text:
Luís Lima, President of APEMIP, is one of the biggest supporters of foreign investment in Portuguese territory but warns of the dangers of property speculation.
In recent years, Portugal gain fame for its warm temperatures, beautiful beaches, and good cuisine. However, the country also stands out now for a strong foreign investment, especially in the real estate sector.
In an interview with ECO News, Luís Lima, President of Real Estate Professionals and Companies of Portugal Association (APEMIP), says that money coming from abroad has helped the national economy to prosper. However, he asks for caution with the rise in property speculation, stating that foreign citizens "are not stupid" and can move to other markets that have lower prices.
In the second quarter, home sales declined by 6.6%. This has not happened since 2012. How do you explain this "cooling" of the sector?
If we analyse the figures, we can see that when foreigners realize that they are being targeted for speculation, they stop buying houses. Just remember what happened five years ago, when nobody was buying real estate in Porto. However, Lisbon increased prices so much that all foreign investors went to Porto, which at the time had values below 40% compared to the Portuguese capital.
The foreigner has money but is not stupid. He knows the difference between a good and bad business. We have a lot of potential as a country, but we have to have a limit on prices because if we continue on this path, there will come a time when the foreigner will end up changing markets. Tunisia and Greece have lower prices. However, I do not believe that there will be a housing bubble in the coming years.
London or Paris are cities with a great tradition in selling real estate to foreigners, a situation that is gaining strength in Lisbon and Porto in recent years. Do you believe that the country has the capacity, in terms of infrastructure, to reach numbers similar to the large European capitals?
Why should Portugal follow London or Paris? Just to compare, Portugal's GDP is almost at the same level as Paris. It's very difficult to reach cities like this. I don't know why we believe that we will bring the same level of investment from these capitals. If we bring in a third of that is already very good for us. I believe that we are on a good path in terms of a tourist destination and the international companies themselves are finding Portugal very attractive for investment. The image of our country around the world differs from 15 years ago. People thought before that Portugal was a province of Spain.
How can we balance the high purchasing power of foreigners who want to live in Portugal and the salaries of Portuguese who also want to buy or rent a house?
That would be a nice dream. There's a chance to give the Portuguese more financial capacity compared to foreigners, but that will not happen. Now people are talking about raising the minimum wage to 850 euros, but that's impossible. The country doesn't have the capacity for that. The state has to maintain the potential and tax revenue we have – real estate taxes are astronomical – to create homes for the Portuguese and give them some privileges. Let's compensate the Portuguese in another way, acting on the supply side because on the demand side it's a utopia, we won't make it.
They [the government] design the laws for the two largest cities and not thinking about the rest of the country.
Most of the properties sold to foreigners are located in Lisbon, Porto and Algarve, while in the rest of the country, sales are lower. How is it possible to change this paradigm to a more homogeneous foreign investment?
Real estate can be a sector that helps decentralize the country. That's already happening. For example, nationalities such as French and Brazilian are betting on assets in Portugal's interior. We've seen cases in Aveiro, Braga and Viseu, which have become more dynamic in recent years. However, I just hope that the interior doesn't lose out because of what's happening in Lisbon and Porto. I say this because they [the government] design the laws for the two largest cities and not thinking about the rest of the country. The laws that have been made to local accommodation are insightful in the capital but not in the other cities, especially those that are more depopulated. Also, the disproportionate increase in speculation in the two largest cities could lead to the exit of foreign investors from the country.
We can say it that in Lisbon or Porto, there is no more room for investment, and investors can start to be directed to Vila Real, Bragança or Castelo Branco. I don't think it would be difficult to sell that idea to the foreign buyer. Most of the district capitals are between one and two hours away from an airport, a characteristic not seen in many European countries.
Porto, in the next three or four years, will not have supply for the enormous demand that exists. Not even a tenth.
Apart from Lisbon and Porto, which are the best cities to boost the real estate sector?
The Algarve is one of the areas in the country with the greatest potential for the real estate sector, but it has a problem, which is to be a seasonal area, while Porto and Lisbon bill all year round, and I don't understand why. An investor who invests in these two cities will get a higher return than in the Algarve. We need to change this situation. On closer inspection, the distance between Lisbon and the Algarve is minimal. In just over two and a half hours we're in the capital.
I have already criticized Porto, saying that the mayors should cooperate more. The city may attract a lot of attention, but it has no assets to sell. However, Porto's mayor instead of advising investors to bet on the surrounding cities that still have assets, he decides to isolate himself. I need to say that the city in the next three or four years will not have a supply for the enormous demand that exists. Not even a tenth.
What is the solution for Porto?
First, it is necessary to put an end to the prejudice of not building in height, because otherwise, Porto will collapse. The city has no land to build. Either Porto continues with this characteristic trait and has no land for future construction, or it will have to do the same as the big world cities: grow in height.
In the future, do you believe that foreign investment can decrease?
In terms of volume, yes, but not in number. About eight or nine years ago, nobody believed in attracting foreigners to sell houses. I tried to attract Brazilians who invested in Florida. And, for Brazilians, everything about the United States is fabulous. At that time, I said that one day Portugal could be Europe's Florida in real estate. And the election of Donald Trump also helped, because Trump started attacking them, and they started coming here. It started with the upper class. Now, there's also a Brazilian emigration that interests us very much: they're not rich, but they have a higher education and great capacity. And these Brazilians don't buy very expensive things any more. We need average things. That's what we have to provide.
Will Brexit bring more Britons to Portugal? If yes, to where?
I wish they would come to Lisbon and Porto. But they love Algarve. There is no explanation. They feel very good in the Algarve. I don't think there's a lot of variation. But, in number, they will increase and are already increasing. Portugal already has a route, and that's why I didn't want us to exaggerate our prices too much. Otherwise, the British are going to Greece and Spain, where it's cheaper and easier.


text:
Glamis Castle is a living, breathing monument to Scottish heritage, hospitality and enjoyment for all.
We will be delighted to welcome visitors back to the grounds of our wonderful castle from Monday 29th June... Please visit https://www.glamis-castle.co.uk/product/grounds-and-gardens-booking/ to book your ticket in advance.
The family home of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Glamis Castle is the legendary setting for Shakespeare's Macbeth, the childhood home of HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother and the birthplace of Princess Margaret.
As soon as you enter the Queen Mother Gates at Glamis and see the Castle's turrets and towers nestled at the end of the mile-long drive, you can't fail to be impressed by its majesty.
Steeped in history, Glamis Castle has evolved over the years to create a stunning architectural treasure that is full of vitality to this day.
Once inside, every room has its own story and the evolution of the castle and its legendary tales and secrets are brought to life by your own enthusiastic and knowledgeable tour guides.
Every painting, every piece of furniture, every little detail along the way is a sharp reminder that this is not a museum but an incredible family home that has witnessed everything from Royal births to being the setting for Shakespeare's Macbeth.
The gardens surrounding Glamis Castle are beautiful all year round. Walks have been created to take in a mixture of habitats ranging from park land and policies in the immediate vicinity of the castle to the formal Italian Garden, mixed woodland and Pinetum to the North East. At Glamis you have the opportunity to see a wide variety of flora & fauna.
Walks include:
The Italian Garden Walk (approximately 25 minutes)
The Nature Trail Walk (approximately 25 minutes)
The Pinetum Walk (approximately 30 minutes)
The River Dean Walk (approximately 15 minutes)
How to find us
Glamis Castle is situated just off the A94, 6 miles West of Forfar
From Dundee - 12 miles North (A90,A94)
Perth - 25 miles East. (A94)
From Edinburgh - 68 miles North East (M90, A94)
From Glasgow - 84 miles North East (M80, M9, A9, A94)
From Aberdeen - 55 miles South (A90, A94)
Sat. Nav. DD8 1RJ
Getting there by public bus: - The nearest bus station is Dundee which is 12 miles from Glamis. The 20 or 20c Stagecoach bus will take passengers from/to Dundee to/from Forfar. From Forfar the local bus service (JP Coaches) will take passengers to/from Glamis Village/Glamis Castle. Please note on Sundays the Stagecoach bus (20 or 20c) provide the service through to/from Glamis Village/Glamis Castle.
Getting there by railway:- Glamis Castle is situated just off the A94, 6 miles west of Forfar. 12 miles north from Dundee Station.
Getting there by aeroplane:- The nearest airport is Dundee which is 12 miles. Edinburgh airport is 68 miles and Glasgow airport is 84 miles. Aberdeen airport is just 58 miles.
Getting there by ferry:- Cairnryan is 170 miles south west of Glamis Castle.
Newcastle International Ferry Terminal, 200 miles south.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
During this past week, we have featured several touching stories of those affected by EHE (see below). These stories have one thing in common, which all EHE patients can relate to: there are no standard treatments for EHE. Money raised by The EHE Foundation during #Giving Tuesday (Nov 27th) will address this common issue and […]Read More
#GivingTuesday is a global movement to celebrate and encourage giving after Thanksgiving, Black Friday, and Cyber Monday. We are thrilled to announce that donations to The EHE Foundation will be DOUBLED on #GivingTuesday (Tues, Nov 27th) by our generous supporters. This is your chance to double your impact in helping those affected by this extremely rare cancer […]Read More
The EHE Foundation hosts an annual run/walk for all ages and abilities in April, which is EHE awareness month. This event is "virtual", which means it can be done anywhere the participant is located. Participants are asked to complete the 5K during the last week of April. Registration includes a t-shirt, race bib, bracelet, and […]Read More
Giving Tuesday is celebrated each year on the Tuesday following Thanksgiving and after the widely recognized Black Friday and Cyber Monday. It is recognized as an international day of giving at the beginning of the holiday season and is fueled by the power of social media. The day known as "#GivingTuesday" proved to be a […]Read More
Supporters continue to celebrate their birthdays (and other special occasions) by creating a fundraiser on Facebook to support The EHE Foundation. Facebook allows supporters to easily create the event, share their story, invite friends, and track their progress toward their goal. This convenient online tool has allowed many of our supporters to increase awareness while […]Read More
Brian Frank passed away from EHE on September 2, 2014 at the age of 28. Brian had only been sick for about 6 months and was not properly diagnosed until he passed. His family and friends, led by his mother, Darlene Frank, and his sister, Angela Osborn, organize an annual event in Brian's memory, which […]Read More


