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Talking Tom and Friends - Assertive App (Season 1 Episode 4)
Ben and I made an assertiveness app… and, well, things got a bit out of hand! Season 2 is coming soon! In the meantime, download all of Season 1 here: http://outfit7.com/talking-tom-and-friends/ Subscribe to Talking Tom and Friends YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/TalkingFriends?su...
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Cheating Tom 4 Hair Stylist Wannabe - Android Gameplay HD
FOR MORE ANDROID GAMES -http://www.youtube.com/user/androidgameplaynet?sub_confirmation=1 Cheating Tom 4 Hair Stylist Wannabe by Crazy Labs Tom, a Genius School graduate, is looking for his dream job. What'll it be? Astronaut? Firefighter? Pilot? Guess again… he's decided to become a superstar ha...
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Toonami - TOM 4 Intro (2007)
The fifth Toonami intro for Toonami's second host TOM but with a redesign and animated face and different body. Also, in a new location instead of the Absolution which is now somewhat of a jungle area. New co-hosts D and Flash are there to help TOM too. SARA is also no longer on Toonami after thi...
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Talking Tom Shorts 4 - Potions
Potions! Aaaah, potions! I will try them ALL! Gulp gulp… uh oh… what's happening?! Check out all other My Talking Tom Shorts: http://bit.ly/MTTShortsPlaylist Download My Talking Tom app for iOS, Android and Windows Phone 8: http://o7n.co/MyTom Subscribe to my YouTube channel: http://www.youtu...
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Kiilto Opal lacquer meets fire safety criteria (IMO)
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subset: commoncrawl


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February 4, 2015 at 1:40 am #35775
Eagle223usa, I believe that you are right that some need to know they voted over and over for the socialists they need to stay in bed with them.February 4, 2015 at 1:44 am #35777
MB, I do agree that we need to give all a second chance but Eagle223usa does have a point if they are teachers that teach socialism to our kids in schools need to make it clear that they were wrong doing so.February 4, 2015 at 2:45 am #35781
We need some good old fashion McCarthyism . But that Communists and Socialists will be branded with the same iron .February 4, 2015 at 2:57 am #35785
"But that Communists and Socialists will be branded with the same iron". –
Why Is that a problem?February 4, 2015 at 3:17 am #35787
Not a problem at all . Sooner the better .
Attachments:You must be logged in to view attached files.February 4, 2015 at 11:21 am #35792
Only cure to cancer is to cut it out completely! The cancer is Communism.February 4, 2015 at 1:23 pm #35797
Not trure freedom, radiation therapy works as well.February 4, 2015 at 1:48 pm #35800
Some radiations don't kill they person with cancer, it sometimes cures the cancer. There is no cure for the communist! A good communist is a dead communist period!February 5, 2015 at 12:15 am #35871
This is on topic , but not about the US for now , but it shows how people start to become awake . I have been following the Ukrainian civil war closely , and whatever the propaganda is here , oversimplified , the eastern Ukrainians ( Novorussia ) is fighting for their homes and their land , the western Ukrainians are basically fighting for the banksters . The Ukrainian Army has been having its a$$ handed to them , throughout most of the conflict . Its getting worse for them as well . The DPR Army is better , better because they are better led , angry , and motivated . They must also have some very good marksmen in their ranks , as the number of head shots I see on UAF dead are very high . DPR PM Kazharchenko , has an interesting strategy going . I have no idea if its deliberate or a result of natural progression of events . What he has been doing is letting UAF POW's simply go home ……….no strings attached , he has been doing this for a little while now . He first shows them the results of their artillery on women and children , then has a long man to man talk with them , ……………then lets them call their mothers or wives to come pick them up and take them home with the warning that should they return in a hostile way , they will be killed . What this has done , has let combat soldiers spread the word of what is really going on vs. what the Ukrainian media propaganda has been saying . You cant argue with somebody that has been there and seen things with their own eyes ………….now the people are asking serious questions about the war , protesting and demonstrating …………………….this will continue as even more UAF soldiers are released by the DPR . The Kiev government is now getting shaky because the people are waking up to what is really going on .February 5, 2015 at 11:42 am #35903
people in Britain may or may not watch the news, they may or may not buy a daily newspaper, but they aren't much interested in what goes on outside the borders of their own country by and large. "prepping" is something "those crazy Americans do like you know on that Doomsday Preppers programme on TV". they just go about their little boring daily lives and are only concerned where to go for their next foreign holiday or what they are going to buy for their childs next birthday. even when you do talk to anyone prepping its for things like illness, unemployment and the odd bad weather…that it, or what I call "normal life", nobody seems to be able to see the bigger picture, nobody gets it.
British Survivalist.February 5, 2015 at 12:21 pm #35906
Lonewolf, people are prepping for those things because they are what happens.
And here's the thing, that's "gateway" prepping.
Much like gateway drugs, once someone gets started on the path, if they have any real inclination, they will eventually expand their preps.
Go ahead, worry about supervolcanoes, economic crashes and other black swan events. They don't happen everyday whereas unemployment does.
What if the bigger picture is that one still needs to live and enjoy life.February 5, 2015 at 12:58 pm #35907
The interest rate on savings is negative. Thats the big picture. We're in an economic crash. But there are so many delusional "everything is fine" robots running around trying to be happy its giving to many people a false sense of security. The "we're all in this together" crowd are in for a shock when they find that isn't the case. Society is a wild animal and it can and will bite.February 5, 2015 at 1:43 pm #35913

Whirlibird wrote:
Lonewolf, people are prepping for those things because they are what happens.
And here's the thing, that's "gateway" prepping.

Much like gateway drugs, once someone gets started on the path, if they have any real inclination, they will eventually expand their preps.
Go ahead, worry about supervolcanoes, economic crashes and other black swan events. They don't happen everyday whereas unemployment does.
What if the bigger picture is that one still needs to live and enjoy life.
I don't understand it, I call unemployment, illness and bad weather "normal life", I and many others have survived these many, many times and long before I ever heard the word "prepper"(I'd heard of survivalist but "prepper" was a new one).
British Survivalist.February 5, 2015 at 2:28 pm #35917
lonewolf, That is just a new word for the same thing. It is all about survival in bad times. Bad times may come in different forums.
In the U. S. were there has been hurricanes or other type of emergencies the people have learned that the government will not get there in time to help you so here the people have become more of the prepare types and store for these emergencies.
Then many are seeing the national debt go to $18 trillion dollars and it is not stopping just keeps on going up. Will there be an end to this? Will the economy collapse? Now the Euro is doing an QE of $60 Billion Euros a month.
Many are seeing the truth behind the lie.February 5, 2015 at 2:54 pm #35920
Rule #23… Taxes and political correctness are tools of governmental control.
