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After changing the equipment, some improvements in playing technique were immediate. One of these was the improvement in sound production. Repositioning the instrument to create the best bowing angle helped the bow arm to move more freely, increasing the strength of the stroke. When the equipment was adjusted to let the instrument rest on the collar bone instrument resonance was supplemented by skeletal resonance, augmenting the sound. With the removal of pressure on the shoulder joint (acromion) caused by an ill-fitted shoulder rest, the left hand was often freed up immediately, allowing for faster fingering.
Before the research, musicians had not had the option of altering their chin rests much. They were accustomed to trying to fill up the space between collar bone and jaw by raising the shoulder rest, pushing the instrument up from below. This meant that they had to clamp the instrument exclusively between jaw and shoulder without the support of the collar bone. The instrument was then supported using shoulder rest and chin alone, without the musician having any contact with the body of the instrument. This was the cause of much neck, shoulder and back tension.
"My feeling of what a chin rest and shoulder rest are for is different than before. Before I thought the shoulder rest had to fill in all the space and really hold the violin like a clamp. Now the shoulder rest just helps me hold the violin, to help me keep my balance when playing. The shoulder rest is not the holder of the violin, I am." - research student
With the use of the Chin Rest Testing Kit designed for this project, it became possible for all players to place the instrument on the body. The space between collar bone and jaw was then partly filled in by the chin rest, still allowing plenty of room to move the head, decreasing neck and shoulder tension.
The challenge to the musicians lay in learning to hold the instrument with this new equipment. They were so used to pushing down hard on the chin rest with the jaw, and pushing up with the left shoulder that they were often unaware of it. The pressure they were exerting felt to them as if it was just "part of violin/viola playing."
Freeing up the left shoulder and arm from the need to clamp the instrument in place and decreasing the pressure of the head on the chin rest was often experienced initially as a "loss of control." Releasing long-contracted neck and shoulder muscles meant exchanging this clamp for the security of the collar bone under the instrument, combined with the auxiliary supports of the shoulder rest (on the collar bone) and the left hand. The chin rest helped to support the instrument by allowing the chin to give leverage from above.
Because the chin and shoulder rest were adjusted to the body of the player, all movements to secure the instrument became more effective, eliminating the need for excessive clamping. This allowed the musician to secure the instrument in a softer way, something that took time to get used to.
"Now that I am more aware of myself when I play, I don't need the "perfect clamp" feeling from my equipment. I just have some equipment to help me have this feeling of balance." – research student
To help them gather new information to understand how hard they were clamping, it helped to have someone else put a hand gently between jaw and chin rest while they played. If this was uncomfortable, one finger placed along the throat in the space between the chin rest and the player also worked. (The musician could also do this for herself during practicing by using the bow hand to feel under the jaw while still "fingering" the music with the left hand.) In Alexander Technique lessons, this kind of manual feedback was repeated weekly in reference to the whole body, including neck and left shoulder. This gave the musician the sense information necessary to make a choice in how to hold the instrument without excessive clamping.
Confusion between muscle tension and musical intensity was common. Decreasing the muscles tension required to play was sometimes experienced initially as a loss in expressivity, even when colleagues verified that the expressiveness had not suffered. By listening carefully to his playing the musician could separate the music from the muscle tension needed to produce it, and distinguish the difference between the necessary and unnecessary muscle tension needed to play.
"You really need to take time to make the changes! During the project I thought, 'If I don't have the time now to change, when will I have it? I am here to play better and to improve my musicality.'" - research student
During the first few weeks after changing the equipment, musicians had to take time to re-discover how to secure the instrument during shifting. This required patience and a calm approach. Over time, however, the enhanced freedom and range of movement added to the pleasure and effectiveness of playing. Equipment adjusted for better fit gave the added grip and support needed for secure performance.
"My advice to others making similar changes is: be calm. Don't be in a panic. Think further than today, because when you make a change there are days that you feel you cannot play. You must think: I am going to play, it is coming." – research student
Interestingly, musicians reported that the increased role of the left hand in supporting the violin or viola improved their fingering and shifting technique instead of detracting from it as some of them had expected. They put this down to an increase in the sensitivity in the fingers and hand brought about by its more active role in playing.


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Vintage costume jewelry enthusiast, Gay Sherman, has been collecting for more than 20 years and will visit Chester Public Library with her stunning group of vintage Christmas tree pins, just in time for the season ahead.
But this is about more than just tree pins, beautiful as they may be. Gay's knowledge of costume jewelry is extensive; get set to learn about styles, periods and designers (do the names Coro, Trifari, Hobe' or Vendome ring a bell?), as well as the care and repair of these enchanting embellishments from days past.
Dig into your jewelry box and bring along an interesting piece. Learn more about it, see what a difference a good cleaning makes and even receive an informal appraisal, if you'd like. The value of these pieces may surprise you! You may also be pleased to learn how reasonably a favorite, but damaged piece can be repaired. Come enjoy a cup of tea and share the pleasure of these small treasures.
Gay will present two programs at Chester Public Library on Monday, November 22. The afternoon program will take place from 2:00-3:30 and an evening session will follow from 7:00- 8:30 PM. Register by calling the library at 860-526-0018.

subset: commoncrawl


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Yang Ya-che's The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful won best film and three other prizes at Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards (November 25), while The Great Buddha + took the most awards with five in all.
The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful was also awarded best actress for Kara Wai, best supporting actress for Vicky Chen and the Audience Choice award.
The Great Buddha + won best new director and best adapted screenplay, both awarded to Huang Hsin-yao, best cinematography (Nakashima Nagao), best original film score and best song.
Considered the most prestigious awards ceremony for Chinese-language cinema, the Golden Horse awards take place at the end of the Golden Horse Film Festival, which ran November 3-24 in Taipei. Ang Lee and Jessica Chastain were among the award presenters.
Among other winners, Vivian Qu won best director for Angels Wear White and Tu Men took best actor for Zhou Ziyang's Old Beast, which also picked up the FIPRESCI award (see full list of winners below).
Meanwhile, at the Golden Horse Film Project Promotion (FPP), a projects market that runs alongside the festival, Malaysian filmmaker Tan Seng Kiat won the grand prize for his latest project One Fine Day. He previously won the same award in 2014 for Shuttle Life, which has been winning prizes on the Asian festival circuit this year.
