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Forty-six years ago, on Aug. 28, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. stood and gave the "I Have a Dream" speech [full video below]. And even this sentence reveals one of the fundamental struggles that continues in our nation.
Black athletes have shown the way for sports activism. An interview with Harry Edwards.
Athletes have long flexed their muscles against racism, sexism, and other forms of injustice.
The Cambridge Police Department arrested Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. after Dr. Gates entered his own home and produced proof of his identity.
Within the context of just peace theory, Walter Cronkite was and remains an important figure. Truth. Respect. Security. We know the truth through the hard work of scholars doing the difficult and necessary research into the past and present to help us understand the facts of any conflict. Politicians and policy makers ought to make decisions based on a careful interpretation of the facts.
What lessons do we take away from the Jena 6 story? Six young men won't be dragging a felony conviction into adult life. That's reason for rejoicing, but as this saga approaches its third birthday, it's fair to ask if we have learned anything.
It was hard to miss me on the lava-rocked streets of Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, while I was working for a locally led organization, HEAL Africa. I lacked the grace of Congolese women who glided across the tumultuous terrain in high heels while I tripped over the ubiquitous black rocks.
Should the government get out of the marriage business?
I'll be honest. I get timid writing these kind of posts. I'm scared of being labeled an angry or bitter Asian. I'm scared of the emails that come in. I'm scared of being de-invited for speaking gigs


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He has been identified as Russhaine Wollaston, assigned to the Services Branch – Property Management and Maintenance Division.
Reports are that at around 10 pm, officers from the Duhaney Park Criminal Investigative Branch were on patrol when they received reports that a group of men were in the vicinity of Davidson Avenue behaving in a manner that aroused suspicion.
Police report that, on their arrival, the lawmen saw three men, including Wollaston, having a discussion and instructed them to put their hands on their head. However, only two of the men complied, while Wollaston refused, according to the police.
It is further reported that while the police searched the other men, DC Wollaston advanced towards one of the officers stating that he is a police.
Wollaston reportedly then held onto his waistband, prompting the officer to grab the district constable's hand. In response, Wollaston reportedly pulled a firearm from his waistband and pointed the weopon towards the cop.
A tussle reportedly ensued between both men, during which Wollaston was shot three times in the chest.
An illegal firearm was reportedly retrieved from Wollaston and he was taken to the Kingston Public Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
The Independent Commission of Investigations and the Bureau of Special Investigations were informed, and have launched an investigation into the incident.


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I'm doing things with my step dad and I cry myself to sleep all n
Ok, when I was in 8th grade I was a cheerleader. I would wake up eary in the morning to get dressed, I would leave a crack in the door Bc I would assume everyone was sleeping. My mom and my step dad had a very young baby, so I assumed they were all sleeping. That was not the case. He would wake up early and video me getting dressed in my uniform. I was 12. I found this out by reading my mom's diary one night. Actually my friend found the diary and she read it first and she said you need to read this. So I said no, that's not my business, and she said, read it and read it now with a look of terror on her face. So I read it. I then called my nanny and her girlfriend Bc she was and still is my rock. So she told my mom to come over and we all three told her we knew about what happened. She chose to stay Bc my little brother was maybe 3 months old. At 19 I had an extremely horrible addiction problem, and the thing that saved me was my son. I had him at 27 and I got on subtext and I haven't had pain pills in almost 7 years. Now with that being said.... I also like Xanax, but I would never not get out of bed to go to work if I didn't have Xanax. But I did love still do love Xanax. I quit taking Xanax for about 2 years once I quit taking the pills then I would take them like once a month and then against my step dad would realize that I was flirty maybe always remember anything and there's so many times that I was so messed up like I fell asleep on the toilet that he had to pick me up and put me back in my room and I have no idea what he actually did to me at that point. But let me get to the point. Okay so he goes to the doctor and get a script of Xanax .5 milligram which is the footballs that I love, and now he is wanting favors for the pills and I'm too weak to not say no and it is killing me inside I cry myself to sleep every night because of this.
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Hot!! Can you give details of all the dirty things he makes you do???
Shut up
Just curious how far she will go for a few pills.
He's got to H***
^^^^^ going
What favors does he want for the pills? You have to make a choice do you want to keep doing those things with him for pills or not. Get yourself in rehab, get clean , Xanax is widely abused , there are many places that have treatments for its addiction. Its all up to you you can continue to be his w**** for pills or get yourself clean , and move on with your life putting all this behind you.


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Planning and Activities
Day 1 Teaching
Draw faces on a bus on a w/b. Model how we subtract by counting back when 1 or 2 get off the bus. There are 7 on the bus and 2 get off. 7, 6, 5. We count back 2. Record 7 – 2 = 5. Repeat.
Group activities
-- Work out how many dogs are left in the rescue centre and how many people are left on the bus.
Day 2 Teaching
Show 5 red & 5 yellow pegs on a hanger. How many pegs? Children put up 10 fingers. Remove 1 peg. Children fold 1 finger. How many are left? What number sentence can we write? Repeat.
Group activities
Use the 'Spot the Difference' in-depth problem-solving investigation below as today's group activity.
Or use these activities:
-- Make a tower of cubes and take away the number on the dice. Record the number sentence.
Day 3 Teaching
Show 5 beads on a 20-bead bar. Count on 2, saying 6, 7 as you slide beads. Children mimic on fingers. Record 5 + 2 = 7. How many if we take 2 beads away? Put the 2 beads back. Children fold 2 fingers. We are back where we started!
Group activities
-- Work out how much money is left when a child spends some and then earns some back.
-- Explore the relationship between adding and subtracting.
Day 4 Teaching
Count 5 cubes into a tin and ask how many. Drop another cube in. And now? Repeat. And now? Record addition. Take out 2 cubes, 1 by 1. How many now? Record subtraction. Repeat.
Group activities
Use the 'Spot the Difference' in-depth problem-solving investigation below as today's group activity.
Or use these activities:
-- Game with towers of cubes. Taking away and adding numbers to see who can reach 10 or 0 cubes the first!
Day 5 Teaching
Show a word problem about dogs in a rescue centre. Model how to solve this using fingers or cubes. Write a matching calculation and repeat with other stories.
Group activities
-- Practical number stories using equipment to work them out and creating leaf posters to show the number sentences.


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Are You Punished for Your Sins?
