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Drugs do not just come in pills, powders and liquids. See the latest drug danger that comes in the form of a lollipop.
Teens and Drugs: Are Your Kids Next?
Kris' 19-year-old daughter, Brittany, is a drug addict and missing. Kris and her family explain the toll it has taken on them.
Brittany, 19, explains how her detox and rehab is going.
Tune in to the Dr. Phil show on Wednesday, November 24 to see Brandon and Debbie perform another intervention.
The Doctors expose why more and more teens are getting hooked on drugs
Brandon, a former teen drug addict, appeared on an episode of the Dr. Phil show nearly seven years ago while he was still using. Once sober, he and his family started conducting interventions to help young people across the country end their cycle of...
Brandon, a former teen drug addict and his mother, Debbie, started an intervention business to help young people addicted to drugs. They perform an emotional intervention on 19-year-old drug addict Brittany.
OB/GYN Dr. Lisa Masterson demonstrates how drug abuse affects an unborn baby.
The Partnership at DrugFree.org says not to ignore the signs if you suspect your teen is using a cell phone to connect to drugs.
The Doctors expose why more and more teens are getting hooked on drugs. Could your kids fall victim? Learn the latest drug dangers and how to keep your family safe. And, former child star Jodie Sweetin shares her long journey to sobriety.


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|The Talking Machine Forum — For All Antique Phonographs & Recordings
|SOLD: Steinberg 7th Symphony (Shostakovich) 78 box - $20
|Page 1 of 1
|luke68 [ Sat Jun 08, 2019 4:26 pm ]
|Post subject:
|SOLD: Steinberg 7th Symphony (Shostakovich) 78 box - $20
MUSICRAFT RECORDS RELEASE - SET OF EIGHT 12" 78rpm RECORDS - comes in an outer box which has some damage.
Looks like this set was barely played! Cover is in GREAT condition (completely intact but part has come unglued from the spine, light wear to edges & corners, small amount of writing on inside cover) and ALL records are in E / EXCELLENT condition (very shiny surface, few light paper scuffs / hairline scratches, LOOK GREAT - visual grading).
SORRY FOR HIGH INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING PRICES, BUT THIS SET IS VERY HEAVY (set alone weighs 8lbs) AND WILL BE COSTLY TO SHIP OVERSEAS.
Buyer to pay postage:
$8.50 shipping (bookrate/media mail) within the US,
$65.00 to Canada, OR
$85.00 for international postage.
US Priority mail and insurance will vary. All 78s are double-boxed with sufficient packaging and protection.
Each 78 is graded carefully and conservatively using the standard VJM 78rpm grading system.
|marcapra [ Wed Jun 12, 2019 10:11 pm ]
|Post subject:
|Re: FOR SALE: Steinberg 7th Symphony (Shostakovich) 78 box -
Are these records shellac or vinyl? You may not be able to tell, but vinyl would have some flexibility to them. But it's a risk to test shellac records for flexibility for obvious reasons! Sometimes late 40s 78s say unbreakable or vinylite on the label. Thanks, Marc.
|luke68 [ Thu Jun 13, 2019 1:46 pm ]
|Post subject:
|Re: FOR SALE: Steinberg 7th Symphony (Shostakovich) 78 box -
They are definitely shellac. Any interest in buying the set?
|Joseph Clack [ Thu Jun 13, 2019 4:19 pm ]
|Post subject:
|Re: FOR SALE: Steinberg 7th Symphony (Shostakovich) 78 box -
I found this set a few years ago in a Goodwill store--autographed by Steinberg. The records looked unplayed and the album was intact. I offered it on ebay for $25, hoping it would go for more. It didn't, but someone bought it and another set with 3 12" records. So I shipped all 11 records from SF to NY. I was in suspense for a couple weeks, expecting breakage, but the buyer did not notify me, so I assume they all got there intact. A real trial-by-fire in shipping!
|Page 1 of 1
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subset: commoncrawl


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In a move that could help states reap higher tax revenues, the House Judiciary Committee has passed a bill that could decriminalize weed at the federal level.
Called the "Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act of 2019," or "MORE Act," has the potential to make sweeping marijuana reforms at the federal level.
The bill, if it passes the Senate in its current form, has the capacity to enact sweeping changes to marijuana policy in the US. Criminal records for prior offenders could be expunged, cannabis could be removed from the list of federally-controlled substances, and more resources could be allocated to helping communities impacted by the "War on Drugs."
The bill was introduced by Democrat and Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler and passed the committee 24 to 10. Now, the bill needs to pass the entire House of Representatives, which it is likely to do thanks to a Democratic majority. However, following that, it would need to pass the Senate, which retained a Republican majority in the 2018 midterms. It's unlikely the bill will go anywhere once it hits the Senate.
Nadler, when addressing the committee, expounded on his thoughts regarding the state of marijuana criminalization in the US. "These steps are long overdue. For far too long, we have treated marijuana as a criminal justice problem instead of a matter of personal choice and public health," the lawmaker told his fellow Representatives. "Federal action on this issue would follow growing recognition in the states that the status quo is unacceptable."
The chairman of the committee continued "Despite the federal government's continuing criminalization of marijuana, 33 states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical cannabis." A major component of Nadler's emphasis on the bill is that it will allow each individual state to decide how they handle their own marijuana laws. This could lead to some confusing scenarios from state to state, however.
Several prominent 2020 Democratic Presidential candidates, including Bernie Sanders, have unveiled their own plans for sweeping reforms to the way the federal government handles the criminal justice system. This includes legalizing marijuana nationwide for some of the candidates. Interestingly, legalization could become a crux point for some voters in the upcoming election.


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Reloading / Re: Area419 Press, incoming
Holy crap, that's WAY out of my price range! $1200 is more than I plan to spend on a complete reloading setup!
Seems like a lot however I bought my T7 with a 50% off certificate won at the 1000 yard Nationals and wouldn't be without a quality turret press now. If I didn't have the T7 I would figure out a way to justify one of these.
Being a press junkie I'm jealous!