- Best Feature Film – The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful
- Best Documentary – Inmates, dir: MA Li
- Best Animation Feature – Have a Nice Day, dir: LIU Jian
- Best Live Action Short Film – Babes' Not Alone, dir: LEE Yi-shan
- Best Animated Short Film – Losing Sight Of A Longed Place, dirs: SHEK Ka Chun, WONG Chun Long, WONG Tsz Ying
- Best Director – Vivian QU, Angels Wear White
- Best Leading Actor – TU Men, Old Beast
- Best Leading Actress – Kara WAI, The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful
- Best Supporting Actor – Bamboo CHEN, Alifu, The Prince/ss
- Best Supporting Actress – Vicky CHEN, The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful
- Best New Director – HUANG Hsin-yao, The Great Buddha +
- Best New Performer – Rima Zeidan, Missing Johnny
- Best Original Screenplay – ZHOU Ziyang, Old Beast
- Best Adapted Screenplay – HUANG Hsin-yao, The Great Buddha +
- Best Cinematography – NAKASHIMA Nagao, The Great Buddha +
- Best Visual Effects – Johnny LIN, Perry KAIN, Thomas REPPEN, See You Tomorrow
- Best Art Direction – Alfred YAU, See You Tomorrow
- Best Makeup & Costume Design – William CHANG, CHEUNG Siu Hong, See You Tomorrow
- Best Action Choreography – SANG Lin, Brotherhood Of Blades II: The Infernal Battlefield
- Best Original Film Score – LIN Sheng-xiang, The Great Buddha +
- Best Original Film Song – To Have, Or Not To Have, The Great Buddha +
- Best Film Editing – Jean TSIEN, Bob LEE, Plastic China
- Best Sound Effects – TU Duu-chih, WU Shu-yao, TU Chun-tang, Mon Mon Mon Monsters!
- Outstanding Taiwanese Filmmaker of the Year – HU Ding-yi
- Audience Choice Award – The Bold, The Corrupt, And The Beautiful
- FIPRESCI Prize – Old Beast
- Lifetime Achievement Award – HSU Feng


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Removals Ross-on-Wye | Houses For Sale In Ross-on-Wye | Removals Herefordshire
Houses For Sale In Ross-on-Wye If you are planning on moving and looking for houses for sale in Ross-on-Wye, you will find a range of properties available. Property prices if looking at Houses For Sale In Ross-on-Wye House prices have increased by 2.16% over the past 12 months. You will expect to pay around £306,642 […]Continue Reading →
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Garden International School (GIS) celebrated its 21st anniversary with a day of fun and games for the local community.
More than 1,000 people came to help the school celebrate its milestone birthday. Children spent the day playing dozens of games and activities, which included a bouncy castle, a 'gladiator' contest, and football and golf challenges. There were also space hoppers, face painting, arts and crafts stalls and mini boats in one of the school's two swimming pools.
Free food and drinks were provided at the school's new-look canteen and special 21st anniversary cupcakes were handed out.
Students at GIS come from more than 40 countries, making it truly international. As the only school in the region to have full accreditation from the Council of International Schools (CIS), it has high academic standards and offers a world-class education to its students. Since opening 21 years ago, it has educated thousands of students, and many of those returned to see how the school looks these days.
GIS Principal Dinah Hawtree said: "We are very proud of the community feel our school has, and so we felt the best way to celebrate our birthday would be to invite the local community to come and mark the occasion with us. It was a wonderful day and everyone had a fantastic time."
The event was sponsored by CMB Construction, Bangkok Pattaya Hospital, Sunbeach (furniture, playground and kitchen equipment importers), Ramayana Water Park, SP Sports Ban Chang (makers of tailor-made sports kits), a pie shop near Green Valley Golf Course, Eastern Star Golf Course, and Baan Kanom Thai (Thai desserts).
GIS is based in Ban Chang near Pattaya. For more, visit www.gardenrayong.com.


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Once you have determined how much you might be keen to spend, you're one step away from being ready to buy steak online. With your own merchandise, you'll have total management over what you are promoting enterprise. Many companies are supplied entry to an internet Business Account for account and order administration.


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The Glorious Money Tree Chapter Two
In chapter two, Sally Driscoll gets more of her friends to give her coins for the planting of the tree. The word is spreading fast. Then they learn that they will need the help of a green goblin, Gilly Gilly Goblin, to help them shake the money from the tree. And some of the kids want the tree to grow other things too.
I think I am going to write the next chapter tomorrow. She is going to arrive home and at the supper table, she is going to talk to her parents about her idea. Then she is going to go to sleep and dream good things. She is a very imaginative child.
Something sad is going to happen. I think soon in the story, there are going to be signs that someone in the family is very ill and Sally is going to pray really hard for the tree to grow the money that they need.
I told my story to my doctor today and she gave me a really neat idea for it. I don't think I can discuss her idea though yet, as it probably would happen much later in the novel and I don't think I want to give away what might happen yet. Too early.
I love writing this story line. Little kids are so innocent and fun to write about. It's a very different side to my writings, as for a long time I have been immersed in writing novels about romance and lust, lies and deceit and then on the other hand mysteries and graphic murder and sex. Black Roses, my first mystery is very graphic and violent. But it's about a stripper/prostitute, so what do you expect? It's online at Barnes and Noble and Amazon. I'm not sure how it is doing as I haven't checked in a while.
Oh You Sweet Rose
The smell of you drifts
slowly, softly and silently
to me.
I linger in your scent
and drift into the hidden garden
where I await a glorious slumber
to dream of your silken petals.
I love you, and you love me.
You are truly pristine
and your pinkness shines
my lovely days
of scented beauty.
I know your scent and love you.
For what you are
is truth.
Jennifer Jo Fay
Copyrighted November 18, 2011


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We advise the sole sponsor DBS Asia Capital Limited and underwriters in relation to the Main Board IPO of JY Grandmark Holdings Limited, seeking to raise up to HK$1,452 million (subject to the exercise of over-allotment option).
The company is a property developer, operator and property management service provider based in the PRC, and offers residential properties in Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan and Hunan provinces.
The company published its IPO prospectus on 25 November 2019. Dealings in its shares on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are expected to commence on 5 December 2019.
Our team is led by Ronny Chow, Head of our Corporate Finance Practice Group.
We also advised on the debut of another PRC property developer, Yincheng International Holding Co., Ltd., on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in March this year. Rhoda Yung, Partner of our Corporate Finance Practice Group, was the lead partner advising the sole sponsor ICBC International Capital Limited in that case.


text: Grant Baker 18 Report post Posted June 18, 2016 Hi guys,Just installed a TT Plugin G4+ into a SEAT Ibiza 1.8T.Same plugs etc, same pins etc, so all went well. Car runs lovely as expected.Only issue(s) are as follows, and are probably just a single setup error!1) Traction and ABS lights are illuminated on the car's dash2) Got some CAN errors on the Runtime listHave we got something set up incorrectly in the CAN stuff? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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How Hoboken's Waterfront came to be
Jim Vance, President of the Fund for a Better Waterfront wanted everyone to know about this lecture at the Hoboken Historical Museum (13th & Hudson) tomorrow afternoon at 4pm.
Getting waterfront parks was NO easy task!
"Many new comers town know nothing of the struggle to bring about our wonderful string of waterfront parks. It's as if Colonel Stevens bequeathed Pier A Park on being given Hoboken Island shortly after the Revolutionary War. Ron Hine, Executive Director of Fund for a Better Waterfront will be telling the true story Sunday. Here is an invitation I am asking you to post as a public service."
