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Resolve To Evolve Before You Dissolve.
The time and effort which we take to invest in ourselves never, ever goes to waste. In fact, it's the most valuable thing a person can do for their well-being and betterment. The process of personal evolution begins with a conscious awakening and when this … Resolve To Evolve Before You Dissolve.

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San Jose Muni has been around for over 50 years. A straight forward par 72 layout with open fairways on flat terrain offers a pleasant experience for golfers of all abilities. Come on out and enjoy a sunny spring day on the golf course. We'll also be playing an optional skins game so work on your iron game.
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Lauren Akins (born November 08, 1989) is an American Former Nurse, Philanthropist, Instagram Star, Social Media Personality, and Celebrity Spouse. She is best-known as Thomas Rhett's Spouse who is an American country music singer and songwriter.
He made debut in the music industry after releasing his debut studio album called "It Goes Like This" in 2013. In his career, Rhett also released three more albums such as Tangled Up (2015), Life Changes (2017), and Center Point Road (2019). Moreover, her real full birth name is Lauren Gregory.
In fact, his various projects include seventeen singles on the Hot Country and Country Airplay charts. Some of Thomas popular tracks are "T-Shirt", "It Goes Like This", "Sixteen", "Get Me Some of That", "Make Me Wanna", "Crash and Burn", etc.
Moreover, these songs also reached an at no.1 position at various country chart list. As of wealth, the calculated Net worth of Thomas Rhett is $5 million US Dollars, as of 2019.
Wedding, Spouse & Children
According to a source, Lauren and Thomas first met each other when they were studying together in sixth grade. However, Thomas Rhett's girlfriend was in a relationship with some other guy at that time. Later, the nurse broke up with her then-boyfriend (name not available) during high school.
During an interview, Rhett told he and Lauren started dating after he proposed her and kissed her. In December 2011, the country singer proposed her on a romantic date at Lauren's favorite restaurant in Nashville.
Akins tied the knot with her husband "Thomas Rhett Akins Jr." on October 12, 2012. Their wedding ceremony was a lavish affair and many people came to them blessings.
Furthermore, Lauren and the singer share three children together. On May 12, 2017, they adopted their first daughter from Uganda named Willa Gray Akins (born November 1, 2015). The celebrity spouse also announced their adoption idea on her social media accounts in February 2017.
Later, the lovely pair blessed with one more child "Ada James Akins" on August 12, 2017. Recently, the nurse announced that she is pregnant with the couple's third kid i.e. a girl on July 23, 2019.
Trivia & Quick Info
|Real Full Birth Name
|Lauren Gregory.
|Nick name
|Former Nurse, Philanthropist, and Instagram Personality.
|Famous for
|Being the Wife of Thomas Rhett (American country music singer and songwriter).
|Age (As of 2018)
|29 years old.
|Date of Birth (DOB), Birthday
|November 08, 1989.
|Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
|Sexuality (Gay or Lesbian)
|White Caucasian Descent.
|Sun Sign (Zodiac Sign)
|House In
|Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
|Social Media Account Stats
|Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laur_akins/?
Twitter: https://twitter.com/laur_akins?
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AkinsLaur/
|Physical Statistics
|Height (Tall)
|Feet & Inches: 5' 9".
Centimeters: 175 cm.
Meters: 1.75 m.
|Kilograms: 64 Kg.
Pounds: 141 lbs.
|Bra Size
|Body Measurements (Breast-waist-hips)
|Shoe Size (UK)
|Tattoo details?
|Eye Color
|Hair Color
|Father: Name not Known.
Mother: Lisa Gregory.
|Brother: Grayson Gregory.
Sister: Macy Gregory.
|Famous Relatives
|Personal Life Relationship
|Marital Status
|Married since October 2012.
|Dating History?
|Love Affair with her boyfriend.
|Husband/Spouse Name
|Thomas Rhett Akins Jr.
|1. Willa Gray Akins.
2. Ada James Akins.
|Highest Qualification
|Graduate with a Bachelors degree.
|High School.
|Alma Mater.
|The University of Tennessee.
|Hobbies & Favorite Things
|Favorite Celebrities
|Actor: Eddie Redmayne.
Actress: Emma Watson.
|Dream Holiday Destination
|Favorite Color
|Love to do
|Reading, Traveling & Spending time with family.
|Favorite Food
|Burger, Donut, Pizza, Fries & Ice Cream.
|Net worth (approx.)
|Under Revision (As of 2019).
|Salary, Income & Earnings
|Contact Details
|Mobile or Phone Number
|Office Address
|Official Website
|Home Details
|Will Update.
|Email Address
|Not found.
Some Lesser Known Facts about Lauren Akins
- Wikipedia: Thomas Rhett's wife, Lauren Akins was born on the 8th of November 1989 in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Therefore, her age is 29 years old, as of 2018.
- The internet has no information about her father but mother name is Lisa Gregory.
- Furthermore, the nurse has two siblings i.e. a brother named Grayson Gregory and a sister named Macy Gregory.
- She graduated from the University of Tennessee and received her degree in Bachelor of Science.
- During an interview, Thomas told that Lauren keeps him grounded when they are together. He also told that she is a very positive person and celebrates every little joy.
- In fact, Lauren got inspired by her maternal grandmother to adopt a child as she also adopted her mom, Lisa.
- On Instagram, Lauren Gregory has an amazing fan-following on the picture-sharing platform with 2.2+ million followers.
- She keeps her followers updated with her daily lifestyle pictures, family photographs, some glimpses of vacations trips, event appearances, and much more.
- The 29-years-old Instagram star is a passionate traveler and an animal lover.
- Lauren's social media accounts are filled with her adventurous trips to various parts of Africa.
Have a look: Who is Celeb Michael Darby? Biography, Story, Affairs & Facts
- She took a recent vacation to Rattlesnake Ledge (Mountain in Washington) with her spouse, Akins and other friends in May 2019.
- Earlier, she also went to Lake Louise (Hamlet in Canada) with her girls and Thomas.
- Figure Stats: The beautiful Instagram star Lauren Akins' height is 5 Feet 9 Inches (175 cm tall) and she is few inches shorter than her spouse who is 1.78 meters tall.
- The former nurse maintains an athletic and fit figure by exercising on a daily basis. Her estimated body weight is 64 kilograms (141 pounds).


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Retroist Rewind: Coleco Adam
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By The Professor on September 21, 2014
Welcome to another installment of a recurring feature we're calling "Retroist Rewind". We'll be looking back at classic episodes from our favorite retro-themed podcast, The Retroist, talk about our favorite episodes, and discuss the show in the Forums.
If you haven't listened to The Retroist Podcast before, you're in for a treat. It's a celebration of nostalgia and pop culture, discussing retro games, movies, tv, and more! Each episode opens with a great personal story from The Retroist himself, then delves into the backstory of the subject matter, how the subject came to be, it's debut, popularity, and lasting importance and affect on pop culture. The Retroist Podcast is an absolute joy, and we think it deserves your attention.
This time, we revisit an episode about one of the more notable casualties of the video game crash of 1983, the Coleco Adam Family Computer. The Adam was a home computer and ColecoVision Expansion Module released in October, 1983. The Adam (named as to "take a bite out of Apple") was designed to build on the success of the ColecoVision game console, but suffered from early production problems and hemorrhaged cash for its parent company Coleco. In late 1983 Coleco revealed that it lost $35 million (the time of the Adam's launch), along with a loss of $13.4 million in the first 9 months of 1984. Despite strong sales from the Cabbage Patch Doll phenomenon and the earlier ColecoVision line, Adam contributed to Coleco's financial woes and the company filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1988.
The Adam is also famous for the incident connected with its showing at the June, 1983 CES, in which Coleco demonstrated a port of Donkey Kong on the Adam computer system. This infuriated Atari who had paid for exclusive licensing rights to Donkey Kong for all home computers. The kerfuffle derailed Atari's finalizing a deal that night with Nintendo, which would have granted Atari an exclusive license to market the Famicom (Nintendo Entertainment System) for distribution outside of Japan.
The Retroist has published the episode on YouTube, you can enjoy it below.
From The Retroist:
"On today's show I talk all about the much maligned computer system, The Coleco Adam. I talk about the company who made the system, the merits of the computer, some of the problems it had, its receptions and more."
– The Retroist
If you'd like to discuss this month's Retroist Rewind episode #088, Coleco Adam, we invite you to Join us in the Forums.
Retroist Podcast, Episode 088: Coleco Adam
For more retro fun, you can Subscribe to the Podcast directly in iTunes (MP3), or follow the Retroist on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/retroist.com.
Retroist audiovisuals and podcast content are copyright Retroist Podcast and their original creators. No infringement is intended.


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Week of November 24, 2019
Hey listeners!
This is your GM_Colin here letting you guys know that the podcast is taking a break this week while the Wednesday Night Crew spends some quality time with family during the holiday here in the U.S.
We'll be back next Wednesday night with the continuation of Session 01 of The Lost Mines of Phandelver!
Until then, have fun!


