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had ruled the occasion as privileged, and, even if not, be shoild submit that the claim as to that was barred by tbe Statute of Limitations.
Denman, J., said he should not consider that point tonight (as to entering judgment) in case the jury should find or the plaintiff on that part of the case. It was Dot the main part of the case.
Tbe jury retired, and, after an absence of an hour, returned into court, saying they were unable to agree unanimously on the third question, but found "Yes" to the first, and '■ No " to the second question. After some discussion with bis lordship they retired again, to consider the question of actual malice, though his lordship intimated that he thought it was immaterial, being disposed of in the former answer. After a brief absence the jury again returned, and said "No " in answer to the third.
Desmax, J.—That is a verdict for the defendant, and I give judgment for him.
Meisheimer asked for a stay of execution to move, and Dbnhax, J., granted it, observing that his verdict would have been the same as that now given.—Times.
A special meeting of the Incorporated Law Society, for the purpose of taking into consideration the present position of legul procedure, the impending changes in the profession, and other incidental matters, was held at the society's hall on Friday, the 16th inst. The meeting had been convened on the requisition of a large number of the members of the society. About 250 gentlemen attended, and Mr. J. M. Clabon, President, occupied the chair.
The President stated the object of the meeting.
Mr. C. Ford asked whether he might be permitted to put some questions to the president?
The President replied that he was in entire ignorance as to what would be done. Until he came into the room he had not seen the resolutions that were to be submitted to tbe meeting. He wished to give every possible information in answer to any questions that might be put to him.
Mr. Ford then put the following questions:—(1) Whether the circumstances under which the council sent to and received baok from the Legal Procedure Committee crtain recommendations, as announced at the time in the Times newspaper, are open to any satisfactory explanation, or whether this society must regard the action of the Legal Procedure Committee in the light of an affront on this society? (2) Whether any arrangement has been come to between the conncil and the benchers with regard to the regulations of the Inns of Court affecting the call of solicitors to the bar? (3) Whether, with reference to the communication of the Attorney-General to the council in regard to certain solicitors, whose names had been scheduled by the Parliamentary Commissioners, the council are aware of any steps in contemplation by the first law officer of the Crown to put a stop to the reckless expenditure uf money by barristers and Other candidates for parliamentary honours at election times? (4) Whether tbe council have taken any steps to safeguard the right of solicitors to audience in the Bankruptcy Court when, as provided iuHhe present Government Bankruptcy Bill, such court becomes a branch of the High Court of Justice?
The Presidest replied that (1), with reference to the suggestions made by the council to the Legal Procedure or Costs of Litigation Committee, the matter had been referred by them to the particular committee which they had appointed for the purpose of considering the suggestions, and the result of their deliberations had been forwarded to the Costs of Litigation Committee. This resulted in communications between himself and the Attorney-General, the council, he believed, coming well out of the matter. The suggestions were not accepted by the committee at first, but were sent back to the council, and having been reconsidered, and some or them to which objection had been taken having been struck out, they were returned to and reconsidered by the committee. In his opinion, nothing in the nature of an •{front had been intended to the council or the society. The eecond question concerned a subject which had occupied
the attention of the council very largely. They prepared a Bill with regard to it, and had an interview with the Lord Chancellor early in January, when certain suggestions were made by them, but up to then bis lordship had not received any communication from the benchers, and the matter was postponed. They afterwards saw several of the members of the bar, more particularly the treasurers of the four Inns of Court, who, at the suggestion of the council, considered the snbjeot separately and together, and eventually passed a resolution that the period of probation might be reduced from three years to one year—in other words, that solicitors might become barristers on only one instead of three years' terms. This was not considered to be all that was wanted, because there was still the preliminary examination for the bar, Bndthe council requested that the society's preliminary examination, should be held to bean equivalent for it. Answers bad been received from Lincoln's-iun and tbe Middle Temple, stating that the matter should receive consideration, and they expected that a similar reply would be received from Qray'sinn. He believed the oouncil would consider this a satisfactory solution of the difficulty. The council knew nothing whatever with respect to the subject of the third question. As regarded the fourth, the conncil had taken immense trouble with reference to the Bankruptcy Bill, and had appointed a strong committee previous to the commencement of the session. They drew up observations which were sent to the Bankers' Institute, the wholesale dealers, and the provinoial law societies, and when their replies were received they were forwarded in a tabular form to the AttorneyGeneral and the Board of Trade. The council also saw Mr. Chambeilain, and had received communications from him. They afterwards considered the Bill, and communicated with the provincial societies. As soon as answers had been received from the societies, the council intended to ngain communicate with Mr. Chamberlain, and, in the meantime, Mr. Ford's questions would be referred to a committee of the council in order that the subject of the audience of solicitors in the Bankruptcy Court might be carefully considered.
Mr. E. Kimber remarked that it was not his intention to make an attack upon the council, or to say whether what they had done was right or wrong. The meeting had to consider what was to be done at the present time, and he felt that it was incumbent upon every member of the solicitors' branch of the profession to make a strong stand against a matter which was, in his opinion, unconstitutional and illegal. He thought that when he attacked the Judicature Act every one present would be in accord with him. Great authorities disagreed with respect to it, so it was, at least, not surprising if solicitors did so, and that the public took an erroneous view of their conduct. He drew the attention of the meeting more particularly to the 75th section of the Act, which related to the Council of Judges who were to consider the procedure and administration of justice. The seetion laid it down that they should assemble once a year to consider the operation of the Act and tbe Rules of Court, together with the working of the offices and the arrangements relative to the duties of the officers of the courts, and to inquire into any defects which existed in the system of procedure or the administration of the law in the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal. They were also to report annually to one of the Secretaries of State as so what amendments it was desirable should be made for the better administration of justice. What was there in existence at the present moment? A Legal Procedure Committee had been appointed, of the object of which the president himself was in doubt, but thought it to be a committee to consider the costs of litigation. This was the first instance in the country's history of the appointment of a committee upon the mere authority of one Minister of State—a departmental committee to govern Legislation and prescribe what should be done with regard to the great profession of the law. Personally, he admired the Lord Chancellor greatly, but in the present instance he had acted, not as a Minister, but as a creature. It was most extraordinary that the judges had never met in oouncil, in accordance with the requirements of the Aot, until after the death of the Lord Chief Justice. If those who were appointed to administer the law had not upheld one of the principal sections of the Judicature Act, was it surprising that the general public looked unfavourably on the whole practice and profession of the law? They had done so, as was proved by the calumnies that had been uttered in the Times, and
many other newspapers, with regard to the costs of the legal profession, their practice, and their social position. The judges had never met, except for the purpose of abolishing two ancient offices. Why were not the defects of the Act discussed by the judges themselves? It conld not be from the want of knowledge as to its requirements, for he had heard one of the judges in the Court of Appeal remark that he knew what a particular rule meant, as he had drawn it himself. Again, a Queen's Counsel, who was a member of Parliament, had told the court that he knew the meaning of the Act, for he was the anthor of it. Sir William Charley had said in a work he had written that the judges were accuetomed to meet together for the purpose of consultation, but such a meeting was unknown in the present day. These meetings were, however, calculated to break dswn the barrier of prejudice which existed, but which, he was glad to be able to say, was slowly disappearing. That the Lord Chancellor entirely sympathized with the Act a letter which he held in his hand would prove. It was addressed to a solicitor by the secretary to the Lord Chancellor, and stated that his lordship was glad he had no complaint to make against the officers of the Court of Chancery, and that the subject of expense in the Chancery Division of the Supreme Court had for a considerable time occupied his earnest attention, with a view that such changes might be made as would meet the difficulties which arose out of a defeotive system. It was sad that the profession, who were the instruments by which the Act was to be cari led out, should be liable to be attacked because of its defects, whilst the judges, and not they, were liable for them. He was of opinion that it might safely be concluded that the Lord Chancellor thought that, although the Council of Judges had not been annually called, yet that it ought to have been, and that there was some difficulty in calling it; also, that when it was called it would be a machine awkward and difficult to set in motion—too heavy and cumbrous for its objects. Therefore it had been thought best to appoint a Committee of Legal Procedure, or a Costs of Litigation Committee. It -was, however, a departmental committee, consisting of judges, barristers, and only two solicitors. Neither the solicitor branch of the profession nor the public were properly represented upon it. How was the committee composed? Lord Coleridge was the chairman, Lord Justice James, Mr. Justice Bowen, Mr. J. C. Mathew, Mr. R. T. Beid, all of them either barristers or past-barristers; Mr. Hollams and Mr. C. Harrison, solicitors. Lord Shand, Sir James Hannen, and the Attorney-General, all from the barrister branch, had, In consequence of representations which had been made to the Government, been added to the committee. What conld these gentlemen know about the matters which most affected solicitors in their practice? He held in his hand a number of letters of complaints which he had received, and one of them showed that the particular work which could be effected by two attendances when the matter was in the Common Law Division required no less than thirteen attendances if it was in the Chancery Divition. The construction of the Rules of Court was in most cases determined from the draftsman's point of view, and from the reading of some of them opposite conclusions might be arrived at from those which would be derived from others. Some of them had required the decision of the Court of Appeal, and of the very jndges who had drawn them, which would not have been the case if the practical men of the solicitor branoh had been taken into the confidence of the gentlemen who drew them. He could not understand how it was that law and legislation were conclnded without consulting the very men who were best able to define the practice affected by the rules to be made. The Council of the Incorporated Law Society were consulted now and then, it was true, and it really was a fact that quite reoently they had got no less than thirteen of her Majesty's judges to dine with them, when, no doubt, they had ample opportunities of consultation. But the benchers also dined together on the very same nigfcr, and they invited several influential members of Parliament. How were the two entertainments spoken of in the newspapers? That of the benchers was referred to in much higher terms than that of the society. The members of the bar were an important element in the background in the management of the influential newspapers. Their intentions were evident by the articles which appeared in the Times. The solicitors were gaining in the esteem of the publio, both in