On the Waterfront: 1989 to 2009
Paving the Way for a Public Park
When: Sunday, October 11, 2009 at 4 p.m.
Where: Hoboken Historical Museum – 1301 Hudson Street
This presentation by Ron Hine, the Executive Director of the Fund for a Better Waterfront (FBW), is part of the Museum's lecture series: Up & Down the River, the History of the Hudson, 1609 to 2009.
In the first half of the 19th century, Hoboken was popular with New Yorkers for its recreational waterfront, which included such attractions as a River Walk, Elysian Fields and Sybil's Cave. But by the late 1800s, Hoboken's waterfront was transformed into a bustling maritime port, serving passenger ships and, later, cargo vessels, which dominated the water's edge for most of the 20th century. By 1990, these waterfront industries had virtually disappeared, creating a once-in-a-century opportunity to reclaim the Hudson River waterfront for public recreation.
In a referendum in July 1990, the voters of Hoboken rejected a massive development proposal for Hoboken's south waterfront, opening the way for the Fund for a Better Waterfront (FBW) to propose a new vision which called for a continuous public park from the Hoboken Train Terminal to the Weehawken Cove, clearly delineated from the upland private development on new, Hoboken-sized blocks. Today, much of this plan has been realized after many successful legal battles to preserve the water's edge for the public.
This slide-lecture will relate this history, focusing on the past two decades and the tantalizing opportunity to finish the missing links.
I look forward to seeing you this Sunday,
Jim Vance, President FBW


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Home Loans In Mico, Texas Mico, TX Mortgages – americantowns.com – Mico Mortgages. Here you'll find mortgage rates for Mico TX.Use our mortgage resources and organized information to help you find the current mico refi 15 year fixed mortgage rates, home loans, mortgage brokers and quotes from multiple lenders in Mico, TX.
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It's the most wonderful time of year…and we aren't talking about the holidays. Nope. It's San Diego Beer Week!! And our Andrea's Truffles team is not only celebrating the SD beer scene but our FIVE YEAR ANNIVERSARY!
Help us celebrate, and join us at one of our sweet truffle and brew pairings during SDBW! We're even serving up a special Orange Nutella Anniversary Truffle AND Truffle Shuffle Anniversary Brew (courtesy of our friends at Monkey Paw!)
We'll be somewhere new every day of the week! So, what are you waiting for? Mark your calendars and we will see you soon!
Thank you to all of our 2016 San Diego Beer Week partners!
Hamilton's Tavern, Thorn Street Brewery, Monkey Paw Brewery, Alesmith Brewing Co., Bolt Brewery, Mission Brewery, Gordon Biersch, Next Door Craft Beer and Wine Bar, Mike Hess Brewing, Bay City Brewing, Groundswell Brewing, Green Flash Brewing


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War Records
World War One
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Men of Lochbroom 1914-18
War Memorials
War Diary
Coigach Sacrifice (WW1)
Coigach Sacrifice (WW2)
Gairloch's Sacrifice
Pan Ross Map
About Us
Ross and Cromarty Heritage
Select a Community
Avoch & Killen
Conon Bridge
Fearn Balintore & Hilton
Fortrose and Rosemarkie
Kilmuir & Logie
Marybank Scatwell & Strathconon
Muir of Ord
Nigg & Shandwick
Pan Ross
Saltburn & Westwood
Torridon & Kinlochewe
Wester Loch Ewe
New Statistical Account (1838) Parish of Fodderty
New Statistical Account
A History of Maryburgh Free Church
Birth and Growth 1815-2000
Brahan Castle
Brahan Castle visitors
Brahan Estate
Jim Macdonald's photos
Maryburgh maps (1)
Maryburgh origins
Maryburgh Primary demolition
Maryburgh Primary The Early Years
Maryburgh School logbook
Maryburgh school origins
New Statistical Account
Old Statistical Account
Past industries in Maryburgh
POW camp
Seaforth Centre
Seaforth Hall
The Seaforth
Tollie and Lochussie schools
river bridges
Angus Mackenzie
Angus S Christie
Cameron family pipers
Chisholm family pipers
Dr William Maclean
Frank Menzies
Frank Menzies inventions
Frank Menzies more inventions
George Campbell
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Margaret Mackay
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Mary Gordon Ross
Rev Roderick Mackenzie
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Seaforth portraits
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Sir John Sinclair, Baronet of Ulbster in Caithness standing in front of map of Ross and Cromarty
The Second Statistical Account (1834 - 1845)
The New (or Second) Statistical Account of Scotland built on the previous work carried out by Sir John Sinclair for the First Statistical Accounts by including the knowledge of local doctors and schoolmasters. The Second Statistical Accounts were published between 1834 and 1845.
Parish page number boxes refer to page numbers in the original Statistical Account:
Parish of Fodderty page XXX
The Second Statistical Account for Fodderty (1838)
The following is a transcription of the actual Account of the Parish of Fodderty from the second or new Statistical Account of Fodderty (dated May 1838).
Parish of Fodderty page 244
-The name of this parish is supposed to be derived from two Gaelic words, Foigh and Ritaobh, which signify " a meadow along the side of a hill." These terms are
descriptive of the valley of Strathpeffer, which forms the principal part of the parish, and stretches westward from Dingwall to the distance of four miles.
Extent, &c
.- The parish has been greatly diminished in extent, quoad sacra, since the localities attached to the Parliamentary churches were disjoined from it. It measures, at present, from east to West 9 miles, and from north to south II miles; and is bounded by Dingwall on the east; Urray on the south ; Contin and Kinlochluichart on the west; and Kincardine and Kiltearn on the north.
Topographical Appearances, &c.
-Tbe parish is one of the most hilly and mountainous in Scotland. This is its general character, with the exception of the valley of Stratbpeffer.
Ben-Wyves or Ben-Uaish rises to the height of 3426 feet, and in respect of lateral bulk is the principal bill in the north. It was never known to be so free of snow as in the singularly hot summer of 1826. Its top is covered with a green soft sward, and when the sky is cloudless the extent and grandeur of the view from it amply compensate for the labour and fatigue of climbing. The principal proprietor, it is said, holds his right of possession from his Majesty, on condition of presenting a snow-ball at the court of St James', on
Parish of Fodderty page 245
any day of the year on which it may be required. At the bases there is an extensive peatmoss, part of which is very spongy and easily consumed, and a part hard and black ; than which, there is scarcely any fuel better fitted for keeping up a mild and gentle heat.