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Rocky Mountain National Park rangers rescued a missing 51-year-old man from Baton Rouge, La., on Wednesday afternoon.
Rangers began to search for the man Wednesday morning after being notified by a family member Tuesday night that the man had not been heard from since Monday morning, park spokeswoman Kyle Patterson said in a press release.
She said rangers found the man's rental car at 9:30 p.m. at the Alpine Visitor Center parking lot, and learned he had been planning to hike in the Mount Chapin, Mount Chiquita, Ypsilon Mountain area.
Members of Rocky Mountain National Park's Search and Rescue team searched the Mount Chapin, Mount Chiquita, Ypsilon Mountain areas, the Chapin Creek drainage and the Poudre River Trail both from Milner Pass and from the Corral Creek Trailhead, Patterson said.
Northern Colorado Interagency Helitack conducted aerial reconnaissance.
Patterson said a Rocky Mountain National Park Search and Rescue ground team found the man at 11,400 feet in elevation on the northwest side of Mount Chapin at approximately 1:30 p.m. Wednesday.
"He appeared to be uninjured but exhausted from two unplanned nights in the backcountry," she said.
The man was flown from the area by Northern Colorado Interagency Helitack and taken by ambulance to Estes Park Health, Patterson said.


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Madder Rose featured guitarist Billy Coté, drummer Johnny Kick, bassist Matt Verta-Ray, and guitarist/vocalist Mary Lorson. Their lovely 1993 debut album, Bring It Down, introduced the band's winning combination of Lorson's dulcet voice and Coté and Lorson's eloquent songs; while it was a critical success, that album and its equally graceful 1994 follow-up, Panic On, both eluded commercial success. The group returned in 1997 with the trip-hop-inspired Tragic Magic and issued the like-minded Hello June Fool two years later. It was the swan song for the group, but not for Coté and Lorson's collaboration, as each contributed to the other's subsequent projects: Lorson developed Saint Low and Coté formed the Jazz Cannon. In 2003 Coté and Lorson also released an album of their other work together, Piano Creeps.
Responsible for some of the sweetest and, unfortunately, most overlooked indie rock of the '90s, New York City's Madder Rose featured guitarist Billy Coté, drummer Johnny Kick, bassist Matt Verta-Ray,…
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FSElite will be doing as much as possible to cover FlightSimCon 2017, but if you want to feel like you're there, you can watch the official FlightSimCon 2017 live feed right here. Thanks to AirDailyX, people will be able to have a glimpse what it'll be like to be there.
The video has been muted to keep the privacy of event goers, but you can feel like you're there at all times.
If you're at the event, come and find us – we'll give you some coupons for Real Flight Shop.


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The pros: Trader Joe's Fettucine Alfredo is ready in about 4 minutes. Quickest pasta alfredo you can make is the one out of the freezer.
The cons: Some of the most limp pasta I've had. They can do al dente. Just not in this dish. This was on the same flavor level as any other brand of freezer food. I expect more from Trader Joe's.
The verdict: For $3.99 this is just ok and I probably wouldn't run out and buy this again. Making a box of pasta and purchasing Trader Joe's Alfredo Sauce is tastier and more economical than this. I was hoping that there would be an al dente element to this as they were able to capture that in Trader Joe's Asparagus Risotto. Unfortunately this was pasta that wasn't as good as it could have been.
The bag of Trader Joe's Fettucine Alfredo:
The nutritional information and ingredients:
What you get in the bag which is similar to Trader Joe's Linguine with Pesto and Tomatoes:
What comes out of the microwave:
Unfortunately, Trader Joe's Fettucine Alfredo was edible, but didn't make me want to run out and buy this again. It reminded me that boiling water and pour a jar of sauce on a pound of pasta isn't difficult and will result in a far tastier meal. Trader Joe's freezer section is outstanding, but this is not one of the standouts in the section. I would recommend passing on this dish.
Want to see more items I've tried from Trader Joe's? Click on Thoughts & Reviews of Trader Joe's for a searchable list.


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British jewellery retailer H.Samuel has announced the launch of its online shop. Thereby it has created the leading integrated, multi-channel shopping capability within the British jewellery sector. With a next-day delivery service within the UK and approximately 2,200 product lines – ranging from diamond and gem-set jewellery, gold and silver jewellery, watches and gifts – customers have no reason not to use the service, which also includes postal returns and immediate refunds.
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"We are delighted to offer H.Samuel's customers an additional way to purchase jewellery and gifts that is both convenient and secure, through the launch of an online shopping capability," said Rob Anderson, chief executive of UK Jewellery, Signet Group plc, H.Samuel's parent company. "This method of shopping has become a way of life for many British consumers, and now they have access to a large range of jewellery, watches and gifts via the H.Samuel website."


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Director Danny Boyle and writer Richard Curtis have a fascinating premise for "Yesterday," and when all is said and done, after two hours, they—have a fascinating premise. They don't actually do much with it, in all honesty. They take what could have been a unique and bizarre tale about an iconic band completely inexplicably being erased from all of culture around the world and turn it in to a conventional tale of rags to riches. I mean the script does nothing with the idea of the Beatles not existing. What would happen to all the singers, performers, bands, and artists they inspired? Would they cease to exist as a whole? "Yesterday" barely scratches the surface at two hours.
Tag Archives: The Beatles
I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978): Criterion Collection [Blu-Ray]
Robert Zemeckis' "I Wanna Hold Your Hand" is a charming, if flawed tribute to the Beatles and the rampant Beatles Mania that ran throughout much of the late sixties. I'm sure Zemeckis bear witness to a lot of the "Beatlemania," and his film seems to come from a place of experience. For folks that loved movies like "American Graffiti" or "Dazed and Confused," Zemeckis' 1978 comedy is one of those movie set over the course of a night that centers on a group of teenagers that are so devoted to the Beatles, they risk just about everything to see them on the Ed Sullivan Show.
I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978)
I was never really sure what Robert Zemeckis intended with "I Wanna Hold Your Hand." Was he showing us the sheer mania that erupted with the arrival of the Beatles, or is he purposely exaggerating the mania of the arrival of the Beatles? That sense of confused tone tends to keep "I Wanna Hold Your Hand" from turning in to a great nostalgia time capsule comedy (Ironically the great nostalgia time capsule comedy would eventually become Zemeckis' film "Back to the Future"). Instead it's merely an okay nostalgia time capsule comedy that reaches for the heights of "American Graffiti," but never quite touches that high bar.
"Across the Universe": An Underrated Tribute to the Beatles
Coming Back to theaters July 29, July 31 and Aug. 1. For Showtimes and Tickets check Fathom Events.
I still remember going online back in 2006 and watching the trailer for "Across the Universe." As a budding Beatles fan making himself familiar with their catalogue at the time, the prospect of a movie built around their music made me excited and over joyous. I mean if they can build a whole storyline around ABBA, they can surely do the same with the Beatles, whose music tell stories of their very own and even had interesting commentaries on where the group were at the time. I was quite crestfallen when the movie landed with a thud and was generally dismissed by audiences.
The Bootleg Files: Braverman's Condensed Cream of Beatles
BOOTLEG FILES 612: "Braverman's Condensed Cream of Beatles" (1974 film essay).
LAST SEEN: A copy can be found on Veoh.
AMERICAN HOME VIDEO: None.
REASON FOR BOOTLEG STATUS: The Liverpool lads had it pulled.
CHANCES OF SEEING A COMMERCIAL DVD RELEASE: Unlikely.
A few weeks back, this column dug up "The Compleat Beatles," a popular documentary on the Fab Four that can only be seen today via unauthorized online postings or out-of-print VHS videos and laserdiscs. Today, the Beatles are back with another once-ubiquitous film that has also been removed from commercial release. But whereas "The Compleat Beatles" offered a traditional straightforward nonfiction film approach, today's offering is something much more fanciful.
The Bootleg Files: The Compleat Beatles
BOOTLEG FILES 606: "The Complete Beatles" (1982 documentary).
LAST SEEN: It can be found via online video sites.
AMERICAN HOME VIDEO: On VHS and LaserDisc.
REASON FOR BOOTLEG STATUS: The cute Beatle kiboshed it.
CHANCES OF SEEING A COMMERCIAL DVD RELEASE: Yeah, yeah, yeah…not!
In the aftermath of the December 1980 murder of John Lennon, there was a huge outpouring of nostalgia for all things Beatles. Record sales of the classic albums spiked, and a wave of news coverage recalled the legendary band's impact on music and popular culture.
The Beatles: Eight Days A Week – The Touring Years (2016)
Not many directors are able to capture the "mania" in Beatles Mania, but director Ron Howard is not only able to capture how much the Beatles ruled the world, but how their influence continues to echo in new generations. "Eight Days A Week" isn't so much about the entire story of The Beatles, but more about their tumultuous days following their debut in America and how hellish it was to perform live. The Beatles were so popular that performing live became too much of a burden for the "fab four." The audience was so rabid, in fact, that they just stopped performing live altogether since the people in the crowd spent more time screaming and charging the stage than actually listening to the music they were performing.
"Spice World" and My Spice Girls Experience
Has it been twenty years already? Time just flies. I am not afraid to admit to you that once upon a time I was a big Spice Girls fan. What do you expect? I was just going in to my teens, my hormones were firing off at all pistols, and here were five incredibly beautiful and sexy British women singing entertaining and fun pop songs. I was the victim being led by sirens for a few years there.


