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Appalachian Review
Edited by Jason Howard
Frequency: Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter
Latest Issue: Volume 48, Issue 2
Size: 6 x 9, approx. 130 pages
Bibliographic Information: ISSN: 2692-9244 (print) 2692-9244 (online)
- Individuals
Digital access through Project MUSE
Appalachian Review website
UNC Press Journals Home
In this age of information overload, Appalachian Review strives to be a literary sanctuary for the finest contemporary writing that we can find. Each quarterly issue showcases the work of emerging and established writers throughout Appalachia and beyond, offering readers literature that is thoughtful, innovative, and revelatory.
Founded in 1973 as Appalachian Heritage and based at Berea College since 1985, Appalachian Review considers previously unpublished fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, writing for young adults, craft essays, book reviews, and visual art. In addition to new and emerging writers, contributors to the magazine include finalists for the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award; winners of the T. S. Eliot Award, the E.B. White Award, an O. Henry Prize, among others; and multiple Pushcart Prize nominees. Works by contributors have been reprinted in New Stories from the South and other notable anthologies.
Past contributors to Appalachian Review include Pinckney Benedict, Wendell Berry, Wiley Cash, Nikki Giovanni, bell hooks, Silas House, Fenton Johnson, Barbara Kingsolver, Maurice Manning, Ann Pancake, Jayne Anne Phillips, Ron Rash, Lee Smith, Lyrae Van Clief-Stefanon, Neela Vaswani, Frank X Walker, and Crystal Wilkinson.
For more information, visit Appalachian Review's website, appalachianreview.net.
Jason Howard is the award-winning author, co-author, or editor of three acclaimed books: A Few Honest Words: The Kentucky Roots of Popular Music (University Press of Kentucky, 2012), Something's Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal (University Press of Kentucky, 2009), and We All Live Downstream: Writing About Mountaintop Removal (Motes Books, 2009). His numerous essays, features, reviews, and commentary have been widely anthologized and have appeared in The New York Times, The Nation, Sojourners, Equal Justice Magazine, Paste, The Louisville Review, the international magazine Revolve, and on NPR. Widely acknowledged as one of the South's finest music writers, Howard has interviewed musicians spanning all genres including the iconic Yoko Ono, Dwight Yoakam, Patty Griffin, Naomi Judd, Ricky Skaggs, Jim James of My Morning Jacket, Skinny Deville of Nappy Roots, Caroline Herring, Jay Farrar of Son Volt, jazz pianist Kevin Harris, and legendary folksinger Jean Ritchie. Howard is the co-founder and former creative nonfiction editor of Still: The Journal, Appalachia's first online literary magazine, and former senior editor of the national publication Equal Justice Magazine. Howard was awarded the 2013 Al Smith Individual Artist Fellowship in Creative Nonfiction from the Kentucky Arts Council, and was a finalist for the 2013 Kentucky Literary Award and the 2011 Roosevelt-Ashe Society Outstanding Journalist in Conservation Award. From 2010-2012, he was a James Still Fellow at the University of Kentucky. A southeastern Kentucky native, Howard holds a B.A. in Political Communication from The George Washington University, an M.A. in History from the University of Kentucky, and an MFA in Creative Writing from Vermont College of Fine Arts in 2014.
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Emily Masters
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Published Quarterly
by Berea College
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Table of Contents
Vol. 48, Issue 2
Editor's Note
by Jason Kyle Howard
2019 Denny C. Plattner Awards
Pile of Feathers
by Bethany Holmstrom
by Mary Alice Hostetter
by Vanessa Van Biesen
Creative Nonfiction
Secondhand Stories
by Rebecca Hazelwood
On Mother's Day
Hairline Fracture
DeeJay Battle
Y'all Say I Do, We Say Black Lives Matter
Mrs. Butterworth, Uncle Ben, & Aunt Jemima
Baptism by Dirt
Commencement 2020
by Frank X. Walker
Beersheba Springs Assembly
After the Prodigal Returned
The Flood
by Jenn Blair
Fish Fry
by L. Renée
On Birds
Axis Mundi
Elegy as a Railroad Watch
by Jae Dyche
Match Girl
Lisa M. Kendrick
Leaving the Mountains
by Alison Terjek
Almost Heaven, or Mixed-Race Road Trip Following the Fall of Saigon
by Elizabeth Gordon
Carter Sickels by Robert Gipe
Book Reviews
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News and Announcements
Easter Sunday, April 21st
Easter Sunday Services at Calvary for Families, Friends and Guests 8:00am Sonrise Communion Service 10:30am Easter Celebration ServiceRead More
Youth Alive Missionary Tom Bachman coming to Calvary
Tom Bachman, Youth Alive Missionary to the Oregon Public Schools, will be at Calvary Sunday, April 14th to share what...Read More
Spring Ladies Event
You are invited to join us for "Butterflies in the Garden" event Wednesday, March 20th at 10am in the Focus...Read More
Essential Oil Class
Come learn during our Essential Oil Class how oils can help you and your family. Join us Friday, March 8th at...Read More
Silver Boxes Ladies Event
Silver Boxes - the Gift of Encouragement ladies event is Wednesday, February 13th at 10am in the Calvary Focus Room. ...Read More
Wednesday Evening Bible Study
A new study entitled, "My Body - His Life" is starting Jan 9th at 6pm in the Focus Room. This...Read More
2018 Secret Sisters Reveal Party
Our 2018 Secret Sisters Reveal Party is coming up on Monday, January 28, 2019 at 6:30pm in the Focus Room. ...Read More
Calvary Christmas Celebration Services
Christmas Program Sunday, December 16th at 10:30am Highlights include children's story with Pastor and special music Christmas Service Sunday, December...Read More
Ornament Exchange
Calvary's 12th Annual Christmas Ornament Exchange is Friday, December 7th at 11:00am at the Tea Room. There will be fun,...Read More
Calvary Creations Craft & Hobby Fair
Calvary Creations Craft & Hobby Fair is Saturday, Nov. 10th, 8:30am-3:00pm (this date coincides with the Brookings-Harbor Christmas Bazaar across...Read More
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subset: commoncrawl


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Help Please!!!!! my power went out last night at 9. I ran out this morning and got a genny. i think the tank will be ok im running my return, 2 turbelles, my carbon and my rs2 skimmer( not gravity fed so another 75w going to run the pump for that). everything seems to be perking up a bit and my skimmer is going ballistic. my only worry is that the tank is running at 20degrees. i can plug in the heaters cuz they will kill the genny. WHAT SHOULD I DO. and what should i do once the power is back up again.


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Every customer over the past couple of weeks has been invited to write a message of love...I thought people would write to individuals and some have, but most of the messages are calls to action to all people...to choose love for themselves and the world...so uplifting. Thanks to all who have contributed.
Thursday - Sunday10am - 3pm
also open by appointment


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The Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF) is an international forum of 29 countries and the European Union with an overarching mission of reducing the vulnerability of people worldwide to terrorism by preventing, combating, and prosecuting terrorist acts and countering incitement and recruitment to terrorism.
Our forum brings together experts and practitioners from countries and regions around the world to share experiences and expertise, and develop tools and strategies on how to counter the evolving terrorist threat. The GCTF is Co-Chaired by Canada and Morocco.
We have developed two new podcasts on core GCTF documents: the Abuja Recommendations and the Zurich-London Recommendations. The Abuja Recommendations aim to help investigators and prosecutors build a solid case based on strong and admissible evidence in terrorism cases, while the Zurich-London Recommendations outline good practices to prevent and counter violent extremist content on the Internet.