Knock-Farril, situated on the opposite or south side of the valley, is crowned with one of those vitrified forts which so puzzle and interest the antiquary. It is one of the most beautiful and strikingly marked in the country. Its form is conical, and the ascent on the side fronting the valley almost perpendicular. The ruins on the top surround a plain of nearly an acre in extent, from which Craig-Phadric, near Inverness, and Dun-Skaith, on the northern Sutor of Cromarty, are distinctly seen. Most of these hill-forts seem, in the first instance, to have been constructed by the aboriginal inhabitants, for the purpose of defending themselves from their enemies. The vitrified appearance which some of them present, it is well known, has been the source of much controversy. Mr Williams and Dr Anderson supposed that fire had been used for cementing the walls, by fusing the materials of which they were composed. Mr Tytler (the late Lord Woodhouselee) was of opinion, that the vitrification resulted from the destruction of the buildings, of which we now see only the ruins. There is a third view, which has been ably advocated by Sir George Stewart Mackenzie of Coul, Baronet, viz. that the vitrified appearance was caused by beacon-fires. " The following considerations," says he, " seem to support the idea of such high situations being chosen exclusively for signal stations. Such hills only as command an extensive view of the sea or adjacent country have been selected. There is a regular chain from Knock-Farril and Craig-Phadric along the great valley of Lochness to the west coast, and others are in sight towards the east, so that on the appearance of an enemy on either side of the island, the whole country from coast to coast could be informed, perhaps within the short space of an hour. And such is the situation of vitrified forts exclusively; for they are not seen in any but commanding situations, while many spots, more convenient and better adapted in every respect for defence, are often to be found in their vicinity, or at no great distance."
The origin of beacons is of the highest antiquity. They were used among the Jews and Greeks. The Romans, too, were wont to lightup nocturnal signal fires; and latterly the ancient beal
Parish of Fodderty page 246
fires of Ireland have, in times of excitement, been revived, for a similar purpose in that country.
"To be satisfied," says Sir George, "of the reason why the signal fires should be kindled an or beside a heap of stones, we have only to imagine a gale of wind to have arisen when a fire was kindled on the bare ground. The fuel would be blown about and dispersed to the great annoyance of those who attended. The plan for obviating the inconvenience thus occasioned, which would occur most naturally and readily, would be to raise a heap of stones on either side of which the fire might be placed to windward;-and to account for the vitrification appearing all round the area, it is only necessary to allow the inhabitants of the country to have had a system of signals. A fire at one end might denote something different from a fire at the other, or in some intermediate part.
On some occasions, two or more fires might be necessary, and sometimes a fire along the whole line. It cannot be doubted," he adds, "that the rampart was originally formed with as much regularity as the nature of the materials would allow, both in order to render it more durable, and to make it serve the purposes of defence. "After combating the other opinions upon the subject, he concludes, that these structures may have served as beacons to castles in their vicinity, the remains of which are almost in every instance to be found, e.g. that Knock-Farril may have been the signal-post of the Castle of Dingwall, which formed the principal residence of the ancient Earls of Ross.
Craig-an-Fhiach, or Raven's Rock, lies to the westward, and presents a bold perpendicular front, from which a loud and distinct echo is heard. Near to it, is a very strong chalybeate called Saint's Well. Another spring, on the north-east side of Knock-Farril, bears the name of John the Baptist's, the water of which is of the purest kind, and till within the last fifty years was supposed to possess a miraculous virtue. It used to be resorted to by sick people and maniacs, who always left on a neighbouring bush or tree a bit of coloured cloth or thread-as a relic.*
Loch-Ussie lies to the south of Knock-Farril. It contains severul small islands, and is surrounded with a young thriving plantation. Kenneth Oure, whose sayings are still held in great repute by the common people, resided in its neighbourhood. He attributed his power of foretelling future events to the possession
Some derive the name of the parish from this well, the water of which was by way of eminence called Fuar dibhe, i. e. cold drink or refreshment.
Parish of Fodderty page 247
of a beautiful white stone resembling a pearl, but much larger. It is said that, shortly before his death, he threw it into Loch-Ussie, predicting that it would be found many years afterwards in the stomach of a pike, by one who, in consequence, should be also endowed with the gift of prophecy. Above Dunglass, is a low mound covered with green sward, and surrounded by a well defined circle of forty feet diameter. It seems to be a fairy ring. The grass of the circle is greener and fresher than that in the middle,-a phenomenon which is supposed to be occasioned either by lightning, or by a kind of fungus, which breaks and pulverizes the soil.
The views from all the eminences in the parish are extensive and striking, but especially from those to the north. Behind, rises the stupendons Ben-Wyves, its top often covered with. clouds and storm; in front, is Knock-Farril; and beneath, lies the beautiful vale of Strathpeffer, with its gently winding road, its well-cultivated fields, its tall ancestral trees, its venerable-looking castle, and its neat dwelling-houses. Stretching the eye to the westward, there appears nothing but one vast assemblage of conical topped hills of the wildest and most rugged description; while on the east, are to be seen the town of Dingwall, part of the Frith of Cromarty, and the rich landscape which surrounds the Castle of Tulloch. The view, as a whole, is one of the most varied and magnificent, and includes the heights of Inverness-shire rising successively one above
another, until they are lost from sight in the far-distant clouds.
.-Climate, according to Dr Ure, is the prevailing constitution of the atmosphere relative to beat, wind, and moisture. There is considerable humidity in the high grounds of this. parish, and the cold at times is very intense. In the lower parts, however, the air is mild and genial. Even in winter, this is not unfrequently the case in the vicinity of the spa. Hills surround it in all directions, the sinuosity of the valley breaks the force of the cold easterly winds,-while those from the west are deprived of much of their moisture by the beath-clad hills over which they pass; and besides, the gradual rising slope of this district elevates it into a kind of mid-air, which is always pure and invigorating. During the greater part of the year, the wind blows from between south-west and north-west, and at the time of the equinoxes is generally accompanied with rain. There are occasionally strong gales from the east and north-east, but the most violent proceed from the former points. Thunder is seldom heard. The temperature in summer
Parish of Fodderty page 248
is often equal to, and at times greater than, that experienced in England; but in spring and autumn, it is subject to sudden changes, which are severely felt. The climate, as a whole, however, is one of the purest and most salubrious in great Britain, which accounts for the longevity of the people, and the fewness of the diseases which prevail among them. The healthiness of the parish has been much increased by the general system of drainage begun by Major McKenzie, Fodderty, in 1811, in consequence of which, what was formerly in a state of marsh and meadow now yield luxuriant crops of grain, and the grounds which used often to be covered with mildew have been almost, if not entirely, freed from it.
-The parish is well supplied with water. Besides numerous springs which are chiefly perennial, there are also many mineral springs-some pure cbalybeate, and others strongly impregnated with hydrogen gas. Of the latter kind, two at the west end of the strath have been long known for their medicinal, qualities, which they seem to derive from the bituminous rocks mixed with beds of shale abounding with pyrites or sulphuret of iron, through which the water flows. An imperfect analysis of these springs was given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1772. That by Dr Thomson of Glasgow in 1824 is as follows :
"There are two wells," says he, "at a little distance from each other. The temperature of the lower well, on the 24th June, was 39°, and that of the upper 39¾°. The day was rainy, and the temperature of the air rather under 60°. Both had the smell of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. But the upper spring was obviously stronger than the lower. The specific gravity of these wells was as follows:
Upper Well,
Lower Well,
"An imperial gallon of the upper spring was found to contain
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
26.167 cubic inches
Sulphate of soda,
67.770 grains
Sulphate of lime,
39.454 do.
