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Anticipation and Off-Hand Statements
It is not unusual to hear something like, "But the guy who works at my office said 'such and such'." "But I read an article on the internet and it said 'this and that'!" I have observed people making decisions and acting on something reported by a casual acquaintance or even a stranger. How often do we stop and measure the person speaking, much less the source and agenda of their argument? Why would we, in the moment, take their report as though they were expert on the subject (especially a total stranger on the internet) or that they are reporting it absolutely accurately? When we do not properly weigh information, no matter how zealously reported, we may likely end up with its consequences. Once we take a sober assessment of our personal history, many of us will probably find that we have been the recipient of those things we have anticipated that came out of an off-hand statement someone made.
Decisions and Determinations for the New
Going into the new year or new season or new opportunities requires adjustments, decisions and determination on our part. When Israel left old Egypt for the new promised land, they increased the difficulty of the transition by taking old issues, and resultant attitudes, with them. It is OK to take a wilderness experience into promise. We all have some kind of wilderness experience at some point in life, if not several of them. Having gone through the not-so-fun wilderness events, we tend to come out on the other end with negative residue on us. Not "washing off" the residue of the past will taint the tomorrow of promise. It is OK to go into promise with a wilderness experience. But is destructive to go into promise with a wilderness heart. What we don't leave in the wilderness, trips us up in the promised land. Achan's family, as well as himself, suffered the consequences of a wilderness heart in the promised land (Josh. 7). What we don't get over today, overcomes us tomorrow.
Deciding to Act Upon Blessing
"For wide is the gate and broad is the way" is terminology that informs us it is easy to get to destruction. Making no decision can get us to destruction as well as making the wrong decision. Not going through ordained doors can end us up in destruction as well as going through doors someone (or something, e.g., misguided sentiment or obligation) other than Father opened for us. If you simply plant a garden and leave it and never attend it by pulling weeds and watering it, it will soon come to fruitlessness, even destruction. That which is ignored or neglected will soon grow up and choke out its life. If we neglect or ignore matters of health and nutrition our bodies begin to break down and fall into destruction. We must make choices to be healthy. Destruction can easily come without it having to be worked at. There must be a choosing of, and corresponding acting upon, life and blessing. (Fourth excerpt from Marty's article "Doors and Self-Government")
Doors and Decisions
In the fullness of His wisdom and who He is, Father has placed opportunities and choices before us. But our Father does not leave us without guidance as to what kind of decisions that are best and fitting for us to make. Matt. 7:13 "Enter through the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and spacious and broad is the way that leads away to destruction, and many are those who are entering through it. 14 But the gate is narrow (contracted by pressure) and the way is straitened and compressed that leads away to life, and few are those who find it." Now we have, in both the Old Testament and in the New Testament, true foundation and guidelines for how we choose to go about making decisions. Whether or not we go through the many divinely-ordained opened doors God has put before us this year will depend upon how we make decisions this year. But you must know that there are many doors open before you. They are not just barely cracked open and they are certainly not locked but wide open for His Kingdom purposes, for His Name's sake. (Third excerpt from Marty's article "Doors and Self-Government")
Kingdom Congress 2018
March 7-9, 2018
Team: Marty, Kathy and Melissa Gabler, Jim Hodges,
Simon Purvis, Larry Burden, Sam Brassfield, Dr. Don Crum
Information: martygabler.com/kc2018/
Choosing Life or Death
While there are open doors before us, there is, however, a process of decision-making that we must give ourselves to. Jehovah's instruction to prophet Jeremiah has embodied within it the matter of choosing. Jer. 21:8 "You shall also say to this people, 'Thus says the LORD, "Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death." Deut. 30:19 plainly shows us that our God puts His power of command to us in hopes that we will choose life instead of death and choose blessing instead of a curse. We are not simply those who observe and experience the coming and the passing of days and calendar events. We have choices to make as to how those days, events and people affect us; we must make choices as to how we will affect those days, events and people. We can be bearers of life or of death, bearers of blessing or curses. (Second excerpt from Marty's article "Doors and Self-Government")
Are You in the Boat?
Are you in the boat? If you are in the boat with the destiny of Jesus and you are staying the course, then you have no more decisions to make. That must be the first thing that is settled in your heart and mind. You might have to deal with a wave coming over the side now and then but you have no more decisions to make. You may even have to deal with Moby Dick trying to take out the bow of the boat but you don't have any more decisions to make. The decision has already been made. If Moby Dick is floating out there between me and the boat dock I have been called to, I must stay the course. It is up to the God of heaven and earth to make a way where there seems to be no way. The God of heaven and earth is able to come up with something bigger than Moby Dick that can swallow Moby Dick with one gulp. If mighty God can part a sea, He can surely deal with all the leviathans in it.
Decision With Vision
Prov 29:18 – says, "Without a vision the people perish." "Where there is no revelation or prophecy the people cast off restraint," (RSV) When we have no vision, no awareness of God's calling and purpose and plans, we have no guidelines for choices, no criteria for life. We tend to make life decisions like friendships, marriage, education, career and investments randomly, without awareness of how all areas of our life connect to the plan and call of God. That's why our lives sometimes feel disjointed and conflicting and we end up confused, wounded and scarred with a bitter residue in our attitudes.
(This is the seventh excerpt from Kathy's article "Rebuilding Our Temple" which was published in SEEC Magazine [Marty and Kathy's ministry magazine]. More excerpts will be posted Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Previous excerpts may be read by scrolling down this page.)
KATHY GABLER gives a brief encouraging word:
"Escape From The Victim Syndrome"
TO LISTEN, CLICK HERE: http://martygabler.podomatic.com/entry/2014-02-18T21_51_13-08_00


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Image Comics has informed retailers that the upcoming Battle Chasers Anthology softcover edition will no longer included the solicited "previously unseen sketches and new artwork, including a fold-out poster." With this change, the volume is slimming down from 344 pages to 312.
Due out September 25, this softcover Battle Chasers Anthology is a reprint of a 2011 giant-size hardcover edition – which included sketches, artwork, and a fold-out poster.
Back in June, writer/artist Joe Madureira says that work on the long-delayed continuation of the Battle Chasers series is still in development, but he has decided to enlist others to help him draw upcoming issues.
This article was originally published by Newsarama.com. Read the original article here.

subset: commoncrawl


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By Resident Jan Hoftiezer —
Choosing Kendal at Granville as our home was a no brainer. However, my husband and I so enjoyed the "Older Learners" program sponsored by the local university in our former community, that we were concerned about finding a similar group. As it turns out, our greater community provides KAG a gold mine of opportunities to continue learning.
A deep vein of gold is represented by the Lifelong Learning Institute. An organization of member-driven leadership provides educational opportunities for individuals 60 and over. Offerings are called classes, but don't think for a moment about the classes of our youth. No tests or papers! The speakers love to address us lifelong learners as we pay attention, enjoy the jokes and ask important questions.
A basic class is two hours with coffee/tea provided. Many topics require multiple meetings. The architecture of Columbus was done over four two-hour sessions, as was the study of Islam, the world of dinosaurs, the aging brain, early modern Europe, the history of film, the history of jazz and others.
Topics for short presentations included the life and songs of Stephen Foster, the Roosevelt women, mammals of Ohio, the Newark Earthworks, etc.
Field trips have included a tour of the Ohio Supreme Court building, the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center on The Ohio State U. campus, a tour of the new Amazon Fulfillment center and many more opportunities.
Truly golden opportunities. The calendar year is split into three semesters with three separate catalogues listing the courses with descriptions and information about the presenters. Choose any or all classes.
Sounds expensive? The yearly charge per individual is $100. However, Licking County, where Kendal is located, has a senior levy program dedicated to helping organizations which offer inspiring programs to the senior citizens of the county. This levy grant provides enough funding to pay $50 of the $100 for each county participant. I can not believe that I pay only $50 per year to learn from noted professors and a variety of individuals who share their passion for the subject which they have studied.