the House of Commons and outside of it, and it beoame necessary to throw cold water on all that they did. The Legal Procedure Committee itself originated from au article which appeared in the Timii, followed by letters signed " Lex" and one from a member of the Judicature Commission. It wag not at all difficult to define who that gentleman was, from the views to which he had given expression when on the bench. Artioles and correspondence followed, the whole press took the matter up, and eventually the Government, after consulting the Lord Chancellor, appointed a departmental committee. The Time* never after made any allusion to the cost of litigation, but advised the committee to get rid of the many steps necessary to be taken in some of the courts before a case oould be decided. The Times, at any rate, had at length taken the burden from the shoulders of the solioitors, and he hoped the aotion of the meeting would result in its being put on the right ones. He would move, " That no Committee on Legal Procedure can have the confidence of the public, or of this branoh of the profession, unless both be properly and adequately represented • and this sooiety recommends to her Majesty's Government tbe appointment of a Royal Commission to inquire into the whole question of economizing, simplifying, and accelerating the prooess and practice of tbe law." If thy passed this resolution, the publio and tbe press could no longer say the solicitors were opposed to simplification, economy, and swiftness in the practice of the law, or to ear that solicitors desired to protract litigation that they might put money in their pockets. The statistics of the High Court of Justice proved that the applications for immediate judgments were extremely numerous, and that this had been tbe case to a much greater extent than had ever been contemplated by the Judicature Commissioners themselves, which, of itself, would prove that solicitors were in the habit of >dvising their clients at the earliest possible moment so as to put an end to litigation. It would be said, in opposition to the appointment of the Royal Commission, that one hid already beeu appointed—the Judicature Commission—which had sat several times and had been the cause of ttie passsng of two Acts of Parliament. In reply to that it could be said that grievances were still complained of by the public ami that the costs of litigation had not been reduced. Emphatic action must be taken, pending the report of the Legal Procedure Committee, in order to influence the House of Commons and with a view to getting rid of the opprobrium which at present attached to them in tbe exercise of their profession. Many members cf the House of Commons rn both sides, to his personal knowledge, were in favour of the solicitor branch as against the bar, 'and felt the want of the solicitor in framing Acts of Parliament, of the interpretation of eighty per cent, of which they would have the responsibility. Tbe members of the society who occupied seats in tho House osii mnde their mark upon the Statute Book on many occasion?. He urged the society to put aside antiquated notions of dignity. The reforms of the law must come from tlie humble, workiog members of the profession. The members who signed the requisition upon which the meeting had been convened were ot the rank and file, and experienced tbe respon. sibility of interpreting laws which were not to be adminis tered in London only, but in the provinces, where tbe flower of the profession praotised in the minor courts. If the solicitors were properly represented the public would soon understand that, although the costs of litigation were heavy, they were desirous of diminishing them and also of diminishing litigation, notwithstanding that their costs would necessarily be reduced at the outset. The law could be m de more costly, more expeditions, and yet more profitable ti th« lawyer. Let them carry the motion and prove to the Government that they were not in the rear in public opinion, but were prepared to lead it, and to do so to the entire esusfaotion of tbe nation.
Mr. J. Mote seconded the motion, and objeoted to tbe committee as he had a dislike to anything of a secret character, and to being bonnd to trust implioity in any persons, however high their station. He thought that neither the solioitors nor the public were sufficiently represented upon it, and thought it would give great confidence to the general publio if the name of Buoh a person as Samuel Morley had been placed upon it.
Mr. Ford moved an amendment, "That this sooiety, whilst appreciating the oourtesy of the Lord Chancellor in appointing a Legal Procedure Committee, regrets that so few solicitors were appointed to serve thereon, and especially that neither the president nor vioe-president of this society were so appointed." He thought the meeting was muoh indebted to Mr. Kimber. He was opposed, however, to the resolution, as they had not the report of the committee before them and they ooald not say whether it wonld be satisfactory or otherwise. The position of the president for the time being had been duly recognized in the recent Bill for altering the remuneration of solicitors in conveyancing matters. He suggested that Mr. Kimber should withdraw his proposition for the appointment of a Royal Commission, at any rate, for the moment. If they adopted the motion, they might be told that they were acting prematurely and unwisely.
Mr. J. Indermaur seconded the amendment. He asserted "that far too much attention was 'paid to the bar and far too little to the solicitors in these mitten. There was no need for the public to be represented on a committee of this character. The bar knew very little upon these matters as a rule. It was really the solicitors who were acquainted with the practical working of the law who were beat fitted to give an opinion. The motion was far too extensive in its character, but the amendment was a very reasonable one. What did the bar know as to the details of the profession P They knew literally nothing as far as the simplification of "the practice was concerned. In ordinary matters, in his opinion, the costs allowed to solicitors were quite inadequate, and the whole system of the conduct of an action might be very much amended. The solicitor branch ought to be so represented that the public might be made to know that they did not desire the increase of expense or the continuation of litigation, because the continuation of litigation ■was not to their interest. They trusted that they were honest men, and would not continue litigation to the detriment of their clients, but that would work more to the interest of the barrister than of the solicitor, to whose interest it was to simplify litigation and make it as cheap and expeditious as possible. The amendment would prove that the council were not always so active as they might be.
Mr. F. K. Mdnton thought that the amendment would more adequately meet the circumstances of the case than the motion. He quite agreed that it was very undesirable that the members of the society should do or say anything that was likely to affect the conduct of the society as a whole, and although it might be said that the council had not so actively looked into the matter as some members might have liked, yet having appointed their representatives, if they complained of them, it should be done rather by way of a recommendation to them to consider it. He was strongly opposed to a motion being passed that looked anything like an attack upon the council. Mr. Justice Bowen had complained, according to a report in the Times of that morning, that his time was taken up for several hours in trying a case of tort respecting a very small matter, and the report seemed to allude to the folly of the solicitor in bringing such an action in a superior court. But it was next to impossible after the writ had been issued to take an action for tort which had been commenced in the superior court into a county court. He mentioned a case where the verdict was for £20, and the costs amounted to £96, but it was the Judicature Act that was in fault and not the solicitor.
Mr. W. Roberts (Debenham, Suffolk) was quite sure that everybody wished to pass a resolution that would be satisfactory to the general body of the profession, but oould not help thinking that the amend ment in its present form would be construed hy many of them and of the public as a mere wail. Many of the opinions expressed by Mr. Kimber had long been felt by country practitioners. He suggested that Mr. Kimber and Mr. Ford should combine to produce a resolution, and the meeting which had been called for a specific purpose would be productive of great good.
Mr. N. Haniiart could see nothing in the resolution attacking the council, and thought they should express an opinion as to the constitution of the committee before the report came out, because, if the committee happened to make some good suggestions, their opportunity would be lost. It was time that the public, should be made to understand that their interests were the interests of the solicitors. He held that litigation must always be expensive, as it was the application of expensively trained intellects to the dissection of very small affairs. There ought to be more -opportunity by a summary process of getting security for -costs. Fewer false claims would then be advanced, and
fewer false defences made, and enormous expense in litigation would be saved. He thought that the simplification of the procedure of the Mayor's Court should engage the attention of any committee now sitting. The time had arrived for energetio action on the part of the solicitor branch, in order that the public might generally know that they had their interests at heart as well as their own.
Mr. A. Beyfus hoped the motion would be carried for a Royal Commission. He regretted to have to say that it was to the interest of the barristers that solicitots should not be permitted to do the work that they ought to do. The scale of fees for drafts of length and difficulty was so low that they were obliged to send them to counsel to settle, and whilst they were not properly represented on the legal committees, this must continue to be the case. The public had no idea where the costs went to. The costs of an ordinary appeal would amount to £70 or £80, and only some £15, perhaps, would go to the solicitor ; but the public did not know this, and would not until the solicit' wwera more largely represented, and a commission appoiuted to consider the whole position of solicitors and barristers. The publio would get substantial justice when the solicitors had it, but Dot before.
