Jewish organization which opposed the British.
After World War II, in August 1945 President Truman asked for the admission of 100,000 Holocaust survivors into Palestine but the British maintained limits on Jewish immigration in line with the 1939 White Paper. The Jewish community rejected the restriction on immigration and organized an armed resistance. These actions and United States pressure to end the anti-immigration policy led to the establishment of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. In April 1946, the Committee reached a unanimous decision for the immediate admission of 100,000 Jewish refugees from Europe into Palestine, rescission of the white paper restrictions of land sale to Jews, that the country be neither Arab nor Jewish, and the extension of U.N. Trusteeship. U.S. endorsed the Commission findings concerning Jewish immigration and land purchase restrictions, while U.K. conditioned their implementation on U.S. assistance in case of another Arab revolt. In effect the British continued to carry out its White Paper policy. The recommendations triggered violent demonstrations in the Arab states, and calls for a Jihad and an annihilation of all European Jews in Palestine.
League of Nations A-class mandatory territories were to revert to sovereign states on their termination, and after WW2, this is what occurred with the exception of Palestine. In February 1947, Britain announced its intent to terminate the Mandate for Palestine, referring the matter of the future of Palestine to the United Nations. The hope was that a binational state would ensue, which meant an unpartitioned Palestine. Ernest Bevin's policy was premised on the idea that an Arab majority would carry the day, which met difficulties with Harry Truman who, sensitive to Zionist electoral pressures in the United States, pressed for a British-Zionist compromise. In May, the UN formed a Special Committee (UNSCOP) to prepare a report on recommendations for Palestine. The Jewish Agency pressed for Jewish representation and the exclusion of both Britain and Arab countries on the Committee, sought visits to camps where Holocaust survivors were interned in Europe as part of UNSCOP's brief, and in May won representation on the Political Committee. The Arab states, convinced statehood had been subverted, and that the transition of authority from the League of Nations to the UN was questionable in law, wished the issues to be brought before an International Court, and refused to collaborate with UNSCOP, which had extended an invitation for liaison also to the Arab Higher Committee. In August, after three months of conducting hearings and a general survey of the situation in Palestine, a majority report of the committee recommended that the region be partitioned into an Arab and a Jewish state, which should retain an economic union. An international regime was envisioned for Jerusalem.
The Arab delegations at the UN had sought to keep separate the issue of Palestine from the issue of Jewish refugees in Europe. During their visit, UNSCOP members were shocked by the extent of Lehi and Irgun violence, then at its apogee, and by the elaborate military presence attested by endemic barb-wire, searchlights, and armoured-car patrols. Committee members also witnessed the SS Exodus affair in Haifa and could hardly have remained unaffected by it. On concluding their mission, they dispatched a subcommittee to investigate Jewish refugee camps in Europe. The incident is mentioned in the report in relation to Jewish distrust and resentment concerning the British enforcement of the White Paper 1939.
On 3 September 1947, the Committee reported to the General Assembly.CHAPTER V: PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS (I), Section A of the Report contained eleven proposed recommendations (I - XI) approved unanimously. Section B contained one proposed recommendation approved by a substantial majority dealing with the Jewish problem in general (XI). CHAPTER VI: PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS (II) contained a Plan of Partition with Economic Union to which seven members of the Committee (Canada, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, the Netherlands, Peru, Sweden and Uruguay), expressed themselves in favour. CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATIONS (III)' contained a comprehensive proposal that was voted upon and supported by three members (India, Iran, and Yugoslavia) for a Federal State of Palestine. Australia abstained. In CHAPTER VIII a number of members of the Committee expressed certain reservations and observations.
The report of the majority of the Committee (CHAPTER VI) envisaged the division of Palestine into three parts: an Arab State, a Jewish State and the City of Jerusalem, linked by extraterritorial crossroads. The proposed Arab State would include the central and part of western Galilee, with the town of Acre, the hill country of Samaria and Judea, an enclave at Jaffa, and the southern coast stretching from north of Isdud (now Ashdod) and encompassing what is now the Gaza Strip, with a section of desert along the Egyptian border. The proposed Jewish State would include the fertile Eastern Galilee, the Coastal Plain, stretching from Haifa to Rehovot and most of the Negev desert, including the southern outpost of Umm Rashrash (now Eilat). The Jerusalem Corpus Separatum included Bethlehem and the surrounding areas.
The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups. The Plan tried its best to accommodate as many Jews as possible into the Jewish State. In many specific cases, this meant including areas of Arab majority (but with a significant Jewish minority) in the Jewish state. Thus the Jewish State would have an overall large Arab minority. Areas that were sparsely populated (like the Negev desert), were also included in the Jewish state to create room for immigration. According to the plan, Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state.
By virtue of Chapter 3, Palestinian citizens residing in Palestine outside the City of Jerusalem, as well as Arabs and Jews who, not holding Palestinian citizenship, resided in Palestine outside the City of Jerusalem would, upon the recognition of independence, become citizens of the State in which they were resident and enjoy full civil and political rights.
The Plan would have had the following demographics (data based on 1945).
The land allocated to the Arab State in the final plan included about 43% of Mandatory Palestine and consisted of all of the highlands, except for Jerusalem, plus one-third of the coastline. The highlands contain the major aquifers of Palestine, which supplied water to the coastal cities of central Palestine, including Tel Aviv. The Jewish State was to receive 56% of Mandatory Palestine, a slightly larger area to accommodate the increasing numbers of Jews who would immigrate there. The Jewish State included three fertile lowland plains – the Sharon on the coast, the Jezreel Valley and the upper Jordan Valley. The bulk of the proposed Jewish State's territory, however, consisted of the Negev Desert. The desert was not suitable for agriculture, nor for urban development at that time. The Jewish State would also be given sole access to the Red Sea.
The committee voted for the plan, 25 to 13 (with 17 abstentions) on 25 November 1947 and the General Assembly was called back into a special session to vote on the proposal. Various sources noted that this was one vote short of the two-thirds majority required in the General Assembly.
On 23 September 1947 the General Assembly established an ad hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question to consider the UNSCOP report. Representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and Jewish Agency were invited and attended.
During the committee's deliberations, the British government endorsed the report's recommendations concerning the end of the mandate, independence, and Jewish immigration. However, the British did "not feel able to implement" any agreement unless it was acceptable to both the Arabs and the Jews, and asked that the General Assembly provide an alternative implementing authority if that proved to be the case.
The Arab Higher Committee rejected both the majority and minority recommendations within the UNSCOP report. They "concluded from a survey of Palestine history that Zionist claims to that country had no legal or moral basis". The Arab Higher Committee argued that only an Arab State in the whole of Palestine would be consistent with the UN Charter.
The Jewish Agency expressed support for most of the UNSCOP recommendations, but emphasized the "intense urge" of the overwhelming majority of Jewish displaced persons to proceed to Palestine. The Jewish Agency criticized the proposed boundaries, especially in the Western Galilee and Western Jerusalem (outside of the old city), arguing that these should be included in the Jewish state. However, they agreed to accept the plan if "it would make possible the immediate re-establishment of the Jewish State with sovereign control of its own immigration."
Arab states requested representation on the UN ad hoc subcommittees of October 1947, but were excluded from Subcommittee One, which had been delegated the specific task of studying and, if thought necessary, modifying the boundaries of the proposed Partition.
The Sub-Committee 2, set up on 23 October 1947 to draw up a detailed plan based on proposals of Arab states presented its report within a few weeks.
Based on a reproduced British report, the Sub-Committee 2 criticised the UNSCOP report for using inaccurate population figures, especially concerning the Bedouin population. The British report, dated 1 November 1947, used the results of a new census in Beersheba in 1946 with additional use of aerial photographs, and an estimate of the population in other districts. It found that the size of the Bedouin population was greatly understated in former enumerations. In Beersheba, 3,389 Bedouin houses and 8,722 tents were counted. The total Bedouin population was estimated at approximately 127,000; only 22,000 of them normally resident in the Arab state under the UNSCOP majority plan. The British report stated:
"It should be noted that the term Beersheba Bedouin has a meaning more definite than one would expect in the case of a nomad population. These tribes, wherever they are found in Palestine, will always describe themselves as Beersheba tribes. Their attachment to the area arises from their land rights there and their historic association with it."
In respect of the UNSCOP report, the Sub-Committee concluded that the earlier population ″estimates must, however, be corrected in the light of the information furnished to the Sub-Committee by the representative of the United Kingdom regarding the Bedouin population. According to the statement, 22,000 Bedouins may be taken as normally residing in the areas allocated to the Arab State under the UNSCOP's majority plan, and the balance of 105,000 as resident in the proposed Jewish State. It will thus be seen that the proposed Jewish State will contain a total population of 1,008,800, consisting of 509,780 Arabs and 499,020 Jews. In other words, at the outset, the Arabs will have a majority in the proposed Jewish State.″
The Sub-Committee 2 recommended to put the question of the Partition Plan before the International Court of Justice (Resolution No. I ). In respect of the Jewish refugees due to World War II, the Sub-Committee recommended to request the countries of which the refugees belonged to take them back as much as possible (Resolution No. II). The Sub-Committee proposed to establish a unitary state (Resolution No. III).
The ad hoc committee made a number of boundary changes to the UNSCOP recommendations before they were voted on by the General Assembly.
The predominantly Arab city of Jaffa, previously located within the Jewish state, was constituted as an enclave of the Arab State. The boundary of the Arab state was modified to include Beersheba and a strip of the Negev desert along the Egyptian border, while a section of the Dead Sea shore and other additions were made to the Jewish State. This move increased the Jewish percentage in the Jewish state from 55% to 61%.
The proposed boundaries would also have placed 54 Arab villages on the opposite side of the border from their farm land. In response, the United Nations Palestine Commission was empowered to modify the boundaries "in such a way that village areas as a rule will not be divided by state boundaries unless pressing reasons make that necessary". These modifications never occurred.
Passage of the resolution required a two-thirds majority of the valid votes, not counting abstaining and absent members, of the UN's then 56 member states. On 26 November, after filibustering by the Zionist delegation, the vote was postponed by three days. According to multiple sources, had the vote been held on the original set date, it would have received a majority, but less than the required two-thirds. Various compromise proposals and variations on a single state, including federations and cantonal systems were debated (including those previously rejected in committee). The delay was used by supporters of Zionism in New York to put extra pressure on states not supporting the resolution.
Zionists launched an intense White House lobby to have the UNSCOP plan endorsed, and the effects were not trivial. The Democratic Party, a large part of whose contributions came from Jews, informed Truman that failure to live up to promises to support the Jews in Palestine would constitute a danger to the party. The defection of Jewish votes in congressional elections in 1946 had contributed to electoral losses. Truman was, according to Roger Cohen, embittered by feelings of being a hostage to the lobby and its 'unwarranted interference', which he blamed for the contemporary impasse. When a formal American declaration in favour of partition was given on 11 October, a public relations authority declared to the Zionist Emergency Council in a closed meeting:'under no circumstances should any of us believe or think we had won because of the devotion of the American Government to our cause. We had won because of the sheer pressure of political logistics that was applied by the Jewish leadership in the United States'. State Department advice critical of the controversial UNSCOP recommendation to give the overwhelmingly Arab town of Jaffa, and the Negev, to the Jews was overturned by an urgent and secret late meeting organized for Chaim Weizman with Truman, which immediately countermanded the recommendation. The United States initially refrained from pressuring smaller states to vote either way, but Robert A. Lovett reported that America's U.N. delegation's case suffered impediments from high pressure by Jewish groups, and that indications existed that bribes and threats were being used, even of American sanctions against Liberia and Nicaragua. When the UNSCOP plan failed to achieve the necessary majority on 25 November, the lobby 'moved into high gear' and induced the President to overrule the State Department, and let wavering governments know that the U.S. strongly desired partition.