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Garden Gargoyles
Garden gargoyles are powerful and intriguing. They act as sentries, protecting our homes from intruders. Strong and a little bit dangerous, they attract attention and admiration.
Nightfall Sculptural Gargoyle Chandelier
With sharp talons wrapped around the glowing orb that lights his way through the evening sky, this nearly 21/2-foot-long gargoyle chandelier is a distinctive centerpiece for any gothic decor! Cast in quality designer resin with switch on cord; accepts your 40-watt bulb. See Additional Views for details. 271/2"Wx18"Dx25"H. 13 lbs.
Warsin Dragon Sculpture: Giant
Warsin's unique winged dragon looks truly menacing--from his fierce horned head to his barbed tail. Hang our exclusive beast from a wall or let him prowl on a shelf among your other dragon collectibles. You'll appreciate just what a challenge the knights of old were up against! Cast in quality designer resin for home and garden. Giant version does not contain keyhole slots for hanging. Giant: 42"Wx121/2"Dx81/2"H. 15 lbs.
Zippy, the Dragon Sculptural Mail Post
You can be sure that the letter carrier won't forget YOUR stop! Ingeniously designed to fit your standard 4"x4" post and U.S. regulation-sized mail box, "Zippy the Dragon" holds his arms wide to catch your newspaper and to guard your mailbox as he did those in the "castles of olde." Amazingly sculpted with detailing including scaled dragon tail and toothy grimace, he is cast in quality designer resin to withstand the elements. An DesignToscano-exclusive gift-with-an-attitude to yourself or the dragon lover in your life! 4"x4" post and US regulation sized mail box are NOT included. 16"Wx12"Dx41"H. 27 lbs.
Socrates, the Gargoyle Thinker Sculpture
At a foot-and-a-half tall, this muscular gargoyle is a menacing presence flanking a garden path or a stately fireplace. From his horned head to his spiked fangs and powerful wings, Socrates perches upon his pedestal, pondering the big picture. Cast in quality designer resin, our Toscano exclusive features a two-tone finish that captures every exquisite sculptural detail. 18"Wx17"Dx231/2"H. 15 lbs.
Saint Ambrose Gate Gargoyle Sentinels: Argos & Boden
Whether you're a consummate collector or simply one who admires gargoyle art, our unique two-foot-tall pair of Gothic sentinels will impress with spiny talons, wide wings, menacing teeth and glaring gazes. Like their historic European counterparts, they each perch on their own pieces of Gothic architecture, ready to keep watch in your garden or entryway. They are cast in quality designer resin to capture each detail exclusively for Design Toscano. Total weight: 34 lbs.
Draga the Gargoyle Vampire Statue: Large
Vampire wings raised at the ready, Noted neo-Gothic artist, Sandra Lira's "Draga the Vampire Statue" stands as a ferocious Gothic sentinel ready to swoop down at any moment! This incredibly sculpted, Toscano-exclusive vampire sculpture deftly captures the macabre spirit of Hungarian vampire legend. Cast in quality designer resin, our collectible Vampire Gargoyle statue shows off his sharpened fangs, muscled arms and sinewy form to remind visitors that he's one vampire statue who's look is just as bad as his bite! Large: 15"Wx101/2"Dx20"H. 15 lbs.
Victor the Vicious, Giant Gargoyle Sentry
The perfect sentry to guard your castle, our grand-scale, two-foot tall Victor the Vicious is gargoyle enough to soldiered up when times get tough! Following the legendary European heritage of Gothic gargoyle sentries, artist Manchester has chiseled muscular haunches, skull-topped sword and heraldic shield, then cast him in quality designer resin to capture every detail. Our gothic gargoyle statue is available only at Design Toscano! 171/2"Wx14"Dx211/2"H. 21 lbs.
Florentine Gargoyle Statue: Giant
Fresh from his eerie nightly vigil atop medieval Europe's most impressive architecture, our fierce gargoyle sentry is destined for a coveted spot in the homes and gardens of Gothic icon collectors worldwide. Our unparalleled replica antique is cast in quality design resin to aptly capture his muscular, flexed haunches and menacing scowl. 21"Wx18½"Dx221/2"H. 19 lbs.
Silas the Gargoyle Sentry Statue: Large
With bat-like wings, threatening jaw and flared nostrils, our two-foot-tall Gothic sentinel is ready to pounce on unsuspecting predators to your home or garden! Following the legendary European heritage of gargoyle sentries, artist Manchester has chiseled Silas with muscular haunches and spiny talons, then cast him in quality designer resin to capture every detail available to guard your home or garden. 161/2"Wx14"Dx24"H. 19 lbs.
Stoker's Moors Dragon Skull Sculpture: Large
We can't vouch for their authenticity, but artist Liam Manchester says these dragon bones are "archeologically accurate." With a head more than two feet long, our large-scale trophy for your home or garden is guaranteed to impress friend and foe with its sheer magnitude and detail. Cast in quality designer resin and finished to be indistinguishable from authentic fossils. Bring inside during freezing temperatures. 18"Wx26"Dx181/2"H. 22 lbs.
Raptor, Gargoyle Surveyor of the Realm Sculpture
Scaling a lofty Gothic architectural spire, Raptor reaches 21/2 feet in the air as master of all he surveys. In a truly amazing sculpt, artist Gary Chang, internationally known for his gargoyles, employs an ingenious synergy of muscle and character to capture this remarkable, Toscano-exclusive signature piece. Cast in quality designer resin with a contrasting two-tone finish to showcase every detail, this fine sculpt is a focal point for home or garden. 12"Wx91/2"Dx30"H. 12 lbs.
Argos Gargoyle Sentinel Sculpture
Our distinctive two-foot-tall exclusive Gothic sentinel is sure to impress with its size, spiny talons, wide wings, menacing teeth and a glaring gaze. Like its historic European counterpart, it perches on its own piece of Gothic architecture, ready to keep watch in your garden or entryway. It is cast in quality designer resin to capture every detail exclusively for Toscano. 11"Wx161/2"Dx24"H. 17 lbs.
Boden Gargoyle Sentinel Sculpture
Our distinctive two-foot-tall Gothic exclusive sentinel is sure to impress with its size, spiny talons, wide wings, menacing teeth and a glaring gaze. Like its historic European counterpart, it perches on its own piece of Gothic architecture, ready to keep watch in your garden or entryway. It is cast in quality designer resin to capture every detail exclusively for Toscano. 151/2"Wx10"Dx24"H. 17 lbs.
Apex, the Winged Dragon Sculptural Roof Cresting
Our roof cresting's commanding presence catches the eye of passersby from atop your home's pinnacle. Ingeniously engineered with a hinged mounting base to sit astride most roof pitches, this winged dragon perches on muscular rear haunches with his cocked head alert to lurking danger. Meticulously sculpted and cast in designer resin, this stunning sculpt is a Toscano exclusive. 21"Wx161/2"Dx161/2"H. 13 lbs.
Hydra of Lerna Mythical Dragon Statue
This is the creature of legend! At the entrance to the Underworld, the 3-headed serpentine water monster of Greek and Roman mythology waited with its poisonous breath and putrid blood to regenerate as quickly as it was cut down with sword and sabre. Our Design Toscano-exclusive, collectible Medieval dragon is an absolutely unparalleled sculpture. Holding court atop a spoil of coins and a macabre skull with sharp fangs and scary eyes, the Hydra of Lerna is imaginatively sculpted with spiked horns, barbed hide and leathery skin. Cast in quality designer resin, this Design Toscano exclusive is hand painted in an absolutely incredible, iridescent rainbow of fire-breathing color and pattern. Be the Hercules that finally slays the primal power of this terrifying monster by unleashing him into your collection! 12" Wx6" Dx201/2" H. 6 lbs.
Gargoyle of Eastmore Cathedral Illuminated Sculpture
In a truly amazing sculpt, artist Gary Chang, internationally known for his gargoyles, melds one of his mythic creatures with lofty Gothic architecture and provides it with its own illumination! At more than two feet tall, this ingenious combination of muscle and character creates a remarkable, Toscano-exclusive signature piece crowned with a 41/2" dia. glass globe. Cast in quality designer resin with a contrasting two-tone finish to showcase every detail, this fine sculpt features an in-line switch and accepts your 40-watt bulb. 9"Wx8"Dx241/2"H. 9 lbs.
Emmett the Gargoyle Statue: Large
Own a classic! A true purebred, Emmett the Gargoyle boasts lineage as one of the original Medieval creatures that pensively perched from European rooftops and turrets. Our historic, muscular Gothic gargoyle in a new larger size is cast in quality designer resin with an aged and weathered dark greystone finish for true authenticity. He is available only at Design Toscano! 16"Wx16"Dx171/2"H. 15 lbs.
The Arthurian Dragon Statues: Set of Sword & Shield
Noted dragon artist Chang sculpts the legendary dragon brothers who loyally guard Avon Castle and "watch each others' backs." Chang's attention to detail is showcased in these designer resin dragons who menacingly keep watch with sword, shield, spiny wings and sharp claws atop Celtic knot bases. Perfect for flanking your front door or guarding your library, they'll be long celebrated as a gift to the loyal person who watches your back! Shield: 8"Wx8"Dx171/2"H. 9 lbs. Sword: 81/2"Wx91/2"Dx16"H. 10 lbs.


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Today, Mayor de Blasio and Macy's announced a fireworks plan in celebration of the 4th of July that will reach every borough for the first time ever. Continue Reading →
Tag Archives: Macy's
Macy's Commits To Ending Fur Sales
Harlem fave Macy's, once famous for its mink coats, has become the nation's largest retailer to announce it will stop selling fur. Continue Reading →
Macy's And Bloomingdale's Colleagues Presented Check To God's Love We Deliver Team
On Tuesday, August 27th, Macy's and Bloomingdale's colleagues presented a check for over $87,000 and volunteer at God's Love We Deliver (GLWD) in NY, New York. Continue Reading →
Macy's And East Harlem's Carter Burden Network Celebrate National Senior Citizen Day
On Wednesday, August 21st, Macy's and the Carter Burden Network (CBN) celebrated National Senior Citizens Day with a full day of exciting activities for East Harlem seniors at the Carter Burden/Leonard Covello Senior Center (Covello). Continue Reading →
Macy's Salute Those Who Serve With Support To Empower Veterans And Military Families
This July, Macy's and its customers nationwide will pay special tribute to the men and women of the U.S. Armed Forces with a charitable round-up campaign, "Macy's Salutes Those Who Serve," to support active duty military, veterans and military families. Continue Reading →
Macy's Celebrates Pride + Joy With The LGBTQ Community From Harlem To Hollis
Macy's long-standing commitment to diversity, equality, and inclusion is punctuated this June by its nationwide celebration of National Pride Month. Continue Reading →
The Macy's 45th Annual Flower Show Is A Minutes Away Family Friendly Flora Blast
On Sunday, March 24th, 2019, Macy's Herald Square launched its 45th annual two-week-long Flower Show, Journey To Paradisios, it's great to see the celebration of the arrival of spring with discovery, color, and wonder just a 30-minute train ride from Harlem. Continue Reading →
Join The Workshop At Macy's To Learn World-Class Skills For Business Growth And Development
The Workshop at Macy's is Macy's first business development program, launched in 2011 to foster growth in the next generation of minority- and women-owned merchandise suppliers from Harlem to the Hudson.
Get the Harlem World Newsletter


