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The Prophet () used medicine himself and prescribed medicine for his family and Companions
Yet, the type of medicines that the Prophet () and his companions used to take was nothing like the chemical mixtures that are called, "Aqrabathayn (Pharmacopoeia)". Rather, the majority of their medicine consisted of only one ingredient. Sometimes, they would take another substance to assist the medicine or make it taste better. This was, and still is, the case with most of the medicine used by many cultures such as Arabs, Turks, Indians and nomads. The Romans and the Greeks, on the other hand, use a mixture of substances or remedies in their medicine.
The medical authorities agree that whenever an illness could be fought with nourishment and diet, then medicine should be avoided. Also, they agree that whenever it is possible to use only one substance or ingredient as a remedy, a compound remedy should not be used. They agree that the body will be harmed if doctors over prescribe medicine. This is because the remedy might not find an illness to cure, or might find an illness that it cannot cure, or might be suitable for the illness, but an excess dose may be given, thereby compromising the health of the body.
The most experienced doctors use medications that contain one ingredient.The medication should be similar or related to regular foods that the patient is used to eating. Cultures that consume one or only a few types of food in their regular diet, generally suffer from few illnesses, they should not use compound medicines. Those who live in cities and whose diets are complex need medicines that are a mixture of several substances or ingredients, as these are the types of medicines that most suit their illnesses. The ailments of the people who live in the deserts are usually simple and thus simple medications are suitable for them. These arguments entail facts that are known in the medical profession.
Prophetic medicine has a divine element to it. This element makes comparing Prophetic medicine to the medicines offered by regular doctors similar to comparing the medicine offered by doctors to folk medicine. The best medical authorities agree to this fact, since the science that they excel in is a result of comparisons, experimentation, inspiration, visions and hypothesis.Some of them state that their knowledge is acquired through the animal kingdom, for example they observe cats swallowing a venomous creature and then observe it lick the oil in the lamp, thus neutralizing the effect of the venom. They also observe a snake that has something wrong with its eyes. The snake then wipes its eyes on fennel leaves and cures its condition. Also, they observe some birds that sip seawater when constipated.There are many similar examples that doctors mention concerning their observations of nature.
This type of knowledge cannot be compared to revelation from Alläh to His Messenger and which informs him of what is good for him and what is not.Comparing scientific knowledge to revelation is like comparing the rest of the sciences to what the Prophet a has been sent with. In fact, the Prophets provide us with a kind of medicine that the doctors can barley understand or reach by their experimentation, hypothesis and theories. The Prophets deliver remedies that cure the heart from whatever attacks it. These Prophetic remedies strengthen the heart and increase the reliance and dependence on Alläh. It also aids in seeking refuge, being humble and showing meekness before Him, begging Him, giving charity and supplicating to Him. It also includes repenting to AIIãh, seeking His forgiveness, practicing kindness towards His creation and aiding those in desperate need and those who have suffered a calamity. These cures have been tried by various nations who have indeed found them to carry the cure doctors can never prescribe on their own, whether by experimentation or scientific observations.
We have tried the Prophetic cures and found that they are more powerful than any type of regular medicine. Further, it is a fact that comparing the Prophetic medicines to the medicines that doctors prescribe is just like comparing regular medicine to folk medicine.
The hearts that are connected with the Lord of the Worlds – the Creator of the illness and its cure and He Who governs the affairs of everything and everyone – require special types of remedies that are nothing like those required for the hearts that are far away from their Lord. Furthermore, whenever the soul and the heart become stronger (spiritually), they will cooperate to defeat the illness. How can anyone deny that the most effective cure for the ailment that afflicts the heart and soul occurs by feeling delight and joy when drawing closer to the Lord, loving Him, remembering Him, being totally dedicated and attentive to Him, depending on Him and seeking His help? Only the most ignorant people deny these facts, especially those who have the dullest intellect, the worst comprehension and who are the farthest from Alläh and from knowing the true reality of mankind. Soon after, Alläh willing, we will mention the reason why reciting Al-Fatihah (the first chapter in the Qur'än) has removed the effects of a poisonous sting, enabling the poisoned person to stand up as if he never suffered pain.
We will mention two types of Prophetic medicine in as much detail as possible, according to the limited strength, knowledge and resources available to us.We rely only on Alläh for every type of good and righteous matter, while seeking His Bounty, for He is the Cherished Who grants favors without limit.


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Ardnamurchan Winter Group Talk @ Acharacle
The Ardnamurchan Winter Group hold talks during the winter months followed by light refeshments. everyone welcome.
Tuesday 16th October 2018 from 19:30
In the land of the rising sun: a whilwind tour from Tokyo to Osaka
a talk by Inez Dye,
Acharacle Community Centre, Acharacle
Tuesday, October 16, 2018 - 19:30
- Acharacle
- Ardnamurchan
- Acharacle Community Centre
Acharacle Community Centre Morrison Place Acharacle PH36 4JJ
Event Type:
- Community
- talk

subset: commoncrawl


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Syrian Army Lunches Precision Strikes on Terrorist Groups in Hama Countryside, Foils their Infiltration Attempts.
Army units on Monday launched precision strikes on lines of movement and infiltration of terrorist organizations in the vicinity of Hasraya town in Hama northern countryside, inflicting loss... Read more
While combing the areas liberated by the Syrian Arab Army, authorities found huge amounts of weapons and ammunition, some of which are Israeli-made and US-made to the west of Jibbat al-Khash... Read more
Units of the Syrian Arab Army on Friday thwarted terrorist groups' infiltration attempts towards the safe areas and army points on the outskirts of the demilitarized zone in Idleb from sever... Read more
Macron is worried and the reaction of its president bears the traces: even as the information indicates the direct involvement of terrorists Al-Nusra in the chemical attack against Aleppo, P... Read more
Hayaat Tahrir al-Sham terrorists launched a heavy attack on the Syrian army this Friday morning in the northwest countryside of Hama governorate. Under the guise of a deep fog, Hayaat Tahrir... Read more
The Russian Foreign Ministry confirmed that the real separation of the so-called "moderate armed opposition" forces from the terrorists in the Syrian province of Idlib has not ye... Read more
The Syrian army responded to an attempt to infiltrate "Al-Azza Brigades" into the safe areas of northern Hama, along the demilitarized zone north of Hama, in a new attempt to bre... Read more
3 people were killed by a landmine explosion from the remnants of terrorist organizations in the south-eastern Idlib countryside. In detail, three olive harvesters were killed in the village... Read more
A Turkish daily newspaper, quoting sources, reported on Wednesday that there had been many cases of US forces directly delivering material and technical assistance to militants in the town o... Read more
The Syrian Army Monitors Terrorist Strongholds and Heavy Weapons in the "Demilitarized Zone" Inside Idlib.
The Syrian army monitored the coordinates of radical militant positions who refused to leave the demilitarized zone of Idlib province, and their heavy weapons positions and places of their c... Read more


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Air Lease Corporation announced the lease and delivery of two Airbus A321-200 aircraft to Air Canada.
ALC is a leading aircraft leasing company based in Los Angeles, California that has airline customers throughout the world. ALC and its team of dedicated and experienced professionals are principally engaged in purchasing commercial aircraft and leasing them to its airline customers worldwide through customized aircraft leasing and financing solutions.
"We are delighted to announce the lease of these two young A321 aircraft to Air Canada, which will support their fleet requirements and expanding network for many years to come," said John L. Plueger, Chief Executive Officer and President of Air Lease Corporation.
Recommended for you...


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Pampered childhood spells woes
London: Have had a happy childhood? Be prepared to go that extra mile if you want to make your marriage a success. Children who enjoy a happy and stable childhood are more likely to divorce later in life, says a new research.
The study by a team at the Cambridge University has found that people with a stable upbringing could have more confidence and so be more ready to leave a failing relationship, a UK Daily reported.
Commenting on the findings, Professor Felicia Huppert, director of Cambridge's Well-being Institute, said: "One factor might be that positive children have higher self-esteem than their peers and are more willing to leave a marriage if it is not meeting their needs."
Other findings were more predictable, she said. For example, it was found that happy teenagers went on to be content in their work, have more hobbies and busier social lives. They were also much less likely to suffer from psychiatric problems in later years.
So, is it true that those with a happy childhood do not give their best to sustain a relationship? Problems may arise if one goes on making constant comparisons between one's spouse and parents, say experts. Psychiatrist Dr Advesh Sharma says, "Childhood memories are deeply embedded in your memory. If your parents never fought with each other, showered you with love and attention, and made sure to fulfil your needs, your expectations from your partner will go up.
When emotional needs are not fulfiled, people feel discontent and reject a relationship in its initial stages only." Dr Sharma says that many of his patients expect their spouses to be like their mother or father. "That's a very immature thing to do," says the psychiatrist who advises that instead of seeking the same level of comfort your parents gave you, analyse if you have invested enough in the relationship or not.
But marriage counsellor Dr Kamal Khurana says the research findings are not really disappointing. "A person who has had a happy childhood will be a happy worker at the workplace, and would seek a happy marriage. If his feelings are not being reciprocated by the partner, it's a better idea to walk out of such a relationship than suffer," he says.


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PechaKucha Burlington Vol. 1 – See you there!
by TruexCullins, November 2, 2010
Check out this cool event happening in Burlington this week…
Thursday, November 4, 6:00 PM at the Fleming Museum's Marble CourtPechaKucha Night (PKN) is a worldwide phenomenon that began in 2003 in Tokyo. It offers the opportunity for a broad range of participants to present their projects, ideas, thoughts, and designs at a fun, informal, and fast-paced gathering. Drawing its name from the Japanese word for the sound of "chit chat," PKN uses a quick and concise 20 x 20 presentation format that allows you to show 20 images, each for 20 seconds. You describe your project as the images forward automatically. The Fleming is delighted to welcome this exciting new event to Burlington. Join PKN BTV for a take on our community's creative pulse! Drinks and snacks will be on hand with music selected by Ryan Miller of Guster! Learn more about PechaKucha at their international website, here.
Adults: $5, Students: $3; PechaKucha Night – devised and shared by Klein Dytham architecture. Media Sponsorship provided by Seven Days.
For more information:
Please visit https://www.flemingmuseum.org/
Call 802.656.0750 or Email email@example.com
Follow PKN BTV on FACEBOOK
Also listen to this recent NPR story on PechaKucha.