Proponents of the Plan reportedly put pressure on nations to vote yes to the Partition Plan. A telegram signed by 26 US senators with influence on foreign aid bills was sent to wavering countries, seeking their support for the partition plan. The US Senate was considering a large aid package at the time, including 60 million dollars to China. Many nations reported pressure directed specifically at them:
There is also some evidence that Sam Zemurray put pressure on several banana republics to change their votes.
According to Benny Morris, Wasif Kamal, an Arab Higher Committee official, tried to bribe a delegate to the United Nations, perhaps a Russian.
Concerning the welfare of Jews in Arab countries, a number of direct threats were made:
Concerning the welfare of Jews in Arab countries, a number of predictions were made:
The Arab states warned the Western Powers that endorsement of the partition plan might be met by either or both an oil embargo and realignment of the Arab states with the Soviet Bloc.
On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly voted 33 to 13, with 10 abstentions and 1 absent, in favour of the modified Partition Plan. The final vote, consolidated here by modern United Nations Regional Groups rather than contemporary groupings, was as follows:
Latin American and Caribbean (13 countries):
Western European and Others (8 countries):
Eastern European (5 countries):
African (2 countries):
Asia-Pacific (3 countries)
North America (2 countries)
Asia-Pacific (9 countries, primarily Middle East sub-area):
Western European and Others (2 countries):
African (1 country):
Latin American and Caribbean (1 country):
Latin American and Caribbean (6 countries):
Asia-Pacific (1 country):
Western European and Others (1 country):
Eastern European (1 country):
If analysed by the modern composition of what later came to be known as the United Nations Regional Groups showed relatively aligned voting styles in the final vote. This, however, does not reflect the regional grouping at the time, as a major reshuffle of regional grouping occurred in 1966. All Western nations voted for the resolution, with the exception of the United Kingdom (the Mandate holder), Greece and Turkey. The Soviet bloc also voted for partition, with the exception of Yugoslavia, which was to be expelled from Cominform the following year. The majority of Latin American nations following Brazilian leadership, voted for partition, with a sizeable minority abstaining. Asian countries (primarily Middle Eastern countries) voted against partition, with the exception of the Philippines.
Most Jews in Palestine and around the world reacted to the UN resolution with satisfaction, but some did not. Jews gathered in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem to celebrate the U.N. resolution during the whole night after the vote. Great bonfires at Jewish collective farms in the north were blazing. Many big cafes in Tel Aviv served free champagne. Mainstream Zionist leaders emphasized the "heavy responsibility" of building a modern Jewish State, and committed to working towards a peaceful coexistence with the region's other inhabitants: Jewish units in the United States hailed the action by the United Nations. Most welcomed the Palestine Plan but some felt it did not settle the problem.
Some Revisionist Zionists rejected the partition plan as a renunciation of legitimately Jewish national territory. The Irgun Tsvai Leumi, led by Menachem Begin, and the Lehi (also known as the Stern Group or Gang), the two underground, Revisionist-affilitated underground organisations which had been fighting against both the British and Arabs, stated their opposition. Begin warned that the partition would not bring peace because the Arabs would also attack the small state and that "in the war ahead we'll have to stand on our own, it will be a war on our existence and future". He also stated that "the bisection of our homeland is illegal. It will never be recognized." Begin was sure that the creation of a Jewish state would make territorial expansion possible, "after the shedding of much blood."
Some Post-Zionist scholars endorse Simha Flapan's view that it is a myth that Zionists accepted the partition as a compromise by which the Jewish community abandoned ambitions for the whole of Palestine and recognized the rights of the Arab Palestinians to their own state. Rather, Flapan argued, acceptance was only a tactical move that aimed to thwart the creation of an Arab Palestinian state and, concomitantly, expand the territory that had been assigned by the UN to the Jewish state. Baruch Kimmerling has said that Zionists "officially accepted the partition plan, but invested all their efforts towards improving its terms and maximally expanding their boundaries while reducing the number of Arabs in them."
Addressing the Central Committee of the Histadrut (the Eretz Israel Workers Party) days after the UN vote to partition Palestine, Ben-Gurion expressed his apprehension, stating:
the total population of the Jewish State at the time of its establishment will be about one million, including almost 40% non-Jews. Such a [population] composition does not provide a stable basis for a Jewish State. This [demographic] fact must be viewed in all its clarity and acuteness. With such a [population] composition, there cannot even be absolute certainty that control will remain in the hands of the Jewish majority... There can be no stable and strong Jewish state so long as it has a Jewish majority of only 60%.
Ben-Gurion said "I know of no greater achievement by the Jewish people . . . in its long history since it became a people".
Arab leaders and governments rejected the plan of partition in the resolution and indicated that they would reject any other plan of partition. The Arab states' delegations declared immediately after the vote for partition that they would not be bound by the decision, and walked out accompanied by the Indian and Pakistani delegates.
They argued that it violated the principles of national self-determination in the UN charter which granted people the right to decide their own destiny. The Arab delegations to the UN issued a joint statement the day after that vote that stated: "the vote in regard to the Partition of Palestine has been given under great pressure and duress, and that this makes it doubly invalid"
On 16 February 1948, UN Palestine Commission to the security council reported that: "Powerful Arab interests, both inside and outside Palestine, are defying the resolution of the General Assembly and are engaged in a deliberate effort to alter by force the settlement envisaged therein." The Arabs were against the establishment of an international regime in Jerusalem too.
A few weeks after UNSCOP released its report, Azzam Pasha, the General Secretary of the Arab League, was quoted by an Egyptian newspaper as saying "Personally I hope the Jews do not force us into this war because it will be a war of elimination and it will be a dangerous massacre which history will record similarly to the Mongol massacre or the wars of the Crusades." (This statement from October 1947 has often been incorrectly reported as having been made much later on 15 May 1948.) Pasha told Alec Kirkbride: "We will sweep them [the Jews] into the sea". The Syrian president, Shukri al-Quwatli, told his people: "We shall eradicate Zionism".
The Egyptian King, Farouk told the American ambassador to Egypt, that in the long run the Arabs would soundly defeat the Jews and drive them out of Palestine.
While Azzam Pasha repeated his threats to forcefully thwart the partition, the first important Arab voice who supported the partition was the influential Egyptian daily "Al Mokattam": "We stand for partition because we believe that it is the best final solution for the problem of Palestine...rejection of partition...will lead to further complications and will give the Zionists another space of time to complete their plans of defense and attack...a delay of one more year which would not benefit the Arabs but would benefit the Jews, especially after the British evacuation."
On 20 May 1948, Azzam told reporters "We are fighting for an Arab Palestine. Whatever the outcome the Arabs will stick to their offer of equal citizenship for Jews in Arab Palestine and let them be as Jewish as they like. In areas where they predominate they will have complete autonomy."
The Arab League said that some of the Jews would have to be expelled from a Palestinian Arab state.
Abdullah appointed Ibrahim Hashem Pasha as the Military Governor of the Arab areas occupied by troops of the Transjordan Army. He was a former Prime Minister of Transjordan who supported partition of Palestine as proposed by the Peel Commission and the United Nations.
Haj Amin al-Husseini said in March 1948 to an interviewer in a Jaffa daily Al Sarih that the Arabs did not intend merely to prevent partition but "would continue fighting until the Zionists were Annihilated".
Zionists attributed Arab rejection of the plan to mere intransigence. Palestinian Arabs opposed the very idea of partition but reiterated that this partition plan was unfair: the majority of the land (56%) would go to a Jewish state, when Jews at that stage legally owned only 6-7% of it and remained a minority of the population (33% in 1946). There were also disproportionate allocations under the plan and the area under Jewish control contained 45% of the Palestinian population. The proposed Arab state was only given 45% of the land, much of which was unfit for agriculture. Jaffa, though geographically separated, was to be part of the Arab state. However, most of the proposed Jewish state was the Negev desert. The plan allocated to the Jewish State most of the Negev desert that was sparsely populated and unsuitable for agriculture but also a "vital land bridge protecting British interests from the Suez Canal to Iraq"
Few Palestinian Arabs joined the Arab Liberation Army because they suspected that the other Arab States did not plan on an independent Palestinian state. According to Ian Bickerton, for that reason many of them favored partition and indicated a willingness to live alongside a Jewish state. He also mentions that the Nashashibi family backed King Abdullah and union with Transjordan.
The Arabs promised to respect the rights of the Jewish minority.
The AHC demanded that in a Palestinian Arab state, the majority of the Jews should not be citizens (those who had not lived in Palestine before the British Mandate).
According to Musa Alami, the mufti would agree to partition if he were promised that he would rule the future Arab state".
The Arab Higher Committee responded to the partition resolution and declared a three-day general strike in Palestine to begin the following day. On 2 December a large Arab mob, armed with clubs and knives, attacked the Jerusalem New Commercial Center attacking Jewish passersby and shops. The Haganah intelligence identified two AHC officials, as leading the crowd.
On 4 December a band of 120–150 gunmen from Salame attacked the nearby kibbutz Efal. The settlers, together with Palmah reinforcements, beat them off.
When Bevin received the partition proposal, he promptly ordered for it not to be imposed on the Arabs. The plan was vigorously debated in the British parliament.
In a British cabinet meeting at 4 December 1947, it was decided that the Mandate would end at midnight 14 May 1948, the complete withdrawal by 1 August 1948, and Britain would not enforce the UN partition plan. On 11 December 1947, Britain announced the Mandate would end at midnight 14 May 1948 and its sole task would be to complete withdrawal by 1 August 1948. During the period in which the British withdrawal was completed, Britain refused to share the administration of Palestine with a proposed UN transition regime, to allow the UN Palestine Commission to establish a presence in Palestine earlier than a fortnight before the end of the Mandate, to allow the creation of official Jewish and Arab militias or to assist in smoothly handing over territory or authority to any successor.
The United States declined to recognize the All-Palestine government in Gaza by explaining that it had accepted the UN Mediator's proposal. The Mediator had recommended that Palestine, as defined in the original Mandate including Transjordan, might form a union. Bernadotte's diary said the Mufti had lost credibility on account of his unrealistic predictions regarding the defeat of the Jewish militias. Bernadotte noted "It would seem as though in existing circumstances most of the Palestinian Arabs would be quite content to be incorporated in Transjordan."
The Partition Plan with Economic Union was not realized in the days following the 29 November 1947 resolution as envisaged by the General Assembly. It was followed by outbreaks of violence in Mandatory Palestine between Palestinian Jews and Arabs known as the 1947–48 Civil War. After Alan Cunningham, the High Commissioner of Palestine, left Jerusalem, on the morning of 14 May the British army left the city as well. The British left a power vacuum in Jerusalem and made no measures to establish the international regime in Jerusalem. At midnight on 14 May 1948, the British Mandate expired, and Britain disengaged its forces. Earlier in the evening, the Jewish People's Council had gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation, declaring "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel". The 1948 Arab–Israeli War began with the invasion of, or intervention in, Palestine by the Arab States on 15 May 1948.
In 1988, the Palestine Liberation Organization published the Palestinian Declaration of Independence relying on Resolution 181, arguing that the resolution continues to provide international legitimacy for the right of the Palestinian people to sovereignty and national independence. A number of scholars have written in support of this view.
A General Assembly request for an advisory opinion, Resolution ES-10/14 (2004), specifically cited resolution 181(II) as a "relevant resolution", and asked the International Court of Justice (ICJ) what are the legal consequences of the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions. Judge Abdul Koroma explained the majority opinion: "The Court has also held that the right of self-determination as an established and recognized right under international law applies to the territory and to the Palestinian people. Accordingly, the exercise of such right entitles the Palestinian people to a State of their own as originally envisaged in resolution 181 (II) and subsequently confirmed." In response, Prof. Paul De Waart said that the Court put the legality of the 1922 League of Nations Palestine Mandate and the 1947 UN Plan of Partition beyond doubt once and for all.
In 2011, Mahmoud Abbas stated that the 1947 Arab rejection of United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a mistake he hoped to rectify.