Common salt,
24.728 do.
Sulphate of magnesia,
6.242 do.
" An imperial gallon of the water attached to the pump-room yielded
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
13.659 cubic inches
"The saline contents were similar to those of the upper spring,
but in the proportion to them of 7 to 9,
Sulphate of soda,
52.710 grains
Sulphate of lime,
30.686 do.
Common salt,
19.283 do.
Sulphate of magnesia,
4.855 do.
Parish of Fodderty page 249
"The upper spring is more strongly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas than Moffat wells; but the lower spring is a good deal weaker."
Strathpeffer Spa was brought into great celebrity by Dr Thomas Morrison of Elsick and Disblair, in Aberdeenshire; a gentleman who had previously tried almost every other spa in the kingdom. He gave it as his opinion, that this was the most valuable of the whole, and, in describing the climate, his usual expression was, "the balsamic air of Stratbpeffer." At his suggestion, the proprietor built, in 1819, a handsome pump-room ever the lower well, 40 feet long by 20 feet broad, in which there is an excellent full -drawn likeness of Dr Morrison, done by George Watson, Edinburgh. It cost L. 125 Sterling, and was paid for in subscriptions of from one to ten guineas by the visitors, out of grateful respect to Dr Morrison for his able and gratuitous services.
The season for drinking the water extends from the beginning of May to the middle or end of October. it is found to be highly beneficial in all cases of ill health which result from a relaxed state of the system, especially in the great variety of disorders occasioned by nervous debility; in gouty, rheumatic, scrofulous, and cutaneous complaints; in affections of the kidneys and bladder, the water being highly diuretic; in cases of dyspepsia, and for constitutions which have suffered by long residence in tropical climates.
It is prejudicial, however, to those whose ailments are attended with any degree of inflammation or fever. Its specific gravity approximates to that of the mineral waters on the banks of the Rhine; from which circumstance, large quantities of it can be taken without oppressing the stomach, or irritating the system. It is quickly digested, and works its way gradually yet thoroughly into the constitution, on which it acts as a mild alterative. After taking a course of the sulphureous water, it is generally of advantage to follow it up with a course of chalybeate, of which there is a spring close to the pump-room, and many others in the neighbourhood. There is no doubt but the pure dry, bracing air which circulates around this district, and the beauty of the scenery, by tempting invalids to walk abroad, contribute in a great measure to their restoration to health.
The regulations are, that all ladies and gentlemen put down their name upon arrival, and pay 2s. each week during their attendance ; that those drinking the water at the upper or lower well, but not attending the pump-room, pay ls. as above; and that
Parish of Fodderty page 250
all strangers taking only one glass in the pump-room, pay 6d. The allowance to the well-keeper is voluntary. On week-days the pump-room is open from 6 to 9 A. M., 12 to 2 P. M. and 5 to 7 in the evening. It is shut on Sabbath days from 9 A. M., to 5 P. M. The poor have the water gratis, and are accommodated with a comfortable room attached to the upper well. They receive unremitted and disinterested attention from John M'Kenzie, Esq. M. D., Kinellan, who acts in this quarter in his professional capacity of consulting physician.
The public prints are regularly supplied by the proprietor. Within the last four years a penny-post has been established. Bread, meat, poultry, eggs, vegetables and fruit are to be got in the neigbbourhood. During the drinking season, a coach runs twice a day to Dingwall, which is connected with another that goes to Inverness in the morning and returns in the evening.
Since the spa has come so much into repute, a number of respectable-looking buildings have been erected for the accommodation of visitors. Through the benevolent exertions of J. E. Gordon, Esq. late Member for Dundalk, an institution has also been established for the benefit of the poor who resort thither from a distance. It is capable of accommodating fifty at one time, and is to be opened inthe course of next year. The hotel at Blar-na-ceaun, which has been recently built, within half a mile of the pump-room, is not surpassed by any in the country ; and there is also a comfortable inn on the east side, where strangers receive every convenience and attention.
-As is usually the case, in the high grounds of the parish, which present a bold front and outlines only the primary rocks are to be met with, and of these the most frequent is gneiss. The south side of the valley abounds in red sandstone and conglomerate, while on the north, the rock is bluish and slat exhibiting in many places swinestone of a blackish brown colour, which on being rubbed gives out a fetid urinous odour. In the direction of the spa, the rock begins to assume the appearance of a dark calcareo-bituminous schist, soft and foliated, and mixed with beds of shale abounding with pyrites. On the north-west and north, are several appearances of coal. Some extracted about seventy years ago was found to be of a clear black colour, and remarkably inflammable. Neither of these places, the one lying in the vicinity of Castle-Leod, and the other near the river Sgiah, at the foot of Wyves, have been considered worthy of being worked, as the coal
Parish of Fodderty page 251
found in them does not seem to belong to the true coal formation.*
The land towards Dingwall is heavy, approaching to clay. To the westward, it presents in many places a fine free loam or mould, partly black and partly brown, having a swinestone or gravelly subsoil. And on the south side of the parish, it is generally black with a very retentive bottom, which renders it extremely wet in winter.
-The less ordinary botanical specimens which have been noticed are, the
Pinguicula, lusitanica
Melampyrum sylvaticum
, near Castle Leod, the
Linnam borealis
, in the woody part of the district of Brahan, and the
Arbutus alpina, Saxifraga oppositifolia
Betula nona
Azalea procumbens
Alopecurus alpinus
, &c. around Wyves. Both here and along the glens to the west of Castle-Leod, mosses, of every shade and colour, and of the softest texture, are to be met with in abundance.+
-The rarer kind of animals which occur are the deer and roe-deer, also the fallow-deer from the policy of Brahan, the fox, martin, wild and polecat, stoat or ermine, and weasel.
The ornithology includes the ordinary sorts of game, together with the grey and golden eagle, which build on the Bealach Mor, or west end of Wyves, the merlin, kestril, herrier-hawk, also the falcon-hawk, which builds in Craig-an-Fhiach, the kite, buzzard, raven, hooded-crow, thrush, &c.
Black trout, some of which are of considerable size, are often caught in the Peffery, a small stream which runs eastward through the strath, and gives to it its distinctive name. And the river Conon, part of which belongs to the Honourable Mrs Hay M'Kenzie, and is connected with this parish, abounds in salmon. The quantity taken, however, has of late years diminished. This was supposed to be owing to the stake-nets in the Frith, which have been recently abolished. But these, if confined within low water mark, could rarely intercept either the kelts or fry, as the former, from their exhausted state, and the latter from their weakness, suffer
Mr Witham informs us, that the coal of Castle-Leod is not true coal, but the mineral named slaggy mineral pitch, and that it occurs in veins traversing the gosis of the hill on which the castle is built.-Vide Memoirs of Wernerian Natural History Society. Vol. vi p. 123.