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The snacks, which are tempting and tasty, are perfect for a break with a simple taste that is rich in energy, but they can also be used as a basic ingredient in the preparation of many sweet recipes.
A burst of energy from a simple snack with a unique taste, typical of Goji berries, combined with chocolate for your sweeth tooth and chopped hazelnuts as well as the crispness of puffed cereals.Out of stock
A totally natural and organic bar for a sweet but balanced snack. The sweetness of the almonds perfectly matches the appetizing and slightly sour taste of the plums.Out of stock
A bar in which the natural sweetness of dates joins the crispiness of the extruded and puffed whole grain cereals, for a unique result. This snack provides slow-releasing energy and is characterized by natural ingredients, which are all organic.Out of stock


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Party: Conservative
Division: Uckfield South with Framfield
Parish: Framfield ; Heathfield & Waldron ; Little Horsted ; Uckfield
Home address:
89 Hunters Way
East Sussex
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 01825 763 752
Download Councillor Chris Dowling contact details as VCard
Please note that my division also includes Ridgewood.
My politics
I've been an active member of the Conservative Party since I was 22 years old. I started as a Young Conservative and went on to become chairman of the Wealden Conservative Association. In 2001, I stood for council against a very high profile Liberal Democrat candidate and I won. He was amazed and so was I.
In the last term, we straightened out the Council's finances, and the services we deliver are now much better value. Keeping the council tax as low as possible has been a key objective.
We are badly under-funded by the government, and I expect this will continue. Therefore, we have to work hard to reconcile our policy ambitions against the tight financial resources available. At all times our services for the people of East Sussex must be top quality and best value.
More about me
I was first elected to the County Council in 2001 after winning the Uckfield division. The Uckfield seat was re-drawn following boundary changes, and in the 2005 elections, I won the new Framfield & Horam division, half of which was previously in my 'old patch'.
Following the 2016 boundary changes I won the newly-drawn Uckfield South with Framfield division, which is large with an urban and rural mix. It includes the Ridgewood part of Uckfield, and several villages.
But how did I get here?
I was born in London and grew up in Chigwell, Essex. The family moved to East Sussex in 1971, and I have lived in the Uckfield area ever since.
Spending my childhood in a suburban area, I am pleased that my children have experienced life in a semi-rural area; enjoying the benefits of both the town and countryside.
My community
I am delighted and privileged to represent the people of the Framfield and Horam division. The area is a beautiful part of East Sussex – from the edge of expanding Uckfield, though the lanes of Framfield and Blackboys to the secluded parts of Waldron and Horam, back to Cross in-Hand and up the A267 to Five Ashes.
The area has similarities with traffic, speeding, planning and development problems, as well as diversities with both rural and urban issues.
I am always pleased to help local residents with issues and to work as a facilitator between the community and Council. I act as a 'human signpost' to point people in the right direction and to get questions answered and problems resolved.
Over recent years I have helped many people on a wide range of issues, both big and small, including:
· the school bus from Framfield and Blackboys
· road junctions and parking at Cross-in-Hand, parking schemes in Horam
· speed and traffic problems in Five Ashes
· the odd shaped and dangerous roundabout in Ridgewood.
Please contact me – I am only a phone call or an email away. I will be very pleased to hear from you.
My home life
My wife Claire is also a councillor, representing an Uckfield ward on Wealden District Council, and since May 2013 reprsenting Uckfield on the County Council. We have two grown-up daughters who have almost, but not quite, 'flown the nest'.
As well as being a councillor, I own and run my own business; life is pretty busy. Being my own boss gives me the flexibility of dealing with council matters during working hours, but I often end up catching up with business after hours – you can't win them all.
My spare time
Well, I don't have very much spare time!
I have always been very interested in sport. I am a supporter of Brighton & Hove Albion FC and an occasional visitor to the AMEX. I am a member of Sussex County Cricket Club and summers wouldn't be complete without regular visits to Hove to watch the best cricket team in the country.


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Rainn Wilson's production company has decided to part ways with Vine star Curtis Lepore on an upcoming project amidst backlash regarding Lepore's rape charges from January.
SoulPancake, Wilson's production company is currently developing a scripted show called Hollywood and Vine, about viral Vine personalities trying to make it big in Hollywood. Lepore was to play one of the five lead roles, but according to a Facebook post, (as Hollywood Report reports), that is no longer the case:
After much consideration, the decision was made with Curtis Lepore to mutually part ways on SoulPancake's television project featuring Vine stars. We felt this was the best decision for everyone involved. We wish Curtis all the best in all his future endeavors.
In January of this year, Lepore's ex-girlfriend and fellow Vine star Jessi "Smiles" Vazquez filed rape charges against him, and Lepore took a plea deal instead pleading guilty to felony assault in February. When it was announced that Lepore was joining Wilson's project, there was a huge backlash—five days later, he was dropped.
A smart decision on Wilson/Soulpancake's move.
Images via Curtis Lepore's Twitter and Getty.


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To save reading (you have a lot better things to do ;-), I will summarise the main points for the D paper:
A single 5 hour paper - the DI and DII parts will be indicated clearly
The number of points for each part (DI/DII) will be given, and it will be approximately 40 for DI and 60 for DII
Same points split as as before, except that for timing purpose, you have about 3 minutes per point if you wish to complete the whole paper. This translates to about 2 hours for the DI part and about 3 hours for the DII part
In the DI part, you will get a number of separate legal questions for which you must cite legal basis. The number of points per question will be given.
In the DII part, you will get a letter from a client, and you will have to give legal advice. The number of points per question will NOT be given.


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Naked Lunch
New York: Grove Press, 1959 [but 1962]. First American Edition. A Beat Generation cornerstone, and basis for David Cronenberg's bizarre 1991 film starring Peter Weller. MAYNARD & MILES A2.b. First Printing. Octavo; half charcoal gray paper over black cloth, with titles stamped in gilt on spine; black topstain; dustjacket; 255pp. Cloth slightly dusty, else Near Fine. Dustjacket is unclipped (priced $6.00), without publisher's zip code on rear panel; extremities and panels lightly rubbed, with a few short tears along the edges; Very Good+, without fading to the spine lettering.
Price: $650.00


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Welcome to Mass Atrocity Monday, your biweekly bulletin on lesser-known episodes of mass slaughter, systematic rape, and ethnic cleansing. No Holocaust, Rwandan Genocide, or Khmer Rouge here, folks. It's going to be all Palmyra Prison, Khojaly, and She'ib massacres, all the time.
Today's entry comes to us from Afghanistan. The year is 1978. The ominously-named government agency: The Department for Safeguarding the Interests of Afghanistan (AGSA). The victims: tens of thousands of Afghan citizens, accused of dissident activity and murdered by their own government.
Here's what happened:
Following the April 1978 coup that brought them into power, the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) began a brutal (and ultimately unsuccessful) campaign to secure its hold on the country. As was fashionable among communist revolutionaries at the time, the regime rounded up professionals, intellectuals, and civic leaders.
Over the next 20 months, thousands of Afghan civilians were abducted, tortured, and in many cases extrajudicially executed. (The unpublished UN mapping report estimates that as many as 100,000 people may have been disappeared during this period.) For decades the families of these individuals have waited; first for their loved ones to come home, then for information about their fate. But as Afghanistan has reeled from one crisis to the next, no official acknowledgment or justice process has been forthcoming.
Recently, however, a partial list of victims was made public by an unlikely source: the Dutch government. In 1993, a man called Amanullah Osman applied for asylum in the Netherlands. At his interview, he identified himself as the former head of AGSA's interrogation unit and admitted to having been responsible for torture and executions. Unsurprisingly, the Dutch did not grant him asylum. What they did do was open a criminal investigation.
Over the course of their investigation, the Dutch police obtained from witnesses a set of Transfer Orders, documenting the movement of political prisoners between detention centers, and a list of 4,785 people detained and killed during the purges. In fact, the "death list" is one of a series "released in 1979 and 1980 by leaders who sought to tarnish the reputation of their predecessors."
These lists did not make their way into the hands of the families of the disappeared, many of whom have continued searching for closure for 35 years. The Dutch authorities therefore decided to make publicly searchable both the death list and the transfer orders. With the release of this information, a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of victims of Afghanistan's decades of violence may finally know peace of mind. But so far, no one has received justice.
*For more information, check out the aforementioned UN Mapping Report, the work of the Afghanistan Justice Project, and this old-timey Amnesty International report (from 1979!).


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Orange's Cliff Cooper plays Santa again
For the fifth consecutive year Orange Amplification is running a special Christmas promotion, giving contestants a free giveaway if they share their wish with Cliff Cooper, Orange's Founder and CEO. They do so on their Facebook page by liking, commenting or sharing any #wishgranted post. Plus, entrants can double their chances by sharing their wish on orangeamps.com. All wishes must be posted between 1st and 24th December (11.59pm GMT) 2017.
Previous years have seen lucky winners receive thousands of pounds worth of gear including amps, combos, cabs, headphones and more. Orange is continuing the tradition again this year by offering everything from the current Orange Product range.
Orange will be announcing the winners on its Facebook page on 25th December, 12PM GMT 2017. Winners will discover whether their dream has come true on Christmas Day.
This year, as an extra bonus, Orange's online Beginner Rock Guitar Course is FREE throughout December. Signing up will give players unlimited free access to learn the guitar at their own pace which includes video, quizzes and online help from qualified teachers.
Info: www.orangeamps.com
The post Orange's Cliff Cooper plays Santa again appeared first on Music Instrument News.
Source: musicinstrumentnews.co.uk


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When Mary Creagh, the shadow transport secretary, says the Government has only resurrected plans to dual the A1 north of Newcastle for "political reasons" she is probably correct.
Nevertheless, she misses the point. If political reasons are the only way we are to advance this vital project, then we'll take them.
There have been hints that George Osborne may have good news about the A1 in his Autumn Statement in a few weeks.
We should not expect that good news to be an immediate start on widening the road.
Road projects are an escalator that moves at snail's pace. When a project is near the bottom it can fall off the escalator at any time. The higher it advances, the more chance there is of work actually starting. It takes years.
The A1 north of Newcastle is not even on the escalator yet. But it is closer than ever to making it on to the bottom step. All we can do is keep the pressure on.