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Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language.
SB Bill 2075: Relating to public school compliance with dyslexia screening, reading instrument requirements, and a requirement that a school district notify certain parents or guardians of a program providing students with reading disabilities the ability to borrow audiobooks free of charge.
To access audiobook resources for parents/guardians click on the following links:
Texas State Library and Archives Commission's Audiobooks Program for Students with Reading Disabilities
The purpose of The Dyslexia Handbook is to provide procedures for school districts, charter schools, campuses, teachers, students, and parents/guardians in early identification of, instruction for, and accommodations for students with dyslexia. This handbook reflects current law as well as legislative action from the 84th and 85th sessions of the Texas Legislature and replaces all previous handbook editions.
The 2018 Dyslexia Handbook is attached below.


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The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Florida announced the unsealing of an indictment charging former attorney James Lee Clark of Wilton Manors with conspiracy and fraud charges.
Clark, 59, is accused of conspiracy, bankruptcy fraud, and defrauding his clients of over $1 million. He was charged with conspiracy to commit bankruptcy fraud, bankruptcy fraud, falsification of records in a bankruptcy proceeding, and wire fraud. It is unclear if he has acquired the services of an attorney.


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Lars Ulrich has revealed that the long-awaited follow-up to Metallica's 2008 album 'Death Magnetic' is "almost ready."
Metallica will re-release their first two albums, 'Kill Em All' and 'Ride The Lightning', as deluxe box sets as part of Record Store Day 2016, but Ulrich's new comments, made in an interview with Rolling Stone, suggest their 10th studio album might not be far behind.
"I'd say it's mostly done," Ulrich said. "There are all these other responsibilities that have to be taken care of. Life in Metallica these days is not only about making a record; it's about these things and we played a show at AT&T Park and he does this, I do this. We have all these sort of different things that we turn to. But the record gets worked on where there's absolutely nothing else going on."
He added "the record is well on its way. It may come out any century now, actually. There's a saying: where there's life, there's hope."
Meanwhile, the band's 'Master Of Puppets' album has been preserved in the US Library of Congress.
Each year, the government-run library preserves 25 recordings that are deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" and are at least a decade old.
'Master of Puppets', considered by many to be the band's masterpiece, was released in 1986.
"It shows the group moving away from its thrash metal history and reputation and exploring new ideas," the Library of Congress said in a statement.
Drummer Lars Ulrich said the band were "humbled" by the honour. "Who would've ever thought that 'Master of Puppets', a record made by a band hovering way left of the mainstream in 1986, would be granted the honor of being added to the Registry of the Library of Congress?" he said.


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Tag Archives: career change
The Truth About Changing Careers in 3 Steps
I'm going to say something that will make me very unpopular with resume writers: If you're changing careers, forget about putting job titles on your resume!
I know what you're thinking: "But shouldn't my resume be targeted towards a specific job in order to be effective?" Yes, if you have experience that directly relates to that job…
Changing Careers: How to Successfully Navigate a Career Pivot at Any Age
In part because employers and human resources professionals tend to box you into the last position you held – and question why you want to make such a large leap in job titles – making a big career change is rarely easy.
As a former teacher, I want to shake these HR professionals up a bit…
24 Jobs That Are Better Than Yours [Infographic]
Every Monday morning, many of us head off to work wondering if we're doing the right thing. Is this the right job for me? The right industry? The best use of my major? The right fit for my personality type and strengths?
Do I need to make a change?
And on this Monday morning, we at YouTern may be enabling that train of thought…
How to Successfully Manage a Major Career Change [Infographic]
You dedicated your college life to obtaining a degree that you hoped would pave the way to a fulfilling professional life. And now you feel anything but fulfilled.
You don't want to get out of bed in the morning. You dread walking in the front door. The sound of your bosses voice brings out visions of Jack Nicholson's maniacal face in 'The Shining'…
12 Famous People Who Found Career Success Later in Life
Once we commit to a certain path, many of us consider it nearly impossible to make a career change. We think about all that money spent on education. We dread telling our parents, significant other and our colleagues. And we worry, a lot, about moving into a career where we have little experience… and maybe even less confidence.
But what if you're unhappy? What if your passions change? What if you know a change must come? Are you (as our dear friend Jennie Mustafa-Julock – aka "Coach Jennie" – puts it so well) the first person to ever say, "I don't know what I want out of life… but it ain't this!"
7 Questions to Ask When Facing Tough Career Choices
We're told the professional decisions we make during our 20-something years set the foundation of our entire adult life.
No pressure, right?
One of those "no pressure" decisions will likely be: which type of job to pursue: the one that promises security or the one that promises experience? The higher-paid jpb… or the one with fast growth opportunity?


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Our prediction for this Europa League match:
Stade Maurice Dufrasne will host Thursday's football game between Standard Liege and Arsenal. Standard face a must-win situation in their last group game, and we are positive that they will go all guns blazing at Arsenal. The Red Devils are a real force to be reckoned with at home, and we predict that they are going to pick up all three points from the clash against the Gunners, who have already secured a top-two finish.
The Premier League side have been struggling under interim manager Freddy Ljungberg of late, which is yet another reason why we are tempted to put our money on the hosts. When the two teams at Emirates Stadium earlier in the process Arsenal crushed Standard Liege 4-0, meaning that the Belgians are hungry for revenge. Anyhow, the hosts want this win more than the visitors, who will be without several first-team regulars in Thursday's match.
Highlighted Player (Anthony Limbombe):
A Belgian player of Congolese descent, Anthony Libombe is a versatile forward who is equally able to play as a winger. The talented 22-year-old began his career at Racing Genk in 2010, while he spent the last two years as a member of Dutch side NEC Nijmegen.
During a two-year spell in the Eredivisie, Anthony Limbombe made 65 league appearances for NEC scoring 21 goals during that time. Limbombe has been outstandingly impressive during the 2015-16 season when he scored 7 goals and notched 7 assists in the Eredivisie. Belgium international has long been linked with a move to English side Leeds, who followed him closely in Eredivisie, but Limbombe chose to return to Belgium in the summer of 2016 when he signed a deal with Club Brugge reportedly worth £2 million.
Anthony Limbombe is yet to make his competitive debut for his new side, but the club management has huge expectations from a young forward who could go on to be a huge revelation in the Champions League.
Highlighted Team (Arsenal):
Arsenal are regarded as one of the best English teams. The Gunners have won 12 FA Cup trophies, 13 league titles and two League Cups, but they have yet to lift the Champions League trophy. Arsene Wenger's team were on the verge of beating Barcelona in the Champions League final back in 2006, but they eventually failed to win the prestigious title.
Arsenal used to play their homes at Highbury, but in 2006 they moved to the Emirates Stadium. The capacity of the stadium is 60,260. The Gunners won their last Premier League trophy back in 2004, with the capital club going through the season without a single loss. The likes of Thierry Henry, Denis Bergkamp and Robert Pires were part of the team back then, but Arsenal have not won the league trophy ever since.
Arsenal was founded by Woolwich munitions workers as Dial Square back in 1886. It is well known that Tottenham Hotspur are Arsenal's fiercest rivals and there have always been fireworks when the two local rivals meet in the North London derby.


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i'm thinking about taking a design or programming class. i'm starting to learn html and dreamweaver now and i think the geek in me actually enjoys it. so, i'm wondering, besides cse 142, what other classes are offered by the uw in that area?
...and for those of you who've taken it, good things, bad things about the class and especially good/bad teachers. there are a ton of sections with quite a few teachers so i dont want to get stuck with the bad egg. anyway, any feedback you guys have would be fantastic! thank you! :)


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Parks Canada Ice Rescue Practice, Nov 25 & 26, 2019
Guinness Gully, Mt Dennis
Heads up for ice climbers in the Field area...
Parks Canada Visitor Safety and Kananaskis Public Safety will be holding their annual technical ice rescue practice on Guinness Gully, Monday, November 25th and Tuesday, November 26th.
Consider choosing alternate ice climbs for those two days. We will certainly work with other parties on the route as needed, but please be mindful of ice fall and expect delays if you decide to climb Guinness Gully on Monday or Tuesday.
Conrad Janzen
Visitor Safety Specialist
Banff, Yoho & Kootenay National Parks