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Let's quaranSTEAM! We asked students to show us what this time at home has been like through science, technology, engineering, art, or math (STEAM). Our entries were small, but mighty. We love seeing how our students are expressing their creativity at home. In this contest, we couldn't help but declare everyone a winner. View all of their wonderful STEAM creations below.
Easton Z., PreK-1: Origami woodpecker and other art
Easton has been staying busy and couldn't just pick one thing! Watch his video to see all the science and art projects he's been working on. Also enjoy photos of his origami woodpecker!
Phoenix D., Grade 7: Rubber band launcher, hydraulic arm, and gear heart
Phoenix has been hard at work on three different feats of engineering. Watch his video to see these three creations:
- The rubber band launcher is his original Lego creation, designed to launch rubber bands. It is fully automatic, so you can just keep on launching rubber bands without having to reload. With the fast rate of fire, the launcher can be loaded with up to 35 rubber bands. The launcher can propel rubber bands to up to 40 feet!
- The hydraulic arm is made out of cardboard and powered by water in syringes. The syringes can move the arm up and down, extend and retract the arm, bend the arm, and open and close the hand. The hydraulic arm is fun to play with and can pick up things like soda cans or books.
- He designed a gear heart and printed it on a 3D printer. It is comprised of eight fully meshed gears that come together to form the shape of a hear.
Wesley G., PreK-2: Cardboard vending machine
Watch his video to see how the vending machine works! Wesley used recycled items to make a vending machine that accepts a credit card or coins. He used a shoebox, tape, scissors, a sharpie, and a toilet paper roll.
Mohan P., Grade 5: 4 Stages of Life in Quarantine art
Are your stages the same as Mohan's?
Shenghan X., Grade 2: Lego cargo airplane
Watch his video to see how the cargo plane works!
Chloe G., Grade 5: Learned to play Beethoven's Pathetique Mov. 3 on the piano
She says, "I learned to play Beethoven's Pathetique Mov. 3. I chose this piece because it represents grief, sorrow, bravery, courage, and heroism that people demonstrate in the face of great adversity. I will continue to polish this piece. I hope you will enjoy it."
Julia U., Grade 4: Lego construction site
She spent weeks building each part of her construction site.
Maya S., Grade 3: Tadpole life cycles and art
Sourcing several tadpoles from the pond in her backyard, Maya put them in a fish bowl and hopes to watch the life cycle of the five tadpoles.
Maya also made art!