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The University of Michigan-Dearborn has extended its Community Service Personnel Scholarship program to include employees of the Washtenaw County Circuit Court and the Washtenaw County Sheriff's Department. Participation agreements were formally signed on May 29 by Washtenaw County Circuit Court Chief Judge David Swartz, Washtenaw County Sheriff Jerry Clayton, UMD Dean Martin Hershock, UMD Criminal Justice Studies Program Director (and former Washtenaw County Circuit Judge) Dr. Donald Shelton, UMD Associate Dean Mike LaChance, and UMD Associate Provost Ilir Miteza. The program provides a scholarship valued at 20 percent of tuition and fees for public safety employees at partnering organizations. Although administered through the Criminal Justice Studies Program, the scholarship is available for degree-seeking students in any UMD department or program and can be used for all undergraduate and graduate programs. The agreement with the Washtenaw County Sheriff brings the number of participating police agencies in Southeast Michigan to 17, and follows a recent similar agreement with the Oakland County Circuit Court. Pictured (seated l-r): Associate Dean Mike LaChance, Chief Judge Davis S. Swartz, Sheriff Jerry Clayton, and Dr. Donald Shelton. (Standing l-r): Criminal Justice Administrator Janice Jones, Court Administrator Dan Dwyer, Associate Provost Ilir Miteza, CASL Outreach Program Manager Susan Cushnier, and Criminal Justice Faculty Member Dr. Francine Banner.
Photo courtesy of U-M Dearborn


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CREECH AIR FORCE BASE, Nev. (AFNS) —
Twenty-one Airmen from around the Air Force were put to the test both physically and mentally in their pursuits to attend the U.S. Army Ranger school during the Ranger Assessment Course (RAC) Oct. 2-16, at Silver Flag Alpha range, Nevada.
The course has existed in Nevada since the early 1980s, and this was the last class at this location.
The RAC is a leadership course designed to prepare Airmen of all Air Force specialty codes for Ranger School. For two weeks, Airmen endure and are evaluated on extreme physical, mental and emotional stress, while coping with demanding conditions, 23 hours a day.
"They're constantly being evaluated and not just by us but by their peers as well," said Lt. Col. Larry Wood, the chief individual mobilization augmentation of security forces for Air Combat Command. "We evaluate how well they lead and how well they follow."
Since 1950, barely 300 Airmen have been Ranger qualified. In order for Airmen to join this exclusive group, they must be able to complete the physical requirements, overcome food and sleep deprivation — all while performing effectively as leaders and followers. Once they receive their coveted 'go' rating and complete the RAC, they can continue to attend the U.S. Army Ranger School.
On average, only 35-50 percent of participating Airmen complete this course. Students can't actually fail the RAC, but are given the option to quit on their own account.
If they quit, they will not be permitted to attend the course again. However, if students are medically eliminated due to injuries sustained during the course, they will be allowed to return at a later date.
"Typically (students quit) due to lack of preparation," said Master Sgt. Dzajic Martinez, the 99th Ground Combat Training Squadron NCO in charge of operations. "They come out not expecting what they got themselves into, and it's the shock of the sleep and food deprivation and stress that gets them."
The rigorous training course includes an Army Ranger physical assessment test, 12-mile ruck march, land navigation, weapons maintenance and employment, combat water survival, small unit tactics and foot patrols.
"We bombard them with information, we demonstrate it for them, and then expect them to be able to perform it," Wood said.
All of the assessments are challenging, but perhaps the most difficult for the students are the foot patrols. Exhaustion from sleep and food deprivation overwhelms the students as they attempt to navigate map points while undergoing ambushes.
"Patrolling is the hardest (part)," Wood said. "A lot of them have never done these types of patrols before, so it's a very steep learning curve."
While students agreed the patrols were difficult, each had their own reason why the course was challenging.
"The most challenging thing for me, aside from the physical stress, was the mental stress," said Senior Airman Clifford Abner, a 799th Security Forces Squadron member from Creech Air Force Base, Nevada.
Senior Airman Zachary Baldridge from the 20th Security Forces Squadron at Shaw AFB, South Carolina, said the most challenging part for him was being sleep deprived and hungry while performing at 110 percent.
Although a number of students may graduate from the course, not all are given the 'go' rating to attend Ranger School.
During this final class at the Silver Flag Alpha range, 15 out of 21 Airmen graduated with six having earned the opportunity to go Ranger School.
"This class's (attrition rate) was about 20 percent," Wood said. "One quit and the rest were medical drops. This is highly unusual. We have an above 80 percent success rate for Airmen chosen from this course who go on to earn their tab at Ranger School. The ones that don't make it are usually due to medical issues."
To most Airmen who attend this course, the leadership skills are highly beneficial.
"For those who go through, there's no additional pay, but it's not about that," Martinez said. "It's about what you can bring back to your units."
Even though some of the students may not go on to Ranger School, they can take what they have learned back to their wingmen.
"I feel like I've gained a lot of knowledge and experience as far as leadership abilities go," Baldridge said. "We learned a lot of things than definitely can be applied to our home stations and used as tools in our own personal lives as well"
The Airmen who pass the RAC and earn their Ranger tab return to their assigned AFSC and home station.
"Each one who has a Ranger tab is responsible for their core AFSC, but what an Airman brings back from Ranger School is leadership that you cannot teach anywhere else," Wood said.
With the recent change to Air Force Instruction 36-2903, Dress and Personal Appearance, Ranger-qualified Airmen may now wear their tab on their uniforms and more recognition is expected to come.
"We've just designed a special experience identifier that will come out on the 30th of April, 2015, and now we can tag Ranger-qualified individuals and use them where we actually need them," said Chief Master Sgt. Benjamin Del Mar, an Air Force Personnel Center chief of security forces enlisted assignments.
By Airman 1st Class Christian Clausen
432nd Wing/432nd Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs
Published October 28, 2014
Senior Airman Zachary Baldridge carries a fellow Airman back to the rest of the squad during a foot patrol during the Ranger Assessment Course Oct. 8, 2014, at Silver Flag Alpha range, Nev. Students are training for real-life situation during simulated ambushes and must use small unit tactics and work as team to neutralize the threat. Baldridge is a 20th Security Forces Squadron member from Shaw Air Force Base, S.C. (U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Christian Clausen)
Senior Airman Franklin Sloat returns fire with blanks during a simulated enemy ambush during a foot patrol as part of the Ranger Assessment Course Oct. 8, 2014, at Silver Flag Alpha range, Nev. During the foot patrol the students are ambushed and must work as a team to successfully neutralize the threat and prevent friendly casualties. Sloat is a 791st Missile Security Forces Squadron member at Minot Air Force Base, N.D. (U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Christian Clausen)
Ranger Assessment Course students conduct a foot patrol Oct. 10, 2014, at Silver Flag Alpha range, Nev. RAC is the first step for Airmen who want to go to U.S. Army Ranger School. About 80 percent of Airmen who graduate RAC and go to Ranger School complete it and receive the Ranger tab. (U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Christian Clausen)
A Ranger Assessment Course student is pushed into a pool as part of the combat water survival portion of RAC, Oct. 2, 2014, in Las Vegas. Before entering the water, students wear blacked out goggles and are spun three times before being blindly pushed into the pool by an instructor. (U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Christian Clausen)


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Offers and Pricing
Hosts of agrotouristic lodging Lesne Ranczo in Skupowo prepared accommodation for up to 12 people in:
- year-round self-contained cottage (up to 4 people);
- bedrooms with separated entrance in host's house (up to 8 people).
Agrotouristic lodging Lesne Ranczo in Skupowo prepared for guests:
1) year-round cottage (indoor chip):
- quadruple bedroom,
- fully equipped kitchenette,
- bathroom,
- arbor.
2) attic rooms with separated entrance in host's house:
- four double bedrooms,
- each bedroom has separated bathroom,
- TV in every room,
- access to fully equipped kitchenette (also with TV).
Additionally we als offer one day trips for nature enthusiast, with guide Mr Eugeniusz Dawidziuk, (phone 85 682 26 21; cell 505 103 374):
- Bialowieza Forest: Bialowieza, Hajnowka,
- Knyszynska Forest, Mielnicka Forest,
- Garden all over Bug River: Drohiczyn, Mielnik, Niemirow,
- Open Windows Trail,
- Tatar Trail: Kruszyniany, Krynki, Suprasl,
- Branicki's Trail: Bialystok, Tykocin,
- Old king's and private's towns: Bielsk Podlaski, Siemiatycze, Kleszczele, Zabludow,
- Podlasie Museum in Ciechanowiec
Price list:
- 250 PLN per house/day,
- 120 PLN for double rooms with access to kitchenette/day.


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We all know that NTR is doing a show called Big Boss on TV. The promos are also out and the latest we hear is that Vijayawada politician Jaleel Khan has been approached to be a part of the show.
These names have created a superb interest as it was Jaleel Khan who said the famous Bcom Lo Physics dialogue in an interview. With NTR hosting the show many celebs like Hema and few other stars from Tollywood are set to take the TRP of this show to another level.
We need to see who are the other celebs who will be taking part in this show.