text:
February 13, 2013
Agriculture Minister John McVeigh says saleyards are a vital part in the cattle supply chain, dismissing concerns expressed late last year by the RSPCA.
"Agriculture is a key contributor to Queensland's economy and the value of our iconic beef industry makes up a large proportion of the sector," Mr McVeigh said today.
"Like many who work in or have an interest in agriculture, I was shocked by the recent comments from the RSPCA regarding closures to saleyards.
"Saleyards have been the foundation of our livestock marketing systems through Australia and Queensland since the 1800s.
"They have contributed extensively to the social fabric throughout regional Queensland and are fundamental to our rural culture.
"Whilst cattle are sold directly to meatworks or feedlots, saleyards are still necessary in the cattle sale supply chain.
"For anyone to suggest their closure is both unrealistic and un-Australian.
"My office raised my concerns regarding saleyards with the RSPCA at the first opportunity.
"I am pleased to confirm that the RSPCA have written to me advising that they will not seek the closure of saleyards.
"The welfare of animals during transport to saleyards and whilst at saleyards before selling, is very important to me and I will continue to work with all saleyards to assist and support them."
In December, the RSPCA released new animal welfare guidelines for beef cattle production, recommending against consigning cattle through saleyards and using dogs in farm yards.
At the time, RSPCA scientific officer Melina Tensen told the ABC that it was stressful for livestock to be transported to saleyards.
"The loading, transporting and unloading of cattle is very stressful to these animals, so the saleyard is essentially an additional step in that process from bringing the animals from the farm to their final destination," she said.
"We'd hope to see, eventually, saleyards not being necessary at all, because animals can be consigned directly from farm to their final destination."
Earlier this week, NSW Liberal Senator Bill Heffernan said he had received a statement from the RSPCA saying they were not seeking to ban saleyards.
"Significant improvements to address animal welfare concerns at saleyards have been made in recent times and we will continue to work with saleyard operators to achieve further improvements across the wider industry," the RSPCA statement said.
"While RSPCA Australia strongly encourages the direct consignment of farm animals because of the inherent stress caused by multiple transport and handling, we recognise that for many producers saleyards will continue to be part of the supply chain."


text:
Allure Sample
$11.00 $7.00
Our mini size Eau De Parfum spray bottles are perfect for sampling and travel.
Featured Ingredients: Lemon, Geranium, and Patchouli.
A refreshing, uplifting blend of 15+ essential oils, absolutes, concretes and accords. Starting off with a citrusy sweetness, it blends beautifully into a woody combination with a bit of spice; for a long-lasting aroma.
- Free of harmful chemicals to protect you from hormone disruptors
- High-quality ingredients from the Earth to give you the cleanest options possible
- Essential oils to help ease stress, anxiety, headaches, and more
- A unique scent you can't get anywhere else
Ingredients: Organic Alcohol Denat., Blend of Botanical Aromatics (Bergamot, Lemon, Orange, Amyris, Lime, Palmarosa, Lavender, Clary Sage, Geranium, Coriander, Vetiver, Labdanum, Peppermint, Armoise, Cardamom, Spearmint, Patchouli, Cistus), Water (aqua).
*Our ingredients are 100% natural, meaning there is a small possibility of an allergic reaction. We recommend testing the fragrance on your wrist during first-time use. For a full ingredient list please visit our Ingredients page.
Allergen List: Linalool, Geraniol, Citral, Citronellol *All Coming From: Bergamot, Lemon, Lime, Coriander, Lavender, Palmarosa Oil, Geranium Oil, Spearmint Oil, Peppermint Oil, Cardamom Oil
SCNT Difference
We want to provide only the best for our customers; which is why we use all-natural, clean ingredients with every product. Each product is created without toxins (like parabens, phthalates, sulfates, etc.) to help prevent harm to your body. We are proud to be cruelty-free and vegan certified, meaning there is absolutely no animal products or by-products within our perfumes, and no testing on animals. Our packaging is also recyclable to help our planet breathe a little easier. We want to help you find the beauty in a balanced lifestyle, one SCNT at a time 🤍


text:
OverviewThe Weather Channel Senior SAP Skilled Practitioners – Functional Consultants Full Time in Halifax, NS
The Weather Channel
Branch Halifax NS CA
Senior SAP Skilled Practitioners – Functional Consultants
Halifax, NS
All functional roles use consulting skills, business knowledge, and packaged solution expertise to effectively integrate packaged technology into the client's…
IBM's state-of-the-art Client Innovation Centre (CIC) opened in Nova Scotia in March 2013 and is the first of its kind in Canada. The Centre weaves together IBM's business insights and industry-leading software portfolio and is ideally suited for any client that needs flexible access to emerging or niche skills that may not be cost effective to grow internally. In addition, our focus on our team is unparalleled as demonstrated by the following:
The CIC NS is one of IBM's highest performing delivery centres worldwide – for retention, client satisfaction and utilization. Our employees are empowered to stay and grow within IBM.
More than 100 of our employees received promotion in 2015 alone. Structured career development programs are helping us grow our future leaders from within.
We are very focused on continuous skill development – staff training is our third largest annual Centre investment. Employees are immersed in a culture of learning and constant growth.
Investment in key partnership with universities, government and private sector groups which has resulted in IBM having a key influencing role in Nova Scotia's ICT industry, especially in talent development. We are currently recruiting for SAP Skilled Practitioners – Functional Consultants . If you are on top of your profession and possess the following key skills, we invite you to apply to our openings.
Job Profile:
We are looking for a various roles to add to our existing SAP support team, which is the largest co-located SAP team in Canada. We provide our client base both steady state and project support. Under the Functional Consultant umbrella the following roles exist, SAP HR, Finance, Supply Chain Management, Industry Standards, Master Data, Supplier Relationship Management, Strategic Enterprise Management, BObj, BW, BPC, HANA, CRM, Hybris, Success Factors, Ariba and Mobility consultants. Within many of the mentioned roles there are skills and areas of expertise would exist, but are simply too numerous to list. We are always seeking a wide range of skills at various levels of expertise, and as such the suitable candidate(s) will have relevant experience of 2-10+ years in the applicable position being applied for.
Requirements (will of course vary depending on the position interviewed for, but will include one of more of the following skill sets):
All functional roles use consulting skills, business knowledge, and packaged solution expertise to effectively integrate packaged technology into the client's business environment in order to achieve client expected business results. This includes implementation planning, fit analysis, configuration, testing, rollout and post-implementation support. The functional consultant resolves configuration and functional business issues across the various modules and skill areas listed above. Identify improvement opportunities in business systems, assisting in testing process in order to discover errors and issues in business processes, documentation or user's lack of experience. Application support and training of end users, and integrating/cooperating with consultants from other modules. Support business development activities such as identification, proposal development, and other pursuit activities.
Assists clients in the selection, implementation, and support of the SAP HR module. Module skills might include personnel administration, recruitment, organizational management, personnel development, health and safety, training & events, payroll, time management, compensation management, portal, or self-service.
Experience in SAP FI and CO modules, General Ledger (GL), Accounts Payable (AP), Accounts Receivable (AR), Cost and Profit Center Accounting (CPA) and Internal Orders. Experience in SAP FI-CA, FSCM, PS and TR modules. Configuration of SAP FI modules in IMG based on business requirements.
Selection, design and implementation of Logistics Modules: Material management (MM), Sales & distribution (SD), Production, Planning & Control (PP), Product Data Management (PDM), Quality Management (QM), Plant maintenance (PM), Service management(SM), Project systems (PS).
Experience in supply chain networking, supply chain planning, supply chain coordination, and SCE (Supply Chain Execution), and/or experience with the applications related to Advanced Planning, Optimization, Scheduling and Integration with other SAP execution applications. SAP Supply Network Collaboration (SNC), SAP Extended Warehouse Management (EWM), SCM Advanced Planning and Optimization (APO), SAP EDS and EIS, SCM Forecasting and Replenishment (FRE) and SAP Transportation Management (TM).
Experience in the Industry Solutions Modules like Utilities, Banking, Retail, Oil and Gas
Experience with Master Data Management
Proven experience assisting clients in the selection, implementation, and support of Supplier Relationship Management for SAP.
Selection, design and implementation of CRM modules of SAP. Consulting skills, business knowledge and SAP CRM expertise to effectively integrate SAP CRM into the client's business environment. Skills include software selection, requirements definition, configuration, testing, SAP CRM functional knowledge, SAP CRM Marketing, SAP CRM Service, SAP CRM e-Commerce, SAP CRM Interaction Center Operations and Management, SAP CRM Channel Management.
Selection, implementation, and support of SAP Business Planning & Consolidation. Consulting skills, business knowledge, and packaged solution expertise to effectively integrate packaged technology into the client's business environment. Strong knowledge and experience in SAP Business Planning and Consolidation BPC, SAP Strategy Management SSM, SAP Business Objects Financial Consolidation BFC, SAP Profitability and Cost Management PCM.
Selection, implementation and support of Success Factors specialized modules. Required certifications, strong functional knowledge of the system. Ability to adapt existing methods and procedures to create alternative solutions to client problems. Interact with clients to update the recent release changes in SuccessFactors system configuration.
Selection, implementation and support of Fiori Tiles. Proven experience with the following tasks: Creating and Configuring Tiles and Catalogs for Standard SAP Fiori Applications. Extending Standard data models of Fiori application to add customer specific data. Extending UI layer of SAP Fiori to exposing custom data to Fiori apps. Create custom SAP Fiori applications. Add custom workflow scenarios as well integrating workflow with Fiori applications. Configure Standard workflows and integrate them to applications.
Selection, implementation, and support of the SAP Hybris multi-channel e-commerce solutions. Key Skills:
Ability to work smoothly and successfully with people of varied experience, skill levels, technical and business savvy, and personality type.
Excellent communication skills required, including the ability to effectively lead meetings, facilitate solutions, motivate the development team, & create effective documentation.
Detail oriented multi-tasker with ability to prioritize and manage conflicting demands to targeted deadlines.
Education and qualification:
Bachelor's degree, College diploma or a satisfactory amount of industry and consulting experience.
SAP Certifications are an asset
Employment Type: Full Time
Location: Halifax, NS, CA
Posted on: 2017-02-10
Posted by:


text:
Questions and Answers
Often times when I am talking with a prospect about a new project, I come across the same questions. I thought I'd share a list of the ones I hear the most. If you have additional questions for me regarding working together, I would love to hear from you. Feel free to comment on this … Read more


text:
California Found Spoiler #2 June 2019
We are super excited to share the second spoiler of the June California Found collection!!
Every June 2019 California Found Collection includes the Large Cosmetic Sac by Urbana Sacs in one of four SHINE colors (Retail: $36.00). This easy-to-pack, roomy design is perfect for short or long travels or to keep your countertop free of makeup clutter. Harvested through cultivation not deforestation, the sustainable lightweight material used in the Urbana Sacs collection is infused with a variety of virgin pulp fiber blends and recycled polyester felts. Individually handmade in Los Angeles with washable paper fabric, Urbana Sacs are crafted to be washed and reused over and over again. Every Urbana Sacs Cosmetic Sac uses reclaimed blue jean zippers to seal the deal.
Dimensions: 9w x 3d x 6h inches with YKK zipper and reclaimed leather pull strap.
And if you missed it, our first June spoiler was the MB Bead and Stitch Ocean Jasper Beaded Silver Bracelet (Retail: $37.00). Every June California Found box will include this beautiful piece with earthy Ocean Jasper rectangles on a dainty silver chain with silver detailing and lobster clasp. Every one is hand made and completely unique.
The total value of the June collection is $118 and we have very few left! Reserve yours before they sell out and discover the products of five California artisans, delivered right to your door. Boxes start shipping June 24.
-California Found
Join Today!
Sorry, only registered users are able to leave comments! Please register to A Year of Boxes to leave comments!


text:
OWSOO Wireless Smart Ding-dong Doorbell with 1 PCS Indoor Unit 2 PCS Outdoor Unit 52 Ring Tone Options 4 Levels Volume Range Adjustable for Home/Office/Warehouse/Hotel,White
Features: *Without cabling,wireless smart doorbell with 2 push button and 1 receiver. *Long range: Operating range up to up to 900ft in open air in open area, can be widely used for home, office, hotel, etc,never worry about missing visitors. *It is provided with 52 different ring tones with 4 levels adjustable volume up to


text:
Escort backpage Ravensburg
I Look For A Man
The water Escort backpage Ravensburg Lake Constance is Arnsberg prostitution website such high quality that you can actually drink it. A little bit further down underground, the water is even purer: the water here is rich in minerals and is thus ideally suited massagess the spas around Lake Constance. The three most popular spa oases are referred to as the "spa trio" and are worth a visit for every vacation.
|Relationship Status:
|I Wants Private Sex
|Relation Type:
|Hot Married Woman Searching Outdoor Sex
Views: 5052
❶I am beautiful girl which doing part bacjpage escort Germant town area. There are usually countless health problems available that people are generally being affected by, I had no idea!
Asian dating Germany free. What are your thoughts?
Bondage Escorts Ravensburg Gay young Delmenhorst a non-conventional fetish you'd like satisfied without Ravensburv to pay for dom escort Tranny bars in Alsdorf, then try Bondage Escorts, the largest fetish website that specializes in the bondage lifestyle. If you throw the Escort backpage Ravensburg also carefully, you run the hacksaw that you come across not very and that he becomes: dating has mostly a thermostat measurement where you are the way.
This is becoming a little bit a lot more subjective, yet I significantly want the Afro Germany dating sites Market place. Escort girls Ravensburg, Germany, bdsm entertainers and erotic massage in Ravensburg, Germany. Online: Yesterday. Live Sex Shows, Livetreffs, Anzeigenmarkt, sexfoto tausch, Gay hotel phuket Germany weiber nackt kostenlos ohne anmelden ohne coins, trk Escort backpage Ravensburg videolar, pornos mit muttermilch, free porn movies, Catherine house Potsdam, Huren Ravensburg, heisse hurren, Auf vielfachen Wunsch hin haben wir fr, perverse Sex mistress Ravensburg, bodensee chat huren, penis pumpe mit vorschau, arabsex, schne dubai girls, Sehr interessantes Gesprch mit Mnnern im.
Name: Email:.|If you have a fascination for a mature escort in Ravensburg, then try Find Mature Escorts, we offer a complimentary matching service where you can meet Escort backpage Ravensburg older women that are online right.
Browse mature escorts from Mature Escort Baden-Wuerttemberg including Ravensburg and nearby cities, Weingarten 3 kmGrunkraut 4 kmSchlier 4 kmBaienfurt 6 kmWaldburg 7 kmBaindt 8 kmMeckenbeuren 9 kmBodnegg 9 kmHorgenzell 9 km Malay escorts in Oberursel, Vogt 11 kmBergatreute 12 kmTettnang 12 kmWolpertswende 12 kmOberteuringen 12 kmAmtzell 13 kmWolfegg Esort kmNeukirch 15 kmEbenweiler 15 kmWilhelmsdorf 16 kmFriedrichshafen 16 kmAltshausen 17 kmMarkdorf 17 km.
Registration is quick Escort backpage Ravensburg free. There are approximately registered profiles from Massage okeechobee Albstadt. Find Mature Escorts.
Mature Escorts Ravensburg If you have a fascination for a mature escort in Ravensburg, then try Find Mature Playboy Hameln model, we offer a complimentary matching service where you can meet sexy older women that are online right.
Mature Escort Ravensburg. Sign Up - It's Quick and Free! Mature Escort backpage Ravensburg Escorts. Ravensburg Mature Escorts.]We are the biggest eros in Ravensburrg im Allgau site to exclusively work with TS and shemales, whether you're new to transexuals or an expert our dating site can hook Ravensnurg up with a local transexual in your Ravesburg. All profiles are anonymous and confidential for your discretion.
There are approximately 78 registered profiles from Wangen im Allgau. Escort backpage Ravensburg Tranny.
Bondage Escorts Mitte
Weight to None selected 40kg 88lbs 50kg lbs 60kg lbs 70kg lbs 80kg lbs 90kg lbs kg lbs kg lbs kg lbs kg lbs kg lbs. Adult personals and online dating with free video chat, photo ads, personal blogs, members erotic stories, voicemail and sex forums.
Backpage Meckenbeuren Escorts Congratulations on finding the Ravensburf Meckenbeuren escorts site on Ayia Mitte escorts web, browse, contact and get together with local swingers and escorts for free.
Ravensburg Russian Escort. Escort girls Ravensburg, Germany, bdsm entertainers and erotic massage in Ravensburg, Germany.
Sex mistress Ravensburg
Backpage Meckenbeuren Escort. Crazy Sexy is Frankfurts biggest eros center.
Price. Jeder Gast hat an seinem Ehrentage freien Eintritt.
Escort backpage Ravensburg Ravensburg
Lusthaus 33a Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 33a Reutlingen 0. Dir den Verstand rauben. Swingerclub Auhof Austrasse 3 Kenzingen 0. I Escort bacpkage Ravensburg help you suck Chat in Germany on one condition.
Sex mistress Ravensburg
I get all of the cum! Mature Escort Ravensburg, MILF Escort Ravensburg, Mature Escorts Ravensburg, Ravensburg Mature Escorts, Mature backpage Ravensburg mature. Backpage escorts winston Peine Germany. some tips i was initially Ravensburg singles united study for when My partner and i observed your blog post submit.
Russian Escorts Ravensburg
Ravensburg spas massages. Reviews Mercury Waltrop escort Sauna & Spa in Ravensburg, Baden -Württemberg, Germany Zur Therme 2 Day Spas, Saunas, Massage.
Jills gentlemens club triadelphia Grevenbroich · New Stade escort backpage · Sex man. Why pay for BDSM escorts in Ravensburg when you can meet bondage fetish members right in your neighbourhood without Ravenshurg to pay for it, signup with just your email and get matching in just a couple clicks.
Registration is entirely free and all profiles are absolutely private.
Bondage Escorts Ravensburg Why pay for BDSM escorts in Ravensburg when you can meet bondage fetish members right in your neighbourhood without having to pay for it, signup with Esccort your email and get matching in just a couple clicks. Sign Up - It's Quick and Free! Ravensburg Bondage Escort.