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By Pleasure Panel reviewer Kurosakikun
I've tried my fair share of cock rings over the years, loose ones, tight ones, vibrating ones, thick, thin, you name it, I've tried all there is to try… Or so I thought. A very innovative idea from Perfect Fit comes in the shape of the Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring. The idea behind the ring is that it will fit any size it comes into contact with by means of a locking pin and hole design, not too far away from a belt to hold your pants up! There are 17 holes to choose from depending on the size of your manhood, and more importantly, how tight you want your cock ring to be!
As the other sex toys I have tried from Perfect Fit, this cock ring comes in tidy packaging, easy to get into plastic packaging which can be used to store the cock ring in when you are not using it. Gone are the days of using an angle grinder to get into the welded shut plastic packet, here is an easy to pop open hinged affair which is always appreciated when you are desperate to get at your new sex aid.
The Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring is made from PE (Polyethylene) and TPR (Thermoplastic Rubber) which keeps the locking pins and holes sturdy and the rest of the ring nice and flexible. The rings come in three colours to choose from; red, purple and black, and as they are promoted as one size fits all; they all come in the same size! Due to the materials used, the cock ring is safe to use with any lubricant you can throw at it.
Out of the packaging, the cock ring is nice and light and seems to be well made, any amount of stretching and flexing didn't seem to dislodge any of the moulded parts which contain the locking holes and it seems like it will hold any size for as long as you need it to.
According to the packaging, the adjustable ring will fit a 1.8" diameter to a 2.3" diameter, it achieves this by having 17 different locking holes in a line, the bigger or smaller you want the ring depends on where you 'click' the locking pin, the only confusing thing for me is that there is a guide on the Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring which you press the line of balls in which creates the 'speed shift' part of the ring.
To tighten the ring, you release the pin and pull the balls through the guide, which keeps the ring from loosening and can only get tighter. The guide strangely, only allows you to lock the cock ring with 6 holes that you can't reach to make it any tighter, so in theory, using the speed shift, there are only 11 adjustable setting holes…. I have found that to get to the smaller holes you have to disregard the guide and fashion a rather uncomfortable ring with a large part hanging loose.
As you can see from my photographs, I decided the best way to show the different sizes is can achieve was to set it at its biggest (which was far too big even for my wrist!) and set it tight on some fruit and veg, which both were amply squeezed by the sizes I put on them!
As for actually using the Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring as it was intended, on a living breathing human, it was a love/hate affair from start to finish. To put the ring on, you need to wrap it around yourself (I started with just the base of the penis above the scrotum) and then lock the speed shift part into place, the huge problem I found was that the end of the ring nips your intimate skin really badly when you put it on, and to use the speed shift to tighten it, oh my days, rather painful!
I like my cock rings tight, tight enough that the head of the penis is engorged and I can see blood vessels protruding upwards, it gives the penis a bigger, harder appearance and feels amazing. I could only achieve this with the cock ring by disregarding the way it is intended to be used and wearing it only using the speed shift balls as the cock ring itself and set on the smallest hole. I think if they had placed the guide for the speed shift an inch further back it would have worked a lot better.
The appearance of the engorged penis and the intensity of the orgasm were amazing and worth achieving, but not by using it as intended. One huge plus was that once I had orgasmed, the quick release of the ring by pulling out the locking pin is great, no trying to slide it off or catching skin and hair trying to remove it post orgasm, it literally falls off!
Using the Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring at the base of the penis but also under the scrotum to push the testicles forward worked a lot better as I could use a bigger setting and get it tight enough while using it as intended. Still though, the fact you have an overlapping band means it nips at your bare skin while tightening up.
Cleaning up, obviously is pretty easy, the materials used are wipe clean and can be washed under warm water and left to drip dry. As I mentioned earlier, it can be kept in its original packaging quite easily and stored safely until you want to use it the next time.
I think this cock ring is a great idea and it can be used in two different places depending on the mood, also, if you have a partner with a penis who is a different size to yourself, it can work for multiple people. If the nipping of skin was eliminated and it could use all the locking holes properly then it would be a great toy. At the moment, it's 6 out of 10 for me; it just seems over complicating what can be achieved with a much simpler design.
– Kurosakikun
Where To Buy
Thanks to Pleasure Panel reviewer Kurosakikun for this review of the Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring.
The Perfect Fit Speed Shift Adjustable Cock Ring was sent free of charge, in exchange for a fair and honest review by the Pleasure Panel.
Contains affiliate links


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Port forward to server over VPN tunnel
Hi all
I've been looking to figure this out for a while, I've found a lot of information but found it uneasy to understand, either due to my knowledge level or the way it was described.
I have relocated a server from Site A (home), to Site B (datacenter). Both sites are linked by a OpenVPN site to site tunnel, everything internal connects and works perfectly so there's no internal problems at all.
My issue is that there are many external devices that need to communicate with this server through the WAN address of Site A, it would be extremely inconvenient to reconfigure all of those devices (vehicle trackers) as they are embedded units requiring reprogramming. How can I forward the port from Site A WAN, to the server at Site B?
Both sites are running pfSense 2.2.5, one embedded install, one full install if it matters.
Any advice appreciated.
Kind regards
Ok that was quicker than before, I've been meaning to get this done for a few weeks now, looks like walking away and coming back to it another time has worked in this case.
I found another thread which I hadn't seen last time which seems to be worded much better here: https://forum.pfsense.org/index.php?topic=58804.msg319587#msg319587
For me, the one that may have fixed it is the following:
Outbound NAT:
(this first rule has Do Not NAT checked)
If Source Src. ports Dest. addr Dest. ports NAT Addr NAT Port Description
OpenVPN remote * * * * * Do Not NAT
network for remote subnet
subnet across VPN
I'll update this tomorrow once all the devices start reporting back to the server and see how it goes, the web interface of the server is accessible from WAN A so it's looking good so far.
Thanks Derelict this looks a lot easier to understand. Interestingly with my current setup (from my last post above), the TCP port 80 for the web interface works perfectly, but to the other ports is still getting 'lost' somewhere even though the rules are setup the same for each one. I'll work through your referenced post and report back my findings later on.


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Time: August 5, 2011 at 7pm to August 6, 2011 at 12am
Location: Paradise Dragstrip
Street: 500 Chatsworth Hwy 225 NE
City/Town: Calhoun,Ga
Website or Map: http://www.Paradisedragstrip.…
Phone: 706-629-6161
Event Type: drag, racing
Organized By: Lee Timms,Carol Timms
Latest Activity: Aug 5, 2011
Currently racing Friday nights at the historic strip located in Calhoun,Ga. Super Pro ,Footbrake and Time Only cars fill the staging lanes all night long and run what they brung.
$10 spectator fee kids 10yrs old and under free entry.
Gates open at 5:30pm but the action doesn't get going till 7:30pm
Join SOUTH EAST USA WHEELS EVENTS-Car and Motorcycle Events Calendar


text: If you still have I could use it for a friend he and I are disabled and on fixed incomes e-mail directly email @ redacted ________________________________________________________________ GET INTERNET ACCESS FROM JUNO! Juno offers FREE or PREMIUM Internet access for less! Join Juno today! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/web/. ---------------------------------------------------------- for HELP or to subscribe/unsubscribe, contact: firstname.lastname@example.com send a DONATION http://www.Insulin-Pumpers.org/donate.shtml


