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Kano Model – Understanding what customers want using Kano Analysis
The Kano Analysis Model is definitely not referred to as often as it should be as its one powerhouse tool to really drill down into customers requirements, customer demands and customer preferences. It might not identify that the customer wants a hotel room, but it will identify all the features and functions customer expect when checking into a hotel room.
Designed by Dr Noriaki Kano in the 1980's, the Kano Analysis tool has since been adopted across a wide range of sectors and industries to support the design and development of services and products.
The Kano Model is a powerful tool to aid in the product/service design stage and is used to help identify the critical product features and service design features which will drive customer satisfaction. What Dr Nariaki Kano believed was that there were three factors or categories essential to all product/services designs that product teams need to consider.
These factors are made up of Basic, Satisfiers, and Delighter's.
(basic attributes, performance attributes, excitement attributes)
On the diagram above you can see that on the x-axis shows the level of different functionality and on the y-axis, you can see the level of customer satisfaction. The non-linear shape of the curve is in line with the economic theory which suggests that most people have such non-linear responses.
The idea is that we can use the framework to begin to identify how customers feel about certain features of the product or service.
A definition of the 3 main categories – MUST-HAVES, SATISFIERS and DELIGHTERS
A Must-Have factor is something that a customer simply expects to be there. If it is not present, the customer will be dissatisfied or disgusted. So when looking at customer experiences, it is critical to understand what these elements are.
These are also called Performance factors. At one extreme, these can disgust if not fully implemented correctly, but they can also delight if implemented correctly Often, the more of these the better.
These are the "WOW" factors, the excitement factor, something that the customer did not expect.
An example:
If we go back to the example of a hotel room, we all have clear expectations of services and products we expect to get when checking into a hotel room. We all expect clean sheets, clean towels, a bed which is made, a clean room.
But some also expect an iron and an ironing board, a TV and perhaps even a minibar and perhaps a kettle and coffee making facilities. Some might even expect a Nespresso machine, a flat-screen TV and free Wifi as a bare minimum.
So how would we begin to prioritize the features and understand how important they are for the customer? Well, this is where the Kano Model comes to life.
On the Kano Model, you can see the three categories of Must Have, Performance (Satisfiers) and Delighters. The idea therefore of the Kano Model is to begin to categorize the features customer have requested into one of these three categories.
The Kano factors are not static. They change over time as customer requirements and needs change. Free Wifi in a hotel was once a wow – today it is expected, it is a must-have (for me anyway!). Cruise control in your car was a "wow" once too – not its a Must-Have (for me anyway!).
To learn more about the Kano Model and to see some real examples, check out the video below and perhaps join our Lean Six Sigma Course
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When your photo is on point as is, just go ahead and post it up. It's a fresh blend of greenery and citrus with a hint of woodsy notes (8oz).
Top: Pear, Orange Blossom Mid: Coffee, Jasmine Base: Vanilla, Patchouli, Cedar
High-grade fragrance oils. Phthalate free. Cotton lead-free wick. Responsibly sustainable soy.
Burn time: Estimated at 25-100 hours depending on the size Keep wick to 1/4" and never leave burning candle unattended.

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A budget that punishes the unemployed and low income - Discussion on Radio National Drive
Yesterday I spoke about the federal budget with ABC Radio National Drive host Waleed Aly and the Liberal's Josh Frydenberg. Here's the full transcript:
Read more
SUBJECT/S: Tony Abbott's Budget of broken promises; manufactured debt crisis and debt levy; fuel excise indexation; budget impact of losing mining tax and carbon price; premiers angry about cuts to schools and hospitals funding
HOST WALEED ALY: What do you make of the Budget? The Prime Minister said it's tough and fair. The Opposition leader Bill Shorten says it is full of broken promises and bad news. Joining me now to thrash this out is Josh Frydenberg, Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister, and Shadow Assistant Treasurer, Andrew Leigh. To both of you, thank you very much for joining us.
SHADOW ASSISTANT TREASURER, ANDREW LEIGH: Pleasure.
JOSH FRYDENBERG: Good to be with you.
ALY: I might start with Josh, with this whole idea, the overarching aim of this, the overarching promise was to get the Budget back into shape. We had a fiscal crisis, a budget crisis, yet at the end of all this, the deficit has been reduced by $4.1 billion for the next year, which is not really crisis proportions. What happened to the crisis?
Discussing the federal budget and impact on Canberra - ABC 666
SUBJECT/S: Budget: Australian Public Service cuts bigger than promised and impact on ACT; Zed Seselja; Infrastructure spending ignores public transport; State schools and hospitals budgets slashed and prospect of a rise in the GST
HOST GENEVIEVE JACOBS: Let's do some excavation on what the budget means for the Territory's economy. The Member for Fraser, Andrew Leigh, is on the line. Andrew Leigh, good morning to you.
SHADOW ASSISTANT TREASURER, ANDREW LEIGH: Good morning Genevieve. How are you?
JACOBS: I'm well. Now there's a lot of heavy lifting here according to the Treasurer. Does Canberra end up with the hernia?
LEIGH: I think we do Genevieve. I mean we were the place that was targeted the most by the Coalition's pre-election promises and I think the place that was most entitled to think that was as bad as it was going to get, that when Zed Seselja said there would be 12,000 public service job cuts that there actually would be 12,000 job cuts, not 16,500.
Read more
Media Release - Abbott breaks promises, Seselja makes excuses
Andrew Leigh, Gai Brodtmann and Senator Kate Lundy have condemned the Abbott Government's first budget as an attack on Canberra that Liberal Senator Zed Seselja has failed to stop.
The Abbott Government will cut 16,500 jobs from the Australian Public Service, with over 7000 of those jobs slated to go in the next financial year.
This is an even bigger cut than the Coalition promised. It demonstrates that Senator Seselja is a limp defender of Canberra.
Read more
Hockey's left us with broken eggs but not an omelette in sight - Published in The Guardian
In her terrific book Dirt Cheap, the late Elisabeth Wynhausen decided to take leave from her journalism job and try life as a low-wage worker. In one job, Wynhausen moved to a country town and worked packing eggs. She earned near minimum wage in a job that started at 6am, left her body aching at the end of the day, and where the smell from the nearby chook sheds was constant. Three weeks in, the manager, a millionaire several times over, came to tell the workers they were losing their jobs.