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The danger we've been through to obtain these images... almost feels like we're re-living it.
Enjoy these cursed images but please know... they come with a price.


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Oligocene Epoch
- Major division of the Tertiary Period, from с 33.7 to 23.8 million years ago. It follows the Eocene Epoch and precedes the Miocene Epoch. The term (from the Greek for "few recent forms") refers to the small number of modern animals that originated during this epoch. Oligocene climates appear to have been temperate, and many regions were nearly tropical. Grasslands expanded, and forested regions dwindled. The vertebrates of the northern continents had an essentially modern aspect that is a result less of the appearance of new forms than of the extinction of archaic vertebrates at the close of the Eocene.
* * *third and last major worldwide division of the Paleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago), spanning the interval between 33.9 million to 23 million years ago. The Oligocene Epoch is subdivided into two ages and their corresponding rock stages: the Rupelian (Rupelian Stage) and the Chattian (Chattian Stage). It followed the Eocene Epoch and was succeeded by the Miocene Epoch, the first epoch of the Neogene Period. The term Oligocene is derived from Greek and means the "epoch of few recent forms," referring to the sparseness of the number of modern animals that originated during that time.In western Europe the beginning of the Oligocene was marked by an invasion of the sea that brought with it new mollusks (mollusk) characteristic of the epoch. Marine conditions did not exist for long, however, and brackish and freshwater conditions soon prevailed. This cycle of marine transgression, followed by the establishment of brackish and then freshwater environments, was repeated during the Oligocene. Sediments on the floor of the ancient Tethyan Sea (Tethys Sea), which covered part of Eurasia during the Oligocene, were deformed early in the development of the European Alps.Oligocene climates appear to have been temperate, and many regions enjoyed subtropical climatic conditions. Grasslands expanded and forested regions dwindled during this time, while tropical vegetation flourished along the borders of the Tethyan Sea. Warm, swampy conditions prevailed over much of what is now Germany, and extensive deposits of lignite coal were formed.A prominent group of Oligocene marine organisms were the foraminiferans (foraminiferan), protists (protist) similar to amoebas (amoeba) but bearing a complex, often calcareous test, or shell. Among the especially prominent foraminiferans were the nummulites (nummulite) (large, lens-shaped foraminiferans). Other marine forms were essentially modern in aspect. Terrestrial invertebrate life was abundant and diverse. Stream and lake deposits on the Isle of Wight in England contain the remains, often well preserved, of termites and other insects. In the Baltic, many forms of Oligocene insects, including butterflies (butterfly), bees (bee), ants (ant), and spiders (spider), are preserved in amber.Oligocene terrestrial vertebrate faunas are diverse and abundant and are known from North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The vertebrates of the northern continents possess an essentially modern aspect that is more a result of the extinction of archaic vertebrates at the close of the Eocene Epoch than the appearance of new forms. The similarities between the various early Oligocene vertebrate faunas of the northern continents suggests a relatively free interchange of animals, but later Oligocene faunas show a greater degree of provincialism. Early pigs and peccaries first appeared in Europe during the early Oligocene and reached North America late in the epoch. Bats (bat) became more widespread during the Oligocene and at least locally abundant; their droppings in caves contributed to the formation of extensive phosphate deposits that are now economically significant in many areas.Throughout the epoch, modern groups of carnivores and herbivores became diverse and abundant. The largest land mammal of all time, Indricotherium (a sort of giant hornless rhinoceros), is known from Asia, and the first mastodons (mastodon) are known from Egypt. In North America, primitive horses were evolving, including three-toed forms such as Mesohippus and Miohippus. Primitive beavers (beaver) also appeared late in the Oligocene.The earliest apelike form, Parapithecus, is known from Oligocene deposits in Egypt, which also have yielded remains of several kinds of Old World monkeys. The earliest New World monkeys are known from late Oligocene deposits in South America. During the Oligocene, South America was isolated from Central and North America, and a unique mammalian fauna developed there. Remarkably, many South American mammals of the Oligocene exhibit extreme parallelism in adaptation to forms that are found elsewhere in the world and to which they are not closely related.
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Universalium. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Oligocene epoch — noun from 40 million to 25 million years ago; appearance of sabertoothed cats • Syn: ↑Oligocene • Instance Hypernyms: ↑epoch • Part Holonyms: ↑Tertiary, ↑Tertiary period … Useful english dictionary
Oligocene — [äl′i gō sēn΄] adj. [ OLIGO + CENE] [sometimes o ] designating or of the third and last geologic epoch of the Paleogene, characterized by cold climate, the formation of vast grasslands, and the further development of mammals designating or of the … English World dictionary
Oligocene — System Series Stage Age (Ma) Neogene Miocene Aquitanian younger Paleogene Oligocene … Wikipedia
epoch — /ep euhk/ or, esp. Brit., /ee pok/, n. 1. a particular period of time marked by distinctive features, events, etc.: The treaty ushered in an epoch of peace and good will. 2. the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of anything: The… … Universalium
Oligocene — /ol i goh seen /, Geol. adj. 1. noting or pertaining to an epoch of the Tertiary Period, occurring from 40 to 25 million years ago. See table under geologic time. n. 2. the Oligocene Epoch or Series. [1855 60; OLIGO + CENE] * * * … Universalium
Oligocene — 1. adjective Of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 34 to 23 million years ago; marked by the rapid evolution in a warm climate. 2. noun The Oligocene epoch … Wiktionary
Oligocene — Ol•i•go•cene [[t]ˈɒl ɪ goʊˌsin[/t]] adj. 1) gel noting or pertaining to an epoch of the Tertiary Period, occurring from 40 million to 25 million years ago 2) gel the Oligocene Epoch or Series … From formal English to slang
Oligocene — ► ADJECTIVE Geology ▪ relating to the third epoch of the Tertiary period (35.4 to 23.3 million years ago), a time when the first primates appeared. ORIGIN from Greek oligos few + kainos new … English terms dictionary
Oligocene — An epoch of the Tertiary Period of geologic time (from 23.3 to 35.4 million years ago), which follows the Eocene Epoch and precede the Miocene Epoch; also the corresponding (time stratigraphic) "series" of earthy materials. SW … Glossary of landform and geologic terms
Oligocene — adjective Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary Date: circa 1859 of, relating to, or being an epoch of the Tertiary between the Eocene and Miocene or the corresponding series of rocks see geologic time table • Oligocene noun … New Collegiate Dictionary