The Capacity-building in the East Africa Region Working Group published its Mapping Report for 2020. The Mapping Report provides a summary of the Working Group's activities for the year. This year's Report profiles three local-level organizations in Kenya that are working with the GCTF-Inspired Institutions to develop and implement preventing and countering violent extremism conducive to terrorism (P/CVE) interventions in their communities.
The Mapping Report is available in three languages: Arabic, English and French.
Documents of the GCTF Lifecycle Toolkit are now available in an interactive format as well. Here you can find some of our documents as interactive infographics, where you can navigate through the different elements of our good practice documents, guidelines and recommendations on prosecuting terrorists, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters, as well as the important role of psychologists and religious leaders can play in this process.
Short videos are now available that explain the GCTF's work on providing non-binding good practices for States on how to more effectively respond to the foreign terrorist fighters (FTF) phenomenon, how to address the threat of returning and relocating families of foreign terrorist fighters and on ways to prevent, detect, intervene and respond to homegrown terrorism.
You can check out all GCTF videos here!
We have created podcasts covering core GCTF Framework Documents. You can now listen to our podcasts explaining the Rabat Memorandum on Good Practices for Effective Counterterrorism Practice in the Criminal Justice Sector and the good practices on developing national CVE strategies.
The Kingdoms of Morocco and the Netherlands published a Legacy Paper of their work within the frameworks of their Co-Chairmanship of the GCTF between 2015 - 2019. The Legacy Paper highlights the former Co-Chairs' main achievements, as well as the strategic priorities of their Co-Chairmanship.
The Legacy Paper is available in Arabic, English and French.
Please see below the Ministerial Statements of GCTF Members, GCTF-Inspired Institutions and the United Nations delivered at the Tenth GCTF Ministerial Plenary Meeting held in New York, United States on 25 September 2019:
The Tenth GCTF Ministerial Plenary Meeting marks the end of two consecutive mandates of the Kingdom of Morocco and the Kingdom of the Netherlands as Co-Chairs of the GCTF. Canada and Morocco will take over the Co-Chairmanship for the upcoming two years.
At the Tenth GCTF Ministerial Plenary Meeting, the Ministers of the GCTF Member countries endorsed the following new GCTF Framework Documents:
Click here to see a gallery of pictures taken during the Eighth Ministerial Plenary Meeting on 20 September 2017 in New York, United States.
NEW YORK - United States - On 20 September 2017, the Eighth GCTF Ministerial Plenary Meeting, co-chaired by Morocco and the Netherlands, took place in New York, United States.
NEW YORK – United States – On 18 September 2017, the Twelfth GCTF Coordinating Committee Meeting convened in New York.
THE HAGUE - the Netherlands - The Foreign Terrorist Fighters Working Group Co-Chairs, Morocco and the Netherlands, held the last Plenary Meeting of this Working Group under their joint co-chairmanship in The Hague, the Netherlands.
WASHINGTON DC - United States - On 12 May 2017, the GCTF Initiative to Address the Life Cycle of Radicalization to Violence (Life Cycle Initiative) co-leads, Turkey and the United States, and George Washington University's Program on Extremism hosted a practitioner-level workshop to introduce the Life Cycle Initiative and its web-based Toolkit to a wide range of practitioners and implementers.


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Norman Rockwell
Illustrator or artist,
he captured what he saw,
even as "the greats" captured
what they imagined,
& does that make it any more
or any less real?
Illustrator or artist,
he captured what he saw,
even as "the greats" captured
what they imagined,
& does that make it any more
or any less real?
Their culture was Norman Rockwell-ish,
their language, without offense,
their borders open to all who would
obey their commandments.
The genders were distinct—
from heads of home to hearts of home.
They were black-&-white about such things,
the world, 50 shades of grey.
The Mormons saw the family
as the foundation for salvation, whereas
I saw families as something invented
for the orderliness of civilization.
The Separation of Men & Women
was like the Separation of Church & State,
of Law & Medicine,
for in separateness,
there was no Equality.
Men were home teachers,
women, visiting teachers,
& every member was a missionary.
In Catholicism, you went to Church
& then you went home.
Twas the day after Christmas,
when all through the world,
everyone lay a-sleeping,
exhausted from too much holiday keeping.
The Northern Lights are like a cloud of magic
beckoning him home to the North Pole,
the reindeer leaving behind lumps of coal.
It has been a long night of noshing,
crawling up and down fireplaces in snowy wonderlands,
and in and out of windows in rainy summerlands.
He was an old man—
this giver of gifts—
when he was given everlasting life
almost two thousand years ago.
With the help of his elves,
he crafted the cradle
for the Baby King in the manger;
his wife, Ella, had sewn the blanket
He was wrap't in—
a shroud of Bethlehem.
When he and the Missus
had touched the Babe's head,
death was swallowed up whole,
and they were given a task—
to be not the masters,
but the servants of the least among them.
He feels his light fading at times,
for fewer children believe now,
but the younger ones do,
for the Kingdom of Heaven
is made up of such.
All the families, he knew by name—
the ones who leave rummy eggnog in punch mugs
and brandied fruitcake on tea plates;
the ones who leave reindeer treats,
and sugar cookies shaped like stars and snowflakes;
the ones with nothing to give
but letters of wishes and thank you cards
and handmade keepsakes.
It wasn't till centuries later that
the young Norman had captured his essence,
for the boy had caught him unawares
the year he'd left him a box of colors
with which he'd painted the world—
capturing the spirit of Americana,
of happy times and auld lang syne.
Norman had brought him to life through memory—
imagination filling in the rest,
capturing the awe and wonder
so many children possess.
As Santa nears home,
the reindeer skating over the ice,
he whispers to the midnight clear,
"Happy Christmastide to all,
and to all, a Happy New Year!"
August has been a busy month. My daughter's first birthday was on the sixth. Interestingly, my husband's two sisters' firstborn children were both girls, born on the seventh of August. Tootie and Becca are only a year apart in age, but my daughter Hannah, is the true baby of the brood, with seventeen and eighteen years separating her from her eldest cousins. I'd tried to hold out till the seventh, so as not to break with tradition, but it was so not happening.
In a way, I don't mind so much, because it's nice not having to share Hannah's special day with anyone. We had a small birthday party for her (an excuse to show her off and catch up with my husband's side of the family). We got a free "smash" cake from Publix, and though I rarely post pictures of my child on here, this one I have to share.
I just started school today, and this blog post is a brain break from algebra homework. I've neglected my blog a bit for the past month, and all writing in general. My friend, Mandy (who has inspired me in so many ways), has been reading my nursery rhyme collection for me; we've decided to see if we can find an art student (she works at a university) who would be willing to collaborate with me.
I would prefer to have illustrations to submit along with the stories (but I won't let it stop me if I don't); just like a photo on a blog catches the eye, it's the illustrations that catches the eye when it comes to children's books. I've never been a fan of Dr. Seuss (story or illustration-wise), and I would be horrified if that style of garish, hideous drawings accompanied any of my work. I prefer what I call softer illustrations–like a cross between Dick and Jane and Norman Rockwell; those types of drawings would complement my rhymes, which I believe have the charm of Mother Goose, still popular today.
However, these are the best young children's books I've come across. I never tire of reading them.
They are beautifully written, and beautifully illustrated, and by the same author, too. Someday, I hope to be talented and skilled enough to do the same.
Though I write primarily because I love it, I came up with several other reasons why I do so:


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|In stock
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An indispensable item for your child's safety if you have a rear child seat and a spring saddle! Children love to fiddle and while the back of your saddle can provide some entertainment, it's highly likely that little fingers will get squashed in the spring as the springs move up and down.