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Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
Para la versión en español de este perfil de las demandas judiciales contra Texaco/Chevron por actividades en Ecuador, haga clic acá.
- US lawsuits
- Proceedings in Ecuador
- International arbitration proceedings
- US legal proceedings following Ecuadorian judgment
- Proceedings in Canada
- Proceedings in other countries
- International Criminal Court proceedings
United States lawsuits
In 1993, a group of Ecuadorian citizens of the Oriente region filed a class action lawsuit in US federal court against Texaco (Aguinda v. Texaco), and in 1994 a group of Peruvian citizens living downstream from the Oriente region also filed a class action lawsuit against Texaco in US federal court (Jota v. Texaco). Both complaints alleged that between 1964 and 1992 Texaco's oil operations polluted the rainforests and rivers in Ecuador and Peru, resulting in environmental damage and damage to the health of those who live in the region. Both lawsuits were dismissed by the US federal court in 2002 on forum non conveniens grounds (i.e., the court stated that Ecuador was a more appropriate venue for litigating these claims). In connection with the dismissal, Texaco agreed that courts in Ecuador and/or Peru would have jurisdiction over the plaintiffs' claims.
Proceedings in Ecuador
In 2003, a class action lawsuit was brought against Texaco (acquired by Chevron in 2001) in Ecuador alleging severe environmental contamination of the land where Texaco conducted its oil operation activities. The plaintiffs alleged that this contamination has led to increased rates of cancer as well as other serious health problems for the residents of the region. Judicial inspections of the allegedly contaminated sites commenced in August 2004. In early 2008, an independent expert recommended to the court that Chevron should pay $7-16 billion in compensation for the pollution. This expert increased his estimate of damages to $27 billion in November 2008. In 2008, Chevron reportedly lobbied the US Government to end trade preferences with Ecuador over this lawsuit. Following allegations of judicial misconduct, the original trial judge recused himself from the case and a new judge was appointed. Following a successful petition in US court to receive unused footage from the documentary "Crude", Chevron filed a petition with the court in August 2010 seeking to dismiss the lawsuit based on the company's assertion that certain parts of this footage show alleged fraud on the part of the plaintiffs. In September 2010, the plaintiffs submitted a new assessment of damages for the claims stating that the cost would be between $90 and $113 billion. In the same month, the judge concluded the evidentiary phase of the lawsuit. On 14 February 2011, the Ecuadorian judge issued a ruling against Chevron in the lawsuit. Chevron was ordered to pay $8.6 billion in damages and clean up costs, with the damages increasing to $18 billion if Chevron does not issue a public apology. Chevron indicated that it believes the ruling is "illegitimate" and "unenforceable", and it filed an appeal. On 3 January 2012 a panel of three judges from the Provincial Court of Justice of Sucumbios upheld the February 2011 ruling against Chevron. On 20 January 2012, Chevron appealed the decision with Ecuador's National Court of Justice. In March 2012, Chevron asked the Provincial Court of Justice for the fourth time to block the Ecuadorian Government from enforcing the $18 billion judgment against it. On 28 March 2012, the court ruled that Chevron was not entitled to use an order from the international arbitration tribunal, which asked Ecuador's Government to suspend the litigation, to block the plaintiffs from enforcing the judgment. In an effort to enforce the judgment, the Ecuadorian plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in Canada in May 2012 and one in Brazil in June 2012 targetting Chevron's assets in those countries. On 6 August 2012, the Ecuadorian court ruled that Chevron had until the end of the day to pay the $19 billion judgment. The award was increased in July 2012, after Judge Ortiz calculated various mandatory costs required by Ecuadorian law. In October 2012, the Ecuadorian court issued an order permitting the plaintiffs to seize about $200 million of Chevron's assets located in the country, in an effort to collect on the judgment against the company. On 12 November 2013, Ecuador Supreme Court upheld the August 2012 ruling against Texaco/Chevron for environmental damage but halved damages to $9.51 billion. On 27 June 2018, Chevron challenged the 2012 ruling of the Ecuador´s National Court of Justice in the Constitutional Court of Ecuador. On 10 July 2018, the Court upheld the $9.5 billion judgement against the company.
In September 2014, Chevron reportedly filed a claim against Woodsford Litigation Funding, which had financed lawyers working on enforcing the $9.5 billion Ecuadorian judgement against Chevron. Chevron claims the judgement was achieved by fraud and bribery.
International arbitration proceedings
In December 2006, and again in September 2009, Chevron filed an international arbitration claim before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague, alleging that the Government of Ecuador violated an US-Ecuador bilateral investment treaty. Chevron claimed that the Government of Ecuador violated international law by unduly influencing the judiciary and thereby compromising the judiciary's independence. In March 2010, the arbitration panel ruled that Ecuador's government had violated the bilateral investment treaty and international law by delaying rulings on the commercial dispute currently pending in Ecuador's courts. The Government of Ecuador and the plaintiffs in the Ecuadorian lawsuit filed a lawsuit in US federal court seeking an injunction barring Chevron from proceeding with arbitration under the bilateral investment treaty. The parties argued that due process rights in Ecuador would be denied should Chevron proceed with its arbitration.
In March 2010, the US court ruled that Chevron may pursue international arbitration in this case. The plaintiffs and Government of Ecuador have appealed this ruling. In an effort to prove its case, Chevron has sued in ten different US federal courts to try and obtain discovery documents from various consultants the plaintiffs engaged in the assessment of damages.
In February 2011, the international arbitration panel issued an Interim Measures Order in favour of Chevron ordering Ecuador to take all measures to suspend enforcement of the Ecuadorian judgment. In August 2011, the international arbitration tribunal awarded Chevron $96 million.
In February 2012, the arbitration panel met to review Ecuador's compliance with the Interim Measures Order. In February 2013, the arbitration tribunal ruled that Ecuador had not complied with the Interim Measures Order.
In March 2015, the arbitration tribunal held that the settlement between Chevron and Ecuador did not preclude residents from suing over the pollution in the future. The tribunal has yet to consider whether the issuing of the Ecuadorian judgment was in violation of the investment agreement with Texaco.
In January 2016, the international arbitration tribunal ruled in favour of Chevron over Ecuador being bound by the US-Ecuador investment agreement. Ecuador said it will appeal the decision.
In June 2016, The US Supreme Court declined to hear Ecuador's challenge to Chevron's arbitration award.
In July 2016, Ecuador indicated that it had executed the arbitrary decision and paid the $112 million ($96 million award plus interrests) compensation to Chevron.
On 30 August 2018, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague held Ecuador liable for "denying justice" to Chevron and violating the company's fundamental procedural rights, including the rights of defence, by allowing its courts to issue a $9.5 billion judgement against Chevron. The arbitration tribunal ruled that no part of the said judgement should be recognized or enforced by any State.
US legal proceedings following Ecuadorian judgment
Chevron filed a racketeering lawsuit against the plaintiffs' lawyers and representatives in US federal court on 1 February 2011. This lawsuit alleges that the plaintiffs' lawyers and representatives have conspired to extort up to $113 billion from Chevron through the Ecuadorian legal proceedings. In addition, Chevron obtained a temporary restraining order from a US federal judge, Lewis Kaplan, on 9 February 2011 enjoining the plaintiffs from attempting to enforce a judgment in the Ecuadorian legal proceedings in the United States. This temporary restraining order was extended in March 2011 and later appealed by the plaintiffs. Meanwhile, a US law firm has filed its own lawsuit against Chevron and Chevron's US legal counsel claiming that they have illegally interfered with its representation of the claimants in the legal proceedings.
On 19 September 2011, the US federal appeals court lifted the lower court's order preventing enforcement of the Ecuadorian judgment. The court also ordered a stay of the racketeering case that Chevron filed against the plaintiffs. On 29 November 2011, Chevron filed a pre-trial motion to seize assets of the Ecuadorian plaintiffs in the racketeering lawsuit. In January 2012, US federal judge rejected Chevron's request, stating it could be renewed at a later date.
On 5 January 2012, Chevron asked the US federal appeals court to restore the injunction enjoining the plaintiffs from enforcing the Ecuadorian judgment. On 19 January 2012, the court rejected Chevron's request. On 26 January 2012, explaining its previous decision, the court of appeals ruled that Judge Kaplan lacked authority to block the enforcement of the $18 billion judgment. On 15 May 2012, the district judge overseeing the racketeering lawsuit allowed for the racketeering claims to continue, while dismissing claims of fraud. In October 2012 the US Supreme Court refused to hear Chevron's appeal of the lower court's decision ruling that Judge Kaplan lacked authority to issue the injunction blocking enforcement of the Ecuadorian judgment.
In July-August 2013, US federal courts upheld subpoenas served by Chevron on Microsoft, Google and Yahoo! demanding private user information about environmental advocates, journalists, lawyers and others. Chevron sought this as part of its fraud lawsuit against certain Ecuadorian oil pollution plaintiffs and their lawyers.
In March 2014, Judge Kaplan ruled in favour of Chevron, and found that the lawyers for the Ecuadorian community had used fabricated evidence, made bribes and ghost-wrote court documents. The plaintiffs were therefore barred from collecting the $9.51 billion judgment because the "decision was obtained by corrupt means." The plaintiffs appealed arguing that the requirement that a US court recognizes a ruling of a foreign jurisdiction barred Chevron from challenging the judgement.
On 8 August 2016, a US court of appeals agreed with the lower court's ruling that the Ecuadorian community cannot collect the $9.5 billion Ecuadorian judgement on the basis that judgment was obtained by corrupt means. In April 2017, the lawyers for the Ecuadorian asked the US Supreme Court to overturn a lower court decision allowing Chevron to use the US Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act to try to block a foreign court judgement. On 19 June 2017, the US Supreme Court declined to hear the petition. This means that the lower court decision blocking the enforcement of the Ecuadorian award stands.
Canadian proceedings
In an effort to enforce the $9.51 billion Ecuadorian judgement, the Ecuadorian villagers filed a lawsuit in Canada in May 2012 targeting Chevron subsidiary's assets in this country. In September 2015, the Canadian Supreme Court confirmed jurisdiction of the Canadian courts to hear the case. In January 2017, the Ontario Superior Court decided that Chevron's Canada assets and shares could not be used to satisfy the claim, as it is a separate legal entity. However, the judge agreed to toss out some of Chevron's defence arguments concerning the Ecuadorian judgement. The plaintiffs filed an appeal.
In September 2017, the Canadian Court satisfied Chevron's request to order the Ecuadorian plaintiffs to post almost $1 million as security for costs of further proceedings. The court of appeal reversed this order ruling the case a matter of public interest litigation. Chevron was obliged to cover the costs incurred by the Ecuadorians of challenging the security order.
On 17 and 18 April 2018, the Ontario Court of Appeal heard Ecuadorian villagers' appeal asking to enforce $9.5 billion judgement against Chevron using the assets of its subsidiary in Canada. On 23 May 2018, the court upheld the January 2017 decision of the Ontario Superior Court, ruling that Chevron Canada cannot be held liable instead of the parent company. The plaintiffs appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. On 4 April 2019, the Canadian Supreme Court rejected the request to review the lower court decision.
Proceedings in other countries
In October 2017, attempts to enforce the case in Argentina were rejected for a lack of jurisdiction and connection to Argentina. In November, Brazil's Superior Court of Justice refused to enforce the decision on the same grounds. On 5 July 2018, the Argentine Appeals Court Rejects Ecuadorian Judgment against Chevron.
International Criminal Court proceedings
In October 2014, Ecuadorian communities made a complaint to International Criminal Court against Chevron CEO John Watson. The complaint alleged that decisions by Chevron and its high ranking officers to pollute the rainforest, and subsequently to evade remediation, constituted a crime against humanity. According to the letter received by the Chevron's lawyer in March 2015 from the ICC Office of the Prosecutor, the allegations described in the communication to the ICC by the Lago Agrio plaintiffs were outside the Court's jurisdiction. The alleged crimes, according to the ICC Prosecutor, did not appear to amount to the international crimes under the Court's jurisdiction, based on the available information. In addition, although the ICC recently declared its intent to address environmental abuses, the Court may only hear cases occurred after 1 July 2002, whereas the alleged abuse happened in the 1990s.
- "The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague Rules Against Ecuador, Favors Chevron", TeleSur, 7 Sep 2018
- "Top Ecuador court upholds $9 billion ruling against Chevron", ABC News USA, 11 Jul 2018
- "Chevron Ecuador Update: Argentine Court Rejects Fraudulent Ecuadorian Judgment Against Chevron", , Oakland News Now, 5 July 2018
- "Supreme Court May Weigh Big Weapon for U.S. Companies Sued Abroad", Paul Barrett, Bloomberg Business Week, 16 May 2017
- "ICC Won't Prosecute Chevron", Lachlan Markay, Washington Free Beacon, 2 Apr 2015
- "Ecuador court deals Chevron fresh blow in pollution case", Reuters, 16 Oct 2012
- "Chevron fails to squelch $19 billion Ecuador verdict", Paul Barrett Bloomberg Businessweek, 9 Oct 2012
- "Chevron Faces Midnight Deadline in $19 Billion Ecuador Judgment", Environment News Service, 6 Aug 2012
- "Ecuador plaintiffs target Chevron's assets in Brazil", Eduardo Garcia, Reuters, 28 Jun 2012
- "Ecuador plainitffs file lawsuit in Canada against Chevron", Eduardo Garcia, Reuters, 30 May 2012
- "Chevron Gets Some Claims Dismissed From Ecuador Lawsuit (Update 2)", Patricia Hurtado, Bob Van Voris, Bloomberg 15 May 2012
- "Ecuadorian panel again squashes Chevron motion to block judgment", Jessica M. Karmasek, Legal Newsline, 2 Apr 2012
- "Ecuadoreans Blast 'Secret' Hague Tribunal Convened for Chevron", Adam Klasfeld, Courthouse News Service, 10 Feb 2012
- "Circuit Faults Use of State Law to Block Chevron Judgment", Mark Hamblett, New York Law Journal, 27 Jan 2012
- "Ecuador Update: One Door Shuts, Another Opens, and Chevron Lists Its Law Firms—All 39 of Them", Michael D. Goldhaber, Am Law Daily, 24 Jan 2012
- "Chevron Appeals Ruling In Ecuadorian Court", Dow Jones Newswires, 20 Jan 2012
- "So much for Plan B: Kaplan denies Chevron attachment motion", Alison Frankel, Reuters, 6 Jan 2012
- "Reversal of Fortune", Patrick Radden Keefe, New Yorker, 9 Jan 2012 [subscription only]
- "Chevron to fight Ecuador ruling", Naomi Mapstone, Financial Times, 6 Jan 2012
- "Chevron Bid to Dismiss $18 Billion Judgment Rejected in Ecuador Court", Karen Gullo & Mark Chediak, Bloomberg, 4 Jan 2012
- [Español] "Corte de Ecuador ratifica fallo contra petrolera Chevron", Reuters, 3 Jan 2012
- "U.S. court rules against Chevron in Ecuador case", David R. Baker, San Francisco Chronicle, 20 Sep 2011
- [Español] "Corte de EEUU apoya a Ecuador en cuantioso juicio contra Chevron", AP, 19 Sep 2011
- "Ecuador: finally, the polluter is commanded to pay", Independent, 16 Feb 2011
- "Chevron Fined $8.6 Billion in Epic Environmental Case", Frank Bajak & Gonzalo Solano, Associated Press, 15 Feb 2011
- "Federal Judge Blocks Enforcement of Likely Judgment Against Chevron", Mark Hamblett, New York Law Journal, 9 Feb 2011
- "Law firm fires back at Chevron in Ecuador case", Dan Levine, Reuters, 8 Feb 2011
- "Year 18 of Ecuador vs. Chevron Pollution Dispute", Michael D. Goldhaber, American Lawyer, 23 Sep 2010