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Plasmodium falciparum domain mediating adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A: A receptor for human placental infection
Contributed by Louis H. Miller
Malaria during the first pregnancy causes a high rate of fetal and neonatal death. The decreasing susceptibility during subsequent pregnancies correlates with acquisition of antibodies that block binding of infected red cells to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), a receptor for parasites in the placenta. Here we identify a domain within a particular Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 that binds CSA. We cloned a var gene expressed in CSA-binding parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). The gene had eight receptor-like domains, each of which was expressed on the surface of Chinese hamster ovary cells and was tested for CSA binding. CSA linked to biotin used as a probe demonstrated that two Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains (DBL3 and DBL7) bound CSA. DBL7, but not DBL3, also bound chondroitin sulfate C (CSC) linked to biotin, a negatively charged sugar that does not support PRBC adhesion. Furthermore, CSA, but not CSC, blocked the interaction with DBL3; both CSA and CSC blocked binding to DBL7. Thus, only the DBL3 domain displays the same binding specificity as PRBCs. Because protective antibodies present after pregnancy block binding to CSA of parasites from different parts of the world, DBL-3, although variant, may induce cross-reactive immunity that will protect pregnant women and their fetuses.
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is more severe in pregnant women, especially during the first pregnancy (primigravida), and causes disease in the mother and fetal death even in those women who were previously immune (1). In the primigravida, massive numbers of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) sequester in the maternal circulation of the placenta, binding to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) (2). Antibodies that develop after multiple pregnancies are associated with reduced PRBCs in the placenta and block CSA binding of PRBCs from different parts of the world (3). This suggests that the parasite ligand for binding CSA may be a vaccine candidate for protecting pregnant women and their fetuses against malaria.
Members of the recently described var gene family and their expressed proteins, P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP-1), mediate PRBC binding to several adhesion receptors such as CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (4, 5) and are involved in antigenic variation (4–6). Recent work on var gene switching showed transcription of a particular var gene (FCR3.varCSA) in parasites selected for binding to CSA but not in parasites selected for adhesion to CD36 or ICAM-1 (7). Thus, var genes adhere dichotomously either to CD36 and other receptors on endothelium or to CSA in placenta and not to CD36. Potential receptor domains in var genes include Duffy binding-like (DBL) domains, named for their homology to the Duffy binding domain of Plasmodium vivax (6), and cysteine-rich interdomain regions (CIDR). The CIDR1 domain, located after the first DBL, was demonstrated to mediate PRBC adhesion to CD36 (4, 8). DBL1 has been identified as a receptor for binding PRBCs to uninfected RBCs in var genes from PRBCs that rosette normal RBCs (9, 10). The ligands for binding CSA and other endothelial receptors are yet to be defined. Antibodies to two different domains of a var gene (different from the one described here) expressed in CSA-binding parasites reduced binding to CSA (11), indicating the possible involvement of var genes in adhesion to CSA, although direct identification of the domains that bind CSA was lacking. To identify the domain of the parasite ligand that mediates adhesion to CSA, we cloned the expressed var gene of FCR3-CSA-PRBCs. Here we identify the DBL domain within a particular PfEMP-1 that binds CSA.
Materials and Methods
Parasites and Cell Lines.
P. falciparum FCR3 parasites were cultured and selected on the adhesion receptors CD36 and CSA as described (7). A stable transfectant of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)–745 cells (CSA negative) (12) permanently expressing cDNA of CD36 (13), ICAM-1 (14), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (15), and E-selectin (16) was constructed by using Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Diagnostics). A stably transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cell line was kindly provided by D. Paulin and P. Vicart (Institut Pasteur) (17). Surface expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 was analyzed by using specific mAbs (R & D Systems). Anti-CD36 mAb was a gift of L. Edelman (Institut Pasteur).
Adhesion Assays.
PRBC adhesion assays on transfected CHO cells and fresh cryosections of human placenta were performed as described (18). Adhesion of plasmagel-enriched PRBCs to various receptors coated on plastic was performed as follows: 10 μl of receptor in PBS was immobilized directly on Petri dishes (Falcon 1001) overnight at 4°C. Biotinylated CSA (Biot-CSA), biotinylated CSC (Biot-CSC), or soluble CD36 was immobilized via mouse mAbs (5 μg/ml) directed either against biotin (Sigma) or against an epitope tag incorporated into a recombinant CD36 molecule (mAb 179) (19). [Receptor concentration: recombinant human thrombomodulinCSA (hTM), 5 μg/ml; CSA, 10 μg/ml (Sigma); CSC, 10 μg/ml (Sigma); Biot-CSA and Biot-CSC, 100 μg/ml]. The coated dots were blocked with 1% BSA and were incubated with 10 μl of trophozoites (0.5% hematocrit) in binding medium (BM) [RPMI medium1640 with 25 mM Hepes (pH 6.8)] for 20 min at 37°C. Unfixed cells were removed by washes in BM, were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde, and were stained in Giemsa for microscopic examination.
Cloning DNA Sequence Analysis and Reverse Transcription–PCR and Northern Blot Analysis of the FCR3.varCSA Gene.
The Vectorette technique (Genosys, The Woodlands, TX) was used to extend a short sequence tag corresponding to the DBL-1 domain transcribed in CSA binding FCR3 parasites (7). We confirmed the linear order of the DNA sequence obtained from genomic FCR3-CSA DNA by using overlapping PCR fragments from cDNA of FCR3.varCSA trophozoites (Fig. 1A) and a YAC clone (gift of M. Lanzer, University of Heidelberg) spanning most of the exon I of the FCR3.varCSA gene (data not shown). DNA fragments from DBL1, DBL3/4, and DBL6/7 hybridized to the same 13-kilobase transcript (Fig. 2A; data not shown). Reverse transcription–PCR and Northern blot analyses were performed as described (7) from total parasite RNA prepared by using the TRIZOL (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) extraction method (19).
Surface Iodination, Trypsinization, and Affinity Purification of the CSA Ligand.
Mature intact PRBC were selected by the receptor panning procedure, were grown for 1–2 cycles, and were enriched to >75% by the plasmagel technique (20). Surface iodination, sequential extraction with 1% Triton X-100 followed by 2% SDS, and trypsinization [l-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)-treated trypsin (Sigma)] of PRBC were performed as described (21). Samples derived from iodination were separated on a 0.5% agarose/4% acrylamide composite gel (22), were dried, and were exposed to Kodak X-Omat XAR-5 film. Prestained protein markers were purchased from Life Technologies and New England BioLabs. For affinity purification of the CSA ligand, 30 μg of recombinant human thrombomodulin was incubated with 1 × 108 tosyl-activated M-450 Dynabeads (4.5 μm diameter) (Dynal, Oslo, Norway) in 1 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Beads were incubated overnight at 4°C with 15 μl of iodinated SDS extracts diluted in 500 μl of BM (pH 6.8) containing 1% BSA. Beads were washed by using a magnet (Dynal MPC) and were processed as described (21).
CHO Surface Expression of FCR3.varCSA Domains.
PCR products spanning each single domain were cloned into the expression vector pSRα5 (19). Stable transfectants that express FCR3.varCSA regions on the surface of CHO-745 cells were selected on a fluorescent-activated cell sorter, were cloned, and were used for receptor binding studies as described (19).
Conjugation of Biotin to Chondroitin Sulfate.
Conjugation of biotin to chondroitin sulfate A (bovine trachea, Sigma) and chondroitin sulfate C (shark cartilage, Sigma) was performed by modification of a previous procedure (23). In brief, biotinyl-(aminocaproyl)3-hydraside was synthesized by Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis. A portion (0.71 mmol) of P-alokoxybenzylalcohol-Wang resin (0.71 mmol/g 100–200 mesh, Watanabe Chemical Co., Osaka) was treated with p-nitrophenylchloroformate (3.55 mmol, 5 eq) and pyridine (7.1 mmol, 10 eq) in CHCl3 overnight at room temperature. The resin was washed with CHCl3 (six times) and with dimethylformamide (DMF) (six times). The resin in DMF was treated with NH2NH2 hydrate (7.1 mmol, 10 eq) by shaking for 3 hr at room temperature and was washed with DMF six times. The resulting hydrasinated resin in DMF was acylated with Fmoc-aminocaproic acid (3 eq) 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (3 eq), and diisopropylcarbodiimide (3 eq) for coupling. Twenty percent piperidine-DMF was used for deprotection, and the reaction was repeated twice more with aminocaproic acid, followed by (+)-Biotin (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka). The protected peptide resin was treated with TFA-m-cresol-ethanedithiol (9:0.5:0.5 cocktail) for deprotection and cleavage, was purified by HPLC in 0.1% MeCNaq, and was characterized by mass-spectrometry. Conjugation between the biotinyl-(aminocaproyl)3-hydraside and chondroitin sulfates was carried out by reductive hydrazination of chondroitin sulfate via terminal aldhyde with NaBH3(CN) in 1 M AcOH at room temperature. This procedure gave a stable covalent conjugation. The conjugates were purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 in 0.1 M AcOH and were analyzed by HPLC, and the incorporation ratio was determined by combustive amino acid analysis as follows. Biotinyl-(aminocaproyl)3-NHNH-chondroitin sulfate was hydrolyzed with 6 M HCL containing 0.2% phenol at 110°C for 24 hr, and an aliquot of the resulting hydrolysates was subjected to amino acid analyzer [Hitachi (Tokyo) 835 A] equipped with Chromato-Integrator (Hitachi D-2500). An unknown peak corresponding to the same retention time of aminocaproic acid was observed with CSA. Thus, the molar ratio of conjugation was calculated from the difference between the biotin-CSA to CSA alone. The incorporation was only 15–25%.
Binding Assay of Chondroitin Sulfate Linked to Biotin.
Sheep anti-mouse IgG M-450 Dynabeads (2 × 106) were incubated overnight at 5°C with 2 μg of mouse anti-biotin mAb (Jackson Immunoresearch) in PBS with continuous agitation. The beads were washed three times with BM (pH7.2) and 1% BSA (BMB) and were resuspended with 45 μl of BMB to 4 × 107 beads/ml. Transfected CHO-745 cells (100,000) were grown for 48 hr on four glass coverslips in a six-well plate. Coverslips were transferred into a 12-well plate containing 1 ml of BMB and 50 μg of Biot-CSA or Biot-CSC (Sigma) and were incubated 1 hr. For inhibition assays, the cells were incubated for 1 hr with 200 μg/ml of CSA or CSC (Sigma) before addition of the biotin-conjugated carbohydrates. The coverslips were washed three times in a basin containing BMB, were transferred to a humidified chamber, and were incubated for 1 hr at room temperature with the coated Dynal beads (45 μl of 4 × 107 beads/ml). The coverslips then were flipped cell-side down onto a stand and were incubated for 3 min to allow unbound beads to settle by gravity. Coverslips then were washed three times with BM and were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (Polysciences) in PBS, and the degree of bead association with cells was examined. In some experiments, chondrotinase ABC (Fluka) at 1 unit/ml was added to the cells for 1 hr at room temperature before addition of the beads.
Adhesive Phenotype of Parasites Selected for CSA Binding.
The binding characteristics of the CSA-selected PRBCs (Table 1) resemble the adhesive phenotype observed in PRBCs isolated from placentas of malaria-infected women, i.e., binding to CSA but not to CD36 (2). These adhesion properties are very different from those of CD36-selected PRBCs, which bound to several receptors but not to CSA (Table 1). Furthermore, sera from multigravid women from Cameroon and Senegal efficiently block adhesion of FCR3-CSA PRBCs to CSA (J.G. and A.S., unpublished data).
The FCR3.varCSA Gene Has Eight Receptor-Like Domains.
A specific sequence tag of the FCR3.varCSA gene corresponding to the DBL-1 of a previous publication (7) was used to extend the gene sequence in the 5′ and 3′ directions. We obtained 10,628 bp that contain the entire extracellular region encoded by exon I (9,931 bp) and 698 bp of exon II, the intracellular domain (Fig. 1). An unusually short intron of 230 bp separates the two exons. The DNA sequence predicts an ORF of 3,542 amino acids and an overall structure homologous to the published var sequences, with seven DBL domains and a CIDR1 domain found after DBL1 (Fig. 1B). FCR3.varCSA sequence probes corresponding to DBL-1, DBL3/4, and DBL6/7 hybridize to a large transcript of ≈13 kilobases in total RNA of FCR3-CSA trophozoites (Fig. 2A; data not shown). Reverse transcription–PCR of mRNA and PCR of genomic DNA proved that the sequence was contiguous (Fig. 1A).
FCR3.varCSA Codes for a Large Trypsin-Sensitive Erythrocyte Surface Molecule That Binds to CSA.
Surface iodination of FCR3-CSA trophozoite-infected RBCs identified a single molecule of ≈400 kDa (Fig. 2B) with the characteristics of the var gene product PfEMP-1 (21). First, it was degraded by trypsin treatment of intact PRBCs (Fig. 2B). Second, it was efficiently extracted only in denaturing detergent (2% SDS). Third, it was variant [absent in CD36-selected PRBCs (FCR3-CD36), which instead express an iodinated molecule of 250 kDa] (Fig. 2B). The mild trypsinization removed the iodinated part of the molecule but did not ablat binding to CSA. Adhesion was interrupted only at very high concentrations of trypsin (data not shown). This is in agreement with the trypsin-resistant phenotype of PfEMP1 from other CSA-adherent PRBCs (12).
Surface-iodinated PfEMP-1 extracted from FCR3-CSA PRBCs before trypsinization bound to human thrombomodulin-coated Dynabeads (Fig. 2C) whereas the FCR3-CD36 PfEMP-1 did not bind thrombomodulin (Fig. 2C). Thus, the CSA-containing thrombomodulin that bound FCR3-CSA PRBCs (Table 1) affinity-purified a red cell surface molecule with the characteristics of PfEMP-1.
DBL-3 of the FCR3.varCSA Gene Binds Specifically to CSA.
Biot-CSA and Biot-CSC were developed as specific reagents to measure CSA binding to the FCR3.varCSA domains. The activity of the biotinylated compounds was identical to that of the nonbiotinylated material (Table 1), with PRBCs binding only to Biot-CSA. Of the eight receptor-like domains expressed on the surface of CHO-745 cells (mutants not expressing CSA) (Fig. 1C), only DBL3 and DBL7 transfectants bound Biot-CSA (Fig. 3 A and B). No binding was observed if cells were incubated with biotin alone or if the cells were treated with chondroitinase ABC after incubation with Biot-CSA (data not shown). Addition of CSA blocked the binding of Biot-CSA to both DBLs; however, addition of CSC, a molecule that does not block CSA-mediated PRBC adhesion (12, 24), had no effect on binding to DBL3 but blocked binding to DBL7 (Fig. 3C). In addition, only DBL7 expressed on CHO cells bound Biot-CSC, and this binding was inhibited by addition of CSA or CSC (Fig. 3C). Thus, the binding properties of DBL3, but not of DBL7, are compatible with the adhesion properties of CSA-adherent PRBCs (Table 1).
A previous study demonstrated that antibodies to two domains of a var gene (varCS2) from CSA PRBCs reduced binding to CSA (11); however, the identity of the parasite CSA-binding ligand molecule remained ambiguous. We determined by direct binding studies that the var gene domain DBL-3 binds CSA. Specific studies of domain binding are necessary to determine whether the DBL-3 domain of varCS2 mediates adhesion to CSA and whether other domains, such as CIDR1, are involved with this interaction in varCS2. The two DBL3 sequences (ref. 11 and present study) show no specific homology other than the homology found among all DBL3 domains, including those from PRBCs that do not bind CSA (19). The same is true for the CIDR1 domain. The CIDR1 domain of the FCR3-CSA var did not bind CD36 (data not shown), which is in full agreement with the failure of the PRBCs to bind CD36. This is distinct from other CIDR1 domains from CD36-binding PRBCs that bind CD36 (8, 19). Thus, we cannot predict the adhesion properties of a particular var domain from its primary sequence.
Identification of the domain that binds CSA allows the extension of the Fried and Duffy model of maternal malaria to the molecular level (2, 3). At the age of first pregnancy, most residents of endemic areas are clinically immune and develop a repertoire of anti-PfEMP-1 antibodies against endothelial adherent PRBCs (CD36-binding PRBCs) but not against the CSA-binding placental adherent PRBCs. Primigravid women who do not yet display antibodies against the CSA binding ligand offer a new niche for sequestration and proliferation of those parasites. Our data support the view that antigenic variation of PfEMP-1, in addition to its role in immune evasion, can lead to drastic changes in parasite tropism. A switch to a PfEMP-1 that mediates CSA adhesion is probably the key molecular event involved in the disease process observed during the first pregnancy. The data published by Fried and Duffy (2, 3) and from J.G. and A.S. (unpublished data) demonstrated that antibodies from multigravid women block binding of PRBCs from placenta to CSA. This blockade of adhesion was not specific for a particular clone, as sera from multigravid females blocked PRBCs not only from Africa but also from other parts of the world. Although CSA-binding PfEMP-1s are variant in primary sequence (ref. 11 and present study), the adhesion inhibition results suggest a conserved structure or conserved antigenic determinants among various CSA-adherent strains. It is conceivable that the blocking antibodies are directed at the CSA-adhesion domain, DBL3; however, it is also possible that a crossreactive immune response to the more N-terminal regions of the varCSA molecule, such as the CIDR1 domain, might provide the adhesion blocking activity. In this case, steric hindrance or conformational change promoted by antibody binding will result in reduced binding to CSA. If these antibodies are reactive with conserved determinants of the binding domain, then immunization with recombinant DBL3 may induce antibodies that will protect pregnant women from this complication. Thus, the DBL3 domain becomes a candidate as a vaccine for pregnant women in Africa. Today, protection of pregnant women depends on prophylaxis with drugs. With the increasing drug resistance in Africa and other countries, vaccines would be a welcome alternative for prevention of disease in pregnancy.
We thank Dr. Hiroto Nishioka (University of Kyoto Japan) for technical assistance and Affymax Research Institute for providing the expression vector and mAb 179. This work has been supported by a grant from the Commission of the European Communities for research and technical development (Contracts CT96-0071 and CT98-0362), GDR, and a French Army grant (Contract DSP/STTC-97/070). P.B. was supported by Fondation Mérieux and Fond d'Etudes de l'Assistance Publique/Hopitaux de Paris.
↵† P.B. and B.G. contributed equally to this work.
↵‡‡ To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité de Recherche Associée 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France. E-mail: ascherf{at}pasteur.fr.
Data deposition: The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. AJ133811).
- chondroitin sulfate A;
- chondroitin sulfate C;
- Biot-CSA,
- biotinylated CSA;
- Biot-CSC,
- biotinylated CSC;
- cysteine-rich interdomain region;
- Duffy binding-like;
- PfEMP-1,
- Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1;
- hTM,
- human thrombomodulin;
- intercellular adhesion molecule 1;
- vascular cell adhesion molecule 1;
- PRBCs,
- parasitized red blood cells;
- Chinese hamster ovary;
- binding medium;
- dimethylformamide
- Accepted August 19, 1999.
- Copyright © 1999, The National Academy of Sciences
- ↵
- Steketee R W,
- Wirima J J,
- Slutsker L,
- Heymann D L,
- Breman J G
- ↵
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- Baruch D I,
- Ma X C,
- Singh H B,
- Bi X,
- Pasloske B L,
- Howard R J
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- ↵
- Chen Q,
- Barragan A,
- Fernandez V,
- Sundstrom A,
- Schlichtherle M,
- Sahlen A,
- Carlson J,
- Datta S,
- Wahlgren M
- ↵
- Reeder J C,
- Cowman A F,
- Davern K M,
- Beeson J G,
- Thompson J K,
- Rogerson S J,
- Brown G V
- ↵
- Rogerson S J,
- Chaiyaroj S C,
- Ng K,
- Reeder J C,
- Brown G V
- ↵
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- Bevilacqua M P,
- Stengelin S,
- Gimbrone M A Jr,
- Seed B
- ↵
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- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Baruch D I,
- Gormely J A,
- Ma C,
- Howard R J,
- Pasloske B L
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- Shinohara Y,
- Sota H,
- Kim F,
- Shimizu M,
- Gotoh M,
- Tosu M,
- Hasegawa Y
- ↵