I thought of Wynhausen's story again last night as I looked at the budget papers.
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A budget for cigar-chomping plutocrats - Breaking Politics transcript
SUBJECT/S: Budget to axe or privatise Commonwealth agencies; Deficit levy.
CHRIS HAMMER: Well, the federal budget is now just one day away and you have to wonder what's left to announce, so comprehensively has features of it been leaked during the past week or more. Joining me to discuss it is Andrew Leigh, the member for Fraser here in the ACT, the Labor member.
SHADOW ASSISTANT TREASURER, ANDREW LEIGH: Morning Chris.
HAMMER: Also Shadow Assistant Treasurer. So a big week for you. And from Brisbane, Andrew Laming, the Federal Member for Bowman. Andrew Leigh to you first, the stories in the papers today are about cutting or merging government agencies and depending on which paper you believe, somewhere between 50 and 70 government agencies are going to be either abolished or merged. If that's delivering the same services with greater efficiencies, surely that's something to be supported.
LEIGH: That's a big 'if' Chris. We look at the Preventative Health Agency, an agency which is investing and making sure that we reduce of rates of obesity, rates of smoking – including cigar smoking – and other preventable health conditions. We look at Indigenous Business Australia which is aiming to increase the number of entrepreneurs in the Indigenous community. These are just some of the agencies that are on the chopping block with no clear plans to replace them. Then there's the expert agencies. [This is] a government that thinks it doesn't need experts to provide advice on climate change. Now we've seen the National Water Commission being cut into and corporate advisory groups which provide vital advice to governments on markets. You just let it all rip, guided only by your big business donors and your gut. Good governments take advice from great experts and they draw-in a wide range of views which is why these bodies were established.Read more
Federal cuts to hurt South Australian charities
Minister for Business Services and Consumers Gail Gago today called on the Abbott Government to abandon its plans to axe the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission (ACNC).
Ms Gago today joined Federal Shadow Assistant Treasurer Andrew Leigh and Uniting Communities Chief Executive Simon Schrapel to highlight the potential of the ACNC to cut red tape and support the work of local charities.
"Charities need a nationally consistent approach, which is why the ACNC is so important," she said.
"The charities commission strengthens organisations that work with some of our most vulnerable citizens.
Read more
Abbott Government intends to scrap it but SA should support the charities commission
Six years ago, as he was taking on the job of Anglicare CEO, former premier Lynn Arnold said that the job of the charity should be ''to empower and leave alive the spirit of aspiration in people''.
It's a simple line that perfectly sums up the valuable work being done in not-for-profits across Australia.
Lynn Arnold may be an exceptional leader, but his decision to devote a significant stage of his post-political career to charitable work shows something that is common in South Australians – a commitment to a vibrant community sector.
To ensure that this sector remains strong, Federal Labor in 2012 established the Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission.Read more
Shoppers at risk of paying twice as much for groceries
Federal Labor urges the Abbott Government to act on new research claiming supermarkets are not complying with a national unit pricing code and are therefore hurting consumers.
It's up to the Government to verify the research and enforce unit pricing so consumers can get the benefit of competition.
Unit pricing involves retailers providing a price per unit measurement on the price tag, for example – dollars per kilogram – in addition to the sale price.
Under the code, unit pricing information must be prominent and legible, in close proximity to the selling price and unambiguous.Read more
Senate inquiry shows lack of support for regressive ACNC repeal
MEDIA RELEASERead more
No support for Government's regressive ACNC repeal
Public submissions to the Senate inquiry into the abolition of the Australian Charities and Not for Profits Commission (ACNC) have been clear in sending a message to the Abbott Government not to scrap the Commission.
In March, the Senate referred the ACNC (Repeal) (No. 1) Bill 2014 to the Senate Economics Legislation Committee for inquiry and report. Submissions closed on Friday with a range of organisations including The Shepherd Centre, Australian Women's Health Network and Associated Christian Schools having their say about the important role the Commission has played for the sector.
Organisations have labelled the repeal legislation a backward step and criticized the lack of consultation with the sector about the changes.
Media Release - Canberra concerned by Racial Discrimination Act changes - Wednesday 30 April
MICHELLE ROWLAND MP, SHADOW MINISTER FOR CITIZENSHIP AND MULTICULTURALISM and MEMBER FOR GREENWAY
ANDREW LEIGH MP, SHADOW ASSISTANT TREASURER and MEMBER FOR FRASER
Members of Canberra's multicultural community are concerned by the Abbott Government's plans to weaken the Racial Discrimination Act, ACT MLA Chris Bourke said today.
Dr Bourke was speaking after attending the Canberra Multicultural Community Forum last night where a range of community leaders condemned the Government's proposed watering-down of the Racial Discrimination Act.
"Giving a green light to racial abuse will have dire consequences for our country and people targeted including increased mental and other health issues," Dr Bourke said.
The forum also heard from Dr Helen Watchirs, the ACT Human Rights and Discrimination Commissioner; Australian National University law professor Simon Rice; and Mr Rod Little, chair of the ACT Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elected Body.
"Protection against racist hate speech is fundamental to Australia's success as a multicultural nation," said Dr Andrew Leigh, who was among the 50 Canberrans at last night's forum.
"If the Government bothered to properly consult with the community, as the Opposition is doing, then it might come to appreciate the lasting damage that racism has on many individuals and why these proposed changes to the Racial Discrimination Act are so abhorrent," said Shadow Minister for Citizenship and Multiculturalism, Michelle Rowland.
Ms Rowland encouraged people to tell the Abbott Government what they think of the proposed changes by sending a submission to email@example.com. Submissions close today.


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Daniel (Danny) J. Bell focuses his practice on domestic and international estate, gift and income tax planning. He has assisted clients with cutting-edge estate, income and gift tax mitigation strategies, including domestic and offshore tax compliance, tax controversy and litigation, pre-immigration, expatriation and business succession planning, estate and trust administration, as well as family multigenerational wealth preservation. Danny has also advised high-net-worth individuals with sophisticated tax and wealth transfer planning and implementation.
