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text:
We are interrupting your regular programming for this message from our friends at Cyclist
Are you a fan of cycling or are you just dipping your toe into the world of two-wheel training? Did you find that you also have a little more time to listen to podcasts?
If so, you may want to listen to the brand new Cyclist Magazine podcast starting this week.
Every second Thursday, digital author Joe Robinson and deputy editor James Spender in Paris-Roubaix discuss a range of topics from the wonderful world of bicycle technology, forgotten heroes of the rich history of cycling, professional team sponsors from the past. In addition to our favorite climbs, Athletes and Gran Fondos from around the world.
There can even be one or two quizzes.
We will record live from WorldTour races, industry events and even from the top of a mountain or two (if we can all be outside again) to bring you insights and expertise from the world of cycling from the people who do it know best.
Episode 1
Episode 1 will be released on Thursday May 7th. We discuss the hidden gem of Colle Fauniera, our cover story from issue 100 of Cyclist the story of Eddy Merckx and his bike company of the same name and why Ferrero Rocher chocolates contain no alcohol.
From then on we bring you a new episode every other Thursday and you can access the Cyclist Magazine podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcast, Stitcher, Spotify or wherever you can find podcasts.
Below you will find links to our trailer as well as to Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Listen to and subscribe to our trailer to be notified when our first episode ends. You are also welcome to leave a comment so that we know what you would like to discuss.
Listen to and subscribe to Apple podcasts
Follow Spotify and listen
Source link

subset: commoncrawl


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It was a full day: Up at 5:30 and time alone with God. Head off to church for weekly prayer time at 8:30 am with a few brothers. Then straight into the theological book club (just me and another brother at this point) session. This was followed by some alone time where I could pray, read and reflect, before heading to the front door to welcome and greet people coming to church. After the church service, some time of chit chat with a few people, dropped in to check out the inaugural Japanese outreach meeting, before rushing home to welcome a young couple and their adorable baby for lunch.
After a brief rest, it was off to a friend's place to catch up over dinner: we had a leisurely dinner where we went around and shared our lives: aspirations, challenges, and changes. In particular, the wife shared her decision to step out in faith and be more intentional in her passion for leading spiritual retreats. This led to a discussion on the place of art in church life—which largely is largely non-existent in most churches, hindered as it is by current structures and traditions. We shared our yearning for a more authentic and intimate expression of church, a desire that neither of us could fully express in words, but which we both knew and understood.
What a blessed day to spend a day and evening in conversation with brothers and sisters! Too bad Sunday morning church services don't allow for such conversations in any depth …
"At its heart are people wrestling with the Spirit and one another to know the truth, grace and freedom of Christ in all the particulars of who they are and what fills their lives. I think of them as 'grace-full conversations'. Conversations marked by grace. Conversations full of grace. Conversations that bring grace."
― Mark Strom, Reframing Paul: Conversations in Grace & Community


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All the Photos From I Got 5 On It at Touch Supper Club
Prev Next
Terry Urban was back at the helm for this month's edition of the long-running I Got 5 On It dance party at Touch Supper Club. Here's everything we saw.
November 25, 2017
Photos by Emanuel Wallace
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text: Happy Veterans Day Leave a Comment I am so grateful for you. I am grateful for the time you sacrifice, the comfort of your home and family you sacrifice, and most importantly, those who end up having to sacrifice their lives. You all amaze me. I am going to admit something ugly about myself right now- when J and I first started to get serious I told him that I wouldn't ever want him to go into the military. I selfishly wanted him here with me, always. How horrible am I?! So many wives and husbands out there every.day. are longing for their loved ones to come home. Moms and dads praying that their sons and daughters make it back safely. To those who serve {have served} and to those who have family members that do, you are my hero. via I posted this back in 2011, and simply copied it. Why? Because those are the same words I would have written today. You all are still my heroes. Thank you. Share this:GooglePinterestFacebookTwitter


text: Northeast Wrestling › Videos › NEW: Interactive - Episode 4: A Scout's Honor NEW: Interactive - Episode 4: A Scout's Honor As part of a $9.99 Subscription $4.99 Own Author: Northeast Wrestling Category: NorthEast Wrestling Episode 4 of NEW: Interactive, with "Manscout" Jake Manning. Catch these episodes LIVE on Youtube, every Sunday at 8pm, where you can chat, comment, and ask questions with your favorite NEW stars! Watch Practically Anywhere. Online, from your iOS device with a free download stream to Apple TV or Google Chromecast


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Grupo ASSA, a Consulting and Outsourcing company that helps clients with their Business Process Transformation through Information Technology, has announced that Pedro Massalin has joined the company as Senior Corporate Finance Director.
Leading Industry Experts Advise Mining Companies on Alternative Case Resolution to address MSHA citations and penalties. ACRI enables companies to adjudicate minor citations before Administrative Law Judges, often reducing penalties by 90% or more.
Wall Street Images hires Amadeus Consulting to promote and market the Maptool X iPhone Application.
USA-FACT hires Orianna Tucker as Client Relations Manager.
Washington, D.C. based Health Communications Firm Hires New Account Executive.
Aurora Hires Dugan as Senior Vice President.
Bailey will be based in the company's New York City office.
Allied Wire & Cable has added an industry veteran to its sales force. Chuck Meyers has over 25 years in the wire and cable industry, with experience at Alpha Wire, Olympic Wire and Anixter, Inc. He will be the District Sales Manager for PA, NJ, MD and DE.
Porsche of North Houston has hired a new General Manager! The new GM, Kelly Wolf, brings to the Porschecentric team an extensive background and proven performance.
Pearson IT Security announced that Lester Banks has been named chief technology officer for the company's IT Security business.
Pearson IT Security today announced that Mark Haskill has been hired as the company's new senior vice president of sales, with responsibility over global direct sales and IT consulting services.
Digital platform targeting company also promotes former Advertising.com account executive to Senior Manager, Client Services.
Pearson IT hires IT expert as new Account Executive.
"SOAR Communications is a perfect fit for us because it understands how all aspects of the sports and cycling industries interconnect and how our business can be a positive agent for growth and change."
Wyndham Orange County hires Robert Biebrich as Executive Chef of on-site Terranova restaurant. The recipient of two-Michelin stars, Biebrich brings first-rate culinary skills to the Orange County food and beverage staff.


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Wireless ON/OFF & 0-10VDC Module
Full Lighting Controls - Wireless System
The Wireless ON/OFF Module includes the 1EA of 10Ampere Latching Relay and it is consist of International Standard IEEE802.15.4 ZIGBEE communication. Several LED fixtures can be grouped together to turn On/Off wirelessly at once and if necessary, send out the 0-10VDC signal to control the Dimming of LED Fixture.
Main Feature
…International Standard IEEE 802.15.4 ZIGBEE Communication.
…The Max. 254EA of Gateways have Stand Alone Function.
…The Max. 127EA of AG(Access Group).
…Less than 5EA of actual AG configuration.
…The one Gateway(WG) is configured within 5EA of AGs, and one AG is
designed with 64EA Wireless Dimming Modules.
…The LED Fixture Load control up to 10 Ampere circuit.
…100% Dimming by the 0-10VDC Signal.(1 - 254 Steps)
…It has the Self-Diagnosis function to indicate the status of dimming output error & communication error.
…Applied at Office area
…Applied at Underground Parking Lot area
…Applied at Conference Room
…Applied at Hallway and Lobby area
…Applied at Class room and Restaurant area
…Applied at Office Building, Shopping Mall, Hotel,
Residential Complex, Terminal and Public Area to
be as efficient management system for Lighting
& Black-out.
…Dimming Scene Control for LED Lamp's
Individual & Group.
…The Auto LED Dimming Control due to external
…The LED Dimming Control due to Movement
Detecting Sensor.
…The Installation is easy due to Wireless
Communication and the Maintenance is
…By the Self-Diagnosis Function, the
Maintenance is convenient
…The various function is taking advantage due to
actual installation of the operating experience.
Dimension of Layout
[Electrical Specification]
1.Hardware Function & Structure
…220VAC Power Supply.
…Operating Part : Relay ON/OFF control part, 0~10V
Dimming Control part, Current Sensing part.
…MCU : ZigBee Core Processor.
…Input Power : AC220V, 60Hz
…Operating Power : DC12V, 3.3V, and Other power.
…Operating Part : Relay ON/OFF control,
…Address Setting : 1~64.
…Dimming Control (0~10V) - 1CH Support.
…Latch Relay (16A) - 1EA Internal.
4.Operation Environment
…Operation Source : 220VAC (+-10%), 60Hz.
…Operation Condition : 0 ~ 60°C, 0 ~ 90% RH.
5.Communication Method
…ZigBee Network : (IEEE 802.15.4).
[Basic Function]
…The Address of each Wireless Module is set in
order of Gateway > Access Group > WDM.
…The LED FLASH ON/OFF for Warning & Checking
Circuit Function
…Self-Diagnosis Function : Communication Error,
Dimming Output Error, Group Info, Scene Info and
Sensor Enable or not)
…Relay ON/OFF Control.
…Group Feeder ON/OFF Control.
…0 ~ 10V Dimming Control (0~100%).
…Address Setting : 1~64.
Connection Diagram