What that means in this instance (semantics and labeling groups with certain instances) is quite simple. Years ago people who "prepped" were almost exclusively those that were older and had lived through the Depression. As time rolled on and smaller, more regional things happened people started to "prepare" for possible crisis. Now that people are starting to see "preparation" as more main stream, there had to be a term for that ideology: enter the word "prepper."
Here in the US, the government found that criminalizing people with this mindset wasn't good for business: Ruby Ridge, Freemen, etc. This meant that ridicule and labeling them as "whack jobs" was the next best approach. Since they are "mentally ill" in the eyes of the government, it is also easier to install regulations that will restrict their ability to prepare and give them a way to stop this "threat" without as much blood shed.
Those that they can't label as "mentally ill" they label as "domestic terrorists." Either way, it is all related to my Rule #23.
When shopping for additonal "items" the other day I was really surprised to find that MANY other people had been purchasing similar items. The guy behind the counter knew EXACTLY what I was doing, even though I had a great cover story. He went so far as to "finger – air quotes" a lot of what I was using as my cover story. It was actually quite awkward in all honesty. This helped me to ponder the same question I posed here: Are people waking up and understanding what is taking place in the world around them?
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Tonight's Event with Author Frances Vieta, Love in the Land of Barefoot Soldiers
Spend your Wednesday evening with the Smith College Club of New York, as author Frances Vieta '64 discusses her new book, Love in the Land of Barefoot Soldiers. This epic historical narrative is part war story, part love story, exploring the failure of The League of Nations in keeping the peace when Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935. In addition to discussing the book, Frances will share vintage video clips to show the historical setting and how the book developed. The event combines a book launch at 6 pm with a dinner; reservations required.
And don't forget to show your school - and city - pride by contributing to The Smith Fund Multi-City Philanthropy Challenge. This five city fundraising drive raises much-needed funds for scholarships for future Smithies, academic program enhancements, facilities and more. Because the Challenge is counting the giving rate -- the number of donors, not the amount of the donation -- your participation is critical. So please consider a gift - even if it's small. Any and all gifts truly do count!
|Connect Event: Frances Vieta '64 discusses her book, Love in the Land of Barefoot Soldiers
Wednesday, 02/4/15 at 6:00pm
An epic historical narrative situated in Ethiopia during the 1930s.
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|Movie Meet-Up
Tuesday, 02/17/15 at 5:30pm
Come watch a movie with Smithies!
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|Book Group - Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence
Monday, 02/23/15 at 6:30pm
Share an evening of stimulating conversation with Smithies.
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|Wendy Wasserstein's Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award-winning Heidi Chronicles Broadway Revival
Monday, 02/23/15 at 8:00pm
Discounted tickets available February 23 - April 20. Produced by Gabby London Palitz '80.
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|Young Alumnae/Young-at-Heart Karaoke (Kips Bay)
Wednesday, 02/25/15 at 6:30pm
Open to all alumnae and friends.
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Please note: Registration fees for events and activities are only transferable to another person to attend the event for which the registration fee has been paid. Registration fees are not transferable to another event or refundable.
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Assemblymember Jim Frazier Issues Statement on Legislature's Approval of 2014-15 State Budget
Sacramento, CA – Today, Assemblymember Jim Frazier (D-Oakley) made the following statement regarding the Legislature's approval of the 2014-15 Budget:
"After months of collaboration between the Governor and the Legislature, I am pleased to see a balanced budget that restores many cuts from recent years, pays down significant debt and establishes a healthy reserve for our state.
This budget increases education funding by $5.6 billion, provides $142 million for drought relief, increases court funding by $223 million and reestablishes the crucial Early Start Program for developmentally disabled children. While this year's plan provides $1.2 billion in overall infrastructure projects, I am hopeful that next year's budget will make a more significant investment in transportation projects that rebuild our roads and put people to work."


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VIDEO: Kate Middleton gets AWKWARD as Prince William tries to indulge in some PDA
Meghan Markle hasn't fully rubbed off on Kate Middleton just yet. The Duchess of Sussex, who has often seen indulging in some adorable PDA with Prince Harry, might have led to Duchess of Cambridge come a little out of her shell but Kate is still not okay showing some public display of affection, at least not yet. The mother-of-three made an appearance with her husband on Berry Royal Christmas Special recently. The royals teamed up with former The Greatest British Bake Off judge Mary Berry for a charitable event.
The special aired on television on Tuesday and there, royal fans noticed Kate getting a tad awkward during an attempted PDA. The royals were deep into conversation with Berry when William addressed Kate when he placed his hand on her shoulder and Kate almost immediately shrugs it off. Before you jump the gun and presume that there could be trouble in paradise, Kate's reaction could possibly be associated with royal etiquettes rather than tension in the marriage.
As already known, royal family members do not indulge in a lot of PDA. So, Kate might have shrugged his hand off as an attempt to maintain royal etiquettes on the show.
Check out the clip below:
The body language in this, I'd say she hates him.#kate
#ABerryRoyalChristmas pic.twitter.com/NCXmSGSAv7
— Caolán Mc Aree (@Caolanmcaree) December 16, 2019
What do you think of Kate Middleton's awkward shrug? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below. Despite the awkward moment, Kate and Will seem to have a ball on the special cooking show. They participated in a friendly baking competition and baked up some delicious dishes, all for a good cause.
Stay tuned to Pinkvilla for more updates.
ALSO READ: Royal fans praise Kate Middleton and Prince William's 'warm and humble' approach in festive documentary


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Fortnite season 3 started by giving us some dangerous new theories about the storyline. For instance, the Device event saw a gradual shift of power, from Midas to Jules. Plans did not exactly go as they were supposed to, and the map got flooded. Nevertheless, the visions we saw during the event gave us some of the most significant clues about the future.
The shift of power was quite visible, especially with how the Agency turned into The Authority. Chapter 2 storyline still has some unanswered questions. Is Midas alive? Is Jules related to Midas? Will she finish what he started? Will the map get back to normal?
All these questions have several theories out there. Here are some of the most plausible theories that might ease our anxiety. However, one never knows for sure with Epic Games as they tend to have a surprise up their sleeve.
Fortnite Chapter 2 storyline and theories
Who is Agent John Jones? The Device event showed us how the entire battle royale simulation is a loop. The endless loop can only be controlled from the outside. The visions can only help us see partials of this, and over time several have tried to escape this loop. However, it doesn't seem like anyone has succeeded so far.
Midas' plan failed to break this loop, that doesn't mean that Jules would fail too. For a brief moment, we saw that the storm was holding back, which means it is still possible. The butterfly dimension zero singularity is something Jules is aware of too. The shark eating Midas is also a part of the loop, and that means he is still alive.
Read more – Valorant to Introduce 6 New Agents a Year
Unanswered questions and Jules being the key for Chapter 2
We saw how the order was restored in the map by allowing the storm to come back, which means the loop is working again. Now, with several unanswered questions, we look to the ones in charge.