- "Chevron keeps up pressure in Ecuador suit", David R. Baker, San Francisco Chronicle, 7 Sep 2010
- "Chevron wins an Ecuador claim, awaits major ruling", Braden Reddall, Reuters, 30 Mar 2010
-"Texaco Toxic Past Haunts Chevron as Judgment Looms", Michael Smith & Karen Gullo, Bloomberg, 30 Dec 2008
- "Chevron Estimate for Amazon Damages Rises by $11 Billion", Karen Gullo, Bloomberg, 27 Nov 2008
- "A $16 Billion Problem", Michael Isikoff, Newsweek, 26 Jul 2008
- [Español] "Nueve ecuatorianos demandan a Texaco", Olga Imbaquingo, Diario el Comercio [Ecuador], 26 abril 2006
- "Amazon Indians Say Texaco Left Damage", Gonzalo Solano, Associated Press, 20 Oct 2005
- "Chevron Trial Opens", Alan Zibel, Oakland Tribune, 21 Oct 2003
- "Brazil's High Court Rejects Attempt to Enforce Fraudulent Ecuadorian Judgment Against Chevron", 30 Nov 2017
- "Argentine Court Rejects Attempt to Enforce Fraudulent Ecuadorian Judgment Against Chevron", 1 Nov 2017
- "Canadian Court Rejects Attempt to Enforce Fraudulent Ecuadorian Judgment Against Chevron Subsidiary", 20 Jan 2017
- "Chevron response to U.S. Court of Appeals decision", 22 Aug 2016
- "U.S. Appeals Court Affirms RICO Judgment Against Lawyer Behind Fraudulent Ecuador Lawsuit", 8 Aug 2016
- "Chevron Statement on United States Second Circuit Court of Appeals Order", 19 Sep 2011
- The Amazon Post
- "Ecuador Lawsuit - Facts about Chevron and Texaco in Ecuador"
- "Ecuador Lawsuit - Press Releases"
- "History of Texaco and Chevron in Ecuador" [includes links to US court decisions, certain filings by Texaco and status of Ecuadorian proceedings]
- [Español] "Texaco en Ecuador" [incluye enlaces a decisiones judiciales en los EEUU, varios documentos de Texaco y el estado actual de los procedimientos en Ecuador – material sólo en inglés]
Amazon Defense Coalition [NGO supporting plaintiffs]:
- "Step Towards Justice in Chevron Ecuador Contamination Case"
- "Chevron's $27 Billion Catastrophe"
- "Press Releases"
- "Key Documents & Court Filings from Aguinda Legal Team"
- "Communication to Office of the Prosecutor, ICC", Pablo Fajardo Mendoza & Eduardo Bernabé Toledo
- Earthrights International [filed brief in support of plaintiffs in the US proceedings]: "Amicus Brief in Jota v. Texaco and Aguida v. Texaco"
Court Documents
- Yaiguaje v. Chevron Corporation, Court of Appeal for Ontario, 23 May 2018
- Chevron Corporation and Texaco Petroleum Corporation v. The Republic of Ecuador, Second Partial Award on Track II, The Permanent Court of Arbitration, 30 Aug 2018
- Letter from the Office of the Prosecutor to R. Doak Bishop, Chevron's lawyer, International Criminal Court, 16 March 2015
- [Español] Fallo de la Corte Provincial de Justicia de Sucumbíos en el caso Maria Aguida y Otros, Corte Provincial de Justicia de Sucumbíos, 15 octubre 2012
- [Español] Fallo de la Corte Provincial de Justicia de Sucumbíos en el caso Maria Aguida y Otros contra Chevron Corporation, Corte Provincial de Justicia de Sucumbíos, 28 marzo 2012
- Chevron Corporation v Camacho Naranjo, et al- Order, US Court of Appeal for the Second Circuit, 19 Jan 2012
- [Español] Juez ponente: Dr. Milton Toral Zevallos - Corte provincial de justicia de Sucumbíos, Sala única de la corte provincial de justicia de Sucumbíos, 3 de enero 2012
- Provincial Court of Justice of Sucumbios, 3 Jan 2012 [English translation of appeals court decision]
- Chevron Corporation v Steven Donziger et al - Memorandum Opinion, US District Court Southern District of New York, 6 Jan 2012
- Chevron's appeal to Chief Judge of Sucumbios Provincial Court, 21 Mar 2011
- Chevron Corporation v. Camacho Naranjo, et al. - Summary Order, US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 19 Sep 2011
- [Español] Juez ponente: AB. Nicolas Zambrano Lozada - Corte Provincial de Justicia Sucumbíos, Corte Provincial de Justicia Sucumbíos [Ecuador], 14 de febrero de 2011 [Fallo completo en el caso por daños ambientales contra Chevron]
- Provincial Court of Sucumbios - Judgment of Case No. 2003-0002, 14 Feb 2011 [English translation of decision issued by the Provincial Court of Sucumbios, Ecuador]
All components of this story
Chevron Held Not Accountable for Massive Pollution in Ecuador
Author: EFE (Spain)
Chevron Corp. hailed a District Court of The Hague ruling in favor of the U.S. energy supermajor in its legal battle with Ecuador, which had sought to nullify arbitral rulings handed down against the country in connection with a multi-billion-dollar pollution judgment.
"Today's decision reinforces the integrity of the arbitral proceedings and ensures that Ecuador will be held accountable for violations of its international commitments," the…company said in a statement…
…It noted that the arbitration court also found in February 2013 that the Ecuadorian government had violated international law by finalizing and failing to prevent enforcement of 2011 and 2012 pollution verdicts against Chevron handed down by courts in the northeastern Ecuadorian city of Lago Agrio (also known as Nueva Loja).
Ecuador's National Court of Justice upheld that verdict in November 2013, ruling in favor of rainforest communities and ordering Chevron to pay a $9.5 billion penalty…The Ecuadorian plaintiffs have unsuccessfully sought to collect on the verdict through international legal action. [Also refers to Petroecuador]
This Epic Environmental Lawsuit Just Got a Bit More Complicated
Author: Eva Hershaw, Vice News
More than a year and a half ago, a US District Court judge in New York ruled against attorney Steven Donziger, accusing him, his legal team, and Ecuadorean villagers of racketeering and fraud in a legal case that ended in a $9.5 billion ruling against Chevron for polluting the Amazon. Now, Donziger's legal team has filed a motion with a US Appellate Court, asking judges to consider "extraordinary developments" that they believe could exonerate their client…"New developments cast grave doubt on the truth of those fraud allegations," Deepak Gupta, the lawyer representing Donziger, wrote in the motion…"The 500-page district court ruling details the extensive evidence of misconduct…," said Morgan Crinklaw, a spokesman for Chevron. "[The motion] is yet another attempt to distract attention from his misconduct and distort the record," he added.
Latest twist in Chevron-Ecuador fight focuses on key witness
Author: Nicole Hong, Wall Street Journal Law Blog
The plaintiffs' lawyer who lost a major court battle last year against Chevron Corp…is making his latest legal bid by notifying an appeals court that a key witness who testified for the oil giant wasn't telling the truth. A brief recap first: in 2011, after years of litigation, a court in Ecuador found Chevron liable for environmental damage in Ecuador and awarded…$9.5 billion to the villagers who sued the company. Chevron refused to pay and instead sued New York lawyer Steven Donziger, who led the villagers' legal team, accusing him of obtaining the award through bribery and corruption. After a civil trial in Manhattan, a federal district judge last year sided with Chevron, determining that the award was tainted by fraud…That verdict is currently on appeal with the 2nd Circuit, and Mr. Donziger has denied wrongdoing.
What you Think you Know About Chevron and Steven Donziger is Wrong
Author: Marco Simons, EarthRights International (USA)
Recently, a fellow lawyer asked me if Steven Donziger was going to jail. Donziger, the New York lawyer who doggedly pursued Chevron for its contamination of the Ecuadorian Amazon and helped win a multi-billion-dollar verdict in Ecuador, was found to have participated in racketeering. A federal court found that he was involved in a scheme to bribe an Ecuadorian judge…For many years, ERI has supported Ecuadorian communities' efforts to force Texaco, now Chevron, to cleanup the mess that it left behind after years of operations in the Amazon. ERI has never represented the Ecuadorian plaintiffs, but we have served as amicus, defended activists who support the Ecuadorians, and consulted with the Ecuadorians' lawyers from time to time. This case has been without a doubt one of the most talked-about cases to date.
Chevron's "star" witness admits to lying in US lawsuit over company's oil pollution in Ecuador
Author: Eva Hershaw, Vice News (USA)
"Chevron's Star Witness Admits to Lying in the Amazon Pollution Case", 26 Oct 2015
In March of last year…[a] New York federal judge, Lewis Kaplan, ruled that a $9.5 billion Lago Agrio judgment leveled against the company by the small Andean country's highest court, was obtained by way of fraud and coercion…The case largely hung on Chevron's star witness, Alberto Guerra, a former Ecuadorean judge who has admitted to receiving substantial amounts of money and other benefits to cooperate with Chevron…But in testimony given before the international tribunal, released today by the government of Ecuador…Guerra has now admitted that there is no evidence to corroborate allegations of a bribe or a ghostwritten judgment, and that large parts of his sworn testimony, used by Kaplan in the RICO case to block enforcement of the ruling against Chevron, were exaggerated and, in other cases, simply not true…"These transcripts make clear that Chevron proved its case before the International Arbitration Tribunal," said Morgan Crinklaw, spokesperson for Chevron. "Witness and expert testimony confirmed that the Ecuadorian judgment against Chevron was ghostwritten by Steven Donziger and his team and that the Ecuadorian government is responsible for any further remediation."…
- Related stories: Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
- Related in-depth areas: Latest Legal News
- Related companies: Chevron Texaco (part of Chevron)
New documents show intl. arbitration panel visited Ecuador to inspect evidence of oil pollution by Chevron
Author: Eva Hershaw, Vice News (USA)
"There Is Persistent Contamination at Former Chevron Sites in the Amazon", 19 Oct 2015
New documents are breathing fresh air into a two decade legal battle entangling oil giant Chevron with the people and government of Ecuador…In 2009, Chevron initiated international arbitration against the Ecuadorian government under the US-Ecuador Bilateral Investment Treaty. The first documents from the international tribunal, released today by the Ecuadorian government…detail an unprecedented trip made by the three-member arbitration panel to the Lago Agrio region following an invitation by Ecuadorian authorities. Chevron warned against the visit to Ecuador, claiming that the documentation of environmental pollution was irrelevant in a case they hope will prove that the original judgement was the result of a fraudulent judicial process…[D]espite whatever evidence of oil contamination, the company says it is no longer its responsibility. A company representative contends that they have upheld their end of the 1998 settlement agreement, including remediation, which relinquishes it of any liability…Chevron argues that the Ecuadorian government released it of any environmental liability in 1998, but in a preliminary ruling issued in 2013, the tribunal said the agreement did not release Chevron from individual private claims against the company…
- Related stories: Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
- Related in-depth areas: Latest Legal News Latest news on ISDS
- Related companies: Chevron
Le Président équatorien appelle à la mise en place d'un traité sanctionnant les entreprises multinationales ne respectant pas les droits de l'homme
Author: El Ciudadano (Equateur)
« A l'ONU, l'Equateur propose un traité contraignant sanctionnant les multinationales fragilisant les droits de l'homme », 29 septembre 2015
Lors de la session de la soixante-dixième Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies, le Président Rafael Correa a appelé les pays du monde à mettre en place un traité contraignant sanctionnant les entreprises multinationales fragilisant les droits de l'homme. Le Chef de l'Etat a présenté à la tribune de l'ONU le cas de pollution générée par le géant pétrolier Chevron –Texaco dans l'Amazonie équatorienne où des milliers d'indigènes en subissent encore les conséquences…Chevron avait passé plus de dix ans à se battre pour que le procès ait lieu en Equateur et non aux Etats-Unis. Mais lorsque le verdict rendu lui a été défavorable et a été accompagné d'une amende en millions de dollars à verser aux communautés indigènes, la multinationale s'est attelée à mener une campagne de diffamation internationale contre l'Equateur…[I]l a exhorté les Nations Unies à ce que soit rédigé un traité protégeant les citoyens et les Etats face aux attaques des multinationales…
- Related stories: Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
- Related in-depth areas: Articles, initiatives et commentaires Dernières infos sur un traité contraignant
- Related companies: Chevron
Lawyer for Ecuadorian victims of Chevron oil pollution calls Canadian Supreme Court decision to hear the case "a great triumph"
Author: James North, Huffington Post (USA)
"Ecuadorean Rainforest Communities Continue Their Long Fight Against Chevron", 25 Sep 2015
…For more than two decades, 30,000 poor farmers…have campaigned for environmental justice against the Chevron corporation, which they accuse of polluting vast stretches of their territory. On September 4, Canada's high court ruled unanimously that the Ecuadoreans can put the American oil giant on trial in Toronto, in an effort to seize $9.5 billion in damages from its Canadian subsidiary…Pablo Fajardo, the 42-year-old lead attorney for the 30,000 plaintiffs…called the Canadian decision "a great triumph,"…But, he cautioned: "No one here is celebrating anything. There is happiness, because we have more hope, but we are conscious that Chevron is very powerful and we have a lot more work ahead of us to win this long battle."...The Canada court decision also has broader implications worldwide. If the 30,000 Ecuadorean farmers do win in the end, they will have set an inspiring example, showing that environmental justice across borders is possible even against a colossus like Chevron…
- Related stories: Canadian Supreme Court rules Ecuadorian plaintiffs can sue Chevron to enforce Ecuadorian oil pollution judgment Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
- Related in-depth areas: Latest Legal News
- Related companies: Chevron Texaco (part of Chevron)
Canadian Supreme Court sets precedent in allowing plaintiffs to seek enforcement of Ecuadorian oil pollution judgement against Chevron in Canada
Author: Joyce Nelson, Counter Punch (USA)
"Ecuador vs. Chevron, By Way of Canada", 16 Sep 2015
…Canada's Supreme Court ruled on September 4th that Ecuadorian villagers can seek to enforce an Ecuadorian legal judgment in Canada for $9.5 billion against Chevron Corporation for polluting the Amazon rainforest. The plaintiffs were successful in arguing that since Chevron owns at least $15 billion worth of assets in Canada…they can pursue the case in Ontario courts…Chevron Corp. argued that its Canadian assets don't belong to the parent company, but to a subsidiary called Chevron Canada Ltd. But the high court rejected the company's arguments…Chevron denies liability for the contamination, saying the pollution was cleaned up after Texaco pulled out of Ecuador in 1992. The company also asserts that the Ecuadorian government released the company from further responsibility, and Chevron calls the case "the legal fraud of the century"…The ruling weakens the so-called 'corporate veil' that has shielded subsidiaries from responsibility for the actions of their corporate parents…[T]he Supreme Court ruling has set an important historical precedent, with potentially far-reaching implications.
- Related stories: Canadian Supreme Court rules Ecuadorian plaintiffs can sue Chevron to enforce Ecuadorian oil pollution judgment Texaco/Chevron lawsuits (re Ecuador)
- Related in-depth areas: Latest Legal News
- Related companies: Chevron Texaco (part of Chevron)
Le Canada ouvre ses tribunaux aux victimes équatoriennes de Chevron
Author: Olivier Petitjean, Observatoire des multinationales (France)
C'est une nouvelle étape importante dans la bataille juridique internationale que se livrent Chevron et les communautés de l'Amazonie équatorienne qui continuent à subir au quotidien les impacts de ses activités pétrolières. La multinationale américaine a toujours refusé de reconnaître sa responsabilité dans la dévastation environnementale et le drame humain occasionnés par les forages de sa filiale Texaco. Condamné en 2013 à une amende historique par un tribunal équatorien, Chevron refuse de se soumettre à la sentence…[L]a Cour suprême canadienne a décidé à l'unanimité que les victimes équatoriennes pouvaient chercher à faire exécuter la sentence au Canada. Une première…Il ne s'agit pas encore d'une reconnaissance de la validité du jugement équatorien sur le fond (la procédure va se poursuivre), mais d'une reconnaissance de la possibilité juridique de poursuivre Chevron au Canada pour faire appliquer cette sentence. Cela pourrait sembler aller de soi. Mais dans les faits, les multinationales comme Chevron parviennent le plus souvent à faire valoir la séparation juridique entre la maison-mère et ses filiales dans les différents pays (en l'occurrence entre la société mère en Californie et sa filiale Chevron Canada) pour échapper à ce type de poursuites…