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Dictionary of most important terms used in Glass Industry
Acid-etched glass
Satin-like, translucent glass manufactured by acid-etching one surface of the glass (see SGG SATINOVO)
Adhesive Glazing / Adhesively Glazed
See "Structural sealant glazing"
Air Filled Cavity
See "Cavity".
See "Cavity".
Annealed Glass
Glass that does not undergo the process of toughening, lamination or heat strengthening. Also known as 'normal' glass and most commonly used for flat glass.
Anti-Reflective Glass
Surface-coated glass which minimises light reflectance and appears therefore to show virtually no visual reflection (see SGG VISION-LITE).
A basic form of edgeworking, by removing the sharp edges of cut panes of glass.
Aspect Ratio
The ratio of the longer side of a pane to its shorter side.
All-Glass Systems (GGA)
An all-glass system is a construction of several panes of glass (including doors) that are connected without a metal frame. The discs are connected with point holders and thus take on a constructive, supporting function. An example of an all-glass system is constructions made of several fixed glass panes and glass doors, as they are often found in shopping malls.
A barrier or form of guarding, generally waist-height, which protects people from falling where there is a change in floor level, for example stairs and balconies.
A strip of wood, metal or other suitable material attached to the glazing surround to retain the glass.
The glazing material which seals the glass and beads in the rebate. Back bedding is the glazing material between the face of the glass and the rebate upstand after the glass has been pushed into position. Front bedding is the glazing material between the face of the glass and the bead.
A decorative form of edgeworking, where the edges of a glass pane are ground and polished smoothly at an angle.
The ability of a material to withstand blast pressure from an explosion; whether intentional or accidental (see SGG STADIP PROTECT).
Body-Tinted Glass
Transparent float glass with a consistent colour throughout its depth (see SGG PARSOL).
Bolted Glass Assemblies / Assembly Systems
Structural bolted glazing systems incorporating fixed or articulated bolts.
A form of distortion in toughened and heat strengthened glass, inherent to the manufacturing process.
British Standards
Codes of Practice offering guidance and recommendations on what is considered current best practice. Applicable to the whole of the UK and in most cases adopted by the Republic of Ireland.
The British Standards Institution.
Building Regulations
Building Control legislation laid down by Acts of Parliament.
Bullet-Resistant Glazing
Security glazing affording a defined resistance against the firing of specified weapons and ammunition (see SGG STADIP PROTECT).
Butt Joint
Joint between edges of adjacent panes, vertical or inclined, and usually weathered with a suitable sealant.
Blown Glass
The shaping of glass by blowing air through a hollow rod into the center of a molten glass gather.
Strip of material which may retain infilling, fitted over a glazing bar to impede direct water penetration.
A sealant applied to fill the gap above a strip glazing material, positioned between the glass and the rebate upstand and/or bead.
The void/space formed by the spacer bar between the two panes of glass in double-glazed units, and nowadays is generally filled with argon for enhanced thermal insulation.
CE Marking
When the European marking is officially in force, any glass product that is used in construction and buildings, which is sold within the European Union, must bear the label. This label can be stamped onto the product, the packaging or the accompanying commercial documents.
Ceramic Frit
See "Enamelled glass".
A small bevelled edge connecting two surfaces. If the surfaces are at right angles the chamfer will typically be symmetrical at 450, similar in appearance to arrissing.
Computer controlled cutting. Sizes are inputted into a computer and then the glass is cut automatically.
Cold Zones
Areas in close proximity to glazing, especially single-glazing, where exchange of heat by radiation can lead to the sensation of feeling cold or draughts.
Colour Rendering
Term given to the change in appearance of the natural colour of a material/object due to the colouration effect of light being transmitted through or reflected by the glass onto any given surface.
Process whereby gas or vapour turns into liquid by cooling.
Cut Glass
Glass that is decorated by using grinding stones that are worked wet to cut designs onto the glass.
Glass used in guarding situations designed to withstand specified loads and prevent people from falling.
Counter Sunk
A hole drilled through the glass so that when a screw or bolt is inserted the head of the fixing is flush/level with the surface of the pane. The fixing must be isolated from the glass by nylon or soft lining material; there must be no glass-to-metal contact.
Critical Locations
See "Safety critical locations".
Clear Glass
Transparent glass with an almost colourless and neutral appearance.
Recycled glass used in the manufacture of clear float glass.
Curtain Walling
Non-load bearing, typically aluminium, facade cladding system, forming an integral part of a building's envelope.
Counting in Decibels
Two acoustic sources of 50 dB each generate a total noise of 53 dB. Doubling the noise source causes its increase by 3 dB. To increase the noise level by 10 dB, the number of noise sources should be increased tenfold. The human ear does not respond to the noise level in a linear manner. Increasing the noise level by 10 dB (ie a tenfold increase in the number of noise sources) is perceived by our ear as its doubling. The consequences of this phenomenon are as follows:
- the noise reduction by 1 dB is barely audible;
- reducing the noise level by 3 dB is audible;
- reducing the noise level by 10 dB by half reduces the feeling of noise
Curved glass
Glass, which is curved in form, produced by heating it to its softening point, so that it takes the shape of the mould. Curved glass was invented as early as the 17th century during the construction of the Versailles Palace. The glass gets its special shape by first heating a glass sheet in an oven to its softening point of 500 ° C to 600 ° C. It lies horizontally on a concave or convex shape and is thus bent into its final shape. After a gradual controlled cooling to avoid stresses in the structure, the glass is polished and stored in a form corresponding to the curvature. Annealed, toughened and laminated glass is available in curved form (see SGG CONTOUR).
Cut-out (Internal and External)
See "Notch".
Cast Glass
Glass produced by 'casting', by pouring molten glass into a mould or by heating glass already contained in the mould until the glass melts and assumes the shape of the mould.
Calumen is a calculation program for the determination of photometric and radiation-physical values of mono- and insulating glass panes.
Daylight Coefficient
Knowledge of the light transmittance coefficient, which characterizes the glass, allows to determine the approximate level of lighting that we get inside the room, assuming a certain level of lighting outside. The ratio between lighting at a given point in the room and external lighting, measured in the horizontal plane, is unchanged regardless of the time of day. This ratio is called the "daylight coefficient".
The reorientation of daylight by means of systems incorporating reflective and adjustable surfaces or grilles. Daylighting systems re-direct natural light, distributing diffused light in a room space and prevent strong areas of glare (see SGG LUMITOP).
Abbreviation of decibel, the unit of measurement of sound, measured against a logarithmic scale. A-weighted decibels [dB(A)] are "weighted" for the response of the human ear.
The term applied to the physical displacement of glass from its original position under load.
Generally a pure molecular sieve- or silica gel-based product, the desiccant is placed within the cavity spacer bar of double-glazed units in order to dehydrate or to remove any residual moisture in the unit.
Distance Pieces
Glazing blocks located between glass, rebate upstand and bead to maintain distance, ensure adequate depth of glazing materials and constrain movement of the glass under wind load.
Double Glazing/Double Glazed Unit (DGU)
Two panes of glass, separated by a cavity and hermetically sealed in a factory, to provide thermal and/or acoustic insulation.
Abbreviation of "Dots Per Inch"- a printing term referring to the resolution of a printed image.
Drained and Ventilated
Frame types which help prevent prolonged contact between the edge seal of double-glazed units and moisture.
Dry Glazed Systems
A term applied to glazing systems that use gaskets to retain the infill material (glass).
Dual Sealed System
A primary seal of polyisobutylene and a secondary seal of polysulphide, polyurethane or silicone ensure the effective and durable seal of double-glazed units.
Dubbed corner
The removal or blunting of sharp corner edges, often done in conjunction with arrissing, again it might be referred to as a chamfered corner.
Logarithmic unit for the sound level.
By processing the glass surface with a solution containing hydrofluoric acid, a dull appearance is created. The so-called satined glass can be used well as a visual screen with good light transmission at the same time.
Symbols which, combined with a period of time, define the classifications for fire resistance:
- E - Ability of a glazed material to prevent the spreading of flames or hot gases (integrity)
- EI - ability of a glazed material to limit heat transfer to the unexposed surface (integrity and insulation)
- EW - ability of a glazed material to reduce the emission of radiated heat or energy and to provide a heat barrier for persons (radiation)
Edge Clearance
The distance between the edge of the glass and rebate.
Edge Cover
The distance of the edge of the glass and sight line.
Edge Seal
See "Dual sealed system".
Effective U-Value
See "Energy balance".
Emissivity is a surface characteristic of a material. It is the relative ability of a surface to absorb and emit energy in the form of radiation. Low-emissivity (Low-E) coatings reduce the normally relatively high surface emissivity of the glass. The coatings are mainly transparent over the visible wavelengths but reflect long wave infra-red radiation towards the interior of the building. The result is greatly reduced heat loss (see SGG COOL-LITE K, SK and SGG PLANITHERM).
"European Norms" or standards, which are gradually harmonising with and superseding British Standards.
Enamelled Glass
Opaque glass colors, which are actually glass powders, that are melted onto a glass surface. One face of the glass is enamelled, by applying a ceramic frit that is then fired into the surface of the glass at high temperature. Depending on the cooling regime employed, this then results in either a heat-strengthened or thermally toughened glass (see SGG EMALIT EVOLUTION).
End Cap
Stock glass with wooden packaging on either end to protect it. Commonly used on patterned glass.
Energy Absorptance (A)
The percentage of solar radiant heat energy absorbed and re-emitted externally and internally by the glass.
Energy Balance
The difference between the amount of heat gain and heat loss through glazing. Also known as the "Effective U-value". The window on one hand is a source of thermal losses, determined by the U-value, and on the other hand it is a source of solar energy reaching the room, resulting from the Solar Factor g. Energy balance is thermal losses reduced by the sun's energy penetrating into the room. The energy balance is negative if the amount of solar energy reaching the room is greater than thermal losses. Thus, in a passive building, we should use windows with the lowest heat transfer coefficient and a relatively high g-value for obtaining solar profits.
Energy Reflectance (RE (external) and RI (internal))
The percentage of solar radiant heat energy reflected by glazing.
Energy Transmittance (T)
The proportion of solar radiant heat energy which is transmitted directly through glass (formerly abbreviated to DT (Direct Transmittance)).
Enhanced thermal insulation
Conventional double glazing provides thermal insulation. Double-glazing comprising a low-emissivity glass provides enhanced thermal insulation.