Jules knows what went wrong, and she is the engineer. Perhaps the next time she won't make the same mistakes, Midas made The simulation theory is definitely correct, and since it's back, it might need a little time before Midas and Jules remember it again.


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The alliance of opposition named Mahagathbandhan in Bihar likely to announce the seat sharing today as they have called for a meeting.
Congress, RJD, Upendra Kushwaha's RLSP, Jitan Ram Manjhi's Hindustani Awam Morcha (HAM), Sharad Yadav's Loktantrik Janata Dal (LJD) and the Vikashsheel Insaan Party (VIP) are the participants of this grand alliance.
The grand alliance also seeks to have an electoral understanding with the Left Front, which has three constituents in Bihar the CPI, the CPI(ML) and the CPI(M), and the Akhilesh Yadav-led Samajwadi Party (SP) and Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP).
The talks would be centred around a tentative formula wherein the RJD will get the lions to share of 17 seats, followed by 11 seats for the Congress and four for the RLSP. The HAM, LJD and VIP would get one seat each, according to sources in the grand alliance.
It has also been proposed to leave five seats for the Left parties, the SP and the BSP as a goodwill gesture, which may come in handy for the Congress that has a substantial stake in adjoining states of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
The sources said the RJD, which is likely to be represented at the Delhi parleys by its heir apparent Tejashwi Yadav, has misgivings over agreeing to the formula which would require it to drastically scale down its stakes.
The RJD had fought on 27 seats in the 2014 general elections, though it managed to win only four.
Mr Kushwaha, who gave up his ministerial berth in the Narendra Modi government to quit the NDA and join the grand alliance, may find himself vindicated if the RLSP ends up with four seats, which would be twice the number he was reportedly offered by BJP president Amit Shah.
However, Jitan Ram Manjhi's demands that range from "readiness to contest 20 seats" to a number "more than that of even the Congress" or greater than what "later entrants like the RLSP" were to get squirmed when reporters approached him with queries about the tentative formula on Tuesday.
"After the rounds of talks with alliance partners on March 13 and 14, we will be holding our parliamentary board meeting on March 15 where further decisions will be taken," Jitan Ram Manjhi said.
The rumblings within the ''mahagathbandhan'' are being closely watched by the NDA, comprising the BJP, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar's JD(U) and Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP.
ALSO READ: PM, Unfortunately, Did Not Have The Love He Should Have Had': Rahul Gandhi
"We have already announced that the BJP and the JD(U) will fight 17 seats each leaving the remaining six for the LJP. The announcement of candidates will be made before the notification for the first phase on March 18," a senior NDA leader said.
"We have no problem with the Mahagathbandhan announcing its nominees before us. They may wallow in the impression of having stolen a march. We would be getting the opportunity to make last-minute strategic decisions," the leader said.
June 16 , 2020
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Galatasaray could look to cut short Florin Andone's season-long loan deal.
According to reports in Turkey, they will look to agree a way out if a knee injury suffered at the weekend proves serious.
Albion are not commenting on the report.
Andone moved to Istanbul early this season and has been playing in both league and Champions League.
He has made no secret of what he hopes will happen, tweeting: "Didn't finish my job here, the best is yet to come."
Andone's compatriot Tudor Baluta, the Albion under-23s midfielder, could get a chance off the bench for the Romania senior side in a Euro 2020 qualifier against Sweden tomorrow.


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CHICAGO, July 29 (UPI) -- The Chicago City Council has established new curfews for children under 12 and parents of repeat violators could pay heavy fines, officials in City Hall said.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel has given his blessing to the curfews, which require the young children to be inside by 8:30 p.m. weekdays and 9 p.m. on weekends, the Chicago Tribune reported Friday.
Emanuel said parents who exercise "insufficient control" could be fined up to $500 or community service if their young children receive two curfew citations in a calendar year, and fines up to $1,500 for "three strikes."
"I grew up with a curfew," Emanuel said. "When the lights on the street went on, you took your tail and made it home and [got] in the house. And that's what I believe is the right policy for the safety and security of our kids … it means that we're aligning good parenting and the laws of the city."
Former Mayor Richard Daley set the curfew times two years ago at 10 p.m. weekdays and 11 p.m. weekends for children under 17. The same curfew had also applied to younger children.


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TRIES from Sam Hardcastle, Ben Russell and James Griffiths proved not enough as Bournemouth were humbled at home by National Two South rivals Clifton.
Lions sunk to the bottom of the table following a 43-17 defeat to the Bristol-based outfit and fellow strugglers Sutton & Epsom overcame Barnes 23-17 at home.
The hosts were slow out of the blocks at Chapel Gate on Saturday, conceding tries to Clifton's Harry Bate (2) and Bentley Halpin inside the opening 23 minutes.
Veteran Hardcastle and Russell then responded to put the game in the balance at 15-10 in favour of the visitors at the break.
But Clifton powered away with four tries following the interval – Griffiths's late score proved consolation for the hosts.
In Hampshire Premier, tries from Dalton Thomas, Ryan Morrell (2), Sam Bew and Ben Steers earned New Milton a 28-8 home victory over Bognor.


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Detroit boy, 4, mauled to death by 60lb pit bull despite mother trying to stop attack by stabbing dog
Officers had to use stun guns to free the child from the dog, which was later euthanized. The family revealed they had taken in the dog 'as a kind gesture to help a friend in need'.
A pit bull that weighed 60 lbs mauled a four-year-old child to death despite the boy's mother doing her best to stop the attack by stabbing the dog.
The child has been identified by the family as Benjamin Cobb who was pronounced dead on Tuesday night after sustaining serious injuries to the neck and body in the attack. The horrific incident took place in Hazel Park in the north of Detroit.
At around 6.45 pm Cobb's sister, 14, called 911 to report that her mother was trying to fend off the pit bull from attacking her brother in their home located in East Woodruff Avenue. According to The Detroit News, the authorities shared that the mother, 38, even cut the animal with a knife to stop the dog, but it continued to attack the child.
Officers had to use stun guns to free the child from the dog, which was later euthanized. The family released a statement on Wednesday revealing that they had taken in the dog "as a kind gesture to help a friend in need".
They also added that the pit bull had not shown any aggressive behavior prior to the incident. The statement continued, "This has taken an unimaginable toll on our family, friends, and all those who knew our sweet boy".
Officials shared, "A preliminary finding appears that this case was a tragic incident and the investigation continues to determine why the dog attacked the boy."
"The Hazel Park Police Department extends its sympathy to the family and friends of the deceased," the officials added. The family of the victim has set up a GoFundMe page in order to raise money for the funeral expenses.
The recent attack follows another attack three months ago where a nine-year-old child Emma Hernandez was mauled to death by a pit bull in Detroit while riding her bike.