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The No. 22 Merrimack College women's lacrosse program will look to cap off its Cinderella postseason run with a conference title on Sunday when the Warriors battle defending league and national champion Le Moyne in the Northeast-10 Conference Championship at Ted Grant Field. Game time is set for 1 p.m.
Merrimack in the NE10 Championship:
- Merrimack is making its 14th appearance in the league tournament, third most in the league, and second straight after going five seasons (2013-17) without doing so.
- Following its upset as the No. 7 seed over second-seeded Adelphi on Wednesday, Merrimack has now reached the semifinal round of the tournament 10 times and did so for the second straight year after not advancing past the quarterfinal from 2011-17.
- The Warriors have also reached their fourth NE10 Championship game and first since 2006 after their upset over New Haven on Saturday in the semifinals. They fell to Stonehill on all three of their previous occasions (2001, 2005, 2006).
Five Things To Know:
- Despite an impressive 8-5 record in the conference standings, Merrimack finished as the No. 7 seed for the 2019 NE10 Championship due to a logjam in the standings that saw five teams separated by one win and a four-way tie for third place. But that hasn't dissuaded the Warriors in either of their first two postseason games. They made history by upsetting seven-time champion Adelphi in the quarterfinal round by a 16-14 margin before running by sixth-seeded New Haven in the semifinals on Saturday by a 15-11 tally. Adelphi had reached the NE10 Finals in each of the last nine years and had won a league-high seven titles in that span but were denied the opportunity to do so after Merrimack's victory, the first for the program over the Panthers since 2001.
- Merrimack went 5-4 down the stretch in the regular season, outscoring its opponents 125-84 in that span while averaging nearly 14 goals per game. They have 31 goals in two NE10 Championship games (15.5/game). All of Merrimack's losses this year have been against nationally ranked teams, as well as one Division I opponent.
- Merrimack is now averaging 13.27 goals per game while yielding 10.17 per game on the other end, ranking fifth and fourth, respectively, in the NE10 in both category. They've scored 10-plus goals in 16 out of their 18 games thus far while limiting opponents to single digits in nine games, as well.
- With 12 hat tricks in 18 games, senior Amber Feminella continues to lead the team in scoring with 78 points on the season (57g, 21a). She is one point away from tying the all-time school record and seven goals away from doing the same. Sophomore Haley Bartlett is right behind her with 71 points (58, 13a) and recently passed 100 for her career, while junior Ally DaCosta is the team's top playmaker with 46 assists and has 68 points overall (including 32 in her last four outings). She set the school's single-game scoring record against Franklin Pierce last week and also hit the career assist century mark. Feminella also leads the team with 85 draw controls, ahead of rookie Olivia Valdes' 43, while sophomore Kelsey Dalyhas caused 16 turnovers, the most by any Warrior. Senior Lauren Trepaney has started every game in net and ranks in the top-26 nationally in both goaltending categories and in the top-four in the NE10 (10.28 GAA, .515 SV%).
- Merrimack will be looking for its first-ever win against Le Moyne in 10 tries; Sunday will be the first postseason meeting between the two schools. The Dolphins are 19-0 and reached the finals after dispatching fifth-seeded Assumption, 14-6. Bryanna Fazio's 87 points are most for Le Moyne (62g, 25a) as are her 140 draw controls. She is one of three players over 60 points. Hannah George's numbers in net are sparkling; in 19 starts she owns a 5.38 GAA and .548 SV%.


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21 days after fertilization - the heart begins to beat. By 4 weeks, the heart typically beats between 105 and 121 times per minute.
Doctors use several different methods to listen to the fetal heartbeat. At about 3 weeks when the heart first begins to beat, the sound of the little heart is too soft to hear. Very soon after this, they can see the motion using ultrasound technology. A doctor's stethoscope is not sensitive enough to hear the embryo's heart beating.
A special stethoscope called a fetoscope works well when the fetus is larger, usually around 15-17 weeks. An active fetus however, can make this method of listening a bit challenging. Often when the fetoscope is finally in the right place on the woman's belly, her fetus will change positions and the doctor must move the stethoscope again in search of the fetal heartbeat.
The presence of a fetal heartbeat confirms pregnancy, as long as doctors are certain to distinguish the fetal heartbeat from the mother's. Usually this is not difficult as the fetus has a much faster heart rate than the mother.
Taken with a doppler ultrasound
Norm and Debra Copeland - This is our baby's heartbeat at 17wks. The random blips are the baby moving!
[1]. F Gary Cunningham, Paul C. MacDonald, Norman F. Grant, et al., Williams Obstetrics, 20th ed. (Stamford: Appleton and Lange, 1997), 30


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Iranian forces may have killed more than 1,000 in recent protests, official says
US says Iranian regime killed more than 1,000 protesters
Rich Edson reports the Trump administration is accusing the Iranian regime of killing more than 1, 000 people during protests.
More than 1,000 people may have been killed by security forces in Iran amid recent protests, a senior state department official said Thursday, one day after authorities in the Islamic Republic acknowledged that demonstrators have been shot and killed in the unrest.
Brian Hook, the U.S. special envoy for Iran, told reporters at the State Department that American officials have seen a video of one incident in which the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps had mowed down at least 100 people with machine-gun fire. He said the U.S. had received and reviewed video of that incident in the city of Noshahr.
"In this one incident alone, the regime murdered as many as 100 Iranians and possibly more," Hook told reporters
Amnesty International believes at least 208 people were killed in the protests and security force crackdown that followed. Other groups, such as the France-based National Council of Resistance of Iran, claim that 1,029 have been killed in protests across 189 cities.
Iran disputes Amnesty's figures but so far has refused to release any nationwide casualty or arrest figures. Hook, who cited unspecified reports on Thursday and did not provide any evidence of the death toll, said Iranian forces may have killed upwards of 1,000 people in response to the protests.
"We have seen reports of many hundreds more killed in and around Tehran," he said. "And, as the truth is trickling out of Iran, it appears the regime could have murdered over 1,000 Iranian citizens since the protests began." The dead include 13- and 14-year-old children, he said.
In this Nov. 20, 2019, file photo, people walk past buildings that were burned during recent protests, in Shahriar, Iran, some 25 miles southwest of the capital, Tehran.
(AP Photo/Vahid Salemi, File)
Iran's mission to the United Nations did not immediately respond to a request for comment by the Associated Press, and there was no immediate comment on state media in Iran.
On Wednesday, Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has final say over all state matters in the Islamic Republic, said that those detained in recent gasoline price protests should be treated with "Islamic mercy."
The state-run IRNA news agency quoted Khamenei as responding to a report on the unrest from the country's Supreme National Security Council.
"The faster these cases are considered, the better and those who are suspected of being close to any group should be dealt with in a way that is closer to Islamic mercy," Khamenei said, according to IRNA.
Amnesty International says at least 208 people in Iran have been killed amid protests over sharply rising gasoline prices and a subsequent crackdown by security forces. The country has yet to release any nationwide statistics about the unrest last month.
(AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi, File)
The demonstrations began Nov. 15 after the government raised minimum gasoline prices by 50 percent to 15,000 Iranian rials per liter. Cheap gasoline is practically considered a birthright in Iran, home to the world's fourth-largest crude oil reserves despite decades of economic woes, according to the Associated Press.
The country is also in the midst of widespread economic discontent in the wake of President Trump imposing crushing sanctions in May 2018 after unilaterally withdrawing the United States from the nuclear deal. That decision has seen Iran begin to break limits of the deal, as well as a series of attacks across the Mideast that America has blamed on Tehran.
The unrest that erupted last month was the bloodiest in Iran since the time of the Islamic Revolution. The 2009 Green Movement protests that followed a disputed presidential election drew millions to the streets but saw far less killing.
After the violence erupted last month, Khamenei claimed that acts such as setting a bank on fire was "what thugs do."
But in comments made on Wednesday, Khamenei appeared to soften his stance, saying that citizens killed in the protests "without playing any part in instigating them" should be considered martyrs and their families should receive government stipends. Those "killed in shootouts with security forces" also should have their backgrounds examined, he said.
Iran protests intensify as live ammunition is fired into crowds: Report
Iranian demonstrators lie dead in protests sparked by rising gas prices, but the Iranian regime blames the United States for the violence. Fox News' Trey Yingst with more.
Authorities should "console those families that have never had any criminal backgrounds," IRNA said, paraphrasing Khamenei.
In addition to the hike in gas prices, Iranians have seen their savings chewed away by the rial's collapse from 32,000 to $1 at the time of the 2015 nuclear accord to 127,000 to $1 today under the renewed U.S. sanctions. The cost of daily staples also has risen, making the removal of any government subsidy making life affordable for Iran's people wildly unpopular.
The government of President Hassan Rouhani pushed for the gasoline-price hike, saying they'd use the money for a new support program for Iran's poor.
However, after the unrest, Rouhani himself tried to describe himself as surprised by the timing of the implementation of the gasoline hike.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Source: Read Full Article