Confidence in Christ
God is just: He will pay back trouble to those who trouble you and give relief to you who are troubled, and to us as well. This will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with his powerful angels. (2 Thessalonians 1: 6, 7)
Do you feel sometimes as if you are being punished for your sins? People say, "God must be punishing me for something I have done wrong. I am paying for my sins."
As we live our lives in the world, we may suffer persecution for our faith. People might scoff at us and ridicule us for believing in Jesus. People may turn away from us or ignore us because they know we are Christians. Upholding the truth of God's Word in our world today has become a daunting task. Ask the Christian shop owner how much ridicule he has faced lately from those who do not believe in God.
You are not being punished for sins. God punished his Son Jesus for all the sins of the world. "He was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed." (Isaiah 53: 5)
We can now be Confident in Christ. Paul writes, He [God] will pay back trouble to those who trouble you and give relief to you who are troubled, and to us as well." God will send his terrible judgment on those who persecuted us believers. Our persecutors will not be saved. We believers will rejoice in glory.
We look forward with believing hearts to Judgment Day, to the day "when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with his powerful angels." Earthly suffering and persecution will disappear. We will be in heaven with Jesus, our Lord and Savior. Our Confidence in Christ will be rewarded.
Prayer: Dear Jesus, we rejoice with believing hearts. At Judgment Day, you assure us of a place in glory with you. Thank you for the forgiveness of our sins and the promise of eternal life. "Forever with the Lord! Amen! So let it be. Life from the dead is in that word, My immortality." [Christian Worship hymnal, #213, v. 1] Amen.


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How To Write A Captivating Othello Essay
An Othello Essay could be a review of the play's characters, commentary, dialogues, or some of the famous quotes. The intention should be a critical appreciation of a very popular piece of literature that has enchanted people across the world with its theme and characters. You can summarize the five acts of the play. This would ensure you are well versed with the characters and plot to write a good review. Here are some ways you can go about it.
Read the book or notes on Othello. There is no short cut available before writing a review of the play. There is a good chance that when you have read it once, you would love to read it over and over.
Make notes after you have read it the first time. Write a detailed description of each act in your own words that you could refer to later as an abstract. The idea here is you would find the play using archaic English, especially for quotes. This would make a review difficult if you did not grasp the meaning in total or how to link one act to the other.
The play has been so popular that you would definitely find a movie on it to help you understand the play. There are several themes that can be exploited when you write a review. Similar to a Romeo and Juliet essay or a Hamlet essay, the Othello essay also can reviewed on the emotions of love, betrayal, and the ethnic fabric of society at the time.
Shakespeare has created powerful characters in the play that can stir emotions. It will force you to think of ways and means to comment on the various chapters. How each emotion is blended into the characters and how it evolves into betrayal and greed for power could provide you with the topic you need to elaborate on this aspect. When you read it, ideas will takes shape in your mind.
The quotes from the play have captivated the minds of many. Their rendition has brought accolades to those who could bring out the essence and feeling in those quotes. These are time-tested favorites of Shakespeare lovers. You could review each character in connection to those quotes. Explain what motivates those characters. This has to be in the backdrop of the time and period the play was enacted.
A descriptive essay can also be custom essays you wish to write. To do this you would need help from reviews you feel has set the play apart from others. So you find those reviews and make a balanced decision of how to use the views in your essay. Get information from the internet. Look for lectures of famous people who have reviewed the play earlier. This would put you on the right track.
Some of the topics you could use would be an analysis of the tragedy, comic relief in Othello, the images that were created to depict war and peace in the play, analysis of the characters, and The Venetian society backdrop that defined what was good or bad according to social beliefs that existed at the time.
The essay outline should follow the pattern that is standard and universal in a drama essay. You need not experiment here. Just focus on your review of the topic you have chosen, and you would have written a captivating Othello essay.
This post originally appeared on http://paramountessays.com/blog/essay/othello-essay


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Soul Witness
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One of the very purposes of social contract theory, then, is to keep hidden from view the true political reality - some persons will be accorded the rights and freedoms of full persons, and the rest will be treated as sub-persons. Hansen said the global temperature would rise by another 2 to 4 degrees in the following decade.
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776 F.2d 678 (7th Cir. 1985), 84-1639, United States v. Keplinger
|Docket Nº:
|776 F.2d 678
|Party Name:
|UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Moreno L. KEPLINGER, Paul L. Wright, and James B. Plank, Defendants-Appellants.
|Case Date:
|October 29, 1985
|United States Courts of Appeals, Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
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Argued April 25, 1985.
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Thomas D. Decker, Thomas D. Decker & Assoc., Harvey M. Silets, Silets & Martin, Chicago, Ill., for defendants-appellants.
Michael J. Shepard, Asst. U.S. Atty., Anton J. Valukas, U.S. Atty., Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before CUMMINGS, Chief Judge, CUDAHY, Circuit Judge, and GRAY, Senior District Judge. [*]
CUDAHY, Circuit Judge.
This criminal litigation involves laboratory studies, using rats as subjects, undertaken to determine the safety of certain products for human use. Alleged falsification of data and irregular procedures created doubts about the validity of the reported study conclusions. After a trial that lasted six months and produced more than 17,000 pages of transcript, several defendants associated with the laboratory were convicted of various counts of mail fraud, wire fraud and making false statements, although there were also acquittals on some of the counts charged. Over-length briefs totaling more than 500 pages were then added to this already voluminous mass of record material. 1 The defendants appeal, claiming insufficiency of the evidence, and a multitude of trial errors. We affirm.
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc. ("IBT") is a contract research laboratory which conducts animal toxicity studies of various drugs, pesticides and chemicals for manufacturers in order to determine their safety and effectiveness. Defendant Moreno
Page 684
Keplinger was IBT's Manager of Toxicology. Paul Wright was Section Head of Rat and Dog Toxicology at IBT until October 1972, at which time he left IBT to become Manager of Toxicology for Monsanto Corporation and served as liaison to IBT. James Plank served as IBT's Group Leader of the Rat and Dog Toxicology Department and was later Assistant to Keplinger.