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Medieval and Industrial Civilization: Developmental Parallels
29 December 2012
To compare medieval civilization and industrial civilization may be a bit like comparing apples and oranges, since the two ideas come from two different civilizational periodizations based on different ideas of organizing our thought about civilization. The idea of medieval civilization derives from the familiar Western scheme of periodizing civilization into ancient, medieval and modern, while the idea of industrial civilization derives from the more recent tripartite periodization of human history in hunter-gatherer nomadism, agrarian civilization, and industrial civilization.
Nevertheless, I think that there is something to be learned from comparison and contrast even across incommensurable paradigms, if not especially across incommensurable paradigms. From a philosophical point of view, there is nothing more interesting that comparing distinct ontologies, which is to say, comparing the different ways that different philosophers divide up one and the same world into ultimate constituents — or, to appeal to two different images used by contemporary philosophers: 1) comparing two different inventories of the ultimate furniture of the universe, or 2) comparing two different ways of carving nature at the joints. Medieval and industrial civilization represent two distinct ways of carving civilization at the joints.
I often appeal to examples and parallels drawn from medieval civilization, because medieval civilization has a special didactic value: with medieval civilization we have an instance of a particular species of civilization that emerged within historical times, flourished, and then vanished, so that the whole of the process was documented and the story of this civilization itself is a completed narrative with a beginning, a middle, and an end.
When we think of our own industrialized civilization as a whole — and while I think of it like this all the time, this is atypical, because most people don't notice their own civilization any more than the air they breathe — we tend to think of it as a phenomenon at or near its full developmental potential. The persistent apocalypticism and declensionism of our times encourages us in this view, because it suggests that our civilization has reached its peak and has no where to go but down. This is a mistake. Some day we will be able to say of industrial-technological civilization that it had a beginning, a middle, and an end and achieved narrative closure in this way. At present, however, industrialized civilization is a work in progress. We do not yet know what it will look like from a distance, as it were, when we (or others) are able to bear witness not only to its rise and greatness, but also to its decline and fall.
What I would like to suggest is that we do not yet even know what industrial-technological civilization will look like at its height, much less its maturity, because we are still in the formative stages of our civilization, such as it is. The industrial revolution, beginning a little more than two hundred years ago, has still to transform all the world. It is steadily working toward this transformation, and we can see the signs of this transformation everywhere, but we can also see that this transformation is far from complete.
I have argued in The Industrial-Technological Thesis (and argued the underside of the same in Industrial-Technological Disruption) that the civilization now being constituted is uniquely characterized by the spiraling feedback of science, technology, and engineering. I tried to refine how this escalating cycle of feedback came into existence in The Human Condition Made Rigorous, and I tried to show how this cycle can fail or be interrupted in Industrial-Technological Disruption.
If I am right about our civilization being uniquely characterized by this spiral of advancing science, technology, and engineering, industrialized civilization will always be changing and never reach a point of equilibrium. This would make it problematic to identify any particular point of height or maturity for this civilization, but we can take a different perspective by understanding the consolidation (and therefore, in a sense, the maturity) of industrial-technological civilization to have come about when the world entire exemplifies this form of civilization. I suggested in The Re-Proletarianization of the Workforce that it is only at this point of industrial maturity that Marx's predictions can be judged to be true or failed.
To return to the example of medieval civilization, if an individual today is familiar with medieval civilization at all, they are likely to be familiar only with the later stages of medieval civilization, unless they appeal to a semi-mythical Arthurian England (or its equivalents elsewhere in Europe). Except for scholars in medieval history, little is known of early medieval history. If one begins to become aware of medieval history with the crusades, moving on to the construction of the great cathedrals, the formulation of the scholastic intellectual synthesis, the Black Death, and then the gradual unwinding of medieval institutions under the pressure of emerging modernity (really, modernism without industrialism), one is beginning with a civilization already more at less at its height, having reached a point of internal development that it turns to projecting its power outward into the wider world.
Prior to the crusades, medieval civilization had at least five hundred years of development to bring itself to a point of development at which it possessed the resources to engage in the crusades, which not only involved a lot of second sons looking for glory (and loot), but also arms and armor, shipping, foodstuffs, and the maintenance of institutions in the absence of significant military assets. It is, of course, controversial to fix a particular date for the beginning of medievalism, but somewhere between, say, the 400s to the 500s AD, Roman imperial power collapsed in Western Europe and was replaced by local regimes and a local way of life focused on the land, not on trade or industry.
As I said, it is inherently controversial to name a date at which medieval civilization begins, but even if we fix that beginning at any of the later dates that are sometimes used, the medieval world developed for hundreds of years before it reached its maturity, and it is only in its maturity that those of us who are not medieval scholars begin to become aware of medieval history. In other words, the whole of industrial-technological civilization, as it has existed so far, occupies less than half of the time that was needed for medieval civilization to come to maturity.
Although history now proceeds at a blistering pace, the potential scope of a civilization is much larger. Medieval civilization took almost five hundred years to consolidate itself in the Western European peninsula. Despite the rapidity of history in the industrial age, we can see with our own eyes that a little over two hundred years of development have sufficed to bring industrialized civilization to much of the world, but not yet all of the world, and as we make this observation it is intuitively obvious (as much as anything in history can be said to be intuitively obvious) that global consolidation is the inevitable telos of industrialism. Our civilization is more dynamic and faster moving, but it has much more ground to cover before it could be said to have achieved its natural teleology.
In the far future, when our distant progeny can see industrial-technological civilziation synoptically, as a whole, I think it will be clear that, two hundred years into the process of industrialization, that process is still far from complete, and the civilzation that will issue from this process is still far from reaching its mature form and attaining the heights of its development.
In some earlier posts I have already alluded to this. In Social Consensus in Industrialized Society I suggested that industrial society had passed through two paradigms of social organization and was more-or-less groping its way to a third paradigm of social organization. Industrial society may ultimately have to pass through many stages of social paradigmata before it arrives at a form of social organization that is in consonance with the institutions of industrialized society.
In The Next Axial Age I suggested that each macro-historical division of civilization may come to maturity in an axial age, that the Axial Age identified by Karl Jaspers was but the Axial Age of Agrarian civilization, and that industrialized civilization may yet be hundreds of years from its axial moment.
The absence of adequate social institutions and of an axialization period clearly points to industrial-technological civilization being yet in its formative stages.
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In the Shadow of Civilization
28 September 2012
Submerged Civilizations: another species
to add to the zoo of civilizations
I have learned many valuable lessons from hostile criticism. It was Bertrand Russell's criticism of Bergson (across several different books) that led me to read Bergson himself, and when I did so (mindful of Russell's own advice that, "to read an author simply in order to refute him is not the way to understand him") I realized that even if all of Russell's criticisms were technically true in the narrow sense, that none of them touched the spirit of Bergson's philosophy. Like Russell, Walter Kaufmann was a master of the deftly-executed hatchet job, done with a clear conscience. By calling some of Kaufmann's criticisms of other philosophers "hatchet jobs" I am not saying that they are wrong or illegitimate, I am only making a point about the spirit in which they are executed.