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1.Follow Black Friday sites
There are several on-line portals, who publish "leaked" Black Friday ads well ahead of the big day. Let's face it, in this day and age businesses of all sizes know how to use the internet to their advantage, including insuring that they raise expectation and excitement about their low-priced deals.
For the scoop on Black Friday try these sites:
2.Follow your favorite stores on social media
Following your favorite stores on social media and putting your e-mail address in their information banks can lead to them sending you coupons for special shopping hours or even better deals than those offered to the general public. You can also get the scoop on their sales in advance. So, if there are some shops that you like, then let them know you'd like to hear from them in the future.
3.Use price-checking sites and apps
Yes! There are sites that will check to see that you are receiving the lowest price on any item. Although, I'm not certain how adequately they will work with the large influx of constantly arriving and revolving Black Friday deals. They are certainly worth consulting. Here are a few that I have found.
Browser extension: Honey.
Honey is a free browser extension that finds you coupons and applies them when you get ready to check out of any of thousands of on-line retailers. It's been around since 2013 and has a multitude of happy users. It takes just minutes to add to your browser, is easy to use, and actually works. https://www.joinhoney.com/
Comparison shopping sites:
http://www.addall.com/ (for books)
4.Have a game plan
Don't leave home without a list of items, along with the intended recipients. Your game plan should contain a list of stores, along with the hours that your desired items are offered. For instance, 6am-9am specials are now quite common. You don't want to show up late for an item, which just went off sale 15 minutes before your arrival.
Be sure to brew coffee and take along some snacks in the car. Shopping is exhausting business.
5.Use a prioritized list – and stick to it
If your list contains any high value, low cost items, like computers or televisions, then these items need to move to the top of your timeline. Stores only get a few of them in stock, even for Black Friday.
It's also important to note that, if you're like me, you'll see items that you really want to buy for yourself. Seriously! I don't know if that makes me selfish or means that I don't buy anything for myself during the year, but it's true. I have to keep myself focused on my list of family and friends.
6.Know what constitutes a good value
Just because it's on sale, doesn't make it a great deal. If the item is cheap plastic, then, perhaps you need to hold out for a better made version of the same item.
7.Research and read reviews ahead of time
Consumer Reports is the granddaddy of organizations offering reviews of products and services. They began as a monthly publication and have since then branched out into cyberspace. However, I don't use them, because you must pay to access information on their site. if there is a product that I really want to know what Consumer Reports thinks of it, I borrow the physical magazine from the public library.
Here are some free websites to check for reviews:
- Amazon. Just look up the product on their website and read buyer reviews
- https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/contenttype/reviews/ Apparently, the Goodhousehkeeping Seal of Approval is still a good thing! All of their reviews can be accessed on-line.
- https://www.cnet.com/reviews/. If you are buying anything electronic, this is the place to find fair, honest reviews. My son, who works in IT, uses this site all the time to check out new computer and electronic gadgets.
- https://www.reviews.com/ I have used this site and like the way they are laid out, offering a grid comparison of several models of the same type of product.
8.Get gift receipts
Don't forget to ask for a gift receipt, even if it's a super busy Black Friday. I try to tell the store employee ahead of time that I will need a gift receipt. Often, the register will automatically spit out a gift receipt if the cashier requests it.