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tv FOX News Watch FOX News June 24, 2012 12:30pm-1:00pm PDT
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>> paul: bill, thank you. that's it for this week's edition of the journal editorial report. thanks to my panel and for of you for watching. i'm paul gigot, we hope to see you right here next week. >> jon: on fox news watch, congress prepares to push forward with contempt charges against eric holder for holding on to key documents related to the bungled fast and furious gun running operation. mr. obama goes on the defense claiming executive privilege and the white house tries to spin this. >> the politically motivated tax funded fishing expedition. >> it looks more like our broken politics and vicious fights now out in the open. >> jon: nbc news at it again. >> i went to a place today called wa wa's. >> jon: andrea mitchell and others tried to pull a fast
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one and editing to mike mitt romney look out of touch. >> taking shots at ann romney and her therapy for ms. one more nbc blunder, the interview bob costas had left one thing out, the evidence. what's going on over at 30 rock. h.b.o. has a new series, the news business. is there a bias. >> you, too, you, too. >> and the crazy guy-- >> and on the panel this week, fox news contributor jerry miller. the columnist barelli. jim pinkerton, the editor conservative magazine and bureau chief, ellen ratner, i'm rick fulbaum. fox news watch is on right now. now. >> to advise you, i think perhaps you and others have
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the interest in this at your network knows the administration, principally the department of justin has cooperated extensive with investigators. extensive documents and administration provided even documents related to an interest in whether or not people in the white house knew of this operation at the time and provided that, provided that -- let me finish please, ed and provided that last fall. >> jon: the white house press secretary jay carney this week giving us take on the fast and furious investigation to our chief white house correspondent at fox news channel, ed henry and jim, i guess he's right about one thing, because fox news has been covering this story since the get-go, but so many other news organizations have not been. why not? >> well, it would almost make you think that they're thinking more like political partisans than investigators. it's astonishing to see from "the washington post," oh,
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yes, normally i'm from full disclosure and normally letting truth-- after all i'm a reporter and a journalist, of course in this case, no, no, we can't do anything to hurt president obama. that's pretty astonishing, where you forfeit your journalistic credentials in favor of supporting just a politician. >> and the coverage of this story from nbc, not a lot from the new york times. why do you think the story was ignored so long. >> i don't think the story is ignored. we heard about it in many, many places, and i mean, everything from the washington post to really get something on it and msnbc did something on it. they didn't do something, on a conservative way. but, also, want to say that none. press really scored what the deal was at that was offered. a lot of deals in this town, in washington d.c. and why do they say what happened with holder isolating. >> jon: let me ask you. the chairman of this network,
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roger ailes says bias is what you exclude, as often as what's included in a news report. the exclusion interest so many newspapers and broadcasts, why? >> i think 'cause the democrats were thinking it would go away, if the mainstream media ignored it. it would go away if they said loud enough and often enough that this is a political, all a political ploy, a way to embarrass the president and get at the white house, even, jay carney's response to ed. you know, well, you the at fox would know about this, because you know this story implies this is not really legitimate news. and whether or not you think the democrats are right or the republicans are right, this was a legitimate story, it remains a legitimate story and it should have been covered, and it wasn't by many in the mainstream media. >> jon: we heard from jay carney in that clip that we just played, calling this whole thing political, fishing expedition is the term that a lot of democrats, including the white house, are using to refer to this.
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is the media though too quick to follow suit, sort of keep that story line going? >> i don't think the media is doing this issue justice. and you mentioned the new york times. i see this really a loop role of media bias here. and the headlines in an editorial this week, it's a pointless, partisan fight. not only that the new york times is making holder out to be the victim here. he has misled congress and somehow, holder is now a victim of what is going on, when really he should have had these documents come forth to get to the bottom of what's going on here. >> rick: ellen? >> well, i think this got a huge amount of coverage and again, it may not be the kind of conservative coverage that people thought it ought to get, but this whole idea, no one has been prosecuted for 35 years when there's been contempt. and i mean, and that was pointed out, actually by riotest. >> what congress wants to do is get to the bottom of this.
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try telling what you just said to the parents of brian terry. they want to know what happened and no one is being held accountable. >> jon: and let's focus on the coverage though. and jim, we hear a lot of talks about politics, but of course this has to do with politics because it's election year and this is washington d.c. >> right, so, the issue is, for example, and mentions the editorial, 2012, denouncing the republicans. in 2007, democrats investigating the bush administration over the u.s. attorney's case, the headline was defying an imperial presidency. in other words, the media were completely situational, if it's bad for republicans, they trumpet it. bad for democrats they downplay it, i think that's the metric here, but i agree that the family of agent terry. >> jon: yes. >> they have a say in this now, and it's astonishing i see them on fox. if this had been some other kind of case, something hurt under-- under the domain of the bush
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administration they would have been on 60 minutes years ago. >> jon: how about the coverage, real quickly, judy, the asoarings of executive privilege. was enough to comment on president, then senator obama, when he criticized president bush for his position. >> i think that point has been made and that's easier for the media to discover once they understand that fast and furious is not going away and it's a legitimate story. you have arguments in favor and again, by constitutional-- that's a standard story, people are more with that. >> jon: and a question of editing over at nbc. >> go get your sandwich, pay, it's amazing. >> it's hazying (laughter) . they do creative editing to make mitt romney appear out of touch. >> and it's possible to take care of young boy a, and--
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chase sapphire preferred. >> maybe this was mitt romney's supermarket scanner moment. i get the feeling, take a look at this, that mitt romney has not been in too many, too many wa wa's on the roadside in pennsylvania. >> by the way, where do you-- where do you get your hogueys here, do you get them at wa wa's, is that where you get them. wint to a place today called wa wa's, anybody been there. i'm sorry, noi it's a very big state, but we went to wa wa's, i went to wa wa's to order a stand witch. you press a touch tone key pad, touch that and the sandwich comes in, touch this, touch this, go pay the cashier, there's your sandwich. it's amazing. >> it's amazing.
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(laughter) >> you know, when these candidates get out of their comfort zone. >> yeah. >> and that's what-- and in smalltown america, you've got to be able to, you know, speak the language. >> msnbc anchor andrea mitchell with unof the contributors, chris, are laughing as you saw at a clip of mitt romney that they had edited to make the g.o.p. presidential candidate seem, well, overly excited about his sandwich ordering experience at wa wa, here is what really happened. >> i went to order a sandwich. you press a little touch tone key pad, all right. you touch that and the sandwich comes in, touch this, touch this, touch this, go pay the cashier there's your sandwich. it's mazing people in the private sector learned how to compete and it's time to bring competition to the federal government to get it smaller and never respond to the customers, which are you. >> judy, a selective videotape editing not the first time at nbc. they got caught doing this with the trayvon martin 911
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tapes. >> absolutely, those were edited made to look like zimmerman look like a racist. there was an apology, what i find striking about this example, andrea mitchell did not apologize. they did run the full interview the next day. but there was never, we are sorry for having misled our viewers. it was in case you'd like to see the rest of the interview, here it is. i'm mystified by nbc's response to this. >> and she really dug in her heels, andrea mitchell, a long career in this business. but they claim that the edits that they made didn't change the context of what governor romney was saying. >> this is shameless, more proof to me that msnbc is really reporting news as part of obama's campaign, helping his campaign, because when you look at it, we had social media that uncovered the story and thank goodness for that. but also, thank goodness for competition in the media because if it went for analysts that honestly report what was going on where they
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were trying to make romney look bad, he was mentioning competition in the private sector versus the public sector, thanks goodness for the media outlets that are doing due diligence and should be ashamed. >> that's the part cut out instead hear his aamazement. is this the supermarket scanner, referring of course to the problems that george h.w. bush had at the supermarket when he was running. >> right. >> these are memories once created stay with voters for a long time. andrea mitchell was clearly wrong and i don't think you'll get any disagreement from any of us at table. i want to say one thing, it was on one media outlet, it's not like this cluster group of people that did this. it was one media outlet, one-- >> but it's a major network. >> and she was wrong. i'm just saying it was one person. >> but it wasn't just one instance. we were talking of at least three instances. >> and we want to show something else, msnbc their
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host lawrence o'donnell who a lot of people say went too far taking shots at ann romney, the wife of governor romney, how she goes on horseback rides for ms. >> and the breathe takingly sport of dressage as a therapeutic option for ann romney's multiple sclerosis, her getting back on the horse after she was diagnosed with ms, was able, she's convinced to help her regenerate her strength and renew that vigor. >> now, this is not an any way to make light of ann romney's difficulty with ms. it's obviously a very difficult thing to bear and there are a lot of things to try to do to deal with ms, but come on, dressage does not appear in any of the more traditional courses of treatment. >> fox's neil cavuto who also
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happens to suffer from ms, had this to say. >> it just seems odd to me that a network with the very letters ms in its name wouldn't resist making fun of making fun of someone who has to live with ms every day. ann romney doesn't need their pity, just their accuracy, she has a lot of money, but clearly has not bout her a pass from a lot of hell. take it from me i'm not horsing around, these guys taking pot shots at ann romney are horse's asses, ache it from the multiple sclerosis society. ms research center, the child newerology society and so many others, who devote so much to ailness that is so bad and chronicle the real benefit of horseback riding that they all report has a proven history of doing some good. hippo therapy, dressage, working with horses whatever the hell you want to call it you don't have to lean forward to appreciate it, just check your facts before you joke
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about it. because right about now, you condescending sanctimonious twits who are allegedly healthy, you have proven that you do not know the benefits of horseback riding one bit. but you sure are good at piling on the lies and shuttling what announced to unadulterated horse-- well, stuff. >> very good to hold his tongue there at the end, neil. >> lawrence o'donnell, you would think at the least his staff would have done some research into this before they allowed him to go on the air. >> i don't think they care. and look, this is a guy who brags in gq about wearing $88 socks, $88 a pair of socks, and also striking, lawrence o'donnell. and if sean hannity had gone on a riff with someone with multiple sclerosis, they would
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have found all of those that neil cited and instead a weird silence. >> it's one thing to provide political commentary what lawrence o'dom does and does it from a political viewpoint. did he cross the line? >> i don't think he did, if you listen to the all of the interview, entire interview, he went on to say that he wasn't taking issue with the treatment of dressage, with dressage to make her feel better or cope with ms, because, neil is passionate is about this because he suffers from this as well. but because romney took a business deduction, a $77,000 business deduction rather than a medical deduction for the expenses associated with that. so, i don't think he was making fun of her, i think it was unfair to suggest he was. >> we have more news watch ahead. if you see something that you feel shows media bias, e-mails
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us at news email@example.com. and coming up, another blunder at 30 rock. >> i didn't go around seeking out every young people for sexual needs that i've helped. >> a key statement from jerry sandusky gets cut from his interview with nbc. what were they thinking. and the tv debuts, is it true to life or more hollywood razzle
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i would guess that there were many young people who would come forward, many more young people who would come forward and say that my methods and what i had done for them made a very positive impact on their life. and i didn't go around seeking out every young person for sexual needs that i've helped. there are many that i didn't have -- i hardly had any contact with who i have helped in many, many ways. >> oh, well, that was a sound bite from the jerry sandusky interview, the former assistant football coach at penn state accused of raping young boys, an interview he gave to bob costas that aired last november. but that chunk of the interview was left out and it seems it's the place in the interview who says i didn't go after every young person for sexual favors, sort of like, well i did with some of them,
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but not all of them, but that never made it to air. >> which is very telling. this whole case is very disturbing and even more so disturbing what nbc did, that's gross irresponsibility on their part. it's the media's due diligence to report what they know and let the public know, so that the public can decide. >> oh, no, ellen, not a good week for nbc news, any way you slice it. is that bias or boneheaded. >> even if they edit which they did and put the interview on air with the way they did, the problem with why didn't they put it on the website. i mean, everybody takes the exits and put it on the website and they were truly not trying to be forth coming. >> or trying to preserve a relationship with sandusky or joe paterno or-- they knew must have. >> and journalistic malpractice. [ male announcer ] don't miss d lobster's four course seafo feast,
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to alienated anybody. that all changes after a public meltdown. mcaboy decides to tell it like it is. is it modeled after anybody we know? george stephanopolous cleared it up. >> keith olbermann it's the second time he wrote about his life. aaron says, no, it's not based on anyone. who did you base it on? >> no one. we decided toy somebody completely fictional al. aaron never said by the way, this is based on so and so. >> rick: we will have so see it use the newsroom for soapbox and politics. thanks to our panel. i'm rick folbaum.
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- Maintenance of the requisite accounting books and records of the business in multiple currencies
- Preparation of monthly, quarterly and/or annual computerized management accounts
- Monthly reconciliation of receivables and payables
- Preparation of sales invoices and debt collection
- Collection of purchase invoices and follow up payments
- Monthly reconciliations of the bank balances to the bank statements
- Preparation of the business monthly payroll and submission of the relevant forms together with payments to Social Insurance and to the Income Tax Department.
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I would set , on my cart page, the default checkbox "shipping method" on Carrier method (instead "free shipping" that, in my case, means collection on site).
I see that Magento save free shipping on sales_flat_quote_address table when the customer create the shopping cart. How I can change this behavior with other shipping method?
I tried to change the "checked" attribute on phtml file, but is not sufficient (if the customer select "free shipping" and then leave from cart, add another product and return on checkout ... He see "carrier" checked).