External Glazing
Glazing in which one or both sides are exposed to the outside.
Edge Processing
By grinding and polishing the sharp cutting edge is finished. The unprocessed glass edge with sharp edges is used only where it is in the frame and thus there is no risk of injury. Functionality and appearance are designed according to the usage.
Enamel Colors
The front of the glass to be enameled is transported on a belt under an enamel-filled container. In this container is a gap through which a constant stream of enamel paint runs. This creates a nationwide enameling. After drying the paint or enamel, the glass is tempered in an oven to toughened safety glass (ESG). By heating, the ceramic silkscreen or enamel colors are burned in and combine permanently mineral with the glass surface. Application: Only for single color, full - surface color design of facades, wall coverings, etc
The front or face of a building.
Fiber Glass
Very fine strands of glass used in the form of glass wool.
The term used to describe the surfaces of the glass in numerical order from the exterior to the interior. The exterior surface is always referred to as face 1. For a double-glazed unit, the surface of the outer pane facing into the cavity is face 2, the surface of the inner pane facing into the cavity is face 3 and the internal surface of the inner pane is face 4. With triple glazing there will be a face 5 and 6, with face 6 becoming the roomside face.
Face Clearance
The distance between the face of the glass, the rebate upstand and upstand face of a bead. Also known as front clearance and back clearance.
Abbreviation for finished floor level.
A vertical support made entirely of glass between two abutting glass panes, sometimes known as a glass mullion.
Finger Pull
Finger pulls are a recess or partial depth slot a few millimetres deep into the body of a pane of glass. The glass is often toughened and usually incorporated into a sliding glass door system in display, kitchen or bathroom cabinets.
Fire Resistance/Fire-Resisting
The ability of a building material to provide an effective barrier against the passage of flames, smoke and toxic gases and/or to reduce the transmittance of radiated heat (see SGG CONTRAFLAM, SGG CONTRAFLAM LITE, SGG SWISSFLAM, SGG SWISSFLAM LITE, SGG CONTRAFLAM STRUCTURE, SGG PYROSWISS, SGG VETROFLAM.
Product which meets the two fire resistance criteria E, EW and EI: flameproof and impervious to hot toxic gases or flammable materials (see above)
Strip of impervious material, usually metal, dressed or fitted in order to exclude water from the junction between a frame and adjacent building elements.
Float Glass
High quality, transparent flat glass manufactured by means of the float tank procedure that is, floating molten glass on a "tin-bath" at extremely high temperature (see SGG PLANILUX).
Float Glass
Produced when molten glass is floated on a bath of molted tin to form a continuous glass ribbon. Also a type of flat glass.
Ground glass, ranging in a variety of sizes from fine powder to gravel-like size. Sometimes used for painting effects and can be fused or cast.
Four Edge Glazing System
Infilling (glass) is supported continuously on all four edges by a suitable framing/glazing system.
Frame Terminology
Below is a typical window frame and the terminology used to describe the various parts/elements:
Free Path
Referred to in BS 6180 relating to guarding and balustrading. It is the unhindered distance a body can travel in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a barrier.
Free Standing Barrier
A structural barrier where the glass is fixed to the structure, either adhesively or by clamping, along its bottom edge and has a continuous handrail attached to the top edge. The glass is designed to withstand all the imposed design loads and there are no balusters.
The rate of vibration of sound waves per second, measured in Hertz.
Full Height Barrier
Where glass forms part or whole of a wall element it is classed as a full height barrier if any part of the glass is below the minimum barrier height, which is usually taken to be 800mm from finished floor level.
The fusion of different coloured glasses at high temperature to attain a collage-effect in glass.
Any area within the building, that lets in light. Includes windows, glass doors, glass block walls and skylights.
Facet Edge
Through several grinding and polishing operations, the edges of the glass (eg the mirror) are bevelled at an angle <90 °.
Flat Glass
A commonly used terminology to indicate sheet glass, float glass and other forms of rolled/plate glass where the shape of the glass is flat.
The g-value (solar factor) is the measure of the solar energy gain of a glass. The value measures the thermal radiation that is introduced through the glass into a room by the solar irradiation. It refers to the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2500 nm. The g-value is the sum of the radiation passing directly through the glass (transmission) and the secondary heat emission through the glass into the interior of the room (absorption).
Pre-formed glazing materials used for bedding or securing glass and to separate the glass from the frame or fixings.
The process of securing glass into provisions made in buildings, especially doors, windows and partitions. It also refers to the collective elements of a building comprising glass, frame and fixings.
Glazing Bead
See "Bead".
Glazing Materials
The materials required for the glazing of glass products such as glazing compounds, tapes, sealants and gaskets.
Glazing Stop
Fitting attached to the lower end of a glazing bar to prevent the infilling (glass) from sliding/slipping.
Glazing/Glass size
The dimensions of the cut glass ready for installation, clearances having been allowed. As a general rule the industry gives width first and height second (w x h).
The prevention of people falling wherever there is a change in floor level by means of a permanent barrier.
A ball of molten glass taken from a pot or furnace on the end of a hollow blow rod.
Colourless, tinted, transparent or opaque, an inorganic product of fusion cooled without crystallizing. Referred by the name 'monolithic glass'. Hard and brittle with a conchoidal fracture.
Ground Edge
Ground edges denote an edge surface which has been worked over the entire surface by grinding. These edges have a dull appearance.
Glass Production (Float Glass)
In the float glass process, an endless glass ribbon floats from the melting tank onto a liquid tin bath. Due to the surface tension of the molten glass and the flat surface of the tin bath, an absolutely plane-parallel glass ribbon is naturally formed. In the cooling channel and on the subsequent transport section, the glass cools down to room temperature so that it can be cut into sheets.
Top member of a frame, usually horizontal.
Heat Soak Test (HST)
The heat-soak test is a special process (hot storage test), which is carried out after the thermal toughening process in order to reduce the risk of spontaneous breakage of toughened glass in service due to nickel sulphide inclusions (NiS) (see SGG SECURIT HST, SGG SECURIPOINT).
Heat-Formed glass
Glass, which is heat-formed at a very high temperature, see "fusing".
Heat-Strengthened Glass
Glass which has been heat-treated in order to increase its mechanical strength and resistance to thermal breakage. It has fracture characteristics similar to that of ordinary annealed glass and is not classed as a safety glass (see SGG PLANIDUR).
Heat-Treated/Heat Treatment
A generic term for glass that has been heat-strengthened or thermally toughened in order to increase its mechanical strength and resistance to thermal breakage (see SGG SECURIT / SGG SECURIPOINT).
Heel Bead
A bead of sealant applied between the edge of the glass and the rebate angle.
HIAB Vehicle
Vehicle with lifting equipment attached.
Horizontal Line Load
A linear uniformly distributed load applied horizontally at a given height above finished floor level (e.g. 1100mm). Most often associated with balustrade and guarding applications.
Horizontal Toughening
A thermal toughening process whereby the glass is toughened horizontally and supported by rollers.
Hemmed Edge
The hemmed edges correspond to the dimensions of the cut edge. The edges are broken with a grinding tool, which deprives the edge. This is the lowest form of edge banding.
Impact Performance/Resistance
When related to safety glazing this is the classification of safety glass when tested to BS EN 12600.
Inclined Glazing
Glazing that is inclined at an angle between horizontal and 75° from horizontal.
Infill Panel
The term applied to the glass panel underneath the handrail in a barrier that provides containment, but no structural support to the main frame of the barrier.
Sheet material that occupies the space between supporting members.
Inner Pane
The pane of a double-glazed unit which faces the interior of a building.
Inside Glazed
External glazing, where the glass is installed from within the building.
Insulating Glass
Fire-resisting glass fulfilling the criterion of E (integrity) and I (insulation).
Insulating Glass Unit (IGU)
An assembly comprising at least two panes of glass, separated by one or more spaces, hermetically sealed along the periphery.
The ability of glazing to remain complete and to continue to provide an effective barrier to flames for example.
The term applied to the material used in laminated glass to bond the glass leaves together. It can be either PVB, cast-in-place resin or intumescent.
Internal Glazing
Glazing in which neither side is exposed to the outside of the building.
The property of materials that swell and char when exposed to radiated heat, such as that from a fire, and forms an insulating barrier.
K Value
Former name for U-value on the Continent.
Insulated chamber for heating and cooling glass or ceramics.
Kerafix Tape
An intumescent tape used for glazing fire rated glass.
Lacquered Glass
Produced by depositing and baking lacquer coating on one side of clear glass. Two or more sheets of annealed or heat treated glass are separated by one or more plastic interlayers (normally PVB) and subjected to heat and pressure, in order to ensure perfect adhesion between constituent elements (see SGG STADIP, SGG STADIP PROTECT).
The annealing chamber on a float glass manufacturing line where the molten glass is subject to controlled cooling to obtain annealed glass, free from internal stresses, which can then be cut or worked.
Lehr End Size (LES)
Production width sized glass sheets i.e. 3210x2550/2250/2200 etc. Light Reflectance (RE (external) and RI (internal)) The proportion of the visible spectrum that is reflected by the glass.
Light Shelf
A "daylighting" device designed to redirect light towards the ceiling or back of the room.
Light Transmittance (T)
The proportion of the visible spectrum that is transmitted through the glass (formerly abbreviated to LT (Light Transmittance)).
Line load
See "Horizontal line load".
Generic term for the various loads, where relevant, exerted on a structure or elements of a structure including wind loads, snow loads, imposed loads for example those associated with accidental human impact, and dead loads such as self-weight.
Location Blocks
Small blocks of resilient material placed between the edges of the glass and frame to maintain edge clearance and to prevent relative movement between the glass pane and surround. Blocks used on the bottom edge of the glass are known as "setting blocks".
Long-Wave Shading Coefficient (LWSC)
See "Shading coefficient".
Low Iron
Referring to extra clear glass, which has reduced iron oxide content in order to lessen the green tinge inherent to ordinary clear float glass.
Low Level Glazing
See "Safety critical glazing".
Low Modulus, Neutral Cure Silicone
A low modulus material requires a low force to stretch it and will generally have a good elasticity and therefore good movement accommodation. A low modulus, neutral cure silicone should be recommended for use in 'wet' glazed systems.
Low Emissivity or Low-E Glass
Glass with a special thin-film metallic or oxide coating which allows the passage of short-wave solar energy into a building but prevents long-wave energy produced by heating systems and lighting from escaping outside.Allows light to enter while also providing thermal insulation.
LT - Light Transmission Coefficient