- American Bar Association, Tax Section
Georgetown University Law Center, LLM, with distinction, 2014
College of William and Mary School of Law, JD, cum laude, 2013
Elon University, BS, summa cum laude, 2010
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The Haka with its origins in the mists of time is still today an integral part of New Zealand culture and its performance is recognized globally. It is respected by the majority of New Zealanders as an icon of their country.
The Haka can be best described as a set of dance postures using primarily legs and arms combined with facial grimaces and contortions plus verse and song. It is performed with passion and intensity and was once dance choreographed to challenge and instill fear into the hearts of opposing warriors. It is also ceremonially used to welcome distinguished visitors and in the form of Kapa Haka as entertainment.
Have you watched the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team performing their pre-test match Haka? If you are familiar with the Haka then hopefully this warrior will evoke a vision of such an emotional stirring sight.
—Rex Homan
Te Rarawa, Ngāti Paoa, Te Ātiawa
(1940- )
Rex Homan was born 1940 in Thames, New Zealand of Māori, Irish and Scottish ancestry. He lived in Auckland in his early years before moving to the Bay of Plenty. Rex has earned international recognition as a wood sculptor in the 1960s and 1970s and began working in bronze in the 1980s. His current work is influenced by the culture of the Pacific and displays uniqueness in its diversity of form and dramatic flow of lines. Rex has exhibited in solo, group and jury shows. He has won several national awards for "National Wood Skills" and is represented in corporate and private collections worldwide.
© 2020 Spirit Wrestler Gallery. All Rights Reserved.


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After all the uncertainty in the UK we will have some sort of progress in that we will have an election putting the voters at least briefly in charge. Whether that will solve things is open to debate but let us take a look at what the economic situation will be should the UK start to actually Brexit from the European Union. The NIESR has looked at it and the BBC has put it in dramatic terms.
Boris Johnson's Brexit deal will leave the UK £70bn worse off than if it had remained in the EU, a study by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) has found.
That is a rather grand statement which fades a little if we read the actual report which starts like this.
The economic outlook is clouded by significant economic and political uncertainty and depends critically on the United Kingdom's trading relationships after Brexit. Domestic economic weakness is further amplified by slowing global demand.
The latter is somewhere between very little and nothing to do with Brexit. We are in a situation where the 0.3% quarterly GDP growth declared by France this morning looks good in the circumstances.
This brings us to the first problem which is that the NIESR is predicting that sort of growth for the UK.
On the assumption that chronic uncertainty persists but the terms of EU trade remain unchanged, we forecast economic growth of under 1½ per cent in 2019 and 2020, though the forecast is subject to significant uncertainty.
So where is the loss? As it happens they have predicted 1.4% economic growth which is as fast as the economy supposedly can grow these days according to the Bank of England.
We think our economy can only grow at a new, lower speed limit of around one-and-a-half per cent a year. We also currently think actual demand is growing close to this speed limit. This means demand can't grow faster than at its current pace without causing prices to start rising too quickly.
I am no great fan of this type of analysis but remember we are in the Ivory Tower Twilight Zone here. Now let us factor in the problems the Ivory Towers tell us about business investment.
Prior to the EU referendum, UK business investment growth was growing in line with average growth across the rest of the G7. Since then, it has risen by just 1% in the UK, compared to an average of 12% elsewhere……..DMP Survey data suggest that the level of nominal investment may be between 6%–14% lower than it would have been in the absence of Brexit uncertainties. ( Bank of England August Inflation Report)
So there is potentially quite a bit of business investment growth in the offing. How much? I do not know but it could quite easily be a sizeable swing. That view rather collides with the statement below from the NIESR.
We would not expect economic activity to be boosted by the approval of the government's proposed Brexit deal. We estimate that, in the long run, the economy would be 3½ per cent smaller with the deal compared to continued EU membership.
So the business investment was not held back but lost forever?
They do however seem to have a rather extraordinary faith in the power of a 0.25% interest-rate cut.
In our main-case forecast scenario, economic conditions are set to continue roughly as they are, with output close to capacity but underlying growth remaining weak and well under its historic trend. Real wage growth is supporting consumer spending, but weak productivity growth means that the current pace of expansion may not be sustainable. Rising domestic cost pressures are offset to some extent by slower import price growth and CPI inflation is forecast to remain close to target. In line with our previous forecasts, fiscal policy is being loosened. This, together with an expected cut in Bank Rate next year, is supporting economic growth in the near term.
Odd that because surely we would not be here if interest-rate cuts had that sort of effect. Looser fiscal policy does seem to be on the cards whatever government we get next and the rising real wages point is interesting as it means they are not expecting a fall on the value of the UK Pound £.
Also there is very little there which is anything to do with Brexit at all. I note that they have no idea what inflation will do so they simply say it will be in line with its target. Indeed
underlying growth remaining weak and well under its historic trend.
is where we are these days and economic growth being supported by fiscal policy makes us sound the same as France which last time I checked is not Brexiting at all.
Finally we do get to a proposed loss.
Compared to our main-case forecast, uncertainty would be lifted but customs and regulatory barriers would hinder goods and services trade with the continent, leaving all regions of the United Kingdom worse off than they would be if the UK stayed in the EU.


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One of Van der Neer's most accomplished evocations of wintry light, it is one of several scenes in which the artist depicts falling snow. Flickering dabs of white paint highlight the branches of trees, lightly powder the shoulders of some of the figures and lie scattered on the rough ground. The sparse landscape, and bent trees and figures convey the impression of wind and cold, while the sudden burst of light escaping from slate-coloured clouds suggests the eerie light of snowfall.
The Wallace Collection
oil on canvas
H 61 x W 75 cm
Accession number
Acquisition method
acquired by Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford by 1866; bequeathed to the nation by Lady Wallace, 1897
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Bsc, Nutritionist – Dietitian
Nutritionist – Dietitian, Graduate of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics of the Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki. She continued her training in Clinical Nutrition through Distance Learning Program at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, as well as in Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents with a Certification from the National Center for Eating Disorders, UK.