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House debates
Wednesday, 27 November 2019
Migration Joint Committee; Membership
4:25 pm
Kevin Hogan (Page, National Party) Share this | Link to this | Hansard source
I have received advice from the Chief Government Whip nominating Mr Drum to be a member of the Joint Standing Committee on Migration in place of Dr Martin.
4:26 pm
Luke Howarth (Petrie, Liberal Party, Assistant Minister for Community Housing, Homelessness and Community Services) Share this | Link to this | Hansard source
I ask leave of the House to move a motion for the appointment of a member to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration.
Leave not granted.


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- 4,862
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- Joined Jun 1, 2008
It's almost that time of the year again. It's already been a year since MTV put out their Hottest MC in the game Top 10. Shouts to my dudes, J-Rod, Rahman, Tuma and Shaheem over at 1515.
Kanye West took last year ranked no.1 last year, edging out his big brother Jay-Z for the top spot. Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, Snoop Dogg, 50 Cent, Lupe Fiasco, Young Jeezy, Andre 3000 and T.I. rounded out the list in order. I'm not sure when the Brain Trust plans on running their new list, but here's how I think it should go as of right now.-Jackpot
[Blogger's Note: The following is not MTV's Hottest MCs In The Game list.]
Eminem [1]: All eyes have definitely been on Marshall these past few months leading up to his fifth solo release, Relapse. Not too many rappers could get their video to premiere on Cinemax. Though the music has been getting mixed reviews, Slim is sure to sell a gang of records off GP.
Drake [2-3]: "And I think it's got that making of a legend feel,"Drake raps on So Far Gone's "Say What's Real." That's pretty much sums up Drizzy's current buzz. Everybody from teenage girls, industry tastemakers to some of hip-hop's biggest names agree that the T. Dot MC is poised to become hip-hop's first new superstar since Kanye. That's five years people. T.I. and Wayne are undeniable superstars but they slowly evolved into those slots.
Gucci Mane [2-3]: I'm not too sure how it happened, but this guy's buzz is pretty much out of this world right now. He's poppin
Rick Ross [4]: Forget the CO controversy, the Bauwse nabbed his third consecutive no.1 with Deeper Than Rap-hands down the year's best report to date.
Jadakiss [5]: Kiss' fan base is underrated. After a five-year hiatus, Mr. Raspy's The Last Kiss sold an impressive 134k in its first week. There aren't ten MCs in hip-hop who can claim that.
Kanye West [6-7]: 808s & Heartbreaks is still charting higher than most releases six months after hitting stores. Furthmore, Yeezy remains one of the game's most sought after MCs, popping up on singles with Keri Hilson, The-Dream, Beyonce and many more.
Lil Wayne [6-7]: Like 808, Tha Carter III is still charting roughly a year after its release. In addition to remaining the cameo king, unreleased Weezy joints keep surfacing on nearly a daily basis.
Soulja Boy [8]: The one hit wonder is pretty much dead now. iSouljaBoyTellEm may have bricked, but the success of "Kiss Me Through The Phone" and "Turn My Swag On" has kept SB in heavy rotation this year.
Cam'ron [9]: We'll see how hot Cam really is when Crime Pays' SoundScan numbers come out tomorrow.
OJ Da Juiceman [1: The new kid out of the trap, OJ's stock is going up and fast. With "Make The Trap Say Aye" still bubbling, OJ and the aforementioned Gucci Mane are becoming sought after guest rappers. Even R. Kelly enlisted the ATLien for his recently released, "Superman High."
That's roughly how I think MTV's list should go today. I'm sure some of the MCs I've featured will be left out, while others (Kid Cudi, Asher Roth?) may make it onto theirs. What do you guys think? Who should be on the list and in what order?
It fits the standard that MTV follows when they do this list (which is a stupid criteria to begin with)... But I can't really argue with this list toomuch, its pretty on point...
Gotta go work for the man... I'll be back to talk !@%! later....


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A limited number of scholarships are awarded beginning with the second year qualified students as funds are available. Qualified children of accredited ACCPHIL pastors are offered 50% discount on board and tuition fees.
A Work Study Program is available for first year students. This program is designed to help studenta who can pay only half of their tuition fees, to pay for the other half rendering 16-hours of work a week.