The LLI programs are just one part of the treasure of Kendal at Granville and its surrounding greater community. This physical location turned out to be the best possible for us.


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%0 Online Database %D 2020 %T US Wind Turbine Database Files %A Ben Hoen %A James Diffendorfer %A Joseph Rand %A Louisa Kramer %A Chris Garrity %A Hannah Hunt %X
Latest Database Release: USWTDB_V3_0_1_20200514
The latest release includes data on 63,794 turbines covering 43 states plus Guam and Puerto Rico. The most recent turbines added to the USWTDB became operational as recently as the fourth quarter of 2019, with a few from the first quarter 2020. The oldest turbines in the data set were installed prior to 1990. USWTDB releases generally lag installations by one quarter to allow for merging of the various datasets, visual verification, and quality control.
Click here to go to the U.S. Wind Turbine Database website and online viewer, where also the USWTDB data can be downloaded.
This site holds the codebooks, memos and other information about the most recent USWTDB data release. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com for information about previous versions
To be added to the USWTDB mailing list to receive information about upcoming releases etc, please go here.%8 05/2020 %G eng %R 10.5066/F7TX3DN0 %0 Report %D 2019 %T Unpacking the Disconnect Between Wholesale and Retail Electric Rates %A Peter Cappers %A Sean Murphy %X
The 2017 DOE Staff Report to the Secretary on Electricity Markets and Reliability noted a disconnect between falling wholesale electricity prices and flat or rising retail investor-owned utility (IOU) electricity prices between 2008 and 2016. This analysis sought to assess recent trends in utility costs, retail sales, and/or retail rates vis-à-vis wholesale market prices in order to help explain this disconnect.
Using FERC Form 1 and ICE Power Indices data, Berkeley Lab researchers developed key annual metrics between 2007 and 2016 at a regional level for five of the seven NERC regions: Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO), Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC), ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC), SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC), and Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The analyses of these metrics enabled Berkeley Lab researchers to arrive at the following conclusions:
Berkeley Lab's annual status report on U.S. renewables portfolio standards (RPS) provides an overview of key trends associated with U.S. state RPS policies. The report, published in slide-deck form, describes recent legislative revisions, key policy design features, compliance with interim targets, past and projected impacts on renewables development, and compliance costs.
The 2019 edition of the report presents historical data through year-end 2018 and projections through 2030. Key trends from this edition of the report include the following:
%8 07/2019 %G eng %0 Report %D 2019 %T The use of wholesale market purchases by Western U.S. electric utilities %A Juan Pablo Carvallo %A Sean Murphy %A Alan H. Sanstad %A Peter H. Larsen %X
Load Serving Entities (LSEs) can procure electricity from their owned generation or purchase it on bilateral or centrally organized markets. Electric utility procurement decisions have important implications for resource adequacy, which is gaining attention especially in the Western U.S. However, there is little or no research on trends of utility procurement practices, and the role that wholesale market transactions can have for resource adequacy and other applications. This paper leverages information from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration, Berkeley Lab's Resource Planning Portal, and structured interviews with regulatory and utility staff. We find that use of market transactions to meet electric energy needs has been increasing across U.S. LSEs. The reasons for this trend include a general stagnation in building owned resources, a preference towards contracting renewable energy resources to meet RPS targets, and the lower relative cost of wholesale market electricity. Among market transactions across different time scales, short-term transactions were prevalent in Western U.S. LSEs until the 2008 recession, and thereafter declined to about a quarter of total purchases. In contrast, long-term market transactions have become more prevalent and resource planning reports project the share of these transactions in the procurement mix may continue to increase. Results suggest resource adequacy obligations may drive preferences for asset ownership more than a profit incentive. We also recommend improving the planning to procurement connection by reflecting in planning assumptions the operational constraints of market transactions. These results provide insights on key issues in electric utility procurement that could improve overall market efficiency, respond to rapidly changing industry conditions, and identify practices that LSEs and regulators should consider incorporating into their long-term transmission and capacity planning processes.%8 12/2019 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Utah Public Service Commission Workshop on Distributed-Solar Grid Impacts %A Kevin Schneider %A Juliet Homer %A Galen L. Barbose %8 07/2019 %G eng %0 Report %D 2019 %T Utility Investments in Resilience of Electricity Systems %A Randolph Elliot %A National Rural Electric Cooperative Association %A Organization of MISO States %A Scott Aaronson %A Edison Electric Institute %A National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates %E Lisa C. Schwartz %X
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory hosted a webinar on April 30, 2019, titled "Utility Investments in Resilience of Electricity Systems." To view a video of the recording click here.
Recent power outages caused by hurricanes, wildfires and other natural disasters, coupled with evolving cyber and physical threats, have increased interest in the resilience of electricity systems. The U.S. Department of Energy's Grid Modernization Lab Consortium (GMLC) defines resilience as "the ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions, including the ability to withstand and recover from deliberate attacks, accidents, or naturally occurring threats or incidents." In a new report for Berkeley Lab, organizations that represent state regulators, utilities and consumers discuss the level and scope of resilience needed, how to decide what investments are most impactful, and roles of local, state and federal officials.%B Future Electric Utility Regulation Report Series %V FEUR Report No. 11 %8 04/2019 %G eng %1
FEUR Report No. 11 is authored by: Organization of MISO States; Randolph Elliot, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association; Scott Aaronson, Edison Electric Institute; and National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates. Click the publication title above to see all documents related to this publication and for a link to the related webinar.%0 Report %D 2019 %T Utility-Scale Solar: Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States –2019 Edition %A Mark Bolinger %A Joachim Seel %A Dana Robson %X
The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. In 2018, the utility-scale sector accounted for nearly 60% of all new solar capacity, and is expected to maintain its market-leading position for at least another six years. More than three-quarters of all states, representing all regions of the country, are now home to one or more utility-scale solar projects.
This report—the seventh in an ongoing annual series—provides in-depth data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. Drawing on empirical project-level data from a wide range of sources, this report analyzes technology trends, installed project prices, operating costs, capacity factors, power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices, the levelized cost of solar energy (LCOE), and the market value of solar. The report also includes data and observations about completed or recently announced solar+storage projects. Given its current preeminence in the market, utility-scale PV also dominates much of this report, though data from CPV and CSP projects are also presented where appropriate. Highlights from this year's edition include:
At the end of 2018, there were at least 284 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity within the interconnection queues across the nation, 55 GW of which are paired with storage. The growth within these queues is widely distributed across all regions of the country, and is most pronounced in the up-and-coming Midwest region, which accounts for 26% of the 133 GW added to queues in 2018, followed by the Southwest (21%), Southeast and Northeast (each with 15%), California (10%), Texas (9%), and the Northwest (5%). Though not all of these projects will ultimately be built as planned, the ongoing influx and widening geographic distribution of solar projects within these queues is as clear of a sign as any that the utility-scale market is maturing and expanding outside of its traditional high-insolation comfort zones.