This simple cover goes over the springs and prevents anything from entering the spring area.
Available in black, brown and grey.
Made in Japan


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Book Lists 2020-2021 Book Lists 2020-2021 (.pdf)DownloadRead more
Orientation Schedule
Orientation Schedule Introductory orientation for Preschool, Elementary, Intermediate and Secondary classes is to be held at school on the following dates: Thursday, September 3, 2020. Grade 11 Students (Lebanese Program):from 8:30 am till 9:00 am.Grade 10 Students (Lebanese Program):from 9:30 am till 10:00 am.Grades 10,11,12 Students (American Program):from 10:30 am till 11:00 am. Friday, September…Read more
The Bronze Medal of " Mobarat Al Ouloum" held by the Lebanese University goes to Ward Harb…
The Bronze Medal of " Mobarat Al Ouloum" held by the Lebanese University goes to Ward Harb – Rawdah High School for her outstanding Health and Life Sciences project: « The Vaping Trend, Be Smart Don't Start » Congratulations Ward! We are proud of you.Read more
Dear Parents, Due to the recent lockdown announced by the Government……
Dear Parents,Due to the recent lockdown announced by the government till September 7, the beginning of all classes will be postponed, and the date will be announced at a later stage.However, Grades 9 and 12 online classes will start on August 24 & 25 as scheduled, through the eSchool agenda website: https://www.myeschoolhome.com/agenda Should you need…Read more


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The Three Plum Blossoms of Sancheong County
Lee Ho-sin | Korean Folk Artist
Jeongdangmae Plum
60cm×47cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
60cm×47cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
February has gone and March is arriving,
Memories of spring come back into my dream,
Yet not able to return to the time of the good old memories
No matter how much fortune one possesses,
Who keeps the ripened wine at home as a single flower in bloom?
– Yio Jeong (鄭以吾, 1347~1434)
Spring wind blows a spell over the locals, signaling another season of looking for plum blossoms. At nearby Mt. Jirisan 'Sancheong three plum blossoms (梅)' attracts many tourists with its striking fresh aroma of plum blossoms around this time every year. Sancheong County is not known as a plum-producing region, but for many years has been famously renowned for its striking aroma. The fragrance of the area has been distinguished in historic anecdotes and the stories over plum blossoms travel far back into the ancient times that annotated it as a metaphor of an 'Icy-clear soul'
To begin the florets' journey, 'Wonjeongmae (元正梅); the earliest plum blossoms' welcomes people as the first aroma as the folk town pathways of Namsayeadam folk village. It is primarily known as the area of original plum blossoms that stems back from the time of the Goryeo kingdom.
The first-planted trees were by a scholar, honorable Hajeup (河楫, 1303~1380), who originally initiated the plum blossom tree plantings in the area. The historic event of blooming continues its aromatic legacy over 650 years later.
The trees are still blossoming, despite their old age yet the new baby roots grew stronger, so it luckily continues to be alive. A poem narrates a story of plum blossom scent written on the plaque at the village, as if it proves the beauty of living scent.
Wonjengmae Plum
47cm×60cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
47cm×60cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
Nammyungmae Plum
58cm×94cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
58cm×94cm, Korean ink drawing on Korean paper
The next plum blossom site is 'Jeongdangmae (政堂梅); the central plum blossoms' located at Dansoksaji (斷俗寺址) which is the back of the village of Uneree (雲里). The person who created the central blossoms was the solo grandson of scholar honorable Hajeup, the creator of 'Wonjeongmae (元正梅); the earliest plum blossoms'.
Gang, Hui-Baek (姜淮伯, 1357~1402) was one of the government officers of Literacy and his grandson, Gang, Hui-An, illustrated his grandfather's poem in the edition of 'Short Journal of Flower Blossoms (養花小錄)'.
After a while, the great grandson of Gang, Hui-Baek, Gang, Yong-Hyu, ended up re-transplanting the trees, yet the plaque at the backyard of plum blossoms still remains as the original. Even more, the plaque states the history of 'Jeongdangmae; the Central Aroma' at the spot.
The hitherto sad reality is that they are poorly maintained and losing blossoms ever since all the descendants of the Gang family departed the area. Many branches of the trees are getting cut or hurt by the people who mismanaged them. Now a lot of trees are either damaged or very wilted, thus the blossoms are not as prolific as they once were. The situation is dire and it does need encouragement of spiritual reinforcement to maintain cultural assets.
Not like the others explained above, the next flora introduced is 'Nammyungmae (南冥梅); the southern plum blossoms'. They are fairly vigorously budding everywhere every year. The trees were planted by Nammyung (南冥) Joshik (曺植, 1501~1572), who annotated 'Sancheonjae (山川齋); a ceremony to pay homage to the god of mountains and creeks', was nestled around Sancheonjae near Mt. Deoksan on the way to Mt. Jirisan.
Ten thousands years later, the divinity of the mountain peak placed close to the sky stirs the spirit of plum blossoms early every spring. The mountain aroma disperses into the sky as if the scholars devoted their entire lifetimes to the literacy and educations at the Hill of Deokcheon River.
The kind soul, honorable Nammyung reinvigorates the lifespan of the Sancheonjae ceremony on his verse couplet put on a pillar.
Where does not have grasses like floras in the time of spring mountains?
The energy of the mountain peak wants to stroke heaven from the sky.
With what to fill my stomach, as I was born to this world with empty hands?
Drinking ten thousand miles of Milky Way away,
Yet the infinite Milky Ways never run out.


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NEW BUILD MODERN FRONTLINE GOLF VILLAS FOR SALE IN LOS ALCAZARES, MURCIA 3 Bedroom, 3 bathroom detached front line Golf Villas on 300m2 plot close to the Mar Menor and Los Alcazares. Entering onto the large plot, with off road parking for 1 car, there is plenty of garden space and terraces to enjoy the Spanish climate. The optional pools are situated to the rear of the property, overlooking the golf course. Inside the villa there is a large open plan lounge diner, with an American style kitchen with wall mounted and floor standing cupboards off to one side. There is a small corridor that leads to the first family bathroom and the first double bedroom with fitted wardrobes. Both the lounge diner and first bedroom have large windows overlooking the pool and Golf course. In the centre of the villa there are a set of stairs going upto the second level. Here there are a further 2 double bedrooms with fitted wardrobes, both have en suite bathrooms, and access to the upper terrace which also overlooks the Golf course. Property Features: Bedrooms: 3 Bathrooms: 3 Build: 152m2 Plot: 300m2 Distance to beach: 5 min. Distance to airport: 10 min. Distance to amenities: 1 min. Distance to Golf: Front line Golf Swimming Pool (optional extra) Garden Golf Property Close to services Off road Parking Tiled terrace Air Conditioning pre installed (units extra) Scenic Views Lounge/Diner Balcony Open Plan Kitchen Development size: 4 These properties are supplied unfurnished, with many options available to the buyer. We can provide excellent after sales service, including sourcing furniture packs, air conditioning, and supplemental services. We have years of experience selling property in Spain, working with the best builders in the areas, offering plenty of choice for the discerning buyer covering the Costa Blanca & Costa Calida areas. These villas are conveniently situated close to shops, bars, restaurants, supermarkets, etc. the golden sandy beaches of the Costa Blanca, Costa Calida & the Mar Menor are only 8 minutes away, and is close to all main transport links, with just a 10 minute drive to Murcia (San Javier) or 45 minute drive Alicante airports and only minutes from any of a dozen world class golf courses. These properties are an excellent investment, suitable for use as a holiday home/ second home, or for permanent living. Please note that some images are computer generated, and may differ from the finished product.