The light transmittance and reflection coefficients are the ratio between the light beam transient or reflected by the glass and the stream of light falling on the glass.
LSG Ratio
Light to Solar Gain (LSG) is the ratio of the Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) of a glass. In absolute percentage terms, a ratio greater than 1 signifies that the daylight passing through the glass is more than the sun's direct heat passing through it.
Light Comfort
Lighting should contribute to the well-being of people in the room, ensuring optimal conditions for the eyes in terms of the amount and distribution of light (in such a way as to avoid both the risk of glare and underexposed angles).Light comfort is associated with the right choice of light transmission, as well as the location, direction and dimensions of the glass.
Magnetically Enhanced Cathodic Sputtering
See "Sputtered coating".
Main Seal
See "Secondary seal".
This refers to any technique for making areas of transparent glazing more apparent and easily noticeable, to help prevent people from walking into it.
A vertical framing section between glass panes.
Monolithic Glass
A single sheet of flat glass that could be annealed/toughened/heat strengthened.
Polished glass with a reflective coating of silver deposited on the back.
Nominal Thickness
Numeric designation to indicate the approximate thickness of glass.
Nickel Sulphide Inclusion (NiS)
A rare, but naturally occurring impurity present in all glass that can, in certain circumstances, lead to spontaneous breakage of thermally toughened glass in service.
Non-Insulating Glass
Fire resisting glass, providing the criteria of E (integrity) only.
Non-Vision Area
See "Spandrel panels".
Notches and cut-outs are processes whereby areas of glass are removed from a sheet of glass, such an operation might be used where hinges or handles are required on frameless glass doors (there are limitations that apply and advice should be sought).
Noise is a sound stimulus, caused by vibrations or waves, spreading in the air, flowing or solid (eg in the wall). These are the minimum changes in air pressure that are recorded by the eardrum of our ear. The "audible" changes in air pressure are in the range of 0.00002 Pa to 20 Pa, while the atmospheric pressure is about 100,000 Pa.
Noise Intensity
The noise intensity ("strength") can be either large or small. The ear registers pressure changes between 0.00002 Pa and 20 Pa. Because this is a very wide range, we use the logarithmic scale.According to this scale, the noise level is expressed in decibels (dB). At the beginning of the scale 0 dB is the threshold of hearing, below which the human ear does not register anything, while 140 dB is the threshold of pain.
Octave band
The spectrum of sound is measured in bands of frequencies, an octave band is the band of frequencies in which the upper limit of the band is twice the frequency of the lower limit.
Off-Line Coating
See "Sputtered coating".
On-Line Coating
See "Pyrolytic coating".
Glass which has been fully enamelled or painted on one side to make it non-transparent.
Outer Pane
The pane of a double-glazed unit which faces the exterior of a building.
Outside Glazed
External glazing, where the glass is installed from the outside of the building.
Outdoor Light Reflectance (%)
Outdoor light reflectance, or daylight reflectance, is the percentage of light striking the glazing that is reflected back. It indicates the degree to which the glazing appears like a mirror from the outside.
A ready-to-be glazed single piece of glass or plastic glazing sheet material in a finished size.
Pack of Glass
Multiple sheets of glass of a specified size and type that are stacked against each other for transportation. They are not wrapped or packed in anything.
Patent Glazing (PG)
A non-load bearing, drained and ventilated framing system, used predominantly in overhead glazing.
Patterned Glass
Translucent patterned glass, manufactured by rolling heat-softened glass between embossed cylinders (see SGG DECORGLAS, SGGMASTERGLASS).
Ability of a material to breakdown organic compounds on a surface using UV radiation (see SGG BIOCLEAN).
"Plateau Largeur Fabrication", SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS reference for jumbo-size flat glass sheets i.e. 6000mm x 3210mm dimensions.
Point Load
An imposed concentrated load acting on a square contact area of 50mm sides. Most often associated with balustrading and guarding applications and also to glass used in floors.
Perception of Light
Our perception of light applies only to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.38 and 0.78 μm. Only this type of radiation causes a physiological phenomenon called vision, whose effectiveness depends on the wavelength. The luminous efficacy of different types of radiation allows for the conversion of the energy stream sent by the radiation source into the beam of light.
A roughly 'triangular' fillet of compound formed on the platform of the rebate in front of the glass.
Polished Edge
The ground edges are further refined by over polishing. This is especially useful for visible glass edges such as mirrors, table tops or glass showers.
Pre-Shimmed Tape
A preformed tape incorporating a continuous EPDM shimcord.
Preformed Tape
A butyl strip on fast release backing material.
Primary seal
A butyl-based sealant, for example polyisobutylene, applied to the edges of the spacer bar during assembly into IGUs, to ensure a watertight and airtight seal around the perimeter of the unit.
A coating applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of compounds or sealants.
PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral)
The plastic interlayer incorporated into laminated glass in order to ensure good adhesion and the mechanical and safety breakage characteristics of the glass.
See "Pyrolytic coating".
Pyrolytic Coating/Coated
A specialist metallic coating is applied to the glass "on-line" during the float glass manufacturing process. The high temperatures involved result in the metallic oxides fusing into the surface of the glass through pyrolysis and effectively forming part of the glass (see SGG ANTELIO).
Partially Tempered Glass (TVG)
Partly Tempered Glass (TVG) is subjected to a heat treatment similar to the toughened safety glass (ESG). The glass is heated in the oven to more than 600 ° C, but not as fast as ESG (toughened safety glass) cooled. As a result, lower tensile and compressive stresses form in the glass. The flexural strength is between that of float glass and tempered glass. In the event of a break, cracks occur that run from the rupture center to the side edges. When processed into VSG, the larger-sized fragments result in a higher residual load capacity.
Residual Load Capacity (= Residue Stability)
Residual load-bearing capacity is a property of laminated safety glass (VSG) in which at least two glass panes are bonded together (laminated) by means of a PVB film. With glass breakage, the construction can still absorb certain loads due to the residual load-bearing capacity of the foil and prevents glass fragments from falling down.
The abbreviation for the sound reduction index when the spectrum adaptation term C is applied to the single number weighted sound reduction index (RW) using pink noise as a sound source.
The abbreviation for the sound reduction index when the spectrum adaptation term Ctr is applied to the single number weighted sound reduction index (RW) using traffic noise as a sound source.
Depends on the context in which it is being used. Normally refers to electromagnetic radiation. It is also used in terms of fire protection, see "fire resistance" and it is one of the ways in which heat can be transferred.
Radius Corner
Either an internal or external rounded cut edge on or within a pane of glass.
The section of the frame surround which forms an angle into which the glass is placed and held.
Reflective Coating/Coated
A metallic coating is applied to one side of the glass in order to significantly increase the amount of reflection by the glass of both the visible and infra-red (light and heat) range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Road Traffic Noise
See "RA,tr".
Certain thicknesses of annealed glass is considered suitable for use in large areas, in safety critical locations, for certain non-domestic situations such as shopfronts, showrooms, offices and public buildings. This is referred to in Building Regulations Approved Document N as robustness.
Roller Pick-up/Pluck
A phenomenon that occurs on toughened glass.
Rolled Glass
Translucent glass with 50-80% light transmission. Used where transparency of the glass sheet is not important or desired.
An optical phenomenon, generally noticed in reflection, caused by contact between glass and rollers in the horizontal toughening process.
See "Free path".
See "Weighted noise reduction".
Rw = rated sound reduction index
R W is the weighted sound reduction index of a component without sound transmission via a flanking component in dB.
Screen Printing
The printable side of the glass is placed under a canvas with motifs consisting of fabric stretched on a metal frame. The screen printing ink is now applied from below with a squeegee. In the places where the glass is not to be printed, the stitches of the textile fabric are dense, where the color is to be applied to the glass, the mesh are permeable. Application: For single and multicolored decors, in the area of facade and interior fittings.
Safety Critical Locations
Identified by Approved Document N and BS 6262 part 4 and defined as glazed sections of a door, wall or other part of a building most likely to be subject to accidental human impact.
Safety Glass
Glass which does not disintegrate into sharp and potentially dangerous splinters when broken. May be produced by laminating or tempering.
A fenestration surface that has a slope less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane.
Enamelling the surface of a sheet of glass, either partially or completely, by means of a silk-screen and thermal toughening (see SGG SERALIT EVOLUTION).
Sheet Glass
A transparent flat glass with apparent glossy, fine finish but with waviness of surface.
Solar Control Glass
With the strong sunlight is also associated with a high energy input. That is, the short-wave radiation penetrates the glass and strikes surfaces that emit long-wave rays. These in turn cannot get through the glass to the outside, so that the heat accumulates in the room. It can come through the glass surfaces in the interior so the greenhouse effect. One way to prevent this is the installation of solar control glass. The solar control glass obtains its properties by coating and / or coloring the glasses, depending on whether colored or color-neutral solar control glass is to be produced. Dyes (for example iron oxide, copper oxide) are added to the colored so-called absorption glass in the glass melt. The glass with reflection in the non-visible area (infrared range).
Self-Cleaning Glass
Property of glass with a photocatalytic and hydrophilic coating. The coating harnesses the dual-action of UV light and rain (or water) to break down organic dirt and reduce the adherence of mineral material. The glass stays cleaner for longer and is easier to clean (see SGG BIOCLEAN).
Setting Blocks
See "Location blocks"
By roughening the glass surface by means of a sandblast blower, a complete satin finish or matting of the glass pane can be achieved. Furthermore, a pattern can be applied to the glass surface by the targeted processing by means of a fine sandblast.
Shading Coefficient (SC)
The g-Value (SF or TT) of a glass relative to that of 3mm clear float glass (0.87) and is used as a performance comparison. The lower the shading coefficient number, the lower the amount of solar heat transmitted. The short wave shading coefficient is the direct transmittance (T) of the glass as a factor of the solar factor or total transmittance (g) of 3mm clear float glass (T ÷ 0.87). The long wave shading coefficient is the internally re-radiated energy that the glass has absorbed as a factor of the g-Value (SF or TT) of 3mm clear float glass. It is determined by subtracting the direct transmittance (T) from the (g) of the subject glass and then dividing by the (g) of 3mm clear float glass (g-T ÷ 0.87).
Sight line
The perimeter of the opening that admits daylight.
Sight Size