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|Color-fast radiation sterilized implants and precursors thereof
|September, 2005
|Method for preparing medical dressings
|January, 2006
|Debusk V et al.
|Use of tazarotene for preparing a nail varnish for treating and/or preventing psoriasis and nail varnish containing same
|January, 2005
|Lefrancois et al.
|Implantable medical devices coated with a polymer-bound superoxide dismutase mimic
|July, 2007
|October, 2009
|Method of long-term reversible contraception for animals
|June, 2003
|Tame based chelators and uses thereof
|June, 2007
|Arslantas et al.
|Novel skin care compositions
|March, 2007
|Sovak et al.
|Nail enamel compositions, related methods, and a two component kit for painting the nails
|April, 2006
|Pagano et al.
|Lysozyme fortified milk and milk products
|April, 2007
|Ferrari et al.
|Matrices containing nitric oxide donors and reducing agents and their use
|February, 2003
|Zhao et al.
This invention relates to oral care compositions and devices that can simultaneously mineralize and whiten teeth, reduce sensitivity and/or restore or build mineral deposits.
Patient applied tooth whitening was popularized following publication of the clinical observed efficacy of 10 percent carbamide peroxide in custom trays. Dental dispensed systems predominated for the next decade until the launch of OTC products in the early 2000s. A major side effect of teeth whitening products is whitening induced tooth sensitivity. Although transient in nature it has been frequently reported for products dispensed at the dentist office as well as for products available through mass retail. The incidences of whitening induced tooth sensitivity have been reported to increase with increasing concentration of hydrogen peroxide and/or increased frequency of use. Formulation type, product form and delivery device can also be contributing factors in these side effects.
Moreover, dental caries is initiated by the demineralization of hard tissue on teeth by organic acids. A substantial number of mineral ions can be removed from the hydroxyapatite (HAP) lattice network of tooth enamel without destroying its structural integrity; however, such demineralized enamel leads to the formation of tiny lesions that transmit hot, cold, pressure and pain more readily than normal enamel, and such lesions are also thought to be precursors to dental caries formation. The incidences of peroxide induced teeth sensitivity may be much higher in such individuals.
Currently, there are products on the market that claim to mitigate whitening induced sensitivity. However, the data to support these products are limited. The two common approaches that are currently used to mitigate classical teeth sensitivity and are also used for whitening induced sensitivity are: 1) desensitization of nerves using a KNO3 and 2) occlusion of exposed dentinal tubules by compounds that can deliver calcium, phosphate, or fluoride ions and precipitate on the surface.
As whitening induced sensitivity is a transient side effect and has not been completely understood, the approaches and treatment protocols used to mitigate classic dentinal sensitivity may not be completely effective. Moreover, KNO3 requires at least 2 weeks of continuous application to be effective in reducing teeth sensitivity issues. For the occluding technology, the need to deliver effective concentration and chemistry has always been a challenge.
Recently, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and its fluoride (ACPF) and carbonate-containing (ACCP) derivatives have been used to mineralize and to desensitize teeth. ACP, when exposed and/or dissolved in water, rapidly reverts to a more thermodynamically stable form, e.g., hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is substantially insoluble and, thus, calcium and phosphate ions are not biologically available. Some have solved this reversion problem by providing either two part or dual delivery systems.
Bioactive glasses have also been used in anhydrous dentifrices formulations. The aqueous instability of bioactive glasses limits their use and effectiveness in oral care compositions.
The desire to reduce transient teeth sensitivity during the teeth whitening process is known, and there is a need for products that simultaneously mineralize and whiten the teeth, reduce sensitivity and/or harden teeth.
The present invention is directed to an oral care device configured to contact teeth, where the device includes disposed therein a bioactive glass in an amount effective to mineralize teeth when contacted with the teeth under conditions effective to mineralize the teeth; and a tooth-bleaching agent in an amount effective to whiten teeth when contacted with the teeth under conditions effective to whiten the teeth, and to methods for simultaneously mineralizing and whitening teeth utilizing the devices of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective, exploded view of a three-layer dental strip;
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the dental strip of FIG. 1, taken along 1A-1A;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of dental strip having two layers;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a dental strip having a single layer;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one exemplary disintegrable film product of the current invention; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another exemplary disintegrable film product of the current invention, where the disintegrable film of the present invention forms the first or backing layer of a two-layer film.
Generally, the invention relates to oral care devices and compositions that can simultaneously mineralize and whiten the teeth, reduce the incidence of tooth sensitivity and/or harden teeth. Such devices and compositions comprise a bioactive glass and a tooth-bleaching agent. In some embodiments, the devices and compositions are maintained under anhydrous conditions until used in the oral cavity to maintain the bioavailability of minerals and/or the potency of the tooth-bleaching agent. In some embodiments the bioactive glass and the tooth-bleaching agent are maintained apart from one another in the oral care device such that an admixture of the components is avoided prior to application of the device to the teeth. In other embodiments the bioactive glass is admixed with the tooth-bleaching agent and disposed within the device as an admixture prior to application of the device to the teeth.
As used herein, bioactive glass means an inorganic silica-based glass material comprising, in weight percentage, between 40 and 60 percent SiO2, between 0 and 30 percent Na2O, between 0 and 30 percent K2O, between 15 and 30 percent CaO, between 0 and 15 percent CaF2, between 0 and 15 percent NaF, between 0 and 10 percent Li2O, between 0 and 10 percent SnO, between 0 and 10 percent SrO, between 0 and 8 percent P2O5, between 0 and 6 percent Fe2O3, between 0 and 3 percent MgO, between 0 and 3 percent B2O3, between 0 and 3 percent Al2O3, and between 0 and 3 percent ZnO.
In some embodiments, the bioactive glass is Bioactive glass 45S5, containing 45 percent SiO2, 24.5 percent CaO, 24.5 percent Na2O, and 6 percent P2O5. This Bioactive glass is capable of releasing biologically relevant ions when hydrolyzed with physiological fluids. This material can be prepared in house by using melt-derived protocol or can be commercially purchased from MO-SCI Healthcare L.L.C, Missouri.
In certain embodiments the bioactive glass may be modified to enhance its properties or to otherwise provide additional advantageous properties apart from mineralization. For example, the bioactive glass may be treated to include functional species or materials. A particularly relevant functional material would be biologically-active molecules. The biologically active molecules are defined as those organic molecules having an effect in a biological system, whether such system is in vitro, in vivo, or in situ. Biologically-active molecules include, without limitation, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, biofilm modulators, and cell attachment molecules. It is contemplated that many serum-protein like organic molecules will also function as biologically-active molecules. Such modifications may be accomplished by treatment of the bioactive glass with a solution to coat the bioactive glass, or any process whereby the functional material is bound to the bioactive glass.
The tooth-bleaching agent can be, for example, a peroxide, a metal chlorite, a perborate, a percarbonate, a peroxyacid, a persulfate, a carbamide, a hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or mixtures of these. In specific embodiments, the tooth-bleaching agent includes hydrogen peroxide, a complex thereof, or a source thereof.
In one aspect, the invention features an oral care device, such as a strip or a mouthpiece, configured to contact one or more teeth. The oral care device includes a bioactive glass and a tooth-bleaching agent. Forms of strips include films, patches, trays and/or wraps that are suitable to place on a tooth. These strips can be both dissolvable and non-dissolvable.
In one embodiment, the oral care device is in the form of a strip. The strip can include a polymeric material. The polymeric material can be selected from, but is not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a cellulosic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, silicone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), polyvinyl acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, gelatin sodium alginate, carbomer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyalkylvinylether-maleic acid copolymer, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymers, quaternized copolymers, quaternized copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polymeric material is soluble or swollen by water. The polymeric can have a flexural modulus of less than 100,000 psi, or less than 25,000 psi.
In some embodiments, the strip has a plurality of layers. In a specific embodiment, the strip includes a first layer, configured to contact one or more teeth, that includes a bioactive glass and a tooth-bleaching agent, and a second barrier layer that includes a material suitable for forming a barrier. The first layer can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, while the second barrier layer can include hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), polyethylene, or polyvinyl acetate.
In another specific embodiment, the strip includes a first layer, configured to contact one or more teeth, that includes a tooth-bleaching agent, a second layer that includes a bioactive glass, and a third barrier layer that includes a material suitable for forming the barrier. The first and second layers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, while the third barrier layer can include hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), polyethylene, or polyvinyl acetate.
In addition, any of the flavoring agents, fragrances, sweeteners, coloring agents, peroxide activators, enzymes, malodor controlling agents, cleaning agents, stain prevention agents, antibacterial agents, antigingivitis agents, anti-caries agents, anti-periodontitis agents and tooth sensitivity agents can be used in any of the compositions.
In another aspect, the invention features a method of treating teeth. The method includes contacting teeth to be whitened with an oral care device, e.g. a strip, that includes a bioactive glass and a tooth-bleaching agent. The bioactive glass and tooth-bleaching agent are maintained in contact with the teeth under conditions effective to whiten and mineralize the teeth, which as used herein means that the tooth whitening composition is in contact with the teeth for a sufficient period of time, whether upon a single application or multiple applications over a specified time interval or frequency, such that whitening and mineralization of the teeth is achieved. For example, compositions may remain in contact with the teeth for greater than about 30 seconds, in another embodiment from about 2 minutes to about 12 hours (e.g. overnight treatment), in another embodiment from about 3 minutes to about 120 minutes, in yet another embodiment from at least about 5 minutes to about 40 minutes, per application. In certain embodiments, application of additional strips to the teeth may be repeated in one day, for example from 2 to about 7 times per day. Additionally, the length of treatment to achieve the desired benefit, for example, tooth whitening, may last from about one day to about six months. For example, in one embodiment the method may be repeated over a period of time from one day to about 28 days, and in another embodiment from about 7 to about 28 days. The optimal duration and frequency of application will depend on the desired effect, the severity of any condition being treated, the health and age of the user and like considerations. In some embodiments, sufficient time is less than 180 minutes, less than 120 minutes, less than 60 minutes, less than 30 minutes, less than 10 minutes or even less than 5 minutes. As with whitening efficacy, the greater the contact time, the greater the potential to mineralize teeth, which should subsequently mitigate whitening-induced sensitivity. The method can be used to simultaneously mineralize and whiten teeth, treat tooth sensitivity, harden teeth and/or restore or build minerals.
In another aspect, the invention features a method of simultaneously mineralizing and whitening teeth with reduced incidence of whitening-induced tooth sensitivity. The method includes contacting one or more teeth with a device that includes a bioactive glass, and a tooth-bleaching agent. Contact is maintained with the one or more teeth such that the bioactive glass and the tooth-bleaching agent are in contact with the tooth surface to be treated for a time to at least whiten and partially mineralize the one or more teeth. This composition will reduce the incidence of transient teeth sensitivity that is often associated with teeth bleaching.
To further enhance the activity of this composition, other calcium, potassium, oxalate and phosphate salts, as well as hydroxyapatite (HAP) material, can also be included in the composition used in devices of the present invention. Examples include potassium oxalate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium peroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or mixtures of these materials.
To further enhance the activity of this composition used in devices of the present invention, amorphous calcium phosphate or derivatives thereof, or compounds that are formed from a reaction of an amorphous calcium phosphate, can also be used in the composition. Examples include amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (ACPF), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate (ACCP), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate fluoride (ACCPF), amorphous strontium phosphate (ASP), amorphous strontium calcium phosphate (ASCP), amorphous strontium calcium carbonate phosphate (ASCCP), and amorphous strontium calcium phosphate fluoride (ASCPF).
The amorphous calcium phosphate can also include a polypeptide, like a casein phosphopeptide, or a derivative of the casein phosphopeptide. In other embodiments, the amorphous calcium phosphate is stabilized with a synthetic oligomer or polymer, an anion, a cation, polyphosphate, a pyrophosphate, an amino acid, or compatible mixtures of any of these.
The amorphous calcium phosphate may be stabilized, such as a metal-or metalloid-stabilized calcium phosphate. Examples of metal-stabilized or metalloid-stabilized are those amorphous calcium phosphates that include the elements of, for example, zirconium, silicon, titanium, or mixtures of these. Specific examples of metal-stabilized or metalloid-stabilized calcium phosphates include zirconium-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP), titanium-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Ti-ACP), silicon-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Si-ACP), amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (ACPF) and amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate (ACCP). Magnesium and other divalent cations can also be used to enhance stability of ACP and its derivatives.
Crystalline, or semi-crystalline calcium phosphates may also be added to the compositions used in devices of the present invention. Specific examples include mono-, di-, tri-, alpha-tri-, beta-tri-, and tetra-calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite (HAP), and mixtures thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention may have one or more of the following advantages. The compositions, devices and methods allow a user to carry out tooth mineralization simultaneously with tooth whitening. The devices reduce irritation and/or burning of gums and/or sensitive cheek tissues opposite tooth surfaces. The compositions allow for a high bioavailability of calcium and phosphate ions, leading to particularly efficient mineralization. The compositions can harden teeth and can reduce tooth sensitivity and/or reduce dental porosity and dental caries. Further, this composition may be efficient in stain prevention and extrinsic stain removal. Whitening can be rapid, occurring in less than 120 minutes, less than 90 minutes, less than 60 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 30 minutes, less than 15 minutes, or even less than 5 minutes.
Other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
The tooth-bleaching agent can be a peroxide, a metal chlorite, a perborate, a percarbonate, a peroxyacid, a persulfate, a carbamide, a hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, a precursor to any of the just described whitening agents, or compatible mixtures of any of these materials. For example, the tooth-bleaching agent can include hydrogen peroxide, a complex thereof, such as a polymer adduct of hydrogen peroxide, or a source thereof.
The aqueous instability of bioactive glasses limits their use and effectiveness in oral care compositions. So, the compositions of the present invention are used in substantially anhydrous forms, such as dental strips, comprising less than about 5 percent by weight water, or less than about 2 percent by weight water, or even less than 1 percent by weight water.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 1A, a flexible dental strip 10 formed from a polymeric material includes a first layer 12, configured to contact one or more teeth, that includes a bioactive glass, a third layer 14, configured to contact sensitive cheek tissues opposite tooth surfaces, and a second layer 16 disposed between the first 12 and third 14 layers. The second layer includes a tooth-bleaching agent and a bioactive glass. In some embodiments, third layer 14 provides barrier properties for unidirectional flow of actives toward tooth surfaces, thus minimizing irritation to cheeks opposite tooth surfaces. In some embodiments, the tooth-bleaching agent and the bioactive glass may be maintained apart from one another, such as in different layers, prior to application of the device to the teeth. Once the device is contacted with the teeth, both the bioactive glass material and the tooth-bleaching agent subsequently contact the teeth. In certain embodiments, when making the strip, water is avoided, and the strip is maintained under anhydrous conditions until use to reduce reversion of the bioactive glass to an insoluble form and/or to maintain the efficacy of the tooth-bleaching agent.
In some embodiments, the flexible dental strip 10 is non-dissolvable and adherent to the teeth. For example, it is advantageous for the strip to adhere to the teeth for a time of between about 1 minute and 8 hours, or between 15 minutes and 4 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
The amount of a bioactive glass in the strip generally ranges from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 40 percent by weight of the strip, or between about 10 percent by weight to about 35 percent by weight, or between about 10 percent by weight and 25 percent by weight. The amount of bleaching agent in the strip generally ranges from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 50 percent by weight, or between about 5 percent by weight to about 35 percent by weight, or even between about 5 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight.
In embodiments when it is desired not to have a layer swell or dissolve in the oral cavity, non-swellable or non-dissolvable materials, such as polymers, are selected for the layer. Examples of such materials include hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose derivatives and copolymers, phthalates, succinates, acetates, and silicone waxes and polymers.
In some embodiments, it is advantageous that the strip be flexible so that it can conform to the many complicated and uneven surfaces of the teeth. This can be accomplished, for example by using a polymer that has a room temperature flexural modulus less than 100,000 psi, or less than 50,000 psi, or less than 25,000 psi, as measured using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Flexibility can also be imparted by using a polymeric material having a Shore A hardness of less than 100 Shore A, or less than 75 Shore A, or less than 50 Shore A. Additional flexibility can be imparted by adding a plasticizer. The plasticizer can be incorporated into the strip at a concentration between about 0.1 percent and about 30 percent by weight of the strip. Specific examples of plasticizers include polyols, such as polyethylene glycol, triethyl citrate, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, glycerol acetate or mixtures of these plasticizers.