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Fly on the Wall
Last week I talked about getting yourself into the door of a gym or church, and three ideas to think about when resolving to do so. This post is a follow-up to that one, and here I am thinking about ideas to consider when you are attending a bit more regularly. You are beyond just getting in the door, but are now a bit more comfortable with the surroundings: you know your machines, where to stretch, which piece of cardio equipment you use (or avoid), and have a general idea of who shows up at what time; in the church you have found out who does what, who sits where, who to talk to (and who to avoid), and have a sense of the church's mission.
My hope is that you have found a church that has authentic worship, small groups, and mission/ministries in the community or for the community that you can be involved with. Unfortunately many smaller towns have churches that are ... well ... struggling. I am going to be speaking about those small churches that may seem to have older congregations and fewer ministries. In fact, if you are just starting to attend a church you may be at the bigger one's with a wood pallet background and track lighting, but I want to encourage you to consider the churches I am talking about in this blog post.
These churches are like small gyms. They have all the right equipment, but some of it may be outdated. It still works, but might need some slight adjusting to bring about the results they were bringing and producing in the past. I like smaller gyms because I don't feel like I am getting swallowed up by all the options and all the people I do not know - or need to make small talk with!
So I am going to give you a "fly on the wall" view into what many churches are going through so that you can understand how to be a help.
Internal Struggles
I am going to overgeneralize here, and some of this is "tongue-and-cheek," meaning that I am over-exaggerating to make a point.
Most of the small churches you may visit or that are in your area are concerned about programs and the building. The building will have some issues, there will be outdated materials, there will be classrooms that haven't been used, etc etc. There will be a piano/organist, perhaps a couple to a few people in a choir, maybe someone that plays guitar, old hymn books, older people dressed in suits or nice clothes (Sunday best), pews and not chairs, and one or two grandchildren running around getting an icy stare or two. There will be one or two people that are "in charge" and he/she or they are not the pastor.
No doubt for a few years (or more) the conversations are revolving around keeping the one program alive that seems to reach people (and may only be reaching a handful), keeping people on the committees - particularly the trustees - and how there are fewer and fewer people, the people that come don't stay, and there may be talk about closing the church down during the winter to save money.
Okay, I have painted a pretty bleak picture here haven't I? The truth is that what I wrote above will not be in every church, nor will everything I wrote about be in one particular church. But most of the small rural churches will be facing those issues at some point. So what does this have to do with you? Why would you go to a church that is facing these problems?
God might have it in His plans for that church to use you to bring the momentum for revitalization. You will bring fresh perspectives, ideas, and energy. And guess what!? It wont' be received well - at first. Relationships run two ways - you need to learn about the people in the church, but the people in the church need to also learn about you. Understand here, I am not advocating for a way for you to come into a church an manipulate things in order to achieve some kind of legacy. What I am doing is letting you know that God has a purpose for you that you may not have ever considered before, especially if you are seeking to understand more about Him and all this seems like the "typical church issue" stuff you here about.
But you are needed.
Remember, we are all on a journey, and your part in this journey might to be run up the road a bit and catch up to some folks that might be too focused on how they are walking and how much their feet hurt, rather than on the people they are walking with.
Learning as they go
Like I said in the previous post, you will be learning as you go. Many of these churches are doing the same. At one time in its history, the particular church you might be attending (or thinking about) was making disciples. It was a full church. Now, many of the people in that church are thinking about those times and trying to figure out how to get there again, but they don't know how.
This is where you come in.
But no doubt you are thinking, "I don't know what to do! I'm not a pastor or churchy person!" But you do have needs, and you can tell the church that they have the ability to meet a need you have, and others in that community might need the same things. What is it? Do you wish to learn? Ask them if they have a Bible Study or group that discusses Biblical things. Are you struggling with something? Find someone in the church that you seem to be getting along with and ask them to meet at a local diner and start having discussions with them. Tell them why you are meeting with them and if the conversation goes well, plan to meet regularly.
This will inject new life into the church, and it will begin a journey into discipleship once again in that church.
I'm telling you, it doesn't have to be complicated. Just allow God's Spirit to move. Learn to trust those things that seem to be pressing on you, on your spirit - those things that make you slightly nervous and stupid for thinking about it. It might be God telling you to step out because He has something in mind.
All churches have hope - hope that someone will come along to help them, hope that something will kick-start the 'fire' in that church again. If you have found a place where you think you might be cared for ... then start thinking about how you can care for the people there too. Again, they will likely resist at first, but there are people there who will appreciate who you are and welcome you into "their" church.
You don't know it now, but you are an answer to someone's prayer in that church.
When we learn to trust in God, amazing things begin to happen. But those things don't happen overnight. It will take months. That's right. MONTHS. It's just like starting to go to the gym to get healthier - it takes months. It is the same with your spiritual life. You may be spiritually unfit right now. But you will be fit in a few months. In a few days you'll start to feel different, in a few months you will start being different. Imagine what a few years will bring, and what a few years could bring that church God is calling you to.
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Some "weekly" musings from Pastor Dave as he sits on his porch and drinks coffee, thinking about theology and lifting heavy weights. For gymsharks, there is something called "Flex Fridays," where we vainly put up photos of ourselves flexing. So this blog is my attempt to flex my theological muscles through reflection ... get it?
February 2020