The Rev. D. M'Kenzie, one ofthe former. incumbents of the parish, surrounded the lawn in front of the manse with a hedge of the barberry. However desirable as a fence, both from its beautiful appearance and its therny branches this shrub may be, it was found necessary to cut it down, as the corn sown near it on the glebe, and also to a considerable distance in the adjoining fields, usually proved abortive-the ears being in general destitute of grain.
Parish of Fodderty page 252
themselves to be carried down the mid-channel or main stream; while they would secure for the public many of the salmon which at present become the prey of the seal and grampus.
The ancient history of this parish is involved in much obscurity. Though locally situated in the county of Ross, it has belonged to that of Cromarty, since the time of George Viscount of Tarbat. The founder of his family was Roderick M'Kenzie, second son to Colin of Kintail. Roderick was knighted by James VI., and left two sons, John and Kenneth, the former of whom was created a baronet in the following reign, and at his death bequeathed his lands to his son George. He was the original purchaser of the lands of Cromarty, and in the reign of Queen Anne was made Secretary of State and Earl of Cromarty. An act was procured by him, in 1698, which annexed the barony of Tarbat and his
other lands in Ross-shire to the shire of Cromarty "in all time coming, and to all effects;"-among these, was a large proportion of the parish of Fodderty, whence its anomalous connexion with the neigbbouring county.
The parish was formerly divided into three, viz. Fodderty, Kinnettas, and Tollie, in Brahan. In the first two, there are burying grounds still in use, and in which the older inhabitants remember to have seen the remains of chapels. Traces of a burying ground are also to be met with on a small island below the Castle of Brahan; to the place of worship which the Tollie district would seem to have been formerly attached.
-North of the burying-ground at Fodderty, lies
Croich-an-Team puil
or Temple-croft, in which several stone-coffins have been found. One, containing two skeletons, was dug up within the last four years. - Coffins Of the same kind have been met with near Keppoch Lodge, and in the heights of the property of Hilton. The name usually given to them is
, from
, a chest, and
changed to
, a stone. Sometimes an urn has been found in them; but those discovered in this parish contained only bones and ashes.
Of those sepulchral remains called cairns, there is an excellent specimen on the heights of the property of Hilton, which measures 260 feet by 20 feet. It is situated on a little rising ground, having at the east end a standing-stone. Its height has, of late years, been much diminished by the removal of the stones
Parish of Fodderty page 253
for the building of enclosures or fences. A number of bones have been discovered in it.
In the same neighbourhood are the remains of two Druidical circles. Of the one, which lies due north of the cairn, there are only three stones remaining, the rest baving been blasted and used in building. The other, which is situated in the march line between the properties of Cromartie and Hilton, presents a singular and interesting appearance. In the centre, the stones are from five feet to six feet above ground, one foot apart from each other, and inclose a space of nine feet diameter. On each side, are the appearances of two spaces of smaller dimensions, one having only two stones placed at right angles, and the other only one, which measures seven and a-half feet by four and a-half feet, and at the height of two-thirds has an indentation slightly angular in the centre, and cut more deep towards the edges. Surroundin the whole are the appearances of several concentric circles of considerable dimensions, but most of the stones have been carried away. It is proper to notice, that, while the proprietor resided in the vicinity, the people were prevented from interfering with these interesting remains of the religion of our Celtic ancestors, who held it as a principle, that no temple or covered building should be erected for public worship, but that their devotions should be performed under the open canopy of Heaven. The object of the smaller spaces observed in one of the remains can only be matter of conjecture. It is not unlikely that they were a kind of Holy of Holies in which the Druids met, apart from the vulgar, to perform their more sacred rites, or to sit in Council for the purpose of determining controversies. Some assign a Scandinavian origin to these remains, believing that the Druids never visited Scotland. However this may have been, previous to the invasion, it is by no means improbable that after it they were induced to flee thither by the system of extermination exercised towards them by the Romans. Of their religion, little is known, and their circles have long since become a mere theme for the antiquary.
On each side of the church, are two standing-stones. The vulgar tradition respecting them, is, that Knock-Farril, which lies directly opposite, was often resorted to b Fin Mac Coul, the Fingal of Ossian; whence, by his immense strength, be threw them down upon his enemies. In confirmation of this, the marks of a gigantic finger and thumb are still pointed out on one of them. Some are of opinion that they were used for offering up sacrifices
Parish of Fodderty page 254
in the time of the Druids, as the larger of the two has the appearance of being burnt from top to bottom ; but others, that they were erected as memorials to perpetuate some events which, as the stones are in their natural shape, and without inscription, have not been transmitted to posterity; and a third party, that they were intended to mark the neutral ground between the Mackenzies of Seaforth, and the Mackenzies of Dochmaluack.
There is another stone halfway between Castle-Leod and the Spa with an eagle cut upon it, and called in Gaelic
. It stands close to the old line of road, and is supposed to mark the place where a number of the Munroes fell in an affray with the Mackenzies of Seaforth. The tradition is as follows: The Lady of Seaforth dwelt at that time in a wicker or wattled-house at Kinellan. A party of the Munroes came upon her by surprise, and carried off the Lady, house, and all that it contained. They were overtaken near Castle-Leod, defeated with great slaughter, and the Lady of Seaforth rescued. Clach-an tiompan was set up by the Munroes over the remains of their fellow clansmen. Kenneth Oure is said to have prophesied that in course of time ships should be seen moored to this stone.
On the north-west side of Knock-farril is a circular enclosure or ring, formed of small stones, having the earth somewhat scooped out in the interior. There is a similar one near the march line between the properties of Cromartie and Hilton, and within sight of the former. They are not unlike the pond-barrows of Wales, and are supposed to have been used either for the performance of religious rites around them, or for games and combats which took place within them. The common people call them fairy-folds.