Since 2012 she has been working as a Dietitian – Nutritionist, making specialized diet programs and giving nutrition advice in children and adults. Very often she writes about Nutrition in websites and newspapers. She worked in nutrition offices in Thessaloniki and Kozani, and since 2014 she has been working for Vita4you.gr. In particular, she writes health articles for its Blog, while editing texts for the site and product descriptions, in accordance with the latest European laws. For many years he worked at Vita4you.gr's store, providing daily advice to its clientele. In addition, she is involved in the management of social media.
She has participated in conferences and in the Pan-Hellenic research "The ADONUT Study" of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, on the Evaluation of the relationship between dietary habits and the nutritional status of Greek adolescents for nutritional intervention, being responsible for the Department of Grevena. This has also been published in the Clinical Obesity Journal.
She has been attending a number of seminars and online nutrition courses at Universities in Europe and USA, and is following the latest developments in the field of cosmetology, earning in 2016 the title of "Vichy and La Roche Posay Certified Counselor".
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Types of punches used in die making in the metal industry, its design and repair.
In all the dies – or matrices – used in the metal industry, there is a punch between its components. Inside a die, the punch is held in the punch holder plate and its function is to combine with the blade – or cutter – and form covers – or another element – from a tin strip, which is fed transversely to the press on which it is mounted.
The types of punches is one of the most important parts of the die, since it is this piece that performs the most significant work. The punch performs various tasks. The main ones are made by your lip – see figure # 1 – and these are:
– Make the cut of the material by means of the impact of its "cutting edge" against the edge of the blade.
– Hold the cut material firmly against the upper surface of the presser ring while the piece is being formed. This is done with the base of his "lower lip".
– By means of the "radius of his lip", facilitate the flow of the external part of the material towards the interior, for the formation of the appropriate profile of the lid or inlaid container that it produces.
– Determine the outer diameter of the cap – or container –, which is controlled by the diameter of the "internal part of the lip" of the punch.
– Virtually all the elements that make up the upper part of the die are mounted inside the punch or around it.
Figure nº 1: Section of the typical shape of a punch and designation of the parts of its lip
Figure No. 1 reproduces the classic silhouette of a cutting punch for covers / bottoms. The fundamental part of it is the lower area or lip, and on it appear the critical points, contact between it and the tin or material used to manufacture the product to be obtained.
Throughout this work we will discuss in detail the importance of them, their design and maintenance. In fact, its characteristics vary depending on the use to which the die is destined.
A first classification of the types of punches used in this industry, can be made depending on the use of the same. So you can talk about:
– A: Punches for covers / bottoms. Employed in the manufacture of these elements, they are characterized by having a thin lip, as a result of the little difference between the cutting diameter and the outside of the lid. They are usually made in one piece.
– B: Punches for capsules and sausage packaging. That is to say, the employees for covers for glass jars, low-height sausage containers or the first operation of DRD or DWI type containers. The height of the skirt of the piece obtained allows the lip of the punch to have a thick wall. Normally they are built in several pieces, mounted concentrically in each other.
They could also be classified according to the type of tool on which they are mounted, such as:
– A: Punches for dies equipped with guide columns. They are mounted on a plate with punches and have the shape shown in figure 5.
– B: Punches for dies without columns, or assembly in the air. They usually have a handle or punch holder that allows its attachment to the press. Its configuration is as shown in figure 2
Another classification is in relation to the degree of hardness that is given. So they can be:
– A: Soft punches. They are heat treated so that they remain at a hardness of 40-42 HRc. They are used in pairs with steel blades of hardness 60 – 62 HRc, their maintenance is easy and they are used mainly for non-round fabrications and low productions. We will return to this later.
– B: Hard punches. They are made of non-deformable steel for tools and are treated at around 60 HRc. They are used with steel blades or better with tungsten carbide insert. Its use is widespread for large productions.
In this work we will start with a classification based on its use.
We have already said that they have a thin lip. Your critical area, which requires careful attention is this lip. To study them in more detail, we will do it according to their final hardness.
1º.- SOFT OR SEMI-TEMPERED PUNCHES
They are the ones that their employment goes back to the beginnings of this industry. They are made of chrome-nickel steel, which can be supplied pre-treated to the final hardness of 40 – 42 HRc, which allows total mechanization using the appropriate tools, thus facilitating its final finish by not having to submit the piece after treatment. thermal.
They form a working pair with steel blades, harder than punches – 60 to 62 HRc – made of non-deformable steel for tools. The working time between repairs of these punches is shorter than their blades.
Its use is very useful for rectangular, oval or non-round shaped dies. The great advantage is that it facilitates the machining of the profile of the cutting edge, which is usually complex, based on compound radius and straight curves, since its Hardness allows a touch-up work by hand in the bank by the mechanic adjuster, making use of adjustment jigs. It is also usable this type of punches for tools of little use, for its economy.
Its design is of the type indicated in figure 2. It has a work lip with an angle of 12º for dies of rectangular shape and something more – 15º or 16º – for rounds, and a radius of approximately 1 mm. If you want to save steel, you can place the handle or porta-punch, carbon steel.
Figure No. 2: Soft die for rectangular covers 1/4 club
The main weakness of this types of punches is the reduced life of its cutting edge, since it wears easily. Each time this happens we must proceed to redo it and this entails a reduction of its height. When decreasing this dimension, it is also necessary to adjust the heights of the pieces that are inside it. To do this, inside the punch, and below the center of it, is placed a shim that is reduced in height every time you need to rebuild the end of the lip. Another option for round punches, is to initially leave a thick wall in its base, which serves as a support to the center piece thereof, so that it can be recessed when required.
Due to the above-mentioned characteristics, the use of these punches should be limited to when working with materials – tinplate or TFS – of low temperature, as this way the time of use, without the need of maintenance, will be greater.
Semi-hardened punch repair (40 – 43 Rockwell C)
When the repair of these punches is required, proceed as follows:
- A) Machine the mouth of the punch at an angle of 30º and obtain a flat surface of 1.5 mm with this inclination. before emphasizing.