In some embodiments, dental strip 10 can include a flavoring agent, a fragrance and/or a sweetener. Flavoring agents include natural or synthetic essential oils, as well as various flavoring aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and other materials. Examples of essential oils include oils of spearmint, peppermint, wintergreen, sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus, marjoram, cinnamon, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and orange. The flavoring agent, fragrance and/or sweetener can be incorporated into the strip composition at a concentration of between about 0.1 percent and about 10 percent by weight, or between about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent by weight.
Coloring agents, such as pigments and dyes, can be included in the strips. For example, in some instances, it is desirable to have a colored strip that provides a visual cue to the user that it is time to remove the strip. The colored strip can be used in combination with a chemical or bio-sensor.
In some embodiments, the tooth whitening agent and the strip further includes a peroxide activator. Peroxide activators can increase the bleaching efficacy of peroxide components. Examples of peroxide activators include metals like iron, copper, or manganese, pH modifiers like hydroxide salts, zeolites, and photosensitizers such as titanium dioxide.
The strip can also include ingredients such as enzymes, malodor controlling agents, cleaning agents, such as phosphates, anti-staining agents, antibacterial agents, antigingivitis agents, anticaries agents, antiperiodontitis agents and tooth sensitivity agents. Examples of agents include cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, zinc chloride and potassium nitrate.
In some embodiments, each layer 12, 14 and 16 of strip 10 is formed from a different polymeric material.
The strip can be formed by casting the polymeric layers. The strip can also be formed by extrusion or co-extrusion, or by molding or co-molding.
The rate at which the bleaching agent and/or the bioactive glass is solubilized (in the case of a solid bleaching agent), and subsequently released to a tooth surface can be controlled by properties such as, but not limited to, the film thickness, film texture, presence of film perforations, polymer properties, such as the structure, molecular weight, type, hardness and flexural modulus, properties of the whitening agent, properties of the bioactive glass, and the concentration of the bleaching agent and bioactive glass.
The thicknesses of the film layer may affect the residence time of any ingredients in the strip, including residence time of the bleaching agent and bioactive glass. The residence time can, for example, be determined by a combination of the composition of the polymer and the thickness of the film.
In some embodiments, it is advantageous to minimize the overall thickness of the strip since overall thickness can influence the mouth feel of the product, which can relate to user acceptance and compliance. Additionally, the thickness of the film can also affect its ability to conform and adhere to teeth in an efficient manner.
Referring particularly to FIG. 1A, an overall thickness To of the strip is from about 0.01 millimeters to about 2 millimeters, or from about 0.2 millimeters to about 1.5 millimeters; a thickness T1 of first layer 12 from about 0.01 millimeters to about 0.5 millimeters, or from about 0.02 millimeters to about 0.3 millimeters; a thickness T2 of second layer 16 from about 0.05 millimeters to about 1 millimeters, or from about 0.1 millimeters to about 0.8 millimeters; a thickness T3 of third layer 14 from about 0.05 millimeters to about 1 millimeters, or from about 0. 1 millimeters to about 0.8 millimeters; and a width of the strip W from about 4 millimeters to about 40 millimeters, or from about 10 millimeters to about 35 millimeters, or from about 10 millimeters to about 25 millimeters.
In a specific embodiment, first and second layers 12 and 16 are cast from polyvinylpyrrolidone, and third layer 14 is formed from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) having a molecular weight that is greater than 100,000, as measured relative to mono-disperse polyethylene glycol standards in tetrahydrofuran as solvent. This provides for a nearly impermeable third layer 14 and substantially prevents the whitening agent from reaching the sensitive cheek tissues that are opposite the tooth surfaces.
Strip 10 can be used, for example, to simultaneously remineralize and whiten teeth. In use, strip 10 is oriented such that layer 12 contacts the teeth of the user. Layer 14 then protects gums and sensitive cheek tissues from being exposed to the bleaching agent that is in layer 16. After contact is made, the bioactive glass diffuses from strip 10, as does the bleaching agent, toward the tooth surfaces. Contact with the teeth is maintained until the desired whitening result is obtained. It may be necessary to repeat the steps with a fresh strip 10 to obtain the desired whitening effect. In some embodiments, sufficient time is less than 30 minutes, or less than 15 minutes, 10 minutes or less than 5 minutes. Effective mineralization is also achieved using this composition/device containing bioactive glass and a hydrogen peroxide source. Without intending to bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the hydrogen peroxide molecules create a microenvironment that mimics the "natural" carbonic acid chemistry, and facilitates remineralization using soluble Ca2+ and PO43− ions. It is believed that delivering Ca2+ and PO43− ions in this manner can remineralize the enamel and whiten teeth.
The composition can be removed by rinsing or brushing. Alternatively, when the composition includes a water-soluble polymeric material, the composition, in time, will simply dissolve away.
As seen in FIG. 2, strip 30 includes barrier layer 34 and whitening layer 32. Whitening layer 32 includes both the whitening agent and the bioactive glass contained therein, for contacting teeth when the device is applied thereto. Barrier layer 32 may include a polymeric material for providing protection to the gum and cheek tissue, as well as flavoring agents and the like.
As seen in FIG. 3, a single layer strip 40 contains both the whitening agent and bioactive glass, as well as a polymer to maintain the strip in contact with the teeth under conditions effective to whiten and mineralize the teeth.
Generally, when making the compositions, water is avoided, and the compositions are maintained under anhydrous conditions until use to reduce reversion of the bioactive glass to an insoluble form and/or to maintain the potency of the whitening agent. In some embodiments, the initial total amount of water in composition is less than 1 percent by weight, less than 0.5 percent by weight, less than 0.25 percent by weight, less than 0.1 percent by weight, or less than 0.05 percent by weight.
In another embodiment, the flexible dental strip is a disintegrable film compositions comprising at least one water insoluble polymer, a disintegration facilitator selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer, a water insoluble particulate or mixtures thereof and, optionally, at least one topical or systemic active wherein the disintegrable film is partially, substantially or completely disintegrable in an aqueous environment. The disintegrable film composition of the present invention can be used as a single layer film or in conjunction with one or more additional film layers to form a bi- or multi-layered film product.
FIG. 4 shows a single layer disintegrable dental strip embodiment of the present invention. The figure shows strip 50 comprised of water insoluble polymer 52 and disintegration facilitator 54. Disintegration facilitator 54 may be fully incorporated into water insoluble polymer 52, may be only at the surface 56 of strip 50, or, as shown in the present embodiment, may be both fully incorporated into water insoluble polymer 52, as well as present at surface 56 of strip 50. FIG. 4 shows disintegration facilitator 54 uniformly distributed in water insoluble polymer 52. However, it is to be understood that the distribution of disintegration facilitator 54 in insoluble polymer 52 may be non-uniform. More or less disintegration facilitator 54 may be present at surface 56 of film 50 or in the bulk of insoluble polymer 52.
FIG. 5 shows film 60 comprised of first layer 70 and second layer 80. First layer 70 is comprised of water insoluble polymer 72 and disintegration facilitator 74. Disintegration facilitator 74 may be fully incorporated into water insoluble polymer 72, may be only at the surface of first layer 70, or, as shown in the present embodiment, may be both fully incorporated into water insoluble polymer 72, as well as present at surface 76 of first layer 70. Second layer 80 can be comprised of polymer. In one another embodiment, second layer 80 is an oral care active in a water soluble polymer 82 film layer such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,298 to Leung et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,903 to Xu et al., both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The bi-layer film is then applied to the teeth, oral mucosa or other affected area of the skin or mouth and allowed to disintegrate over time in the presence of saliva or other aqueous media and the mechanical action of the lips, tongue and other soft tissue.
The disintegrable film compositions of the present invention also comprise at least one disintegration facilitator selected from the group consisting of plasticizers or plasticizing agents, water insoluble particles or mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable plasticizers include, but are not limited to, citric acid alkyl esters, glycerol esters such as glycerol monooleate and glycerol monostearate, phthalic acid alkyl esters, sebacic acid alkyl esters, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, acetylated monoglycerides, glycerols, fatty acid esters, glycols, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols 200 to 12,000 and mixtures thereof. Specific plasticizers include, but are not limited to, lauric acid, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, triacetin (glyceryl triacetate), poloxamers, alkyl aryl phosphates, diethyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, polysorbate, as well as the series of polyethylene glycols sold under the tradename CARBOWAX (Union Carbide Corporation) and mixtures thereof.
In certain embodiments, the plasticizers can include mixtures of mono- and di-oleates supplied under the tradename ATMOS (Atmos 300) by American Ingredients, Kansas City, Mo.; triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids such as those sold by under the tradename NEOBEE (Neobee 1053) by Stepan, Chicago, Ill. and mono- and di-glycerides of edible fats or oils supplied by Lonza Inc., Fair Lawn, N.J. or Eastman Triacetin (food grade) supplied by Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tenn. The Atmos 300 and Neobee 1053 also function as releasing agents which aid in removal of the disintegrable layer from the casting sheet (e.g., polypropylene sheets) on which the layer is cast for drying.
When incorporated in the disintegrable film compositions of the present invention, the plasticizer is present at a concentration of from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent, preferably from about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent, and most preferably from about 0.5 percent to about 1.5 percent by weight of the wet film composition.
The disintegration facilitator can also be a water insoluble particle. Various kinds of organic powders and inorganic powders can be used as the water-insoluble particles.
The inorganic powders which are useful herein include, but are not limited to, microfine particles or granules of alumina, talc, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, silica sand, clay, mica, tabular spar, diatomaceous earth, various inorganic oxide pigments, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silica (colloidal or fumed), silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide, titanium carbide, and mixtures thereof.
The organic powders that are useful herein include cross-linked and non-cross-linked polymer powders, organic pigments, charge controlling agents, and waxes, for example. The cross-linked and non-cross-linked resin powders include, but are not limited to, resin powders of the styrene type, acrylic type, methacrylic type, polyethylene type, polypropylene type, silicone type, polyester type, polyurethane type, polyamide type, epoxy type, polyvinyl butyral type, for example. Mixtures of any of the above organic or inorganic powders can also be used. Additional particles useful in the present invention can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,475,500; U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,885; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,199 the contents of each which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The water insoluble particles of the present invention generally have a particle size or aggregate particle size of less than 10 microns, optionally, from about 0.01 microns to about 5 microns, optionally, from about 0.1 microns to about 1 micron, and, optionally, from about 0. 1 to about 0.5 microns.
In certain embodiments, the insoluble particles can include Cabosil M-5 (fumed untreated silica) supplied by Cabot, Tuscola, Ill.
When incorporated in the disintegrable film compositions of the present invention, the water insoluble particle is present at a concentration of from about 0. 1 percent to about 20 percent, optionally, from about 0.5 percent to about 10 percent, and, optionally, from about 1 percent to about 7 percent by weight of the film composition.
Where the disintegrable film of the present invention forms the first or backing layer of a multi-layer or bi-layer film, the thickness of the disintegrable film layer can optionally range from about 1 micron to about 20 microns, optionally from about 3 microns to about 15 microns, optionally from about 5 microns to about 12 microns. The thicknesses of any additional layers can equal the range of thickness of the first or backing layer or range from about 30 microns to about 150 microns, optionally from about 45 microns to about 130 microns, optionally from about 70 microns to about 120 microns.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K90) having a molecular weight of about 90,000 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-hydrogen peroxide complex (Peroxydone K 90) were both obtained from ISP (Wayne, N.J.); Bioactive glass (45S5) was obtained from MO-SCI Health Care L.L.C. (Rolla, Mo.), Three grades of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (HP-50, -55, and -55S) were from ShinEtsu (Tokyo, Japan); and Carbopol (974, 980, 956) were obtained from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., (Cleveland, Ohio). Each was used as received, without additional purification.
The first layer (active layer) was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Ethanol (200 proof)
|Peroxydone K-90
|Sodium Saccharin
|Bioactive glass 45S5
The second layer (barrier layer) was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Ethanol (190 proof)
|DI Water
|Double Mint Oil base
To make the dental strip, the barrier layer was first cast onto a Teflon substrate. After drying and loss of volatiles, the active layer was then cast on top of the barrier layer and allowed to dry. If needed, another layer can be cast on top these two layers. During the formation of the strip, water is generally avoided to prevent loss of activity of bioactive glass.
The two-layer strip was tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and ICP. The results show typical signatures of bioactive glass, which on hydration exhibited formation of hydroxyapatite type material. Testing also indicated that the strip released calcium ions in-vitro. Furthermore, the strip bleached tooth specimens, increased the hardness of tooth specimens, and increased mineral volume fraction of tooth specimens. In this composition the stabilities of both the bleaching active and the bioactive glass were acceptable. Further, the in-vitro bleaching data suggest enhanced efficacy of this combination in reducing the intensity of surface stains. It is hypothesized that the relative increase in pH caused by hydration of bioactive glass enhances peroxide activation, which in turn may result in improved efficiency of products containing this combination.
The first layer (active layer) was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Ethanol (200 proof)
|Sodium Saccharin
|Bioactive glass 45S5
|w/w %
|Ethanol (200 proof)
|Peroxydone K-90
|Sodium Saccharin
|Bioactive glass 45S5
The third layer (barrier layer) was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Ethanol (190 proof)
|DI Water
|Flavor Oil
The strips were made by casting according to the procedure described in Example 1.
The strip was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Ethanol (200 proof)
|Peroxydone K-90
|Sodium Saccharin
|Bioactive glass 45S5
The strip was made by casting according to the procedure described in Example 1.
The first layer was cast from the following formulation:
|w/w %
|Plasdone, K-90 (USP)
|Sodium Saccharin (USP)
|Potassium monobasic
|Potassium dibasic
|Mint Flavor
|Polysorbate 20 NF
|w/w %
|Pharmaceutical Glaze
|Bioactive glass 45S5
|Ethanol USP, 200 Proof
|Eastman Triacetin, Kosher
|Caprylic Capric
The strips were made by casting according to the procedure described in Example 1.
Whitening strips as prepared in Example 1 were evaluated for peroxide stability versus a comparable whitening strip containing H2O2, but with no bioactive glass, by placing them in a chamber at 40° C./75% RH, for thirteen weeks. Peroxide content was measured on a weekly basis using standard ceric sulfate protocol and reported as total peroxide (mg). Results are shown in Table 1.
|Example 1
As shown, strips according to the present invention maintained comparable stability when compared to strips containing no bioactive glass.
Effect of bioactive glass on peroxide release from the strips as a function of time was studied by placing a whitening strip onto the surface of a petridish with the peroxide layer of the strip facing upwards. Three milliliters of synthetic saliva was added to each petridish and the petridish was quickly placed on top of an orbital shaker. Samples were collected at regular intervals and analyzed for percent peroxide released at the noted intervals.
|bioactive glass
|bioactive glass
|0% bioactive glass
|% Released
|% Released
|% Released
As shown, percent peroxide released from the strips including both H2O2 and bioactive glass increased compared to comparable strips containing no bioactive glass. Of particular note, the rate of peroxide release for the strips of the invention was greater than that of the comparative example over the first 15 minutes, indicating a greater release of peroxide radicals. Thus, more peroxide radicals delivered from the inventive strips are available for bleaching shortly after application to the teeth than are for the comparable example.
Whitening efficacy of strips was measured using a tooth whitening efficacy model utilizing human teeth to measure the whitening effect of devices of the invention compared to conventional devices. The shade, i.e. the color, of the teeth was measured before and after a treatment using a calorimeter, such as the MHT SpectroShade System.
The difference in tooth shade before and after treatment is a measure of the efficacy of the device.
|Delta L
|Delta a
|Delta b
|Example 1
|Delta L Value
|bioactive glass
|Delta b Value
|Example 1
The purpose of this test was to evaluate in-vitro efficacy of soluble calcium and phosphate from bioactive glass to enhance hardness of enamel. Enamel specimens (3×3×3 mm diameter window) were removed from extracted human teeth and mounted on acrylic rods. The enamel surface was ground and polished using alumina slurry, rinsed with deionized water and air-dried. Artificial lesions were then formed in the specimens by a 96-hour immersion in a partially saturated HAP acid buffer consisting of 0.1 mM lactic acid and 0.2 wt % Carbopol C907 adjusted to a pH of 5. Four baseline indentations per specimen were placed with a Vickers diamond at a 200-gram load for 15 seconds and the indentation lengths were within a range from 25-45 microns. Enamel specimens (N=15 per treatment) were then cycled daily through a series of treatments with strip prototypes repeated over a 7 day time period. Artificial saliva was prepared fresh daily. After treatment, the enamel microhardness (reported as Knoops Hardness—HK) was assessed and the difference between initial and final microhardness was calculated as a measure of remineralization efficacy.
|Av. Initial HK
|Av. Final HK
|% Change in HK
|Example 1
|bioactive glass
While embodiments of devices that have been described are in strip-form, embodiments are possible in which the oral care device is in other forms, e.g. in the form of a mouthpiece, e.g. a heat moldable mouthpiece that is configured to be worn by a user wherein an anhydrous coating or other bleaching material is placed into the mouthpiece.