Mr. Edwin Hughes moved the adjournment of the meeting in order that the council might have an opportunity of considering the amendment.
Mr. Low seconded the motion.
Mr. C. A. Betts thought the appointment of a Royal Commission would only shelve the matter for two or three years, and the motion for the adjournment would delay a question which solicitors had at their very hearts—the opprobrium which had been cast upon them for years past— whilst the amendment expressed regret and did nothing more. The question had beeu burked again and again, and this meeting proved the interest taken in it by solicitors. The council had not protected them in this or any other matter. (Question.) The taxing masters treated their costs as something to be redtioed under any circumstances, and the delays in payment were infinite, whilst no consideration whatever was paid to the interests of the working branch of the profession.
Mr. L. Emanuel spoke in the highest terms of the wisdom, sagacity, and higli-miudedness of the council, but there must be something in the traditions of the pla?e which had the unfortunate effect of enervating them, and these gentlemen for whom individually they had the highest respect, did net do collectively what they would do individually in conducting their own affairs. He felt sure the obnoxious certificate tax would be repealed if Parliament were properly approached, and the question of their relation with the other branch of the profession certainly required amendment. He wished they could meet as they were doing more frequently, and that the council would do more to advance the interests of the solicitors, and with the object of removing the mediteval prejudice which was felt against them.
Mr. Morgan suggested that the' first half of the motion should be combined with the amendment, and that the eeeond half of the motion, on which there would be probably some difference of opinion, should be moved separately. He did not concur in the observations which had beeu made which were detrimental to the council.
Mr. Melville Green (Worthing) thought the mode and time of proceeding was just one of those questions which had better be left to the council. Mr. Chamberlain had brought in a Bill dealing with bankruptcy reform, upon which he prided himself that he did not care for the advice of solicitors. At the present time the opinion of solicitors was at a lower point than usual with those in power ; there was, therefore, no use in carrying the proposition which was before the meeting. But it would come to pass that any legal reforms which had not the assistance of their knowledge and experience must fail, and it was not for them to take an inopportune moment for protesting when they would be simply supposed to be grumbling.
Mr. T. H. Devonshire was desirous the meeting should not make a serious mistake. If the council would tell them that they really would give the subject their earnest and prompt consideration, and call them together again, without unreasonable delay, it was their duty and to their interest to adjourn. He was quite sure no one in the room desired to make any serious complaint against the councilMr. Kimber entirely agreed with the amendment; but alter what had been said, thought it better to adjourn. He thought himself as good a judge as Mr. Chamberlain of the way in which public opinion was likely to move, and did not care for his boasting in the House of Commons.
Mr. W. M. Waltbks, speaking as a member of the council, thought that they would like to have an opportunity of consulting with each other, as they had not known the nature of the resolutions to he submitted to the meeting until they entered the hall. He was in accord with much that had been said, bat there might be other questions which it was necessary to consider. They might all assent to the principle involved in the resolutions, but they ought not to be so placed that they would be compelled to do something which wonld injure the responsible position they oooupied. The council were at present in amicable conBnltation with Lord Coleridge and other authorities, and they must be cautious. The effeot of the discussion would doubtless be beneficial, but if the conclusions they were to arrive at were postponed for a fortnight it would have all the necessary effeot. He hoped they would not determine upon anything that day which would look as if they were offended because the president was not on the committee, and that they were showing their spite by endeavouring to throw discredit on the committee.
Mr. Grinham Keen, also a member of the council, said that large committees of the society were always formed whenever important questions were to be oonsidered, as was the case when the charter of the society was altered, and when Lord Selborne's School of Law Bill was before Parliament, and these committees rendered great assistance to the council. The suggestions of the members would always receive every consideration at the hands of the council, as had been the case with regard to the suggestionB of the committees he had mentioned, which he thought were in every case adopted. Tf the members of the society and the members of the council worked together in the same direction, and aiding each other, a great deal of good wonld result.
The President observed that he felt his position a very peculiar one. He bad the honour to be the president of the sooiety, and as such he oocupied the ohair, and not merely as president of the council. At the same time, the meeting would readily imagine that for the last nine or ten months the functions of the president of the council bad not been slight. He was the executive of the council, and had to carry into effect the determinations of the cooncil; and at the present moment he was necessarily, perhaps, better acquainted than any one present with the difficulties that were in the way, and, he hoped he might venture to say, with what wonld be best for the profession at large. He trusted they would give him the credit that, being in this anomalous position, he intended what he said for the benefit of the whole of the profession, and not of the society alone, and as the representative of both. And he said, honestly and sincerely, that they had better net pass any resolution that day. Mr. Green bad supposed that Mr. Chamberlain had said something which he did not say. Tbe Bankruptcy Bill was founded almost entirely on the suggestions of the council, and it was quite a mistake to suppose that he had ever said anything disrespectful concerning them. There never was a period in the history of the society when they had more influence than at the present moment. If this resolution were passed tbe members would put themselves in antagonism with the council. He bad said tbey had great influence, and were represented on the Costs of Litigation Committee; but if they were to recommend a Royal Commission, on the ground substantially thi.t they were not sufficiently represented upon it, they would be doing muoh harm. The meeting objected that it was a secret committee. All committees must be secret. They did not publish what they had resolved upon until they bad made their report. When tbe Judicature Committee sat tbe council had only two members npon it. If it had sat twenty years since they would hare had none. Why should the president of the sooiety be on the committee? He was a conveyancing man, and they had upon it one of the most competent members of the counoil in Mr. Hollams, and an eminent solicitor in Mr. Harrison. He wonld perhaps have liked three or four solicitors on the committee; but, as things went, he thought that was as many as they could fairly ask for. Therefore be did not like that a resolution should be passed asking for a Royal Commission. He thought it
would injure them with the Chancellor and with the Government, and lessen the influence they undoubtedly possessed at the present time. (Cries of " Adjourn.") He would advise them not to adjourn. The annual meeting would shortly be held, and if in tho meantime the counoil had not done what the members thought they ought to have done, let them say so. But Go not let them do anything to lessen the just influence which they bad exercised.
Mr. Hughes advised the adjournment, that the oonnoil might have an opportunity for discussion. He wonld go with them in everything, except delay.
The motion to adjourn tbe meeting for a fortnight wis oarried.
On the motion of Mr. Kimber, a vote of thanks was passed to the president, and the proceedings terminated.
Tuesday, May 10.—Mr. Bartlett in the ohsir.—ITr. C. P. Fielder was elected a membar. The adjourned debate npon the question, " Are the Governmeut proposals as to Irish land reform satisfactory?" was resumed. The discission was continued by Messrs. Lloyd Jones, Qreeo, Ellis, Beddoes, Eains-Jackson, W. F. Barry, and Napier; and tbe question on being put to the meeting was deoided in the negative by a majority of three vote*. The debate for next Tuesday, the 17th inst., will be upon the question, "That the polioy of tbe Government in South African affairs has not been worthy of approval."
A meeting of this society was held on Wednesday, the 9th inst, at the Law Institution, Mr. D'A. B. Collyer in tie chair, when the following question was discussed:—"Do" the word 'children' in the statute 22 & 23 Car. 2, c. 10, include only children legitimate according to English lav, or does it also include children legitimate according to the la* of the country where they are domiciled, but illegitimate according to English law p" Mr. Parker opened tbe discussion, and argued that the word " children" included only children legitimate according to English law. He *ai supported by Mestrs. Dale, Hart, Samuel, and S. A. Jones, and opposed by Messrs. Gatey, Jenks, and Hartrnm. Tbe opener replied, and after tbe chairman had summed up, the question was decided in favour of construing the word "children" so as to include only children legitimate according to English law, by a majority of four votes.
BIRMINGHAM LAW STUDENTS' SOCIETY. A meeting of the above sooiety was held on Tuesday last at the Law Library, Bennett's-hill, Birmingham, when T. Martineau, Esq., took the ohair, and the following moot point was disoussed :—"A. alights at tbe door of an ion, leaving his servant in charge of his horse and trap, with instructions not to move away. The servanr, contrary to such instructions, drives np and down the road, and in so doing negligently causes itijiry to B. Is A. liable for the injury so caused by his servant?" The speakers on the affirmative were Messrs. Vinoe, G. T. Edwards, Shale, Rowlands, Platnauer, Kyland, and Ludlow. The sneakers on the negative were Messrs. Corbe't, Hoggins, Swinsoa, and Smitb. After an address from tbe chairman, tbe question was pot to tbe meeting, and oarried in the sffinnative by a large majority. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the meeting.