You will not be surprised to hear, then, that it was Walter Kaufmann's essays on Toynbee that led me to read Toynbee, so I began my reading of Toynbee with Kaufmann's criticisms ringing in my ears. Kaufmann took up Toynbee in the last two chapters of his From Shakespeare to Existentialism, Chapter 19 "Toynbee and Super-History" and Chapter 20 "Toynbee and Religion." After you read these two chapters you are likely to feel dumbfounded that Toynbee had the temerity to publish such half-baked thoughts. There is, then, an element of incredulity involved when hostile criticism leads you to look up the original author to see what he really said.
Just as Russell was right about Bergson, Kaufmann was right about Toynbee, but i have still returned to Toynbee and found something of value — not all the baroque details of the exposition, and not even the grand schema of his thought, but the occasional idea, plucked out of context here and there. I have, in this manner, plucked many ideas out of Toynbee, who has proved to be a fertile source for ideas about the typology and classification of civilizations.
I have been explicit in my own criticism of Toynbee, as when I pointed out in Why We Are All Eskimos that Toynbee had it exactly backward when he classified Eskimos (and, more generally, nomadic hunter-gatherers of the far northern latitudes) as an "arrested civilization." Nevertheless, I find the ideas of arrested civilizations (Eskimos and Polynesians for Toynbee) and abortive civilizations (Vikings and the "Celtic Fringe" of Irish Christianity in late antiquity and the early middle ages) to be quite useful and, indeed, enlightening. In coming to a comprehensive understanding of civilization, we also need to study the blind alleys of civilizations and sub-civilizational development.
Toynbee also discussed "fossil" civilizations (this seems to have particularly irritated Kaufmann) and another kind of civilization that he does not name or explicitly identify, but illustrates with an imaginative story:
"If Christendom had succumbed to the Vikings — falling under their domination and failing to convert them to its Faith — we can imagine the Mass being celebrated mysteriously for centuries in the underworld of a new society in which the prevailing religion was the worship of Aesir. We can also imagine this new society, as it grew in wisdom and stature, failing to find satisfaction in the religious heritage of the Scandinavian Völkerwanderung and seeking for the bread of spiritual life in the soil on which, when the Völkerwanderung had subsided, the new society had found rest for the sole of its foot. In such a spiritual famine the remnant of an older religion, instead of being stamped out as in our Western history witchcraft was stamped out when it caught the attention of the Church, might have been rediscovered as a hidden treasure; and some religious genius might have met the needs of his age by an exotic combination of the submerged Christian rite with latter-day barbarian orgies derived from the Finns or the Magyars."
Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, Volume 1, Part One, 1, C, I, b (p. 99 in my edition)
There are many features of this passage that perfectly illustrate the qualities of Toynbee's thought that rightly irritated Kaufmann. Toynbee was definitely of the "tender-minded" temperament, and he tried to place his own religious faith in the best possible light. For my part, I should much rather participate in the orgies of the Finns and Magyars and leave Christianity submerged, but Toynbee had a touching attachment to his Christianity, and I have no doubt that Kaufmann was right when he identified this as the source of Toynbee's thought and his popularity, especially in America. Amid all the tedious details about internal and external proletariats, people want to be reassured that all is for the best and good will triumph in the end. Well, we need not fall to this level of vulgarity to find something of value in Toynbee's conception of a submerged civilization.
Toynbee's fantasy of a submerged Christianity in the underworld of a triumphant Viking civilization is, in fact, the exact opposite of what did happen: a submerged Viking civilization in the underworld of a triumphant Christendom. And I think it is right to say that Viking civilization was submerged and that it didn't just vanish in a puff of smoke when the leadership of Scandinavian society was converted to Christianity. In fact, Viking civilization moved to Iceland. Iceland remained Viking and pagan for quite some time after the Scandinavian continent was firmly under Christian control.
Even after Iceland, too, was converted to Christianity (a transition that is captured in Njal's Saga) it continued to be culturally part of the Viking legacy for hundreds of years. It was not until the high middle ages that the Icelandic sagas were set to paper, constituting one of the world's great literary tradition, and in a sense even expressing the essence of Viking civilization after than civilization had effectively disappeared from history.
In several posts (among them, Axialization of the Nomadic Paradigm, Addendum on Axialization: Organicism and Ecology, and Axialization and Institutionalization) I have suggested a generalization of Jaspers' conception of an Axial Age, so that the one-off process that Jaspers identified can be conceived as a more general process of axialization that occurs in different societies in different times. I will not try to give a full exposition of this at present, but I realize now that the idea of an Axial Age can be made both more general and more particular. Among the Axial Age that Jaspers identified, a global transition of world history manifested in many different civilizations, we can identify subdivisions within this Axial Age, as, for example, the axialization of Hindu civilization and the axialization of Buddhist civilization, etc.
This sketch of the concept of axialization can then be applied to submerged civilizations, and what I am here suggesting is that in the case of Viking civilization that it achieved its axialization after it became a submerged civilization, with its axialization taking the form of the literature of the Icelandic sagas. In so far as the essence of a civilization may continue in its submerged form, even after that civilization has disappeared from history in its explicit form, its essential elements may yet be expressed in a posthumous axialization.
One way to express this would be to say that abortive or arrested civilizations attain their fully civilization status only in the event of ex post facto axialization. Or this observation can be employed as the ground of a distinction, and we can distinguish between abortive or arrested civilizations with and without ex post facto axialization.
The Christian occlusion of Viking civilization was permanent, although Viking civilization continued in the shadows for centuries allowing it to come to a furtive axialization. There is also the possibility of the temporary occlusion of a civilization. Civilizations conquered or colonized almost always result in the native civilization going underground and becoming a submerged civilization. An obvious case of this is the civilization of the native peoples of the Americas, which continues to this day, more than five hundred years later, as a submerged civilization. Who is to say whether or not this submerged civilization might not rise again in the fullness of time, although the thorough-going syncretism of Latin Christianity and native elements argues against this.
A perhaps less obvious example might be that of the temporary occlusion of Hindu civilization during Britain's three hundred year rule of the Indian subcontinent, or any of the other major colonizations of world history, when that colonization eventually came to an end and a post-colonial regime attempted to restore the civilization that preceded conquest and colonization. In the case of Hindu civilization in India, the submergence was relatively brief; it could be argued that there was also a submergence of Hindu civilization under the Muslim Mogul emperors.
Civilizations across Africa, Asia, and the Americas were all submerged to a greater or lesser degree. Some have reemerged into the light of day; some, like the Vikings, have been permanently extirpated, but may yet experience a posthumous axialization. But the widespread fact of submerged civilization points to the importance and usefulness of the concept.