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Theend-of-life decisions are quite controversial and debates on them maynever come to a conclusion. One of these decisions involves the rightof families and patients to insist on the continuation of medicationthat has been confirmed to be futile by competent health careproviders. Futile treatment is defined as the type of medication thatis considered to be ineffective since the patient has been overcomeby an illness and it is more certain that such a patient will die(Kasman, 2004). This paper presents an argument that family membersand the patient have no right from the economic, social, quality oflife, and legal perspectives to insist on the administration offutile medication.
Thestakeholders' involvement in the process of decision makingvalidates and increases the acceptance of the conclusions made. Inthe case of decisions on the futility of the treatment processes andtermination of such medications, there are four major stakeholdersinvolved. First, patients may write living wills during their statingwhether they would like to undergo life support medication even if itis futile (Glen, 2015). Secondly, family members may make decisionson behalf of patients who become incompetent before making a livingwill regarding the use of futile medication. Third, health careproviders play an advisory role and have the responsibility ofdetermining whether a given treatment is futile or not. Fourth, thegovernment makes laws regarding the administration of futiletreatment. Fifth, the patient may have appointed surrogates to makehealth decisions on their behalf when they become incompetent.
Althoughthe family members may have some wish for their incompetent patient,the opinion of the rest of the stakeholders counts when determiningthe termination of futile treatment. For example, an appeal by thefamily members to continue a treatment that has been confirmed byhealth care providers to be futile is irrelevant, especially when thepatient had left a previous wish refusing to such treatment (Glen,2015). However, a decision on whether the patient can make a similarclaim, requesting to continue with futile medication can bedetermined using the legal and ethical provisions.
Roleof government and the legislative substantiation
Governmentis among the key stakeholders who determine the legal status ofdifferent medical procedures, including the futile medication.Naturally, human beings fear death and making the end of lifedecisions (such as the termination of futile treatment) is difficultamong the family members, relatives, and close friends. Thesestakeholders may insist on the continuation of futile treatment, notbecause they believe the patient will recover, but out of pity forthe dying patient. To this end, the intervention of the governmentthrough legislations makes it easy for the health care providers todecide when to terminate futile treatment since family members maynever make such decisions (Clark, 2007). This raises a conflict ofinterest between relatives and health care providers, which can onlybe resolved by the law.
Currently,most of the state governments have formulated laws that make it clearthat the health care providers can terminate futile medicationagainst the wishes of legal guardians as long as the patient iscertain to die. For example, the Advance Directive Act made in Texasauthorize health care providers to terminate futile medicationwithout taking account of an otherwise opinion of the family members,as long as it is consistent with the wish of the patient (Clark,2007). In addition, Chapter 166 of the Health and Safety Code allowhealth care providers to terminate futile medication even without theadvanced directive by the patient, provided that they can prove thatthe patient is certain to die (Clark, 2007). This was confirmed inthe case of Sun Hudson, 2005, who suffered from thanatophoricdysplasis and the health care providers was certain that he was goingto die. The doctor removed the breathing tube inconsistent with thewish of Sun's mother, but the court held that the provider actedwithin the law (Clark, 2007). This confirms that family members andthe patient do not have the legal right to insist on receivingmedication that has been proven to be futile.
Outcomeof terminating futile medication
Fromthe legal perspective, it is evident that health care providers havethe right to terminate futile medication while the patient and thefamily members lacks the legal grounds to insist on the continuationof such treatment. This has both negative and positive outcomes.First, the legal position allows the incompetent patient to die withdignity by reducing the suffering and pain (Connect us FundOrganization, 2015). Secondly, denying the patient and the familymembers the right to push for administration of futile medicationsafe the family and friends from financial, physical, and emotionaldistress, although they may not be able to acknowledge this positiveoutcome in public. Third, the law allows the health care providers toserve other patients who are likely to recover by withdrawing futilemedication from those who will certainly die, which address the issueof the shortage of health care providers.
Onthe negative side, denying the patient and close family members theright to push for futile medication may have short-term emotionaldistress since losing a loved one is naturally a painful experience(Clark, 2007). Litigation is among the most likely negative outcomeof the providers' decision to terminate futile medication. This isbecause some family members believe that they have more right in thepatient's decision than the physician when it comes to the end oflife issues. Some may also argue that giving the health careproviders the right to terminate medication that they consider to befutile without considering the opinion of the patient or the familymember takes away the value of life. In overall, although denyingfamily members and the patient the right to insist on theadministration of futile medication has both the negative andpositive outcomes, it is evident that it benefits the patient andfamily members emotionally and economically.
Thecost of administering futile medication is considered to besubstantially higher than treating normal patients. This is becausefutile care, in most cases, is mean to sustain the life of a delicatepatient. A study conducted by Huynh, Kleerup, Willey & Garber(2013) indicated that a hospital spent $ 2.6 million a day toadminister futile treatment to about 134 patients. A similar studyindicated that a hospital can save about $ 157,380 ($ 324.49 per bed)by reducing the number of ICU patients by 485 (Rubenfeld, 2014). Thisproves the fact that it is economically viable to terminate futilemedication and deny patients and parents the right to insist on suchmedication when it is certain that the patient will not recover fromthe current illness.
Issuesof quality of life
Thequality of life of the dying patient is controversial, especiallywhen the issue of terminating or continuing with futile medication isintroduced. However, there are incidents in which the quality of lifecan be protected well when futile treatment is terminated than whencontinuing with unproductive medication. According to Hospice (2014)it becomes morally justifiable to withdraw futile mediation when suchinterventions are likely to produce more burdens or harm to patientand relatives. Terminating the medication saves the patient fromunnecessary pain since they will still die even if the medication isoffered. To this end, the quality of life of a dying patient issufficiently low and futile medication cannot make it any better.
Benefitsto the society
Itis more beneficial to the society to terminate futile medication thanto continue with it. For example, the majority of the health carefacilities are experiencing a severe shortage of nurses and otherproviders, which means that allowing patients who have no hope ofrecovering to die will give providers more time to serve the rest ofthe patients (Connect us Fund Organization, 2015). In addition, thecost of care is a critical issue affecting the modern societydirectly and indirectly. This means that the government resourcesand resources from other sources should be used to assist members ofthe society who will eventually recover and contribute towards socialand economic growth of the society. Although the death of a patientreceiving futile medication may cause some distress to members of thesociety, it has a long-term social benefit since people will stopseeing other members of the society writhe in pain.
Thelegal, social, and economic perspectives support the argument thatpatients and members of their families have no right to insist on thecontinuation of futile medication. From the legal perspective, boththe legislations and the court decisions allow health care providersto ignore the opinion of the patient and their legal guardians whenterminating futile medication. From the social perspective, letting apatient who will never recover from a chronic illness die addressesthe issue of doctors and nurse shortage. Basing the argument on theeconomic perspective, hospitals can save millions of dollars annuallyby terminating futile medication. To this end, patients and familiesshould not be allowed to decide whether futile medication will becontinued or not.
Clark,A. (2007). Medical futility: Legal and ethical analysis. VirtualMentor,9 (5), 375-383.