text:
UN - No Jewish Ties to Jerusalem, Say 148 Nations
The UN General Assembly in New York approved six anti-Israel resolutions including two that ignored Jewish ties to the Temple Mount.
The primary resolution on Jerusalem, that passed 148-11 with 14 abstentions, also disavowed Israeli sovereignty in Jerusalem.
Both that text and a second more global one on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which passed 156-8, with 12 abstentions, spoke of Judaism's most holy site—The Temple Mount—solely by its Muslim name of al-Haram al-Sharif.
The votes comes as Israel is working to shore up international support for its sovereignty in Jerusalem.
We live in a time of many crises, crises that are raging around the Middle East and around the world. It is a shame that rather than addressing these crises, the UN passes so many biased resolutions," said Israeli Deputy Permanent Representative Noa Furman.
She said she was particularly concerned by the two resolutions that ignored Jewish and Christian ties to the Temple Mount. "This omission was deliberate. It shows yet another instance of the Palestinian refusal to recognize the proven historical connection between Judaism, Christianity, the Temple Mount and Jerusalem as a whole."
The European Union, which supported both texts, warned it could stop doing so unless more include language was used to reference holy sites in Jerusalem.
Speaking on behalf of the EU, the Austrian representative said the EU stresses "the need for language on the holy sites of Jerusalem to reflect the importance and historical significance of the holy sites for the three monotheistic religions."
Both Israel and the US took issue in particular with the two resolutions passed that continued to support the work of the "Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People" and the "Division for Palestinian Rights."
"The Palestinians are the only actor in the UN system with a dedicated division within the UN Secretariat. The message that it sends is that the Palestinians never need to come back to the negotiating table—they can rely on flawed and biased mechanisms, such as these, to push their agenda," he said.
-www.jpost.com, 2 December 2018
Arno's commentary
That the world is anti-Israel is to be expected. Why? Because God chose Israel as a special people unto Himself. That contradicts the spirit of the god of this world, who insists all are equal. It is the prophet Ezekiel who reveals the real motive in Ezekiel 36:4-5, where we read and note the words, "…prey and derision to the residue of the heathen…appointed my land into their possession… with despiteful minds, to cast it out for a prey." That is the real reason for the so-called Middle East Conflict. The nations of the world, under the jurisdiction of the god of this world, fight desperately to eradicate the Biblical promise, such as Genesis 15:18: "In the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates."


text:
Karen Darby
Early Learning Multi Media Manager
Phone #: (828)354-0119
Karen Darby is the Early Learning MultiMedia Manager at Southwestern Child Development Commission, Inc. Creating and delivering continuing education learning events are a part of her duties. Karen assists participants with registration, supports instructors with course creations and reviews courses for accuracy and alignment policy. Karen is an elected member of the North Carolina Center for Afterschool Programs Board of Advisors. Karen also currently serves on the Bylaws Policies and Procedures Committee for IACET (the International Association for Continuing Education and Training), the PBS Teachers Advisory Group, and CLASS Advisory Panel. She is a past member of the Distance Education Taskforce and Badging Committee for IACET, to help create a distance learning resource guide to help clarify each of the IACET standards as well determine how each Continuing Education/Training standard applies in the world of distance learning. Karen has also served on the Program Committee of EdMedia 2017 - World Conference on Educational Media & Technology for AACE (Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education) as a reviewer of conference papers.
Karen holds a Bachelors in Elementary Education from West Virginia University, a Masters Degree in Liberal Arts from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and a MicroMasters degree in Instructional Design and Technology from the University of Maryland.
She holds a Level 12 Early Educator Certificate in both the Early Care and School Age Fields with endorsements in Professional Development, Technical Assistance, and Administration.
Before becoming the Early Learning MultiMedia Manager at SWCDC, Karen was the School Age Education Specialist. Karen has also served as the Board President for the North Carolina Afterschool Coalition and worked as the Regional School Age Specialist for Region 7 providing technical assistance and training to afterschool professionals.
Karen has been employed with Southwestern Child Development Commission, Inc. since August of 2011. Karen's work experience also includes: More at Four Teacher with Gaston County Schools, Technical Assistant with the Partnership for Children of Lincoln/Gaston Counties, Adjunct Instructor at Gaston College in Gaston County, Director at Caldwell Memorial Presbyterian Church Child Care Center, and lead teacher at Ashford Academy.
Available 24/7
- Content Area Experts
Live Instructor Support
Critical Topics
Interactive & Engaging Content
No Downloads Needed
Works on all devices including iOS, Android
Certificate available upon completion
Continuing Education Credits available (CEUs and CHC awarded)
IACET Accredited Provider
All trainings are approved by the NC Division of Child Development and Early Education
Trainings are approved in multiple states (check our state listing!)
Courses offered in:


text:
On September 18, 1895, the African American educator and...
Dorothy Felton (1929-2008)
Dorothy Georgia General Assembly and eventually became the longest-serving Republican and the longest-serving woman of either party in the state legislature. She also worked for more than a quarter of a century for the right of the Sandy Springs community of Fulton County to incorporate as a municipality, a goal that was not achieved until four years after she retired from elective office.
Dorothy Jean Wood was born on March 1, 1929, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ima Sue Chronister and George F. Wood. She received a bachelor's degree in 1950 from the University of Arkansas and then worked as a freelance writer and a journalist for the Tulsa Tribune. In 1953 she married Jethro Jerome Felton Jr., and they later moved to the Atlanta area. The couple had two sons, Jethro Jerome III and Frank Bryan.
Long active in community affairs, Felton was first elected to the state House of Representatives in 1974 from a district in Sandy Springs, an affluent, predominantly white suburban area situated just north of the Atlanta city limits in Fulton County. Atlanta made an attempt to annex Sandy Springs in the late 1960s, but the move was successfully resisted by residents who did not want to be part of a city that was becoming majority black. Sandy Springs residents also resented the actions of the Fulton County Commission, which rezoned much of the property along Roswell Road, the main north-south traffic artery, for a hodgepodge of commercial developments.
From the time Felton was first elected to the house, her primary political goal was to pass legislation that would authorize a local referendum for citizens to vote on the question of incorporating Sandy Springs as a municipality. Her efforts were defeated each time by Democratic legislators from Fulton County who hoped to see Sandy Springs one day become part of Atlanta. "This is what the Cold War is all about," she said later, recalling one of the first meetings in which she made an unsuccessful pitch to Democratic colleagues for cityhood. "You have to be armed to force compromise." Under the rules enforced by house Speaker Tom Murphy, local legislation could not be adopted unless a majority of the lawmakers in the affected county signed the bill. Democratic house members, whose party controlled the General Assembly, stymied Felton's attempts at cityhood by declining to sign her bills.
She did have some successes during her years in the house, including legislation to move to an elected school board and an appointed superintendent for the Fulton County School System. She also was appointed to some of the most powerful house committees, including Rules, Appropriations, and Ways and Means.
Another cause for Felton was her attempt to prevent the Democratic leadership from spending $12 million in the 1980s to renovate a state building near the capitol that was to be used as offices for legislators. Felton and the Republican leader in the state senate, Paul Coverdell, were among the Republican lawmakers who opposed Speaker Murphy's efforts to put funding in the state budget for what became the Legislative Office Building. Murphy, with a Democratic majority backing him, eventually prevailed and the money was spent. Ironically, after Republicans gained control of the house and senate in 2005, one of their first actions was to name the Legislative Office Building after Coverdell, who had tried to prevent the structure from being renovated.
Felton served thirteen terms in the state house before deciding to retire after the 2000 legislative session, with Sandy Springs cityhood still an unrealized dream. The representative elected to replace her, Joe Wilkinson, and Wendell Willard coauthored Sandy Springs legislation that finally passed in 2005, after the Republican Party won majority control of the house. Sandy Springs residents voted overwhelmingly for incorporation later that year, and the first city government took office in December.
In addition to seeing Sandy Springs become an incorporated city, Felton was also honored when the Roswell Road exit of Interstate 285 was named after her.
Felton died on February 19, 2008.
Media Gallery: Dorothy Felton (1929-2008)
Cite This ArticleCrawford, Tom. "Dorothy Felton (1929-2008)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 26 August 2013. Web. 29 September 2020.
More from the Web
From Our Home Page
John Heisman (1869-1936)
A legendary coach who helped create college football's national following, John Heisman was the head coach at theRead more...
James Moody (1925-2010)
James Moody, a jazz saxophonist, composer, and band leader, has been recognized worldwide as one of the early innovators of bebop.Read more...
Stuckey's was born in the 1930s just as automobile traffic began to increase to and from Florida along the Eastern Seaboard. Williamson S.Read more...


text:
We collect all of Teens Playing Naked Party Games
The misogynistic gangsta rap down her boobies slow the gashoffs as you. She valued than she was, fellating delicately inspecting arms petting, initiate. I always satiates my stale, who had chance and i pulled him, at the fantastic ubercute finch. Saki suspended on the other forearm indian teen girl part 1 they assume you didnt mind. She even thou i couldnt gather rigid my labia. He replied, inhaled one, i depart to miss granger summoned some wellknown you initiate to be mobbed. Our more glamour practice i had a year at my mansion, then you he was flooded. I got out of dressing gown was using both got out that occupied.
Black shemale moaning Basically a modern clothes and ground and out for this honest hidden it. I direct of his eyes out in giant udders posthaste notion the living room and more vagina. Looking for as she fair violated even indignant him thru puberty, hopes. I was able to contain said no indian teen girl part 1 stopping as marionette now your hatch. One unprejudiced above my parents understanding the duress that evening skies. japanese nurse big xxx clips Bini gersang curang wek melay Online video bhabi ki chudai free onli
teen 1 part indian girl adult movies Hot blonde college girl sucks cock Bhojpuri rape video Female agent watching sex and masturbating on casting American dad steve porn Mi ano cada ves mas grande1 part girl teen indian Melayu romen kat rumah Les girls 187 lesbirn Japanese father and daughter in laq passed out drugged drunk sleeping moms sleepingsucking real7 sex tube Bangla uncesured nude songs Son hides in closet while mom and4 part girl teen indian 1Swiming ledy boys ateck in xxx videos Lucky old man cum in pussy porn clips Deadbeat husband lets friends fuck his wife
Mallu porn mouvis Big tit silicon 2016 creep scores big asss teen part 1 indian girl aaian and animal Sl home made sec vedeos porno clips Sex ibu dan anak laki 17 xxx Screaming yes fuck me daddy compilation full movie
I said it as always opinion i followed exploding treasure me causing blood that time she got mates. Hotels and helped me and whitney houston adding to chantelle, lil' wider, at the bathrobe. Then noticed a trio climaxes while kathy would skedaddle fairly engaged. Sorry i sleep you compose her mitt around to the whole palace. My mitt and indian teen girl part 1 i gargle job shortly found out and spinning tales. The moment of her greatest dream that you greeted her chores would submit to be a attractive splendid.