The defendants here were convicted of various counts involving fraud and false statements in connection with two studies run by IBT. 2 The first animal toxicity study was performed for Monsanto Corporation ("Monsanto") and concerned Trichlorocarbanilide ("TCC"), an ingredient in deodorant soaps. Defendants participated in preparing three allegedly fraudulent written documents, which came out of this research: (1) a final study report submitted by IBT to Monsanto and then by Monsanto to the FDA; (2) a written explanation to the FDA from IBT answering questions about the TCC final report; (3) and an early version (the first draft) of the final report, which was submitted to Monsanto with an explanation of the TCC study. The alleged fraud involved suppression of relevant information or falsification of data in the following categories: a) underreported mortality of research animals and commingling of original and later-started research animals; b) omission of histopathological data on research animals; c) omission of data on post-mortem examination of animals; d) failure to report the original opinion of a Dr. Gordon that TCC had a significant effect on research animals at the lowest dose level; e) failure to disclose a pathology report by a Dr. Ribelin with respect to the effect of TCC on the epididymis of research animals.
The second study involving allegations of mail fraud was performed by IBT on Naprosyn, an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of arthritis. The alleged fraud here involved a report sent to Syntex Corporation ("Syntex") including blood and urine data and an Appendix II relating to gross pathology. The blood and urine data was allegedly wholly fabricated and Appendix II was allegedly falsified. A written explanation of the Naprosyn report submitted to the FDA also allegedly contained false statements.
I. Sufficiency of the Evidence
In reviewing a conviction, "the factfinder's role as weigher of the evidence is preserved through a legal conclusion that upon judicial review all of the evidence is to be considered in the light most favorable to the prosecution." Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (footnote omitted) (emphasis in original). Therefore, the decision facing this court is "whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. (emphasis in original). Only when the record contains no evidence, regardless of how it is weighed, from which a jury could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt may an appellate court overturn a verdict. E.g., United States v. Brown, 739 F.2d 1136, 1149 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 331, 83 L.Ed.2d 268 (1984). In applying this standard, the court must leave to the jury the weighing of the evidence, the drawing of reasonable inferences and determinations of credibility.
Trichlorocarbanilide (TCC)
We first examine the issue of underreporting of rat mortality in the TCC study. Accurate mortality data is important because it provides evidence of a substance's impact on test animals and also because it can provide evidence of environmental problems which might compromise the validity of a study. Apparently, the TCC
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study was plagued from the outset by a high death rate, which, the government contended, defendants attempted to conceal.
The government's proof that the mortality rate was falsified included evidence that the first draft of the TCC report and the version eventually forwarded to the FDA reported different mortality data for the same period of time. Another IBT document, an interim status report, contained still another set of mortality data for the same time period. The mortality shown in all of the documents made the subject of the charges in the indictment is lower than that shown in internal IBT documents from which mortality can be calculated. Further, laboratory technician Smith testified that during the first six months of the TCC study, he specifically observed animal deaths which were not accurately recorded. Laboratory technician Penner also testified that he observed deaths which were not reported during the same time period. Particularly when buttressed with contradictions in other data, these facts provide sufficient basis for the jury to find that the mortality data was false.
The defendants argue that these facts do not provide adequate proof of fraud and that the government must prove the true rate of animal mortality in order to establish that the mortality figures in the TCC final report are false. Defendants argue that there was no testimony which established that the data "substantially underreported" mortality. They contend that the testimony of technicians Smith and Penner did not specifically tie the mortality rate in the problematic animal watering room (the "AWR") to the TCC study and that the witnesses' recollections of deaths were speculative. Defendants attempt to discount the contradictions in the data reported in the first draft, an interim status report and the version supplied to the FDA by focusing on the mortality rate over the entire course of the study, suggesting that there was no substantial intentional underreporting.
The government contends that it does not have to prove the true rate of mortality, but rather only that the reported mortality rate was too low and the defendants' reports must have been false. Holdings in similar cases support the government's position that there is no need to show the "true" figures. See, e.g., Coil v. United States, 343 F.2d 573, 576 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 821, 86 S.Ct. 48, 15 L.Ed.2d 67 (1965). And defendants cite no authority for their proposition that the government must prove the real rate of mortality. The very nature of the allegations suggests the inherent impossibility of showing the "true" rate of mortality, since the accurate underlying data was never recorded. Smith and Penner, who worked on the TCC study, testified that they observed more deaths than were listed in the reports. In challenging the testimony given by Smith and Penner by characterizing it as recollection, impression and speculation, defendants attempt to reweigh credibility determinations that were properly left to the jury. We think that these technicians' testimony supports the inference that the mortality data supplied by the defendants was falsified, even if these witnesses cannot establish the true mortality rate. If totals for some periods were false (6 and 12 month status reports showing no deaths), then the tables including this data are necessarily false, at least in part. At the conclusion of the TCC study, the report included mortality data that was different from the 6 and 12 month status reports. The final report, submitted to the FDA, had still another set of mortality data. All three of these sets of data substantially underreported mortality. This evidence adequately supports a jury determination that the mortality data supplied by the defendants were false.
The high mortality of rats in the TCC study presented concerns going beyond the alleged underreporting of mortality data, however. If an insufficient number of rats survived to the end of the study, IBT would be unable to make any valid evaluation of the safety of the tested substances. Given the unusually high mortality
Page 686
rate, the government charged, defendants therefore chose to commingle with existing research animals new animals which had not been fed the...
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Today in European history: the Crusade of Nicopolis (1396)
|Derek Davison
|Sep 25, 2019
| 2
Our "Today in History" posts are always free, but if you want to support the newsletter and get the full Foreign Exchanges experience you know what you have to do:
Although we think of "the Crusades" as the series of major Christian military expeditions in the Middle East (and North Africa, and Greece that one time) that took place in the 11th-13th centuries, the Crusading movement actually encompassed much more than that. The Reconquista in Iberia was, for a time, treated as a Crusade, for example. There was the "Alexandrian Crusade" of 1365, which brought Christian fighters back to the Middle East to sack the city of Alexandria and, uh, that's it. Crusades didn't necessarily have to involve Muslims. The Albigensian Crusade in the early 13th century targeted the Cathars, considered heretics by the Church, and the Northern Crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries targeted the last pagan populations in Europe (mostly in the Baltics and Finland). There were also "Crusades" that were called to defend Christendom from Muslim—usually Ottoman—invasion. The 1396 Crusade of Nicopolis (which is often called the "Battle of Nicopolis" since the enterprise collapsed after just the one engagement), was one such effort.
The Battle of Nicopolis, by 15th century French miniaturist Jean Colombe (Wikimedia Commons)
For roughly two centuries from the late 1100s through 1396 (not long after this battle, in fact), the Balkans, the Danube Basin, and the western Black Sea coastal region were mostly controlled by the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Second Bulgarian Empire was more or less a revival of the First Bulgarian Empire (6th-11th centuries), after an interlude (1018-1185) during which those areas were controlled by the Byzantine Empire. The Bulgarians were under heavy pressure by the late 14th century from a relatively new player on the Balkan scene: the Ottomans.