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Characteristics of Magnesia-calcium Brick
Characteristics of magnesia-calcium brick
Magnesia-calcium brick is composed of MgO and CaO and is an alkaline refractory material. And it has the following characteristics:
1, High temperature resistance
The main components of magnesia-calcium bricks are MgO and CaO, both of which are high melting point (2800 ° C and 2570 ° C) oxides, and the co-melting temperature is also above 2300 ° C, so it has good high temperature resistance.
2, Slag resistance
Magnesia-calcium brick has good slag resistance, and the slag alkalinity increases the slag erosion rate will decrease rapidly. The slag invading the brick reacts with CaO in the brick to form C2S and C3S, which is the slag viscosity becomes higher and the wetting angle increases. Prevent the slag from penetrating into the interior of the brick without forming a colloidal layer. For the low alkalinity slag, the CaO of the magnesia-calcium brick is first dissolved, so that the slag is highly alkaline and highly viscous, so that it is more difficult to dissolve, and the magnesia-calcium granule can improve the slag resistance.
3, Thermal shock resistance
Magnesia-calcium bricks contain more free CaO. At high temperatures, the creep is large, and the plasticity can buffer the heat generated by temperature fluctuations, and has good thermal shock resistance.
4, Purification of liquidity
Magnesia-calcium brick contains more free CaO, which is easy to react with inclusions in molten steel, and migrates into slag, which has the function of removing impurities and purifying molten steel.
5, High temperature stability
The high-purity magnesium dolomite brick is stable under high temperature vacuum and has a small weight loss rate, and is more suitable for use in an off-furnace refining furnace having a high temperature vacuum working environment.
6, Easy to hydration
The CaO in the magnesia-calcium brick reacts as long as it encounters water to form Ca (OH)2, which causes it to swell, and the magnesia-calcium sand is powdered, and the brick is cracked or cracked.