HOUSE OF COMMONS. New Standing Order. The following Standing Order was agreed to on the 10th of March:—"The municipal or other local authority of any town or diatriot alleging in their petition that such town or diatriot may be injuriously affooted by the provision of any Bill relating to the lighting or water supply thereof, or the raising of oapital for a*-y suoh purpose, ehall be entitled to be beard against each Bill."
Mr. Justice Kay has received the honour of Knighthood. Mr. Richard Bullock Andrews, Q.C., has been appointed a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of the Colony of South Australia. Mr. Justice Andrews was called to the bar at Adelaide in 1857. He was created a Queen's Counsel for the colony in 1865, and he has held the office of Attorney-General. He has been Crown Solicitor and Public Prosecutor since 1870.
Mr. Arthur Joseph Ellis, solicitor, of Maidstone, has been appointed Clerk to the Maidstone Burial Board. Mr. Ellis w8S admitted a solicitor in 1878.
Mr. Ernest Hepburn, solicitor, of Haslemere, has been appointed a Commissioner to administer Oaths in the Supreme Court of Judicature.
Mr. Griffith Jones, solicitor, of Aberystwith, has been up pointed a Perpetual Commissions for Cardigamhire, for taking the Acknowledgments of Deeds by Married Women.
Mr. W. E. A. Kime, Tolicitos, of 49, Bedford-row, W.C., has been appointed a Perpetual Commissioner in and for the County of Middlesex and the Cities of London and Westminster. Mr. Kime was admitted in Easter Term, 1875.
Mr. Alfred Bray Kempe, barrister, has been appointed Secretary to the Eoyal Commission on the Ecclesiastical Courts. Mr. Kempe is the son of the Eev. John Edward Xc-mpe, rector of St. James's, Piccadilly. He was educated at .Si. Paul's School, and he was formally scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated ns a wrangler in 1872. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in Michaelmas Term, 1873. Mr. Kempe is a member of the W. stern Circuit, and he was formerly one of the staff of the "weekly Reporter.
Mr. Charles Henry Leemino, solicitor, of Halifax, haa beee appointed a Commissioner fur taking Bail and Affidavits in the Supreme Court of the Colony of Queensland.
Mr. Alexander Campbell Onslow, Attorney-General of West Australia, has been appointed to act as Chief Justice of that colony. Mr. Onslow was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in Michaelmas Term, 1868. He was for several years Attorney-General of British Honduras, and he was appointed Attorney-General of West Australia about a year ago.
Mr. Thomas Charles Scanlen, who has been appointed Prime Minister and Attorney-General for the Cape Colony, practises as a solicitor at Cape Town, and is c member of the Colonial House of Assembly.
Mr. Francis Summers, solicitor, of Hull and Grimsby, ha* been elected an Alderman for the Borough of Kingsionupon-Hull. Mr. Summers was admitted a solicitor in 1857.
Birmingham . v:, Midland Counties I, - Mi And In. •: \ - AsSociation, Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 3, directed to bo heard before too M.R. on May li. Robinson and Co, Lincoln's inn fields, solicitor for the petitioner
Bi Kingkam Brewing, Malting, A.vd Distilling Company, Limited.—Creditors are required, on or before June 15, to send their names and addresses, and tho particulars of their debts or claims, to John Percivall, Colmore row, Birmingham, and Edwin Hooper, Harborne, Stafford. June 30 at 3 is appointed for hearing and adjodicating upon the debts and claims
Carriage Co-operative Supplv Association, Limited.—Tho M.R. has fixed May 1G at 11 at his chambers for the appointment of an official liquidator
Oakham Collieries Company, Limited.—Creditors are required on or before June 3, to send their names and addresses and tho particulars of their debts or claims, to Charles Frederick Finney, 12, St George's crescent, Liverpool* June 17 at 11 is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon tho debts and claims
iOasette, May 6.]
Anglo-Via ann An FRBBnoLD Land Company, Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 6, directed to be heard before Hall, V.C., on May 20. Rooko and Sons, Lincoln's inn fields, solicitors for the petitioners
Cleddau Valley Slate Quarries Company, Limited.—By an order made by the M.R., dated Apr 30, it was ordered that tho company be wound up. Andrew and Co, Great James st, Bedford row, solicitors for the petitioners
Clivigeb Cotton Shed Company, Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 7, directed to be hoard )>efore the M.R. on May 21. Milne and Co, Harcourt bdgs, agents for Creeke and Sandy, Burnley, solicitors for the petitioner
Gaewbux Slatf Quarry Company', Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 7, directed to 1k> heard before Hall, V.C.. on May 20. Hepburn and Co, Bird-in-Hand ct, Chcapaide, solicitor for the petitioner
Llandrindod Wells Freehold Land And Building Company, Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 0, directed to be heard before Hall, V.C., on May 20. Vaiiderpump, Gray's inn 8q, solicitor for the petitioner
Manchester Val De Travbra Paving Company, Limited.— Petition for tho compnlsory winding up or for the present voluntary winding ap to be continued, presented May 9, directed to bo heard before the M.R. on May 20. Bolton and Co, Lincoln's inn fields, agents for Symonds/Manchester, solicitor for the petitioner
New Victoria Salt Company, Limited.—By an order made by Bacon, V.C., dated Apr 30, it was ordered that the voluntary winding up of the company be continued. Heliums and Co, Mincing lane, solicitors for the petitioner
Penarth Ihon And Steel Company, Limited.—Petition for winding up, preseuted May 9, directed to be heard before Fry, J., on May 20. Marsland, St Swithin's lane, agent for Addleshaw and Warburton, Manchester, solicitors for tho petitioner
Thorp's Gawder Hall Collieries, Limited.—Hall, V.C, has by an order, dated May 0, appointed Thomas Young Strachan, Newcastle upon Tyne, to be official liquidator
Tramway Stabting And Stopping Company, Limited.—Petition for winding up, presented May 5, directed to be heard before the M.R. on May 21. Randall anil Augier, Gray's iun pi, petitioners in person
Western Distbict Co-operative Society, Limited.—By an order made by Hall, V.C., dated Apr 20 it was ordered that the society be wound up. Finch, Borough High st, solicitor for the petitioner
Gazette, May 10.]
Unlimited In Chancery.
Oldfield-boad Loan Society.—The M.R. has by an order, dated Apr 12, apppointed George Alfred Pack wood, 28, Hampson st, Salford to be official liquidator
[Gazette, May C] Patent Composite Fire Light Comp Iny.—Petition for winding up presented May 7, directed to be hoard before the V. C. on May 20. Bradley, Mark lune, solicitor for the petitioner
[Gazette, May 10.] County Palatine Of Lancaster. Well And Galloway, Limited.—Petition for the continuing of the voluntary winding up, presented May 4, directed to be heard before the V. C. on May 14, at St Georgc'sHall, Liverpool. Bateson and Co, Liverpool, solicitors for the jtctitiouers
IGazette, May 9.] Fhieudly Societies Dissolvm*. Alfbeton And District Land Investment Society,Limited. Local _ Board Office, Alfreton, Derby. May 4
Co-operative Productive Manufacturing Society, Limited,
Albert st, Newton Heath, Lancaster. Apr 28 Court Banks Of The Wiiahfe, Race Horses Inn, Kettlewell, York. May 4
SisTtRs' United Ttmplars' Mutual Benefit Society, Missionroom, Mill st, Toxteth park, Liverpool. May 2
Widows* And Orphans Institution*, Manchester Order of Odd Fellows, Commercial chbrs, Temple st, Birmingham, Apr 30
IGazette, May 0.]
MR. GEORGE BROOKE NELSON. Mr. George Brooke Nelson, solicitor, registrar of tho Dawsbury County Court, died at his residence,Denieou Hall, Leeds, on the 5 th iust., from an attack of apoplexy. Mr. Nelson was born at Nottingham in 1801. lie was admitted a solicitor in 1828, and he soon afterwards went into partnership with Mr. Hemingway, of Leeds, to whom he had been articled. The partnership was dissolved in 1839, and about seventeen years later Mr. Nelson was joined by the late Mr. John Bulmtr, and mure recently his ton, Mr. George Ilird! Nelson, who was admitted a solicitor in 1S5S, and is steward of the Manor of Hunslet, became a member of the firm. Mr. Nelson was a perpetual commissioner for the


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Career Discovery Week at Tyler
July 6-10
Come learn about some of Tyler's most in-demand majors during career-specific virtual information sessions. Hear from faculty about the classes you'll take and the career options you'll have after graduating from Tyler or successfully transferring. Plus, you'll learn about what sets Tyler apart – our friendly, supportive community, our partnerships with local employers, high-value programs and flexible options for achieving success. Each hour-long session ends with time for your questions.
Can't make it? Sessions will be recorded. Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and we'll send you the sessions of interest to you.
July 6
Psychology with Dr. Christopher Brady
1 p.m.