The Second Bulgarian Empire at its 13th century peak (Wikimedia Commons)
The 1389 Battle of Kosovo reduced Serbia to the status of an Ottoman vassal and thereby secured Ottoman control over most of the Balkans. The Ottomans captured the fortress of Nicopolis (modern Nikopol, a town in Bulgaria) in 1393, which positioned them right in the heart of the Bulgarian Empire, and Bulgarian nobles appealed to the King of Hungary, Sigismund (d. 1437), for relief. Hungary and the Venetian territories along the Adriatic coast were next in line to be run over by the expanding Ottomans, so Sigismund worked quickly to try to counter their advance. This was still very early in Ottoman history, so I suspect the Europeans saw them more as an onrushing horde—something akin to the Mongols, who were still recent enough to be remembered—than as the stable empire they eventually became.
As a preeminent Catholic monarch, Sigismund had the 14th century version of a direct telephone line to the Vatican. He used it to persuade Pope Boniface IX (d. 1404) to declare a crusade the following year, in 1394. I should note that this was smack in the middle of that whole unfortunate Western Schism affair, so there was actually another pope running around at Avignon and Boniface's authority over the Church was in dispute. But everybody seems to have understood how serious the Ottoman threat was, and soldiers from all over Europe—the Holy Roman Empire (which Sigismund would later rule, incidentally), France, Venice, Genoa, and more—heeded Boniface's call and flocked to Sigismund's banner. The Ottomans, meanwhile, were ruled by Sultan Bayezid I (d. 1403), who was known as Yıldırım, or "Lightning," and not because he loved a good thunderstorm. Bayezid knew how to fight and he was quite successful in all of his campaigns (until the very last one, which was a total disaster, but we'll get to that). He was joined by his Serbian vassals under Stefan Lazarević (d. 1427), the very capable general whom he'd set in charge of Serbia after Kosovo.
There are diverging accounts of the sizes of the two armies. Contemporary Christian sources, no doubt trying to explain the Ottoman victory, said that there were only about 16,000 Crusaders facing over 200,000 Ottoman soldiers. And, you know, why stop at 200,000? Why not a billion? The latter is only marginally more implausible than the former for the nascent Ottoman state. Ottoman sources, probably trying to oversell their victory, said that about 60,000 Ottoman soldiers faced a Crusader army twice their size. Yeah, no. Historians generally believe that the early Christian accounts probably got the size of the Crusader army about right, and that the Ottoman army was either roughly comparable or, if it did out number the Christians, it was by no more than 10,000 men. The Crusader army was the usual mix of upper class knights with lower class archers and infantry, but the Ottoman army was a little different than we're used to seeing on this blog, in that the Janissary Corps wasn't yet in existence and the Ottomans weren't yet using firearms. This army would have been mostly levies and raiders on horseback, probably a mix of heavy cavalry and light cavalry/horse archers, joined by the Serbian heavy cavalry under Lazarević.
The Crusaders assembled at Buda (which hadn't yet merged with the city of Pest on the other side of the Danube). Their chances of victory were immediately doomed by the same things that usually wound up dooming Crusaders: infighting among the commanders and an uncanny ability to choose the worst possible course of action at any given time. Sigismund argued that the Crusader army should let the Ottomans come to them. But the French forces were the largest involved in the Crusade, and their de facto leader, Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397), insisted that the army should be bold and dashing (feel free to roll your eyes here) by taking the offensive and marching east, first to push the Ottomans out of the Danube region and then to continue on southeast to aid the beleaguered Byzantines. Obviously we can't know if Sigismund's defensive strategy would have been more successful, but my point here is that it couldn't really have been any less successful that Coucy's plan, which was, par for the Crusader course, the one their war council adopted.
On September 12, the Crusaders arrived at Nicopolis and resolved to take the fortress. How they planned on doing this is anybody's guess, because they didn't actually have any siege machinery (which in hindsight is a point in favor of Sigismund's defensive idea). They apparently figured they had enough time to starve the garrison out. They were wrong, to put it mildly. After less than two weeks, long enough to let the Crusader army settle down and get bored but not nearly long enough to starve out the defenders, word came that Bayezid's army was approaching.
Sigismund, who had some familiarity with the way the Ottomans fought from talking with other Christian lords in the region, proposed that the army set up with its infantry in the front to deal with the Ottoman vanguard, which was usually composed of the worst Ottoman soldiers and was purely meant to hold the enemy's attention while the much better mounted forces were free to move around, go for a flanking/enveloping maneuver, strike at the enemy's weak spots, that kind of thing. But the French commanders butted in again, insisting that noble knights (resume eye rolling) couldn't possibly take second position behind a bunch of peasant infantry or whatever, and so it was the knights who were stationed at the front of the line.
When word came that Bayezid was nearby, Sigismund requested that the army stay put until his scouts could fully reconnoiter the Ottoman lines and report back, but again the French objected. This time it was a young French noble named Philip of Artois (d. 1397), who insisted that Sigismund was trying to deprive the brave French knights of their honor by delaying the advance. Though even Coucy thought that this was ridiculous, Philippe's determination to march off immediately meant that the rest of the army could either follow him and stay together or let him go and watch part of their already-too-small force get annihilated. They decided to stick together.
The French then led the rest of the army to its final set of blunders. Although accounts aren't in total agreement on the details of the battle, they appear to have encountered the Ottoman vanguard as it was coming down a hill outside of Nicopolis, meaning that the mounted French knights were trying to charge uphill. As you might imagine, the charge was painfully slow, but even so the French knights were able to drive the irregular Turkish infantry off. Coucy now ordered his line to reform before proceeding, but the younger French nobles like Philippe effectively told him to get bent and continued charging up the hill piecemeal. By this point, to be honest, it wasn't much of a cavalry charge anymore, since many of the horses had crapped out and a lot of the knights were on foot. Unfortunately for their chances at battlefield glory, they ran smack into the totally rested Ottoman cavalry, which routed the French line and captured many nobles, including the French army's de jure leader, the very young John of Nevers (d. 1419).
(When I say he was the army's de jure leader, what I mean is that John was the highest-ranking noble in the French contingent but was supposed to defer to the far more experienced Coucy when it came to making decisions.)