text:
The Sterling Trucks National Championship trophies remain in familiar hands this evening (Sunday) after both Lisa Aitken and Alan Clyne retained their titles at Edinburgh Sports Club.
It was a sixth successive national title for Clyne and a remarkable ninth overall whilst Aitken was also celebrating back-to-back titles.
Lisa's victory continues her rich vein of form which has seen her land three PSA Tour titles since mid-December and secure notable scalps at the world's biggest events, including the Tournament of Champions and the 2019 World Championships.
She was strong favourite going into the event but showed no sign of nerves in Sunday's final, beating Alison Thomson 11-3, 11-3, 11-4 on court five in a repeat of the 2018 gold medal match.
Lisa beat Carrie Hallam (5) 11-3, 11-5, 11-6 in Saturday's semi-final and didn't drop a game throughout the tournament.
Second seed Alison Thomson was too strong for Georgia Adderley (3) in their semi-final, winning 13-11, 11-9, 11-9.
After the final, Aitken said: "I was very pleased to get the win because the nationals is one I look forward to on the calendar and it's a really important tournament to win.
"It brings a slightly different pressure and excitement compared to a PSA event, especially when, on paper, you're expected to win.
"As I have noticed against playing the very top players recently, you can switch off for a second and the game can be gone.
"So in this final I wanted to focus as if every point was a clean slate.
"I was solid throughout, playing how I wanted to play and not letting the nerves get the better of me."
Scotland's number one was equally delighted with the high number of females competing in this year's nationals which she felt added to the occasion.
"Turning up and seeing so many Scottish players in a tournament is great," she enthused.
"You will always get a great atmosphere at ESC but it really makes a difference for me seeing Scottish players of all ages competing here.
"I also want to set a good example for the young ones and be a role model but if they are not around and learning from you then that's harder.
"So it has been great this weekend to be around all the junior players. Growing up I didn't really have any females to look up to and ask questions but having been around players from other countries, I realise how important it is to be that person."
She added: "Kylie Lindsay (Senior Performance Coach) has come in at Scottish Squash and done fantastically to engage with the females, be that girls, mums or Masters' players and encouraged them to get more involved at national level, not just at their clubs."
Meanwhile, Georgia Adderley sealed bronze after beating Carrie Hallam in the 3/4 play-off – 8-11, 11-2, 11-5, 11-6.
With Greg Lobban in such great form and at a career high world ranking of 27 going into the men's event, defending champion Alan Clyne was second seed this year.
However he produced some impressive squash on his way to the final, particularly impressing in Saturday's 11-9, 11-1, 11-7 semi-final victory over Stuart George.
Clyne continued the momentum heading into Sunday, eventually getting the better of his 2016 World Championship winning doubles partner in three tight games.
The final lasted 77 minutes on court five with Clyne prevailing 11-8, 15-13, 12-10.
He said: "I am proud to be Scottish so to have the national title for another year is great.
"It's always an aim for the season because the national championships have a lot of prestige attached to it.
"I was happy with my performance, Greg is a great player and playing really well at the moment.
"You go in against him knowing it's going to be a tough match and I was really delighted to get title number nine.
"The second and third games could have gone either way so I was happy to sneak through them and get it done in three.
"I was pleased with my length and managed to contain Greg quite well and my straight game was pretty good as well."
He added: "I don't think I played the senior nationals until I was about 18 but to have so many youngsters competing in the men's and women's draw this year was great.
"It shows we are working hard to get a lot more players involved in the sport in Scotland."
Rory Stewart (4) sealed bronze in the men's event courtesy of victory over Stuart George (3) in the 3/4 play-off, 17-15, 11-1, 11-5.
2019 Sterling Trucks National Championships, full results, click here.
Springfield Scottish Squash Open – Tickets now on general sale!
To purchase tickets, click here.