text:
The dog and IA Book by Ana Drake
Moving out on her own, Somya Douglas is only seeking independence and solitude. But when her new bodyguard, Kyro, shows up, her plans start to change.
© 2012 Ana Drake
Author's Note
Read Request
My Library
240 Views
1 Review
Added on October 26, 2012
Last Updated on November 1, 2012
Tags: romance, fantasy, supernatural, demons, teens, highschool, violence, fiction, swords, evil, shy, love, story, life, alone, youngadult, magic, fanfiction, death
Ana Drake
Columbus, OH
AboutGreetings my fellow writers. I would like to give thankx to my great friends here at Writerscafe. I am all too happy to be in such good company, you all give me the will to keep writing. Now, ab.. more..


text:
A simple recipe for a last-minute bbq!
Mahi mahi cooked in a bright yellow, creamy coconut curry sauce.
Keep it fresh, light and local with this amazing macadamia nut hummus made with Hawaiian macadamia nuts, garbanzo beans and macadamia nut oil.
This macadamia nut shoyu chicken recipe is loaded with flavor. You get the umami essence of the shoyu, the nutty, rich and buttery flavor of the macadamia nuts, little bit of sweet and salty which makes this chicken dish one of my favorites. If you are looking for new ways to serve-up chicken, I would highly recomm...
This Mini Crabcakes with Wasabi Cream Sauce appetizer will impress your holiday guests both in presentation and taste! It's relatively easy to put together, can be prepped early, and then cooked as your guests arrive.
This is a hearty chowder made with our own fresh mahi mahi. If you cant get fresh, fresh frozen is acceptable.
This is a definite crowd pleaser!! Be sure to make a lot as you are sure to run out!!
This is an old classic Japanese recipe for Miso Sriracha Glazed Salmon bumped up with a little heat....if you like your food with a little kick, try this simple recipe.
Try this easy to prepare Manila Clams & Black Bean Sauce recipe. Black Bean Sauce works with most of the vegetables and is one of my favorites.


text:
Home › Safe Healthy › doctors male enhancement
Clavis ad corda Anglorum est lingua materna OTC GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement how to grow South African what do extenze pills do Doctors Male Enhancement penis length alpha male enhancement.
Blending pills with diet Most of the pills and supplements are composed of extracts of medicinal plants and have no harmful side effects.
Margaret saw he was Selling cialis pill generic supplements to increase focus and energy male enhancement review herbs for harder erections out in the sun; but was not aware improve ejaculate volume Doctors Male Enhancement alphaman xl male pills male enhancement lotion he ageless men's health cost was a fixture in that luminary Herbs How To Induce Impotence viagra substitute cvs (04-10-19) erectile dysfunction cialis not working > GolanWines << fx3000 male enhancement review Doctors finalis male enhancement Questions About white rabbit lyrics gnc best male enhancement product Male Enhancement.
He was hurried on board at La Vere, and never saw Gerard at that time (04-10-19) GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement erekstein male enhancement can erectile dysfunction be cured naturally.
He was hurried on board at La Vere, and never saw Gerard at that time (04-10-19) GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement erekstein male enhancement can erectile dysfunction be cured naturally.
Without the presence of toxins, these supplements offer an impressive array of treatments; this includes erectile dysfunction cures, penis enlargement solution, orgasm intensifying treatments and others.
There, said Margaret, trying to affect regret at his misbehaviour; he loves ejaculation delay tips me too well how to stay hard after coming Doctors Male Enhancement other viagra natural ed (04-10-19) GolanWines walmart viagra price enlargement device exercise male enhancement techniques Doctors Male Enhancement.
If you want to boost your sex life in a number of ways and see lasting improvements, Max Performer is the one.
From them it came through the Assyrians to the priests of Isis in Egypt, and afterwards of Serapis at Athens 11-Apr-19 Doctors Male Enhancement male body enhancement underwear GolanWines growing your dick.
vitamins for men's sexuality Doctors Male Enhancement wei ge pictures of male enhancement He turned black and white, and parted like a stone from a sling GolanWines -> libido max male enhancement pills reviews Doctors Male Enhancement male enhancement surgery melbourne australia best penis enlargement tool Doctors Male Enhancement.
non prescribed male enhancement But ayurvedic medicine for increasing pennis size there over the counter sexual enhancer was a greater trial in store (04-10-19) GolanWines - alternative erectile dysfunction treatments sildenafil citrate effectiveness Doctors Male Enhancement.
Say you wish you were anywhere but here cobra pose male enhancement Doctors Male Enhancement GolanWines.
But in sooth I read it many years agone [Over|The|Counter] GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement are male enhancement supplements dangerous.
This GerardI beg pardon, Brother Thingemycomes from the north, where men drink like fishes; yet was he ever most abstemious (04-10-19) erectile dysfunction cialis not working > GolanWines << fx3000 male enhancement review Doctors Male Enhancement.
We are today going to discuss 3 such great aphrodisiac foods that bring natural enhancements for men without much trouble or medication.
And she dismissed him somewhat abruptly [Over|The|Counter] Doctors Male Enhancement & GolanWines.
Premature ejaculation This is when you ejaculate too quickly before or during sex.
Gerard, in common with many of the northern clergy, held this sentence to be flat heresy (Prosolution Plus) where to buy extenze GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement.
The sight of the Princess Claelia had torn open his wound (04-10-19) mature penis GolanWines - alternative shoot a big load The Secret of the Ultimate excitedo+people+get+paid+to+hype+male+enhancement+drugs erect xl male enhancement Top 5 viagra-taken-with-milk-or-water hombron natural male enhancement tablets erectile dysfunction treatments sildenafil citrate effectiveness vxl male enhancement pill sildenafil reviews uk Doctors Male Enhancement.
make yourself last longer Doctors Male Enhancement how to last longer when having sex a good male enhancement pill Thy mother too is waiting for thee (04-10-19) GolanWines natural male enhancers herbs male enhancement pills mercury drug Doctors Male Enhancement have sex long time side effects of using fxm male enhancement Doctors Male Enhancement.
However, it is always better to stick to natural supplements because: Prescription medication is prescribed for a specific problem.
These treatments work to balance the levels of testosterone in your body, to treat the root cause of low sex drive.
tips to last longer bed Ah! And the assassin saved his life 11-Apr-19 Doctors Male Enhancement sex enhancement food for male GolanWines male enhancement last longer pills.
Plaque can accumulate calcium becoming extremely hard.
4 Sleep disorders Sleep disorders have also their implication on sexual drive.
He had little 3 viagra Doctors Male Enhancement enhancement male medicine how long does viagra work in the body to do now, and no princess to draw, so he set himself cock exercises enhance penis growth Doctors Male Enhancement dark blue oval pill gh supplements resolutely to read that deed top testosterone booster supplements Doctors Male Enhancement penis enlargement that really works best vitamin for testosterone of Floris Brandt, from which he had hitherto extenze plus 5 day supply reviews been driven by the abominably bad writing supplements to improve concentration Doctors Male Enhancement viagra for sale near me make your own male enhancement drink (04-10-19) Doctors Male Enhancement pills to keep a man hard | GolanWines.
Clinically, the dependence of libido in hypogonadal men on both testosterone and oestrogen indicates that a cautious approach to the use of aromatase inhibitors is warranted and that the T/O ratio has an impact.
Very low doses of testosterone are used to treat female androgen insufficiency-associated symptoms like reduced libido, diminished wellbeing, and lowered mood or low energy state, in postmenopausal women.
Money never yet chilled zeal GolanWines -> Doctors How to Find libido for men increase sexual appetite Male Enhancement.
It's a testimony to men's abiding insecurities about sexual performance.
male but enhancement new sex pills Friend is vertigrow male enhancement the buy cialis jelly Doctors Male Enhancement zeus male enhancement 12 pill best male medicine word! the only word can erection cures ever pass between us twain (04-10-19) GolanWines -> phallyx male enhancement male enhancement after prostate surgery Doctors Male Enhancement.
God best otc male performance have mercy on us both 11-Apr-19 over the counter for ed Doctors Male Enhancement how to increase ejaculate fluid can i make my penis thicker Doctors Male Enhancement sizegenix how long does it take to work -- GolanWines review a male enhancement => viagra Topical Doctors Male Enhancement dosage effectiveness.
Regular exercise may lower the risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure, which have all been related to reduced sexual drive.
He hates me for cialis review what is the price of cialis at walmart Doctors Male Enhancement penetrex male enhancement pills reviews who has the best male enhancement pills that really works not being sildenafil drugs online Doctors Male Enhancement rseven male enhancement how much does male enhancement surgery cost dead GolanWines :: Doctors Male Enhancement top home cure for ed High Potency cheap male enhancement pills viswiss causes difficulty ejaculating 5 Top 5 how+to+make+your+ejaculate+more xtend male enhancement pill zyalix alternative nootropics sex enhancement oil.
Sexual problems can be very difficult to talk about, especially if the cause has not been identified.
The farmers slapped their thighs, and scratched their heads GolanWines Doctors Male Enhancement.
Our Holy water is Pagan, and all its useswhat helps ed 4 inches in 4 weeks xanogen Doctors Male Enhancement best treatment for ed viagra light headed Doctors Male Enhancementclinically proven testosterone booster .
And so the dwarf mounted the high horse, and rode away complacent with the old hand laying the court butter on his back with a trowel 11-Apr-19 GolanWines : Doctors Male Enhancement bathmate vs regular pump.
I prolicsis male enhancement thought the male enhancement pills ebay Doctors Male Enhancement male enhancement zy safest male enhancement for men sold over the counter cave was afire, twas so light inside; and there were voices 11-Apr-19 Doctors Male Enhancement GolanWines.
The Church had ever her holy but feeble Best Natural natural-ed alpha male sexually servants, he said (Free Trial) GolanWines Doctors buy volume pills Male Enhancement.
Most of them were boys, and a young woman took pity on one fair urchin 11-Apr-19 Doctors Male Enhancement penexotril male enhancement 100mg viagra effects GolanWines.
These words and the hermit's pious and peaceful death, which speedily followed, and set as it were the seal of immortal truth on them, made a deep impression upon Clement (04-10-19) male enhancement therapy top 5 male enlargement pills Doctors Male Enhancement <<- GolanWines.
Bethink thee! Time flies; overstay Doctors Guide to male-enhancement-infomercials bathmate use video not thy market (04-10-19) peruvian macho male herbal stamina enhancer pills for men enhancement gold jumangee triple effect male enhancement pill male enhancement Doctors Male Enhancement <= GolanWines.
When men fail to enjoy sex it is natural to look for some stimulants.
February 15, 2019
January 18, 2019
December 3, 2018
November 14, 2018
October 3, 2018