text:
Liam Gallagher: a noble savage. Photograph: Getty
Cor blimey, what a blinkin' palaver. The BBC has announced a season of programmes examining the white working class. This will provoke much heated debate. How could it not in a nation so deliciously attuned to the minutest nuances of social class difference - and whose sense of ethnic identity has been so colourfully altered over the centuries by the wave after wave of priapic foreign sailor folk?
The season comes not before time, give that the white working class so recently popped its steel-toecapped clogs (Jade Goody having bellowed the last rites).
Don't get me wrong. The working class is still going strong (they're the ones doing all the work) and lots of them are white.The But the English white working class - as a unique monocultural entity - was withering away for a long time before Ali G famously turned to the copper hassling him and asked: "Is it because I is black?"
It's long been a truism that you can sit in front of a load of raucous schoolkids on a London bus and not have a clue about their ethnicity from their accents. What's remarkable is how mainstream comedians have picked up on that truth and echoed it.
The characters in Catherine Tate's "Am I Bothered" sketches might be white, but it's hardly relevant. You hear the same half-affected, Punjabi-inflected, Afro-Saxon Estuary English from Radio 4's stable of leftish comedians every time they "do" a young person. The all but universal working/lower-middle class, southern youth accent addresses a massive generational gap, but it tells us nothing about the race of the kid being mimicked.
We've come a long way since Jim Davidson had white working-class audiences rolling in he aisles with his impression of his black "friend", Chalky.
My education about the white working class started with the films of my parents' youth. Like 1942's Mrs. Miniver, in which imbecilic housemaid, Gladys, and her idiot postman beau, Horace, provide the comic relief with a clumsy, barely human, minstrel parody of the proper, upper middle-class relationship at the heart of the film. Then there was a particularly splendid episode of The Outer Limits set in England, where thick, dirty-faced northern miner David McCallum is "evolved" into a higher being by a mad scientist. And as he becomes more intelligent, his accent becomes increasingly southern and middle class.
As for race, my education came from my mother (who once rinsed out my brother's mouth with Fairy Liquid for calling a black kid a "chocolate drop") and from Alf Garnett, the racism-spewing, working-class Tory in the sitcom Till Death Us Do Part. It made me laugh then and it still does. Not least because Alf's demented flights of rock-confident and pig-ignorant splenetic bigotry were uncannily close to the crap I heard from some of my elderly East End relatives.
Meanwhile, in the world outside my telly, pretending to be working class and black became first hip and then marketable. So much so that nicely spoken, middle-class white boy Mick Jagger was able to launch a long and lucrative career as a Tina Turner impersonator, and nobody ever thought of sending the Beatles to elocution lessons.
In the late 1970's punk complicated things. Music journalists Julie Burchill, Tony Parsons and Garry Bushell - who'd made their bones as fashionably leftist working-class spitfires - managed to both fetishise their proletarian roots while simultaneously moving right with the Thatcherite tide. Bushell was instrumental in promoting Oi - a rougher, tougher, jollier and prolier version of punk that proclaimed itself apolitical while largely ignoring the racists that infiltrated its ranks.
Oi was the pop wing of the self-defining white working-class monoculture's last gasp, and as such it was seized upon with glee by middle-class writers. Trevor Griffith's 1982 TV play, Oi! For England, for instance, featured a skinhead called Swells, suggesting that Trevor's research hadn't extended much beyond reading the music press.
One result of this new prole-cult was that the skinhead - that curious cross between the 1960s Afro-Caribbean rude boy and the homoerotic distillation of an already obsolescent, industrial, male working-class aesthetic - became one of the UK's most successful cultural exports (alongside his slightly hairier cousin. the soccer hooligan), being adopted by racists and neo-nazis all over the world (and, perversely, by most of their anti-racist opponents).
Jammed between the righteousness of punk's Rock Against Racism and the multiracial cool of 2 Tone, Oi was a fizzing mess of contradictions - combining self-parody with wilful ignorance and a desperate nostalgia for an absurdly archaic music hall version of East End proletarianism.
The Leeds-based anarchist band Chumbawamba (comprised entirely of white working-class kids) sent Bushell a track titled I'm Thick, allegedly recorded by an Oi band called Skin Disease. Bushell, trumpeting the track as a fine example of authentic English working-class art, promptly released it on an EP titled Back on the Streets.
Around this time I got my first and last ever factory job, and met a kid from the suburbs who thought Coronation Street was outdated "because people don't still live in houses like that". Lord knows what he made of Boys from the Blackstuff. And Mike Leigh and - woah, but this is crazy - the slew of working-class characters on 80s and 90s TV created by (amazing idea this) working-class writers, directors and actors.
Not that the white middle classes ever stopped running things, This was evidenced by the way Oasis and the Happy Mondays were patronised to hell and back as noble savages - authentic remnants of a dying tribe who would only be spoiled if they were to, say, read a book.
Sometime between Cool Britannia and the launch of chavscum.com, it stopped being cool to be working class. The impeccably proletarian women in Atomic Kitten were dismissed as "Sharons". Four Weddings and a Funeral and Notting Hill sold Americans an England denuded of working-class voices (and non-white faces). And most horrible of all, middle-class white English musicians stopped pretending to be working class. Or black. Or even interesting. And the likes of Chris Martin and James Blunt inherited the Earth.
Or at least part of it. Nobody in the rest of the world is quite sure if MIA or Lily Allen are black or white or what. Nobody under 30 is really sure if it matters, or why it ever did.