Tyler's Psychology AS is a two-year associate's degree that prepares students to transfer to a four-year institution to major in psychology, and many other related subjects like law, HR or communications. In this session you will learn more about the program specifics and the opportunities offered to Tyler students pursuing psychology.
Business with Dr. Nikki Hicks
3 p.m.
Tyler's Business Administration AS is a two-year degree program that prepares students to transfer to a four-year college to major in business administration, accounting, economics, finance, marketing or management. In this session, you'll learn more about how Tyler's business program provides students with a clear pathway to a career and/or a transfer to top schools in Virginia using guaranteed admissions agreements.
Funeral Services with Sam Rhue
6 p.m.
Tyler's funeral services program is set up to meet the needs of students throughout Virginia and neighboring states through fully online instruction. This session will provide information about the educational requirements to become a licensed funeral director in Virginia, the required courses in the program, and the funeral services internship program offered at Tyler.
July 7
Nursing/Nurse Aide with Tammy Colatruglio
1 p.m.
Tyler's nursing program has an excellent reputation in our community for graduating career-ready, professional registered nurses. The nursing program is nationally accredited by a reputable nursing program accrediting agency, and our students' success rate for passing the nurse licensure exam is consistently over 90%. Join us to learn more about how Tyler can help you achieve your goal of starting a career in the medical field.
Theatre, Music and Visual Arts with Kerrigan Sullivan
3 p.m.
Tyler offers many opportunities in visual and performing arts including studio arts, web design, graphic design, film, photography, music, theatre, and mass communications. Our courses are taught by industry experts using state-of-the-art equipment and facilities, including an art gallery and a black box theatre. Learn more about how our arts programs provide students with a clear pathway to a career and/or a transfer to top schools in Virginia using guaranteed admissions agreements.
Massage Therapy with Sara Rennie
6 p.m.
Massage therapy is a fast-growing profession with opportunities in many different environments including hospitality/resorts, wellness/med spas, hospital/rehabilitation, and professional sports. Learn about how our program teaches a wide range of skills, techniques, and treatment planning, so that you are able to obtain a license and build a successful career upon program completion.
July 8
Criminal Justice with Mike Sorensen
1 p.m.
The criminal justice program at Tyler is dedicated to offering high-quality education to students in law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Both the AAS degree and CSC in Criminal Justice are available fully online and face-to-face. In this session you will learn how our program explores the criminal justice system's role within society and emphasizes criminology, juvenile justice, criminal and constitutional law, investigative principles, ethics and community relations.
Engineering and Computer Science with Dr. Anna Bampton and Brenda Miller
3 p.m.
Join us to learn about Tyler's engineering and computer science transfer programs. Our instructors teach university-level content in small classes, providing an opportunity for personal relationships. In this session, we will discuss requirements (including math placement), course offerings for computer science and the different engineering disciplines, and the AS-to-BS guaranteed admissions transfer path.
General Studies and Transfer with Kirstin Pantazis
6 p.m.
Did you know Tyler has 35+ guaranteed transfer agreements – some in specific majors - to Virginia's top colleges and universities? Come learn how you can start your college career at Tyler, save money, and benefit from our small class sizes, leadership opportunities and grants/scholarships just for transfer students.
July 9
Skilled Trades with John Lipp
1 p.m.
Do you enjoy using both your hands and your mind to solve problems? Are you seeking hands-on training that does not fit a traditional college format, where you earn a college credential and valuable industry certifications at the same time? A career in the skilled trades may be a great fit for you. Tyler works directly with local businesses to train highly employable graduates in building construction/CAD, electricity, HVAC, machining, mechanical technology and welding.
Sciences with Dr. Tiffany Randall
3 p.m.
Tyler's Science AS degree can be used to transfer into science bachelor's degrees at most four-year colleges. Possible majors include biology, chemistry, physics, forensic science, pre-med, environmental science and geology. Join us for an overview of Tyler's programs/majors offered in our Science, Health and Human Services division with emphasis on the science curriculum. Additionally, you'll hear about scholarships, transfer opportunities and internships specifically for STEM students.
Skilled Trades with John Lipp
6 p.m.
Do you enjoy using both your hands and your mind to solve problems? Are you seeking hands-on training that does not fit a traditional college format, where you earn a college credential and valuable industry certifications at the same time? A career in the skilled trades may be a great fit for you. Tyler works directly with local businesses to train highly employable graduates in building construction/CAD, electricity, HVAC, machining, mechanical technology and welding.
July 10
Information Technology with Sam Benke
1 p.m.
IT is an ever-evolving field, and Tyler has made several exciting changes with the introduction of Amazon Web Services and cloud computing. We have also added Python and Linux to our curriculum, which will give students skills to pursue a career in networking, cybersecurity, or cloud computing as well as programming. In this session you will learn about certificate and associate degree options in IT, including our new Cloud Computing CSC beginning in spring 2021.
EMS/Paramedic with Winnie Dunn
3 p.m.
Tyler's emergency medical services programs use dedicated labs, a mobile ambulance simulator, and an array of high-fidelity manikins to simulate real-world experiences. In this session, you'll learn how we train students for success in the field and our partnerships with local community Fire/EMS departments. Join us to learn how to get started with our Emergency Medical Services/Paramedic AAS program.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
14.75 in. x 6.25 in. Christmas Nutcracker 3D Centerpiece (2-Pack)
Bring the Christmas cheese with this Tinsel Nutcracker Decoration. This fun tinsel decoration is designed to look like a smiling nutcracker with an embellished red jacket and black soldier hat. Use this nutcracker as a table centerpiece or include it in your holiday decor to add a traditional sparkle.
Browse all deals at Home Depot
See more in Seasonal Ornaments & Decor
* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Home Depot to confirm actual price & availability.
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The EBC Orangestuff Brake Pads were formulated for scrubbing off speed on the track. EBC has perfected the compound for extreme track use The high friction material used in the Orangestuff brake pad has been designed to deliver high amounts of cold braking power that stays consistent even when braking tempuratures start to increase. EBC Orangestuff also lasts up to 40-60% longer than other pads making them great for hardcore racers.
The Orangestuff Brake Pad is EBC's most aggressive pad so far and has amazing braking power for track situations. However this pad is not street legal and due to the nature of the Orangestuff Compound it is not ment for street driving of any kind.
A certified mechanic is always recommended to perform the installation and initial break in steps of your new EBC Orangestuff Race Brake Pads. These Pads are a direct replacement so there is no modification needed, but having them installed by a certified mechanic ensures proper braking characteristics. If you have any questions or concerns about the EBC Orangestuff Pads give our EBC Brake Experts a call. 800-322-8578
EBC Brakes manufacturers the largest range of disc brake pads and brake rotors in the world with over 5,000 part numbers for every type of moving vehicle. In our UK factories, we produce 100% of our own disc brake pads. EBC Brakes is an independently owned and managed leader in the brake market. We are proud of our customers, our success, and our employees.
This product complies with our standard Return and Exchange Policy.
For returns or exchanges, fiirst complete the Return Form or contact us at 1-800-322-8578 to receive a Return Material Authorization Number (RMA#) before returning any products for credit or exchange.
Click Here to view our full Return Policy.
Copyright © Rotors. All Rights Reserved.


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The energy consumption of Bitcoin is an economic imperative Hi its Keir FinlowBates here, and today a article on request to talk about the energy consumption of the Bitcoin network, and I think the issue here is its just an economic fact that the level of energy spent on mining Bitcoin is going to be spent because of the returns that are to be made, and there is an absolute parallel between the mining of Bitcoin and the mining of gold in this respect. Subject to a certain lag because it takes a time to respond to the market, the fact is that if the value of, or rather if the price of Bitcoin goes up, or if the price of gold goes up then more people are going to spend money on mining it, and that is just a basic fact: if you know that there is a scarce commodity out there that you can spend money on in order to obtain it, and the amount of money you have to spend to obtain it is less than the amount that its worth, then people will go out and do that. And this is why when I see articles about Intel announces new more efficient Bitcoin mining processor or Bitmain has new improved mining equipment, it doesnt matter, it really doesnt matter in Bitcoin whether there are billions of hashes being performed every second or billions of billions of hashes, the only thing the matters is what proportion of the hashing are you as a miner engaged in. So when a new mining equipment rig is launched the miners all have to upgrade because theyre all competing against each other and if they dont, their share drops so theres nothing that improving mining equipment can do to reduce the power cost.
In fact theres nothing that can be done to reduce the energy consumption that is occurring due to the mining of Bitcoin other than for the price or the value of Bitcoin to drop dramatically. If the price of Bitcoin drops to a hundredth of what it is today then the energy expended on mining it will also, subject to the lag in responding to the market, the energy spent on mining will also drop to a hundredth. And thats why Bitcoin is consuming the equivalent of the energy consumption of small countries like Ireland or Switzerland, because the price on the amount of Bitcoin that is generated each day is one point something times the amount of money that is spent on powering one of these small countries. If the amount of Bitcoin you can get in a day has a price tag of 4 billion on it and then 3.5 billion is going to be spent in mining it.