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is an option for notebooks that specifies the maximum size in bytes of expressions that will automatically be output in their entirety.
- The default setting for OutputSizeLimit is $OutputSizeLimit.
- OutputSizeLimit is more often set at the level of stylesheets than individual notebooks.
Basic Examples (1)
This produces output that is somewhat lengthy:
Set the OutputSizeLimit to be rather small:
Now the same output as before is shown in a shortened form:
This resets the OutputSizeLimit option to its global setting:
Introduced in 2007


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Blessed Gracija of Muo
Gracija, an Augustinian and hermit, was born on November 27, 1438 in a small village Muo in the Bay of Cattaro and died in Venice on November 9, 1508.
He was a saint of the Eucharist, a modest monk who dedicated himself to the care for the poor and beggars. As he was from a fisherman's family, he became a sailor and on one of his journeys he heard blessed Simon preach. He then dedicated his life to God and entered an Augustinian monastery near Padua. After 15 years he went to the monastery on the little island of St. Christopher, where he died at the age of 70.
Two hundred and fifty years after his death, the body of the blessed Gracija was returned to Muo.
When he opted for monastic life he didn't want to study and become a priest so he lived as a modest monk. He especially worshipped Christ present in the Holy Eucharist. During mass he would be overwhelmed by the mystery of the Eucharist, fed himself with the body of Christ in the Holy Eucharist and spent his free time in adoration of the Blessed Sacrament.
The poor and beggars often came to him and were never refused. He had a word of comfort for everybody and that often meant more than material gifts.
Gracija was beatified in 1889.
© Zagrebačka nadbiskupija


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The Boxing Day special on Nintendo 2DS Mario Kart 7 bundles is already live online and in-store. You can pick one up for just $89.96 during this sale. While the green console has been this price for a few days, this offer is now valid on red and blue as well. If Mario Kart isn't your thing, you can get a 2DS bundle with Yo-Kai Watch for the same price.
The Nintendo 2DS system brings the power of two systems together into a single, affordable package. Play both Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS game in 2D. Connect with friends, other players, and wireless hotspots using the wireless StreetPass and SpotPass communication modes to unlock exclusive content for games and download other entertainment.
Click here to choose your Nintendo 2DS bundle and pick one up before the Boxing Day flyers are delivered and others buy them.


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Get exclusive early access to exhibitions and select events. Find out more today!
Exhibition artist
Bryan Graf
Bryan Graf (b. 1982 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey) received an MFA from Yale University in 2008 and a BFA from the Art Institute of Boston in 2005. Graf has held solo shows nationally and internationally. His work has been exhibited at the George Eastman House Museum, Rochester, New York; Institute of Contemporary Art, Portland, Maine; and DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Lincoln, Massachusetts. Graf was a 2016 recipient of the Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant. Graf's work has appeared in numerous publications, including Blind Spot, Details, Harpers and The New York Times among others. He has published four books: Wildlife Analysis (Conveyor, 2013); Moving Across the Interior ([email protected], 2014); Prismatic Tracks (Conveyor, 2014); and Debris of The Days (Conveyor 2017). His photographs and books are held in the public collections of The Museum of Modern Art, The Portland Museum of Art, Yale's Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, The Victoria and Albert Museum, International Center of Photography, and the Tokyo Institute of Photography.
Bryan Graf is represented by Halsey McKay Gallery, East Hampton, NY; Yancey Richardson Gallery, New York, NY; and Tracey Morgan Gallery, Asheville, NC.
Selected Exhibitions
August 24, 2019 – December 22, 2019


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Curved, Spiral, Zigzag and Straight Line Tracing Worksheet Preschool
Preschool Writing Curved, Spiral, Zigzag, and Straight Line Tracing Worksheet
This fun Line Tracing worksheet hones young learners' fine motor skills. The exercise of drawing curved lines, zigzags, spirals, and straight lines helps children develop better control of their hands and fingers as they use a pencil or crayon. Find similar worksheets for motor development to prepare them for writing exercises!


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Gymnázium Františka Živného - information and computer technology classroom 0.05 km Traffic Course 0.13 km Mowgli ranch 0.14 km Masaryk Primary School and Nursery School - playground and school yard 0.19 km Mowgli trail 0.19 km Hobby Park In Bohumin 0.2 km Kuželna - Rainbow Playground 0.23 km Skrecon bridge 0.24 km Construction of the Skrecon bridge 0.25 km Ice arena Bohumín 0.26 km
The school was founded in 1921 as the Czech national reform grammar school. In the first year, the grammar school was provisionally placed in the German girls' school at the Catholic church. The current school building was built in 1929.


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Patagonia last week opened its first dedicated Worn Wear pop-up store. Located in Boulder, Colo., at a former standard Patagonia retail store, the Worn Wear temportary store will be open through February, said the company.
The store will be stocked with Worn Wear items, or used Patagonia products that have been returned from customers. The store also will offer Patagonia's ReCrafted Collection, a new line of products made from clothing that was beyond repair.
The pop-up is the result of Patagonia relocating its standard Boulder retail location to a larger location in Boulder. When the new store opened at 1630 Pearl, Patagonia still had a few months on its lease at 1212 Pearl Street. The Boulder pop-up store also reportedly will host regular repair and upcycle workshops.


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Sixteen people from Brighton, Fairfield, Wayland, and Olds met at the Brighton Community Church May 28. The evening included praise & worship music, optional individual sharing and a lesson on why, in the recovery process (from any hurt, habit or hangup), there is a need to admit one's wrongs to another person in order to gain healing, freedom and support.
Everyone was again reminded that (1) the national Online Celebrate Recovery Summit will be held this summer July 30 and 31 for which individuals can register online while CR Brighton is planning a central location for viewing and participation; and (2) a 'Welcome Back to CR in Brighton Praise and Pizza Party' is scheduled for our next meeting Thursday, June 4 outdoors at BCC at 6 PM. All family members are welcome.


text: On 12.12.2018 14:59, Dimitry Andric wrote: >>>> ld: error: undefined symbol: clang::CallExpr::getLocStart() const >>>>>>> referenced by MacOSXAPIChecker.cpp:86 >>>>>>> (/usr/src/contrib/llvm/tools/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/MacOSXAPIChecker.cpp:86) >>>>>>> MacOSXAPIChecker.o:((anonymous >>>>>>> namespace)::MacOSXAPIChecker::CheckDispatchOnce(clang::ento::CheckerContext&, >>>>>>> clang::CallExpr const*, llvm::StringRef) const) in >>>>>>> archive /usr/obj/usr/src/amd64.amd64/lib/clang/libclang/libclang.a > > Any ideas on how to reproduce this build failure? I have run multiple > universe builds before committing this update, and I never saw any error > which resembles the above. rm -rf /usr/obj/src helps to get rid of this error. I've had /usr/obj from previous version (but I didn't use -DNO_CLEAN!). > It almost looks as if your libclang.a is not rebuilt properly, or not > built at all. Can you show the time stamps of: I can not, as I cleaned up /usr/obj/src and now I have clean build. -- // Lev Serebryakov -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: signature.asc Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 963 bytes Desc: OpenPGP digital signature URL: <http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/attachments/20181212/f261df0d/attachment.sig>