- B) Reinforce the mouth section of the punch sufficiently, so that the outside of the punch can be rectified to the correct dimension in a height of at least 2.5 mm., And that the inside diameter of the punch can be rectified to the appropriate dimension if it is necessary. The object of this upsetting is to increase the cutting diameter, to subsequently be properly adjusted to the diameter of the matrix. Starting from the base that this stress is made on cold steel, if proper care is taken, there may be fractures in the lip of the punch. It is preferable to perform the upset in two or three series of small strokes, rather than execute the final series of strokes of greater intensity. It is important to turn the punch slowly while hitting, so that the blows of the hammer do not produce marks in the same place, so we will obtain a new lip of the punch in two turns or passes.
In the case of small fractures in the lip of the punch when performing this task, it is necessary to machine this area until the fracture disappears, and then again proceed to repeat the upset. It is very important that the hitting surface of the hammer is as smooth as possible. The hammer to be used must be between 0.5 to 1 Kgr.
- C) Check if the punch seat surface is flat and free of burrs, and correct if necessary the defective conditions. A suggested method for grinding the back surface of the punch is to place, after the upsetting operation, first the punch with this back surface on the flat grinding machine to grind the stressed surface, and then reverse the punch and grind the surface later. When mounting the punch for these grinding operations, care must be taken that the cylindrical surface of the mounting or fitting area remains square with the rear surface of the punch.
- D) Mount the punch on the cylindrical grinding machine, centering from the punch center seat and check whether the outer and inner diameters are concentric and check their dimension, rectifying them, if required, to the specified means.
- E) It is necessary to adjust heights, either by lowering the one of the internal shim where the center of the punch seats, or if it is not of this design to deepen the center seat directly on the punch. Re-check the assembly of the punch with the indicator to make sure it has not moved, and finish the grinding of the seat. The deepening of the seat of the shim or the center of the punch may be necessary to correct a defect in the surface, or to restore the height between this seat and the face of the punch. In connection with this, the length of all the mounting screws should be checked to avoid the possibility of them remaining long in their threaded holes.
- F) It is important, in the case of dies of double dies, that the seats of the centers of punch or shims, are at the same level of height when mounting said punches, in order to obtain correct funds in both matrices. The height from the back face of the punches to the seats of the centers must therefore be within the specified tolerances. An indication of a checking method can be seen in Figure 3
Figure nº 3: Checking heights in a punch
In this drawing the punch that is presented is devoid of handle.
G) After the 2.5 mm adjustment zone between the punch and the blade, the diameter of the punch must be reduced by 0.15 mm in an approximate length of 15 mm, from the front face of the punch. This is done to limit the friction of the cutting edge of the blade and of the treads on the walls of the punch. As for the latter, the same effect is produced by internally lowering the tread lip and filling it with a brass weld bead that is a soft material. In the case of dies for non-round caps this latter solution is easier to perform.
H) When the angle of the mouth of the punch is rectified, it is advisable to leave a small flat and horizontal area, a few tenths of a millimeter on the edge of the cutting edge to reinforce it and do not nick easily. As we have already indicated, this angle is about 12º for rectangular punches and something else for rounds. In any case, it must be exactly the same for the presser ring, to ensure an adequate ironing of the material during the punching operation.
We must take special care when redoing the degrees in a rectangular punch in the area of the four corners, because if we do not take precaution we can eliminate too much material in this area, and when the wing of the lid is formed it will not leave it with its proper inclination, appearing the raised edge of it.
The last important step of adjusting the punch has to be the formation of the radius. It can be made by hand and with special stones in its grain and properly lubricated. The radius must be perfectly polished and its value between 0.75 mm to 1.25 mm.
I) When the rectification or repair has been completed, the concentricity of the punch diameters must be checked before removing it from the machine tool. See figure # 4
Figure nº 4: Diameter concentricity check on a punch
A good part of the indications expressed here are also valid when the punches are intended for capsules or sausage containers. We will return on it.
2º.- HARD PUNCHES
They are the type of punches of more generalized use. Its use is convenient provided it is a format of large production caps. They are made of non-deformable steel for tools and their hardness is of the order of 60 HRc. The blades used with them can be steel, of slightly higher hardness, – 62 HRc – or better of the type that incorporates a carbide insert in the cutting area.
Its design is of the type indicated in figure No. 5. The measurements bounded on it are expressed in inches. The fundamental differences with a soft punch, besides its hardness, are:
– The inclination of the cutting lip, which increases up to about 30 °
– The radius of this lip that is also usually made somewhat larger, of the order of 1.25 mm
– In flattening of the cutting edge, which is reduced to about 0.25 mm
Figure nº 5: Typical hard punch for funds
Other variations are usually:
– Removing the handle or punch holder.
– To be a piece without bottom, to facilitate its rectification and assembly.
These last differences are imposed by the design of the die as a whole, since hard punches are always used on tools with guide columns and are also at least double punch.
Repair of hardened punches (61 – 62 Rockwell C)
When using hard punches, the adjustment procedure is less complicated than for semi-hard punches. The following steps should be taken:
Measure the wear of the internal diameter of the punch. If it is found that it is worn up to 0.04 mm in excess of the maximum manufacturing limit, that is to say if the inner face of the "punch" lip – the one that forms the curl of the wing of the cap – presents a wear – increase in diameter – greater than 0.04 mm, the lip must be reconstructed – yes it allows – or the piece rejected. You also have to check the cutting edge if it keeps its edge alive or requires grinding.
The rectification of the mouth of the punch, to form a new cutting edge, will be done in a cylindrical grinding machine, having to remove the necessary material to obtain a new clean and sharp edge. The punches of the double matrices must be rectified to the same length. To restore the original height of their faces from their seat on the punch-holder plate, it is advisable to use inserts with a minimum thickness of 0.40 mm. Efforts will be made to keep the number of supplements to a minimum
Before removing the punch from the grinding machine, the radius of the lip must be rectified, taking it to the correct specification, – a good value can be 1.25 mm – join it with the adjacent surfaces and polish it thoroughly. It is not recommended to fix the radio by hand, because this method will produce an irregular and eccentric radio, which can create problems in production. Hard punches for bottoms have a tendency to wear out their diameter after producing approximately 10 million units per punch.
Although it is not very frequent, the lip of the mouth of a hard punch can be stressed or riveted. With this method, enough material is added to increase the outer diameter of the punch, allowing it to be rectified to the original diameter. In the drawing No. 6 this method is detailed, which differs with that used for semi-tempered punches discussed above.