The US energy services company (ESCO) industry is an example of a private-sector business model that delivers energy savings to customers primarily through the use of performance-based contracts. US ESCO projects garner significant incremental annual savings: approximately 1% of total US commercial building consumption in 2014. From 2000 to 2011, the industry experienced year over year growth; however, based on information drawn from interviews with ESCO executives conducted in late 2015, the authors find that from 2012 to 2014, ESCO industry revenues did not increase. While public and institutional market sectors accounted for 85% of industry revenue in 2014, consistent with previous research findings, the share of revenue from performance contracting increased to 74% in 2014, as compared to 69% share reported for 2011 and 2008. The revenue numbers between 2011 and 2014 are not fully comparable, because a few ESCOs that were subsidiaries of larger companies had undergone reorganization and some categories of revenue reported in 2011 were not included for 2014. Other factors that may have contributed to the recent revenue trend include the following: (1) increased competition from companies not historically defined as an ESCO (e.g. mechanical contractors), (2) uncertainty among some potential customers about committing to long-term performance contracts, and (3) reduction of performance contracting's perceived benefit of hedging energy price increases and variability due to customer expectations of continued low and less volatile energy prices.%B Energy Efficiency %V 11 %P 1303–1324 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12053-018-9633-9 %& 1303 %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9633-9 %0 Report %D 2018 %T U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards: 2018 Annual Status Report %A Galen L. Barbose %X
Berkeley Lab's annual status report on U.S. renewables portfolio standards (RPS) provides an overview of key trends associated with U.S. state RPS policies. The report, published in slide-deck form, describes recent legislative revisions, key policy design features, compliance with interim targets, past and projected impacts on renewables development, and compliance costs.
The 2018 edition of the report presents historical data through year-end 2017 and projections through 2030. Key trends from this edition of the report include the following:
Our Uses for Smart Meter Data webinar series began with Basic Customer Segmentation techniques. In it, we explored how utilities can perform relatively simple analysis of their smart meter data to learn more about their customers, how they impact the grid, and which ones might be good candidates for certain rate or program offerings while others may need more dedicated and targeted education and outreach to increase their likelihood of success from participation. In the second installment of this webinar series, we presented on the topic of Advanced Customer Segmentation techniques. Here, we identified more advanced analytical techniques that can be applied to further refine a utility's understanding of its customers and assess who might be more viable candidates to participate in certain rate or program offerings. In the third installment, we focused on Applications of Customer Segmentation Techniques for Existing Rates and Programs. In particular, we discussed how the more advanced analytical techniques described in the previous webinar in the series could be applied to existing rates or programs in order to gain a much richer understanding of which customers are doing what, and how to use that information to improve program design and implementation.%8 11/2018 %G eng %0 Report %D 2018 %T Utility-Scale Solar: Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States – 2018 Edition %A Mark Bolinger %A Joachim Seel %X
The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. In 2017, the utility-scale sector accounted for nearly 60% of all new solar capacity, and is expected to maintain its market-leading position for at least another six years. Two-thirds of all states, representing all regions of the country, are now home to one or more utility-scale solar projects.
This report—the sixth in an ongoing annual series—provides in-depth data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. Drawing on empirical project-level data from a wide range of sources, this report analyzes technology trends, installed project prices, operating costs, capacity factors, power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices, the levelized cost of solar energy (LCOE), and the market value of solar. Given its current preeminence in the market, utility-scale PV also dominates much of this report, though data from CPV and CSP projects are also presented where appropriate. Highlights from this year's edition include:
At the end of 2017, there were at least 188.5 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity within the interconnection queues across the nation. The 2017 growth within these queues is widely distributed across all regions of the country, but is most pronounced in the up-and-coming Midwest region, which accounts for 27% of the 99.2 GW of new queue capacity. The widening geographic distribution is as clear of a sign as any that the utility-scale market is maturing and expanding outside of its traditional high-insolation comfort zones.%8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://emp.lbl.gov/utility-scale-solar/ %0 Report %D 2017 %T Understanding the Impact of Distributed Photovoltaic Adoption on Utility Revenues and Retail Electricity Tariffs in Thailand %A Sopitsuda Tongsopit %A Owen R. Zinaman %A Naïm R. Darghouth %X
As the costs of solar photovoltaic technology continue to decline, the production of electricity from distributed solar photovoltaics (DPV) systems has become an increasingly attractive option for consumers in many countries.
While the global DPV market is growing quite quickly, creating new jobs and accruing significant environmental benefits, it is at the same time posing some new challenges. One of the most common concerns cited by retail electricity distributors is the impact that DPV may have on their revenue, and, perhaps more existentially, on their business model. How will utilities continue to recover costs and serve ratepayers if segments of their customer base are increasingly shifting towards producing their own electricity? What will happen to retail electricity tariffs for the remaining ratepayers?
Against the backdrop of consumers' increasing interest in DPV in Thailand, as well as a DPV policy to be launched by the Thai government in late 2017, this study looks to quantify the impact of 3,000 MW of DPV deployment in the year 2020 on (a) Thai distribution utilities' revenue in the short-term (i.e., before the next rate case), and (b) retail electricity tariffs in the medium-term (i.e., after the next rate case).%I USAID Clean Power Asia %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://usaidcleanpowerasia.aseanenergy.org/email-before-download/?ebd_dl=fd7d8c24f14b997ad8600c4cc12e2f51 %0 Report %D 2017 %T Updated Estimates of the Remaining Market Potential of the U.S. ESCO Industry %A Peter H. Larsen %A Juan Pablo Carvallo %A Charles A. Goldman %A Sean Murphy %A Elizabeth Stuart %X
The energy service company (ESCO) industry has a well-established track record of delivering energy and economic savings in the public and institutional buildings sector, primarily through the use of performance-based contracts. The ESCO industry often provides (or helps arrange) private sector financing to complete public infrastructure projects with little or no up-front cost to taxpayers. In 2014, total U.S. ESCO industry revenue was estimated at $5.3 billion. ESCOs expect total industry revenue to grow to $7.6 billion in 2017—a 13% annual growth rate from 2015-2017. Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) were asked by the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) to update and expand our estimates of the remaining market potential of the U.S. ESCO industry. We define remaining market potential as the aggregate amount of project investment by ESCOs that is technically possible based on the types of projects that ESCOS have historically implemented in the institutional, commercial, and industrial sectors using ESCO estimates of current market penetration in those sectors.
In this analysis, we report U.S. ESCO industry remaining market potential under two scenarios: (1) a base case and (2) a case "unfettered" by market, bureaucratic, and regulatory barriers. We find that there is significant remaining market potential for the U.S. ESCO industry under both the base and unfettered cases. For the base case, we estimate a remaining market potential of $92-$201 billion ($2016). We estimate a remaining market potential of $190-$333 billion for the unfettered case. It is important to note, however, that there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the estimates for both the base and unfettered cases.%8 04/2017 %2 LBNL-2001027 %0 Report %D 2017 %T U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards: 2017 Annual Status Report %A Galen L. Barbose %X
Berkeley Lab's annual status report on U.S. renewables portfolio standards (RPS) provides an overview of key trends associated with U.S. state RPS policies. The report, published in slide-deck form, describes recent legislative revisions, key policy design features, compliance with interim targets, past and projected impacts on renewables development, and compliance costs.
The 2017 edition of the report presents historical data through year-end 2016 and projections through 2030. Key trends from this edition of the report include the following:
Among the many risks surrounding long-term investments in power plants, resource risk is one of the most difficult to mitigate, and is also a risk that manifests differently for renewable and natural gas-fired generation. For renewable generators like wind and solar projects, resource risk is primarily a quantity risk—i.e., the risk that annual energy production will be less than expected due to a weaker-than-expected wind or solar resource. Conversely, for gas-fired combined cycle generators, resource risk is primarily a price risk—i.e., the risk that natural gas will cost more than expected.
Most often, resource risk—and natural gas price risk in particular—falls disproportionately on utility ratepayers, who are typically not well-equipped to manage this risk. As such, it is incumbent upon utilities, regulators, and policymakers to ensure that resource risk is taken into consideration when making or approving resource decisions, or enacting policies that influence the development of the electricity sector more broadly.
This paper presents a new framework, grounded in statistical concepts related to "probability of exceedance," to incorporate resource risk into utility decision-making processes. Probability of exceedance is already widely used in the renewable energy industry to characterize the uncertainty around central or "P50" estimates of annual energy production at wind and solar projects, and within the natural gas sector to estimate the likelihood that natural gas prices will exceed certain levels in the future. The new framework developed in this report merges these two distinct applications to create a comparable range of probabilistic resource risk projections for both renewable and gas-fired generators.
Importantly, these probability distributions have markedly divergent characteristics. The distribution of projected natural gas prices is narrow over short time horizons but widens over longer time horizons, reflecting the fact that it is easier to predict where natural gas prices will be several months from now than several years from now. Conversely, the distribution of projected annual energy production from a wind or solar project is fairly wide in any single year but narrows over longer time horizons, due to mean reversion in the random inter-annual variability of the wind or solar resource.
As a result, even when gas-fired generation has a lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE) than wind and solar power on an expected or P50 basis—i.e., the basis on which these resources are most often compared—comparisons that are instead based on worse-than-expected outcomes often reach the opposite conclusion: that wind and solar have a lower LCOE than gas-fired generation. This is particularly the case the longer the time horizon considered and the greater the level of risk aversion.%8 03/2017 %2 LBNL-1007269 %0 Report %D 2017 %T Utility-Scale Solar 2016: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States %A Mark Bolinger %A Joachim Seel %A Kristina Hamachi LaCommare %X
Key highlights from U.S. Energy Service Company (ESCO) Industry: Recent Market Trends
The authors also discuss a number of factors that may have contributed to the industry growth slowdown between 2011 and 2014.%2 LBNL-1006343 %0 Report %D 2016 %T U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards 2016 Annual Status Report %A Galen L. Barbose %8 04/2016 %2 LBNL-1005057 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Using Deemed Savings and Technical Reference Manuals for Efficiency Programs and Projects %A Steven R. Schiller %A Jennifer Easler %A Chuck Rea %A Tina Jayaweera %X
Applying well documented stipulated (deemed) values is a common practice for determining the savings from energy efficiency projects and programs and the databases where such deemed values are cataloged are called Technical Reference Manuals (TRMs). During this webinar, experts will introduce the use of deemed savings, information on setting up and updating TRMs, lessons learned, and resources for state officials. As examples, speakers will discuss the content and development processes used for the Northwest regional TRM and the Iowa state TRM.%B Energy Efficiency EM&V Webinar Series %8 06/2016 %U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLnBkglQh68&feature=youtu.be %0 Report %D 2016 %T Using the Spatial Distribution of Installers to Define Solar Photovoltaic Markets %A Eric O'Shaughnessy %A Gregory Nemet %A Naïm R. Darghouth %X
A growing body of research seeks to explore the effects of solar photovoltaic (PV) market dynamics on competition and ultimately on prices. Researchers have found significant associations between installed system prices and PV industry concentration, numbers of installers, and installer size and experience. However, the use of jurisdictional boundaries (e.g., zip code, county, state) as proxies for market boundaries may misrepresent the true market structure and limit understanding of solar PV market competition, firm relationships, and price trends.
This paper develops an approach to delineate solar PV market boundaries based on the spatial distribution of installer firms. The basic premise of the approach is that the extent to which different installer firms exert price constraints on one another may be inferred from their spatial distributions. We develop an algorithm based on an installer overlap coefficient (IOC) that calculates the percentage of installers that are shared between multiple geographic areas. The IOC algorithm allows us to delineate solar PV market boundaries around clusters of local installer communities.%8 09/2016 %2 LBNL-1006194 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Utility Regulatory and Business Model Reforms for Addressing the Financial Impacts of Distributed Solar on Utilities %A Galen L. Barbose %A John Miller %A Ben Sigrin %A Emerson Reiter %A Karlynn Cory %A Joyce McLaren %A Joachim Seel %A Andrew D. Mills %A Naïm R. Darghouth %A Andrew Satchwell %X
Net-energy metering (NEM) with volumetric retail electricity pricing has been a lynchpin to the growth of distributed photovoltaics (DPV). Although DPV penetration is still well below 1% of retail sales in all but a few states, concerns about possible impacts on utility financial performance and on non-solar customers have motivated a wide range of reforms. This study highlights some of the challenges and opportunities for the DPV market arising from these reforms. It shows, for example, that the immediate elimination of NEM in all states could reduce residential DPV deployment by roughly 30% over the long-run, while universal availability of NEM would increase residential deployment by roughly 40%, relative to current state NEM policies (see figure below). In contrast, other strategies—facilitating higher value forms of DPV deployment, broadening customer access to solar, and aligning utility earnings and profits with DPV adoption—may also ameliorate concerns about the utility financial impacts, but without severely constraining DPV market growth.%B On the Path to Sunshot %8 05/2016 %2 LBNL-1004371 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Utility-Scale Solar 2015: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States %A Mark Bolinger %A Joachim Seel %X
This is an outdated version of an annual report series. You can find the new report, briefing material, data visualizations and data books at the project page: https://emp.lbl.gov/utility-scale-solar/ .
The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. This report—the fourth edition in an ongoing annual series—provides data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. We analyze not just installed project costs or prices, but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices from a large sample of utility-scale solar PV and CSP projects throughout the United States.
Some of the more-notable findings from this year's edition include the following:
At the end of 2015, there were at least 56.8 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity in interconnection queues across the nation. The growth within these queues has come primarily from Texas and the Southeast, Central, and Northeast regions, which is a clear sign that the utility-scale market is maturing and expanding outside of its traditional high-insolation comfort zones of California and the Southwest.%U https://emp.lbl.gov/utility-scale-solar/ %2 LBNL- 1006037 %0 Report %D 2015 %T Updated Value of Service Reliability Estimates for Electric Utility Customers in the United States %A Michael J. Sullivan %A Josh A. Schellenberg %A Marshall Blundell %K electricity reliability trends %K value of service reliability %X
This report updates the 2009 meta-analysis that provides estimates of the value of service reliability for electricity customers in the United States (U.S.). The meta-dataset now includes 34 different datasets from surveys fielded by 10 different utility companies between 1989 and 2012. Because these studies used nearly identical interruption cost estimation or willingness-to pay/accept methods, it was possible to integrate their results into a single meta-dataset describing the value of electric service reliability observed in all of them. Once the datasets from the various studies were combined, a two-part regression model was used to estimate customer damage functions that can be generally applied to calculate customer interruption costs per event by season, time of day, day of week, and geographical regions within the U.S. for industrial, commercial, and residential customers. This report focuses on the backwards stepwise selection process that was used to develop the final revised model for all customer classes. Across customer classes, the revised customer interruption cost model has improved significantly because it incorporates more data and does not include the many extraneous variables that were in the original specification from the 2009 meta-analysis. The backwards stepwise selection process led to a more parsimonious model that only included key variables, while still achieving comparable out-of-sample predictive performance. In turn, users of interruption cost estimation tools such as the Interruption Cost Estimate (ICE) Calculator will have less customer characteristics information to provide and the associated inputs page will be far less cumbersome. The upcoming new version of the ICE Calculator is anticipated to be released in 2015.%8 01/2015 %2 LBNL-6941E %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Using Customer Reliability Benefits to Support Business Cases for Smart Grid Investments %A Josh A. Schellenberg %8 10/2015 %0 Report %D 2015 %T Utility-Scale Solar 2014: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States %A Mark Bolinger %A Joachim Seel %8 09/2015 %2 LBNL-1000917 %0 Report %D 2014 %T Utility-Scale Solar 2013: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States %A Mark Bolinger %A Samantha Weaver %8 09/2014 %2 LBNL-6912E %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Using Financing to Scale Up Energy Efficiency: Work Plan Recommendations for the SEE Action Financing Solutions Working Group %A Mark Zimring %A Matthew Brown %A Dave Carey %8 08/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Utility Business Models in a Low Load Growth/High DG Future: Gazing into the Crystal Ball? %A Charles A. Goldman %A Andrew Satchwell %A Peter Cappers %A Ian M. Hoffman %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %K Regulated Electric Utility Business Models %8 04/2013 %9 Presented to the Committee on Regional Electric Power Cooperation (CREPC)/State-Provincial Steering Committee (SPSC) Meeting Boi %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Utility Customer-Funded Energy Efficiency 101: Presentation for South Dakota Public Utilities Commission %A Steven R. Schiller %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %K energy efficiency %8 08/2013 %0 Report %D 2013 %T Utility-Scale Solar 2012: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States %A Mark Bolinger %A Samantha Weaver %X
Berkeley Lab hosted a webinar on October 2, 2013 to run through key findings from this report. The webinar covers trends in not only installed project costs or prices, but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement ("PPA") prices.
View the webinar here.%I LBNL %8 09/2013 %2 LBNL-6408E %0 Conference Paper %B IEEE 45th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS) %D 2012 %T Understanding Bulk Power Reliability: The Importance of Good Data and A Critical Review of Existing Sources %A Emily Fisher %A Joseph H Eto %A Kristina Hamachi LaCommare %K electricity reliability trends %K power system reliability %K transmission system reliability %X
Bulk power system reliability is of critical importance to the electricity sector. Complete and accurate information on events affecting the bulk power system is essential for assessing trends and efforts to maintain or improve reliability. Yet, current sources of this information were not designed with these uses in mind. They were designed, instead, to support real-time emergency notification to industry and government first-responders. This paper reviews information currently collected by both industry and government sources for this purpose and assesses factors that might affect their usefulness in supporting the academic literature that has relied upon them to draw conclusions about the reliability of the US electric power system.%B IEEE 45th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS) %I LBNL %C Maui, HI %8 01/2012 %2 LBNL-5125E %R 10.1109/HICSS.2012.611 %0 Journal Article %J Energy Policy %D 2012 %T Understanding wind turbine price trends in the U.S. over the past decade %A Mark Bolinger %A Ryan H. Wiser %X
On a $/kW basis, wind turbine prices in the U.S. have declined by nearly one-third on average since 2008, after having previously doubled over the period from 2002 through 2008. These two substantial and opposing trends over the past decade – and particularly the earlier price doubling – run counter to the smooth, gradually declining cost trajectories predicted by standard learning curve theory. Taking a bottom-up approach, we examine seven possible drivers of wind turbine prices in the U.S., with the goal of estimating the degree to which each contributed to the doubling in turbine prices from 2002 through 2008, as well as the subsequent decline in prices through 2010. In aggregate, these seven drivers – which include changes in labor costs, warranty provisions, manufacturer profitability, turbine scaling, raw materials prices, energy prices, and foreign exchange rates – explain from 70% to 90% (depending on the year) of empirically observed wind turbine price movements in the U.S. through 2010. Turbine scaling is found to have been the largest single contributor to the price doubling through 2008, although the incremental cost of scaling has been justified by greater energy capture, resulting in a lower cost of wind generation.%B Energy Policy %V 42 %P 628 - 641 %8 03/2012 %! Energy Policy %R 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.036 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Using Credit Enhancements to Leverage Existing CDFI Capacity: Indianapolis EcoHouse Project Loan Program %A Mark Zimring %A Merrian Borgeson %A Ian M. Hoffman %A Charles A. Goldman %A Elizabeth Stuart %A Annika Todd %A Megan A. Billingsley %K middle income energy efficiency %K renewable energy: policy %X
As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), Indianapolis received a $10 million grant through the Department of Energy's Better Buildings Neighborhood Program initiative. The City of Indianapolis Office of Sustainability partnered with the Indianapolis Neighborhood Housing Partnership (INHP), a community development financial institution (CDFI) focused on affordable housing, to design a financing program for low and middle income Indianapolis homeowners. Launched in June 2011, the $6 million EcoHouse Project Loan Program is available to Indianapolis households earning up to 120 percent of Area Median Income (AMI).
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) are federally-subsidized bonds that enable state, tribal, and local government issuers to borrow money to fund a range of energy conservation projects, including public building upgrades that reduce energy use by at least 20 percent, at very attractive borrowing rates and long terms. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the City of Philadelphia received a $15 million QECB award from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury). The city leveraged $6.25 million of its QECB allocation to finance half of a $12.6 million initiative to upgrade the energy efficiency of City buildings. The upgrades to four city facilities are expected to deliver over $10 million of net savings, and are a major step towards achieving the city's goal of reducing government energy consumption by 30 percent by 2015.%8 07/2012 %9 Clean Energy Financing Policy Brief %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Using QECBs for Street Lighting Upgrades: Lighting the Way to Lower Energy Bills in San Diego %A Mark Zimring %A Merrian Borgeson %K Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) %K renewable energy: policy %X
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) are federally-subsidized bonds that enable state, tribal, and local government issuers to borrow money to fund a range of energy conservation projects, including street lighting upgrades, at very attractive rates over long contract terms. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the City of San Diego received a $13.1 million QECB award from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury). The city leveraged these QECBs to increase the size of a street lighting upgrade project from 10,000 to 39,000 light replacements. The $18.1 million street lighting upgrade project is expected to save the city over $2.5 million in avoided energy and maintenance costs.%8 07/2012 %9 Clean Energy Financing Policy Brief %0 Report %D 2011 %T Understanding Trends in Wind Turbine Prices Over the Past Decade %A Mark Bolinger %A Ryan H. Wiser %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
Berkeley Lab has gathered price data on 81 U.S. wind turbine transactions totaling 23,850 MW announced from 1997 through early 2011. Figure ES-1 depicts these reported wind turbine transaction prices (along with the associated trend line), broken out by the size of the transaction (in MW). Figure ES-1 also presents average (global) turbine prices reported by Vestas for the years 2005 through 2010, as well as a range of reported pricing (among various turbine manufacturers) for transactions signed in 2010 and so far in 2011 (with 2011 prices generally lower than 2010 prices). After hitting a low of roughly $750/kW from 2000 to 2002, average wind turbine prices doubled through 2008, rising to an average of roughly $1,500/kW. Wind turbine prices have since declined substantially, with price quotes for transactions executed in 2010 and to date in 2011 ranging from $900-$1,400/kW depending on the manufacturer and turbine model. For example, turbines designed for lower wind speed sites – deploying higher hub heights and larger rotor diameters for a given nameplate capacity – are priced at the higher end of this range. These quotes suggest price declines of as much as 33% or more since late 2008, with an average decline closer to perhaps 20% for orders announced in 2010 (as opposed to in 2011, which has seen further price declines). These two substantial and opposing wind turbine price trends over the past decade – and particularly the doubling in prices in the 2002-2008 period – run counter to the smooth, gradually declining technology cost trajectories that are often assumed by energy analysts modeling the diffusion of new technologies, including wind power. Understanding and explaining this notable discrepancy between theory and historical reality is the primary motivation for this work. Taking a bottom-up approach, this report examines seven primary drivers of wind turbine prices in the United States, with the goal of estimating the degree to which each contributed to the doubling in turbine prices from 2002 through 2008, as well as the subsequent decline in prices through 2010 (our analysis does not extend into 2011 because several of these drivers are best gauged on a full-year basis due to seasonality issues).%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 46 %8 10/2011 %2 LBNL-5119E %0 Journal Article %J Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society %D 2011 %T U.S. Economic Sensitivity to Weather Variability %A Jeffery K. Lazo %A Megan Lawson %A Peter H. Larsen %A Donald M. Waldman %X
To estimate the economic effects of weather variability in the United States, the authors define and measure weather sensitivity as the variability in economic output that is attributable to weather variability, accounting for changes in technology and changes in levels of economic inputs (i.e., capital, labor, and energy). Using 24 yr of economic data and weather observations, quantitative models of the relationship between state-level sectoral economic output and weather variability are developed for the 11 nongovernmental sectors of the U.S. economy; temperature and precipitation measures were used as proxies for all weather impacts. All 11 sectors are found to have statistically significant sensitivity to weather variability. Economic inputs were then constant and economic output was estimated in the 11 estimated sector models, varying the weather inputs only using 70 yr of historic weather observations. It was found that U.S. economic output varies by up to $485 billion yr−1 of 2008 gross domestic product, about 3.4%, owing to weather variability. U.S. states that are more sensitive to weather variability are identified and sectors are ranked by their degree of weather sensitivity. This work illustrates a valid approach to measuring the economic impact of weather variability, gives baseline information and methods for more detailed studies of the sensitivity of each sector to weather variability, and lays the groundwork for assessing the value of current or improved weather forecast information given the economic impacts of weather variability.%B Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society %8 06/2011 %& 709 %R 10.1175/2011BAMS2928.1 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Using Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) to Fund a Residential Energy Efficiency Loan Program: Case Study on Saint Louis County, MO %A Mark Zimring %K Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) %X
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs) are federally-subsidized debt instruments that enable state, tribal, and local government issuers to borrow money to fund a range of qualified energy conservation projects. QECBs offer issuers very attractive borrowing rates and long terms, and can fund low-interest energy efficiency loans for home and commercial property owners. Saint Louis County, MO recently issued over $10 million of QECBs to finance the Saint Louis County SAVES residential energy efficiency loan program. The county's experience negotiating QECB regulations and restrictions can inform future issuers.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 7 %8 06/2011 %9 Clean Energy Program Policy Brief %2 LBNL-4821E %0 Report %D 2009 %T Understanding Variability and Uncertainty of Photovoltaics for Integration with the Electric Power System %A Tom Hoff %A Carl Lenox %A Nicholas Miller %A Yih-huei Wan %A Ray George %A Joshua Stein %A Benjamin Kroposki %A Andrew D. Mills %A Mark Ahlstrom %A Michael Brower %A Abraham Ellis %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
Data and analysis are needed to understand the variability of photovoltaic (PV) plants to avoid unnecessary barriers to the interconnection of PV. Several data sets show clouds can cause rapid changes in solar insolation. Smoothing of rapid ramps, however, occurs within PV plants. The degree of smoothing depends on plant size. Smoothing occurs on even longer time-scales between separate plants.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 18 %8 12/2009 %2 LBNL-2855E %0 Journal Article %J The Electricity Journal %D 2007 %T Using the Federal Production Tax Credit to Build a Durable Market for Wind Power in the United States %A Ryan H. Wiser %A Mark Bolinger %A Galen L. Barbose %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %K renewable energy %K renewable energy policies %K wind power %X
The United States is endowed with a sizable renewable resource base, and yet only 2.7% of the nation's electricity supply came from non-hydro renewable energy sources in 2006. Other countries have already made significant strides towards using renewable energy. Denmark meets roughly 20% of its electricity needs with wind alone, for example, while Spain is at 9% and Germany and Portugal are at 7%. Despite having a much-more-robust wind resource than any of these countries, the U.S. currently meets less than 1% of its electricity needs with wind power.
Nonetheless, new investments in renewable generating capacity in the United States have been accelerating in recent years. Wind power has been at the forefront of this growth. The year 2006 was the largest on record in the U.S. for wind power capacity additions, with over 2,400 MW of wind added to the grid. And, for the second consecutive year, this made wind power the second largest new resource added to the U.S. electrical grid in capacity terms, well behind new natural gas plants, but ahead of coal. Among the most significant drivers of this recent growth has been the federal production tax credit (PTC) [Section 45 of the Internal Revenue Code], which offers a sizable incentive for investors in wind and other renewable power plants. Impetus has also been provided by a growing number of state renewable energy policies, the rising cost of fossil fuels, improved renewable energy technologies, and the prospect of future carbon regulations. Despite the significance of the PTC for renewable energy, and the fact that Congress is currently considering a longer-term extension of the incentive, relatively little effort has been made to evaluate the impacts and effectiveness of the PTC, or to assess the benefits of a longer-term extension of the policy.1 The purpose of this article is to make some modest strides in this direction by reviewing developments with the PTC over time, assessing its impact on the wind power market, highlighting the potentially positive implications of a longer-term extension of the PTC, and discussing some possible changes to the design of the PTC that might help overcome some of the limitations of the incentive as it is presently structured.%B The Electricity Journal %C Berkeley %V 20 %P 77-88 %8 11/2007 %N 9 %2 LBNL-63583 %& 77 %R 10.1016/j.tej.2007.10.002 %0 Report %D 2006 %T U.S. Aims for Zero-Energy: Support for PV on New Homes %A Galen L. Barbose %A Ryan H. Wiser %A Mark Bolinger %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
As a market segment for solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption, new homes have a number of attractive attributes. Homebuyers can easily roll the cost of the PV system into their mortgage and, with rebates or other financial incentives, potentially realize an immediate net positive cash flow from the investment. PV system performance can be optimized by taking roof orientation, shading, and other structural factors into account in the design of new homes. Buildingintegrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which are subject to fewer aesthetic concerns than traditional, rack-mounted systems, are well-suited to new construction applications.1 In large new residential developments, costs can be reduced through bulk purchases and scale economies in system design and installation. Finally, the ability to install PV as a standard feature in new developments – like common household appliances – creates an opportunity to circumvent the high transaction costs and other barriers typically confronted when each individual homeowner must make a distinct PV purchase decision.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 12 %8 05/2006 %2 LBNL-60054 %0 Report %D 2005 %T U.S. Regional Energy Demand Forecasts Using NEMS and GIS %A Jesse Cohen %A Jennifer L. Edwards %A Chris Marnay %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is a multi-sector, integrated model of the U.S. energy system put out by the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. NEMS is used to produce the annual 20-year forecast of U.S. energy use aggregated to the nine region census division level. The research objective was to disaggregate this regional energy forecast to the county level for select forecast years, for use in a more detailed and accurate regional analysis of energy usage across the U.S. The process of disaggregation using a geographic information system (GIS) was researched and a model was created utilizing available population forecasts and climate zone data. The model's primary purpose was to generate an energy demand forecast with greater spatial resolution than what is currently produced by NEMS, and to produce a flexible model that can be used repeatedly as an add-on to NEMS in which detailed analysis can be executed exogenously with results fed back into the NEMS data flow. The methods developed were then applied to the study data to obtain residential and commercial electricity demand forecasts. The model was subjected to comparative and statistical testing to assess predictive accuracy. Forecasts using this model were robust and accurate in slow-growing, temperate regions such as the Midwest and Mountain regions. Interestingly, however, the model performed with less accuracy in the Pacific and Northwest regions of the country where population growth was more active. In the future more refined methods will be necessary to improve the accuracy of these forecasts. The disaggregation method was written into a flexible tool within the ArcGIS environment which enables the user to output the results in five year intervals over the period 2000-2025. In addition, the outputs of this tool were used to develop a time-series simulation showing the temporal changes in electricity forecasts in terms of absolute, per capita, and density of demand.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 96 %8 07/2005 %2 LBNL-57955 %0 Report %D 2004 %T Understanding the Cost of Power Interruptions to U.S. Electricity Consumers %A Kristina Hamachi LaCommare %A Joseph H Eto %K consortium for electric reliability technology solutions (certs) %K electricity reliability trends %K power interruptions %K power system reliability %X
The massive electric power blackout in the northeastern United States and Canada on August 14- 15, 2003 resulted in the U.S. electricity system being called "antiquated" and catalyzed discussions about modernizing the grid. Industry sources suggested that investments of $50 to $100 billion would be needed. This report seeks to quantify an important piece of information that has been missing from these discussions: how much do power interruptions and fluctuations in power quality (power-quality events) cost U.S. electricity consumers? Accurately estimating this cost will help assess the potential benefits of investments in improving the reliability of the grid. We develop a comprehensive end-use framework for assessing the cost to U.S. electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as "reliability events"). The framework expresses these costs as a function of:
The framework is designed so that its cost estimate can be improved as additional data become available. Using our framework, we estimate that the national cost of power interruptions is about $80 billion annually, based on the best information available in the public domain. However, there are large gaps in and significant uncertainties about the information currently available. Notably, we were not able to develop an estimate of power-quality events. Sensitivity analysis of some of these uncertainties suggests that the total annual cost could range from less than $30 billion to more than $130 billion. Because of this large range and the enormous cost of the decisions that may be based on this estimate, we encourage policy makers, regulators, and industry to jointly undertake the comparatively modest-cost improvements needed in the information used to estimate the cost of reliability events. Specific areas for improvement include: coordinated, nationwide collection of updated information on the cost of reliability events; consistent definition and recording of the duration and frequency of reliability events, including powerquality events; and improved information on the costs of and efforts by consumers to reduce their vulnerability to reliability events.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 70 %8 11/2004 %2 LBNL-55718 %0 Report %D 2004 %T Using Energy Information Systems (EIS): A Guidebook for the U.S. Postal Service %A Dale Foster %A Ben Hough %A Galen L. Barbose %A William H. Golove %A Charles A. Goldman %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
The U.S. Postal Service (Postal Service) recently installed Energy Information Systems (EIS) at 30 facilities in California. These systems integrate electric utility meter data acquisition hardware, software, and communication systems to collect, archive, analyze, and display whole-facility energy consumption data. At some point in the future, these systems could also be integrated with sub-meters that measure the electricity consumption of key end-use equipment. The purpose of this guidebook is to help Postal Service facility managers interpret and act upon energy data available from their EIS, translating the abundance of information these systems provide into knowledge that can be used to reduce energy use and costs. The guidebook first describes basic EIS capabilities and explains the data and reports that Postal Service EIS provide. It outlines a set of strategies for utilizing this information to improve operations and maintenance of building energy use equipment and for facilitating demand response. Finally, the guidebook offers suggestions on creating a routine for tracking and analyzing energy data and integrating this information into regular energy management activities.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 40 %8 10/2004 %2 LBNL-54862 %0 Report %D 2004 %T Utility Green Pricing Programs: A Statistical Analysis of Program Effectiveness %A Ryan H. Wiser %A Scott Olson %A Lori Bird %A Blair Swezey %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
Utility green pricing programs represent one way in which consumers can voluntarily support the development of renewable energy. Such programs have grown in number in recent years. The design features and effectiveness of these programs varies considerably, however, leading a variety of stakeholders to suggest specific marketing and program design features that might improve customer response and renewable energy sales. This report analyzes actual utility green pricing program data to provide further insight into which program features might help maximize both customer participation in green pricing programs and the amount of renewable energy purchased by customers in those programs. Statistical analysis is performed on both the residential and non-residential customer segments. Data comes from information gathered through a questionnaire completed for 66 utility green pricing programs in early 2003. The questionnaire specifically gathered data on residential and non-residential participation, amount of renewable energy sold, program length, the type of renewable supply used, program price/cost premiums, types of consumer research and program evaluation performed, different sign-up options available, program marketing efforts, and ancillary benefits offered to participants.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 36 %8 02/2004 %2 LBNL-54437 %0 Report %D 2003 %T Using Contingent Valuation to Explore Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy: A Comparison of Collective and Voluntary Payment Vehicles %A Ryan H. Wiser %K electricity markets and policy group %K energy analysis and environmental impacts department %X
There are a variety of ways to support renewable electricity production. Common approaches currently in use include renewables portfolio standards, system-benefits charges, and voluntary customer demand for renewable energy through green power marketing. Support for renewable energy is often paid for through explicit or implicit increases in electricity rates. Historically, all electricity consumers have been required to pay these costs, though with green power marketing some of these costs are paid through voluntary customer contributions. An ongoing debate exists on how renewable energy might best be encouraged. Relying primarily on a national contingent valuation (CV) survey of U.S. households, but supplemented by an opinion survey, this report explores the preferences held by U.S. residents for different ways of supporting and paying for renewable energy generation. In particular, this study evaluates preferences for collective renewable energy policies relative to voluntary purchases of "green power" by individual customers, as well as preferences for the degree of government involvement in these programs. As summarized in the full report, several opinion surveys have been conducted over the last five years that also explore household preferences for supporting renewable power generation. This previous research provides some evidence that U.S. residents prefer collective, mandatory payments for renewable energy to voluntary ones. None of these opinion surveys have relied on the contingent valuation method, however, and the exploration of consumer payment preferences was not the principal purpose of study for any of this previous research. Results of the present study provide practical insight on the preferences of the U.S. populace towards various approaches to encouraging the development of renewable energy, and highlight possible limitations and barriers to voluntary green power demand. In addition to having tangible relevance to policymakers and green power marketers, results presented here also have important implications for a variety of academic areas of study:
Though this executive summary principally emphasizes the practical and policy-relevant implications of the survey findings, the reader is referred to the full report for a more academic treatment of the results.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 160 %8 08/2003 %2 LBNL-53239 %0 Generic %D 2002 %T The U.K. NFFO and Ireland AER Competitive Bidding Systems %A Ryan H. Wiser %X
Until recently, the United Kingdom's (UK) principal form of support for renewable energy was delivered through a competitive bidding process known as the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO). Through this process, renewable generators were able to bid for above-market power purchase agreements (PPA) in five NFFO auctions. The UK's electric companies were required to purchase the output of projects awarded NFFO contracts. Instead of the government paying production incentives to renewable energy generators, however, the utility purchasers were reimbursed for any above-market costs that were incurred. A similar mechanism, called the Alternative Energy Requirement (AER), has been operating since 1995 in Ireland. Because these systems eliminate "power purchase agreement uncertainty," a major concern in the U.S., they are described in this case study.%B Case Studies of State Support for Renewable Energy %I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 6 %8 09/2002 %0 Generic %D 2002 %T The Use of Capital- and Performance-Based Buy-Down Programs for PV in California, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts %A Mark Bolinger %A Ryan H. Wiser %X
As one of the first states to implement a system-benefits charge funded buy-down program for photovoltaics (PV) and other customer-sited renewable technologies, California has set the standard for other states to follow. Eleven states now offer capital-based buy-down programs in one form or another. This case study focuses on only three of these programs: California, which has had the most success in stimulating the installation of large amounts of PV capacity, and Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, whose programs are just getting underway yet deserve mention because of their innovative incorporation of performance-based incentives into a standard buy-down program. Innovative Features
Four Pennsylvania funds have teamed up to offer $3.6 million in low-interest, subordinated debt to a 9 MW wind project. This offering represents the first use of low-cost debt by a state clean energy fund to support a large-scale wind project in the U.S., and marks a significant departure from standard grant-based project support. This case describes the structure of the incentive and how it has impacted the project, and identifies several caveats to keep in mind. Innovative Features Several innovative features of this investment deserve note:
Four Pennsylvania funds have teamed up to offer $3.6 million in low-interest, subordinated debt to a 9 MW wind project. This offering represents the first use of low-cost debt by a state clean energy fund to support a large-scale wind project in the U.S., and marks a significant departure from standard grant-based project support. This case describes the structure of the incentive and how it has impacted the project, and identifies several caveats to keep in mind. Innovative Features Several innovative features of this investment deserve note:
The largest barrier to the widespread adoption of photovoltaics (PV) is its high cost. PV is particularly well suited for mass production and installation that could greatly reduce its costs. However, mass production and installation may only occur if prices decline sufficiently to stimulate increased and sustained demand. Several utilities, cooperatives, and clean energy funds have attempted to overcome this classic chicken-and-egg problem by making bulk purchase and installation commitments. This case study explores the efforts of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), the California Power Authority, the Western Solar Utility Network (WesternSUN) Cooperative, and the City of Chicago. Innovative Features
Several clean energy funds have taken an interest in encouraging the development of the green power market. The idea of providing a "customer credit" to green power marketers originated in California. With a customer credit, a state clean energy fund pays the green power purchaser (or more realistically, marketer) a per-customer or per-kWh incentive for each green power sale. California's program involves a simple ¢/kWh credit (up to a maximum of 1.5¢/kWh) to green power customers for each kWh of eligible renewable energy purchased. Learning from California's experience, Rhode Island and New York have also begun to experiment with modified customer credit programs that offer alternative incentive structures. This case describes the program design, results, and lessons learned from all three programs. Innovative Features The idea of stimulating voluntary customer demand for renewable energy is innovative in itself. The use of per-kWh or per-customer sign-up bonuses to encourage such demand has only recently developed. Rhode Island and New York observed some of the problems encountered in California, and have created programs that:
Perhaps because utility-scale renewable energy projects are both highly visible and often quite cost-effective, support for large (> 1 MW) renewable energy projects has proven to be popular among state clean energy funds. While other incentive structures have been used, most states have thus far employed one or more of the following incentive types:
This report will focus on only the first three incentive structures – grants, forgivable loans, and production incentives.1 So far eight states – California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island – have deployed such incentive structures to collectively allocate more than $265 million in support of a potential 1,500 MW of new renewable capacity. The purpose of this report is to describe this experience, as well as to provide relevant lessons learned. Section 1 provides an overview of project funding to date, along with a brief discussion of factors that potentially account for disparities in funding levels. Section 2 describes experience with grants and forgivable loans, which are typically not tied to project performance. Text Box 1 in this section highlights the potential interaction of state funding with the federal production tax credit (PTC) for wind and closed-loop biomass. Section 3 discusses production incentives – the most common performancebased incentive employed to date – by contrasting California's experience with that of Pennsylvania. Text Box 2 in this section highlights the importance of demand to project success. Section 4 concludes, with Text Box 3 offering opportunities for coordination among clean energy funds.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 19 %8 05/2002 %2 LBNL-49667 %0 Report %D 1995 %T Utility Residential New Construction Programs: Going Beyond the Code %A Edward L. Vine %X
Based on an evaluation of 10 residential new construction programs, primarily sponsored by investor-owned utilities in the United States, we find that many of these programs are in dire straits and are in danger of being discontinued because current inclusion of only direct program effects leads to the conclusion that they are not cost-effective. We believe that the cost-effectiveness of residential new construction programs can be improved by: (1) promoting technologies and advanced building design practices that significantly exceed state and federal standards; (2) reducing progra'm marketing costs and developing more effective marketing strategies; (3) recognizing the role of these programs in increasing compliance with existing state building codes; and (4) allowing utilities to obtain an "energy-savings credit" from utility regulators for program spillover (market transformation) impacts. Utilities can also leverage their resources in seizing these opportunities by forming strong and trusting partnerships with the building community and with local and state government.%I LBNL %C Berkeley %P 138 %8 08/1995 %2 LBL-36603 %0 Conference Paper %B 1994 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings %D 1994 %T Uncertainty in Site Inspection and Tracking Database Estimates of Saving %A Richard Sonnenblick %A Joseph H. Eto %K demand-side management (dsm) %K energy efficiency %B 1994 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings %I ACEEE %C Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California %8 08/1994 %U http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/1994/data/papers/SS94_Panel8_Paper24.pdf#page=1 %0 Journal Article %J Economia delle Fonti di Energia e dell'Ambiente %D 1994 %T Uso Efficiente dell'Energia Come Risorsa Energetica: Concetti e Metodologie della Pianificazione Integrata delle Risorse %A Joseph H. Eto %A Marco Marengo %A Lorenzo Pagliano %K demand-side management (dsm) %K energy efficiency %B Economia delle Fonti di Energia e dell'Ambiente %V 2 %8 01/1994 %& 101 %0 Conference Paper %B ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings %D 1988 %T An Updated Compliation of Measured Energy Savings in Retrofitted Multifamily Buildings %A Charles A. Goldman %A Kathleen M. Greely %A Jeffrey P. Harris %B ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings %I ACEEE %8 08/1988 %U http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/1988/data/papers/1988_V2_008.pdf#page=1 %0 Report %D 1987 %T U.S Energy Vulnerability in the 1990s: A Reassessment %A Charles A. Goldman %A Michael H. Rothkopf %A Susan E. Pantell %A Ann B. Thorpe %X
The oil price collapse of 1986 and its effect on the world oil market were the original impetus for the study assessing U.S energy vulnerability during the 1990s. While lower oil prices benefit the economies of oil importing nations, they also accelerated longer-term trends that increase our exposure to a supply interruption-increased oil demand and concentration of production among low-cost producers in the Persian Gulf. Energy vulnerability refers to the degree to which an energy supply and distribution system are unable to meet end-use demand as as result of a sudden, rare, unanticipated event of large magnitude. An assessing vulnerability, we include exposure and susceptibility to sudden shocks, not just the shocks themselves. In relative terms, vulnerability grows with increases in either the likelihood of damaging shocks or the damage that would result from a shock.%C Berkeley %8 04/1987 %2 LBL-24909 %0 Report %D 1986 %T Utility Benefits from Targeting Demand‑side Management Programs at Specific Distribution Areas %A Joseph Eto %I Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) %P 90 %8 08/1986


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Lockdown drill canceled after discovery of threatening graffiti message leads many students to stay home from school
by Kathy Fang and Arushi Saxena
November 6, 2019
This story was updated at 8:30 p.m. on Nov. 6. This is a developing story. Check Harker Aquila for future updates. Following the discovery of a threatening graffiti message in a Dobbins boys bathroom, tomorrow's lockdown drill has been canceled, and the school day will follow a normal B-day sch...


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Following this year's Farewell Yellow Brick Road Tour, the great Elton John will be retiring! (If you want to see him, you'll need to head to Portland)
His music spans DECADES and will live on forever! If it feels like I JUST said this recently it's because I DID! Yesterday when Neil Diamond announced this retirement due to his Parkinson's diagnosis, today's announcement from Elton John (while not as devastating in terms of his health) is still sad nonetheless.
Full story HERE.
(In no particular order, my 5 favorite Elton John songs. (SOOOOOOOO many to choose from) what was yours'?


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Loading map ...
Rating : 3 stars
Size : 224 roomsCurrency : EUR
Wi-fi is available in the business centre and charges are applicable.
Free private parking is possible on site (reservation is not possible).
Pets are not allowed.
Sunny Beach8230 Sunny Beach
If cancelled up to 7 days before date of arrival, no fee will be charged.
If cancelled later or in case of no-show, the first night will be charged.
No deposit will be charged.
Buffet breakfast is included in the room rate.
Half board costs EUR 3.50 per night per child under 12 years.
Half board costs EUR 7 per person per night.
All children are welcome.
All children under 2 years stay free of charge when using existing bedding.
All children under 2 years stay free of charge for cots.
All children from 2 to 12 years are charged 50 % of the room stay per night per person for extra beds.
All older children or adults are charged 80 % of the room stay per night per person for extra beds.
Maximum capacity of extra beds in a room is 2.
Maximum capacity of babycots in a room is 1.
Please note that in case specific policies apply to a particular room or rate, the specific room/rate policy prevails over the general hotel policy
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