Connectus Fund Organization (2015). Main pros and cons of legalizingphysician assisted suicide. ConnectusfundOrganization.Retrieved December 5, 2015, fromhttp://connectusfund.org/8-main-pros-and-cons-of-legalizing-physician-assisted-suicide
Glen,R. (2015). Futile or fruitful: The Charter and the decision towithhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment. HealthLaw Journal.Retrieved December 5, 2015, fromhttps://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-229302909/futile-or-fruitful-the-charter-and-the-decision-to
Huynh,N., Kleerup, C., Willey, F., & Garber, J. (2013). The frequencyand cost of treatment perceived to be futile in critical care. JAMAInternal Medicine,173 (20), 1887-1894.
Hospice(2014). Theethics of life prolonging treatment.Washington, DC: Hospice Friendly Hospitals.
Kasman,L. (2004). When is medical treatment futile? Journalof General Internal Medicine,19 (10), 1053-1056.
Rubenfeld,D. (2014). Economicimplications of end of life decisions.Toronto: University of Toronto.


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Nearly two months after a teen died from a gunshot wound in Wilkes-Barre, a 13-year-old boy is now charged in connection with his death.
The case remains shrouded in mystery, and the district attorney will not say if that boy is the suspected killer.
Tyler Winstead, 14, was shot and killed in Wilkes-Barre on April 5.
Wednesday a 13-year-old boy was taken into custody after a closed-door meeting at the Luzerne County Courthouse.
We know that boy is charged in connection with the death, but that's about it.
Thursday night another meeting of the Building Bridges Campaign is scheduled to begin at G.A.R. High School. The group was formed in response to recent violence involving young people in Wilkes-Barre.
When Tyler Winstead was shot and killed on Hill Street on April 5, police said the only person who told them what he saw what happened was Winstead's 13-year-old friend.
That friend, who first told police Winstead was hit during a drive-by shooting, was the teen who was led out of Luzerne County court after the closed-door meeting Wednesday afternoon.
Winstead was an honors student at G.A.R. High School, and since his death, investigators have kept quiet about the details of the case.
In the days and weeks following the shooting, authorities searched the friend's house, just two doors down from Winstead's home on Hill Street and left carrying boxes.
Because the friend is only 13 and he is not charged with homicide, Pennsylvania juvenile law does not allow the details of his hearing to be made public.
Former Luzerne County District Attorney Bob Gillespie explains why.
"We do know certain things. We know he hasn't been charged with a homicide. If he had been charged with a homicide it would have first gone to adult court and that would have been open to the general public," said Gillespie.
According to Pennsylvania law, only the most serious charges against a juvenile that age can be made public.
"The speculation obviously is this was either an accidental shooting or that, if it was not an accident, it does not rise to the level of homicide to involuntary manslaughter," added Gillespie.
Since Winstead's death eight weeks ago, authorities have kept quiet about the details surrounding the shooting, but Gillespie said investigators could have told neighbors weeks ago that they did not believe a shooter was on the loose.
"At some point in time I would expect some law enforcement official to step forward and say what happened without accusing any individual or that juvenile in that act that occurred," said Gillespie.
More arrests are possible, and Luzerne County District Attorney Stefanie Salavantis said if any adults are charged in connection with the death of Tyler Winstead by law then those details would be made public.
"I feel that the case is coming together and that we know what we need to know at this point, and we know the facts. We are proceeding as that needs to be done," said Salavantis.


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Settling the debate on birth order and personality
Birth order is one of the most pervasive human experiences, which is universally thought to determine how intelligent, nice, responsible, sociable, emotionally stable, and open to new experiences we are (1). The debate over the effects of birth order on personality has spawned continuous interest for more than 100 y, both from the general public and from scientists. And yet, despite a consistent stream of research, results remained inconclusive and controversial. In the last year, two definitive papers have emerged to show that birth order has little or no substantive effect on personality. In the first paper, a huge sample was used to test the relation between birth order and personality in a between-family design, and the average effect was equal to a correlation of 0.02 (2). Now, in PNAS, Rohrer, Egloff, and Schmukle (3) investigate the link between birth order and personality in three large samples from Great Britain, the United States, and Germany, using both between- and within-family designs. The results show that birth order has null effects on personality across the board, with the exception of intelligence and self-reported intellect, where firstborns have slightly higher scores. When combined, the two studies provide definitive evidence that birth order has little or no substantive relation to personality trait development and a minuscule relation to the development of intelligence.
- ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ridamian{at}uh.edu or bwrobrts{at}illinois.edu.
Author contributions: R.I.D. and B.W.R. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
See companion article 10.1073/pnas.1506451112.


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Many people don't like these strangely developed properties, though you may personally find it interesting. They can be extremely hard sells. If not years, Picking one up without a potential buyer in mind can lead to it sitting in your inventory for months. When you invest in real estate, you may want to make sure you're in an area that you really can live in. You don't want to get real estate just to find out that you don't like the area because then you're going to have to own that property and won't get much use out of it until you can sell it. Get an understanding of tax laws and recent changes. Tax laws are amended and updated regularly which means it is up to you to keep up with them. Sometimes the tax situation on a property can really up the hassle. When it seems to be getting to thick to manage, consider a tax advisor. Search the market for foreclosures, as these can gross you the most income during your investing. These properties will be listed below the market value of the home, as you can get some great deals to turn a profit with. If you win you could be sitting on a gold mine, although there will be a bidding war. Never invest too much money in the beginning as this can cause a lot of problems down the road. Overextending yourself can lead to problems with your savings plans and prevent you from buying great properties in the near future. Develop the proper budget and follow it to a tee. Remember that both losses and gains are inevitable when you invest in real estate. It's essential you don't let the lows determine your fate. Just stay persistent to find success. Continue to learn, keep working, and the results will come your way. Have multiple exit strategies for a property. A lot of things can affect the value of real estate, so you're best having a short term, mid-term, and long term strategy in place. That way you can take action based off of how the market is faring. Having no short term solution can cost you a ton of money if things go awry quickly. Do not let your investments use up your emergency cash and funds on hand. Investing in real estate can involve tying up large amounts of money for a long period of time. This shouldn't affect how you live daily. Even though many times it pays to have a diversified portfolio of properties all over the country and even the world, it is important that you pay close attention to your local area. You will likely get some great deals in your area, and of course this is where you have the most knowledge and the easiest access. Also, you know this area, making it easier for you to get your homework done. It is easier to invest in more than one property if they are all located in the same area. That way, you will be able to save on transportation costs. You will also have the advantage of becoming very familiar with that precise region. To make sure you buy a good piece of real estate, find out what similar properties have sold for. This will