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Metatarsalgia (Pain in the Ball of Your Foot) | Cleveland Clinic - Foot bottom pain diagnosis
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Plantar fasciitis causes. Read about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of foot pain. warts on the bottom of the foot are caused by a virus and can cause irritation and pain.
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Learn about the many causes of foot pain, such as diabetes and arthritis. Also discover how it's diagnosed, home remedies, and more. thickening around the nerve tissue between toes near the ball of the foot; hammer toes.
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Pain in the bottom of your foot (ball, arch or sole) will often get better in a few weeks. See a GP if it does not improve.
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Plantar fasciitis commonly causes stabbing pain that usually occurs with It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your Diagnosis & treatment.


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Miller was selected by the Steelers in the 1st round of the 2005 NFL Draft out of the University of Virginia, where he was a unanimous first-team All-American (2004) and two-time first-team All-ACC selection (2003 & 2004). He led all tight ends in the Atlantic Coast Conference in receiving all three seasons that he played college football. He also won the John Mackey Award in 2004 as the nation's top collegiate tight end. Miller was born in Richlands, Virginia and attended Honaker High School, where as a senior he was named the Associated Press Player of the Year. He was also a two-time Associated Press All-State pick.
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text: Recipe 83 from The Smitten Kitchen Cookbook by Deb Perelman WW Note: If you cut the cake into 12 slices you'll get one slice for 9 points! I think you could replace the granulated sugar for monkfruit sweetener and get the slices down to 6 points a piece. If you go one more step and… Continue reading Grapefruit Olive Oil Cake Review