The actual size of the opening that admits daylight.
Silicone Seal
Where the edges of double-glazed units are unframed and exposed to direct sunlight, they are sealed with silicone for UV resistance.
Bottom member of a frame, usually horizontal.
Silvering or Silvered
A process used in the manufacture of mirrors, whereby a silver coating is applied to one surface of the glass (see SGGMIRALITE EVOLUTION).
Sloped Glazing
See "Inclined glazing".
Snow Load
An imposed load exerted onto a structure or element of a structure by formation of snow.
Solar Factor g
The percentage of total solar radiant heat energy transmitted through glazing (the sum of energy transmitted directly and energy absorbed and re-emitted to the interior).
Solar Heat Gain
Solar radiant heat, transmitted or re-emitted by glazing into a building, contributing to the build-up of heat.
Sound Reduction Index (R)
A laboratory measure of the sound insulating properties of a material or building element in a stated frequency band.
Spacer Bar
Generally, an aluminium bar along all edges of a double-glazed unit, filled with desiccant, which separates the two panes of glass and creates a cavity.
Small fragments of glass that are ejected from the surface of a laminated glass sheet when the opposite surface is impacted.
Spandrel or Spandrel Panel
Glass cladding panels used in non-vision areas of a facade, commonly in curtain walling. They generally comprise an enameled or opacified glass to conceal building structure elements such as the edge of floor slabs.
Spectrophotometric Performance/Properties
The collective term for the transmittance, absorptance and reflectance properties of glass of solar radiant heat and light energy.
Sputtered Coating/Coated
An advanced metallic coating is applied to the glass "off-line" or after the float glass manufacturing process, by a technique called magnetically enhanced cathodic sputtering under vacuum conditions.
The ability of the specimen as a whole (not just the glass) to remain in position in its opening providing an effective barrier to fire (now normally referred to as "integrity").
Stepped-Edge Unit
The edges of the double-glazed unit are not flush. One pane is larger and overlaps the other, to enable their use in roof glazing for example.
Stock Size
Manufactured glass products are available in standard sheet sizes:jumbos (PLF), lehr end sizes (LES) and standard stock sizes (SSS).
Structural Glazing
Glass acting as a structural support to other parts of the building structure, for example glass fins. It can also refer to glass that is fixed by means of bolted connectors where the glass is not acting as a structural element.
Structural Sealant Glazing
An external glazing system where the glass is bonded to a carrier frame without mechanical retention.
Supporting Member
An element of a glazing system/frame that supports and retains the edge of an infilling (glass).
Frosted glass has a matt surface on one side, which, for example, at Satinovo is achieved by treating the glass with acid (hydrofluoric acid). Frosted glass works well when privacy is desired, but light is allowed to pass through. Satinization can also be achieved using sandblasting.
Tempered Glass
See "Thermally toughened glass".
Textured Glass
See "Patterned glass".
Thermal Break
A type of metal frame that incorporates an isolating material of low thermal conductivity located between the inner and outer parts of the frame in order to reduce the rate of heat loss through the frame.
Thermal Fracture/Safety
See "Thermal stress".
Thermal Stress
The term is used to describe the internal stresses created when a glass pane is subjected to variations in temperature within the body of the glass. If the temperature differentials in the glass are excessive, the glass may crack. This is referred to as thermal breakage or fracture.
The most common example of the risk of glass cracking under the influence of thermal stresses concerns glass edges embedded in the groove, which when exposed to sunlight, warm up more slowly than its remaining surface.
Thermally Insulating Glazing
Double or triple glazed units provide thermal insulation.
Thermally Toughened Glass
Glass that has been subjected to a controlled heating and cooling process, in order to significantly increase its resistance to mechanical and thermal stress. Through the thermal toughening process, the glass attains its safe-breakage characteristics (see SGG SECURIT, SGG SECURIT HST, SGG SECURIPOINT).
Tempered Safety Glass (ESG)
Toughened safety glass (ESG) is produced from basic glass (float glass) by means of heat treatment. The glass is heated in an oven to more than 600 ° C and the air blowing abruptly cooled again. The near-surface zones of the disc cool faster than the inner core. This creates a tensile stress in the core in the surface. As an effect, this results in a much higher impact and impact resistance than with float glass. Furthermore, the glass disintegrates when destroyed in small crumbs without sharp edges whereby a risk of injury is significantly reduced. ESG has been used in the automotive industry for side windows for years (SAINT-GOBAIN Sekurit) and is also ideal for shower glass, glass for interior and sliding doors and many other applications.
Tight Size
The actual size of an opening into which glass is to be glazed and is measured from the rebate platform.
Tinted Glass
A float glass to which colourants are added during manufacturing, resulting in tinting and solar radiation absorption properties.
Tin Side
Designation for the float glass side, which comes into contact with the tin bath. This is characterized by reduced mechanical strength, but increased chemical resistance. Recognizable by slight fluorescence under UV light.
Tinted Interlayer
A coloured pvb interlayer between two or more panes of glass.
Total Transmittance
See "Solar factor".
Toughened Glass
See "Thermally toughened glass".
Transmitting light but obscuring clear vision.
A horizontal framing bar between glass panes. It can also be used to refer to a fanlight over a door.
Clear, permitting vision.
Two Edge Glazing System
Infilling (glass) is supported continuously on only two opposite sides of its four edges by a suitable framing/glazing system.
T L Value
The T L value is the measure of the light transmission through the glass in the form of brightness. The indication of the light transmittance T L refers to the wavelength range of visible light from 380 nm to 780 nm and is weighted with the light sensitivity of the human eye (DIN EN 410).
Unframed Glazing
Glazing with one or more edges unframed.
This is a measure of the rate of heat loss of a building component. It is expressed as Watts per square metre, per degree Kelvin, W/m2K. Central unit of measure for the heat loss through a component: indicates how much heat per unit time passes through 1 m² of a component, if a temperature difference of 1 K (1 ° C) between the two adjacent sides (eg room and outside air) consists. The smaller the U-value, the better the thermal insulation. The unit of measure is W / m²K.
This is a measure of the rate of heat loss through the frame element of a window or door or other frame element. It is expressed as Watts per square metre, per degree Kelvin, W/m2K. It takes no account of the glass or spacerbar/edge seal (if an IGU is installed).
This is a measure of the rate of heat loss through a single pane of glass or an IGU for a heat energy flow through a 1 m² component at 1K (or ° C) temperature difference. It is expressed as Watts per square metre, per degree Kelvin, W/m2K. It is also known as a "centre pane" and takes no account of the spacerbar/edge seal (if it is an IGU) or any framing material it is installed into.
Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
Pressure exerted uniformly across a pane of glass, for example a wind load.
UV Transmittance
The percentage of solar energy in the form of ultra-violet radiation transmitted by glazing.
This is a measure of the rate of heat loss through the "whole window". It is expressed as Watts per square metre, per degree Kelvin, W/m2K. It takes account of all elements forming the window, glass, spacerbar/edge seal (if it is an IGU) and the framing material itself.
Uw, eq Value
The Uw, eq value balances the heat flows at the window. The measure of the actual heat flow at the window is the Uw, eq value. By considering the solar energy gains dependent on the direction of the sky, together with the existing heat losses, the energy gain and loss are accounted for. The weighting with the window area shares per cardinal direction determines the Uw, eq weighted value for the evaluation of the total influence of the windows.
Vertical Glazing
Glazing which is either true vertical, or within 15° either side of true vertical.
Vertical Fenestration
Any type of fenestration other than skylights.
Visible Spectrum
Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths from approximately 380nm to 780nm, to which the human eye is sensitive. The combined wavelengths of the visible spectrum result in "white light".
Vision Area
Areas of a facade which allow vision from the interior to the exterior.
Visible Light Transmittance (%)
Visible transmittance, or daylight transmittance, is the percentage of visible light striking the glazing that will pass through. Visible transmittance values account for the eyes' relative sensitivity to different wavelengths of light. Glazing with a high visible transmittance appears relatively clear and provides sufficient daylight and unaltered views; however, it tends to create glare. Glazing with low visible transmittance is best used in highly glare-sensitive conditions, but can create gloomy interiors under certain weather conditions and diminished views. It is unsuitable for many day-lighting applications since it does not provide enough light for typical visual tasks. While glazing can have a high visible transmittance, it does tend to obscure views, e.g., frosted or patterned glass.
Warm Edge
Insulating glazings are kept in the edge bond with the help of a spacer profile "at a distance". The result is the noble gas or air-filled space between the panes, on which the insulating effect of the glazing is based. Due to the spacers, a linear thermal bridge of considerable length is created on the component window. Metal profiles heat to the outside more or less unchecked, along the entire transition area from glass to frame. For insulating glass spacers, which reduce the thermal bridge at the edge of the glass, thus keeping the room-side glass edge warmer. 'Warm edge' is a short name for thermally improved edge bond of insulating glass.
Strip material designed to control the passage of water and/or air through a joint in a glazing system or where a glazing system abuts other elements.
Weighted Noise Reduction
A single figure rating for the sound insulation of building elements. Includes a weighting for the human ear and measures actual sound transmittance.
WER (Window Energy Rating)
Window Energy ratings are a way for the consumer to reliably compare one product with another and make informed decisions regarding the energy performance of a window based on data provided on a "rainbow" label. The label gives a rating, A (best) to G (worst), based on the performance of the "whole window" (frame and glass) and therefore allows fair comparison of one window type with another.
Wind Load
The pressure, positive or negative, acting on an external surface of a building caused by the direct action of the wind. Commonly expressed as N/m2.
Wired Glass
Flat rolled glass reinforced with wire mesh and used especially for glass doors and roofing to prevent objects from smashing through the glass and also to hold pieces of broken glass together. Produced by continuously feeding wire mesh from a roller into the molten glass ribbon just before it undergoes cooling. Protects against break-in and fire spreading.
Warm Spacer Frame
At the edges of the insulated glass, special profiles - "spacer frames" are located between the individual glass panes. In this way, a space is created between the panes filled with noble gas or air, which forms the basis of the thermal insulation function of the window. Due to the use of spacers, a linear thermal bridge with a significant length is created. That is why it is extremely important to use appropriate, warm frames that ensure optimal thermal insulation.