give you a good idea of whether a property you're considering is worth the price you're about to pay for it. There are public databases about recent sales, or you can ask a real estate agent to help. Before you do your research carefully to confirm the ownership of the land, do not sign any contracts to buy a piece of land. Hire your own surveyor to identify the property lines clearly. This prevents misrepresentation of the piece of property for sale, and it mitigates any future problems. Real estate investors generally experience both lows and highs. The keys to your success come about when you don't get too down during the low times. Success will be yours, just stay persistent. Continue to learn, keep working, and the results will come your way. You can sometimes use certain times of the year to your advantage. There are times when properties sales are at their lowest due to the time of the year. This is when you have the advantage as a buyer and can use that to your advantage to find motivated sellers who need to sell quickly. Be careful not to lose focus during a bidding war. Bidding wars get people emotionally charged up. That can lead to bad mistakes like paying too much for a home or bidding against yourself. Remember, the numbers never lie. Stick to your initial bow and numbers out when the price goes over them. Have a business account, and stick to using it. If you invest too much of your personal money in a property, you could lose money. This might leave you short on funds to pay your bills or take care of personal needs. Treat this like a business so you don't risk losing it all. Be careful not to lose focus during a bidding war. Bidding wars get people emotionally charged up. That can lead to bad mistakes like paying too much for a home or bidding against yourself. Remember, the numbers never lie. Stick to your initial numbers and bow out when the price goes over them. Knowing what to do can help you invest in real estate. It is important to always gain as much knowledge as you can, so you are more familiar with real estate investing. Anyone can learn, and now that you know more about it, your investment skills will take off. 卡式台胞證照片辦理申請過期費用臺胞證台灣居民來往大陸通行證 清潔公司台北新北推薦費用居家清潔打掃冷氣 徵信公司徵信社推薦討債抓奸費用外遇找人離婚征信社尋人欠債抓姦抓猴跑路 台北植牙牙醫診所牙科新北費用假牙牙套牙橋 台北隆乳醫美微整形隆鼻美白針診所玻尿酸音波拉皮墊下巴肉毒桿菌雙眼皮自體脂肪隆乳 新北外燴餐盒台北茶會點心餐飲推薦外烩 近視雷射眼科診所白內障手術散光 室內設計裝潢翻新居家客廳裝修老屋設計圖室內設計師 會計師事務所成立營業商工商業公司登記記帳士 安養院安養中心長照2.0護理之家養老院失智症 漏水屋頂抓漏防水費用壁癌 消滅蟑螂老鼠防治消毒滅蟑公司蜘蛛跳蚤除蟲果蠅白蟻紅火蟻


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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hunting with the Bow and Arrow, by Saxton PopeCopyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check thecopyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributingthis or any other Project Gutenberg eBook.This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this ProjectGutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit theheader without written permission.Please read the "legal small print," and other information about theeBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included isimportant information about your specific rights and restrictions inhow the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make adonation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved.**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts****eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971*******These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****Title: Hunting with the Bow and ArrowAuthor: Saxton PopeRelease Date: May, 2005 [EBook #8084][Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule][This file was first posted on June 13, 2003]Edition: 10Language: EnglishCharacter set encoding: ISO-Latin-1*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HUNTING WITH THE BOW AND ARROW ***Produced by Eric Eldred, Marvin A. Hodges, Tonya Allen, Charles Franksand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.HUNTING with the BOW &ARROWBySaxton PopeWith 48 IllustrationsDEDICATED TOROBIN HOODA SPIRIT THAT AT SOME TIME DWELLS IN THEHEART OF EVERY YOUTHCONTENTSI.--THE STORY OF THE LAST YANA INDIAN.II.--ISHI'S BOW AND ARROW.III.--ISHI'S METHODS OF HUNTING.IV.--ARCHERY IN GENERAL.V.--HOW TO MAKE A BOW.VI.--HOW TO MAKE AN ARROW.VII.--ARCHERY EQUIPMENT.VIII.--HOW TO SHOOT.IX.--THE PRINCIPLES OF HUNTING.X.--THE RACCOON, WILDCAT, FOX, COON, CAT, AND WOLF.XI.--DEER HUNTING.XII.--BEAR HUNTING.XIII.--MOUNTAIN LIONS.XIV.--GRIZZLY BEAR.XV.--ALASKAN ADVENTURES.A CHAPTER OF ENCOURAGEMENT BY STEWART EDWARDWHITE.THE UPSHOT.ILLUSTRATIONSTHE SHADES OF SHERWOOD FORESTA DEATH MASK OF ISHIISHI AND APPERSONCALLING GAME IN AMBUSHTHE INDIAN'S FAVORITE SHOOTING POSITIONCHOPPING OUT A JUNIPER BOWOUR CARAVAN LEAVING DEER CREEK CANYONISHI FLAKING AN OBSIDIAN ARROW HEADTHE INDIAN AND A DEERTHREE TYPES OF HUNTING ARROWSA BLUNT ARROW SHOT THROUGH AN INCH BOARD"BRER" FOX UP A TREEART YOUNG SHOOTS FISHDETAILS OF BOW CONSTRUCTIONSEVERAL STEPS IN ARROW MAKINGARROW HEADS OF VARIOUS SORTS USED IN HUNTINGNECESSARY ARCHERY EQUIPMENTAN ARCHER'S MEASURE, A FISTMELETHE ENGLISH METHOD OF DRAWING THE ARROWNOCKING THE SHAFT ON THE STRINGTHE LONG BOW FULL DRAWNWILL AND MAURICE THOMPSON, AS THEY APPEARED IN 1878SHOOTING BRUSH RABBITSARCHERS IN AMBUSHISHI RIDING A HORSE FOR THE FIRST TIMEA REST AT NOONA LYNX THAT MET AN ARCHERTHE CHIEF LOOKING OVER GOOD DEER COUNTRYMR. COON BROUGHT INTO CAMPA PRETTY PAIR OF WINGSJUST A LITTLE HUNT BEFORE BREAKFASTYOUNG AND COMPTON WITH A QUAIL APIECEWOODCHUCKS GALORE!PORCUPINE QUILLS TO DECORATE A QUIVERA FATAL ARROW AT 65 YARDSTHE CHIEF AND ART GET A BUCK AT 85 YARDSTOM MURPHY WITH HIS TWO BEST DOGS, BUTTON ANDBALDYYOUNG AND I ARE VERY PROUD OF OUR MAIDEN BEARARTHUR YOUNG AND HIS COUGAROUR FIRST MOUNTAIN LIONWE PACK THE PANTHER TO CAMPCAMP AT SQUAW LAKE, WYOMINGTHE RESULT OF OUR FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH GRIZZLYBEARBRINGING HOME THE TROPHIESLOOKING FOR GRIZZLIES ON CUB CREEKTHE TREE THAT NED FROST CLIMBED TO ESCAPE DEATHMY FEMALE GRIZZLY AND THE ARROW THAT KILLED HERARTHUR YOUNG SLAYS THE MONARCH OF THE MOUNTAINSBULL MOOSE BAGGED ON THE KENAI PENINSULATHE GREAT KADIAC BEAR BROUGHT LOWARTHUR YOUNG OUTWITS THE ALASKA BIGHORNHunting with the Bow andArrowITHE STORY OF THE LAST YANA INDIANThe glory and romance of archery culminated in England before thediscovery of America. There, no doubt, the bow was used to itsgreatest perfection, and it decided the fate of nations. The crossbowand the matchlock had supplanted the longbow when Columbussailed for the New World.It was, therefore, a distinct surprise to the first explorers of Americathat the natives used the bow and arrow so effectively. In fact, thesword and the horse, combined with the white man's superlative self-assurance, won the contest over the aborigines more than theprimitive blunderbuss of the times. The bow and arrow was still moredeadly than the gun.With the gradual extermination of the American Indian, the westwardmarch of civilization, and the improvement in firearms, this contestbecame more and more unequal, and the bow disappeared from theland. The last primitive Indian archer was discovered in California inthe year 1911.When the white pioneers of California descended through thenorthern part of that State by the Lassen trail, they met with a tribe ofIndians known as the Yana, or Yahi. That is the name they calledthemselves. Their neighbors called them the Nozi, and the white mencalled them the Deer Creek or Mill Creek Indians. Different from theother tribes of this territory, the Yana would not submit without astruggle to the white man's conquest of their lands.The Yana were hunters and warriors. The usual California nativeswere yellow in color, fat and inclined to be peaceable. The Yanawere smaller of stature, lithe, of reddish bronze complexion, andinstead of being diggers of roots, they lived by the salmon spear andthe bow. Their range extended over an area south of Mount Lassen,east of the Sacramento River, for a distance of fifty miles.From the earliest settlement of the whites, hostilities existed betweenthem. This resulted in definitely organized expeditions against theseIndians, and the annual slaughter of hundreds.The last big round-up of Mill Creek Indians occurred in 1872, whentheir tribe was surprised at its seasonal harvest of acorns. Upon thisoccasion a posse of whites killed such a number of natives that it issaid the creek was damned with dead bodies. An accurate account ofthese days may be obtained from Watterman's paper on the YanaIndians. [Footnote: Vol. 13, No. 2, Am. Archaeology and Ethnology.]During one of the final raids upon the Yana, a little band of Indianwomen and children hid in a cave. Here they were discovered andmurdered in cold blood. One of the