If the price of Bitcoin that can be produced in one day is four thousand dollars and then the amount that will be spent is going to be about three and a half thousand. Its just simple economic fact. And exactly the same thing is going on with gold we have far more gold then we have any industrial use for, and were still digging it up out of the ground and the reason is because theres a price on gold. And therefore it makes economic sense to do it even if some aliens looking at us from outer space would be scratching their heads possibly and thinking why are they doing this. Admittedly they would have to be living in some kind of socialist utopia where money wasnt important, but theres no real use for this gold, theres no real use for this Bitcoin other than as a store of value, and actually that happens to be a very useful thing, which is why we do it.
So thats my take on the energy consumption theres nothing we can do to decrease it. Making better mining equipment wont help. Even banning the mining activities by governments means it will just move elsewhere where its not banned. The only thing that can be done to reduce the powerhungriness of Bitcoin is for its price to plummet.
And thats my take on the energy consumption issue. Its a shame but thats the way it is. Bye for now!


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July 1
Pere Ubu. Club Café
Oxymorrons. Diesel
Kahil El Zabar's Ritual Trio. First Unitarian Church
David Gerald. The Frick Art & Historical Center
Billy Joel. PNC Park
Child Bite. The Smiling Moose
July 2
Upchurch The Redneck. Altar Bar
Civil Twilight. Club Café
The Bleil Brothers. Riverview Park
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. South Park Amphitheater
July 3
Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. Hartwood Acres
Community Band South. Mellon Park
Green River CCR Tribute. Rivers Casino
Peter Mawanga & The Amaravi Movement. St. Clair Park
Weezer, Panic! At the Disco. Stage AE
July 4
Bon Journey. Rivers Casino
July 5
Brand New, Modest Mouse. Stage AE
July 6
Melodime. Club Café
Jahouija Bones. Schenley Park
Alexander Jean. Hard Rock Café
Back to the Future with the PSO. Heinz Hall
Mark Strickland. James Street
The Yardbirds. Jergel's Rhythm Grille
Guided By Voices. Mr. Smalls Theatre
July 7
Sharam. Altar Bar
Go Fight!, Interface, The Dark Clan, Spider Lillies. Cattivo
Mothers. Club Café
Hey Monea. Hard Rock Café
Peter Cetera. Heinz Hall
Darryl & Kim. The Palace Theatre
AWOLNATION. Stage AE
July 8
KT Tunstall. Altar Bar
Richie Ramone. Cattivo
Callan. Club Café
Def Leppard, REO Speedwagon, Tesla. First Niagara Pavilion
Dancing Dream. St. Clair Park
The Bad Plus. South Park Amphitheater
July 8-9
Deutschtown Music Festival. Multiple venues
July 9
Culture Shock, World/Inferno Friendship Society. Cattivo
The Iguanas. Club Café
Dave Matthews Band. First Niagara Pavilion
Tony Bennett. Heinz Hall
The Temptations. The Palace Theatre
Liz Longley. Pittsburgh Winery
Jay Vonada Trio. Riverview Park
July 10
letlive. Altar Bar
John Carpenter. Carnegie of Homestead Music Hall
Delta Rae, Jeanne Jolly. Hartwood Acres
River City Brass. Mellon Park
Hurray For The Riff Raff. Mr. Smalls Theatre
Beagle Brothers. Shadyside Nursery
Undergang, Spectral Voice. Spirit
July 12
Future Thieves. Club Café
Guns N' Roses. Heinz Field
July 13
James McMurtry. Club Café
Justin Bieber. Consol Energy Center
The Dead & Company. First Niagara Pavilion
L'Lamint. Schenley Park
New View Trio. James Street
Old Soles and Seedy Players. Spirit
Ryan Adams, Noel Gallagher. Stage AE
July 14
Macy Gray. Carnegie of Homestead Music Hall
Nelly. Heinz Hall
Molly Hatchet. Jergel's Rhythm Grille
Diluted Youth. Mellon Square
Bad Boy Blues Band. The Palace Theatre
Fitz & the Tantrums. Stage AE
July 15
Los Lonely Boys. Altar Bar
Tiny Rhythm. Bayardstown Social Club
Speedy Ortiz, Alex G. Cattivo
Shakey Graves. Club Café
Vans Warped Tour. First Niagara Pavilion
Bel Suono Ensemble. The Frick Art & Historical Center
T'Monde. Pittsburgh Winery
Girls Guns and Glory. St. Clair Park
Randy Bachman, Bill Toms & Hard Rain. South Park Amphitheater
Black Lips. Spirit
July 15-17
Ladyfest. Multiple locations
July 16
Journey, The Doobie Brothers. First Niagara Pavilion
The Magical Music of Harry Potter. Heinz Hall
Simon and Garfunkle Tribute. James Street
Don't Look Back Boston Tribute. Rivers Casino
Kenny Blake. Riverview Park
The Ruins of Beverast. The Smiling Moose
July 17
Hey Mercedes, Prawn. Club Café
Steely Dan. First Niagara Pavilion
The Ohio Players. Hartwood Acres
Tom Roberts and the Allegheny City Ragtime Orchestra. Mellon Park
Dawes, Kathleen Edwards. Mr. Smalls Theatre
Feed More Festival. Stage AE
July 18
Intronaut. Altar Bar
Kian & JC. Carnegie of Homestead Music Hall
White Denim. Club Café
July 19
John Moreland. Club Café
Disturbed, Breaking Benjamin. First Niagara Pavilion
July 20
GumBand. Schenley Park
Moose Blood. The Smiling Moose
July 21
The Paper Kites. Club Café
Heart, Joan Jett and The Blackhearts, Cheap Trick. First Niagara Pavilion
The Music of the Eagles with the PSO. Heinz Hall
Mike Adams at His Honest Weight. Howlers
Nobel Hops Band. Mellon Square
The Bricks. The Palace Theatre
July 22
Amy Winehouse Tribute. Altar Bar
Red Western. Bayardstown Social Club
Quilt. Club Café
Luke Bryan. First Niagara Pavilion
Penntera: A Tribute to Pantera. Hard Rock Café
The Music of David Bowie with the PSO. Heinz Hall
Jam Messengers. Howlers
Kaleo. Mr. Smalls Theatre
The Honey Island Swamp Band. St. Clair Park
Summer of Love Experience. South Park Amphitheater
July 22-24
RePunk Festival. Multiple locations
July 23
The Mutiny. Club Café
Luke Bryan. First Niagara Pavilion
PSO Classical Summer Party. Heinz Hall
Roger Humphries & RH Factor. Riverview Park
The Gibson Brothers. The Roots Cellar at Pittsburgh Center for the Arts
July 24
Josh Ritter & The Royal City Band. Hartwood Acres
Aeolian Winds. Mellon Park
Meeting of Important People. Shadyside Nursery
Wet Brain. Spirit
Melanie Martinez. Stage AE
July 25
Daughter, Julien Baker. Mr. Smalls Theatre
Bloc Party. Stage AE
July 26
All Them Witches, King Buffalo. Club Cafe
Janet Jackson. Consol Energy Center
Parachute. Mr. Smalls Theatre
July 27
Jon Bellion. Altar Bar
Mobley. Diesel
The Squirrel Hillbillies. Schenley Park
Diet Cig. Spirit
July 28
Femi Kuti and the Positive Force. Altar Bar
Artist TBA. Mellon Square
Gary Pratt. The Palace Theatre
Lindsey Stirling. Stage AE
July 29
Drake Vs. Kanye Night. Altar Bar
Unknown String Band. Bayardstown Social Club
Lisa Ferraro, Erick Luckett. Club Cafe
HillSong United. Consol Energy Center
The Regan Years. Jergel's Rhythm Grille
Kelsey Waldon. St. Clair Park
The Cactus Blossoms. South Park Amphitheater
Bush, Chevelle. Stage AE
July 30
The Besnard Lakes. Club Café
Slipknot, Marilyn Manson. First Niagara Pavilion
Lee Robinson, Iska. Riverview Park
July 31
Plebeian Grandstand. Black Forge Coffee House
Randall Baumann's Ramble. Hartwood Acres
Big Bad Voodoo Daddy. Jergel's Rhythm Grille
Klezlectic. Mellon Park


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Oris Artelier Calibre 111-Golden Moments
Oris's Artelier Calibre 111 is one of the most important watches the independent Swiss watch company has ever made.
It heralds the revival of Oris as the developer of series-produced, in-house developed movements, and, with its 10-day power reserve and patented non-linear power reserve indicator, showcases the company's innovative spirit.
Now, Oris has added unique model to the line, which combines a stainless steel case with gold-plated hands and hour markers.