On a small eminence at the west end of Park is a number of standing stones, placed in a circular form, and enclosing a space of about 15 feet in diameter, from which two rows run eastward, and make a rectangle of 9 feet by 6 feet. They are supposed to Commemorate a bloody battle which took place towards the end of the fifteenth century, between the M'Kenzies and the M'Donalds, headed by Gillespie, cousin of the Lord of the Isles. The chief of the M'Kenzies bad married a sister of the latter; but for some slight reason repudiated her, and is said to have sent her back, by way of insult, with a man and horse each blind of an eye, as she herself had a similar defect. Some time thereafter, a predecessor of the Laird of Brodie happened to be on a visit at Kinellan, and on
Parish of Fodderty page 255
departing received from M'Kenzie a present of several heads of cattle. As he and his followers were driving these across the low grounds to the west of Druim-chatt, they observed the M'Donalds approaching to avenge the insult which bad been offered to the sister of their lord, and immediately returned to assist the M'Kenzies. The remains of the Brodies who fell on the occasion are said to have been buried under these stones. Tradition attributes the victory which the M'Kenzies gained chiefly to the aid which they received from a little man with a red night-cap, who appeared suddenly among them. Having knocked down one of the M'Donalds, be sat upon the lifeless body, and, when asked the reason, replied, "I have killed only one man, as I am to get the reward only of one man." He was told to kill another, and he would receive double-he did so, and sat on him likewise. The chief of the M'Kenzies on learning the circumstance came hastily to him, and said, "Na cunnte ruim. 's cha chunnte mi ruit," meaning, Don't reckon with me, and I'll not stint thee-whereupon the little man arose, and with every blow knocked down a M'Donald, always saying, " 'O nach cunntair ruim cha chunnte mi ruit." He helped the M'Kenzie to gain a decisive battle, and then disappeared into Loch Kinellan. Gillespie lost his head on the occasion, which is said to have rolled down into a well, where it was afterwards found. This conflict is commonly called the battle of Blar-na-pairc, from the district of this parish in which it was chiefly fought. The beheading of Gillespie and many of his followers renders it not improbable that it was the same with that of Blar-na-ceaun, or the battle of the heads.
said to have been built by Sir Roderick M'Kenzie, tutor of Kintail, and which was one of the principal seats of the ancient Earls of Cromarty, is situated on the west side of Strathpeffer, near the base of a beautifully rounded topped hill. It is five stories in height, exclusive of the attics. Around the eaves are three bartizans, one on the south or front, measuring 42 feet by 3½ feet, and the others on the east and west sides, 18 feet by 3 feet each. There are four turrets, and numerous loopholes which rise from the lowest to six different heights. Over the principal entry are two stones having the arms beautifully cut on them in high relief ; and above two of the windows to the north, are on one, R. M. K. 3. Agus. and on the other, M. M. C. 1616. The walls in many parts of the building are from seven to eight foot thick, and the dining-room or ball, which is of considerable height, and measures 32 feet by 21 feet, exclusive of the rececesses,
Parish of Fodderty page 256
has a fire-place in it upwards of 10 feet long by 5 feet high, with stone seats at each end. Below is a cell, which was formerly used as a prison, with a strongly chained oaken door. The castle is built of red sandstone, and presents a remarkable and truly baronial appearance. It is surrounded with large parks and tall ancestral trees among which are the oak, ash, sycamore or plane-tree, elm, lime, arbor vitae, laburnum, and chestnut. One of the last kind is a splendid tree, measuring in circumference at the ground, 24 feet, and breast high, 18 feet. Its branches spread to the extent of about 90 feet in diameter.
, none of whom are resident in the parish, are, in the order of their valuation, John Hay M'Kenzie, Esq. of Cromartie; James Alexander Stewart M'Kenzie, Esq. of Seaforth, M.P.; Alexander M'Kenzie, Esq. of Hilton; Duncan Davidson, Esq. of Tulloch; The Proprietor of Strathconon; Sir George Stewart Mackenzie of Coul, Bart.; and Sir Colin M'Kenzie of Kilcoy, Bart.
The population of this parish in
The last census and those taken formerly included the inhabitants of the districts which are now connected,
'quoad sacra
, with the parishes of Carnoch and Kinlochluichart. Exclusive of these, the population at present is upwards of 2300. The increase has been, in a great measure, occasioned by the villages of Maryburgh and Keithtown, which are of recent formation, and by the heights being resorted to from remote districts lately converted into pasturage.
The number of families in the parish is 492.
The number below 15 years of age who can read or are learning to read,
216 males, 162 females.
The number below 15 years of age w4o can write or are learning to write,
74 males, 31 females.
The number above 15 years of age who cannot read either Gaelic or
English, 538.
Illegitimate births in the course of the last three years, 6.
The greatest part of the parish is occupied by large farmers, who have introduced all the modern improvements in agriculture. The rest of the people consist of small tenants, crofters, a few mechanics, and the extremely poor. All belong to the Established Church, and seem to be cordially attached to it. The Gaelic is generally spoken, and is still by far the most prevalent language.
Parish of Fodderty page 257
of the people have, in several respects, undergone improvement. In former times, cases of theft, especially, were by no means uncommon.*
Many superstitious notions still prevail among the common people. They are firm believers in dreams and warnings-the taisq or wraith-and also in a kind of fairies or cursed spirits who resided in a small knoll directly opposite Knock- Farril; by whom children were often stolen or changed, before they were christened. Here, the old inhabitants say that, even in their day, unearthly music has been beard and unearthly lights seen ; but that the cursed spirits have been, long since, laid under a restraint which prevents them from making their appearance, or doing mischief as formerly. There is a small spring which rises in a circular hollow in a solid rock on the west side of Rhoagie, called Tobar-nadomhnuich, the water of which is believed to possess the virtue of indicating whether a sick person shall survive or not. It is taken from the spring before sunrise, and after the patient has been bathed or immersed in it, if the water appears of a pure colour, it foretells his recovery; but, if of a brown mossy colour, that he will die. About six years ago, a mother brought her sickly child a distance of thirty miles, to this spring. On approaching it, she was startled by the appearance of an animal with glaring eye-balls leaping into it. The poor mother considered this as a fatal omen. Her affection for her child, however, overcame her fear. She dislodged the animal and bathed the child, after which it slept more soundly than it had ever done before. This seemed at first to confirm the sanitory virtue of the water, but the child has since died. Within the same period, two friends of a parishioner whose life was despaired of, went to consult the spring in his behalf, and to fetch some of the water. On placing the pitcher in it, the water assumed a circular motion from south to west. They returned with joy, and informed the patient, that there was no cause to fear, as the motion of the water, being from south to west, was a sure indication that he should recover,-whereas, if it had been from north to
*One man, it is said, had become so notorious for this crime that, whenever a sheep was missed, he was sure to be suspected of having stolen it. lt happened on one occasion that the theft was discovered before he could dispose of the sheep. Perceiving this, he, on entering his hut, sent his wife and child out of the way, cut the throat of the sheep, placed it in the child's cradle, which he covered with a cloth, and sat down to rock it. Scarcely had he done so when the party in search of the sheep entered and found him seemingly in a great passion at his wife's having left him to act the part of a nurse in rocking the cradle. He was asked if he knew any thing of a sheep which has just been missed? Do you suspect me, says he "Scho luath churrin sgian ans na tha's a chreal's a ghaoidin a chaora," i. e. "I would as soon stick a knife in what is in the cradle as steal the sheep." The party, after a fruitless serch, retired without once suspecting it was not the child he was rocking in the cradle.
Parish of Fodderty page 258
west, he should die. The person still lives. Such are some of the superstitious notions which prevail in districts of the parish, at the present day.
Agriculture, Rent, &c.