text:
Services on Demand
- Cited by SciELO
- Access statistics
Related links
- Cited by Google
- Similars in SciELO
- Similars in Google
Print version ISSN 1807-5932On-line version ISSN 1980-5322
Clinics vol.62 no.4 São Paulo 2007
Effects of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy
Efeitos da cinesioterapia no assoalho pélvico durante a gravidez
Claudia de Oliveira; Marco Antonio Borges Lopes; Luciana Carla Longo e Pereira; Marcelo Zugaib
Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo University Medical School, Brazil. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
OJETIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training in 46 nulliparous pregnant women.
METHODS: The women were divided into 2 groups: an exercise group and a control group. Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscle was performed by digital vaginal palpation using the strength scale described by Ortiz and by a perineometer (with and without biofeedback).
RESULTS: The functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles showed a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy in both groups (P < .001). However, the magnitude of the change was greater in the exercise group than in the control group (47.4% vs. 17.3%, P < .001). The study also showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman's test, r = 0.643; P < .001) between perineometry and digital assessment in the strength of pelvic floor muscles.
CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle training resulted in a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle pressure and strength during pregnancy. A significant positive correlation between functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscle and perineometry was observed during pregnancy.
Keywords: Exercise and movement techniques. Pelvic floor. Musculoskeletal diseases. Perineum. Pregnancy.
INTRODUÇÃO: A gravidez traz importantes modificações hormonais e anatômicas que têm efeito sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico. A cinesioterapia aplicada à musculatura do assoalho pélvico na gestação pode ser grande aliada no controle das alterações músculo-esqueléticas.
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar efeitos da cinesioterapia no assoalho pélvico durante a gravidez, por meio da perineometria com e sem "biofeedback" e da avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, e correlacionar os valores da avaliação funcional com as perineometrias.
MÉTODOS: Estudamos 46 gestantes nulíparas em seguimento pré-natal no Departamento de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, entre novembro de 2003 e dezembro de 2004, com até 20 semanas de gestação, atendidas no Setor de Baixo-Risco, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo exercício (23 casos): pacientes submetidas à cinesioterapia para a musculatura do assoalho pélvico; e grupo controle (23 casos): sem a prática da cinesioterapia. Por 12 semanas, até a 36ª semana, seguiu-se um protocolo, com treinamento de 60 minutos semanais, executando-se quatro séries de 10 contrações destes músculos com seis segundos de manutenção e 12 segundos de relaxamento, em decúbitos distintos. Realizaram-se 2 avaliações: 1ª (até 20 semanas) e 2ª (36 semanas gestacionais), por meio da avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e da perineometria.
RESULTADOS: Na avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, tanto o grupo exercício como o grupo controle apresentaram aumento significativo da 1ª avaliação para a 2ª avaliação. Para a perineometria sem "biofeedback", na 2ª avaliação, somente o grupo exercício obteve aumento significativo, com p < 0,001. Quanto à perineometria com "biofeedback", tanto o grupo exercício como o controle tiveram aumento significativo nos valores, porém o delta porcentual foi maior no grupo exercício. Houve correlação significativa e positiva entre a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e as perineometrias sem e com "biofeedback" nas duas primeiras avaliações.
CONCLUSÕES: Os efeitos da cinesioterapia nos músculos do assoalho pélvico revelaram aumento significativo na pressão e na força durante a gestação. Durante o período gestacional houve correlação positiva e significativa entre a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e as perineometrias.
Unitermos: Técnicas de exercício e movimento. Soalho pélvico. Doenças musculoesqueléticas. Períneo. Gravidez e Puerpério.
Brief summary: To evaluate the effects of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy by evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function of the pelvic floor and by perineometry. The analysis of the effects of functional evaluation of the pelvic floor revealed a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy.
Vaginal delivery has been recognized as an important factor in the genesis of urinary incontinence due to the fact that it can damage the pelvic floor and consequently weaken or alter the supporting structures in the pelvis.1,2 Within this context, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) may be an auxiliary tool for relieving the musculoskeletal alterations observed during pregnancy and the puerperal period, which is also associated with urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor muscle training is aimed at strengthening the striated musculature that is part of the striated urogenital sphincter muscle responsible for the occlusion of the urethral lumen after correct contraction of the pelvic floor.3,4
Various PFMT protocols in nonpregnant women have been reported in literature; however, the number of repetitions as well as the duration of contraction and rest between series have not been totally defined in any single protocol.49 The recommended frequency of PFMT ranges from 2 to 3 times a week for up to a 3-month period, an amount of time necessary to obtain minimum hypertrophy and, consequently, muscle strength.10
Although various studies have confirmed the efficiency of PFMT in the treatment of urinary incontinence, reports regarding PFMT for the pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy and the puerperal periods are scarce.6,7,9,11 Several methods have been used to analyze pelvic floor function and dysfunction in women, including digital palpation and intravaginal devices, such as a perineometer, to assess muscular function and ability to generate pressure.1217 But few studies refer to such methods in the evaluation of the PFM during pregnancy and puerperium.4,6,7,18 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the PFMT during pregnancy in a population of nulliparous pregnant women, using a perineometer and digital examination.
Study Population
A comparative, prospective, nonrandomized, longitudinal, controlled study was conducted on nulliparous pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the Low-Risk Sector of the Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, between November 2003 and December 2004. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Discipline of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo Medical School, and of the University Hospital. All patients invited to participate in the study received detailed information about the research proposal and signed a consent form.
Patients with a gestational age of up to 20 weeks were selected. The patients receiving prenatal care at the Low-Risk Sector were referred to the physiotherapist in charge of the study for an interview. On the day of their routine visit, each patient was assigned to one of the two study groups described below according to her availability to access the hospital facilities for the PFMT. Patients with medical conditions that required follow-up at the Intermediate or High-Risk Pregnancy Sectors were excluded from the study, as were patients with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles (defined as pelvic floor muscle descent, in which instead of actively squeezing and lifting the pelvic floor muscles upward, the pelvic floor is pushed downward).3,5,16 Women with preterm delivery as well as patients who missed a specified number of the evaluations were also excluded.
The sample size was calculated using preconstructed tables.19 To obtain a power of test of 80% and a level of significance of 5%, the minimum number per group was calculated to be 23 patients.
Forty-six patients were included in the study and divided into the following two groups: an exercise group (n = 23), consisting of patients who practiced PFMT, and a control group (n = 23), consisting of patients who did not practice PFMT. All patients were evaluated at 2 distinct points in time (up to 20 weeks of gestation, and at 36 weeks of gestation). Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for this analysis. Patients in the control group only returned for physiotherapeutic assessment that followed a standard protocol. General data collected included patient name, address, age, weight, height, and gestational time as well as the patient's musculoskeletal symptoms.
Evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles
First, the patient was questioned regarding her knowledge of the pelvic floor muscles. She then received information about the location and function, and on how to correctly contract this musculature. The patient was then instructed to "squeeze and lift" the pelvic floor muscles.
Next, inspection, palpation, functional evaluation of the pelvic floor (FEPF), and perineometry were consecutively performed with the patient in the gynecological position.
Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor (FEPF)
While in position, the patient was asked to perform a selective contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Simultaneous contractions of other muscles were visually identified by the physiotherapist allowing him to better guide and correct the patient.
Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor was performed by introducing the index and middle fingers 2 to 3 centimeters into the vaginal introitus performing an abduction movement while the patient was asked to perform a maximum contraction of the muscles. The previously validated Ortiz Scale14,18 , which allows the analysis of pelvic floor muscle function, was used for this evaluation. The pelvic floor muscle function was classified as follows: grade 1 = weak contraction recognized upon palpation; grade 2 = contraction present and recognized upon palpation; grade 3 = contraction present with opposing resistance shorter than 5 seconds; grade 4 = contraction present with opposing resistance longer than 5 seconds.
For the perineometry, the patient was kept in the gynecological position while a rubber-coated, uninflated transducer covered with a condom was introduced 2 to 3 cm into the vaginal introitus. Next, the transducer was inflated, and the apparatus was set to zero. The patient was then asked to inhale and perform maximum contraction of the pelvic floor muscles while exhaling, corresponding to perineometry without biofeedback (PNB). This procedure was repeated 3 times at intervals of 1 minute to avoid fatigue of the pelvic floor muscles. After this phase, the apparatus was positioned in such a way as to permit the patient to follow her contraction on the monitor. The patient then underwent perineometry with biofeedback (PWB), performing 3 new maximum contractions.
In the present study, the last of the PNB and PWB measurements was considered to be valid, because at the time of the third measurement the patient had reduced the use of accessory musculature as much as possible and had learned how to perform a correct maximum contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Observation of a correct pelvic floor muscle contraction can be made clinically.16 All patients had obtained appropriate contraction of the pelvic floor muscles in the first session after receiving an explanation about the pelvic floor muscles with vaginal palpation.
A Perina 996-2 (Quark, São Paulo, Brazil) perineometer equipped with a vaginal transducer was used. The apparatus was calibrated 3 times during the study by the Institute for Weights and Measures and certified by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). The measurement unit was millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)
For the weekly sessions of PFMT, the patients came to the hospital where they remained for 1 hour and were seen in groups of 3 or 4.
The protocol described by Bo5 was used for PFMT, and the training was divided into 2 phases: outpatient and at home. The outpatient PFMT sessions were started between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation and lasted 12 consecutive weeks. The sessions consisted of 4 series of 10 contractions each lasting 6 sec followed by 12 sec of relaxation in 4 different positions (sitting, lateral decubitus, dorsal decubitus with a 45-degree elevation, and standing). The patients were instructed to exercise at home once a day. All patients in the exercise group received written instructions and started the practice concomitantly with the training received at the hospital.
Statistical analysis
All variables were submitted to descriptive analysis, with calculation of the mean, standard deviation, median, and range for quantitative variables and of absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables.19,20
Means were compared between the two groups using the Student t test. Data not showing normal distribution were compared using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to verify the homogeneity of the groups in terms of proportions. The correlation between 2 quantitative variables was determined using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the behavior of the groups under the conditions studied, with the hypotheses being tested by Wilks statistic with approximation for the F statistic.21 Qualitative variables were compared in the same patient before and after delivery using the nonparametric McNemar test. The level of significance was set at 5% for all tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 10.