Figure nº 6: Primed of a tempered punch
The inner diameter of the punch is not affected by this increase in material during riveting. Once the grinding is finished, the concentricity of the punch should be checked before removing it from the machine tool, as explained before in figure 4
Whether it is stressed or not, it must always be fulfilled that in the punch, the rear surfaces of the punch and its cutting edge must be perfectly flat and parallel to each other. Maximum admissible error 0.05 mm. The lip of the punch normally has a 30 ° inclination and must exactly match that of the ironing ring. For this, they must be rectified together, using the same adjustment of the grinding machine. The cutting edge must have a small flat and horizontal surface of 0.25 mm. approximately in width. The value of the cutting diameter must be maintained at least in a section of 2.5 mm, then it is usually lowered to reduce contact with the edge of the blade. (See figure # 7)
Figure nº 7: Details of the cutting edge of a hard punch and its overlap with the blade
As we have already indicated, they are characterized by having a thick lip wall. This is possible because the difference between the diameter of the cutting edge and that of the side of the piece that forms is important, all the more the height of said side. Therefore they are very robust and are generally made up of more than one piece. As in the case of punches for tapas, we will study them according to their hardness
1º.- SOFT OR SEMI-TEMPERED PUNCHES
One could repeat almost the same considerations as those made above for punches intended for caps, it is valid what has already been said about the steel to be used, its hardness, design, characteristics of the blades to be used, etc.
If it is worth noting that these punches are usually made in two pieces. An exterior, which is where the cutting edge, which meets the properties of hardness, etc., and another interior in the form of internal shirt is located This second piece, which has the mission to iron and shape the wall of the capsule or container against the center of the matrix, is constructed of non-deformable steel for tools, treated at a hardness superior to the outer body – of the order of 55 HRc -. The same, perfectly polished in the whole area of contact with the tinplate, has a longer life, since it presents less wear and tear and does not have to submit it as many times as the exterior to the repair operation of its inner diameter, although of its height and radio. In figure No. 8 a punch for capsules of this type is presented.
Repair of semi-hardened punches for capsules or sausage packaging :
When it comes to punches for this use, proceed as follows:
First of all, make the upsetting as indicated above, that is, with the same procedure as for a cover / fund punch. See drawing no. 8
Figure nº 8: Primed of a punch for capsules
Once the upsetting has been carried out, the second step is to carry out the grinding of the punch lip with its corresponding degrees and to adjust the external diameter thereof to the cutting die. An appropriate angle of the punch lip is 10 °
ajustar el diámetro exterior del mismo a la matriz de corte. Un ángulo adecuado del labio del punzón es de 10 º
As an adjustment criterion, a slight pressure on the die must be required to fit inside the punch. A perfect polishing of the ground surface is absolutely necessary.
The third step is the formation of the working radius of the lip. Usually the radius is made by hand using a hand stone with the appropriate grain and properly lubricated. Radios between 0.75 and 1.25 mm give good results. The variation of the value of this radius can sometimes be used to increase or decrease the height of the wall of the capsule or container.
In the usual procedure to perform the radio is to check the sample shell, which was returned by the Production department next to the die, when it was taken out of service. If the length of the skirt of the capsule (height of the capsule) is good in this sample, the same radius will be maintained in the punches repaired. For these manufactured, the realization of small radii should be done very carefully, because a too small radius can produce partial fractures in the tin, or also cause excessive "earning" (orejeado) at the edge of the skirt.
It is very important to finish the spokes in the proper way and with a very fine polishing, with special sandpaper, if possible already used and lubricated, and above all using a system that does not cause wear inside the punch.
2º.- HARD PUNCHES
They are also the type of punches most used especially for sausage packaging. Like the covers, they are made of non-deformable steel for tools and their hardness is of the order of 60 HRc
Its design can be made in one piece, or in three. This last option is the most advisable. Figure 9 presents a section of this option. In this case, it consists of:
– A: The main body of the punch, which incorporates the cutting edge
– B: A forming supplement or interior insert, which iron the material and defines the outer diameter of the container. In this piece is very important the radius of your lip, where the material slides.
– C: A shim that allows to perfectly flush the faces of the two previous pieces and that make up the lower part of the punch.
Figure nº 9: Hard punch in three pieces
Parts A and B are treated – hard – and the shoes are not. Once adjusted, they are joined together by screws.
Repair of hardened punches (61 – 62 Rockwell C)
When the cutting edge has worn out, you can proceed as follows:
– A: Remove the punch and unscrew its parts.
– B: Rectify the cutting surface of his main body, redoing the edge of the mass.
– C: If the training complement keeps its radius and internal face within specifications, do not perform any action on it.
– D: Lower the height of the shim the same value as that eliminated in the punch grinding operation.
– E: If it is necessary to redo the radius of the forming complement, it will be necessary to take into account its final height to determine the height of the shim.
– F: Once the three pieces are assembled again, it is necessary to check their perfect alignment, so that the cutting surface is exactly destroyed. If this is not the case, one final final pass will be required.
We do not go into details of how to perform these operations in the maintenance workshop, as they are analogous to those indicated above.
Semi-treated punches, both for covers / bottoms and for embedded capsules / containers, can be pressed or riveted directly onto the press. This procedure is more imprecise than that carried out in the maintenance workshop and that has already been explained above, but it is valid for small repairs, and thus the frequent disassembly of the die and its shipment to the workshop is avoided. Therefore it can be used several times before resorting to its disassembly.
This method of upsetting varies in each plant and depends somewhat on the experience of the production mechanics. Some use what is commonly known as "lentil" – a kind of flat hammer that facilitates its introduction between punch and matrix – others use a steel bar, a hammer or a special device that lodges in the blade.
The aim is to slightly increase the outer diameter of the cutting edge of the punch, using any of these methods. But care must be taken not to press too large, because the life of the die would be reduced.
Then, when the punch penetrates for the first time in the blade, it eliminates the small amount of excess metal from the edge of the punch and thus the same is remade. The punch must be stressed exactly enough so that a recessed surface is obtained when the punch enters the cutting blade, since excessive flash has the tendency to damage the cutting edge of the blade and shorten the life of the punch.