text:
AgTalk | Digital is where FM radio was ten years ago: Brand Comm's Sridhar
Adgully: Can you share with us two key functional areas of Brand Comm?
Ramanujam Sridhar: We are a communication consultancy firm. The company is called integrated brand communications. We are a brand consultancy which deals with identity, positioning, re-positioning and brand architecture. We do advertising with a difference. We do a lot of our work which is in the area of talent. Third area which is the most visible part for us is Public Relations. We do a lot of training programmes and workshops.
Ag: What is the thought process that runs through the company?
RS: In our logo, there is a line that says power of insight. We sincerely believe that behind everything there is a consumer insight. The second is expanding your brand's width.
Ag: Could you elaborate on the changing concept of branding in the last three years?
RS: There is great awareness for the importance of branding. When we started the company twelve years ago, people couldn't even pronounce the word "brand' earlier. Now at least they can. There is a realization now that many of the Indian companies are quite old. And when they had started it fifty years or so ago, it was done as a business propositions and not so much as brand propositions. Today many of them are competing in a global environment and they are competing with international players who have clearly defined positions. So I think there is a greater realization of importance of branding and what it can do for a company. The second big shift is because of the fact that most of India is young, so everyone wants their brand to be young. So I see a greater desire for brands to contemporize themselves today as compared to a few years ago. My only concern is brand is not only about the identity but also about the offering. It cannot be the identity alone if they wish to upgrade themselves, offering has to be a significant part.
Ag: What are the parameters clients look for in the branding process?
RS: What they are looking for is whether the branding company understands the category they are in. Second is whether they have the strategic capability to understand the clients' business and present it in a manner that is differentiating. Third is does it have a long term opportunity? It must at least have a three or five year window. Also you must see if you can realistically be there or not. What companies like ours do is be objective and give them a different perspective to rebrand their products. This is because product managers are too close to their products and cannot be objective.
Ag: Do you think brands are getting more into digital today?
RS: Unfortunately digital is where FM radio was ten or twelve years ago. Suddenly everyone seems to have woken up. Digital is in that stage where clients are still trying to understand this medium. Though mainstream advertising is the way for most products, clients need to understand that there is an emerging customer and we need to capture that segment. There are different points at which we can reach out to the consumer. We need to cover every end of the spectrum. Today I don't think any brand is using the digital medium to its full potential.
Ag: Can you discuss two of your best works?
RS: I would think the work we did for Vajram which is a cement brand is phenomenal. It is one of the largest selling cement brands today. We take immense pride in the work done for Calvin Care also.
Ag: Can you share with us some of the clients you work with?
RS: Some of them are CavinKare, Datacra, Vajram Cement, Ma Foi Randstad, Manipal's entire education, Future Group and so on.
Ag: What kind of goals have you set for Brand Comm in the next five years?
RS: We are not in the mass market business. Our senior management is involved with most of the clients we work. We much rather be known by the quality of our work than the number of clients we have. We believe in long term relationships. We work closely with our clients.
Ag: What are some of the challenges for Band Comm at this point in time?
RS: The biggest challenge would be what the whole industry is facing today, that of attrition. Our future has always been young people. We recruit from management and communications school and many of them have grown with us. I am a teacher; there have been instances where my students have come to work with us.
Ag: You have authored two books already, are there any more books in the pipeline?
RS: Yes I am working on another book with Prof. Nair. The working title of the book is "Bees Saal ke baad' which basically talks about after twenty years of liberalization what's happening to the brands. Hopefully this should be published this year.
Ag: What message do you have for the industry?
RS: I think the basic problem with the industry is that there is no leader. There were people like Mani Iyer, Shubash Ghoshal, R.K Swamy who were visionary leaders and thought beyond their advertising and for the industry. And the second problem is that there is dearth in talent in this industry. The pay scales are too low and hence there is no motivation also to take this profession up by the youngsters. | By Janees Antoo [janees(at)adgully.com]


text: Dragonball Evolution is a 2009 adventure fiction film directed by James Wong. The film is based on the Japanese Dragon Ball manga by Akira Toriyama, and stars Justin Chatwin as Goku, Emmy Rossum as Bulma, James Marsters as Lord Piccolo, Jamie Chung as Chi-Chi, Chow Yun-fat as Master Roshi, Joon Park as Yamcha, and Eriko Tamura as Mai. The story centers on the adventures of the lead character, Goku, around his 18th birthday, as he is asked to gather seven Dragon Balls to save the world from ... more on Wikipedia