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Persistence Market Research
$ 4900
X-rays use ionizing radiations to generate images of organs in the body. The patient is exposed to an X-ray beam where the x-rays are absorbed or scattered by the internal structures and the remaining are passed to the detector, which processes the image. Hands are an important part of the body and their exposure to the X-ray beam should be limited. X-ray gloves are used to constrict and disable the scattered radiation in the benefit of the healthcare providers who are continuously exposed to X-rays.
These imaging devices find vast application in healthcare facilities such as in X-ray machines, CT-scans, MRI and mammography. Patients and coworkers who are constantly exposed to radiations may have cell damage, which could lead to the development of tumors and cancers. These imaging tests are useful in the case of patients as they are not frequently exposed to the radiations. On the other hand, X-ray gloves are essential for healthcare providers who are frequently exposed to radiations. X-ray gloves provide a protective barrier, which helps in the attenuation of radiations. These X-ray gloves help in preventing direct contact with the body, while still enabling successful procedures.
The x-ray glove market is primarily driven by the increasing number of examinations and procedures for many indications such as cancers, angiography, MRI and others. Moreover, as the X-ray is a noninvasive technique that helps in the diagnosis of diseases in a short time, patients are opting for X-ray among all diagnosis tests, which in turn is driving the demand for X-ray gloves. X-rays are also useful for heart patients as they guide medical professionals during the insertion of catheters or stents. Moreover, X-ray gloves are mandatory for healthcare professionals as they are frequently exposed to the ionizing radiations, which have the potential to damage the DNA. Individuals frequently exposed to these radiations also face a risk of developing cancer later in life. In procedures such as fluoroscopy, the skin is exposed to radiations for a longer period of time and thus, there is a chance of tissue damage. This damage can be prevented with the use of X-ray gloves as a protection barrier. The awareness regarding X-ray gloves among developing nations is low and with its rise, the markets in the regions will witness phenomenal growth in the coming years.
X-Ray Glove Market: Segmentation
Tentatively, the global X-ray glove market has been segmented on the basis of product type and end user.
Based on product type, the global X-ray glove market has been segmented as:
Based on the end user, the global X-ray glove market has been segmented as:
X-ray glove market: Regional Outlook
Geographically, the X-ray glove market has been segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East & Africa and Japan. The X-ray glove market in North America is expected to dominate the global X-ray glove market, followed by Europe. The dominance of the North America market can be primarily attributed to the high focus on patient safety, significant investments from the government and private sector and technological advancements. The X-ray glove market in Asia Pacific REGION is expected to grow at a higher rate, owing to the rising number of awareness programs and growing incidences of radiation workers with overexposure to radiations. With the rise in R&D projects in Asian countries such as Japan and Australia, the availability of latex-free and lead-free gloves is expected to rise and gain traction for the market. Regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America are expected to further spur revenue growth during the forecast period.
X-Ray Glove Market: Market Participants
Some of the major players identified in the X-ray glove market are Infab, MAVIG, Medical Index, Scanflex Medical, Wolf X-Ray, AADCO Medical, Cablas, Rego X-Ray, Anetic Aid, CAWO Solutions, Epimed, JPI Healthcare, BLOXR Solutions and Wardray Premise. Major market players are involved in collaboration agreements in order to exploit maximum potential and mainly focus on strengthening the core competencies of their product portfolios.
MRR.BIZ has been compiled in-depth market research data in the report after exhaustive primary and secondary research. Our team of able, experienced in-house analysts has collated the information through personal interviews and study of industry databases, journals, and reputable paid sources.
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The main aim of the report is to:
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Quintag Holdings Ltd
Purchased in 1995 and converted to a dairy farm, Quintag Holdings is 322 ha and milks 1220 cows.
Quintag is fully irrigated with new pivots installed in 2017 along with an upgraded underpass linking the farm. Farm buildings include a 50 bail rotary with NU Pulse milking plant and ACR's. The dairy is on an elevated site with a rectangular yard and an auto flood wash system. There is also an old woolshed converted for rearing calves along with a three bay grain/calf shed and various implement sheds on farm.
Staff accommodation includes an Executive 4 bedroom Managers house (built in 2007), Two x 3 bedroom homes and 2 x 2 bedroom flats for single quarters.
Quintag is managed by Adrian & Andrea Munoz who have been with Spectrum Group since 2010 and previously managed Island Glen Dairies before moving to Quintag in June 2013. They employ five permanent staff including 2IC's and farm assistants.
The farm is well located and only 8km from the township of Ashburton. Ashburton is an excellent service centre for all farming needs and has excellent pre-school, primary and secondary schooling. Ashburton is surrounded by accessible rivers for fishing and Lake Hood is situated five minutes drive from the town.
1220 Cows
322 ha


text: Infection Control in Primary Dental Care (BDJ Clinician's Guide) (by 0 people) Please click here to login before submitting your review. ISBN 978-3-030-16306-8 Class D 270 FUL Author - Personal name Fulford, MR; Stankiewicz, NR Title statement Infection Control in Primary Dental Care (BDJ Clinician's Guide) Publication , distribution etc. (Imprint BDJ Springer, 2020 Physical description Verifiable CPD is available on this title through the eBooks CPD course Series statement added entry - title BDJ Clinician's Guides General note £109.99. Read more about this book Subject - Topical term CLINICIANS GUIDES; EBOOKS; ONLINE BOOKS; CROSS INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICE; GDPS; GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS; DISINFECTION; WATERLINES; WATER LINES; HYGIENE; VERIFIABLE CPD Electronic location and access This book can be read online - click here & log in with your Membership no. & your Library password. Close More Information Close Location Call No Status British Dental Association D 270 FUL On Loan with 0 reserves 26/05/2020 British Dental Association D 270 FUL Available Reviews Close Create a review Rate : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Comment : Close


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Friday, January 24, 2003
My question is, "Who is going to prosecute the Justice Department for miscarriage of justice?" Another thing we should add to the deficit numbers is the amount the government will have to eventually pay out in damage settlements. Real justice would be handing the bill to the principals of this disaster, Ashcroft, Bush, Ridge, et al.
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At SIG, we've seen too many problematic contracts and want to help avoid the issues they typically create. In this webinar, Dr. Werner Heijstek, Principal Consultant at SIG, lays out 3 best practices to address the most common issues we see in software outsourcing:
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- Auditing clauses often provide a poor basis for constructive escalation
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You'll get practical takeaways on how to improve your contracts to prevent future escalations. It will help you to create contracts going forward that result in delivery that's on-time and on-budget; and systems that are future-proof.
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To watch the session, submit your details using the form on the right, and we'll send you the recording.
Featured Speaker: Moderator:
Dr. Werner Heijstek Maria Sheeran
Principal Consultant Senior Marketing Strategist


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Elaine Tyrrell QSM, Founder of FCN in NZ
Elaine has been involved with parish nursing since 1998 when she set up a ministry at Nelson Cathedral, so becoming the first Anglican Parish Nurse in New Zealand.
She completed her basic FCN training in Adelaide with the Australian Faith Community Nurses Association (AFCNA) in 2000 and friendships were formed with Dr Anne van Loon (Director of Development of AFCNA) and Dr Merilyn Annells (then Chairperson of AFCNA) who subsequently supported the establishment of faith community nursing in New Zealand. Enquiries came from throughout New Zealand and from international visitors to Nelson such that there was a need to develop networking and training within the country. Dr Anne van Loon has led several training courses within New Zealand – her first visit being to Christchurch in 2001 when NZAFCN was inaugurated and Elaine was invited on the Board. NZFCNA in its present form was born in 2003 when Elaine became chairman.
In 2004, the General Synod of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia recognised faith community nursing as a valid, important ministry within the church and supports its parishes in developing this outreach. Elaine is the Parish Nurse Advisor within the Nelson Diocese.
Elaine's husband, the Dean Emeritus, has not only supported this ministry but included it in his Masters dissertation. In 2006, he received the QSO in the Queen's birthday honours list in recognition of his service to the community including the development of parish nursing within New Zealand.
Elaine also works as a rehabilitation nurse in Nelson Hospital and her thesis for her Master in Health Science focussed on the perspective of older patients and their family members about the role of nursing in rehabilitation.
!n the Queen's birthday honours of 2016 Elaine was awarded the Queen's Service Medal in recognition of her work in founding Faith Community Nursding in NZ.


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A new simple but dangerous strain of Android malware has been found in the wild that steals users' authentication cookies from the web browsing and other apps, including Chrome and Facebook, installed on the compromised devices.
Dubbed "Cookiethief" by Kaspersky researchers, the Trojan works by acquiring superuser root rights on the target device, and subsequently, transfer stolen cookies to a remote command-and-control (C2) server operated by attackers.
"This abuse technique is possible not because of a vulnerability in the Facebook app or browser itself," Kaspersky researchers said. "Malware could steal cookie files of any website from other apps in the same way and achieve similar results."
By Ravie Lakshmanan
To read the full article, please click here.


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Hackett Catholic Prep gives Panthers a rare challenge
Hackett Catholic Prep gives Panthers a rare challenge
Hackett Catholic Prep gives Panthers a rare challenge
The Panthers found themselves in a ballgame for the first time in nearly a month Monday and came through with three runs in the bottom of the sixth inning to pull in front for a 7-5 win over visiting Hackett Catholic Prep.
The Delton Kellogg varsity girls' improved to 8-0 against Southwestern Athletic Conference foes and 17-0 overall with a sweep of their conference doubleheader in Delton.
The Panthers took the opener 11-1 and then rallied late to win game two 7-5. The last time a team was within single digits of the Panthers in the scoring column at the end of a ballgame was in the championship game of the Barry County Invitational in Hastings when the DK girls scored a 4-2 win over Lakewood April 13.
Hackett scored four runs in the opening inning of game two in Delton Monday and led 5-3 after three innings. The game stayed that way until the Panthers scored three times in the bottom of the sixth to pull in front.
Erin Kapteyn hit a one-out single into left field. She and Lizzy Fichtner both came around to score as the Irish threw the ball around a bit, putting the Panthers in front, and then Josie Lyons capped the scoring with an inside the park home run into center field. Delanie Aukerman followed with a triple, but was stranded at third.
Aubrey Aukerman singled twice and drove in a run for Delton in the win. Hailey Buckner had Delton Kellogg's only other hit. Aubrey Aukerman and Fichtner each drove in one run.
Buckner got the win in the circle for Delton Kellogg. She struck out seven in seven innings while allowing five runs on four hits and six walks.
Kapteyn and Katie Tobias each belted a home run in the Panthers' 11-1 five-inning win in game one.
Tobias was 3-for-3 with three RBI. Aubrey Aukerman was 2-for-3 with two runs and two RBI. Fichtner had one hit, two runs and two RBI as well. Kapteyn drove in two runs. Buckner had their team's other hit.
Kapteyn held the Irish to two singles, earning the win. She struck out four and walked four.


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