The punches should be riveted just enough so that they are returned to the cutting diameter without hardly losing material. This can be done by staggering and cutting a template – for example paper – between each stage to determine if additional adjustment is needed, in order to obtain a perfect template.
If this practice is followed, the costs of repair of the dies will be reduced considerably.


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Shadow Wolf Mysteries - Tracks of Terror 1.0
Shadow Wolf Mysteries - Tracks of Terror invites you to join the hunt in a supernatural adventure. For centuries, the De Lupe family has protected the city of Gévaudan using the strength granted by their werewolf curse. Now it is time for the next generation to take over. You will follow young Pierre who will either choose to shoulder his father's burden or take a chance with a new cure to free his family from their curse forever.
Info updated on:


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The portrait of financial stress among today's employees may not look like employers think it does, because it doesn't belong only to employees on the low end of the pay scale.
Certainly, employees living paycheck-to-paycheck without enough in an emergency fund to cover unexpected expenses are financially stressed. But there are many more employees who experience financial stress – those who may be able to cover basic needs, but are not able to meet a myriad of other financial responsibilities they have, such as elder care and medical bills. While it happens in varying degrees, nearly every employee wants some type of relief from their financial stress, and employers can help. Relieving some of employees' financial stress enables them to be more productive, engaged employees.
In this webcast, we will:


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By Anthony Caruso III | Publisher
Long-time NHL goaltender Roberto Luongo has announced his decision to retire on Wednesday. He made the announcement in an open letter to the fans on NHL.com
The 40-year-old Montreal, Quebec, Canada native played for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers, and the Vancouver Canucks. He spent 11 years of his career with the Panthers.
"This is one of the toughest decisions I've faced in my life and it took me a long time to make it," Luongo wrote in the online post. "After thinking about it, a lot over the past two months, and listening to my body, I made up my mind. It just feels like the right time for me to step away from the game. I love the game so much, but the commitment I required to prepare, to keep my body ready, has become overwhelming. Since I had my hip surgery a couple of years ago, I've been showing up two hours before every practice and three hours before every game to work on my hip.
"Even at night, whether it was the night before a game or even a night off, there I was rolling out, doing strengthening exercises. My entire life revolved around recovery, strengthening and making sure I was ready to go the next day. I was willing to make that sacrifice because I love the game, I love being part of it, being in the action and competing with my teammates. I was willing to go through it all for my love of hockey."
This season, his last in the league, he had 43 appearances, including 40 starts. He went 18-16-5, while also had an .899 save percentage and a 3.12 goals against average.


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Max: 'Hopefully next year every track will be a Red Bull circuit'
Published on 17 December 2019 by Kees-Jan Koster
Max Verstappen flew Monday night to Austria, where he and Dr. Helmut Marko on behalf of Aston Martin Red Bull Racing were invited to the TV programme Sport & Talk of ServusTV. During programme from within Hangar 7 a variety of subjects were discussed, of which also the death of Niki Lauda in May.
Max says: "Niki has achieved so much in his live, I hope to be able to do that too. He was a real, pure driver with a massive career. That is what he lived for and I respect that a lot. He was kind and open. His passing was a huge loss, not only for Austria."
Looking back at last Formula 1 season, Dr. Helmut Marko says about Red Bull: "We have taken a lesson and next year we will not have any excuses. Our Honda power is top, Max is also top so now we have to deliver a good chassis. At the moment we are two weeks ahead of our schedule. It goes better than ever before."
Max, who won three Grand Prix in 2019, adds: "Of course I want to win more races in a season. We hope to be able to compete for the world championship straight from the beginning of the season."
Max, whose contract with Red Bull runs until 2020, does not look any further ahead: "I am really positive. I feel well within Red Bull, and everything goes really well and that is the most important in the end. We all want to win together. I am relaxed and feel well within the team. I want to win with Red Bull."
In Austria there were tens of thousands of orange Dutch fans. You do not have to guess who the Dutch Grand Prix on Circuit Zandvoort will look like in May 2020. Max: "It will look amazing with all those Dutch fans. Hopefully we can overtake in the Formula 1 cars at the updated track, and hopefully we will perform well." Do you think Zandvoort is a Red Bull circuit that will suit you well? "Hopefully next year every track will be a Red Bull circuit", concludes Max.


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Reflecting upon the related problems of Covid-19, racism, and climate crisis, integrating thoughts from a few previous postings ( i.e. here; here; here; here; and here ) could offer some perspective. Continue reading
It's Happening, Continually
Have you ever called customer support only to hear the sound of a recorded message, " you are (or your call is) very important to us…" So, you wait and wait for an actual person who you hope might be of some help. As you wait you are feed sales pitch upon sales pitch to purchase more of what the company sells. Yes, your call is an opportunity for the business you are calling to get more from you—of course your call is important to them! Continue reading
Who's for Business?
It seems opposition to proposals intended to help the greater mass of people, such as providing a livable wage or ensuring healthcare for all or having regulations that ensure a healthy and safe environment, quite often is that they would not be good for business. It does seem that business is opposed to being helpful to people in society, which is consistent with Milton Friedman's (neoliberal) contention that a business enterprise has no responsibility apart from maximizing profit and shareholder value (over the next quarter).
So, who's for business? Continue reading
Results Obsessed
We appear to be obsessed with results (further explained here)—the outcome of our activities—while we generally give little attention to the activity itself. Why? Continue reading
We Are Human
Why has the use of analytics seemingly become the key tool of those in management? Why the unfettered use of analytics? Continue reading
Avoid Change in the Extreme
The only thing constant in life is change—Heraclitus. With change being constant in life, change is not avoidable through life.
With this in mind, denying (the need for) change, is denying life. Refusing to deal with it in the present is refusing to be life affirming in the present. This way of being doesn't stop change from arising—given its constancy—it only ensures having to deal with it in its extreme later. Continue reading
Presence of Fear Requires Courage
Fear is an emotion, a type of energy we all have available to us to help protect us against threats and danger. Thus the emotion of fear can be quite useful, unless of course it is the only or predominate energy that animates us. A fearful person—one largely motivated by it—will likely see danger and threats to him/her self everywhere and in most every other person. Moreover, when every other person is a potential threat to ones' success toward fulfilling one's goal in life, then fear of others—especially those not like oneself—inevitably emerges. Continue reading
Clueless in a Human World
The authors of a recent HBR article, Wells Fargo and the Slippery Slope of Sales Incentives, provided the answer "to meet sales quotas and earn incentives" to the question "why they (they being the lower level employees of Wells Fargo) did this in the first place." The "this" being unethical if not illegally selling and charging customers for services they did not need or request. It seems that the perspective here is that the employees where at fault, after all they are the ones who acted fraudulently! Continue reading
Globalization Delivers
Globalization has delivered, as it was intended, for the 1%. Globalization is not so much a paradigm, as some frame it, as it is a strategy of corporatist. It has preserved the gains of capitalism's elite upper class by affording worldwide exploitation and extraction. Continue reading
If We Cared About Our Development
A recent HBR article (Why companies are so bad at treating employees like people) by Herminia Ibarra speaks to the need to re-invent the workplace if there is to be human development at work. As Ibarra characterizes it, this re-invention requires "reimagining complex organizations so that they are more human and agile." The implication seems to be that making organizations more human and agile involves solving the "thorny problem of developing people." Continue reading


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Carpentersville Real Estate - Find Your Perfect Home For Sale!
Carpentersville Listings Summary
Carpentersville - Town vs. County Stats
Avg Price in Carpentersville: $225,500 / County Avg $423,900
Avg Taxes in Carpentersville: $6,000 / County Avg $9,200
Avg Sq. Ft. in Carpentersville: 2,185 / County Avg 2,624
Avg Price per/ft2 in Carpentersville: $103 / County Avg $162
Avg Walkscore in Carpentersville: 28 / County Avg 30
Avg Year Built in Carpentersville: 1983 / County Avg 1984
Avg Days on Website in Carpentersville: 50 / County Avg 83
Carpentersville Real Estate Market Health
|Areas in Carpentersville IL
|Neighborhoods in Carpentersville IL
|Golf View Highlands
|Grandview Farms
|Lakewood Estates
|Lincolnwood Manor
|Newport Cove
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Reports for ZConf
This page was last updated on Monday, 24th August 2020 (4:14pm).
Selected Reports
This page details the test reports submitted for the CPAN distribution ZConf.
To view individual reports, please click the grade text associated with each report.
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Results Found: 9
Exhibition: On Land and On Sea: A Century of Women in the Rosenfeld Collection
On Land and On Sea: A Century of Women in the Rosenfeld Collection will be at the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in St. Michaels, Md. from May 17, 2019–March 1,
Wine and Food Tastings
Come join us at Simpatico, Italy's Finest, for daily wine and food tastings.
Patriot Narrated Historical Cruise
Patriot Narrated Historical Cruises St. Michaels
Boats, BBQ & more at CBMM's Charity Boat Auction
Charity Boat Auction at CBMM
St. Michaels Art League Labor Day Show and Sale
If you are looking for a quiet oasis amid your Labor Day activities this year, look under the tent at St. Luke's Church in St. Michael's. Labor Day weekend always features the St. Michael's Art League with an inspiring collection of members' artwork. This fifteen-year-plus exhibit showcases the work of some of its 180 members and is free to the public.
Island Music Cocktail Cruise - Saturday Evening
Island Music Cocktail Cruise aboard The Patriot is held Saturdays throughout the summer season.
Cars and Coffee Classic Motor Museum Saturdays
Hosted by: Classic Motor Museum St Michaels Where: 102 E. Marengo Street, St. Michaels Maryland. When: Every Saturday Morning 9 am to 11 am. Sponsored by: August Classic


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This beautiful old gal has was taken down this week to make way for additional student housing on the Penn State Capitol Campus in Middletown PA. It was a sad SAD day, what a waste. I can't even look when I drive past without crying
Too tooo sad.
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Burned nearly 600 radios 1 256 onlyin Alpha tokens why so tight and expensive ? Comment by McKnife November 2019
Picturein Where is 'platinum fallen heroes call'? Comment by McKnife June 2018
I would buy it for 10 bucks ın a heartbeatin Would you buy a MEGA Bundle? Comment by McKnife October 2017
So there will be not a penny or kuruş or cent from me
Hi survivor, Thanks for getting in touch. This was an error on our part, the price should have been set at $99.99, however, it was incorrectly labeled and released at $9.99. As soon as we realized what had happened the deal was pulled which …
Screw it than
No official answer again?Cant you see the potential here?
> @ZombieAnnhilator said: > It's not fair or "balanced". NG needs to offer this at least once to everyone. The advantage this gives to players that did get it is huge and basic customer service demands the offer be extended to every…
They dont even bother to answer
Mistakes happen.we are tryin to get a mutual benefit.A lot of people will buy this kind of offer without thinking so ng will gain from this too
Yeah make it for a limited time,you will gain a big business here.everyone in right mind will buy a 'chance of a lifetime bundle' for that price.C'mon make everyone happy
> @dachsurfer said: > @Teeceezy > > no. that's not "unfortunately." > > NG is simply not generous and is now making a fair offer where everyone can decide whether or not to take it. How do you explain the fact tha…
@Teeceezy @Shteevie can you help us?
People who boyght ıt will gain a unfair advantage,ı dont blame them they just bought a bundle of a lifetime.So what we trying to do here gain same advantage with same price. I am new to this forum but ı am playin this game for 1.5 years,does someon…
I also wrote a in game letter to ng.ı hope they will re release it with same price.
I thınk a lot of people bought it.And ı know who loves playing this game will buy it if released again!ıt was a chance of a lifetime.ı dont care it was a bug or a mistake,i want equal chance who bought it!so NG hear us,we want that package too
> @paintbeast said: > That's never going to happen. Too much potential for abuse and monetary gain (that wouldn't go to NG). Yeah its a good idea for us but not for NGin Market Place/Trade Center Comment by McKnife October 2017


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I had a memorable evening the other night when a road player was passing
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What is your record for consecutively making the end ball on the break
playing one pocket?
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road player was a nine ball player not a one pocket player. It was uncanny
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