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Why you should talk to your Parents about end of life Planning
They are contributing to retirement accounts and setting up life insurance policies. Additionally, they are creating family trusts for asset protection and the passing of wealth. Unfortunately, your parents might not be as concerned with the legalities of preserving and bestowing wealth. As a result, they may have no estate plan in place. This puts any wealth and assets they've managed to amass during their lifetime at risk. Perhaps your parents seem to have no real intention of engaging in estate planning. In that case, it's time to talk to them about the benefits of doing so. It's for their benefit and for surviving heirs.
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Avoid Probate
This is a really important. Trusts are not subject to the probate process. This allows for several benefits. For one thing, there are no probate costs associated with passing along wealth and assets. Additionally, inheritance passed through trust is not made part of public record. That, in turn, potentially decreases the risk that others will come after it. Of course, the procedure of passing assets held in trust to beneficiaries is also much quicker. It is easier than going through the probate process. Thus, grieving family members won't have to wait for titles to homes or money held in trust.
So why not learn more and register with TrustUs today.
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Kochi: The Kerala floods have thrown up several surprise heroes and the latest one is Noushad, a street vendor in Kochi. His act of kindness for the flood victims has won him applause from around the world.
Reji Paul, who owns a stationery shop in the Broadway market here, was busy from Sunday evening attending calls that asked for Noushad. The vendor had become an instant hero in the social media after he donated bundles of dress materials, meant for Eid sale, to the flood-affected people in the northern districts of Kerala on Sunday.
The phone calls from different parts of the world flooded Reji's phone after his mobile number was seen in a Facebook live video shared by actor Rajesh Sharma. He along with a group of volunteers happened to meet Noushad on Sunday afternoon in the Broadway market while searching for clothes to be dispatched for flood relief in Wayanad.
Noushad, who knew about the collection drive, invited them to his stock room, owned by Reji Paul, and donated all the new clothes kept there, mostly for children and women, which were meant for Eid sale. A banner with Reji's phone number was clearly seen in the video following which a huge number of calls came to Reji's number asking for Noushad. It was Reji who had given Noushad's number to them.
Noushad said he had received hundreds of calls, including from celebrities like Mammootty and Jayasurya. "Many offered financial help for our family. But I have done this last year also which went unnoticed," he said. "I couldn't move out from my house today due to these frequent calls," he added.
In the video which went viral, Noushad, while packing the bundles of clothes for the flood victims, is heard saying, "we don't carry anything along when we die. This is my profit which is helping them. This is how I celebrate Eid."
Meanwhile, district collector S. Suhas called him and appreciated his kindness and efforts for the relief work.
"What Noushad has done can't be expressed by words. I have called him. I will meet him once the floods and related activities are over," a Facebook post by Suhas said.
Public Works Department Minister G. Sudhakaran and actor Asif Ali also hailed him for his selfless act.
The social media, which was flooded with Noushad's video, has asked the public not to forget him after the floods. "Once the floods are over, go and meet this man. Help him as much as you can for what he did," a Facebook post reads.


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BANGKOK • A wild elephant killed two Thai men in separate pre- dawn attacks yesterday as they worked at a rubber plantation in eastern Thailand.
Police said the two rubber tappers, both in their 40s and working 3km apart, were killed at the plantation in Kang Hang Maew district of Chanthaburi province.
"We believe that the same elephant killed both victims based on its path," said Lieutenant Sawai Chinwong from the local police station.
A third rubber tapper - a woman - suffered two broken legs after she was also attacked by an elephant at the same site as one of the victims.
According to Lt Sawai, the elephant trampled on the men, using its trunk to fling them to the ground as well as goring them with its tusks.
Thailand has about 2,500 wild elephants.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post8312359020088251507..comments2019-12-29T18:57:44.150-08:00Comments on Life of Miss Sunshade - The Vancouver SuperDALE: Pawty I missed out on.......Sunshadehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-10596351414301257012010-09-04T20:14:29.998-07:002010-09-04T20:14:29.998-07:00Ooh, I think I know which photo made you grrr, Mis...Ooh, I think I know which photo made you grrr, Miss Sunshade. I wouldn't like to see my mom kiss another doggie either. That looked like a fun 1st birthday party for Phoebe..a lucky doggie!!

TeddyTeddyhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-35603583687055785902010-09-04T18:33:39.234-07:002010-09-04T18:33:39.234-07:00Well, I see I've missed a lot of news about my...Well, I see I've missed a lot of news about my favorite Airedale in BC!
Sunshade, other than eating canned food still, ahem, in the can, it sounds like you're doing well. Your (not) evil mum is taking such good care of you, through all these trials and tribulations. I am sure you're being a perfect dog-ter for her, right?
Elaine, congrats on the new business! How nice to tunr something you are good at and enjoy doing into a paying concern. Smart!
And best to D-guy for his recent problems.
Not forgetting Jaffa in all my good wishes for everyone.
xoxox,
email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-38251319484022864162010-09-04T16:08:08.166-07:002010-09-04T16:08:08.166-07:00hey Sunshade, that looks like a terrific party tha...hey Sunshade, that looks like a terrific party that you missed out on. bummer. and BIG BUMMER - did we see Stinky giving your mom a big smoochy kiss????

woofs.the many Bshttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-57712602655266320012010-09-04T08:41:59.283-07:002010-09-04T08:41:59.283-07:00Oh for Pete's sake...our secretary has been ho...Oh for Pete's sake...our secretary has been horrid...'tween Daddy's episode in July (he's totally fine now) and Hooman Sissy gettin' married in three weeks, we've been NOWHERE...

AND WE MISS OUR SUNSHADE FIX...

Rocks in the kidneys? Hmm...Mumsie's done that like four times...she said it's hell....yeesch...

AND YOU ATE A CAN OF DOG FOOD.

BY EATING THE CAN...

After the Holy Terriers pass out...they stand up and fall over laughing...

Then they stand up and

BOW

to Sunshade.

YOU ROCK GIRL!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Kisses,

Lacie Cakes and her stoopid brothers.Scruffy, Lacie and Stanley's Placehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-66513310377958225312010-09-02T20:48:43.319-07:002010-09-02T20:48:43.319-07:00Sunshade! Sorry you were not there! Sure they had ...Sunshade!
Sorry you were not there!
Sure they had a pawesome celebration for Phoebe!
Yes. Kissing scene, right?
Kisses and hugs
LorenzaLorenzahttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-33575678581500307052010-09-02T09:08:28.228-07:002010-09-02T09:08:28.228-07:00Hi Miss Sunshade - yup, must be that photo of mum ...Hi Miss Sunshade - yup, must be that photo of mum and Stinky...I betcha it was because mum was about to whisper in Stinky's ear that she wishes you were at the party too. I'm sure that mum made up for the time away from you with an extra big hug, kisses and treats.My Dog Sam - Ruptured Diskhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-51269493935343129872010-08-31T15:41:31.971-07:002010-08-31T15:41:31.971-07:00Bummer Sunshade. Never mind you got to have bondin...Bummer Sunshade. Never mind you got to have bonding time with Derek. That's pretty cool!!

Noah xNoah the Airedalehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-14325722683307739992010-08-31T06:41:10.014-07:002010-08-31T06:41:10.014-07:00Wow does that look like an awesome birthday party ...Wow does that look like an awesome birthday party or what! Sorry you had to miss it Miss Sunshade. Boober would have had to stay home also while I went as she's not a big fan of all doggies. I'm sure your mum brought you home a party favourite bag.NelsonandBooberhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-30318492.post-54896603391040929792010-08-31T01:50:46.367-07:002010-08-31T01:50:46.367-07:00That did look like one fun pawty, Sunshade. What a...That did look like one fun pawty, Sunshade. What a bummer you had to miss out!
We bet the grrrrrrrrrrrr picture was your mum and Stinky kissin'!

Love ya lots
Maggie and MitchMolly the Airedalehttps://email@example.com


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A Little Red n Blue
Friday, January 31, 2014
Posted by Jolene at January 31, 2014 45 comments
Labels: finished quilt, patchwork
Little Wheels Quilt
Thursday, January 23, 2014
Posted by Jolene at January 23, 2014 27 comments
Labels: finished quilt, pattern, quilt the book
Rainy With a Spot of Sun
Tuesday, January 14, 2014
Posted by Jolene at January 14, 2014 30 comments
Labels: finished quilt, pattern, scrappy
Flying Geese Plans
Wednesday, January 1, 2014
A new exciting idea! I've fallen in line with the Botanics fabric collection, but I've also been on a strict fabric buying diet, so I decided to mimic the colors with fabrics pulled from my stash...
I'm not sure what scale to make these blocks. To make this a lap size quilt, I need to make each geese unit at least 4"x8", but then I know I'll have to add or substitute a lot of these fabrics because I won't have enough.
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I'm trying something different by PLANNING ahead! Normally I just dive into a quilt and figure it out as I go. This time, I'm going to do it right!
Posted by Jolene at January 01, 2014 38 comments
Labels: in progress
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


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ABC Academy Child Dev Ctr
State: Alabama
Post: 36527-5423
County: Baldwin
City: Spanish Fort
Address: 8080 Spanish Fort Boulevard
Phone: (251)626-3866
Fax: unknown
Email: unknown
Contact Director: Pam Brown
Web site: unknown
SIC code: 835199 Industry group: Social Services, Business category: Child day care services, Subcategory: Others Miscellaneous Retail
Employees: 6
Gross Annual Sales (Revenue): 76,000
Description: ABC Academy Child Dev Ctr is a business categorized under others miscellaneous retail, which is part of the larger category child day care services. ABC Academy Child Dev Ctr is located at the address 8080 Spanish Fort Boulevard in Spanish Fort, Alabama 36527-5423. The Director is Pam Brown who can be contacted at (251)626-3866.
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about: ABC Academy Child Dev Ctr (Social Services)


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Re: Desoldering Falcon NVRAM
Posted: Fri Sep 21, 2018 10:48 pm
We welcome retro users & hardware gurus alike! Come and join the party :)
When opening my Falcon, it turned out the Dallas chip doesn't use a package with pins that could easily be reached (and cut): Any suggestion how to proceed here?exxos wrote: ↑Fri Sep 21, 2018 9:40 pmMy video was done to try and prevent damages to the boards as a lot of people are not good at this stuff. Sure more qualified people could do different methods.. but as many found, including myself, using a solder vacuum can easily damage pads, its why I avoided it in my video. Cutting pins and doing things one at a time means people will not start levering the NVRAM with a screwdriver, breaking the motherboard, ripping vias out etc when the NVRAM doesn't come out freely. I've fixed many boards due to such damages.
No objection if you want do a video, but have to think about who are not good at soldering, and how they will likely damaged everything, every step of the way. That is why I did the video, and the methods I did.
Cut the case off..pixelpusher wrote: ↑Sun Jan 19, 2020 1:44 pmWhen opening my Falcon, it turned out the Dallas chip doesn't use a package with pins that could easily be reached (and cut):
Any suggestion how to proceed here?
Yes, I had to borrow a board heater that sets under the board and brings board temp up close to solder melting and then use wick and an iron on top with more solder and flux. I really believe it was the worst extraction I've ever done.


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A Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of the X-Ray Pulsar 4U 1907+09 from Two Observations with the Suzaku X-Ray Observatory
We present results from two observations of the wind-accreting X-ray pulsar 4U 1907+09 using the Suzaku observatory. The broadband time-averaged spectrum allows us to examine the continuum emission of the source and the cyclotron resonance scattering feature at 19 keV. Additionally, using the narrow CCD response of Suzaku near 6 keV allows us to study in detail the Fe K bandpass and to quantify the Fe K line for this source for the first time. The source is absorbed by fully-covering material along the line of sight with a column density of cm, consistent with a wind accreting geometry, and a high Fe abundance ( solar). Time and phase-resolved analyses allow us to study variations in the source spectrum. In particular, dips found in the 2006 observation which are consistent with earlier observations occur in the hard X-ray bandpass, implying a variation of the whole continuum rather than occultation by intervening material, while a dip near the end of the 2007 observation occurs mainly in the lower energies implying an increase in along the line of sight, perhaps indicating clumpiness in the stellar wind.
Subject headings:X-rays: stars — X-rays: binaries — stars: pulsars: individual (4U 1907+09) — stars: magnetic fields
1. Introduction
Discovered by Giacconi et al. (1971), the X-ray pulsar 4U 1907+09 is a wind-accreting high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) with a highly reddened companion star of magnitude , luminosity and a mass loss rate of (Cox et al. 2005). The neutron star is in an eccentric orbit with a period of 8.3753 d. Orbital parameters can be found in in't Zand et al. (1998).
From 1983, when Makishima et al. (1984) found the source to have pulsations, through 1998 the pulse period had a steady spin down rate of , going from 437.5 s to 440.3 s (in 't Zand et al. 1998). Baykal et al. (2006) reported a deviation from the spin down rate, measuring a much lower value between 1998 and 2003, which in 2002 was half the long-term value (). Using INTEGRAL data, Fritz et al. (2007) demonstrated that between 2004 and 2005 a complete torque reversal occurred with the maximum period of 441.3 s being reached in April 2004 followed by spin up behavior with . İnam et al. (2009), using RXTE-PCA data between 2007 and 2008, reported a second torque reversal and a new spin down rate of , consistent with the rate before 1998.
Using data from Ginga observations of 4U 1907+09 Makishima et al. (1992, 1999) reported a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) at 19 keV. CRSFs or "cyclotron lines" are generated by photons scattering on electrons in the strong magnetic field near the surface of a neutron star. Photons from the accretion column above the magnetic poles that are near the energies that separate the Landau levels of the electrons are scattered out of the line of sight, the effect resembling an absorption line (see, e.g., Nagel 1981; Schönherr et al. 2007 for details). These features can thus be used to directly measure the magnetic field strength of the pulsar. Using BeppoSAX observations Cusumano et al. (1998) later confirmed the CRSF for 4U 1907+09 at 19 keV and calculated a strong surface magnetic field of G. Cusumano et al. also reported a harmonic at 39 keV and an iron emission line near 6.4 keV with an equivalent width of about 60 eV.
4U 1907+09 was discovered to have an orbital period of 8.38 days by Marshall & Rickets (1980) and to display periodic flaring behavior over the orbit as well as occasional dipping behavior. The flaring was originally believed to be due to a Be type companion star, where the flares corresponded to the neutron star passing through the companion's outer atmosphere. Van Kerkwijk et al. (1989), however, optically identified the companion star 4U 1907+097 as a supergiant, contradicting the earlier assumption. This was later confirmed by Cox et al. (2005) who identified the companion as a type O8/O9 supergiant with a dense stellar wind, leading to the current belief that the pulsar is entirely wind-accreting.
The dipping behavior has been observed, notably by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), as reductions in intensity for periods on the scale of an hour, occasionally dropping completely below detection levels (in't Zand et al. 1997). Due to the absence of strong variations in the column density, the lack of correlation with the orbital phase, and various spectral features, in't Zand et al. have suggested that these dips are due to the cessation of mass accretion rather than occultation of intervening materal.
In this paper we present data from the Japanese X-ray observatory Suzaku which observed the source twice, in 2006 and 2007. In §2 we describe the instruments and the data reduction process. In §3 we describe our methods and results for time-averaged spectral fitting, including details of the 6.4 keV iron emission line and the CRSF at 19 keV. §4 shows the results of pulse-period determination and phase-resolved spectral fitting. In §5 we detail time-resolved spectral fitting in order to explore the dipping behavior seen in both observations and the flaring seen in the 2007 observation. Sections §6 and §7 are devoted to a detailed discussion and a summary of our conclusions respectively.
2. Data Reduction and Analysis
Suzaku observed 4U 1907+09 with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS; Mitsuda et al. 2007) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD; Takahashi et al. 2007) beginning 2006 May 2 at 06:11 UT (MJD 53857.3) for 123 ks and again 2007 April 19 starting at 10:03 UT (MJD 54209.4) for 158 ks. The observation ID's are 401057010 and 402067010 respectively. The HXD gathered data with both its detectors, the PIN diodes and the GSO scintillators, however we did not use the GSO data because of the faintness of the source in the GSO band relative to the non-X-ray background. The XIS has 4 CCDs: 0–3 with 0, 2 and 3 front-illuminated and XIS1 back-illuminated. In November of 2006 XIS2 was damaged and taken off-line, therefore data in the 2007 observation were taken with only the remaining three XISs. Two corners of each XIS CCD have an Fe calibration source which can be used to calibrate the gain and test the spectral resolution of data taken using this instrument (See the Suzaku Data Reduction Guide 111http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/analysis/abc/abc.html for details).
During the 2006 observation the XIS was set to window mode to avoid saturating the CCD should the flux during the source's flares have proven to be too high. However, this did not prove to be the case and for the 2007 observation the mode was switched to full-window. The pointing was also changed from XIS nominal pointing in 2006 to HXD nominal, both to reduce the flux in the XIS by a small fraction (10%) and to increase the sensitivity above 12 keV for analysis of the CRSF.
Data were processed with version 22.214.171.124 of the Suzaku pipeline and screened to exclude data within 436 s of passing through the South Atlantic Anomaly and within Earth elevation angles of less than 5 or Bright Earth angles of less than 20. All extractions were done using HEASOFT v.6.6.2.
2.1. XIS Reduction
After screening, the good exposure time per XIS was 58.4 ks for 2006 and 80.6 ks for 2007. The XIS CCDs were in the 3 3 and 5 5 editing modes which were cleaned and added to create image files for each XIS. Data from each CCD were analyzed separately. From these we extraced source and background lightcurves and spectra and used XISRMFGEN and XISSIMARFGEN to create the response matrix (RMF) and ancillary response (ARF) files. There was no charge injection in either observation. Channels were grouped by 5 channels below 1.5 keV and 10 channels from 1.5–10 keV. Data below 1 keV and above 10 keV were ignored for all XIS in both observations, due to complete absorption below 1 keV and instrument noise above 10 keV. In addition, data between 1.8 and 2.7 keV and between 1.65 and 2.3 keV were ignored for the 2006 and 2007 observations respectively, due to poorly understood calibration for the Si K complex and Au M edge arising from the detector and mirror system.
Fitting the Fe calibration sources for 2007 in XSPEC v.11.3.2ag (Arnaud et al. 1996) with a model comprised of three Gaussian components (Mn K, K and K) yielded the following results for the Mn K line energy (expected value of 5.899 keV): 5.829 0.004 keV for XIS0, 5.886 0.006 keV for XIS1 and 5.920 0.007 keV for XIS3, showing that the energy calibration is good to 20 eV in XIS1 and XIS3 and to 70 eV in XIS0. No calibration spectra were available for the 2006 data which was in window mode and therefore did not see the corners of the CCDs.
2.2. PIN Reduction
The Suzaku HXD/PIN is a non-imaging instrument with a 34 square (FWHM) field of view. The HXD instrument team provide non-X-ray background (NXB) event files using the calibrated GSO data for the particle background monitor ("background D" or "tuned background" with METHOD=LCFITDT). This yields instrument backgrounds with 1.5% systematic uncertainty at the 1 level (Fukuzawa et al. 2009). As suggested in the Suzaku ABC Guide, the Cosmic X-ray Background was simulated in XSPEC v.11 using the form of Boldt (1987).
Net spectra were extracted and deadtime-corrected for a net exposure time of 32.0 ks for 2006 and 64.9 ks for 2007. We excluded PIN data below 13 keV due to thermal noise. In both observations the source flux falls to levels well below a few percent of the background at 40 keV for our time-averaged spectra and therefore we only use data between 13 and 40 keV. Channels were grouped with a minimum of 50 counts per bin to allow fitting.
3. Time-Averaged Spectral Analysis
All spectral fitting in this paper used XSPEC v.11.3.2ag (Arnaud et al. 1996). Unless otherwise stated, all uncertainties below correspond to = 2.71 (90 confidence level for one parameter). For the time-averaged fits the normalization for XIS0 was fixed while the cross-normalizations were left free for XIS1, 2 & 3 (2006) and for XIS1 & 3 (2007); best-fit values of /dof were usually close to unity. The PIN/XIS0 cross-normalization was set to 1.16 (2006, XIS-nominal) or 1.18 (2007, HXD-nominal pointing; Maeda et al. 2008). Allowing the cross-normalization to be free resulted in unrealistic values due to a broad feature around 8–15 keV. We fit the XIS+PIN data in the range 1–40 keV. The 2006 data are shown in Fig. 1a; the 2007 data are shown in Fig. 2a.
Our initial continuum model consisted of a power-law continuum emission component with a high-energy rollover, plus full-covering absorption by a cold column of gas along the line of sight. For both the 2006 and 2007 observations, we considered three forms for the power-law continuum rollover: a power-law with a smooth Fermi-Dirac cutoff "FDCut" (Tanaka 1986), a power-law with an abrupt exponential cutoff, "HighECut" (White, Swank & Holt 1983), and the "NPEX" model consisting of negative and positive power-laws with a common exponential cutoff (Mihara 1995). Qualitatively, all models gave similar overall results for each observation. For the purposes of this paper we will be using the FDCut model to illustrate how spectral fitting proceeded and to fit the time- and phase-resolved spectra. We include the other two models as an alternate phenomenological descriptions of the continuum and for ease of comparison with other observations.
For the absorber, we assumed the elemental abundances of Wilms, Allen & McCray (2000) and the photo-absorption cross sections of Verner et al. (1996); solar abundances were initially assumed. Data/model ratios to this best-fit initial FDCut model are shown in Figs. 1b and 2b for 2006 and 2007, respectively. Initial values for /dof were 2689.41/996 (2006) and 3820.61/784 (2007).
Figs. 3 and 4 show the data/model ratios in the Fe K bandpass. Both spectra showed narrow, positive data/model residuals at 6.4 keV, evidence for the Fe K emission line. We modeled this line using a Gaussian component. In the 2007 fit we allowed the line energy to be free for all three XIS's based on the differences in gain observed in the calibration source. This allowed for a much better fit of the K line in the 2007 data. It was not necessary to do this in the 2006 data.
Strong data/model ratios near 15–25 keV (Figs. 1b & 2b) indicated the presence of the CRSF, which we modeled using a Gaussian component in absorption. The actual shape of the CRSF is more complicated, but for the purposes of fitting, a Gaussian is adequate to model the feature (Schönherr et al., 2007). In our best-fit model the Gaussian centroid energy was 18.6 keV (2006) and 19.10.2 keV (2007), consistent with previous results by Cusumano et al. (1998) and Makishima et al. (1992, 1999); note that Makishima et al. used a Lorentzian line profile while we and Cusumano et al. used a Gaussian, however the two profiles have similar energy centroids despite their different shapes. We were not able to search for the second harmonic at 39 keV since the PIN spectrum becomes background dominated in that region.
We modeled positive ratios above 8 keV in the XIS and below 15 keV in the PIN with a broad emission feature peaking around 10–13 keV. The "10 keV" bump feature has been observed previously in this source by Mihara (1995) and Coburn et al. (2002) as well as in several other cyclotron line sources, e.g., with RXTE in MXB 0656072 (McBride 2006), Her X-1, 4U 162667, and 4U 153852 (Coburn et al. 2002), and Cen X-3 (Suchy et al. 2007); and with Ginga in 4U 153852, and V 033153 (Mihara 1995). Though the physical nature of this feature is still not clear, it cannot stem from calibration issues since it has been seen with multiple satellites. It is believed to be part of the overall continuum and including this feature as a broad Gaussian emission component in the model is required for a good fit. /dof fell from 1660.25/990 to 1125.39/987 (2006) and from 1743.56/776 to 1315.54/773 (2007). The best-fit energy centroid for this component falls within or close to the gap in energy coverage between the XIS and PIN and the effective areas of the XIS and PIN are low in this region. The energy, width and intensity of this component as derived with Suzaku may therefore be affected by systematic uncertainties which are difficult to quantify.
Next, we noticed narrow positive data/model ratios near 7.1 keV, seen in all four XISes in 2006 and primarily in XIS1 and 3 in 2007. We identify this feature as Fe K emission; detection of this line in 4U 1907+09 is reported here for the first time. Modeling it with a Gaussian component, with the energy left as a free parameter and the width of the K line kept tied to that of the K line, /dof fell to 1090.11/986 (2006) or 1290.08/770 (2007). In our best-fit model, it was significant at the 99.994 (2006) or 99.998 (2007) confidence level to include this component according to an -test (which formally cannot be used in this manner due to a boundary condition violation as per Protassov et al. (2002), but can give a rough approximation of the significance). The best-fit value of the intensity was that of the K line, consistent with an origin in neutral or at most moderately-ionized ( XIII) species of Fe (Palmeri et al. 2003). For the remainder of this paper, the K normalization is fixed to 13 that of the K line.
Finally, we noticed absorption-like data/model ratios between 7–8 keV. We fit this edge-like feature by allowing the Fe abundance of the absorber relative to solar, , to vary. As shown in Table 1, values of near 3–4 were typically obtained. We thus obtained our best-fit model, with /dof falling to 1040.19/985 (2006) or 1239.02/766 (2007). This edge is consistent with our values for the Fe K and K lines, all of which have significant physical implications as will be discussed in §6.3.
Figs. 1c and 2c show the data/model ratios for our best-fit FDCut models, with all the above-mentioned components included. Best-fit model parameters are listed in Table 1 for the FDCut, HighECut, and NPEX fits to the 2006 and 2007 spectra. Flux values for the two observations were 1.5 and 2.8 ergs cm s. The fits are robust to 2 variations in the PIN background level (Fukazawa et al. 2009).
|2–10 keV Flux (ergs cm s)
|( cm)
|Fe Abundance (rel. to Solar)
|Photon Index
|Power Law Norm11Units are (ph keV cm s at 1 keV)
|Cutoff Energy (keV)
|Folding Energy (keV)
|-2.00 (fixed)
|-2.00 (fixed)
|NPEX Norm 1 ()
|NPEX Norm 2 ()
|NPEX Temperature (keV)
|CRSF Energy (keV)
|CRSF (keV)
|CRSF Depth
|10 keV Bump Energy (keV)
|10 keV Bump (keV)
|10 keV Bump Intensity22Units are (ph cm s)
|Fe K Line Energy (keV)
|Fe K Line (eV)
|¡ 35
|Fe K Line Intensity22Units are (ph cm s)
|Fe K Line Equivalent Width (eV)
|Fe K Line Energy (keV)
4. Phase Resolved Spectroscopy
4.1. Pulse Period Determination
To measure the pulse period we performed epoch folding (Leahy et al. 1983) on the PIN data for each observation, excepting the gaps due to the satellite orbit and only using the first 50 ks for the 2006 observation to avoid the pronounced dip beginning midway through that observation. The 2006 observation pulse period was found to be 441.09 s while the 2007 observation pulse period was found to be 441.03 s. Uncertainties are due to strong pulse-to-pulse variations as well as the brevity of our observations compared to the length of the pulse period. Nevertheless, these numbers are consistent with the trends in the pulse period seen by both Fritz et al. (2006) and İnam et al. (2009). The long-term evolution of the pulse period is shown in Fig. 5 with the two Suzaku observations falling in the midst of the second torque reversal, restoring the source to its previous long-term spin-down rate (İnam et al. 2009). Physical implications of this event will be discussed in §6.
4.2. Phase Resolved Spectral Analysis
We divided the pulse profiles into 6 regions as shown in the first sections of Figs. 8 (2006) and 9 (2007) and extracted spectra for each region separately. Each bin had an average good exposure time per XIS of 9.5 ks for 2006 and 13.2 ks for 2007. The number of bins was chosen as a trade-off between achieving good time or phase resolution and having adequate signal/noise within each sub-spectrum. We applied the best-fit time-averaged FDCut models, allowing the following parameters to be free: the power-law photon index (), the power-law normalization, the cutoff energy, the CRSF energy and depth, the Fe line intensity and the 10 keV bump energy and depth. Other parameters were kept fixed in the fits at their time-averaged values; for some, such as the e-folding energy, there was no evidence of variability when these parameters were left free, thus we kept these parameters fixed to minimize any potential systematic effects on other free parameters. The iron line energies and widths were also kept fixed since we do not expect them to vary with phase. The results for selected model parameters are plotted in Figs. 8 (2006) and 9 (2007). We caution, however, that with a low number of pulse bins, evidence for variation in these parameters as well as correlation with flux is not highly robust.
For both sets of data we find that the folding energy does not exhibit strong evidence of variation over the pulse phase. The cutoff energy and do seem to vary over the phase, with both parameters reaching high values in bins 0 and 5 and minimum values near bins 2–4. The Fe line depth shows some variation over the pulse with minimum values in the largest dip. There also seem to be small variations in the CRSF parameters, all of which reach their largest values during the first pulse peak. However, given the low number of counts above 10 keV during the first peak and the influence of the parameters of the 10 keV feature produce a lack of robustness in this result. The fit results also suggest that the properties of the 10 keV feature may vary as a function of pulse phase, but as we cautioned earlier, there may be systematic effects hampering our ability to measure the properties of this feature accurately.
5. Time Resolved Spectroscopy
For a preliminary exploration of spectral variability as a function of time, we present count rate light curves binned on the timescale of the satellite orbit in Figs. 10 (2006) and 11 (2007). Softness ratios are also shown, including (1–3)/(3–5) keV, sensitive to variations in , and (3–5)/(5–10) keV, sensitive to variations in . Additionally, Figs. 12 and 13 show hardness ratios plotted against each other for each interval. The observational data points in these color-color plots were obtained adding data from XIS0 and XIS3, while the grids were created by deriving colors from simulated spectra. The latter are based on the spectral parameters of the point with the highest value of 1.5–3 keV over 3–10 keV (excluding points from the dips and flares) and allowing for an additional absorption component, partially covering the X-ray source, i.e., the "pcfabs" component in XSPEC. Using the response matrices for XIS0 and XIS3, hardness ratios for a grid of values of the covering fraction and the additional were calculated and then interpolated to create the solid and dotted lines in Figs. 12 and 13.
For the 2006 observation, the softness ratios vary over time, beginning and ending hard, while softening in the middle, suggesting that is varying over the observation. The prolonged dip in 2006 between 60 ks and 100ks shows an interesting behavior, beginning very soft but then hardening quickly. These points are shown in Fig. 12 as squares and clearly do not lie along the partial covering grid, indicating that this dip is not caused by a dramatic increase in . Together with the softness at the beginning of the dip, this implies a variation in and that the cause of the dip is not absorption but is primarily associated with the continuum component. For the 2007 observation, the (1–3)/(3–5) keV softness ratio light curve exhibits a dip during the last 40 ks of the observation, suggesting an increase in , possibly caused by, for example, a relatively dense clump of material traversing the line of sight. These dip points (indicated by squares in Fig. 13) are consistent with a high density partial covering material in the line of sight. The (3–5)/(5–10) keV softness ratio light curve is roughly constant, suggesting that does not strongly vary, except possibly towards the final 20 ks.
We divided the 2006 and 2007 data into 6 and 14 bins respectively, trying to ensure enough counts in each bin to make spectral fitting possible, resulting in each bin having an average good exposure time of roughly 11 ks (2006) or 5 ks (2007). The significant difference in binning for the two observations stems from the extended dip in 2006 (see the top panel of Fig. 14) which caused the average flux to be 2.5 times fainter than 2007. We applied the best-fit time-averaged FDCut models, keeping the iron line energies and widths, the 10 keV feature energy and width, and the e-folding energy fixed at the time-averaged value. The light curves and selected model component parameters are plotted in Figs. 14 (2006) and 15 (2007).
In both observations we notice that the Fe line depth is strongly correlated with the flux. Correlation coefficients were found to be 0.86 for 2006 and 0.95 for 2007 with null-hypothese probabilities of 97% and 99.99% respectively. The implications for the geometry of the Fe line-producing material around the source will be discussed in §6.
For the 2006 observation we do see some variation in and , particularly during the dip between 60 and 100 ks. 2D contour plots of versus calculated with the cutoff energy left as a free parameter for the lowest flux subspectrum show no strong correlation between the two parameters; additionally Monte Carlo simulations show a distribution in parameter values only on scales similar to the calculated error bars which are very small compared to the observed parameter variations. Standard deviations for and were 0.02 cm and 0.015 respectively. In addition, we investigated possible correlations between and the cutoff energy in the low flux states but again 2D contour plots and Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the degree of correlation was much smaller than the observed variation.
For the 2007 observation there is a doubling in during the final 2–3 spectra, from to cm. Through most of the observation is roughly constant, but then it too changes in the final 3 spectra, flattening significantly where the flux reaches its lowest values. Contour plots of as a function of for the final three spectra yielded no evidence for any strong degeneracy between these two parameters from one time bin to the next (Fig. 16). It is possible however, that the dip in may actually be a result of not using a partial covering model for the absorber, since we see in Fig. 13 that the dip is consistent with partial covering. The cutoff energy also decreased during this time, but we caution that there may be systematic effects associated with the lowest flux levels. There is no strong evidence for variation in the parameters of the CRSF or the 10 keV bump energy and width, however the 10 keV bump normalization appears to track the continuum flux, consistent with this feature being a part of the emission continuum we do not yet fully understand.
6. Discussion
6.1. Properties of the CRSF
Observations of CRSFs allow direct measurement of the neutron star's magnetic fields, as the line energy , where is the gravitational redshift of the line-forming region. Their properties (depths, profiles, etc.) depend on the pulsar X-ray emission processes and the behavior of matter in strong magnetic fields (Meszaros 1985). CRSFs thus carry a wealth of information about the environment in which they are produced. For 4U 1907+09 we measure the energy centroid of the CRSF to be consistent with previous measurements, e.g., that of Cusumano et al. (1998) who calculated a magnetic field of G using a value of = 0.76. The depth and width are also consistent with previous measurements.
In recent years it has been discovered that in most accreting neutron stars the cyclotron line energy depends on the source flux (Mihara 2004, 2007; Nakajima 2006). Prominent recent examples for such a variability are V033253 and 4U 011563, where the cyclotron line energy decreases with flux (Mowlavi 2006; Tsygankov 2006; Nakajima 2006), and Her X-1, where the line energy increases with flux (Staubert et al. 2007). The most prominent counter-example is A0535262, where the line does not show any flux dependence (Caballero et al. 2007). The line variability can be understood by considering that for many accreting neutron stars, even though the overall source luminosity is only at a few percent of Eddington, the radiation field produced in the accretion column is close to or above the local Eddington limit. In this case, the accretion stream is rapidly decelerated by radiation pressure from the magnetic poles leading to a radiative shock, close to which the cyclotron lines are formed (Becker & Wolff 2005, 2007). The location of the shock depends on the ram pressure of the accretion stream and on the luminosity, . For close to the local Eddington luminosity, with increasing the shock moves away from the neutron star, where the -field is weaker. Thus the CRSF moves to lower energies, as is indeed observed in most sources. For smaller , however, the ram pressure of the accreting material becomes important. As shown by Staubert et al. (2007) for the case of Her X-1, once is below a critical luminosity the height of the column decreases as (and ) increases, because the accreted material "squeezes" the accretion mound. In this regime, therefore, the cyclotron line energy increases with luminosity. 4U 190709, however, is more like A0535262, with no observed correlation between the CRSF energy and total flux. This could imply that it is somewhere between the two regimes described above.
We see strong variations in the CRSF parameters over the pulse phase, as well as in the continuum paramters, particularly and . These clearly indicate that with a change in viewing angle we see different aspects of the accretion column structure. For details on phase-resolved pulsar spectra see Coburn et al. (2002).
6.2. The Pulse Period Evolution
As seen in §4, 4U 1907+09 has an interesting and as it turns out, rather unique pulse period history. Typical XRBs tend to maintain a trend of either spin-up or spin-down with short, intense episodes of the contrary superimposed (Bildsten et al. 1997). Examples of such behavior include Her X-1, Cen X-3, Vela X-1, and X Per. These shorter episodes are often interpreted to be due to short term variations in the mass transfer rate from the donor star which give rise to short-term torque fluctuations (Ghosh & Lamb 1979). Such changes are always accompanied by large magnitude changes in . The model used to describe this behavior is a magnetic coupling between the neutron star and its truncated accretion disk which transfers angular momentum to the neutron star, the accreted matter producing a torque and giving rise to non-zero values of (see, e.g., Ghosh, Pethick & Lamb 1977, and references therein).
There are only three sources known to show a very different behavior: The LMXB GX 1+4, the ultracompact LMXB 4U 162667, and 4U 1907+09, all three of which were historically characterized by nearly constant over decade long periods with no short-term fluctuations but rare dramatic reversals of (Chakrabarty et al. 1997a,b; Bildsten et al. 1997; Fritz et al. 2006). Monitoring of GX 1+4 by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor show it continuing in its new trend 222http://gammaray.msfc.nasa.gov/gbm/science/pulsars/, however 4U 162667 has shown another torque reversal (Camaro-Arranz et al. 2009), returning to a spin up trend after 18 years of spin down. Despite the difference of HMXB versus LMXB, 4U 1907+09 and 4U 162667 have shown very similar pulse period behavior, both with several 1000 years, neither showing any change in X-ray luminosity during reversals of , and both displaying similar ratios for their spin up and spin down periods.
With the simple magnetic torquing model outlined above, both the long distinct episodes of constant and the magnitude and sign of are difficult to explain together (Fritz et al. 2006, and references therein). As was observed in GX 1+4 (Chakrabarty et al. 1997a), one would expect dramatic changes in luminosity to accompany any torque reversal. No such correlation has been seen in either 4U 162667 or 4U 1907+09. Furthermore, it is difficult to understand why the torquing in the spin up regime has a similar magnitude but reversed sign than in the spin down regimes.
Recently, Perna, Bozzo & Stella (2006) presented a new model in which torques can change without having to invoke retrograde disks or fluctuations in . This oblique rotator model can account for all observed properties of the spin history of 4U 162667, including the large values of before and after the torque reversal and the virtually unchanged luminosity of the source. However its prediction that such torque reversals must be very rare is contradicted by the second observed reversal of 4U 1907+09 in only a few years. Further monitoring of the pulse period will be needed as the evolution of the period of 4U 1907+09 may help to improve models of the accretion mechanism in XRBs.
6.3. The Fe lines and the Absorbing Gas: Tracing the Accretion Flow
We have studied the Fe K emission complex in detail, resolving the Fe K line, detecting Fe K for the first time in this object, and detecting a strong Fe K edge at 7.11 keV which we model employing an Fe abundance 4 times the solar value in the absorbing material.
It is possible that the same material which absorbs the X-ray continuum below 2 keV along the line of sight is responsible for transmitting the fluorescent emission lines. We can assume for simplicity that the absorbing gas is situated in an optically-thin, uniform-density, spherical shell of material surrounding the central X-ray source. We can thus use Eqn. 4 of Yaqoob et al. (2001; based on Krolik & Kallman 1987), which yields an estimate for the equivalent width, EW, of the Fe K line given the photon index of the underlying continuum, the column density , assumed Fe abundances, and a covering fraction of the sky as seen from the central X-ray source.
With the abundances of Wilms et al. (2001), solar abundance for Fe means Fe atoms for every H atom. We see that for the material obscuring 4U 1907+09, the Fe abundance is 4 times this value. Using the best-fit values of (1.15) and ( cm) from the 2007 time-averaged FDCut fit, we find EW = 47 eV . With an observed EW of 47 eV, we can conclude that the Fe K line is consistent with being transmitted by the absorbing material if the covering fraction is close to unity. It is thus likely that the absorbing material along the line of sight is in the stellar wind in the vicinity of the pulsar. The high covering factor implied for the Fe line emitter, the lack of continuum emission observed below 1 keV in the time-averaged spectrum, and the absorbing/Fe-line emitting material being full-covering are all consistent with a wind accreting geometry, as opposed to a disk accreting geometry.
The Fe K line energy, the K/K intensity ratio, and the properties of the absorber (e.g., edge consistent with neutral Fe K) all suggest that the bulk of the absorbing/Fe-line transmitting material is neutral or at most moderately-ionized. Theoretical calculations based on Kallman & McCray (1982), however, indicate that the stellar wind should be fully ionized at the radius of the neutron star. According to Kallman & McCray iron becomes fully ionized above where . Using the stellar wind parameters from Cox et al. (2005) we can calculate the ionization parameter, , indicating full ionization. We calculate the distance from the companion star at which the ionization of the wind is consistent with the observed emission features to be roughly 16 times the orbital radius of the pulsar. The existence of neutral, line-emitting iron close to the neutron star in the midst of a highly ionized wind could be possible if the wind from the companion star is clumpy rather than homogeneous. Sako et al. (1999) used the clumpy wind model to reconcile the presence of flourescent lines in the spectrum of the HMXB Vela X-1 by considering an inhomogeneous wind with cool, dense clumps of neutral or near-neutral material. We will show in §6.4 using time variability arguments that this model is likely for the accretion in 4U 1907+09.
6.4. Variability of the Continuum Emission and Absorbing Components
Time-resolved spectral modeling shows that variations in the power-law component are observed in the 1–40 keV continuum variability. The multi-band lightcurves show correlated flux variations up to 10 keV, in agreement with this notion. Given the low column density, variations due to the absorbing material cannot account for continuum variability above 3 keV, particularly in the prolonged dip in the 2006 observation and the flares in the 2007 observation; though as noted earlier, the change in coinciding with the dip at the end of the 2007 observation may be due to incomplete modelling of a partial-covering absorber as indicated by Fig. 13.
The X-ray continuum in wind-accreting pulsars is generally thought to originate in the accretion column as the accretion flow is channeled by the neutron star's magnetic fields onto its poles and then is decelerated in a radiative shock and settles onto the surface of the neutron star. Recent models attribute the X-ray emission to inverse Comptonization of soft seed photons (originating in the accretion mound and the shock front) as the photons interact with the compressing gas (e.g., Becker & Wolff 2007). Variations in could thus indicate changes in the optical depth, temperature, or geometry and therefore the average number of upscatterings a typical photon undergoes.
Finally, the observation of a doubling in during the final 30 ks of the 2007 observation further indicates that the absorbing material is indeed clumpy. According to recent calculations, winds of O and B stars show strong clumping, due to instabilities in the line-driven acceleration mechanism (Dessart & Owocki, 2005). Oskinova et al. (2007) confirmed this result, showing that clumping is indeed necessary to reconcile measured line strengths with observed mass loss rates of the companion star. Observationally, in the HMXB Vela X-1, a system similar to 4U 1907+09, Sako et al. (1999) showed that a clumpy wind is required to explain the lines seen in the Chandra gratings spectrum. This result was confirmed in a statistical analysis of the Vela X-1 flaring behavior (Fuerst et al., 2008), who found typical clump masses around 2.3g.
Flares seen in 4U 1907+09 on the scale of 1 hr as in our 2007 observation are consistent with flaring behavior described by Owocki et al. (2009) and Walter & Zurita–Heras (2007). Based on the clumpy wind models, Walter & Zurita–Heras calculated clump masses from the brightness and duration of typical flares. Their results are on the order of g with values for the clumps around cm. Using similar methods we obtain clump masses of around 1.5 g and a value for also around cm. Additionally, this value for is consistent with the dip in the 2007 observation where the increase in is about cm which could be caused by a clump passing through the line of sight.
From the color-color diagrams we can see that the dip in the 2007 observation and the overall dimness of the 2006 observation are consistent with a partial covering absorber in the line of sight. This could be caused by the clumps in the stellar wind partially obscuring the object. The prolonged dip in the 2006 observation does not fit this explanation, however it can still be explained by a clumpy wind model. Since clumpy winds are expected to have regions where the wind density is significantly below its average density this would explain dips due to sudden decreases in the mass accretion rate as in 2006 and previously observed in 4U 1907+09 by in't Zand et al. (1997). The clumpy wind model therefore explains the observed dipping and flaring behavior as well as the presence of near-neutral iron in the otherwise highly ionized stellar wind.
7. Conclusions
The use of the Suzaku observatory for our two observations has lead to several advantages over previous observations of 4U 1907+09 in that the broadband coverage of the XIS+PIN has allowed us to probe in depth the spectral variability in this source. The XIS offers CCD-resolution and a high effective area to study Fe K bandpass features, plus higher sensitivity below 3 keV than previous investigations to accurately quantify absorption. The PIN has very low background covering the 13–40 keV band, allowing us to analyse characteristics of the CRSF at 19 keV.
Simultaneous multi-band dips and flares are likely caused by changes in accretion rate possibly due to inhomogeneous, clumpy winds. Dips in the soft band could also be explained by clumpy winds when a clump passes through the line of sight.
We have studied the Fe K line with unprecedented precision and the Fe K line for the first time. We have determined that the iron-line emitting material is very close to the pulsar and therefore could also be due to cooler, denser clumps in an otherwise fully ionized stellar wind.
The pulse period has undergone dramatic changes recently and we are able to fill in the gap between Fritz et al. (2006) and İnam et al. (2009) where the second torque reversal took place. The torque reversals cannot be fully explaned by any current model.
Finally, we have observed the CRSF at 19 keV in our time-averaged, phase-resolved and time-resolved spectral fitting. Lack of variation of the cyclotron line energy with flux places 4U 1907+09 in the same regime as A0535262, somewhere in between the large and small luminosity regimes where perhaps the effect of the ram pressure is just enough to keep the shock front of the accretion column at a fairly constant height.
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text:
This work (Lincoln Bennet Rodrigues, by Bennet and Bernard), identified by Bennet and Bernard Custom Homes Private Limited, is free of known copyright restrictions.
Lincoln Bennet Rodrigues is the Founder and Chairman of the Bennet and Bernard. A professional mariner with 18 years of marine background, Lincoln took an entrepreneurial role 15 years into sea life. He continued both journeys side by side. His passion for the deep waters remain, but 24 hours in a day is all one gets. The demands of the excelling the entrepreneur journey saw him move full-time in 2014 to raise Bennet & Bernard Custom Homes.
Lindsay Bernard Rodrigues is the Co-Founder & Director at Bennet and Bernard. With an overall 15 years of marine background, Lindsay joined his brother in construction of premium luxury homes in Goa. Lindsay is the reigning pillar of all businesses under Bennet and Bernard. Every project detail has been under his hawk-eye gaze, and the duo have raised the benchmarks for premium luxury homes in Goa.
Bennet and Bernard's venture into Restaurants was honestly driven by the love of excellent food. The gastronomic experiences were gained over many journeys across regions and countries. An epitome of gourmet delights had paved an indelible love for food, and the brothers soon wanted to bring this to the consumer in Goa. Bennet and Bernard Gastronomy Hospitality would soon set international standards with their 24/7, Thirsty Bear Deli, Barrels & Bones BBQ Steakhouse and Black Vanilla Patisserie and Boulangerie.
Artisan Deli boldly introduces itself as a premium entrant into the FMCG world. The first launch of unique cold-cuts has been recognized as pioneers of the only whisky infused cold cuts. Artisan deli products are curated in-house by Lincoln & his team of experienced restaurateurs. The FMCG line is poised to expand at an India and global level with other uniquely-flavoured and high quality ready-to-eat foods.


text:
The most recent challenge (https://www.quantopian.com/posts/$10k-third-party-challenge-design-a-factor-for-a-large-us-corporate-pension) is not entirely clear to me:
"The portfolio must hold at least 100 assets in the QTU"
Does this mean that assets not in the QTU can be traded (e.g. ETFs)? Or that the portfolio is constrained to the QTU, and must hold at least 100 assets? Presumably, assets must come from the QTU, but it isn't stated explicitly.
Is the idea that leverage should be ~1.0, or are we also looking for predictions of when it should be lower or higher? Would going to all cash be allowed, for example?
Generally, why not just stick to a ranking across the entire QTU end-of-day? We are basically saying that we want a prediction of not to hold certain stocks, right? Is this what the customer needs? Is the customer wanting us to say that no prediction is possible for certain assets at a given time, or we are to kinda slice off the cream of the crop, even though there may be some residual predictability across the QTU? The prior wise guidance, I thought, was that ranking across the entire QTU was desirable (and not to use the optimizer, which tends to lead to less dispersion in ranks).
"There are no constraints on risk exposures or beta to SPY, but your exposures must be time-varying — these tilts should be moving daily."
This requirement sounds like one could deviate from a market-neutral portfolio (e.g. long-only or short-only)? Or maybe we don't care and are looking just for predictability? Also, what is meant by having exposures time-varying and moving daily? If this is actually a requirement, then how should we measure it and what are the pass/fail criteria?
"The specific Sharpe ratio over the first 5 days must be positive."
When I first read this, I thought it was referring to the first 5 days of the backtest. But then I realized it might refer to the IR versus delay plot in the tearsheet. What does this requirement mean?


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Season's greetings from FrontRow! As we look back on 2015, it was quite a year!
To all our customers, integrators, resellers, and employees, thank you for choosing FrontRow and may your 2016 be your best year yet. We love building products for K-12 that make a difference in people's lives, from the students to the superintendent, and we look forward to another year of innovation and helping schools achieve even greater levels of performance, efficiency, and safety.
Here's some of the highlights.
- Juno Connect started shipping in volume, and has been dropping jaws ever since.
- Released a new ezRoom PlenumCore 2x2 enclosure with ETL plenum rating, and updated WallCore to include voice.
- Released Conductor 2.0, a massive update to our IP Paging and Alerts solution. (Many customers have already updated to this new version and love it!)
- New layout files for Encore provide emulation of our wall control panels for a consistent experience.
- A new version of Teacher Edition allows schools to remotely deploy the software using standard tools, making it easy to roll out lesson capture across an entire district.
- Welcomed new regional and international managers to the FrontRow team, as well as new US resellers and International distributors.
- Saw many old friends and met lots of new ones at 2015: TCEA, CETPA, GAETC, SCEdTech, CEFPI Conferences, Digital Education Show Malaysia, CONNECT, SETT, BLC, AAA, African EduWeek, BETT, Clark Mainstream, CUE, EAA, ESC 1 Tech Conference, FEFPA, FETC, GESS Dubai, Integrate, ISE, ISTE, LAMAR, MAASS, MAssCUE, MN TIES, NCCE, NJEA, SLF, TBI Tech Tours, and Troxell West. Whew, sorry if we missed anyone!
- FrontRow Received Autism Resource Certification from IBCCES.
See you in 2016!


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Click here to view the presentation slides.
Customer experience is overtaking price and product as the key brand differentiator. Direct-to-consumer businesses (D2C) across industries–from apparel and consumer-packaged goods, to publishing and education–are making it their channel of choice. The common challenge for all is owning the customer journey in an increasingly fragmented, complex and rapidly changing world.
eMarketer is pleased to moderate a Tech Talk Tuesday presentation featuring Craig Peasley, director of product marketing at Adobe. Craig discusses how D2C companies are optimizing and running their entire businesses based on real-time insights across every step of the customer's journey.
View the webinar to learn:
Craig Peasley is the director of product marketing at Adobe, leading product marketing for digital commerce, overseeing go-to-market strategies and execution for the core platform, and has been at Magento Commerce for four years. With more than 20 years of marketing experience, Craig has launched many new products and business lines across the small business-to-enterprise markets for leading companies, including Yahoo, Shutterfly, Safeway, and Mattel.


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Bursa was the first capital of the Ottoman Empire and has a history that dates back to 4000BC. Bursa is Turkey's fourth largest and technologically advanced city. Bursa city was the capital for many civilisations and religions and as so it is home to many monuments and rich historical interests.
Bursa attracts attention not only for its cultural heritage but also for its outstanding natural beauty and historical landmarks. Bursa is home to many Islamic, Christian and Jewish monuments and within the province of Bursa; Iznik is the most important of the eight Christian pilgrimage sites in the whole of Turkey.
Things to do in Bursa
Bursa is the home of outstanding natural beauty, which is complemented by its vast historical background. Bursa has a lot to brag about particularly as this province was the first Ottoman capital, and as such is endowed with an array of monuments, mosques, tombs, baths, etc. One would expect Bursa to offer something other than the norm due to the number of visitors that it attracts, therefore it is difficult to offer a top list of attractions with so many to choose from, however our list would be as follows:
Ulu Cami (Grand Mosque) – visit the largest mosque in Bursa and revel in this landmarks early Ottoman architecture.
Central Markets – located behind the Ulu Cami, Bursa's sprawling Kapali Carsi (Covered Market) contains two historic markets.
Tombs of Sultans Osman & Orhan – the resting place of the founders of the Ottoman Empire.
Bursa City Museum – Check out the history of Bursa from the earliest sultans, relics and cultural and ethnographic collections.
Bursa Citadel - Some ramparts and walls still survive on the steep cliff, the site of Bursa's citadel and oldest neighbourhood.
Uludag - Whether winter or summer, take a cable-car up the Great Mountain (2543m) and see the views and the cool, clear air of Uludag National Park.
Muradiye Hudavendigar – The Muradiye Hudavendigar Mosque Complex is a must see when in Bursa as this was the last imperial foundation which began its life in 1424 being built by Murat II.