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Axialization and Institutionalization
15 March 2012
In several posts I have suggested a generalization of Karl Jaspers idea of an "Axial Age." For Jaspers (and Lewis Mumford, and others who have followed them), the "Axial Age" was a unique period of human history in which peoples all over the world generated the religious and philosophical ideas that were to inform all subsequent civilization, and chronologically corresponded to the period from about the 8th to 3rd centuries BC. I call the generalization of the idea of a "Axial Age" "axialization," which seeks to understand the processes of Jasper's Axial Age as a general historical process that is not confined to the single instance Jaspers had in mind.
The posts I have written on this include (inter alia):
● The Axialization of the Nomadic Paradigm
● Axial Crisis or Axial Fulfillment?
I have just realized that axialization as an historical process is closely tied to institutionalization as an historical process. In so far as axialization involves a period of unusual intellectual innovation, creativity, and originality in which new ideas and new traditions emerge, it is to be expected that later less creative ages will seek to formulate, elaborate, and establish these intellectual innovations of an Axial Age, and this latter process is institutionalization.
The great religious traditions of the world's great divisions of civilizations that were the focus of Jaspers' conception of an Axial Age, I have previously observed, were all emergent from agricultural civilization, and, at least to a certain extent, reflect the concerns of agricultural civilization. In this spirit, I suggested that the the great cave paintings of the late Paleolithic in ice age Europe constituted an axialization of the nomadic paradigm of macro-history.
It now strikes me that not only were the great religious traditions of the world emergent from agricultural civilization, but all of these religions and all of their associated civilizations experienced both axialization and institutionalization under the agricultural paradigm. The institutions of organized religion that have largely served as the organizing principles of the associated civilizations were developed and formalized throughout the duration of agricultural civilization.
I suspect that, since the axialization of the nomadic period came so late in the human development of that period that this axialization never achieved institutionalization, both because the structures of nomadic life did not readily lend themselves to the establishment of institutions, and — just as importantly — because the macro-historical shift from nomadism to agriculturalism meant that the interest and focus of the greater bulk of the human population had shifted to other concerns with the emergence of settled agriculturalism. It is interesting to speculate what an institutionalization of nomadic axial ideas might have been, had settled civilization never emerged.
Agricultural civilization persisted for a period of time sufficient both for the axialization and institutionalization of the ideas implicit in this particular form of human life. Because the ideas implicit in agriculturalism received both axialization (an initial statement) and institutionalization (a definitive formulation), these ideas were not swept aside by the Industrial Revolution in the same way that the ideas implicit in the axialization of the Nomadic paradigm were swept away by agricultural civilization. The nomadic paradigm was swept away so completely by agricultural civilization that this entire epoch of human history was lost to us until it was recovered by the methods of scientific historiography. Throughout the agricultural paradigm, human beings knew nothing except the ideas of the agricultural paradigm. This gave agricultural civilization both a certain narrowness and a certain strength.
I speculated earlier that macro-history may exhibit a "speeding up" such that, while the axialization of the nomadic paradigm came very late in that very long-lasting paradigm, the axialization of the agricultural paradigm did not come nearly so late in the development of agriculturalism. Perhaps, I suggested, the axialization of the industrial paradigm will come even sooner in the relative history of that macro-historical division. But when I wrote that I was not counting on the fact that the institutionalization of the agricultural paradigm had given the axial ideas of agriculturalism a staying power beyond that macro-historical division itself.
Throughout most of the world today, agricultural civilization has been utterly swept away by the industrial revolution and ways of life have been radically change. Yet the ideas of agricultural civilization persist, and they persist partly because of their institutionalization and partly because nothing of commensurate scope and power has emerged to displace them.
Beyond the historical processes of axialization and institutionalization we may have to posit another stage — ossification — in which axial ideas are preserved beyond the macro-historical division that produced them. These ossified ideas serve a retrograde function in keeping human thought tied to a now-lapsed paradigm of human social interaction.
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The Next Axial Age
11 August 2010
It is rare for a philosopher to have much influence over the popular mind, although it does happen occasionally. I have previously mentioned how Kuhn's conception of a paradigm shift has been widely adopted (Philosophy of Science in the FT). Another rare borrowing is the idea of an "Axial Age." This goes back to Karl Jaspers book, The Origin and Goal of History, although the same idea and even the same term was introduced about the same time by Louis Mumford.
Jaspers is a genuine philosopher (I mentioned him a few days ago in The Atomic Age Turns 65) and thus commands our respect. (And, yes, if you're wondering, there are fake philosophers who command the approbation of the public but who have few if any genuine ideas of their own.) Since the idea of an Axial Age comes out of Jaspers, and is not merely a manifestation of popular intellectuals, it is worth considering in some detail.
Jasper's idea of an Axial Age is that of an axis of world history, and not only of western history. This he finds in a period that he characterizes as, "a spiritual process that occurred between 800 and 200 B.C." And Jaspers goes on to say that, "It is there that we meet with the most deepcut dividing line in history. Man, we we know him today, came into being." Jaspers cites the presence of Confucius, Lao-tse, the Buddha, the writing of the Upanishads, Zarathustra, the Hebrew Prophets, and the Greek philosophers as empirical evidence of such an Axial Age.
I have written many posts dealing with historical periodization, and my own attempt to frame a naturalistic historical periodization that I call integral history both builds upon and transcends the traditional periodizations of western history. In this, I also aspire to defining axes of world history, although I do not see a single axis as does Jaspers, but several (which, of course, is why I referred to them as "axes"). So as I see Jasper's Axial Age it falls entirely within the agricultural period of human civilization. In this sense, like my post mentioning the English Civil War and its ideological ramifications (The Agricultural Paradigm), we see that an enormously important age of human history, with all its changes and transformations, nevertheless lies entirely within, and is therefore at least in part constituted by, the institutions of agricultural civilization.
Since I have called attention to this on several occasions — that is to say, I have called attention to periods of great intellectual ferment that do not seem to have been triggered by demographic or economic transformations that define how the bulk of human beings live in a given age (and which I therefore take as an adequate basis for a naturalistic conception of history) — I might as well give it a name, so I can refer to it again in the future. Therefore I will call such periods or transitions between periods intra-civilizational axes. I might also call them intra-integral axes, intra-integral shifts, or even intra-integral civilizational axes (or shifts), but I fear I may lose what few readers I have if I stretch it that far. So we will leave it at that for the time being.
I do not deny that there was an Axial Age, and that it was crucial to the intellectual and spiritual development of human beings, but it isn't a naturalistic phenomenon, and therefore doesn't constitute what I have been calling an integral shift. And I think that Jaspers (as well as many of his defenders) would agree with me that the Axial Age was a non-naturalistic historical phenomenon and that indeed its non-naturalism is the very point. So in this respect I can make common cause with those who conceive history very differently from the way in which I do.