Oris Artelier Calibre 111
Ref. No. 01 111 7700 4021 LS
Material Multi-piece stainless steel case
Size 43.00 mm, 1.693 inches
Top Glass Sapphire, domed on both sides, anti-reflective coating inside
Case Back Stainless steel, screwed, see-through sapphire glass
Operating Devices Stainless steel crown
Water Resistance 3 bar
Interhorn Width 23 mm
Number Oris 111
Development Fully developed by Oris
Dimensions Ø 34.00 mm, 15'''
Functions Centre hands for hours and minutes, subsidiary second at 9 o'clock, 10-day power reserve, patented nonlinear power reserve indication at 3 o'clock, date window, date corrector, fine timing device and stop-second
Winding Hand winding
Power-Reserve 240 hours
Vibrations 3 Hz (21'600 A/h)
Jewels 40
Design Silver dial
Luminous Material Hands Super-LumiNova® C3 Green Line
Numerals/Indices Applied, 4N gold-plated
Bracelet Stainless steel bracelet, butterfly folding clasp
Strap Dark brown croco leather strap, stainless steel folding
Extras Special luxury wooden presentation box


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If you think it is too hard to come home and do even more work, then you should ask yourself if you really have what t takes mint surveys make fast cash. Although signing up to these sites may be easy, fetching money from them will require you to have good writing skills. Find out 3 easy ways to do market research to gather the information you need to reach out to those new clients. She would do anything for her children. 1 priority and they offer instant rewards processing so that you can get your money as fast as possible. I appreciate the alone time to do my stuff cause when he's around I don't get that personal time. We suggest putting things on your blog that will make a user want mint surveys come back so you can get more money.
3 Production, Subsection 4. To get the mint surveys stuff, a visitor has to subscribe. You can rest mint surveys that you will not have a moment's peace till you have taken your children to see the movie. If not, you'll still be able to take home something great. (2:19) The day will come when the Lord will pass His judgment. We could buy two Air units and and still not exceed the price of mint surveys Dyson. Mary Burns offers, for a limited time, a series of training videos at mint surveys cost, 100 visit web page, on how to start an online business from scratch. You can sell paperback, hard cover and e-books through their site. If you're in this boat, consider using an online mint surveys maker or logo generator.
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mint surveys is unverifiable and not documented in any way. I am a survey programmer at an MNC, i work for 9 hours a day in the office then come home and work for another 2 to 3 hours on blogs and website development. With a library that regularly grows and now covering online games, downloadable games and even mobile games you'll find your platform covered by the Big Fish Games team. You just have to register with a survey site mint surveys get survey assignments. Apart from this one can also make money by playing online real money mint surveys. Buying a mint surveys van is an option but comes with inherent problems. | As for American "exceptionalism" our wealth was built on the backs of slaves while we expanded in our "manifest destiny" at the expense of the native populations who we nearly wiped out.
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"He won't listen to me, I'll call him but you need to call him". The voice on the other end of the phone was stern, with a "wait until your father gets home" tone, fraught with worry and activated concern and coming from 6ft blonde, stunningly beautiful former Fox News anchor, Laurie Dhue. She was talking about our son, our black son, who had just posted an incendiary comment about the latest young black man gunned down by police. Laurie wanted the post down, and really so did I, and not because we thought Andrew did anything wrong but because it causes us more
worry than it should and that worry is real. Our kid is taking an interest in politics and social change and as a Jesuit educated young man, he is supposed to do that and have a commitment to social justice. When you're black in America, the stakes are higher and when you have white parents enjoying white privileges, the whole thing can get muddled into a big family drama. "I don't disagree, yes, black lives do matter, why do you think we have made so many efforts for your black life"? I found myself saying to Andrew. To a college freshman, being told by your parents to take something off Facebook is met with eye rolling and ridicule, typical and appropriate late adolescent behaviors but is it crazy to ask when nearly 200 young black men have been killed by police in 2016?
Student protest is nothing new, it's something I fully support, standing up and being heard, working to right wrongs, and striving for social justice are all values instilled by the Jesuit education with which Andrew has been blessed. His participation in activism is what he is educated to do. I never realized that part of white privilege is sending your kid off to an elite university without worrying about them being shot. Of course all parents worry and parents of freshmen worry acutely with the newness of a child stepping into the world but suburban white people don't have to worry about their suburban white son being shot by police walking back to his dorm carrying "something" that "looked like a gun". White parents don't worry about their white son being tagged as a "militant" for participating in campus politics. White parents of white children don't have the achievement of elite university acceptance tarnished by the unspoken assumption that he was admitted to fill some quota. "oh, well, sure he got in" with the unspoken "because he's black". Of course elite universities are looking for black students but the 4.0 and AP courses don't hurt either. White parents do have to worry about drunk and inappropriate sexual activity but not at the same level as parents of a black boys. Any misstep and the consequences can be life altering. I sent Andrew and app called "we consent" it documents that any sexual activity was consensual. I was relieved when he said "I downloaded the app". "Good, use it" was my reply. A big believer in generational boundaries I don't want to hear any dorm gossip of who is sleeping with whom but I want to do what I can to negotiate these early days free of exploding land mines. All parents should worry about the binge drinking blurry boundary undergrad culture that can lead to severe consequences but I promise, suburban white parents don't have the the same stakes Laurie and I have with Andrew. When you're black in America, you don't have to actually do anything to be found guilty of something. All that has to happen is a white person has to say you're guilty. Take a look at "To Kill a Mockingbird" for an example.
Here's The Paranoid liberal problem, clashing with realistic concern
Maybe I'm a paranoid liberal? It's possible. I'm a walking cliche, I live in Brooklyn, I'm divorced, I write a blog, I live among hipsters and they cheer me on at soul cycle like they would their own dad. We dwell among cold brew coffee and artisanal crafted everything. When Andrew first came into our lives, I made big bold statements about racism and social justice at his his high school, St. Francis Xavier in NYC. A wise Jesuit priest said "let's worry about algebra for now". For some reason, I didn't worry too much about Andrew in NYC. For 12 hours a day he was at Xavier, a rigorous boys Catholic School comprised of more than 1/2 non white boys, more than 1/2 non Catholic and the first Catholic school to offer the "gay/straight alliance" as one of the student organizations. Xavier is as diverse as NYC and as committed to an egalitarian environment as there can be. Our limousine liberal Brooklyn neighborhood tapped into my ego with constant congratulatory adulation at our eclectic family. Andrew's admission to Georgetown was the crowning achievement that made a powerball odds idea, a reality. Then we are left with the current climate of race relations in America.
When blow hard boorish embodiment of American stupidity, Donald Trump, speaks about black people, white privilege allows for easy tune out of his comments. Not so when you think "hey that hooker-marrying-spray-tanned wing nut is talking about my kid". Trumps rhetoric is made more insulting by his "show us your papers, boy" mission to find Barack Obamas birth certificate. Mitt Romneys family was deeply involved in a fundamentalist sect of Mormonism in Mexico and yet, no call for Romney's birth certificate from Trump. Do any of us really know where Romney was born? Why didn't Trump investigate? Listening to Trump talk about black people in a room full of white people leads me to want to scream "9/10 of the poorest, most welfare dependent states with highest rates of gun violence vote for YOU!" Why is there no mention of social problems among white communities? We love talking about "the inner city". While ignoring that white communities have similar problems as some black communities. Where is the "inner city" anyway?
Some years back, Obama said "if I had a son, he would have looked like Trayvon". I have two boys, neither of them look like me. Nobody looks at Andrew and says "I'll bet he does well at Georgetown" they say "does he have a gun?" "Should we call the police?" "Is he going to rob me?" Worried? You bet we are and with good reason. One of the things that white privilege allows is the denial of white privilege. Think it's not real? Adopt a black Kid and find out.


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Full of fascinating facts and stories from around the world about animals, this book will change the way you look at animals. The shape of the triangle is determined by the lengths of the sides.
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Trending News
What is meant by "the observable universe"?
13 Answers
- 1 month ago
The observable universe is a spherical region of the universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.
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- FredLv 51 month ago
That would be defined by 1993 corrected Hubble Space Telescope.
That range could be expanded in the future.
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- RaymondLv 71 month ago
Imagine yourself on a ship, in the middle of some large ocean. At best, you can climb the 100-foot mast and see up to the horizon at 11 nautical miles in all directions (roughly 20 km). That is the "observable ocean".
You try to understand the area around you. You analyze the behavior of waves, for example. Building instruments (like binoculars) you explore the horizon and you see that waves are coming from beyond. You notice the difference between swell (from past winds) and waves (from present winds). In the end, you determine that the full ocean is more than the 20 km that you can observe.
Space is expanding. The expansion is taking place everywhere, including withing atoms and photons. The rate of expansion is linear. At the local scale, it is quite small (for example, over the height of an average human, over a period of 70 years, it amounts to the size of one atom).