The Hungarians and other allied forces who were coming in behind the French must have felt like charging at the fleeing Frenchmen out of sheer anger, but they were too busy dealing with the Ottoman cavalry, which was not only charging down the hill but had availed itself of the confusion to flank and envelop the rest of the Crusader army. The final hammer came from the Serbian knights under Lazarević, whose cavalry charge turned the Crusader defeat into a rout. Sigismund was able to get to the Danube and escape on a boat to the Venetian ships that were stationed on the river. Many others tried to swim to those Venetian ships in full armor and drowned (I'm honestly not sure what they thought would happen when they dove into the river wearing ~80 or so pounds of armor). Whatever was left of the army surrendered.
Nicopolis signaled the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire (there wouldn't be a third)—the Ottomans subsequently marched on the Bulgarian capital, Vidin, and captured the last Bulgarian tsar, Ivan Sratsimir. He later died in captivity. Bayezid got a fat ransom from King Charles VI of France for the return of all those captured nobles (Coucy and Philippe of Artois were not among them, as they died in captivity), plus firm control over the Balkans. Things were looking up for the growing empire, until in 1402 Bayezid made the grave mistake of heading east to respond to the challenge of some wanna-be Mongolian warlord named Timur. The whupping that Timur laid on the Ottomans at Ankara, and Bayezid's own death in captivity, sent the young empire into a decade-long tailspin, during which time it lost most of its territorial gains in Europe. Needless to say, they'd be back.
| 2


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Christopher Woolard, an executive board member at the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), recently spoke at an event in London where he mentioned that the organization has concerns that retail investors are being sold crypto products that are very risky and extremely volatile, with a lot of "underlying market integrity issues".
"The FCA will consult on a prohibition of the sale to retail consumers of derivatives referencing certain types of crypto assets (for example, exchange tokens), including contracts-for-difference, options, futures and transferable securities."
The FCA also plans, by the end of the year, to consult on which crypto assets fall within their regulatory framework and which don't. A secondary consultation will then determine whether or not the agency needs a broader regulatory remit.
Woolard also said that the U.K. treasury will make substantial efforts to deal with the use of crypto assets in financial crimes as they plan to fully meet and even go beyond the requirements of the fifth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive (5AMLD).
"On this, [the Treasury] will first consult and then legislate on how to transpose 5AMLD and broaden the scope of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulation further."
The executive director also said that the FCA's Cryptoassets Taskforce is making the Treasury plan a further study if and if any regulation can "meaningfully and effectively" address the risks cryptocurrencies pose.
"[The Treasury] will consult in early 2019 on whether and how exchange tokens, as well as related actors such as exchanges and wallet providers, could be regulated effectively."
Woolard concluded his speech by inviting international counterparts to collaborate with them in order to best address this issue.


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Central England Co-operative opens new Doncaster store
Central England Co-op has officially opened its new store in Doncaster creating 14 new jobs and investing over £1.2 million in the local community.
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UK retail software vendor, itim, which supplies point-of-sale, order management, merchandising and supply chain solutions to retailers such as Debenhams, Sainsbury's and The Entertainer, has launched a new digital loyalty and gift card app. The solution is already live at
China presents a massive growth opportunity for British businesses but they must understand the Chinese consumer, adopt a mobile first strategy and move fast, all of the time.
According to Amazon, last year's Cyber Monday was the biggest shopping day event in history. It was part of a record-breaking holiday season that included Thanksgiving, Black Friday, and the weekend, i.e., the "Cyber Five."
Pricesearcher.com the UK's largest product shopper site surveyed 1,000 UK adults regarding Black Friday with startling revelations and mismatches between customer and retailer expectations.
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Although the UK's high street betting shops have suffered a period of sharp decline, it seems that online gambling is gaining an ever more sizeable share of the market. Earlier this May we saw the UK Gambling Commission release its
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It's 100 days to Christmas on 16 September and Santa's sack is already filling up as 24% of Brits – equating to 13 million across the UK have started their festive shopping for 2019 according to research from American Express.
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There's a growing duality in today's consumer reality. Average shoppers probably have but vague memories of a time before they bought anything online, yet they still haven't avoided the brick-and-mortar stores altogether: E-commerce sales from 2018 reached 18% of total


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United States District Court, D. Massachusetts
October 30, 2019
JOSEPH WOLSKI and CHRISTINA WOLSKI, Plaintiffs,v.GARDNER POLICE DEPARTMENT, MASSACHUSETTS STATE POLICE DEPARTMENT, ERIC MCAVENE, DANIAL WILDGRUBE, MICHAEL TRAVERS, MATTHEW PRESCOTT, Defendants.
and Christina Wolski (collectively, "the Wolskis")
filed a complaint in this Court against individual officers
of the Gardner City Police Department (the "Gardner
Police") and the Massachusetts State Police Department
(the "State Police"), as well as against the
agencies themselves. See Verified Compl. Jury Demand
("Original Compl."), ECF No. 1.; First Am. Verified
Compl. Jury Demand ("Am. Compl."), ECF No. 30. The
Wolskis alleged that the State Police are liable under
section 2 of the Massachusetts Tort Claims Act (chapter 258
of the Massachusetts General Laws) for "fail[ing] to
adequately [train or] supervise their respective
employees" who then committed intentional torts against
the Wolskis (count III). Id. ¶¶ 43-44,
48-49. The State Police also construe the Wolskis'
amended complaint as alleging an intentional infliction of
emotional distress claim against them (count V). See
Mem. Law Supp. Def. Mass. State Police Dep't Mot. Dismiss
Pis.' First Am. Verified Compl. ("Mem.
Dismiss'') 3 n.l, ECF No. 32.
State Police seek dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) of all claims against them,
arguing that they enjoy sovereign immunity and, moreover,
that the Wolskis have failed to state actionable claims.
See id. at 1-2. For the following reasons, the Court
GRANTS the State Police's motion to dismiss for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction, ECF No. 31. Accordingly, the
Court does not reach the State Police's arguments about
whether the Wolski's amended complaint states an
actionable claim.
Factual Allegations
plaintiff, Joseph Wolski ("Officer Wolski"), was at
all relevant times "a police officer employed by the . .