Bear with me for a digression. I have a habit of what may be called "binge scholarship," by which I mean that I tend to completely immerse myself in a particular intellectual milieu for a period of time until I become sated and "come up for air," as it were. I mentioned just such a binge of listening to Joseph Campbell lectures (in Class Consciousness and Mythology), and this resulted in several posts. I have recently returned to Joseph Campbell and am listening again to what has become my favorite set of lectures, Man and Myth. Of the Campbell lectures I have heard, these are the most dense with ideas and therefore provide the greatest degree of intellectual stimulation.
As I have re-listened to Campbell's Man and Myth lectures over the past few days I am reminded of the emphasis that Campbell placed on the fact that the western tradition placed an emphasis upon the historicity of mythological events, and subsequent developments in science have called this historicity into question, which has also called the mythology into question. Campbell has also on many occasions discussed the need for myths that speak to the contemporary mind. I don't think that he put it this way, but what he is saying is that we need to respond to a myth viscerally or it isn't really a myth; a myth has lost its power as a myth if it no longer affects us immediately.
Campbell is such a great speaker that when he is giving an exposition of an ancient myth it is easy to believe that he is himself a true believer, and the implicit message some people take away from his books and lectures is a reactionary one: that we need to go back to the great myths, which are all, I will point out, myths of the Axial Age. In this, he is like Nietzsche, who often made such a convincing case for his adversaries that many took Nietzsche to be advocating precisely the doctrines he was criticizing. Walter Kaufmann has pointed this out in several of his books.
If you listen to Campbell closely, however, and listen to a lot of what he had to say (not being content with a few quotes and fragments that happen to agree with what you want to hear) it is obvious that he is a true believer in no one mythology, but in the role of mythology in human life generally speaking. I think this is what tripped up Walter Kaufmann in his estimation of Campbell, as well as a great many more lesser minds.
Campbell's repeated statements to the effect of the need for modern myths for a modern age belies any reactionary interpretation of his works, and I am myself personally very sympathetic to this claim that Campbell makes. There are many incipient myths of contemporary industrialized civilization, but they remain amorphic, not fully formed, and are not yet prepared to take the full weight of an existential crisis, to be that which sustains ordinary men and women in their hour of need, except for a very few (non-representative) individuals.
Thinking about this aspect of Campbell's thought at the same time as I was thinking about Jaspers' Axial Age, I began framing these two ideas within the context of my own recent work. As I noted above, I see the Axial Age as an intra-civilizational axis that is entirely contained within the agricultural paradigm. I think that the case could be made, even though the Axial Age appears relatively late in the agricultural paradigm, that agricultural civilization had to develop to a given degree of sophistication, stability, and institutional complexity before such an intellectual and spiritual turning point could develop in this context. And this is what I think happened.
The Axial Age represents the flourishing intellectual maturity of the institutions of agricultural civilization, that is to say, this is the first time in the history of agricultural civilization that its institutions passed a critical threshold beyond which such non-naturalistic developments in civilization became possible, and once they became possible they were rapidly realized in many diverse cultures and civilizations. In this sense, the religious traditions of the Axial Age are fully a product and a consequence of agricultural civilization, and are specific to it. This accounts for the progressive decline (except when fanned by reactionary fervor) of these traditions in industrialized civilization. We can argue as much as we like about the future of mythology and religion (or even the future of an illusion, as Freud would have it), but the fact of the matter, as Campbell has repeatedly pointed out, is that many if not most of the mythologies of the Axial Age no longer speak to people on a visceral level. Mass man continues to render his respect to these traditions, but they do not move him as they did in the past — specifically, in the pre-industrial past.
Everything takes time, and it will take time for an authentic and genuine mythology of the industrial age to emerge. I have several times argued that industrialized civilization has sought a modus vivendi in two forms of social consensus that have failed, and that the social discontent, anomie, and drift that we see today is the consequence of industrialized civilization groping toward a third social consensus that it has not yet found (Social Consensus in Industrialized Society). Even if industrialized civilization does settle upon a third social consensus, there is no guarantee that this will be a lasting social consensus, if indeed there can be any lasting social consensus in industrialized civilization. However, I predict that if and when such a modus vivendi emerges within industrialized civilization, and the institutions of industrialized civilization can then come to maturity within a stable social context, that it will be then, and only then, that the next axial age can occur. And the next axial age will be an intellectual flourishing of industrialized civilization that will create mature, authentic, and genuine spiritual traditions specific to industrialized civilization.
All of this, as I said, takes time. Of course, things today happen very quickly. T. Greer's vision of a growth revolution makes this clear. In an age of exponential growth things happen very quickly indeed, and we have seen things happen very quickly in our own lifetimes. But some historical processes still take time. It required perhaps 8,000 or more years for the slow development of agricultural civilization to experience its intellectual efflorescence in the Axial Age identified by Jaspers. I do not think that it will take civilization of the industrial age even a thousand years to develop to a similar degree of institutional maturity, but I do think that it will take several hundred years, and that we are not quite there yet. The next axial age is coming, but we cannot deliver ourselves of the prophecy, and say as Christ said, "Verily I say unto you, That there be some of them that stand here, which shall not taste of death, till they have seen the kingdom of God come with power." (Mark 9:1 KJV) While this is the message of the singulartarians, my message is that many generations will pass before the next axial age comes with power.
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Your teacher will likely provide you some good advice about how to improve or shape your paper. Choose the ideal writer you know. Use a single sentence to describe how you'll introduce the paper.
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A typical review ought to be insightful, but don't feel as in the event that you must make a deep point about the movie. It's possible to also do some studying to learn more about the points to discuss so as to present a logical and compelling review. The procedure is payforessay tough and time-consuming but to be able to get the wanted A, you actually need a great deal of hard work.
At this time you're on the last stages of completing your dissertation, write your bibliography in view of the rules of citation you have selected. To start with, it's an academic paper that follows some particular rules and regulations. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism.
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Write a reply to the article which indicates what you think of the thoughts and arguments. In written, formal arguments, the ideal approach to construct credibility with readers is to supply them with evidence. Your topic sentence is your very first impression and you would like to make it a good one so be certain that it grasps your reader immediately so they are equally as interested in what you are going to inform them as you're in what you've got to say.
Want to Know More About Thesis Paper Outline?
Continue by summarizing what you're going to chat about and what you're trying to persuade your readers to agree with. While you may not have written this type of paper https://www.eou.edu/ before, you are likely acquainted with the way it's organized because most television news stories are written this manner. If you simply can't locate the most intriguing thing or anything interesting in any way, you might try out doing the most applicable and simplest topic from a practical perspective.