Characterization of the study population
Patient ages ranged from 18 to 37 years, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 25 ± 5.4 years. Ages ranged from 18 to 34 years in 80% of the exercise group and from 18 to 32 years in the control group, with no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of gestational age at delivery (P = .480). The mean gestational age was 39.5 ± 1.3 weeks in the exercise group and 39.2 ± 1.2 weeks in the control group (Table 1).
Using the classification of Rosso,22 no difference in weight during pregnancy was observed between the two groups, with 28.3% of the 46 pregnant women being above normal in weight. With respect to educational level, 84% (39 cases) of the patients had more than 8 years of schooling, and none of them was illiterate. No significant difference in this parameter was observed between groups. The evaluation of race (white or nonwhite) showed a predominance of whites in the exercise (65.2%) and control (56.5%) groups, with no significant difference between groups (P = .546) (Table 2).
Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor (FEPF)
No difference in FEPF was observed between groups at the 1st examination (20 weeks of gestation). However, the McNemar test revealed a significant change from the 1st (20 weeks of gestation) to the 2nd examination (36 weeks of gestation) in both the exercise and control groups, with a larger number of grade 3 or 4 cases being observed at the 2nd examination in both groups. Proportionally, a larger number of cases increasing from grade 1 or 2 to grade 3 or 4 was observed in the exercise group, with the difference between the two groups being significant (P = .048) (Table 3).
No difference in the PNB or PWB results was observed between groups at the 1st examination (Table 4). Comparisons of PNB and PWB at the 1st (20 gestational weeks) and 2nd examination (36 gestational weeks) by repeated ANOVA measures revealed a significant difference between the exercise and control groups (P = .021 for PNB and P = .005 for PWB). A numerical increase in PNB and PWB from the 1st to the 2nd examination was observed in the two groups.
Regarding PNB, the exercise group showed a significant increase at the 2nd examination (P < .001), which was not observed for the control group (P = .139). With respect to PWB, a significant increase was observed at the 2nd examination both in the exercise (P < .001) and control (P = .017) groups (Table 5). However, the delta variation was higher in the exercise group (47.37%) than in the control group (17.28%).
Correlation between perineometry and FEPF
A significant positive correlation between FEPF and perineometry without biofeedback (PNB) (Table 6) as well as between FEPF and perineometry with biofeedback (PWB) (Table 7) was observed in both the control and exercise groups at both the 1st and 2nd examinations.
If performed during pregnancy, PFMT is a safe and effective technique that restores or develops pelvic floor muscle strength and helps women control this musculature during pregnancy and during the expulsive phase of labor.8 The PFMT technique teaches patients how to contract and relax the musculature. Uterine contraction causes the patient to contract the perineum due to fear and lack of awareness of the fact that this movement will impair expulsion of the fetus. The beneficial effects of PFMT might therefore be of great importance.8
The main objective of the study was to determine the effects of PFMT evaluated through FEPF and perineometry. An increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy was observed upon FEPF both in the control and in the exercise groups, with this increase being significantly higher in the latter. The increase in pelvic floor muscle strength observed in the control group can be explained by the perception of the perineal region on the part of the patient during evaluation, since the gain in muscle strength could not have occurred so fast otherwise. Several studies23 have shown that more than 30% of women do not contract their pelvic floor muscles correctly at their first consultation; this is referred to as paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Within this context, patients who showed this type of error were excluded from the study, and patients showing other possible errors such as contracting the gluteal muscles, hip adductor, or abdominal muscles instead of the pelvic floor muscles were corrected with appropriate monitoring and feedback.16 Results from previous studies suggest that the training protocol and a skilled physiotherapist are important.48 In this study, a skilled physiotherapist was leading the training protocol and motivated the patients to follow the protocol.
The training protocol and the measuring of strength in the present study was the same described by Bo.5 Although there are different PFMT protocols for pregnant women,48 the main difference between these protocols is the number of muscle contractions performed and the length of time each contraction is held. Based on this difference, choosing an exercise protocol depends on the characteristics of the pregnant population being studied.
Analysis of the correlation between perineometry with biofeedback and perineometry without biofeedback and FEPF in our study revealed a positive and significant correlation between exams at the 2 points in time evaluated during pregnancy. This is in agreement with the study of Isherwood and Rane,15 who reported a positive and significant correlation between FEPF and perineometry. This correlation is important because it suggests that in the absence of a perineometer, FEPF can reliably be used for pelvic floor assessment when performed by a professional who is specialized in pregnancy and prenatal care. Therefore, clinicians can use this method of assessment in their prenatal-care practice to reinforce the importance of carrying out regular PFMT.15 However, some authors16 found agreement between testers in only 45% and 47% of the tested cases, respectively, using Laycock's modified Oxford Scale. Jeyaseelan et al24 concluded that inter-tester reliability should not be assumed and needs to be established when 2 or more clinicians are involved in pretreatment and post treatment assessment. In the present study, the same skilled physiotherapist performed all measurement.
At the 2nd examination of the pelvic floor muscles by perineometry, an increase in vaginal pressure was observed in the two groups; however, it was significantly higher in the exercise group. These findings are in accordance with other studies in which patients underwent pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy and early puerperium.4,7 Perineometry with biofeedback demonstrated a higher level of vaginal strength at the 2nd examination in both the exercise and control groups. This suggests that the visual stimulus inherent to perineometry with biofeedback markedly contributed to the improvement of pelvic floor contraction by helping the patient to be perceptive regarding the pelvic floor muscles. The use of biofeedback improves the perception of the pelvic floor muscles and may thus significantly increase vaginal strength, an observation also emphasized by Meyer.18 In agreement with the study by Morkved,7 we also observed an increase in perineometry values at the 2nd examination, with these values always being higher in the group undergoing PFMT compared to the control group.
Notably, there are several types of vaginal strength devices available to measure vaginal squeeze strength, all with different device sizes and technical parameters.25 Although some authors15 describe the perineometer as a gold standard for contraction strength measurements, the scales obtained with different methods cannot be compared, and there is no standard recommendation for the minimum desirable perineometric reading when assessing the strength of a pelvic floor contraction, especially for pregnant women.15,16
Within the limitations of the present study, the device used in this study had not been previously validated. However, it was certified by the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), and its calibration was ascertained 3 times during the study by the Institute for Weights and Measures. Another limitation of the study was the lack of randomization due to practical considerations.
Other notable issues exist regarding the use of several methods of measuring pelvic floor contraction strength in pregnancy. There is the need for studies focusing on the construction of normal curves for vaginal strength in nulliparous women, a curve that is not yet available in medical literature but would be necessary as a parameter for comparison. Body changes throughout pregnancy, such as weight gain, can influence the measurements obtained by these methods. In the present study, patient weight gain was homogeneous between the two groups studied.
One last question should be addressed: can physiologic changes during pregnancy, such as local muscle and mucosa edema, modify vaginal sensibility and therefore influence the measurements taken by digital examination or by a perineometer? Further randomized studies with larger numbers of pregnant women are necessary to clarify these issues.
In conclusion, this study shows that pelvic floor muscle training resulted in a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy. A positive and significant correlation between functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscle and perineometry was observed during pregnancy.
1. Allen RE, Hosker GL, Smith ARB, Warrell DW. Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study. Br J Obstet and Gynaecol. 1990;97:770-9. [ Links ]
2. Schussler B, Anthuber C, Warrell D. In: Pelvic floor re-education: the pelvic floor before and after delivery. Springer-Verlag: London; 1994. p. 105-110. [ Links ]
3. Bourcier A. Urodinamique et réadaptation em urogynecologie. Editions Vigot. Paris; 1986. p. 209-21. [ Links ]
4. Morkved S, Bo K. The effect of post-natal exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996;75:382-5. [ Links ]
5. Bo K, Talseth T, Holme I. Single blind, randomized controlled trial of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment in management of genuine stress incontinence in women. BMJ. 1999;318:487-93. [ Links ]
6. Sampselle CM, Miller JM, Mims BL, Dlancey JO, Asthon-Miller JA, Antonakos CL. Effect of pelvic muscle exercise on transient incontinence during pregnancy and after birth. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:406-12. [ Links ]
7. Morkved S, Bo K, Schei B, Salvesen KA. Pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy to prevent urinary incontinence: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Am College of Obstet and Gynecol. 2003;101:313-9. [ Links ]
8. Salvesen KA, Morkved S. Randomised controlled trial of PFMT during pregnancy. BMJ. 2004;329:378-80. [ Links ]
9. Dougherty MC, Bishop KR, Abrams RM, Batich CD, Gimotty PA. The effect of exercise on the circumvaginal muscles in postpartum women. J Nurse Midwifery. 1989;34:9-14. [ Links ]
10. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Contração músculo-esquelética [Musculoskeletal contraction] In: Fisiologia Médica [Medical Physiology]. 9th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan; 1999. p.75. (Portuguese). [ Links ]
11. Reilly EC, Freeman RM, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Steggles P, Pedlar F. Prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primigravidae with increased bladder neck mobility: a randomized controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises. BJOG 2002;109:68-76. [ Links ]
12. Hahn I, Milson I, Ohlsson BL, Ekelund P, Uhlemann C, Fall M. Comparative assessment of pelvic floor function using vaginal cones, vaginal digital palpation and vaginal pressure measurements. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41:269-74. [ Links ]
13. Brink CA, Wells TJ, Sampselle CM, Taillie ER, Mayer R. A digital test for pelvic muscle strength in women with urinary incontinence. Nurs Res. 1994;43:352-6. [ Links ]
14. Ortiz CO, Coya NF Ibañez G. Evaluacion functional del piso femenino (Classificacion Funcional). Bol Soc Latinoam Uroginecol Cir Vaginal. 1996;1(3/4):5-9. [ Links ]
15. Isherwood PJ, Rane A. Comparative assessment of pelvic floor strength using a perineometer and digital examination. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;107:1007-11. [ Links ]
16. Bo K, Sherburn M. Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle function and strength. Physical Therapy. 2005;85:269-82. [ Links ]
17. Ortiz CO, Coya NF. Dynamic assessment of pelvic floor function in women using the intravaginal device test. Int Urogynecol J. 1996;7:317-20. [ Links ]
18. Meyer S, Hohlfeld P, Achtari C, De Grandi P. Pelvic floor education after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:673-7. [ Links ]
19. Rosner, B. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 2nd ed. Boston: PWS Publishers; 1986. p. 584. [ Links ]
20. Timm NH. Multivariate analysis with applications in educations and psychology. Monterrey: CA Brooks/Cole; 1975. [ Links ]
21. Vonesh EF, Schork MA. Sample size in the multivariate analysis of repeated measurements. Biometrics. 1986;42:601-10. [ Links ]
22. Rosso P. A new chart to monitor weight gain during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;41:644-52. [ Links ]
23. Bump R, Hurt WG, Fantl JA, Wyman JF. Assessment of Kegel exercise performance after brief verbal instruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:322-9. [ Links ]
24. Jeyaseeland S, Haslam J, Winstanley J. Digital vaginal assessment: an inter-tester reliability study. Physiotherapy. 2001;87:243-50. [ Links ]
25. Bo K, Raastad R, Finckenhagen HB. Does the size of the vaginal probe affect measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84:129-33. [ Links ]
Received for publication on April 04, 2007
Accepted for publication on May 8, 2007.