. [Gardner Police]." Am. Compl. ¶ 9. On August 3,
2016, while "on duty and on patrol," Officer Wolski
received a call from his co-worker, the defendant Eric
McAvene ("Lieutenant McAvene"), [1] telling him
"to return to the [Gardner Police] station for an urgent
meeting." Id. ¶ 10. When he arrived at the
station, the Lieutenant McAvene and defendants Daniel
Wildgrube ("Trooper Wildgrube"), Michael Travers
("Trooper Travers"), and Matthew Prescott
("Trooper Prescott") (collectively, the
"Trooper Defendants") met Officer
Wolski.[2] Id. ¶ 13. They
"escorted Officer Wolski . . . into a windowless back
room typically used for briefing officers prior to conducting
raids (the 'briefing room')." Id.
¶ 14. Lieutenant McAvene represented to Officer Wolski
that defense counsel for a suspect in a homicide
investigation on which Officer Wolski worked had subpoenaed
the Gardner Police for all "investigation-related
communications." Id. ¶¶ 11-12, 16
(emphasis deleted). Though the individually named officer
defendants never showed Officer Wolski the subpoena,
id. ¶ 17, Lieutenant McAvene said that the
subpoena requested the cellphone records of the officers
involved in the investigation, including Officer
Wolski's, id. ¶¶ 11-12, 16. The
Wolskis allege, "[u]pon information and belief, [that]
the subpoena does not exist and never did." Id.
¶ 18.
the pretext of the subpoena, "[Lieutenant] McAvene . . .
ordered [Officer] Wolski to turn over his personal, private
cellular phone to [the Trooper Defendants], and permit the
troopers to perform a Mata dump'. . . for the purpose of
collecting investigation-related communications from [his] .
. . cell phone." Id. ¶ 19 (emphasis
deleted). Officer Wolski initially objected to the order
because he maintained that his personal phone did not contain
work-related communications. Id. ¶ 20.
Lieutenant McAvene repeated the order. Id. ¶
Due to the defendant officers' representation that the
[Gardner Police] officers involved in the aforementioned
murder investigation were all under lawful subpoena, Officer
Wolski reluctantly surrendered his personal cellphone to the
defendant officers on the express condition that under no
circumstances was [Officer] Wolski's personal and private
media contained on the cell phone to be viewed, downloaded,
copied, duplicated, transmitted or otherwise misappropriated
or disseminated, and was to remain undisturbed and absolutely
Id. ¶ 22 (emphasis deleted).
Officer Wolski that they "were not collecting any of his
personal private data," id. ¶ 23,
"the defendant officers took [his] cell phone into an
adjacent room and shut the door," id. ¶
24. They re-emerged "[a]fter approximately 30-40 minutes
. . . and demanded that Officer Wolski disclose to them his
personal and private 'Apple I.D. and password.'"
Id. ¶ 25. Officer Wolski initially objected,
but eventually provided the defendant officers his Apple I.D.
and password after they reassured him that they were only
looking for investigation-related communications.
Id. ¶ 28. Within a few weeks of this encounter,
the Wolskis "discovered (through multiple independent
and credible sources) that their personal private media had
been converted by the defendants and widely disseminated
throughout the ranks of the Gardner Police Department and the
[State Police]."[3] Id. ¶ 30. The private media
obtained from Officer Wolski's cell phone included video
and still images of Officer Wolski and Mrs. Wolski
"while being intimate." Id. ¶ 22 n.5.
Procedural History
December 21, 2018, the Wolskis filed a complaint in this
Court against individual the Gardner Police and State Police
officers, as well as against the agencies themselves.
Original Compl. On April 18, 2019, the State Police moved to
dismiss the claims against it under Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6). Def. Mass. State Police
Dep't Mot. Dismiss ("Original Mot. Dismiss"),
ECF No. 19.
the permission of the Court, the Wolskis filed an amended
complaint on May 9, 2019, see Pis.' Mot. Leave
Am. Compl. ("Motion to Amend"), ECF No. 13;
Electronic Order, ECF No. 29; Am. Compl., which mooted the
State Police's original motion to dismiss, Electronic
Order, ECF No. 35. In their amended complaint the Wolskis
advance the same claims as they did in their original
complaint. See Motion to Amend ("Plaintiffs do
not seek to change the substance of the original Complaint
nor do they seek to add, subtract, or amend the five (5)
causes of action asserted in the original Complaint.").
They allege claims against the individually named officers
under Massachusetts law and under sections 1983 and 1985 of
the Civil Rights Act (found in title 42 of the United States
Code). Am. Compl. ¶¶ 31-41, 56-59. They bring
claims under Massachusetts law for negligent training and
supervision (count III) and intentional infliction of
emotional distress (count V) against the State
Police.[4] Id. ¶¶ 42-49, 56-59.
The State Police renewed its motion to dismiss on May 10,
2019. See Def. Mass. State Police Dep't Mot.
Dismiss Pis.' First Am. Verified Compl., ECF No. 31; Mem.
Law Supp. Def.'s Mot. Dismiss Pis.' First Am.
Verified Compl. ("Renewed Dismiss Mem."), ECF No.
Wolskis did not submit an opposition to the renewed motion to
dismiss before the motion session on July 30, 2019. During
that hearing, the Wolskis' counsel requested a
continuance, Emergency Mot. Continue Hr'g Def. Mass.
State Police Dep't Mot. Dismiss, ECF No. 51; Electronic
Clerk's Notes, ECF No. 50, and the Court allowed the
Wolskis to file a written opposition within 30 days.
Id. The Wolskis' lawyer filed an opposition to
the renewed motion to dismiss with an accompanying memorandum
on August 13, 2019. Pis.' Mot. Opp. Def. Mass. State
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Last Day On Earth
During this post, I explain how everyday living began in the world, how anything is alive to some extent and it relies upon how you draw the line relating to what you start thinking about alive and that which you reflect on dead matter. All daily life began on earth simultaneously, awakening from a desire state after billions of ages existing as desire treaders inside of a dream community accompanied by a aspiration atmosphere. All earthly everyday living began spontaneously by having a diving illumination obtaining practically nothing to try and do with your idea of religion.
Scarce earth magnets are made of alloys belonging towards lanthanide team of parts. Samarium (Sm) and Neodymium (Nd) are two with the most widespread Lanthanide aspects put into use inside the generation of exceptional earth magnets. Lanthanide aspects are ferromagnetic metals.
Earth Antivirus is known as a rogue antivirus application that aims to convince the people to purchase its full demo variation. It displays plenty of fake messages that distract the buyers. So you will find a very good have to remove Earth AV so as to avoid ant scheme malfunctioning. For this you can use Anti Spyware computer software. This is certainly linked to last day on earth guide.