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|309 South Korea Won South Korea = 0.169034 United Kingdom Pound
1 South Korea Won South Korea = 0.0005470359704875 United Kingdom Pound
1 United Kingdom Pound = 1828.0333542031 South Korea Won South Korea
(last updated: 23 Sep 2020)
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+49 (0)8083 9079-0
Monday, February 15, 2016/Categories: News
Wash and hull the strawberries and roughly chop. Slice the vanilla pod in half and scrape out the seeds. First puree the strawberries and the vanilla together in a blender.
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Enjoy your meal!
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Built for modesty
Posted by Adam Jadhav | Filed under india
Typical Rajasthani forts have many rooms and screened sections built specifically for the women of the maharaja's court. Seen one way, such cloistering protected the ladies from the coarse men of the day and gave them almost revered status. Yet, equally if not more, that kind of restriction was a way to contain and control women in a society that believed men deserved all power.
On a tour through the Bikaner fort, I repeatedly bumped in to this beautiful and obviously modest woman, vacationing with her new husband.
Wish those eyes were open.
Tags: bikaner, culture, fort, india, palace, photography, rajasthan, tourism, women


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Hamilton Zanze's acquisition of Tribeca Apartments was recently featured in Multifamily Biz:
San Francisco-based real estate firm Hamilton Zanze (HZ) partnered with an affiliate of Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. to acquire the 160-unit Tribeca apartment community in St. Louis, Missouri from seller Lux Living. The purchase marks Hamilton Zanze's first acquisition in the St. Louis metro.
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UAE Exp Document Controller
- Salary: After Interview
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One thing my kids love doing is taking road trips. We have four kids, so road trips can be a little crazy if we're not prepared. If you plan on taking a road trip with kids, keep these tips in mind. Know your kids well I have found that our most successful road trips with kids happen because we know our kids well. We know how long they can last in the car. We know how often they need to eat. We also know what is going to keep them occupied. It's best to try and understand how your kids … [Read more...]
How to Plan a Summer Road Trip
Summer is right around the corner. This is exciting because most families prepare to take a road trip during the summer months. Summer is the perfect time to travel because there is no snow and you can enjoy the outdoors as much as you want. If you're planning a summer road trip, here are some ideas to get you started. #1. Start with a destination – The first step to planning a summer road trip is to start with a destination. Where do you want to go? You need to consider how far you want to … [Read more...]
To Drive or Fly? Things to Consider
When it's time to go on vacation, it may be hard to try and decide to drive or fly. It's nice to have everything laid on the table to help you decide what would work best for you or your family. To drive or fly? Here are a few things to consider. #1. The distance of your trip The first thing to consider when deciding to fly or drive is the distance you will be traveling. If you're going an hour away, you would probably drive instead of flying. However, if you were traveling 5-10 hours … [Read more...]
New Train Station Adventure at LDC Kansas City
Hey Kansas City fans, there is a fun new exhibit at LEGOLAND Discovery Center at Crown Center - Train Station Adventure. Out with the old and in with the new... play place that is. LEGOLAND Discovery Center has been updated. The old play place has been replace with a new and incredibly fun Train Station Adventure play place. Train Station Adventure allows kids to climb, slide, jump and roll around train obstacles and even take control in the conductor's chair. In addition to a new play area, … [Read more...]
What to Do if Your Car Breaks Down on Vacation
Have you ever been on vacation and your car breaks down? If not, consider yourself lucky. If you have, hopefully you were prepared enough. Here is what you do if your car breaks down on vacation. Preventative care is important You probably don't want to hear this. However, preventative care is super important. Before you even head on your road trip, it's best to get your vehicle looked at. Of course, once you have left, there's no turning back. Just a quick tip before you head out on … [Read more...]
Planning a Trip to Branson
My family loves visiting Branson, Missouri. So much that we visit every year at least once. As summer begins to approach and I already have our resort stay booked, I'm beginning to plan activities for the week we are there. I love planning our trip to Branson. Favorite Attractions Some of our favorite things to do are Dolly Parton's Stampede, Silver Dollar City and Branson Tracks. These three attractions we visit every time we are in Branson. Dolly Parton's Stampede is a really fun dinner … [Read more...]
Making Your Florida Road Trip a Reality
Florida is a beautiful state known for its warm weather, sandy beaches and diverse culture. For those who live in a colder climate, it can be the perfect destination for those looking to escape the cold and snow. However, there is truly never a bad time to visit Disney World or take in a Jacksonville Jaguars game. What are some ways in which you can make your dream road trip a reality? Look for Vacation Packages If you are planning to drive to Florida, you won't need to … [Read more...]
Omaha Family Vacation Just got Cheaper
As one final trip before summer ends and we head back to school my family took an #OmahaWeekend vacation in Nebraska. Visit Omaha reached out to me to tell me about their new Omaha Savings App and invited my family to come enjoy some of the attractions that are featured on that app. We were so excited to visit places we've been before and some new destinations as well. Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium We've been to the Henry Doorly Zoo before and love it so much! Recently the zoo underwent some … [Read more...]
Fun Family Stops in Kansas City, Kansas
In June I had the pleasure of accompanying Visit Kansas City, Kansas on a press trip. It was a lot of fun to stay somewhat local and explore locations I'd never been before. All of our stops were perfect for families and got added to my family's summer bucket list. I want to share with you the fun family stops in Kansas City, Kansas we made, so you too can add it to your travel lists. National Agriculture Center and Hall of Fame While the National Agriculture Center and Hall of Fame may not … [Read more...]
American Girls Go Royal
I had no idea that my local American Girl store (and all American Girl stores) had fun events for girls and their dolls until Visit Overland Park emailed me inviting my family to a special Royal event. My family was invited to visit the American Girl store in the Oak Park Mall in Overland Park, KS where my daughter could get her doll's hair fixed in a special hair do for the Kansas City Royals baseball game later that evening! When we arrived at the store each family member received a goody … [Read more...]
Hello Neighbor!
Hello neighbor! We're happy to welcome you to Pittsburgh this summer. Pittsburgh's convenient location is only a six-hour drive from nine states, Washington D.C., and parts of Canada. Driving isn't the only option with Pittsburgh just a 90-minute flight for 70% of North America's population. And the award-winning Pittsburgh International Airport is just a quick shuttle ride from downtown. What're you waiting for? Come by and say hello! Pittsburgh was named one of the Best Places to Travel in … [Read more...]
7 Ways to Perfectly Document Your Vacation
Are you taking a vacation soon and want to be sure you don't forget a single moment? Documenting your trip is a great way to look back and reflect on the fun you had, but doing so might seem like a hassle. The truth is, there are many simple ways to document your next trip that are easy as well as inexpensive, so you can be sure you don't forget a single thing. Take a look below at 7 ways to perfectly document your vacation so you can be sure your memories are always safe. 1. Create a memory … [Read more...]
Disney Cruise Fish Extender Gift Ideas
Thanks to Oriental Trading Company for providing free product samples for my Fish Extender Gift Ideas post. All opinions are my own. My family is taking our very first Disney cruise soon. As I have been doing research on how to plan for a Disney cruise, what to pack, what is different about a Disney cruise than other cruise lines, I discovered the magical world of Fish Extender Gifts. What is a Fish Extender? Right outside each cabin is a fish or some other sea creature attached to the … [Read more...]
Blue Man Group Boston
I have decided that there is no place where an adult can feel young again like a performance of Blue Man Group. I decided that for my husband's birthday I was going to do something a little different and go all out. We would head into the city, go to dinner, walk around and enjoy some entertainment. We like fun and we like funny! I knew that he wouldn't enjoy a musical near as much as I would so I figured I would look for something that was a little more his style. That didn't mean it had … [Read more...]
How to Save Money When Renting a Motorhome
Have you ever thought about renting a motorhome for your next vacation? Sure, it may be something you've never done before, but it actually sounds pretty cool. Think about all of the room you would have while traveling, the money you could save, and the adventures you could take. However, since you've never rented a motorhome, you may wonder how one can save money. Well, check out these tips for saving money when renting a motorhome. Consider the size of the Motorhome. If you are renting a … [Read more...]