white scouting party laconicallystated that he used his revolver to blow out their brains because therifle spattered up the cave too much.So it came to pass, that from two or three thousand people, the Yanawere reduced to less than a dozen who escaped extermination.These were mainly women, old men and children. This tribal remnantsought the refuge of the impenetrable brush and volcanic rocks ofDeer Creek Canyon. Here they lived by stealth and cunning. Likewild creatures, they kept from sight until the whites quite forgot theirexistence.It became almost a legend that wild Indians lived in the Mount Lassendistrict. From time to time ranchers or sheep herders reported thattheir flocks had been molested, that signs of Indians had been foundor that arrowheads were discovered in their sheep. But little credencewas given these rumors until the year 1908, when an electric powercompany undertook to run a survey line across Deer Creek Canyonwith the object of constructing a dam.One evening, as a party of linemen stood on a log at the edge of thedeep swift stream debating the best place to ford, a naked Indian roseup before them, giving a savage snarl and brandishing a spear. In aninstant the survey party disbanded, fell from the log, and crossed thestream in record-breaking time. When they stopped to get theirbreath, the Indian had disappeared. This was the first appearance ofIshi, [Footnote: Ishi is pronounced "E-she."] the Yana.Next morning an exploring expedition set out to verify the excitedreport of the night before. The popular opinion was that no suchwildman existed, and that the linemen had been seeing things. Oneof the group offered to bet that no signs of Indians would be found.As the explorers reached the slide of volcanic boulders where theapparition of the day before had disappeared, two arrows flew pastthem. They made a run for the top of the slide and reached it just intime to see two Indians vanish in the brush. They left behind them anold white-haired squaw, whom they had been carrying. She waspartially paralyzed, and her legs were bound in swaths of willow bark,seemingly in an effort to strengthen them.The old squaw was wrinkled with age, her hair was cropped short asa sign of mourning, and she trembled with fear. The white menapproached and spoke kindly to her in Spanish. But she seemed notto understand their words, and apparently expected only death, for inthe past to meet a white man was to die. They gave her water todrink, and tried to make her call back her companions, but withoutavail.Further search disclosed two small brush huts hidden among thelaurel trees. So cleverly concealed were these structures that onecould pass within a few yards and not discern them. In one of the hutsacorns and dried salmon had been stored; the other was theirhabitation. There was a small hearth for indoor cooking; bows,arrows, fishing tackle, a few aboriginal utensils and a fur robe werefound. These were confiscated in the white man's characteristicmanner. They then left the place and returned to camp.Next day the party revisited the site, hoping to find the rest of theIndians. These, however, had gone forever.Nothing more was seen or heard of this little band until the year 1911,when on the outskirts of Oroville, some thirty-two miles from the DeerCreek camp, a lone survivor appeared. Early in the morning, broughtto bay by a barking dog, huddled in the corner of a corral, was anemaciated naked Indian. So strange was his appearance and soalarmed was the butcher's boy who found him, that a hasty call for thetown constable brought out an armed force to capture him.Confronted with guns, pistols, and handcuffs, the poor man was sickwith fear. He was taken to the city jail and locked up for safekeeping.There he awaited death. For years he had believed that to fall into thehands of white men meant death. All his people had been killed bywhites; no other result could happen. So he waited in fear andtrembling. They brought him food, but he would not eat; water, but hewould not drink. They asked him questions, but he could not speak.With the simplicity of the white man, they brought him other Indians ofvarious tribes, thinking that surely all "Diggers" were the same. Buttheir language was as strange to him as Chinese or Greek.And so they thought him crazy. His hair was burnt short, his feet hadnever worn shoes, he had small bits of wood in his nose and ears; heneither ate, drank, nor slept. He was indeed wild or insane.By this time the news of the wild Indian got into the city papers, andProfessor T. T. Watterman, of the Department of Anthropology at theUniversity of California, was sent to investigate the case. Hejourneyed to Oroville and was brought into the presence of thisstrange Indian. Having knowledge of many native dialects, Dr.Watterman tried one after the other on the prisoner. Through goodfortune, some of the Yana vocabulary had been preserved in therecords of the University. Venturing upon this lost language,Watterman spoke in Yana the words, Siwini, which means pinewood, tapping at the same time the edge of the cot on which they sat.In wonderment, the Indian's face lighted with faint recognition.Watterman repeated the charm, and like a spell the man changedfrom a cowering, trembling savage. A furtive smile came across hisface. He said in his language, I nu ma Yaki--"Are you an Indian?"Watterman assured him that he was.A great sense of relief entered the situation. Watterman haddiscovered one of the lost tribes of California; Ishi had discovered afriend.They clothed him and fed him, and he learned that the white man wasgood.Since no formal charges were lodged against the Indian, and heseemed to have no objection, Watterman took him to San Francisco,and there, attached to the Museum of Anthropology, he became asubject of study and lived happily for five years. From him it waslearned that his people were all dead. The old woman seen in theDeer Creek episode was his mother; the old man was his uncle.These died on a long journey to Mt. Lassen, soon after theirdiscovery. Here he had burned their bodies and gone into mourning.The fact that the white men took their means of procuring food, aswell as their clothing, contributed, no doubt, to the death of the olderpeople.Half starved and hopeless, he had wandered into civilization. Hisfather, once the chieftain of the Yana tribe, having domain over all thecountry immediately south of Mt. Lassen, was long since gone, andwith him all his people. Ranchers and stockmen had usurped theircountry, spoiled the fishing, and driven off the game. The acorn treesof the valleys had been taken from them; nothing remained but evilspirits in the land of his forefathers.Now, however, he had found kindly people who fed him, clothed him,and taught him the mysteries of civilization. When asked his name,he said: "I have none, because there were no people to name me,"meaning that no tribal ceremony had been performed. But the oldpeople had called him Ishi, which means "strong and straight one,"for he was the youth of their camp. He had learned to make fire withsticks; he knew the lost art of chipping arrowheads from flint andobsidian; he was the fisherman and the hunter. He knew nothing ofour modern life. He had no name for iron, nor cloth, nor horse, norroad. He was as primitive as the aborigines of the pre-Columbianperiod. In fact, he was a man in the Stone Age. He was absolutelyuntouched by civilization. In him science had a rare find. He turnedback the pages of history countless centuries. And so they studiedhim, and he studied them.From him they learned little of his personal history and less of that ofhis family, because an Indian considers it unbecoming to speak muchof his own life, and it brings ill luck to speak of the dead. He could notpronounce the name of his father without calling him from the land ofspirits, and this he could only do for some very important reason. Buthe knew the full history of his tribe and their destruction.His apparent age was about forty years, yet he undoubtedly wasnearer sixty. Because of his simple life he was in physical prime,mentally alert, and strong in body.He was about five feet eight inches tall, well proportioned, hadbeautiful hands and unspoiled feet.His features were less aquiline than those of the Plains Indian, yetstrongly marked outlines, high cheek bones, large intelligent eyes,straight black hair, and fine teeth made him good to look upon.As an artisan he was very skilful and ingenious. Accustomed toprimitive tools of stone and bone, he soon learned to use mostexpertly the knife, file, saw, vise, hammer, ax, and other modernimplements.Although he marveled at many of our inventions and appreciatedmatches, he took great pride in his ability to make fire with