Related to last day on earth guide, In this particular limited brief article I define rare earth agencies about to initiate output exterior of China. The inevitable outcome is that China's exceptional earth monopoly will arrive at an conclusion.
The idea that key healthy sources would probably some working day be exhausted is not a fresh a particular, but is has risen in prominence yet again recently due to current actions because of the Chinese. The means of notice typically are not oil or any other fuels. Rather, China is restricting export of certain minerals termed "rare earth minerals" that happen to be implemented during the manufacturing of high-tech items.
The planet is within dear will need a change, how will you turn it into a better place? Individuals have suggested many solutions and they're yet to create an effect. The reality remains the real cause from the problems is not addressed. This short article is aimed at addressing this.


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One of my favourites is The 30 Day Coloring Challenge organised by Kathy Racoosin aka The Daily Marker.
In very short words: everyday a little " me time" to spend on your colouring/craft.
That's it!
You can do what you want, when you want, as long as you want and if you only want to look at the beautiful things everyone makes and leave a little love in the comments then it's also oké.
You can read all about it on The Daily Marker website. Click on the logo above to go there.
I will participate again this year, just because I love it and learn a lot on the way from Kathy.
I hope you all join in and have fun.


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Michael Elizabeth Sakas / CPR News
Gitanjali Rao is already on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list and she has not yet reached high school.
In 2017, the then 11-year-old from Lone Tree, Colo. He was named the youngest scientist in America to design a small, mobile device that tests lead in drinking water. Rao did not stop there. Now it gets help from scientists in the water sector to create a working prototype of the device that can ultimately be on the market. Rao's invention is called Tethys, since the Greek goddess Titan is pure water. The 3D-Printed Box is the size of a deck of cards and contains battery, bluetooth and carbon nanotubes. Rao got the idea after reading how such a technology could detect dangerous gas in the air. Its immediate reaction was "why not use carbon nanotube sensors to detect lead in water?" The Flint water crisis is the motivation behind the invention.
Rao remembers watching his parents trying to test their drinking water with a test strip set at home. The results seemed inconclusive and unreliable. The other option was to send a sample of water to a laboratory.
"[Tethys] is for people who do not really know what's in the water from the pipes leading to their house." My target market is currently people in their homes as well as in schools, "said Rao.
Here's how it works: Carbon atoms connect in beehive and connect to create a tube – a nanotube. Carbon nanotubes respond to changes in electron flow. If there is water in the water, the lead sticks to the carbon ions, creating resistance. Tethys measures this resistance and sends the data to the application of a smartphone to give the status of lead in water. Selene Hernandez-Ruiz, Denver Water Laboratory Manager, teamed up with Rao to test and improve their device. They started working together after Rao was invited to take a tour of Denver Water's facilities.
Michael Elizabeth Sakas
Hernandez-Ruiz told Rao he could come back if he wanted to use the lab. The 13-year-old was hooked, "I asked, can I come here every day?"
Hernandez-Ruis and Rao gather around once a month to work on the device and test its results. "At the moment, I'm looking at interfering with other chemicals in the water, except for lead," Rao said. – What if you accidentally bind to fluoride [the carbon]? So that's something I'm trying to stop.
Hernandez-Ruis is excited to help a young woman's color create a passion for science.
"We are so hoping to see the present and next generation do it," she said. "With a real desire to excel and test these limits, sometimes we are told we should not get closer."
Rao is grateful for the opportunity Denver Wat gave her to keep working on her device. "My mother will not let me use lead in our backyard," Rao said laughingly. "That gives me the opportunity to get there [Tethys] I know my device can be right."
Rao hopes to bring out a prototype in the world over the next two years. Meanwhile, she fills up her inventor's notebook with new ideas.
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A Tribute to Sr. Sylvette Marie/ Sr. Marie de l'Assomption
A tribute from Sr.Gracy Plathottam
It is a great privilege for me to say a few words on this occasion when we have gathered here to bid a final goodbye to Sr. Sylvette Marie, a person who has impacted my life and the life of many people present here. It is difficult to put into words all the feelings that well up in my heart about a person who was like a mother to me. In the name of the sisters here and the rest of the Congregation I want to welcome each one of you, especially her beloved family members, her Sister Evette Bonnin, nephew Frederick, his wife and other family members, and friends from far and near who have comme to show your respect to her.
First of all I want to thank God for the gift of her as a person to her family, and our Congregation. She possessed qualities of goodness, warmth, friendliness, generosity and courage and lived her religious vocation with ardour and faithfulness. Her confidence and trust in the Lord helped her to handle many hard realities of life with equanimity and patience.
Sr. Sylvette Marie was born on 1st January 1924 in Saujon, to her dear parents Eugene and Georgette Orge. She is the second girl in a family of three sisters. Like the rest of her sisters, she too received a good education as well as the gift of faith in a family that valued and cared for each other.
She entered religious life quite early in life at the age of 19, in 1943 and made her first vows on 8th December 1944 and final vows on 17th September 1949.
She was trained as a teacher of French and Art and over the course of years she taught French, Spanish English, Catechism, and Religion, to children of various levels up to sixth form. We can say that one of the many qualities Sr. Sylvette possessed was the ability to communicate to all those whose lives she touched. She has travelled widely and absorbed the goodness in other cultures which widened her outlook and capacity to accommodate many people into her life.
Immediately after her profession, as a young sister she had spent three years in Spain and more than 14 years in teaching in England from 1951 to 1965, and then again as superior from 1968 to 1975. While in England, she was entrusted with the care of the apostolic school and accompaniment of students. As a vibrant, young sister she has had a very positive impact on the life and vocation of several pupils and has continued to accompany them throughout their life, taking a real interest in them.
After returning from England in 1975 she was appointed as superior of Cognac from 1976 to 1982, during which time she did a professional study of Iconography in Paris.
From 1982 till 2014 she was in La Rochelle and supervised the canteen for 20 years as well being the superior of the community for 9 years. After the closure of the community in La Rochelle, she along with two other sisters came to Saintes and has been in the community here till she suddenly took seriously ill and died on 26th August.
During her time in Alton she was also the Junior mistress of young sisters of my batch. As young sisters under her guidance, we found her firm and kind, sincere and with a deep understanding of spiritual life. Her non-judgemental attitude and open hearty laugh won the hearts of many of us. She helped us to grow in faith and in our prayer life sharing with us her experiences of mystics like St. Theresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross and St. Elisabeth of the Trinity who remained her favourites till the end. Her prayer life was guided by their deep spirituality and contemplation of the Holy Trinity.