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Work with Brian. Enjoy the Journey.
You deserve a better home selling experience. Contact Brian and let's get started.
Welcome to Lottivue! Bright decor, incredible location, the lake lifestyle. A 5-minute ride along the million dollar homes of Goulette Point and you're out to the lake. Nicely updated brick ranch on a prime canal that's 10+ ft deep, extra wide, and capable of accommodating boats large and small. Brand new roof 2017, brand new boiler 2017. Granite countered kitchen with maple cabinets. Master bedroom with attached master bathroom. Living room with natural fireplace and plenty of unobstructed views of the water. Crown molding throughout. Incredible opportunity to live in one of the premium waterfront communities on Anchor Bay in Lake St. Clair.
Listing courtesy of
You deserve a better home selling experience. Contact Brian and let's get started.
Set up your customized home search and plug directly into the MLS to search all homes for sale.


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Agile skills
Jump-start a stellar career and build the perfect skillset by forging your industry links early.
Australia's STEM workforce
How do STEM skills add to your employability? Find out with these fast facts from industry.
A day in the life of a STEM career
If you're considering a career in STEM, but want to find out more about the highlights and challenges of daily work, read on.
The era of mass education
In the era of mass education, it's time to change graduate expectations.
Conservation biology
Daniella Teixeira believes it takes more than a science degree to make an impact on wildlife conservation.
Cool jobs
Your guide to the coolest jobs and most popular postgrad careers on offer.
Master of Cyber Security
Nikolai Hampton formalised 25 years in the IT sector to become a cybersecurity expert.
Health sciences degrees
Industry placement programs offer students valuable hands-on experience while they pursue their postgrad degrees.
Nanotechnology PhD
A fascination with nanotechnology may help those with cystic fibrosis.
10 things I wish I'd known before starting university
Engineering graduate Larissa Fedunik shares 10 tips for new uni starters.
Postdocalypse now: a postdoc survival guide
Can you handle the postdocalypse? A postdoc survival guide.
Postgraduate salaries
Find out key facts about postgraduate salaries and postgraduate job security.


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Title : ( Study of propofol effect on biochemical indices of liver and kidney in dogs )Authors: Mahdieh Zaeemi , Ahmad Raza Mohamadnia , roya pourmohammad , safieh ghohestani ,
Access to full-text not allowed by authors
Propofol (2,6 - di-isopropyl phenol) is a lipid soluble anesthetic drug that widely used as induction and maintenance drug in veterinary anesthesia. To evaluate propofol effect on liver and kidney function six clinical healthy dogs (weighed 19.33 ± 7.44 kg) were selected. Anesthesia induced by 8 mg/kg from a 1% propofol solution and maintained by 0.3 mg/kg/min continuous infusion of propofol. The main criteria of anesthesia was lateral recumbency of the animals during study, however Heart Rate, Pulse oximetry, Respiratory rate and temperature were measured during anesthesia in order to monitor anesthesia status. A control serum sample was taken 24 hours before anesthesia and serial samples were taken on immediately before anesthesia, minutes 2, 10, 30 and 60 during anesthesia and hours 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 after anesthesia. Induction of Anesthesia was smooth and eventless with the calculated doses but totally 4.45 mg/kg/min of propofol was used for maintenance of anesthesia that was higher than calculated doses. Serum concentration of albumin, total protein, glucose, urea and creatinine and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured by spectrophotometry method and an autoanalyzer (Biotecnica targa 3000, Italy). Data was analyzed using two way ANOVA and p values of 0.05 and less considered as significant. No significant changes recorded in biochemical parameters in comparison to zero time. The results of this study showed that administration of propofol has no effect on biochemical indices of liver and kidney in dogs.
Keywords, Dog, Propofol, Anesthesia, liver, kidney
author = {Zaeemi, Mahdieh and Mohamadnia, Ahmad Raza and Pourmohammad, Roya and Ghohestani, Safieh},
title = {Study of propofol effect on biochemical indices of liver and kidney in dogs},
booktitle = {هجدهمین کنگره دامپزشکی ایران},
year = {2014},
location = {IRAN},
keywords = {Dog; Propofol; Anesthesia; liver; kidney},
%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Study of propofol effect on biochemical indices of liver and kidney in dogs
%A Zaeemi, Mahdieh
%A Mohamadnia, Ahmad Raza
%A Pourmohammad, Roya
%A Ghohestani, Safieh


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Absolutely brilliant, outstanding service from advice on which alarm to have, very professional install and great introduction to the system when it's fitted. I'd recommend these to anyone. Well done!
Just want to say a massive thanks to all the lads at source for doing a perfect job of my stereo, sub and amp. I couldn't be happier with how it looks and sounds. The costomer service was second to none. Next step for me is to upgrade all the door speakers so I'll definitely be paying you another visit. Thanks again lads. Jamie (mk5 golf gti)
I recently visited Source Sounds to have a new security system fitted to my Land Rover Defender. They are 170 miles from where I live. The whole experience from the time I first made contact with them was superb, trouble free and a pleasure. Whilst there I also invested in a dash cam which they hard wired and fitted for me. Despite all of the work carried out, when I collected the vehicle there was no sign that anyone had interfered with vehicle, inside and out. Paul spent an hour plus with me on collection to explain the use of the items fitted. I was also assisted with hotel transport and securing my vehicle overnight. No wonder people travel miles to use their service. I won't hesitate to use again.


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I have a simple connection here:
- A WS2812B 5m 300 leds strip 5V;
- A Power Supply MS-150-5 150W 5V;
- Arduino with a simple code to blink 10 first leds;
TEST: If I connect my power supply to my LED with a wireless controller with some saved presets, everything works fine. Colors, red, blue, white ( some voltage downhere ), but ok, working. If take off the wireless controller and connect the LED to the Arduino, GND,+5, DATA, with a simple code, it's ok, 10 leds blinking, working fine. BUT if I connect only the data to Arduino and connect the power to my power supply, now all the stripe go crazy, show no sense colors.
The Arduino code is ok, voltage is ok. Power supply is big enough. Even say to blink only one light is turning on all leds.
I was with a differente power supply before, same but 70w and was working ok. Now with 150w is not working. Why is not working with this one that is bigger? Maybe any noise ?
I'm connecting the power supply directly to the LED and only using the Arduino Data.


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Stage 3 of the 2019 Overwatch League begins on Thursday with the San Francisco Shock looking to defend their title.
The Shock have only one match in the opening week – the first of the stage against Atlanta Reign – with all eyes on the champions to see how they handle having a target on their back.
Many things were learned about the Shock during their Stage 2 play-off run, including teams being more focused on shutting down the pairing of sinatraa and Viol2t, who were at the forefront in the finals.
super remains another key member of this squad, being one of the most consistent and dominant players up front on Reinhardt thus far in 2019.
The Shock enter this latest stage as titans
given they did not drop a single map during the last regular season, but there
is now even more tape on them available, with every team gunning to take down
the top squad.
Valiant on the up
After going winless in Stage 1 this year, Los Angeles Valiant rebounded to take three victories in Stage 2 and they are looking to improve yet again entering Stage 3.
A poor combination of benching some key players and a brutal schedule led to their atrocious start to the year. However, things improved during Stage 2 and this squad looks to have potential play-off impact in it.
One key note, however, is that the Valiant ended up trading away their Main Tank, Fate, to Florida Mayhem, with FCTFCTN or KuKi now set to take up that role.
This is a serious change for this squad, but they have a wealth of talent with players such as SPACE and Agilities still ready to make a heavy impact.
Week 1 will be crucial, as the Valiant go
up against the eighth- and ninth-placed teams from Stage 2 in Shanghai Dragons
and Chengdu Hunters.
Reign have potential
Atlanta Reign were much better than anticipated in Stage 2 after the loss of dafran, with babybay having a major impact and keeping the team in play-off contention until the last.
babybay's energy and experience were massive for this squad and the team looked revitalised around both his play and that of DACO, whose initial benching made little sense.
Adding in the play of Dogman on Support, the Reign had a decent trio who could affect the map and created some surprising wins, including back-to-back victories over New York Excelsior.
This is a team who could start off ice cold
against the two Stage 2 finalists, San Francisco and Vancouver, but things do
get easier from there.
Fuel look to prove a point
After riding a fairly lax schedule to a 5-2 record and a play-off berth in Stage 2, Dallas Fuel are out to show the world their improvement was no fluke.
The addition of NotE as a consistent Flex player for the team was a massive upgrade during the last stage, and overall there were certainly changes in the right direction for this squad. aKm having more freedom and flexibility in his hero pool was certainly one of those things.
The Fuel begin their time within Stage 3 against Los Angeles Gladiators and Washington Justice in Week 1.
If ZachaREEE can mature some more and learn from stage to stage, the Fuel could well find themselves in the play-offs for a second straight split.