two sticksof buckeye. This he could do in less than two minutes by twirling oneon the other.About this time I became an instructor in surgery at the UniversityMedical School, which is situated next to the Museum. Ishi wasemployed here in a small way as a janitor to teach him modernindustry and the value of money. He was perfectly happy and a greatfavorite with everybody.From his earliest experience with our community life he manifestedlittle immunity to disease. He contracted all the epidemic infectionswith which he was brought in contact. He lived a very hygienicexistence, having excellent food and sleeping outdoors, but still hewas often sick. Because of this I came in touch with him as hisphysician in the hospital, and soon learned to admire him for the finequalities of his nature.Though very reserved, he was kindly, honest, cleanly, andtrustworthy. More than this, he had a superior philosophy of life, and ahigh moral standard.By degrees I learned to speak his dialect, and spent many hours inhis company. He told us the folk lore of his tribe. More than fortymyths or animal stories of his have been recorded and preserved.They are as interesting as the stories of Uncle Remus. Theescapades of wildcat, the lion, the grizzly bear, the bluejay, the lizard,and the coyote are as full of excitement and comedy as any fairystory.He knew the history and use of everything in the outdoor world. Hespoke the language of the animals. He taught me to make bows andarrows, how to shoot them, and how to hunt, Indian fashion. He was awonderful companion in the woods, and many days and nights wejourneyed together.After he had been with us three years we took him back to his owncountry. But he did not want to stay. He liked the ways of the whiteman, and his own land was full of the spirits of the departed.He showed us old forgotten camp sites where past chieftains madetheir villages. He took us to deer licks and ambushes used by hispeople long ago. One day in passing the base of a great rock hescratched with his toe and dug up the bones of a bear's paw. Here, inyears past, they had killed and roasted a bear. This was the camp ofYa mo lo ku. His own camp was called Wowomopono Tetna or bearwallow.We swam the streams together, hunted deer and small game, and atnight sat under the stars by the camp fire, where in a simple way wetalked of old heroes, the worlds above us, and his theories of the lifeto come in the land of plenty, where the bounding deer and themighty bear met the hunter with his strong bow and swift arrows.I learned to love Ishi as a brother, and he looked upon me as one ofhis people. He called me Ku wi, or Medicine Man; more, perhaps,because I could perform little sleight of hand tricks, than because ofmy profession.But, in spite of the fact that he was happy and surrounded by the mostadvanced material culture, he sickened and died. Unprotected byhereditary or acquired immunity, he contracted tuberculosis andfaded away before our eyes. Because he had no natural resistance,he received no benefit from such hygienic measures as serve toarrest the disease in the Caucasian. We did everything possible forhim, and nursed him to the painful bitter end.When his malady was discovered, plans were made to take him backto the mountains whence he came and there have him cared forproperly. We hoped that by this return to his natural elements hewould recover. But from the inception of his disease he failed sorapidly that he was not strong enough to travel.Consumed with fever and unable to eat nourishing food, he seemeddoomed from the first. After months of misery he suddenly developeda tremendous pulmonary hemorrhage. I was with him at the time,directed his medication, and gently stroked his hand as a small signof fellowship and sympathy. He did not care for markeddemonstrations of any sort.He was a stoic, unafraid, and died in the faith of his people.As an Indian should go, so we sent him on his long journey to theland of shadows. By his side we placed his fire sticks, ten pieces ofdentalia or Indian money, a small bag of acorn meal, a bit of driedvenison, some tobacco, and his bow and arrows.These were cremated with him and the ashes placed in an earthenjar. On it is inscribed "Ishi, the last Yana Indian, 1916."And so departed the last wild Indian of America. With him theneolithic epoch terminates. He closes a chapter in history. He lookedupon us as sophisticated children--smart, but not wise. We knewmany things and much that is false. He knew nature, which is alwaystrue. His were the qualities of character that last forever. He wasessentially kind; he had courage and self-restraint, and though allhad been taken from him, there was no bitterness in his heart. Hissoul was that of a child, his mind that of a philosopher.With him there was no word for good-by. He said: "You stay, I go."He has gone and he hunts with his people. We stay, and he has leftus the heritage of the bow.IIHOW ISHI MADE HIS BOW AND ARROW AND HISMETHODS OF SHOOTINGAlthough much has been written in history and fiction concerning thearchery of the North American Indian, strange to say, very little hasbeen recorded of the methods of manufacture of their weapons, andless in accurate records of their shooting.It is a great privilege to have lived with an unspoiled aborigine andseen him step by step construct the most perfect type of bow and
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text: Following on from last quarter's Release Watch, we're happy to reveal our latest update. We're sticking with the blog format for a while yet but if you want to make sure you don't miss any further reviews or industry insights from the Player XP team, sign up to the newsletter now. Keep reading to find out how the market has reacted to the top releases over the last three months.


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by W.E. Johns
Illustrated by Howard Leigh; Alfred Sindall
Published by Oxford University Press; Humphrey Milford. 1st. 1936
Good condition. Stone cloth with black titles and vignette to spine and front cover. Colour frontis + b/w illustrations. 256 pages.
Spine is browned. Front cover is bowed. Damp staining to covers (white marks). Foxing to outer page edges. Contents are still very good.
Stock no. 2131857
Price £100.00
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- "I want you to start an airline"
- is the request from Raymond (now Assistant Commissioner of Police at Scotland Yard). So Biggles starts an airline to transfer gold shipments, to stop a series of thefts. Using his natural cunning, Biggles manages to thwart the bad guys a few times, before the ringleader (the old friend Von Stalhein) ups the ante by kidnapping Algy and locking him in a castle in Germany. Biggles and Ginger come to the rescue, eventually, returning the team and its goods to London.
- On their return the final piece of the puzzle falls into place, when one of Biggles employers is exposed as a double-agent, giving Von Stalhein's men the tip-offs needed to capture the gold and precious stones... but there is yet another twist...


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AbstractThe Christian cultural heritage of north Africa is ancient and rich, but at risk after recent political events. Many Christian minority communities living in Islamic environments feel at risk of persecution. This is a topical and timely PhD. The Christian, Coptic heritage of Egypt remains poorly studied from the perspective of heritage management and is also at risk from a number of factors. Using first-hand study and analysis based upon original fieldwork, the thesis offers a state of the art assessment to risks facing Coptic monuments in Egypt today. It does this by situating Egyptian heritage policy within the English framework, and it establishes theoretical approaches to value, significance, meaning, and interpretation in Egyptian heritage within a wider global framework. It is based on the analysis of three markedly different Egyptian Christian Coptic sites, each with their own unique management issues and it offers a series of solutions and ideas to preserve, manage and interpret this unique material culture and to emphasise community solutions as being the most viable and sustainable approaches, whilst taking into account the varied levels of significance of these monuments.
|Date of Award
|19 Apr 2017
|Original language
|Awarding Institution
|Niall Finneran (Supervisor), Tony King (Supervisor) & Simon Roffey (Supervisor)
- heritage
- Coptic
- Copts
- archaeology
- Abu Mina
- St. Paul
- Haret Zuwaila
Cite this
Egypt's Hidden Heritage: Cultural Heritage Management and the Archaeology of the Coptic Church
Heale, D. (Author). 19 Apr 2017
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis