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Jaspers, C., Huwer, B., Antajan, E., Hosia, A., Hinrichsen, H. - H., Biastoch, A., et al. (2018). Ocean current connectivity propelling the secondary spread of a marine invasive comb jelly across western Eurasia. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 27(7), 814–827.
Résumé: Aim: Invasive species are of increasing global concern. Nevertheless, the mechanisms driving further distribution after the initial establishment of non-native species remain largely unresolved, especially in marine systems. Ocean currents can be a major driver governing range occupancy, but this has not been accounted for in most invasion ecology studies so far. We investigate how well initial establishment areas are interconnected to later occupancy regions to test for the potential role of ocean currents driving secondary spread dynamics in order to infer invasion corridors and the source-sink dynamics of a non-native holoplanktonic biological probe species on a continental scale. Location: Western Eurasia. Time period: 1980s-2016. Major taxa studied: 'Comb jelly' Mnemiopsis leidyi. Methods: Based on 12,400 geo-referenced occurrence data, we reconstruct the invasion history of M. leidyi in western Eurasia. We model ocean currents and calculate their stability to match the temporal and spatial spread dynamics with large-scale connectivity patterns via ocean currents. Additionally, genetic markers are used to test the predicted connectivity between subpopulations. Results: Ocean currents can explain secondary spread dynamics, matching observed range expansions and the timing of first occurrence of our holoplanktonic non-native biological probe species, leading to invasion corridors in western Eurasia. In northern Europe, regional extinctions after cold winters were followed by rapid recolonizations at a speed of up to 2,000 km per season. Source areas hosting year-round populations in highly interconnected regions can re-seed genotypes over large distances after local extinctions. Main conclusions: Although the release of ballast water from container ships may contribute to the dispersal of non-native species, our results highlight the importance of ocean currents driving secondary spread dynamics. Highly interconnected areas hosting invasive species are crucial for secondary spread dynamics on a continental scale. Invasion risk assessments should consider large-scale connectivity patterns and the potential source regions of non-native marine species.
Mots-Clés: abundance; biodiversity; biological invasions; black-sea; caspian sea; consequences; ctenophore mnemiopsis-leidyi; gelatinous zooplankton; invasion corridors; invasive species; jellyfish; larval transport; marine connectivity; Mnemiopsis leidyi; north-sea; range expansion; source populations; source-sink dynamics; waters; zooplankton
Letessier, T. B., Mouillot, D., Bouchet, P. J., Vigliola, L., Fernandes, M. C., Thompson, C., et al. (2019). Remote reefs and seamounts are the last refuges for marine predators across the Indo-Pacific. PLoS. Biol., 17(8), e3000366.
Résumé: Since the 1950s, industrial fisheries have expanded globally, as fishing vessels are required to travel further afield for fishing opportunities. Technological advancements and fishery subsidies have granted ever-increasing access to populations of sharks, tunas, billfishes, and other predators. Wilderness refuges, defined here as areas beyond the detectable range of human influence, are therefore increasingly rare. In order to achieve marine resources sustainability, large no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) with pelagic components are being implemented. However, such conservation efforts require knowledge of the critical habitats for predators, both across shallow reefs and the deeper ocean. Here, we fill this gap in knowledge across the Indo-Pacific by using 1,041 midwater baited videos to survey sharks and other pelagic predators such as rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata), mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), and black marlin (Istiompax indica). We modeled three key predator community attributes: vertebrate species richness, mean maximum body size, and shark abundance as a function of geomorphology, environmental conditions, and human pressures. All attributes were primarily driven by geomorphology (35%-62% variance explained) and environmental conditions (14%-49%). While human pressures had no influence on species richness, both body size and shark abundance responded strongly to distance to human markets (12%-20%). Refuges were identified at more than 1,250 km from human markets for body size and for shark abundance. These refuges were identified as remote and shallow seabed features, such as seamounts, submerged banks, and reefs. Worryingly, hotpots of large individuals and of shark abundance are presently under-represented within no-take MPAs that aim to effectively protect marine predators, such as the British Indian Ocean Territory. Population recovery of predators is unlikely to occur without strategic placement and effective enforcement of large no-take MPAs in both coastal and remote locations.
Mots-Clés: biodiversity; coastal; consequences; hotspots; mortality; ocean; patterns; protected areas; shark sanctuary; tracking
McKenzie, D. J., Belao, T. C., Killen, S. S., & Rantin, F. T. (2015). To boldly gulp: standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish. J. Exp. Biol., 218(23), 3762–3770.
Résumé: The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, this nocturnal predator forages. Aquatic hypoxia (20% air saturation) greatly increased overall reliance on air breathing. We investigated whether two measures of risk taking to breathe air, namely absolute rates of aerial O-2 uptake ((M) over dotO(2), air) and the percentage of RMR obtained from air (% (M) over dotO(2), air), were influenced by individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and boldness. In particular, whether any influence varied with resource availability (normoxia versus hypoxia) or relative fear of predation (day versus night). Individual SMR, derived from respirometry, had an overall positive influence on (M) over dotO(2), air across all contexts but a positive influence on % (M) over dotO(2), air only in hypoxia. Thus, a pervasive effect of SMR on air breathing became most acute in hypoxia, when individuals with higher O-2 demand took proportionally more risks. Boldness was estimated as time required to resume air breathing after a fearful stimulus in daylight normoxia (T-res). Although T-res had no overall influence on (M) over dotO(2), air or % (M) over dotO(2), air, there was a negative relationship between Tres and % (M) over dotO(2), air in daylight, in normoxia and hypoxia. There were two Tres response groups, 'bold' phenotypes with Tres below 75 min (N= 13) which, in daylight, breathed proportionally more air than 'shy' phenotypes with Tres above 115 min (N= 16). Therefore, individual boldness influenced air breathing when fear of predation was high. Thus, individual energy demand and personality did not have parallel influences on the emergent tendency to take risks to obtain a resource; their influences varied in strength with context.
Mots-Clés: african catfish; animal personality; Bimodal respiration; clarias-gariepinus; ecological consequences; Energy metabolism; european sea bass; Hypoxia; individual variation; oncorhynchus-mykiss; Personality; personality-traits; predation risk; Respiratory partitioning; Risk-taking; wild-type zebrafish
McLean, M., Mouillot, D., Lindegren, M., Villeger, S., Engelhard, G., Murgier, J., et al. (2019). Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming. Glob. Change Biol., 25(11), 3972–3984.
Résumé: Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait-based approaches can provide better insight than species-based (i.e. taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functioning, but comparing species and trait dynamics may reveal important patterns for understanding community responses to environmental change. Here, we used a 33-year database of fish monitoring to compare the spatio-temporal dynamics of taxonomic and trait structure in North Sea fish communities. We found that the majority of variation in both taxonomic and trait structure was explained by a pronounced spatial gradient, with distinct communities in the southern and northern North Sea related to depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and bed shear stress. Both taxonomic and trait structure changed significantly over time; however taxonomically, communities in the south and north diverged towards different species, becoming more dissimilar over time, yet they converged towards the same traits regardless of species differences. In particular, communities shifted towards smaller, faster growing species with higher thermal preferences and pelagic water column position. Although taxonomic structure changed over time, its spatial distribution remained relatively stable, whereas in trait structure, the southern zone of the North Sea shifted northward and expanded, leading to homogenization. Our findings suggest that global environmental change, notably climate warming, will lead to convergence towards traits more adapted for novel environments regardless of species composition.
Mots-Clés: biodiversity; biotic homogenization; climate change; climate-change; community ecology; consequences; ecological traits; ecology; ecosystem functioning; fisheries; functional diversity; north-sea; patterns; plant traits; regime shift; shelf seas; spatio-temporal dynamics
Reichel, K., Masson, J. - P., Malrieu, F., Arnaud-Haond, S., & Stoeckel, S. (2016). Rare sex or out of reach equilibrium? The dynamics of F-IS in partially clonal organisms. BMC Genet., 17, 76.
Résumé: Background: Partially clonal organisms are very common in nature, yet the influence of partial asexuality on the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity remains poorly understood. Mathematical models accounting for clonality predict deviations only for extremely rare sex and only towards mean inbreeding coefficient (F-IS) over bar < 0. Yet in partially clonal species, both F-IS < 0 and F-IS > 0 are frequently observed also in populations where there is evidence for a significant amount of sexual reproduction. Here, we studied the joint effects of partial clonality, mutation and genetic drift with a state-and-time discrete Markov chain model to describe the dynamics of F-IS over time under increasing rates of clonality. Results: Results of the mathematical model and simulations show that partial clonality slows down the asymptotic convergence to F-IS = 0. Thus, although clonality alone does not lead to departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations once reached the final equilibrium state, both negative and positive F-IS values can arise transiently even at intermediate rates of clonality. More importantly, such "transient" departures from Hardy Weinberg proportions may last long as clonality tunes up the temporal variation of F-IS and reduces its rate of change over time, leading to a hyperbolic increase of the maximal time needed to reach the final mean (F-IS,F-infinity) over bar value expected at equilibrium. Conclusion: Our results argue for a dynamical interpretation of F-IS in clonal populations. Negative values cannot be interpreted as unequivocal evidence for extremely scarce sex but also as intermediate rates of clonality in finite populations. Complementary observations (e.g. frequency distribution of multiloci genotypes, population history) or time series data may help to discriminate between different possible conclusions on the extent of clonality when mean (F-IS) over bar values deviating from zero and/or a large variation of F-IS over loci are observed.
Mots-Clés: consequences; diversity; evolution; genetic diversity; genetic-structure; Heterozygote excess; hybridization; Inbreeding coefficient; loci; Mating system; microsatellite primers; mutation; Parthenogenesis; Partial asexuality; population-genetics; reproduction


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Social Stories – Preventing the Spread of Germs
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Love Cards: What Your Birthday Reveals About You and Your Personal Relationships400
Secrets of Your Love Life—Revealed!
Your birth date reveals more about you than you might imagine.
Have you ever wondered why some people are afraid of commitment or why others always put work before love? Is the person you are dating right for you? Why is your best friend such a hopeless romantic? This book will help find the answers to every question you've ever had about your personal relationships.
Robert Lee Camp is known throughout Hollywood for his accurate and insightful celebrity readings. His unique fortune-telling system is based on a science used by the ancient Egyptians. Now, try this in-depth but surprisingly simple system for yourself—a unique combination of astrology and numerology that can be mastered in a matter of hours.
Featuring new chapters that explores famous celebrity couples, the new edition of Love Cards will teach you how to perform a complete relationship reading between two people. Look up your Birth Card, the cards of your lover, family, and friends, and then discover:
•Who am I most compatible with in love, sex, romance, and marriage?
•How do my Karma and Past Life Cards affect my present relationships?
•Why have I chosen past partners, and how can I make better decisions about my future?
•Which celebrities share my birthday?
Find Your Birth Card Now
Love Cards is a guide to help you understand why you are the way you are. Is the key to a happy love life in the cards?
Product Details
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|Product dimensions:
|8.40(w) x 10.90(h) x 0.90(d)
About the Author
Read an Excerpt
I have always been a student of life and I have always wanted to know what is the 'Key to Happiness.' Perhaps it is this eternal quest that led me to the discovery of this most amazing system. When a friend handed me an old book about the cards and said, "Here, look up your card and see what it says about you," I was doubtful. How could any system based solely upon my birthday have anything relevant to say about me? I was an astrologer after all, and as many people know, an astrology chart requires the date, time, and place of our birth to be accurate. Still, I was interested and read a small section about my Birth Card. I was stunned a little after reading it. First of all, it was telling me things about myself that were true, but they were qualities that I hadn't accepted about myself. I felt the book was a little negative on my card, the Queen of Diamonds, but I had to admit that it was an accurate portrayal. Something inside told me that I had stumbled upon a gemstone of knowledge. My second sense about books and information has always been accurate and I knew then and there that this information came from a high and genuine source of spiritual truth.
I immediately acquired a copy of that book, called Sacred Symbols of the Ancients, and began reading up on everyone I knew. My thirst for more information was growing each day. But as I searched and searched, I could find no other books about this mysterious card system. There were lots of books on reading playing cards, but none gave me the feeling this book did. After about a year, I finally gave up searching, resigning myself to the reality that there really were no other books on this subject.
A couple of months later I made a big move to Los Angeles. Strangely enough, within two weeks of moving there a friend came over and noticed Sacred Symbols on my book shelf. "You have that book too?" she said. "Did you know there is a man in town who has written another book about the cards? His name is Arne Lein and he has been teaching classes about it." To make a long story short, I met Arne Lein, took classes from him, and received my initiation into this wonderful body of information. Over a year later, after Arne passed away, I dedicated myself to introducing this system to the world and began writing my first book about it.
About six years ago I had a reading done by a prominent psychic in Los Angeles. Most of the reading was useless mumbo jumbo, but at one point in the reading the psychic stopped what he was talking about and said, "Your deceased aunt, Elizabeth, wants to tell you something and she won't leave me alone until I tell you this." I told him to go ahead and he said, "She was an author herself. She knows you are writing books and she wanted me to tell you that when you write your book, think about creating a book that would be the book you have been looking for your entire life. Think about what book would make you feel like you had found the most valuable treasure in the world. Then, go out and write that book."
I took some notes and he went on with the rest of his reading. But that one message made a lasting impression on me. The feeling Aunt Elizabeth described is how I felt when I discovered Sacred Symbols. Honestly, there have been several other books that have made me feel that way and each one of them proved to be invaluable in my life, giving me priceless information that helped me to transform aspects of my life. I hope Love Cards has that impact for you.
When I meet people today, I immediately ask them their birthday. Once I know their birthday, I usually know more about them than they know about themselves. I constantly study people and learn more and more about them through the use of this system. This knowledge gives a certain kind of power. I can make predictions about people that come true 90 percent of the time. Knowing a person's card tells what to expect from them and gives an idea of how we will relate with one another. It gives an understanding of life that brings great joy.
It has also helped me to understand and accept myself. Much of the pain and suffering of my early life is gone, partly because I am no longer fighting with myself so much. I have come to accept myself in areas where I used to be in turmoil and conflict. And I believe this is one of the most priceless gifts this system has to offer. If you read this book and are able to understand and accept yourself a little more, then I have been successful.
But the potential is here for much more than that. There are literally hundreds of uses for this information,all of which will help your life and the life of those you love. The truth is really a loving thing. It spreads light wherever it goes, releasing much of the tension we experience from misunderstandings and inner conflicts. And as the wise man Swami Kripalu Vanandji once said:
Where there is darkness, let there be light.
Where there is sadness, let there be joy.
Where there is ignorance, let there be truth.
Where there is hate and anger, let there be love.
Best wishes in your personal path to light, joy, truth, and love. Robert Lee Camp


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RATS programs to replicate Mountford and Uhlig JAE 2009 sign-constrained VAR
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- Andrew Mountford & Harald Uhlig, 2009. "What are the effects of fiscal policy shocks?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(6), pages 960-992.
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KeywordsVAR with sign restrictions;
JEL classification:
- C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
- E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
- E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy
- H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
- H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
- H60 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - General
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Politicians, rights defenders and the business community were on Monday back to the streets condemning the government for diminishing the region through the 100% standard gauge railway – SGR cargo handling.
Mombasa Senator Mohammed Faki said that demonstrations were unstoppable since Mombasa residents were feeling the pinch over the SGR order.
Addressing locals at Changamwe round about Monday morning during the demonstrations, Faki said Mombasa was facing economic hard times following the SGR order insisting that it should be quashed.
Economic setback
His sentiments were echoed by Mvita MP Abdulswamad Shariff Nassir and Nyali legislature Mohammed Ali who said the county was facing serious economic setbacks and that the order was oppressive.
[Political leaders from Left; Mvita MP Abdulswamad Shariff Nassir, Nyali Legislature Mohammed Ali and Mombasa Senator Mohammed Faki. Photo/ Ahmed Omar.]
"Mombasa should not bear the government sh. 5.8 trillion burden, road transport sector should as well get a fair share of the business," he said.
Job loss
On his part, Nassir admitted that Mombasa has experienced massive job losses following a shutdown of many clearing and forwarding companies that highly depended on the road transport for their growth.
"Mombasa is no longer a 24 hour economic zone, people are moving out of the County after they were forced to close down their economic activities," he said.
Nationwide protests
Meanwhile, human rights defenders led by Haki Africa Executive Director Hussein Khalid have vowed to hard-press the government until it gives positive responses to the drastic economic problems facing Mombasa.
Mr. Khalid said not only Mombasa but the entire country especially towns along the Mombasa-Nairobi highway that highly depended upon the long distance transport have been highly affected.
He said the SGR protests will cover the whole country.
[First Action Movement leaders, Politicians and Human rights defenders during black Monday anti- SGR protests. photo/Ahmed Omar].
"How will the country prosper if we have 5,000 millionaires and 50 million poor Kenyans? It is totally unacceptable," he added.
Muslim for Human Rights-MUHURI Chairperson Khelef Khalifa said Kenyans were tired of the government discriminatory trend.
He said SGR has not uplifted Kenyans living standards but has to a great extent overburden them.
Khalifa reiterated that 'Black Monday' was unstoppable
"Let all those who signed the SGR deal pay the debt we should not be forced to," noted the human rights defender.