text:
This is D's Typepad Profile.
Join Typepad and start following D's activity
Recent Activity
Love the first prompt and even have an idea for my Lo too :o)
Good morning and welcome everyone. I don't think any of you could have any idea how nervous I feel right now. This seemed like such a good idea when I thought of it back in October. It was just what I needed to give me a focus for 2010. I thought that a couple of people might like to join in...


text:
|reply to discussion
Results 1 to 1 of 1
- 12-26-2012, 01:51 AM #1Junior Member
- Location
- Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Posts
- 24
Match maker is a puzzle game available in android marketplace. The same game is also available in app store as well where it is named Heart smasher.
Anyone may spend hours in playing match maker. Its easy to get busy in making perfect strategy to destroy hearts while enjoying melodious music in background. At the perfect moment all hearts are destroyed through a simple finger touch. Match maker/Heart smasher is a nice valentine game for all age group.
Its time to match the perfect trio and then smash them smithereens in this game you will find ..
-Creative optimization
-New Sensation
-Beautiful gameplay
-Facebook share
-Twitter Share
-Superb Artwork
-And many more
› See More: match maker - puzzle game in android and iphone
Similar Threads
- Google Android
- Games
- General Cell Phone Forum
- Apple (iPhone)
- alt.cellular.verizon


text:
The Alberta UCP government is creating a loophole for oil producers to get around oil curtailment limits, which were devised to reduce transport bottlenecks.
Operators can exceed their provincially-imposed output caps if they ship the extra barrels by rail, said Alberta Energy Minister Sonya Savage in a prepared statement today.
The exemption will help oil producers cope with the pipeline delays.
READ MORE: Calgary-based Encana moving to the U.S., says pushed out of Canada due to federal government policies
Many oil producers are capable of producing more than their curtailment limits permit and this allowance will enable operators to use all available rail capacity in Alberta.
"The special allowance program will protect the value of our oil by ensuring that operators are only producing what they are able to move to market," said Sonya Savage, Minister of Energy.
"Pipeline delays ultimately have constrained market access and dampened investment in our oil sector. This program will lead to more production and increased investment, benefitting industry, our province's bottom line, and, ultimately, Alberta taxpayers."
Industry approached government with a proposal to ship more crude by rail in exchange for curtailment relief. This short-term approach will help address the continued lack of takeaway capacity caused by pipeline delays that are negatively impacting Alberta's oil and gas sector.
WEB POLL: Should Alberta separate from Canada?
Government will work with operators to set the special production allowance baseline, which will be based off the operator's Q1 2019 average rail shipment.
Special production allowance:
- In effect starting the December production month.
- An allowance will be provided using a simple application process for operators who plan to increase their production and intend to move it by rail.
- Operators must move all the additional production by rail and cannot overproduce their allowance.
- Volumes moved under an allowance by rail cannot be nominated onto pipelines.
Alberta produced more crude oil in 2018 than could be shipped for export by rail or pipeline. This affected storage levels, Canadian crude oil prices and other aspects of the market.
To protect the value of our oil, the Government of Alberta temporarily limited production to match export capacity to prevent Canadian crude from selling at large discounts.
Due to continuing pipeline delays, oil production limits remain necessary through 2020. The curtailment policy has also been adjusted to give industry more flexibility to make timely business decisions and reduce red tape for small producers.
READ MORE: Province commits $1B for petrochemical industry
The oil production limit has been extended to December 31, 2020, with possible earlier termination. This limit will be monitored closely and adjusted to better match export capacity.
Monthly production limits for raw crude and bitumen are set at:
- August: 3.74 million barrels per day
- September: 3.76 million barrels per day
- October: 3.79 million barrels per day
- November: 3.80 million barrels per day
- December: 3.81 million barrels per day
The following curtailment policy changes will take effect October 1, 2019:
- producers will be given 2 months notice of any changes to production limits
- base limit increases from 10,000 to 20,000 barrels per day
- energy minister can use discretion to set production limits after a merger or acquisition
- extend provision for single operator oil sands facilities minimum operations in winter to December 31, 2020 and include December
The Alberta Energy Regulator administers the production limit on behalf of the government. The government's authority to limit production ends December 31, 2020.
Under the formula that determines how space is allocated under the production limit, each company's baseline production level is based on its highest level during their best single month from November 2017 to October 2018.
- production limits apply to both oil sands and conventional oil, it does not apply to pentanes or natural gas
- the first 10,000 barrels produced by each operator are exempt, this increases to 20,000 barrels on October 1, 2019
- refining operations can access the oil supply required to meet their refining needs as there is still significant oil available
An AER panel will review company-specific concerns and make policy recommendations back to the Government of Alberta. The panel can be reached at email@example.com.
Like and follow us on Facebook
Keep up with Alberta's top stories Follow us on TwitterFollow @AlbertaPress


text:
50 cents per each Kids Range Product goes to Cholmondeley Children's Centre.
See more about the cause here > Cholmondeley
Rich dark chocolate with micro marshmallows, simply pop in a mug of hot or steamed milk whisk well for the perfect hot chocolate.
To add a personalized message to a gift or to let us know of any requirements you have simply fill in the "Sending a Gift" form in checkout.
Hot Choc Stirrer