text: David Schmitt <email@example.com> schrieb: > On Tuesday 25 January 2005 04:51, Sam Watkins wrote: >> Dosage / mainline has a feature to download all supported comics, so it >> is quite possible for someone (perhaps a child) to stumble across this >> one by accident, as I did. Probably nearly everyone who tries dosage >> will want to see the range of comics available. > > While I am aware that this is another quality, I just want to point out, that > fortunes has mitigated this risk by splitting off the offensive fortunes into > a sperate package. Good idea. dosage went even a step further: It doesn't include any of those comics at all. So where's the problem? Regards, Frank -- Frank Küster Inst. f. Biochemie der Univ. Zürich Debian Developer


text:
A Taste for Sin
Gil Brewer
A Berkley Original
I stopped the Volks in front of the house on Grove.
It was a small place, white with gray trim, set on a green
lawn among elms and pines.
I took the bill and the two bottles of Martell's cognac, and
moved up the walk. There were three antiquated red brick
steps and a small stoop with wrought iron rails. I used the
brass knocker; a clown's head. Appropriate?
I'd waited a long time to get this close to Felice Anderson. I
wondered what would happen. There was something going
between us. She had a husband, George, who was the
assistant cashier at the Allayne City Trust Bank. So far that
hadn't mattered, the way we'd looked at each other when she
came to the store to order booze.
The door opened.
"Well, Mr. Phalen. You finally got here."
She smiled. "If I call you Jim, you'll have to call me Felice."
Neither of us was fooling the other with this crap.
"A deal."
She was in smooth soft white belted tightly at the waist. A
slim waist. George Anderson was maybe forty-five, Felice
maybe eighteen. One of those things. She could balance your
libido with her eyes.
"Come in," she said. "I'll pay you for that."
She had a curiously flat, unassuming voice, with a faint lisp.
I went in.
I got a whiff of her perfume. I'd had it before, at the store. It
was something. I'd done a lot of hard thinking about. Felice
Anderson. We just plain weren't strangers, and we both knew
it. But there was a glass wall between us.
We were in the living room. She smiled again, broad lips
parting, revealing perfect white teeth. She closed the door.
Smooth velvet black hair tumbled down the middle of her
back, to between her shoulder blades. It was wild looking,
brushed to a sheen. Maybe she licked it like a cat. I wanted to
sink my fingers into it. She had Spanish in her, you could tell.
Probably both her mother and father. The look was all through
her. I got an ache. She was the complete opposite of Jinny; the
old nightmare I couldn't rid myself of.
"Good to see you, Jim."
All right, I thought. Hit her with it.
"I'd like to see you naked with a rose in your teeth."
Somewhere a clock ticked.
She gave a short laugh.
"Be right with you, Jim."
She walked down a hallway, white high heels ringing. She
wore sheer black nylons. Her behind was a round personal
"Take those bottles into the kitchen," she called.
The front room took in the front of the house, maybe twenty-five
feet. It was furnished with heavy dark rattan, thick, soggy
cushions with a flower design on them. There were a couple of
bad prints on the walls, some monk's cloth draperies, and
thick red rag rugs on the hardwood floor.
In the same house with her, alone, it was something.
I went down the hall, glanced to the left. She was in a
bedroom. I saw her face in the mirror of a dressing table, as
she opened a purse. She smiled at me in the mirror. Her face
was heart-shaped, with high round cheek bones. Her eyes
were black.
"The kitchen, Jim."
I went into the kitchen; modern with lots of stainless steel,
cream paint, red curtains. I put the bottles on the table and
wiped my hands on my pants. I wanted a cigarette.
Oh, you bitch, I thought. You Spanish bitch.
She came into the kitchen.
"How much?"
I looked at the bill and told her.
"Here you go, on the button."
You bitch, I thought. I pocketed the money. We stood there.
"Let's have a drink," she said.
"All right"
It was a goddamned game. That sheet of glass was still
"What'll you have, brandy or beer?"
"Beer. It's been kind of warm."
She opened the refrigerator. In a moment, we stood sipping
from tall delicate Pilsner glasses. Sun slanted through rear
windows. Green limbs of elm shadowed. I was beginning to
sweat. Then I saw something. She'd had on a brassiere when
I'd come, now she didn't. They stuck out lush and big and
proud and the nipples showed through the white dress.
"Let's go in the other room."
We went into the living room and stood there.
She said, "You haven't been in Allayne long."
My husband, George, working at the bank and all… I see a
lot of you, Jim, right across the street, that way." it was
something between a lisp and a hiss. "Yeah."
"We hardly know each other, really," she said. "Do we?"
"How you look at it."
She covered that with a sip of beer.
"I kept an eye out for you today," I said. "It's better
to phone in, though."
My beer was finished.
The Happytime Liquor Store," Felice said. "That's a real
good name. You like working there?"
I gave a grunt.
She motioned me to follow her with a long red-tipped finger.
Across the room against the wall was a walnut cabinet with
small leaded glass windows. She opened the doors. The
shelves were loaded with bottles and glasses. I counted
sixteen bottles of Marten's cognac. She closed the doors.
You could hear the mid-May afternoon, the sunlight the
shade. The clock ticked.
"Does that answer any question in your mind, Jim?"
"I think so."
She took my glass and set both glasses on top of the
cabinet. Then she looked at me again. The top button on her
dress had come undone from the movement of her arm. The
twin thrusting mounds filled under my gaze.
She spoke more from the throat. "I lie awake nights a lot
ever since you came to work at The Happytime, six months
ago. I feel we've known each other a long time. Frankly, I
watch you every chance I get. You're awfully big, and kind of
ugly but…"
"It's the same with me. Only you're not ugly."
Perspiration dewed her upper lip. Her eyes were black. She
rubbed her palms against her thighs.
"I wanted to be absolutely certain how you felt," she said.
My throat was thick. "We both feel the same."
I took a step toward her.
"No," she said. "You've got to leave now"
She stepped past me. She ran her hand up my chest and
around the back of my neck. It was like fire. But she kept
walking to the door.
She opened the door.
"Don't say a word, Jim."
My heart socked against my ribs like a distance swimmer
who'd just grabbed the float.
"Why'd you call the damn store? You knew I'd make the
"I told you. I wanted to be sure."
"You've got to leave, now I mean it"
I stared at her.
She said, "Now, go—God damn you—go!"
"Will I see you?"
"What the hell do you think?"
I went outside. She was closing the door. One eye and her
red lips showed.
"So long, Jim—for now."
I grabbed the edge of the door. "You black-eyed bitch." I let
go of the door. It closed with a polite snick.
In my mind there was the sound of broken glass.
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text:
Unlocking data value through understanding
Data, like technology, has no value if it's not understood. Data provides valuable information, which can be used profitably - if you know what you're looking for.
This is according to Richard Mullins, MD, MEA, Acceleration, who says that data, for most organisations, provides insight into particular areas that could grow the business and help identify specific customer needs, proving valuable to both the business and the customer.
Mullins notes that many local organisations do not know how to get the information they want, or which technologies are available to help them obtain it. Organisations are simply not aware of where to go and what questions to ask, which would enable them to establish what solutions and technologies exist to help them achieve specific outcomes, Mullins says.
Organisations are still using many procedures to achieve their goals, while their international counterparts have noted that there are organisations that, at a premium, will provide them with the information they require to achieve specific, and not general, outcomes; this is where the value of business intelligence (BI) and data as a commodity lie, according to Mullins.
This is especially true in the publishing industry, for example, where most publishers are struggling to monetise online operations; current advertising revenues are under pressure; and audiences are reluctant to pay for content, he notes. However, with the right BI tools, they would be able to track user activity and streamline operations, increasing efficiency, he says.
"Organisations need to re-evaluate both their business models and technology infrastructure in order to capitalise on the opportunities that exist in this area," he says.
Mullins is a speaker at the ITWeb Business Intelligence Summit and Awards, taking place at The Forum, in Bryanston, on 28 and 29 February. He will address ways in which various industries can unlock the hidden value of their data.
To find out more about the event, click here. Award winners join the likes of last year's winners, Engen and SARS; and nominations close on 30 January.