Over long distances, it adds up.
Over a megaparsec (a million parsecs = 3.26 million light-years) it amount to roughly 70 km/s per second). Every second, there is 70 km more space over a distance of one million parsecs.
Over a distance of 13.8 billion ligth-years, the amount of new space being added every second is 300,000 km.
This is the speed of light (300,000 km/s). Any space that is beyond that distance will never be visible for us (the amount of space between us an "it" is growing at more than the speed of light).
Therefore, 13.8 billion light-years is the extent of the "observable universe".
Back to the ship: you see that waves coming over the horizon must have come from a part of the ocean that you cannot see. Even though the ocean you see (the observable ocean) is only 20 km in radius, you KNOW that the real ocean must be more than that.
In a similar way, astronomers have determined that the "real universe" is greater than the Observable Universe. We do not know how large the real universe is, but we have determined that it must be AT LEAST 3 times the size of the observable universe.
That is our dilemma. We see that what is going on in our universe can only be explained IF (this is a big "if") our universe is at least three times bigger than what we can see.
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- ZirpLv 71 month ago
That part of the universe from which light and other electromagnetic radiation has had enough time to reach us
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- 1 month ago
The Big Bang is probably something like a trillion times larger in radius (and a trillion trillion trillion times larger in volume) than the "observable Universe". Looking further and further out in distance, once you're looking out 13.7 billion lightyears you can see all the material whose light has had a chance to reach us in the age of the Universe. That's the observable Universe. But there's way way more stuff than that, due to the epoch of "early inflation" in the first fraction of a second of the Big Bang.
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- Jeffrey KLv 61 month ago
It is the part of the universe from which light has had time to reach us. Light that was emitted near the beginning of the universe has had 13 billion years to travel to us. But space has been expanding the whole time. So the objects that emitted that light are now 46 billion light years away. That is the observable universe.
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- Adullah MLv 71 month ago
This means ,there are still many non observable things in the universe remain ,outside the imagination and knowledge of mankind to fathom. For instance, those lives forms whom being created from the radiant and heat energy that are performing their missions without man knowing it, since mankind being created from the clay of earth who posses many limitations.
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- CliveLv 71 month ago
What it SAYS.....
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- DzeLv 71 month ago
we can only see so far .. and what we do see 'way out' is really just looking back in time the way it was when the light left its source ...
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Once upon a time, really rich people didn't work much at all: they had serfs, slaves, or other lower classes to do that for them. Everyone else, on the other hand, had to work all the time, because survival would be otherwise impossible. We've flipped that notion on its head these days, though. The billionaire's list is full of people who could stop tomorrow and never worry about another thing in their lives, but don't. And let's be honest: you don't need to be a billionaire to hit that level. Chances are, there are a few bankers, doctors, lawyers, or other hard workers in your life who could, realistically, stop, enjoy life, and never work again. But here's the thing: most of us don't do that.
So why do we work so hard to earn more money than we can realistically spend? A study published in Psychological Science sought to clarify the phenomena with a pretty simple set of experiments. In the first, they had participants simulate simple work/life balance by listening to music and earning chocolate. How's that work? Well, they were given a choice between listening to an obnoxious noise and earning chocolate (simulating work), or listening to pleasant music and getting no chocolate (simulating life). They were also divided into two groups: high-earners and low-earners. High earners had to listen to the obnoxious noise twenty times in order to earn their chocolate. By contrast, low-earners had to listen to it 120 times for the same reward. Participants were also told that they had to eat their chocolate at the lab; they couldn't take it with them when they were done.
You'd expect that participants would earn as much chocolate as they think they could eat and then call it a day and listen to pleasant music for the remainder of the experiment. However, people aren't especially rational. Participants ended up earning far more chocolate than they'd ever hope to eat, with high earners earning an average of 10.74 chocolates and eating only 4.26, meaning that they'd subjected themselves to unpleasantness for no concrete reward. Low-earners actually listened to roughly the same amount of obnoxious sound as their high-earning counterparts, but of course earned less. This suggests that both groups were just working as much as they thought they could, irrespective of the rewards. The researchers dubbed this "mindless accumulation".
In a second experiment, researchers introduced a cap on earnings. This time, two groups earned at the same rate, but one was given a message when they hit their earnings cap, and they other group had no such cap. Both were free to continue listening to the obnoxious noise, but of course, the first group stopped once they hit their cap. Afterward, the first group reported higher levels of happiness than the second group, who presumably still left chocolate on the table.


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The Commonwealth Court recently addressed a prevalent issue regarding the ramifications of language in Compromise & Release (C&R) agreements on supersedeas fund reimbursement in H.A. Harper Sons, Inc. v. WCAB.
The General Assembly originally created the supersedeas fund for the purpose of reimbursing, under prescribed circumstances, an employer who has been ordered to pay workers' compensation benefits that are later determined not to have been owed.
In the underlying case, the claimant filed a Claim Petition against the employer, which was granted by the WCJ. The employer appealed the WCJ's decision, challenging the calculation of the claimant's AWW. While the appeal was pending, the employer filed a termination petition. The parties then settled the case by way of compromise and release agreement.
Thereafter, the Board granted the employer's appeal of the Claim Petition, only as it related to the incorrect calculation of the claimant's AWW. The employer then filed the subject application, seeking reimbursement from the supersedeas fund for overpayment of compensation to the claimant as of result of the incorrect AWW calculation by the WCJ. The Commonwealth filed an answer denying that the employer was entitled to reimbursement from the fund, as the matter was settled by way of compromise and release. The Bureau assigned the application to the WCJ for a judicial determination, who granted the application. The Bureau appealed to the Board, which reversed the WCJ's decision.
In concluding that the employer was not entitled to reimbursement, the Board reasoned that the C&R agreement resolved all litigation and/or liability and that it was clear from the language of the C&R agreement that it was the final outcome of the proceedings.
On appeal to the Commonwealth Court, the employer argued that the C&R agreement did not settle the issue of the AWW calculation, and that following the approval of the C&R agreement the employer did not withdraw its appeal of the AWW issue pending before the Board.
The court noted that the question in this case was whether the C&R agreement settled the employer's challenge of the claimant's AWW. Focusing on the relevant provisions of the C&R agreement, the court concluded that the agreement did not settle the dispute as to the claimant's AWW.
The court reasoned that the C&R agreement arose out of a termination petition, which is a proceeding to cut-off future, not past, benefits. The parties agreed, in the C&R agreement, that the employer had paid all indemnity benefits due up to the date of the C&R agreement. The parties agreed to a single lump sum payment to the claimant "in an exchange for a compromise and release of all future wages." The court found that this language clearly indicated the parties' intent that the C&R agreement was executed to resolve only the employer's payment of future benefits.
The court also pointed out that in making its decision, the Board focused on the language in the agreement suggesting a desire to resolve past indemnity payments, as well. However, the court disagreed, finding that the reference in the C&R agreement to additional (i.e. unpaid) past, present, and future indemnity payments is directly related to a resolution of the termination petition. The court found nothing in the C&R agreement that addressed any pending disputes over the amount of benefits previously paid. Therefore, the court held that the Board erred in denying the employer's application for supersedeas fund reimbursement.
What It Means to You
This case highlights the extent to which the Commonwealth Court will scrutinize the language cited in a C&R agreement when determining an employer's entitlement to supersedeas fund reimbursement. This case illustrates that the language in a C&R agreement must be written with such precision that there can be no question that the employer is not resolving the period for which it intends to pursue reimbursement from the supersedeas fund. The use and placement of one word in a C&R agreement may impact the court's decision. In the above case, the words "additional" and "future" had direct bearing on the outcome of the court's decision.
Employers must also keep in mind that the Commonwealth Court reaffirmed that it will not award supersedeas reimbursement if the underlying proceedings, coupled with the C&R agreement, reveal an attempt to place the cost for an employer's agreed to liability on the shoulders of others or to subsidize a lump sum payment made as a result of a C&R agreement.


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Now showing items 1-2 of 2
The geopolitics of northern travels: Enactments of adventure and exploration in the Norwegian-Russian borderland
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
Critical geopolitics is used in analysing discourses on a micro-social level in the performances and enactments taking place during fact-finding tours and leisure journeys in northernmost Europe. The cases of journeys focussed are those of Scandinavians travelling along, and sometimes departing from, the highway between the Norwegian village of Kirkenes and the Russian city of Murmansk. In travels ...
Tourism in the Subarctic and the Baltic Sea regions of Europe
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018)
It is argued that the cultural dimensions of the Arctic and Subarctic have much to offer contemporary tourism, both as sources of new contents in tours and as an important field in tourism research and management training. In Norway, the Euroarctic is marketed to tourists focusing on nature and wildlife. A limited set of branding elements is used: northern lights, ice hotels, dogsledding, "safaris" ...