She was a person of relationships and valued people, remained close to them and never stopped loving them even when people changed. She gave more than she took. She would take any step to maintain a relationship she valued. I have been a witness to her faithfulness. Her interest in people and in the good of the Congregation can be seen in the way she was ready to reach out anytime to help the sisters and past pupils in Alton and elsewhere with her presence, advice, her good humour and compassion. As she grew older, she became even more mellowed and sweeter, loving everyone with a peaceful and tranquil acceptance.
Her eye for details, beauty and feelings are seen in her beautiful paintings of the icons which fascinated her and to which she gave a lot of time from 1982.
Sr. Sylvette Marie loved life and brought life wherever she was. She made others happy by doing little things for them. Her infectious laughter, energy and understanding attracted young people to trust her and find in her a sure friend and support. She loved children and enjoyed being with them even in her old age that she was sad to leave La Rochelle. A few weeks ago she told me that it was always easier for her to relate to young people. She had a knack for knowing them and she was the one that many people contacted when they really wanted to share their sorrows. Sr. Sylvette will be missed by many. She is already badly missed by all of us who knew and loved her here. She has left a space that is filled with her memories.
She always knew what she wanted and God has been pleased to grant her many of her desires. She loved to be independent and active till the end and God has allowed her to live a full life without becoming over dependent on others. On the day before her fatal hemorrhage she had gone out alone in the car to do some necessary shopping for the community.
I really want to say a big thanks to you dear Sr. Sylvette for what you have meant to me and to all of us in the Congregation over the years. You were loved and all of us have been dear to you. Thank you for teaching us to trust the Lord in times of darkness. We ask you to continue to accompany us on our life journey.
Sr.Gracy Plathottam
Mother House, Saintes


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Global Glass Building Curtain Wall Market: Introduction
Curtain wall is a non-load bearing exterior wall that hangs akin to a curtain from floor slabs. Wind and gravity loads acting on the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, typically at the floor line. They are generally associated with large, multistory buildings. Curtain wall is designed to absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building; withstand wind loads; support its own dead weight; and resist air and water infiltration. Glass building curtain wall systems provide excellent structural integrity, as fewer mullions and joints are required compared to window wall systems.
Global Glass Building Curtain Wall Market: Trends & Developments
Glass building curtain walls are increasingly being used to promote interior day lighting, reduce the need for artificial lighting, lower heat loss in winters, and decrease heat gain in summers. Electrochromic glass is a tintable glass that is increasingly used in windows, skylights, and even curtain wall facades. Change in the shades of the glass from clear to tinted is controlled through a computer, allowing the user to manage the light energy passing through the electrochromic glass curtain wall. A new development in the field of glass building curtain wall is 'self-cleaning' glass, which incorporates a coating that lets sunlight and dispersion of water droplets assist in the cleaning process. Rise in usage of hydrophobic coatings on the exterior of glass building curtain walls to reduce cleaning cycles and the cost associated with chemicals and labor to clean and maintain the glass is creating a new trend in the glass building curtain wall market.
Global Glass Building Curtain Wall Market: Segmentation
Based on type, the global glass building curtain wall market can be segmented into stick curtain wall, unitized curtain wall, and others. Under stick curtain wall system, glass or opaque panels are assembled piece by piece at the building site. This system is primarily used for low-rise buildings. Stick curtain wall system entails low shipping cost; however, the labor cost associated with installation of the glass panels is high. Unitized curtain wall system is suitable for high rise buildings. Unitized curtain walls facilitate faster construction, as glass panels are already assembled in the factory and only need to be transported and installed as a single unit at the construction site.
Global Glass Building Curtain Wall Market: Regional Outlook
In terms of region, the global glass building curtain wall market can be divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the global glass building curtain wall market in terms of consumption in the near future. The glass building curtain wall market in the region is projected to expand at a significant pace during the forecast period. China is the key supplier and consumer of glass curtain walls in Asia Pacific. Decrease in availability of land resources in metropolitan cities and rapid urbanization in China are major reasons for the rise in construction of skyscrapers. Increase in number of skyscrapers is expected to create high demand for construction materials such as glass curtain walls. Rapid growth in the construction sector and emerging business and I.T. parks in India are likely to propel the domestic glass building curtain wall market.
Global Glass Building Curtain Wall Market: Key Players
Key players operating in the global glass building curtain wall market include Facade & Envelope, Hwarrior Curtain Wall& Decoration Engineering (Guangdong) Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen King Facade Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd., NYC Glass, Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd., Toro Glasswall, Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope, VITRA INTERNATIONAL AG, Aluk, G.James Glass & Aluminium, Permasteelisa S.p.A., and Schüco International.
The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.
The study is a source of reliable data on:
- Market segments and sub-segments
- Market trends and dynamics
- Supply and demand
- Market size
- Current trends/opportunities/challenges
- Competitive landscape
- Technological breakthroughs
- Value chain and stakeholder analysis
The regional analysis covers:
- North America (U.S. and Canada)
- Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Chile, and others)
- Western Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Spain, Italy, Nordic countries, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg)
- Eastern Europe (Poland and Russia)
- Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand)
- Middle East and Africa (GCC, Southern Africa, and North Africa)
The report has been compiled through extensive primary research (through interviews, surveys, and observations of seasoned analysts) and secondary research (which entails reputable paid sources, trade journals, and industry body databases). The report also features a complete qualitative and quantitative assessment by analyzing data gathered from industry analysts and market participants across key points in the industry's value chain.
A separate analysis of prevailing trends in the parent market, macro- and micro-economic indicators, and regulations and mandates is included under the purview of the study. By doing so, the report projects the attractiveness of each major segment over the forecast period.
Highlights of the report:
- A complete backdrop analysis, which includes an assessment of the parent market
- Important changes in market dynamics
- Market segmentation up to the second or third level
- Historical, current, and projected size of the market from the standpoint of both value and volume
- Reporting and evaluation of recent industry developments
- Market shares and strategies of key players
- Emerging niche segments and regional markets
- An objective assessment of the trajectory of the market
- Recommendations to companies for strengthening their foothold in the market
Note: Although care has been taken to maintain the highest levels of accuracy in TMR's reports, recent market/vendor-specific changes may take time to reflect in the analysis.
Glass Building Curtain Wall Market


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