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If you do not know what kind of prom dresses or pageant dresses suit you, SelinaDress will help you.There are lots of dresses available in many colors, skirt shape, price, necklace, fabric or embellishment, browse our store you'll find your favorite dresses. SelinaDress start selling short dresses and prom dresses in 2019. It is a good choice to choose a burgundy prom dresses or a prom dresses with long sleeves, but why don't you choose a split skirts or mermaid prom dresses? purchase these fashion trendy prom dresses, your style will shine on your next special occasion.
All dresses can be custom made in any Color & Size
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7 May 2013 by Lim Poh Ann-
- We are merely taking baby steps in our faith walk when we believe in a good God who blesses us.
- Spiritual maturity involves trusting not only in good God but a God who is faithful in spite of adverse circumstances. When trials assail us, we should rejoice by faith in His faithfulness, just like Habakkuk.
- We should also seek to know God's ways, like Moses. If God's presence does not go with us, we should not venture out despite attractive blessings beckoning to us to go ahead. It is important to seek God's presence rather than presume that — since He is a good God — the path of blessings must be right for us.
- "There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death" (Proverbs 14:12).
- "Lot looked around and saw that the whole plain of the Jordan toward Zoar was well watered, like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt. This was before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah" (Genesis 13:10). Lot, the nephew of Abraham, chose the best land using his natural judgment. He did not realise that the place would later be destroyed by God for its repugnant sins like sodomy. The path marked by blessings might not be God's choice.
- Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths" (Proverbs 3:5-6).
Source :
Porridge For The Soul By Dr Lim Poh Ann
Disclaimer: The views or opinions expressed by the columnists are solely their own and do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of Christianity Malaysia.com
Dear Viewers in Christ, if you find this article edifying to you, please share with your friends or loved ones by using the social media plugs (Share, Email to this article). The Lord will surely bless you as you bless others. May the Lord's peace and love be with you.
References for picture:


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Wie nou nog nie bewus is dat Soros aan die stuur van sake is in SA nie, saam met al sy organisasies en agente nie, sal of dit "verwerp" of byvoeg as kwansuis as sameswerings, of dit bevestig. Die wat gesiggies wegdraai moet maar al die webtuistes en inligting deurgaan, en sal daar agtergekom word,… Continue reading Immigrante – Immigrants
Kategorie: EU, the UN and US financier George Soros
Kogh Brothers – Soros – Afghanistan War
A US military helicopter flies near the site of a massive explosion the night before near the Green Village in Kabul on September 3, 2019. * SEPTEMBER 18, 2019 On 18 September 2019, an organization backed by billionaire Charles Koch calling for an end to the war in Afghanistan. Americans for Prosperity and Concerned Veterans… Continue reading Kogh Brothers – Soros – Afghanistan War
Sweden – Raoul Wallenberg Institute – ANC – GEORGE SOROS – EU: OSIFE
Wallenberg Institute - Soros - Sweden - South Africa - EU //... The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law is named after Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who saved tens of thousands of Jews and other people at risk in Hungary at the end of World War II. Lena Hjelm-Wallén has over… Continue reading Sweden – Raoul Wallenberg Institute – ANC – GEORGE SOROS – EU: OSIFE
George Soros – OSF.SA – FW stigting – Grondeise: 1994
FW se verbintenisse met George Soros Kommunis asook Grondeise sedert 1994 - land reform and land claims - Dawood and George Soros. Zohra Dawood is aangestel as direkteur van die FW de Klerk Stigting se Sentrum vir Eenheid in Diversiteit vanaf 17 Oktober 2016. Zohra Dawood het grade in regte en 'n Meestersgraad in ekonomiese… Continue reading George Soros – OSF.SA – FW stigting – Grondeise: 1994
Cuba, Colombia, EU – George Soros (OSF)
George Soros, FARC, Norway, Cuba, the UN, and the European Union. 6 reasons why Colombia cannot declare "Sovereignty" on July 20. The July 20 celebration parade not only constitutes a vulgar histrionism about the true situation of diplomatic dependence on Colombia, but directly an explicit deception about the famished sovereignty of the territory in the face of… Continue reading Cuba, Colombia, EU – George Soros (OSF)
Foreign nationals – Orange Grove – looting and invasions
A group of residents went on the rampage on Sunday (18 August 2019), unlawfully evicting foreign nationals, accusing them of illegally occupying the houses and of dealing in drugs. Some foreign nationals in Orange Grove in Johannesburg have accused the police of just looking on while locals illegally invaded their homes and vandalized their… Continue reading Foreign nationals – Orange Grove – looting and invasions
Soros – Richard Gere – "Open Arms – Open Society"
""Open arms" - 10 August 2019 - Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini suggested Richard Gere fly 160 migrants stranded off the Italian coast back to Hollywood on his "private jet" after the actor made a plea to European leaders to find a port for the ship. Just look at all the cell phones, the good… Continue reading Soros – Richard Gere – "Open Arms – Open Society"
Kogh Brothers – George Soros – Cato Institute and others
Recently, according to Conservative Base, several dozen Roman Catholic theologians, priests and academics formally accused Pope Francis of spreading heresy and are suspicious of his relationship with American left-wing political figures such as multi-billionaire radical George Soros. Billionaires David and Charles Koch have been handed the ability to buy our democracy in the form of giant… Continue reading Kogh Brothers – George Soros – Cato Institute and others
Racism and discrimination – B-BBEE and land expropriation
B-BBEE is discrimination against only the white population in South Africa. What has happened since 1994 regarding economic transformation, all the protest actions, illegal immigrants, the attacks, raping and killing of our people, corruption, while black economic empowerment, landgrabs and the "recent" motion to take properties (all properties, not land only), as a start from… Continue reading Racism and discrimination – B-BBEE and land expropriation
OSF.SA (Open Society) (open borders)- George Soros
The Open Society Foundation for South Africa began its work in 1993, as the country was preparing for its first democratic elections the following year. But George Soros, chair and founder of the Open Society Foundations, had already been engaged in South Africa. In 1979 he launched a scholarship program for black South African students… Continue reading OSF.SA (Open Society) (open borders)- George Soros


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Setting Up Your Merchant Account For Online Payments
In terms of starting a credit card merchant account for the business online, the method might be downright confusing. There's much more now for it than simply identifying a merchant bank that will provide you with decent rates and nominal fees. Of course, you'll want to look around once and for all rates when it comes to your merchant bank but negotiating rates is just a small part of the commercial transaction cycle that you'll need to think about.There are several key components and services that comprise the ecommerce process. Merchant services, payment gateways, shopping carts, processors, all of it starts to get pretty complicated whenever you have a look at every one of the players involved. Let's recap the fundamental online payment process:A person visits your ecommerce website.Customer decides to make a purchase.The selection is put into the shopping cart.The consumer provides personal and financial details throughout the have a look at method that are recorded with a secure form.Details submitted in the form are transmitted to a payment gateway service, which can be apart from the shopping cart application technology. The gateway service securely routes the information from the relevant financial networks, as well as your merchant bank.When the transaction works, the customers' credit card account is debited and your merchant card account is credited.Once all funds have cleared, you happen to be then capable of transfer money to your ordinary business checking account.So, where can you start?Well, you are able to shop around for your various services required and when you've established your providers, hope that they can all integrate together that is unlikely (for example, your payment gateway will have to be compatible with your shopping cart and use your merchant card account). Or, you will find a comprehensive web payment solution that can help you to handle all of your credit card merchant account needs. A good, ecommerce provider will offer you shopping cart software, payment gateway and merchant card account services and the best providers aren't stuck just using an individual bank but tend to use several banks letting them negotiate the best rates for you depending on your small business type and transaction history.When looking for the proper provider, make certain you look for a PCI DSS compliant provider. PCI or perhaps the Payment Card Industry has standards to handle sensitive charge card data of course, if you and the provider cannot prove compliance, you could possibly suffer extra fees imposed by the merchant bank or you could lose the ability to take plastic card payment on your website altogether.More information about merchant account for travel agents please visit website: click here.