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Det humanistiske fakultet
Institutt for lingvistiske og nordiske studier
Vikingtid og nordisk middelalder
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Det humanistiske fakultet
Institutt for lingvistiske og nordiske studier
Vikingtid og nordisk middelalder
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Slaves in the Viking Age: Functions, Social Roles and Regional Diversity
Haga, Sarah Elizabeth
Master thesis
Slaves-in-the-V ... --Sarah-Elizabeth-Haga.pdf (2.127Mb)
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Vikingtid og nordisk middelalder
Slavery in the Viking Age was a common practice throughout Scandinavia and the Scandinavian diaspora with the use of slaves socially, culturally, and economically, depending on the region in which they existed. Their different functions and roles—such as concubines, domestic and agricultural labourers, captives, rebels, and sacrificial victims—addressed different societal demands. In this thesis, such functions and roles are analyzed through the examination of the evidence from three related regions, namely Northwestern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia. These regional examinations rely on Viking Age written texts and archaeological evidence, as well as other sources that pertain to the period, such as the saga materials. Textual sources from Northwestern Europe, such as the Annals of Ulster and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, provide a Christian perspective on the Scandinavian raids and settlements in the region. The Arab writers, such as Ibn Fadlān and Ibn Rusta, provide information about the Eastern Vikings known as Rūs and their interactions with slaves. Finally, saga materials, such as Rígsþula, Laxdœla saga, and Landnámabók, along with the law codes from the end of the Viking Age—Grágás and Gulathing and Frostathing laws—provide information on Scandinavian slave practices. Previously, general studies of slaves in the Viking Age have been shaped by written evidence however by incorporating archaeological evidence, this thesis will allow for a more nuanced analysis of the social functions and roles of slaves in this period. The archaeological sites of Ballateare, on the Isle of Man, Lejre in Denmark, and Birka within Sweden are a few of the sites that are discussed and compared to the contemporary literary texts written by non-Scandinavian authors as well as later Scandinavian texts: I also compare the evidence of slaves and the social functions and roles of slavery inside Scandinavia with those within Scandinavian communities in other regions. The inclusion of archaeological materials, specifically the so-called "master and slave" burials, assists in further defining the function of slaves in the Viking Age. Such comparative analysis of different types of evidence and throughout different regions of Viking Age Europe provides an understanding that the discussion of slaves in the Viking Age cannot be limited to one specific social role or function defined by slavery as a social institution, but rather should be focused on a more nuanced relationship between this social class and the region and time periods to which they existed in.
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Bioavailability of Vitamins, ProVitamins, Coenzymes and Cooking
AnaSCI VET / Donating Member
Posts: 1,919
Join Date: Nov 2013
Bioavailability of Vitamins, ProVitamins, Coenzymes and Cooking - 12-05-2016, 09:37 PM
Bioavailability is the degree to which food nutrients are available for absorption and utilization in the body. Vitamins are substances needed in small amounts for normal body functions that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts. In many cases vitamins act as cofactors that are needed in order to allow enzymes to perform their important work of facilitating metabolism in the body. In this case the vitamins are called coenzyme vitamins. Examples of synthesized vitamins are Vitamin B1 as thiamin hydrochloride and vitamin B6 as pyridoxine hydrochloride. They require conversion in the body means both that they are not immediately available for use by the body and that metabolic energy is required for the conversion. The body cannot directly utilize synthesized vitamins, but must convert them by adding a phosphate group (usually from adenosine triphosphate, i.e., ATP) in order to become active coenzyme form vitamins. A provitamin is a substance that may be converted within the body to a vitamin. The term "previtamin" is a synonym. For example, "Provitamin B5" is a name for panthenol, which may be converted in the body to vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). The term "provitamin" is used when it is desirable to label a substance with little or no vitamin activity, but which can be converted to an active form by normal metabolic processes.
The following provides a list of currently available bio-identical coenzyme vitamins:
Vitamin B1 in the form of thiamin diphosphate (or cocarboxylase)
Vitamin B2 in the form of riboflavin 5-phosphate sometimes called flavinmononucleotide (FMN)
Vitamin B3 in the forms of forms of niacinamide (partial coenzyme), nicotinamide diphosphate (NAD), and nicotinamide diphosphate hydrate (NADH)
Vitamin B5 in the form of panthetine
Vitamin B6 in the form of pyridoxal 5-phosphate
Folate in the forms of folinic acid (5-formyl tetrahydrofolate) and methyltetrahydro folate
Vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin.
Most vitamins are sensitive to heat and water. Water-soluble vitamins, especially most of the B vitamins and vitamin C, leach into cooking water. Vitamins A, D and E are fat-soluble and leach into cooking oils. Vitamin C is the most likely to get lost in cooking being susceptible to heat, air and water. Vitamin E is sensitive to heat, air and fat. Only vitamins K and B-3 (niacin) are stable enough to hold up well during cooking.
Cooking does not reduce the amounts of most of the minerals in food, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium and sodium. The exception is potassium, a mineral found in a wide variety of foods ranging from potatoes to fish, which can leach into cooking water.
Raw fruits and vegetables generally retain more vitamins than cooked ones. However, some foods, especially meats, must be cooked for safetys sake. Others, such as artichokes, aren't very edible raw. Light cooking can also boost the absorption of certain nutrients, such as vitamin A, and healthful plant chemicals, such as lycopene in tomatoes.
Cooking reduces the vitamins and minerals but significantly increases the concentration of antioxidants that may help prevent cancer. The key is to strike a balance between digestibility and nutrient content by using cooking methods that keep vitamin and mineral loss to a minimum.
Four Ways to Reduce Mineral & Vitamin Loss When Preparing Food:
Minimize Air Exposure
Dont cut fruits or vegetables until just before you plan to cook or eat them, and avoid removing the peel whenever possible. Aim to chop or slice produce into large pieces rather than small ones in order to decrease the amount of surface area that will come into contact with air. If you need to prepare produce before you use it, store it in a tightly covered container.
Minimize Exposure to Water
Cleaning raw produce by presoaking or vigorous washing with lots of water can strip nutrients. Rinsing some grains, like rice, before cooking, also causes vitamin and mineral loss. Avoiding boiling in favor of steaming, stir-frying, pressure cooking and microwaving. If you need to cook in water, use as small an amount as possible. After grains like pasta have finished cooking, don't rinse them since that can also wash away nutrients.
Lessen Cooking Time
Try to cook produce only until it is just tender -- avoid overcooking whenever possible. Heat pans well before sautéing foods and, if you're cooking in a liquid like water, bring it to a boil before adding in produce to keep the cooking time brief. Aim to cook only as much produce as you need at one time because reheating foods exposes them to more nutrient loss.
Avoid Alkaline Cooking Liquid
Recipes for cooking green vegetables like collard greens or spinach often call for the addition of baking soda, which can help preserve the dark green color of the produce. Instructions for preparing dried beans and legumes also often include baking soda to help decrease the cooking time. Baking soda, however, causes cooking water to become alkaline. An alkaline cooking environment can significantly lower the vitamin C and thiamine content of foods and should be avoided.
After learning all of this, I will definitely change my cooking strategies.
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Srinagar: Road accident has injured eleven passengers on Thursday in Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir. The injured include two ladies.
Reports said that a passenger vehicle skidded off the road and plunged into into a gorge injuring the passengers.
Quoting officials the reports said a vehicle, bearing registration number JK-03D-2348, was on the way to Banihal from Mahoo- Mangith in Ramban district when it rolled down into a nallah near Bawa in Khari tehsil this morning.
All the injured have been shifted to nearby hospitals for treatment.


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What is Yoni Steaming?
Soothe and Revitalize Your Womb
A Yoni Steam, also referred to as vaginal steaming, is an ancient womb healing practice that utilizes hydrotherapy and herbs to heal, tone, and detox the vagina, cervix, and uterus. The warmth of herbal infused steam cleanses the room and the herbal blends are curated for a woman depending on what she is treating. Respected by healers around the globe, yoni steaming reconnects you with your womb utilizing plant medicine to heal.


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January 23, 2020 11:18
Many Koreans hit the road to their ancestral hometowns for family reunions and traditional rituals, while other holidaymakers travel overseas over the Lunar New Year.
But for those who prefer to spend the holiday on their own instead of being held up on congested roads traveling to their hometowns or being bothered by stressful encounters with relatives, here are a couple of new films that hit local theaters this week, just in time for the Lunar New Year holiday.
Arguably the most-anticipated film during the year's first holiday season would be actor Lee Byung-hun's political drama "The Man Standing Next," which was released on Wednesday.
Based on the historical backdrop of the assassination of former strongman Park Chung-hee in 1979, the film recalls power struggles among spy agency chiefs to unfold a hidden story surrounding the assassination. It deals with somewhat heavy and dense themes that probably appeal mostly to middle-aged male viewers.
But there are comedies for those looking for something lighter -- "Hitman: Agent Jun" and "Mr. Zoo: The Missing VIP." Actor Kwon Sang-woo's "Hitman: Agent Jun" is about a top intelligence agent who quits his job to become a webtoon writer.
Actor Lee Sung-min's "Mr. Zoo: The Missing VIP" is about a man who suddenly gains the ability to talk to animals after an accident. The film features a diverse range of animals such as a dog, panda, tiger, gorilla, parrot, hamster and horse in some fun and comic scenes.
Disney's animated film "Spies in Disguise" could be a good choice for a family outing, as it seems funny enough to satisfy all family members. It revolves around a spy who transforms into a pigeon after drinking a mysterious liquid. Will Smith and Tom Holland lend their voices to the film.
The film will also please many Korean moviegoers as K-pop girl group TWICE's hit song "Knock Knock" is featured on the soundtrack of the film.
- Copyright © Chosunilbo & Chosun.com


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Hiking on La Palma
You'll find here important hiking information
Village romance and Guanchen caves. Our hiking tour begins in the dreamy village Las Tricias, situated in the northwest of the island. Above paved paths, passing by on old threshing places, we'll arrive at an idyllic location. Visitors will experience La Palma in the area of Las Tricias likes out of a picture book: Lush gardens, lovely dragon trees and the constant view over the broad Atlantic characterize this blessed nature land – and our hiking trail snakes along the middle of it.
This area gives us also an insight into the rural life. On green terraces are old farms, built of volcanic rock. The wing of an old flour mill points into the sky and shows that once was grown here a large amount of wheat. The work on the terrace fields was hard. Today they lie idle, but in spring they grow into flowery meadows. The almond trees bloom here in February. On our way provides Acerina, a woman farmer, sugared almonds.
The area around Las Tricias settlement was once the residential center of the Guanches, the indigenous people of La Palma. The Buracas caves, where they lived more than 500 years ago, are another attraction on our tour. They are used today by locals and dropouts. The path leads through beautiful almond-, orange-, and dragon trees. Finally cistus and wild artichoke line our path through this little paradise.
After this tour we'll visit the farmer's market of Puntagorda, where local products such as honey, goat cheese, wine, homemade Mojo and almond biscuits are offered.
Tour length: 6 km
Walking time: approx. 3 hours. (incl. breaks)
Differences in altitude: + 100 m / - 400 m
NAToUR trekking
Senderos Canarios S.L.
Los Cancajos - Breña Baja - Isla de La Palma
Office opening hours: 9 am – 1 pm and 5 pm to 7 pm
Phone.: +34 922 433 001
Fax: +34 922 433 011


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Chandigarh, Nov 17 (PTI) The Tandrust Punjab Mission has curtailed unwanted usage of agro chemicals in the state, thus saving Rs 355 crore on farming input costs, K S Pannu, the mission's director said on Sunday.
In a statement, Pannu informed that the average consumption of pesticides during Kharif 2018 has been 3838 metric tonnes which costs more than Rs 2000 crore.
'However, during Kharif 2019 there has been on an average 35 per cent reduction in usage of insecticides/pesticides. It includes reduction in use of weedicide and fungicide. The decrease in pesticide usage alone is about 18 per cent,' he said.
This sizable reduction in consumption of insecticides/ pesticides has lead to saving of Rs 355 crore at the level of farmers, he said.
Crediting the achievement to sustained awareness campaign under Tandrust Mission Punjab, he informed that numerous awareness camps/seminars/workshops have been organised in every nook and corner of the state by the officers of agriculture department, to sensitise farmers about unwanted usage of pesticides.
Cotton and basmati rice crops are the main areas where attention was focussed for reducing the usage of pesticides, he said, adding that a special campaign was launched to ensure the availability of only high quality chemicals to the farmers.
'Besides, vigorous checking and sampling of agro chemicals was done to weed out substandard and spurious products,' he said.
He said that reduction in the use of urea by about 2 lakh tonnes in Kharif 2019 has also considerably helped to prevent the spread of insects which in turn lead to curtailing the usage of insecticides.
Tandrust Punjab Mission aims to make people healthy by ensuring a good living environment and healthy food habits. PTI SUN RHL


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Amidst all the traffic and noise, Loft is a place I always passed by! And I finally got to visit it! Perks : - Indoor Outdoor seating - Good parking space available - Multiple Stand-Up comedy & other activities held every week or so. - Board games & mini-library - All sorts of cosy corners to choose, from bean bags to sofas to chairs! - AMAAAAZING FOOOD! Must try : Their Freak shakes, Pizza Sticks Poutine.
Have You Been To This Hidden Cafe In Kormangala?
What Makes It Awesome?
What Could Be Better?
Service was a tad bit slow, but I still had no complaints as it was a weekend and it's totally understandable!
How Much Did It Cost?
₹500 - ₹1,000
Best To Go With?
Big Group, Family
Also On Zee5 Loft


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Denmark North DenmarkAalborg Historic Center, Aalborg
Wander through this lovely Danish town, and enjoy the wonderful array of historic buildings and interesting attractions.
Historic Center, Aalborg
Plan your perfect trip to Denmark!
Easily create an itinerary based on your preferences: Where to visit? For how long? What to do there?Plan your trip


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The Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors (APHC) has teamed-up with Travis Perkins to schedule a series of free workshops across England and Wales.
Travis Perkins will be providing an insight into how the market is developing from a regional perspective with regards to the sales of heat pumps and other alternative heat technologies as the industry develops to assist the country to meet its carbon neutral target.
APHC CEO John Thompson said: "By attending one of the free workshops, installers will learn how the heating market is already changing in terms of alternative heating technologies and how their knowledge and skills will have to develop to keep up with the industry. Plus, attendees will learn about new legal requirements for the safe isolation of electrical products which employers and sole traders need to be able to demonstrate they are compliant with."
APHC will give an overview of what employers and sole traders need to do to comply with new legal requirements for Safe Electrical Isolation. Part of the legislation requires employers and sole traders to demonstrate they have the required knowledge to work compliantly with the incoming standards. All attendees will receive a certificate to demonstrate they attended the APHC Safe Electrical Isolation Workshop.
Workshops will be held in the following locations:
Tuesday 17 March: York
Wednesday 18 March: Manchester
Thursday 19 March: Coventry
Tuesday 24 March: Bedford
Wednesday 25 March: Exeter
Thursday 26 March: Cardiff
Contact APHC on 0121 711 5030 or email@example.com for further information.


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Savoursmiths Desert Salt Potato Chips
Buy potato chips on Amazon #ad
Taste test: These potato chips promised the unusual ingredient of salt from the Kalahari Desert. We couldn't see any specific evidence of that in the appearance of the chips — and we wouldn't even know where to begin to look for it. The chips had a strong yellow color with a semi-transparent look in some areas, plus lots of skin around the edges and somewhat wiggly shapes. The pieces were generally smallish.
We crunched in to find a strong crunch and good rich potato taste, fairly salty at times, but there was not anything flavorwise that set these apart from potato chips that didn't mention the Kalahari Desert on their bags. Still, they were tasty.
Shop: Buy potato chips on Amazon #ad
Smell test: Mild potato smell.
From the package: "We could tell you more about our desert salt ... like how it is unrefined and unprocessed, and naturally harvested from a salt pan in the pristine Kalahari Desert ... but we get the feeling you're the kind of crisp eater who would rather keep it minimal. We respect that." ... "Savoursmiths' potatoes are grown in the UK to LEAF Marque standards."
Online store: Buy potato chips on Amazon #ad
Company: Savoursmiths Ltd. (United Kingdom)
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- Snacks from the UK (321 reviews)
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This snack was discovered at Deluca's Market, Beacon Hill, Boston. Review published .
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An irresponsible twentysomething comic and his equally shameless grandmother join forces as proud pariahs in this dark and rowdy story of dicey family ties, kindred spirits, bad behavior, and bribery.
When Rory's judgmental mother told him that he took after his grandma Evelyn, he took it as a compliment. The ninety-two-year-old cocktail-toting, offtrack-betting party girl was every bit the troublemaker he was. When she landed at a dead-end nursing home, Rory jumped at the chance to liven things up for bored Evelyn—with vodka, scratch-offs, bingo, and gaming. But even in this modest assisted-living casino, the risk of betrayal was a gamble.
Rory Scholl's Black Sheep is part of This Can't Be Happening, a collection of four true stories about making the best of a worst-case scenario curated by Kevin Allison, creator of the hit true storytelling podcast RISK! Outrageous, alarming, triumphant, and sometimes embarrassing, these fearless confessionals can be read, or listened to, in one what-on-earth-would-I-do? sitting.


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Pyrolysis Oil Market - Global Industry Analysis an
Global Pyrolysis Oil Market: Regional Analysis. Currently, North America and Europe are the two regions that are providing for the maximum chunk of demand in the global pyrolysis oil market, which is a reflection of the upturn in growth of the industrial boilers and industrial diesel engines industry.Get a quote
2008-11-3 · UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, SOIL FERTILITY AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION ROBERT HAWKINS, JON NILSSON, REBECCA OGLESBY AND DANNY DAY Summary of information presented May 7, 2007 at the UN Commission on Sustainable Development Partnerships Fair - Partnership in New Technologies for Small Island Developing StatesGet a quote
Fuel oil quality and combustion of fast pyrolysis bio-oi
2015-3-23 · (HFO) in industrial or district heating boilers (Oasmaa et al. 2010b). Heavy fuel oil boilers are typically larger and more robust that light fuel oil (LFO) fired boilers and thus less demanding as regards the quality of the fuel used. Forest industry is the main user ofGet a quote
A Review and Discussion of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis an
2014-5-1 · condensable gasses often used to heat boilers. The wood distillation industry declined in the 1930s due to the advent of the petrochemical industry and its lower priced products. However, pyrolysis of wood to produce charcoal for the charcoal briquette market and activated carbon for waterGet a quote
The pyrolysis top 20 applications - etia-group.c
2019-6-5 · Pyrolysis oil is a high energy blend of hydrocarbons which can be used further in many industries. 9. Plastics to heat – conventional fuel replacement in boilers. Operators of industrial gas boilers powered by natural gas often look for the possibility of reduction of conventional fuel costs. Pyrolysis can be a useful process for this objective.Get a quote
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Pyrolysis: A sustainable way from Waste to Ener
2016-11-23 · Pyrolysis: A sustainable way from Waste to Energy . Bio-Oil can be combusted directly in boilers, gas turbines and slow and medium speed diesels for heat and power applications. Bio-Oil . Comparison of pyrolysis liquid and conventional fuel oil characteristics*Get a quote
Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oi
2019-3-10 · Fast pyrolysis has now achieved a commercial success for production of chemicals and is being actively developed for producing liquid fuels. Bio-oils have been successfully tested in engines, turbines, and boilers, and have been upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon fuels, although at a presently unacceptable energetic and financial cost.Get a quote
Biomass Pyrolysis Comes of Age : Biofuels Dige
By Lorenz Bauer, Ph.D., Lee Enterprises Consulting, Inc. Special to The Digest After many years of development biomass pyrolysis is finally maturing as a commercial technology. Pyrolysis is not incineration. The goal is to use heat in the absence of oxygen to convert the biomass to a more useful form while preserving as much ofGet a quote
2008-11-3 · UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, SOIL FERTILITY AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION ROBERT HAWKINS, JON NILSSON, REBECCA OGLESBY AND DANNY DAY Summary of information presented May 7, 2007 at the UN Commission on Sustainable Development Partnerships Fair - Partnership in New Technologies for Small Island Developing StatesGet a quote
Industrial boilers,biomass boiler, autoclave, tyr
Xinxiang Xinda Boiler Container Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of industrial boilers,biomass boiler,autoclave, tire or plastic pyrolysis plant, waste oil distillation equipment .Get a quote
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Fast pyrolysis of biomass. Challenges and opportunities of technology, feedstocks and science behind a promising source of fuels. Read on Fast pyrolysis of biomassGet a quote
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Online upgrading of organic vapors from the fast pyrolysis o
2016-10-25 · Online upgrading of organic vapors from the fast pyrolysis of biomass【】_/_ can be used as a fuel in boilers, diesel engines or gas turbines for theGet a quote
Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis O
2019-3-22 · Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil turbines, and boilers, and have been upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon fuels, although at a Biomass for Energy and Industry, Seville, Spain, June 2000. (6) Diebold, J.; Scahill, J. Production of Primary Pyrolysis Oils in aGet a quote
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Length – 300 cm – 10 foot
Width – 115 cm – 3'10 foot
Shape – Runner
Fabric – Wool
Design – Central Medallion
Pattern – Floral
Make – Tribal
Rug Type – Hand Knotted
Age – 40 – 50 years old
Condition – Professionally cleaned in great condition and good pile.
Rug Origin – South West Persian Shiraz Qashqai tribal runner with five medallion design. An excellent furnishing runner with outstanding design and superb colours.
The runner is made with very fine hand spun wool on wool foundation. Hand washed and is ready for use or display. The runner is suitable for heavy domestic use.
Availability – In Stock
1 in stock


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With the half-way point of the season approaching, Turin based newspaper Tuttosport have today taken stock of the current state of Inter, who currently lead the way in Serie A.
Many Inter players are flying at the moment, none more so than Lautaro Martinez. The 22-year-old striker is in the form of his life and has 13 goals in 19 appearances so far this season. In the past month, he has scored six goals. His strike partner Romelu Lukaku is also in superb form at the moment with 11 goals to his name.
Not all players are like this though and some are struggling. Milan Skriniar has struggled to adapt to the three-man defensive system whilst Cristiano Biraghi has failed to impress in general. Matteo Politano is also struggling with him not really having a place in Conte's system.
Inter have had very little luck when it comes to injuries as of late. Kwadwo Asamoah has been bothered by a niggling knee injury whilst midfielders Roberto Gagliardini, Nicolo Barella and Stefano Sensi are all dealing with injuries. Alexis Sanchez is also sidelined by injury.
Other than the injuries in the midfield, Inter have almost always managed to deploy the same team elsewhere on the park. Morale is currently high in the Inter camp and could get even higher if they are to succeed in progressing to the knockout stages of the Champions League.
The post Italian Report Looks At The Current State Of Inter appeared first on Sempreinter.
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SEEKINGBass Guitar, Keyboard, Piano, Background Singer.
Pilot In Hiatus, Looking to expand my sounds and ideas with others. Guitarist/Singer and Drummer looking for others to join us to complete Band. Alternative Indie Band.
- Screen name:
- Pilot In Hiatus
- Member since:
- Oct 26 2014
- Active within 1 month
- Level of commitment:
- Very Committed
- Years playing music:
- 30
- Gigs played:
- Over 100
- Tend to practice:
- 2-3 times per week
- Available to gig:
- 1 night a week
- Most available:
- Nights
Radio Head, Muse, Killers, Arcade Fire, Death Cab for Cutie, SilverSun Pickups. The Cure, Cage The Elephant, Interpol, american Football, MGMT, Blonde Redhead. Built to Spill. Shudder to Think. many more influences...
Fender Super sonic half Stack. Fender and Martin Guitars. Gretch Drums and Roland Drums, Roland Gia Synth and Keyboard. For Practice studio with Pro PA. Personal Recording Studio recording with Digital performer 8.
Tell Me What You've Found
Tell Me What You've Found Track number: 1 Year: 2014 Album: Pilot In Hiatus "Single" Genre: Alternative


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About eldoradoboy
Pixels and controllers
eldoradoboy replied to Heffo's topic in General LOR Questionsthere are lots of different products out there.. i run my whole show in DMX so I have a Mix of large and small controllers.. the advantage of Cosmic color pixels is that you have your pixels and cntroller in close proximity and dont have to worry about injecting DC power mid-stream into your pixels.. I use SANDEVICES controllers with pixels bought from RAY WU for my High density areas like covering the yard or roof as the per-pixel cost to go that route is much less than going with Cosmic color devices.. plus I have one power feed and one ethernet cable for 800 pixels. I use Cosmic Color Pixels on my house as its quite spread out and makes it nice with the controller right next to the lights.. -Christopher
this indeed solved it! 4,5,6 now just like the other LOR controllers.. thanks for the tip!!
CAT 5 - possible damage and controllers
eldoradoboy replied to Psjoe's topic in Cosmic Color Devicesmine are on the way too!!
Pixel upgrading
eldoradoboy replied to aesl1982's topic in General LOR Questionsanother route you can go is to buy somerthing like a Sandevices controller which outputs DMX, you connect ethernet (e1.31) to it and then you can hook 16 CCP's that controller.. (or use a 4 port board and place 4 on each e1.31 if you need localized control)... I run all of my CCP's in this manner and that way I dont have to deal with mega LOR networks.. -Christopher
super!, ill give this a shot.. that makes sense that 4 and 5 were used in the LOR protocol because thats the RJ45 standard for Most RS485 based networks.. I guess because DMX was always based on the LXR connector they stayed with 1 and 2 even in an RJ45.. and yeah im in fact running my DMX signals on 4 and 5 because I am running home-built dongles from my Sandevices controllers in DMX mode... I didnt realize the jumpers just altered the pinouts I was thinking they set terminations and signal levels so I never tried putting them back and plugging it in.. -Christopher
Controlling LOR Controllers With Madrix
eldoradoboy replied to Acguy1999's topic in The Coffee Shopthis is old but the correct way to set up regular LOR controllers in MADRIX is as igeneric 1 channel light. and then whichever universe you have defined for your LOR controllers.. (you can run more than one standard controller on a universe by increasing the unit ID of the LOR controller..) so for instance I have 32 strings of lights across the roof on 2 PC controllers.. those controllers are set at LOR ID 1 and 2, in MADRIX they are on universe "19". so I defined them as igeneric 1 channel lights and DMX addresses 19-1 through 19-32. Because MADRIX is designed as RGB software, its important to apply "RED" color to the LOR fixture map for the effect you are working... I just automatically build a red layer in any effect where my LOR controllers are .. as they only "see" red.. another thing is that in your DMX input you can set it up where you have advanced control.. then you can not only call your storage bins but you can turn on and off Layers all via the LOR sequence editor as well as use the cue list and "goto" certain steps.. the cue list is actually not that bad once you get the hang of it. I use it when I want to run a pre-defined sequence of events.. you can control the position and stop / go of the cue list remotely too... theres a definite learning curve to MADRIX but once you get into it you realize it is incredibly powerful. -Christopher
Any known issues with skipping DMX Universes ?
eldoradoboy replied to bob_moody's topic in LOR Hardware - GeneralDMX generation takes a LOT of Computing Power esp if LOR always generates full frames of DMX, it also takes quite ab it of network bandwidth if running in Multi-cast mode.. I found this out the hard way as i run a combination of LOR 4 and MADRIX software with over 20 universes of RGB.. (Sandevices and LOR CCP's).. I was running on a Core i7-3770 with 8 GB RAM, my Network is enterprise grade HP Gig-E switches (2920's) and I still had stuttering.. I switched to a machine with a core i7-5820k and 32 GB RAM and it runs smooth as can be.. I also went Unicast and found I have a lot less network issues than I previously had. in my case I use E1.31 only for remote input but went to ART-NET .. However going E1.31 Unicast will give you similar reductions in network traffic over multicast. (network traffic will be directed to each controller rather than blasted to all).. -Christopher
DMX pinouts Vary for LOR?
eldoradoboy posted a topic in LOR DMXdo the DMX pinouts vary from controller to controller? I run my whole show in DMX using CCB's and PC-controllers and all of them work flawlessly.. however I tried to wire up my RGB floods and the controller that came with them (CMB24D) and I get nothng but a flashing LED on the board. if I jumper back to LOR network I can talk to it via LOR.. I move the jumpers to the DMX position and connect it up to a known good DMX connection and flashing light.. some of the docs I read are confusing but seem like its Pinout is different in DMX from other controllers? can anyone confirm? -Christopher
CAT 5 - possible damage and controllers
eldoradoboy replied to Psjoe's topic in Cosmic Color Devicesthis is confirmed and i have a ticket open with them... in my own observations it appears my early controllers are working perfectly and the issue exists in some form of later builds.. I have some that are working.. since they dont really have "serial" numbers on them its hard to tell exactly when they were built.. I bought a bunch of them in the spring sale and a bunch of them this fall.. i didnt keep track, I simply layed them all out.. I do know which ones are my older ones as the plastic is slightly lighter green on them and none of them have failed... they are working on a fix.. I just wanted to give the OP a heads up and what to look for on the board itself in case its the same issue im experiencing -Christopher
CAT 5 - possible damage and controllers
eldoradoboy replied to Psjoe's topic in Cosmic Color DevicesI wonder if you are going through the same thing I am... my show is dark and shut diown because im currently down 5 controllers... they have discovered a flaw in some builds of the CCP / CCB controller.. . (CCB100) box... the VR (voltage regulator) chip blows... you'll notice that the green light is off now and the smell of burned electronics if you take the cover off the controller... you'll often notice that the black IC chip labelled "VR" to the lower left of the transformer is busted or has a hole in it.. to find it, hold the controller length-wise in your hand with power cord to the left and light string cords to your right. the VR is low and left of the transformer... -Christopher
CCP - Interferring with Garage Door?
eldoradoboy replied to JeffBlan's topic in Cosmic Color Deviceswonder how many people have chamberlain garage door units.. I notice this same issue as well.. (almost no range) and have heard of issues with chamberlain door openers having range issues due to interference.. seems to be the biggest isse Ive heard is with this brand of door opener... -Christopher
Dream color lights for CCR's
eldoradoboy replied to aceooooooooo's topic in Cosmic Color DevicesI use the Sandevices E682 controllers..2 of them.. Sandevices sells them in a turnkey form titled the PS1 (pixel system 1), that has a power supply, the board, connectors and such all in a weather-proof case.... you just specify which voltage power supply you want.. (those strips are 12 volt) when you buy from Ray wu site you can have him install the proper connectors on the ends of your Pixels or LED strips so that they will connect directly to the E682 controller. Sandevices also sells 8 foot extension cables that you can use as well.. with 12 volts you may be able to get longer ones.... LOR S3 Advanced supports E1.31 DMX .. which is DMX over standard ethernet. (E682 uses this type of comms) -Christopher
Slightly DIsapointed With Controller
eldoradoboy replied to Reno Tom's topic in Showtime Pro Residential (DIY/PC) Controllersin 2009 i ran 200+ channels some songs sequence to .05 seconds and didnt have any network Lag.. I made sure all my controlers hadthe SAME version of firmware and I used good quality cable.. I also ran a TRUE serial port with an RS485 adapter.. sometimes the lag can come from the PC or the USB port driving the LOR dongle.. but controller-wise 64 channels at 1/10 second should be perfectly fine on one LOR network... make sure your USB root drivers are up to date, and also the drivers for your LOR dongle. as well as i use 128k MP3 files for music... -Christopher
LOR and E1.31 from the show PC to the display
eldoradoboy replied to bob_moody's topic in E1.31 in LOR SoftwareI agree that absolute total perfect sequencing is tough in MADRIX.. but the more lights, the more pixels you put in, the less meaningful absolute precision becomes.. I learned this from doing Techno dance club lighting in the 90s.. the more lights you hung up on the ceiling, the easier it became to create stunning effects that went to the music.. no each and every light wasnt going to blink in perfect timing with a measure or such.. but as a whole the complete Motion and choreography of the system became incredible.. with 16 channels of LOR if you miss just slightly its greatly noticed by the average viewer.. with 256 channels Much less noticed.. and more the system as a whole is what brings the power and not each element perfectly on a downbeat... now lets add a few thousand RGB pixels... in MOTION to the MOTION of the music.. not necessarily a change ever ybeat or every 1/2 beat or 1/4 or 1/8 or 1/16.. a Mega tree Flowing with color, ebb, and tide reasonably close to the beat in Waves looks STUNNING... whereas a 32 channel megatree done that same way looks like someone blew the sequencing totally.. alas why I mentioned above the real pwoer of Madrix is with lots of RGB lights... Madrix does beat detection Very well, plus you can tap out an effect and then multiply or divde or BPM as you like to make it just right... Madrix DOES have a learning curve like any software.. and if all someone does is plug it in. set up all musically timed effects and play a song.. sure its going to look much looser than a person who thought out their effects and used LOR S3 to call them up.. its NOT for everyone or perhaps even MOST.. but for someone like me and many others that doesnt have 24 hrs physical time to sequence per minute of Music.. and has a display largely of RGB lights.. it Surely can make building the display fun and create MUCH enjoyment for the viewers that watch it.. which 90% of average display viewers wont notice a defect or two in a sequence.. whereas anyone who has sequenced will notice every single timing flaw... kind of a curse in a way... -Christopher
LOR and E1.31 from the show PC to the display
eldoradoboy replied to bob_moody's topic in E1.31 in LOR SoftwareMADRIX is expensive yes.. but for someone like me who the last year I did a light show in 2009 with I think 256 channels spent close to 24 hours of sequencing for each 1 minute of show-time.. I just plain didnt have that kind of time any more... what MADRIX does is allow you to create effects and overlay them onto your lights without sequencing the effect itself... example.. mega tree "spin".. takes about 10 seconds to create in MADRIX.. then you use S3 to simply call up the effect for as long as you want it. then you turn it off and call another effect... a real-time equalizer for use with Multi-channel poles, arches, or even a mega tree takes about 20 seconds.. and since it uses sound recognition you can re-use it as many times as you like on different songs. (manually sequencing an "EQ" is a real pain). random "Sparkling" from your CCR's or CCB's.. is another 30 second operation... MADRIX allows you to copy effects so you create something cool.. copy it and modify it and you have a whole new effect.. it also has its own programming Language so really anything you can dream up you can make happen on your lights... got a Big Grid? want to play video? 10 seconds... display a pic? 10 seconds.. scroll text? 10 seconds.. the only sequencing you do is telling S3 (by set intensity on a DMX channel) which effect to use. using DMX remote control of MADRIX allows you to cut to the next effect quickly.. or fade the effect in and out, or cross-fade between 2 effects.. as for Pricing, MADRIX Start version allows you 1 DMX universe of control which in a pure LOR PC, DC or 1602 controller config is over 500 channels.. and that cost is reasonable for all that it can do (less than $400). its REAL power is for users that are using MANY RGB lights.. im just getting back into animation.. but I have 1700 RGB Pixel lights.. which would be a nightmare in LOR... I plan to double that next year... for users not using many RGB lights madrix wont gain you as much but can still be leveraged nicely... Theoretically you could create a Random cue list in Madrix, create a pool of effects that are all Sound activated and have a completely automatic light show... (not going to be as nice as one with effects created for each song) but it does work.. -Christopher