text:
Currency Exchange in Waterloo
For visitors and Waterloo locals, the area offers plenty of options to exchange US dollars. Whether you're planning a trip to the US or bringing funds from the USA to Canada, Waterloo has no shortage of places to get it done. However, a common mistake made in Waterloo and nationwide is to look to one's local bank to exchange currency fairly. Instead, it's advisable to entrust exchange to a qualified, dedicated currency exchange company.
At Knightsbridge Foreign Exchange, we have years of experience providing our clients with the most convenient exchange at the lowest rates. Any standard bank needs to cover high overhead costs. They can also count on their own clients to blindly request currency exchange. More and more, savvier customers are finding that their own banks regularly charge unreasonable fees for basic transactions. Unfortunately, currency exchange is no exception. Since banks already have potential clients in their lobbies, they don't need to "win you over" for their currency exchange services. They don't expect you to shop around. As a result, they can – and often do – charge sky-high fees for exchanging currency.
Where to Exchange Currency in Waterloo
As a major technology and start-up hub within Canada, Waterloo like many mid-size and larger cities in Canada provides a number of different options for money exchange services. Whether you're looking to buy or sell US dollars or looking for more exotic currencies, Waterloo has a number of options for you.
Best Currency Exchange Waterloo
Getting the best currency exchange in Waterloo is all about shopping around and getting the best rates possible. Remember that in this digital age, you are not simply limited to your local physical options. More and more companies are moving their operations online and reducing their overhead costs and are able to pass the savings onto their customers. These companies are able to offer much better rates than banks or local retail operations. Though, with any online service, it is important to do your research to ensure that they are a legitimate company. If you're hesitant about using an online service, make sure to shop around at your local options to get the best rates.
Instead of wasting money and time, we recommend taking your business to a reliable exchange company. Our own company has a long history of leaving customers satisfied. In fact, our clients regularly save significant dollars by exchanging with us instead of their banks. Compared with the mile-high fees of major banks like RBC or ScotiaBank, we can often save you between 2.5 and 3.0%. If you're making a large exchange, those small percentage points can add up surprisingly fast and result in big dollars.
If you don't just want to take our word for it, we encourage you to check for yourself. Give your own bank a call and ask them about the fees that they charge to exchange currency. Write down the exact currency exchange that they quote. Next, talk to us. Let us find out together how much money we can save you.
About Waterloo
Waterloo is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, together with Kitchener and Cambridge. Popularly known as "the Loo" or "Tri-City" (together with Kitchener and Cambridge), Waterloo is home to two universities and has a considerable high-tech and insurance sector. Among the most notable high-tech companies based in Waterloo is BlackBerry and Kik Messenger. Places of note in Waterloo include the Canadian clay and Glass Gallery, the Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex and the Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games. While the high-tech and insurance sectors overshadow the banking industry in Waterloo, there are still plenty of banking options for locals and visitors. It is possible to find branches of all of the major Canadian banks as well as some internationally held companies, including RBC Royal Bank, TD Canada Trust, the BMO Bank of Montreal and more.
Call us anytime at 1-877-355-5239 for a no-obligation quote. Our representatives are ready to show you exactly how you can proceed from there. Or if you prefer, simply fill out and submit the following form. We'll provide you all the information you need about exchanging currency in Waterloo.
To find other cities serviced by Knightsbridge please visit the Currency Exchange in Canada page.


text:
The last painting, "St. Gertrude, Patron Saint of Cats," has found me less sure-footed than usual. I went from this….
To this…..
To this…..
….all in less than a week. The wonkiness of the face in the original painting bothered me, but since I didn't know why, I wasn't confident about fixing it. All my usual tricks (holding the piece up to a mirror, hauling out the ruler, masking off one side, then the other etc.) led to nothing. I'm not sure I've ever experienced this before but maybe there's a lesson in it. When a piece only comes together by finding its own way, you just have to let it. The original painting is more serene and icon-like, an impersonal Kore statue from ancient Greece rather than an individual person. The new one is younger, more vulnerable, more fully present and absolutely human. I've lost a goddess but gained a very sweet and strange person. Welcome St. Gertrude, patron saint of cats.


text:
Return to Gasx3/Poll Post Board Homepage
Name: Shattered
Subject: RE: Bono suffers 'complete loss of voice' (NSC)
Date: Sunday, September 02, 2018
Time: 5:34:14 AM
Remote Address: 22.214.171.124
Message ID: 317327
Parent ID: 317326
Thread ID: 317326
Man that has to really suck when an act has to postpone or cancel a show. I feel for U2, and the audience.
A few years ago Pete Townsend came out to the stage, just when a Who concert was about to start, and explain to the sold-out crowd that Roger Daltrey couldn't perform tonight due to laryngitis.
Everyone gets their ticket money back, but not the money from traveling and the hotels and everything else. --- In fact, since I mentioned Townsend, he knew and understood this, so when John Entwistle suddenly died in 2002, right before the start of a big US Who tour, only the first few shows were cancelled. Pete, with the blessing of John's mother --- (IIRC), went on with the tour with a new bass player. Pete IS a class act.
The Stones have had to cancel a show or two due to Mick afflicted with laryngitis.
That's really gotta suck and I feel so bad when I hear about these things happening.
I don't know what's going on with me, dear Gassers, but when I read Gomper's title for this thread, my initial thought was that "Bono" meant Chad Bono, Sunny & Cher's child. Then I thought maybe it was CHER who lost her voice? SHE would make a headline like that, not Chad. It wasn't until I went to the story that I saw 'Bono' meant U2's Bono!. My brain never even thought of THAT Bono, the U2 guy. Are you kidding me??? Oh my God, I'm losing it more and more folks!
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text:
Animation Tutorials, Videos, Etc.
Here you will find things to help you become an animator, or if you already are one, help your work go smoother!
Getting Started
What should you do first to become an animator? It's up to you! I'd suggest getting a grasp of solid drawing skills. Once you can draw coherently, begin messing around with old-fashioned flip book animations. Here are some basic projects to see if you can animate on a beginner level:
EXAMPLES: --> Kafae Latte's Animations - What you will do in an Anim 101 class:
- A Ball bouncing that squashes and stretches
- A Flour Sack acting like a character
- Something with a tail
- Something with a dress
- Something that turns 360 degrees
- Something that conveys emotion without having a face
- Something rotoscoped or drawn from life footage
- Something exaggerated
- Something with appeal
- Something that zooms in or out
- Something that has a drastic change from one state to another (facial expression)
- Something that walks and swings its arms
EXAMPLES: --> Kafae Latte's Animations - What you will do in an Anim 101 class:
Animation Fodder - Footage to help you make actions
--> Kafae Latte's Animation Fodder Playlist on Youtube
Currently this playlist includes this footage:
Currently this playlist includes this footage:
- Human Walk cycle
- Human Run cycle
- Human Side Step cycle
- Human Skip cycle
- Human "Raptor Walk"
- Bear walk cycle
Useful Programs:
- Photoshop CS5 or higher (Great for pixel animation, good for importing image sequences, and good for digital animation)
- ToonBoom (Designed for imported image sequence, and compiling them)
- Quicktime Pro (Pro allows you to compile image sequences and Quicktime lets you veiw an animation frame by frame)
Animation School Gallery: Painting Cells
If you have any suggestions about what should be added to this page please feel free to email me here: email@example.com


text:
Find Food & Frolic.
Posted on March 19, 2012
by thejollyfox
2 Comments
I did not make a St. Patrick's Day Feast this year. Or last year. I still thought I'd share a few epic St. Patrick's Day feasts I had a few years ago; one by myself (yeah!) and one with my amazing friends Amanda and…
Category: Food, St. Patrick's Day


text:
Product Details:
Payment & Shipping Terms:
|Quantity Of Seats:
|3/4/5 Seats Per Set
|Nec/Panasonic Optional
|Dymatic System:
|Suitable Location:
|Mainstream Theater,Mall,Park
|Arc/flat Screen
|3D Glasses
|Seats's Colour:
|Red /black/customized
|Environment Effect:
|Snow ,rain ,smoke, Lightning,wind,etc
|Seat Effects:
|2/3 DOF Motion,leg Tickling,spray Air Or Water
|High Light:
kid movies in theaters,
cinema movies theater
Multidimensional 4- D Movie Theater With Server Compatible Software & Installation Service
|Seat Type
|Pure hand-wrapped PU leather
|Black(Customized available)
|Cushion Material
|Polyurethane foam material, high elasticity
|Drive Mode
|Electric drive, use the crank structure
|Platform Material
|20#square steel, anti-rush and electrostatic prevention
|Movement Range
|Leakage protection air switch , every equipment electric grounding, no waterway in seats, water proof control box
|Seat Effect
|Low frequency vibration, push back, leg sweep, air blast
|Environment Effects
|Wind, snow, bubble, lighting, rain, smoke
|SOR system
|Seat occupancy identification
|Synchronized Method
|LTC/UDP(Possess with LTC decoding system invention paten)
Who are we & What can we offer you?
Shuqee Technology Company have 7 years of 3D/4D/7D and 5D Movie Theater equipment manufacturing experience and customers over 50 countries,but we are more than just selling equipment in good quality with competitive price we also provide full package service to our customers,including:theater design,technical training,installation guide and support,system software lifetime upgrade and maintenance,movie update and hardware after sales service.
What is 4D Movie theater?
Free 4D Movie theater Fully Compatible With Cinema Server And motion Effects Editting For Free
4D film is an entertainment presentation system combining a 3D film with physical effects that occur in the theatre in synchronization with the film. Effects simulated in a 4D film may include rain, wind, strobe lights, and vibration. Seats in 4D venues may vibrate or move a few inches during the presentations. Other common chair effects include air jets, water sprays, and leg and back ticklers. Hall effects may include smoke, rain, lightning, air bubbles, and smell.
Effects of Movie Theater Motion Chairs:
√Movement: Up and down, left and right,
tumbling action front and back, simulation pitch, roll, lift movement, used for
simulation of the film left, to the right of the tumbling run, flight, etc,
forward suspended, fall, up to see, rise etc.
√Vibration: Built-in seat cushion inside, the function can push up
and down, realize the vibration of 12 Hz, make the audience feel the up and
down "vibration" feel
√Leg tickle: Each small elastic air hose under the seat suspension, when
film has rats, snakes, insects and animal, hose will pat the audience calf
place, can simulate the animals to drill leg of the audience.
√Push Back: The back of the seat with the new
equipment, the effect can push forward.Make the audience feel on the back of the suddenly "vibration", have
intense "Push Back" and "Electric shock" feeling.
Effects of Environment:
Water spray effect
When it rains in the film, it rains outside. Water spray effect is a special effect equipment to create raining scene.
Bubble effect
Travel undersea or in a fantastic forest, bubbles will be spited out from bubble machine and filled the room. It's romantic and you'll finally realize "Oh, I am in the dream world".
Leg tickling effect
Simulates insects and arthropod creeping on your leg.
Strobe lighting effect
With thrilling scene and extreme weather, audience will be scared by unexpected stunning lightning, just like the theatre is involved in a thunderstorm.
Blowing wind effect
Is there any better effect than a chilly wind when you are focusing on a horror film, or a fierce wind when you are taking an adventure in the forest? Wind effect shows a direct feeling you expect on the movie.
Smoke effect
Imitate a large number of burning smoke, smoke arises accompanied by "flames" as if the sky in the combustion.
Fragrant effect
The flowers in the movie are so fascinated, with fragrant effect, the simulated scene is just perfect!
Fire effect
It's not the real fire but a simulated tool to create an image like the place around viewers is on fire.
Snow effect
Actually we offer many films with the theme "SNOW". Snow effect works really well. It's fun and fascinated, create a emulational atmosphere.
After arranging all the raw material, Firstly you can start the Iron Fabrication of Platforms, Cabinets, and other necessary parts. After Completing all the parts joined with weldings and bults,we can guide you to finish installation or sent your our engineer to help you.
After-sale service
We offer you two full year factory warranty. During this period we will offer you online maintenance for free, and supply you for free the damaged key parts excluding projection screen and the lamp of projectors induced by non-human factors.
Each product is beyond warranty period,we still provide paid on-side maintenance repair service,only charge the basic cost.While users can still get free maintenance technician team of regular service instruction,remote technical assistnce and other services.
Contact Person: Bellis Tang