Everyone wants to be successful in school, but it becomes tough once you have as much homework and tests to get ready for. If stress isn't managed correctly, it can prevent students from successfully achieving their academic objectives. If you've already graduated from college or university and are looking for a very good job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer.
The body consists of an overview of both primary points of the speech. You also need to plan and outline how to demonstrate the point is related to your thesis statement. In the event should you not have enough supporting points, then you have to rework on your thesis or produce a new thesis.
Use the assistance of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! Since everybody's brain doesn't function the exact same, the exact same quantity of knowledge might not be present in two unique individuals. Asking your senior employees in the event that you can aid with their projects is fine, but in addition it can be embarrassing or disheartening repeatedly admitting that you don't have anything to do.
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Later, when you get the simple essay format down pat, your topic sentence wonat necessarily will need to be the very first sentence. Anyway, also make certain that grammar is in order. Sentences ought to be terse and short.
Before you begin with the paper, it is suggested to dive into the subject or subject. To begin with, you select your topic and compose the speech outline. You should select a topic you're interested in.
Thesis Paper Outline and Thesis Paper Outline – The Perfect Combination
You will have to make certain you use the proper terms in your essay, and you will also have to set some of your own thinking in there too. The facts which you use in the essay ought to be reliable and pertinent to the thesis. More info about ways to compose an essay it's possible to find at my essay writing blog.
Most students will likely need some sort of essay assistance sooner or later, but among the fundamental academic essay writing suggestions is to stick to a plan and to stay with it. The outline needs to be made in accordance to the significance of the suggestions and arguments that you'd be incorporating in GED essay writing. The very first step in writing an essay is to pick a topic (if one has not yet been assigned).
The Fight Against Thesis Paper Outline
The conclusion will provide a resume of your whole research. It controls your entire paper. An outline will direct you on the best way to compose your thesis paper and makes it a lot simpler for you to compose the thesis paper.
If you're a super-organized individual, you might want to type up an outline for yourself, or you could just use the notes you already made. Regardless of what length the paper should be, it should. It is possible to progress after you type the very first word!


text:
This year's flu season is still ramping up, but it's shaping up to be one of the worst in recent memory.
Have yourself a healthy holiday season
Set yourself up for a healthy holiday season.
Australia's flu outbreak could forecast problems for U.S.
If the flu season wrapping up in Australia is any indication, the U.S. may be in for a particularly bad one.
Experts warn of second flu outbreak
A new strain of flu is making a push in the U.S.
Oklahoma among the worst spots for fall allergy sufferers
Why is Oklahoma so bad for allergies compared to other states?
Does a warm winter mean worse spring allergies?
Oklahoma is already tough on those with allergies, but a warm winter adds to the suffering.


text:
Hi friends! Thank God it's Friday! What a week. I was on a proverbial treadmill — cranked up to 7 — from the moment I woke up Monday morning. I've sucked at being a Steemian all week.
Which also means exercise was hard to come by. But every day I try to do something to move my carcass! Even if it's late night and I'm just jogging in place in front of the TV like today.
But ... on to the topic of the day — Market Friday! This tag is hosted by the lovely, venerable, talented @dswigle! You must check out her posts if you have not yet done so.
You're not going to believe this, but my Market Friday post is about Aldi. These stores are first of all my very favorite place to shop, and second of all they are popping up everywhere. I have three in my vicinity, and I go to all of them. The pictures here are from a recent visit to one of the newest ones which is so cute!
I'm just amazed that they have so much fresh, local and organic stuff!
In case you're not familiar with Aldi, they are a grocery chain that keeps their costs down by purchasing off-brand stuff and making you bag your own groceries. You also return your own cart so they don't have to pay someone to round them up.
They always have an awesome variety. And lots of great seasonal stuff too.
I just think its a brilliant business model. It is completely designed for efficiency so that people who are looking to save money on food and don't mind not being waited on have an option to cut their costs.
The way they get you to return your cart is that you put a quarter in a little slot in order to release a cart from the corral. Then when you're done shopping, you return your cart and get your quarter back. Simple yet brilliant!
And they have a policy for bags that I think should be universal: you must bring your own bags (preferably re-usable), or buy them there. I always bring my own bags!
Thank you for visiting!
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text:
Task 1: Books
Task 1 is based on the text "Announcing the new Built-in Orderly Organized Knowledge device (BOOK)". First we will outline the text and then give you some points for answering tasks 1A and 1B.
"Announcing the new Built-in Orderly Organized Knowledge device (BOOK)" is an entry article from the website ronnieuggie.com, a site dedicated to the Pontiac High School which covers issues related to homeschooling.
In the article, which is structured as a product review or advert, the writer describes the Built-in Orderly Organized Knowledge device, or in short, the BOOK.
Task 1A
In Task 1A you are required to select the right alternative defining what type of text "Announcing the new Built-in Orderly Organized Knowledge device (BOOK)" is, and to give reasons for your choice.
The correct answer is c) – a satirical text making fun of our technological world. The article is structured in the form of a technological product review or advert, but is, in fact, describing a regular printed book.
The text is satirical because it uses technological language to describe the book, which is an analogue and traditional method of communication.
Task 1B
Task 1B requires you to explain the predominant use of present tense simple in the text and the meaning of the closing line.
The use of present tense simple
The use of present tense simple should be connected to both form and intention.
Given that the satirical text mimics the form of a digital product review article, present tense simple is necessary to give a feeling of authenticity to the form of the text.
The closing line
The article ends with the following closing lines: "The BOOK's appeal seems so certain that thousands of content creators have committed to the platform." (ll. 29-30)


text:
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text:
This was snapped inside the Iglesia de El Sagrario, a chapel that dates back to the early 17th century that's attached to the 16th century Quito Cathedral.
A massive structure, it's really a chapel in name only. And a busy one, too, just before noon, with a steady influx of worshippers and tourists entering and exiting through its impressive wooden doors. Despite the traffic and the loudest, creakiest church floors I've ever walked across, a few moments of solitude can be found like the one above at the smaller altar on the church's left side.
A stop at the El Sagrario, which also serves as the mausoleum for Antonio José de Sucre, one of Simon Bolivar's generals and closest friends, was part of a walking tour I joined in yesterday with the aptly named Quito Walking Tour, a free three-hour stroll around the Ecuadoran capital's historical center.
Starting at San Blas Plaza, the route covers most of the city center's most notable structures and locales, including the Basilico del Voto Nacional, the Plaza Grande, Plaza de San Francisco (so far my favorite), Calle La Ronda and the Plaza Santo Domingo before concluding at the Plaza del Teatro.
Guide Peter, an Irishman based in Quito, does a terrific job, highly recommended. If you're passing through, the best way to get in touch is via Facebook. Tours generally begin at 10am. Yes, tips accepted and encouraged.
Today's Pic du Jour, the 409th straight, was made on 24-Feb-2015 in Quito, Ecuador.