-The average rent of arable land per acre is from 15s. to L. 2 ; grazing, per ox or cow for the season, L. 2, 10s. ; range of hill for ditto, 5s. ; pasturage for a ewe or fullgrown sheep, from 1s. 6d. to 2s. Rate of wages, exclusive of board, to farm-servants, L. 7; male-labourers in summer, per diem, 1s. 6d., and in winter, 1s. ; female ditto in harvest, 1s.; and in other seasons, 6d.-Average price of grain, best quality, is, wheat per imperial quarter, L. 2, 5s., barley, L. 1, 10s., oats, L. 1, 4s., pease, L. 1, 8s.
valued rental
of the parish in Scots money is as follows:
The lands
of Cromartie,
of Seaforth,
of Hilton.
of Tulloch,
of Strathconon,
of Coul,
of Kilcoy,
Ecclesiastical State.-The church of the parish was built in 1807, and is situated witbin a mile of the pump-room. It was originally intended to accommodate 400, but the heritors voluntarily agreed to enlarge it to the extent of about 200 additional sittings. This was done at considerable expense, three years ago. It is still, however, far from sufficient to supply the wants of the parish, and is very inconveniently situated for those who dwell on the south side of KnockFarril, amounting to between 800 and 900, who in winter are often prevented from attending church by the steepness of the hill, and the depth of snow which at times lies upon it. There are full services, every Lord's day, both in Gaelic and Englisb. There are no Dissenting or Seceding families in the parish.
The manse was built in 1794, and is in excellent repair. It is surrounded with a glebe and garden, containing upwards of ten acres, the soil of which is, upon the whole, good.
The stipend, by the last augmentation, obtained in 1824, is 16 chalders, partly money, and partly victual, exclusive of the legal allowance of L. 8, 6s. 8d. for communion elements. The Honourable Mrs Hay M'Kenzie of Cromartie is patroness.
Mr Hector M'Kenzie, the first Presbyterian minister of the parish, was inducted in 1728. He was succeeded by Mr Colin M'Kenzie in 1734, who died in 1801, at the advanced age of ninety-
Parish of Fodderty page 259
four years. His son, Mr Donald M'Kenzie, had been previously appointed his assistant and successor, on whose death Mr Charles Bayne was inducted in 1826, and after him the present incumbent in 1833.
Education.-There are five schools in the parish. 1. The parochial school, which has the maximum salary attached to it, exclusive of a dwelling-house,and L.2, 2s.in lieu of a garden. The branches taught are, English reading, grammar,writing, arithmetic, book-keeping, geography, Latin, and Greek. The average attendance is 63, and the annual amount of school fees paid may be about L. 16. 2. The school at Tollie, in the Brahan district, in connexion with the Inverness Education Society. The attendance is 70. Both Gaelic and English are taught, together with writing and arithmetic. 3. The Gaelic school, supported by that excellent institution, the Gaelic School Society of Edinburgh, in which,
old and young are taught to read the sacred Scriptures in their own language, and which is attended during winter by about 60. 4. The school at Maryburgb, on the scheme of the General Assembly's Education Committee. The average attendance is 120. And, lastly, a school on the teacher's own adventure, in the heights of Auchterneed ; at which the attendance is 84.
Poor.-There are 96 on the poor's roll, who receive aid annually, besides 20 others, who are assisted occasionally. The funds are, 1. The collections at church, averaging during the last five years L.30, 7s. 1d. Sterling, from which, however, the fees of sessionclerk, precentor, beadle, and catechist are to be deducted. 2. A mortification in perpetuo, by George Earl of Cromartie of 12 bolls of barley per annum, bearing date 18th September 1686, and restricted " for the help, sustenance, and entertainment of the poor and indigent living on the lands of Park, Ardvall, Kinettas, Ulladale, Castle Leod, Auchterneed, Inchreundie, Glenskyth, Garbet, and Bay of Dingwall, Strathpeffer, Inchrory, Dochnaclear, Fodderty, Balmulich, Milnain, but with preference still to decayed tenants, and their wives when widows." 3. A legacy of L. 80, left by Mrs Morrison, daughter of Mr Angus Morrison, the last Episcopal minister of Coutin, who was ejected for non-conformity, and resided afterwards in this parish till the time of his death. By additions made to it, the legacy was increased to upwards of L. 200, and invested in the property of Hilton at 5 per cent. per annum; but the interest has not been available for the last few years.
August 1838.
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On Monday, April 23rd, the 5th grade celebrated Earth Day by visiting Fox Hollow Farm. They learned about biodynamic farming and visited stations that showed how the farm operates in an enviromentally sustainable way. We also visited Tinseltown to watch the DisneyNature movie Chimpanzee. It was a fun and educational day for us!
Earth Day at Fox Hollow Farms
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text:
Erdogan calls snap elections for June 24
ISTANBUL - Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has called snap elections for June 24, bringing the polls forward by more than a year-and-a-half to sharply accelerate the transition to a new presidential system.
Erdogan's announcement upended the political timetable in Turkey, which had been set to vote in simultaneous presidential and parliamentary elections on November 3, 2019.
The elections are especially significant as afterward a new executive presidency — agreed in a 2017 referendum and denounced by critics as giving the president authoritarian powers — goes into force.
The new timetable means that Turkey will also vote in the polls under the state of emergency imposed since the July 15, 2016, failed coup aimed at ousting Erdogan. Authorities agreed in mid-April that the emergency should stay in place for another three months.
Erdogan made the announcement in an address April 18 at his presidential palace after meeting Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) chief Devlet Bahceli, who the day earlier had urged early elections.
"As a result of consultations with Mr Bahceli, we decided to have elections on June 24, 2018, a Sunday," said Erdogan.
Bahceli stunned Turkish political observers when he urged the government not to wait for November 2019 to have the presidential and parliamentary elections, suggesting the polls be on August 26, 2018.
The date announced by Erdogan is even earlier and will precipitate an intense election campaign as opposition parties seek to challenge his grip.
The MHP chief's intervention surprised commentators since the government led by Erdogan has repeatedly insisted there would not be early elections.
Erdogan said authorities would have preferred to "grit our teeth" and wait until November 2019 but the situation in neighbouring Iraq and Syria "made it essential for Turkey to overcome the uncertainties ahead as soon as possible."
Turkey is pursuing a cross-border operation inside Syria, which has been wracked by a 7-year civil war, and earlier this year took the Kurdish militia-held Syrian town of Afrin.
Erdogan said he wanted to hasten the move to a new presidential system agreed in the April 16, 2017, referendum that will see the office of prime minister eradicated and a new vertical power structure established under the presidency.
"After April 16, Turkey is still ruled by a system that we can consider old," he said. ""The malaise of the old system can be seen in every step we take."
The Turkish lira, which has lost 7% against the dollar over the past year, responded positively to the news, climbing 1.1% with investors gladdened over the end of uncertainty over the election date.
However, Fadi Hakura, Turkey expert at London think-tank Chatham House, said authorities were keen to have the elections before further deterioration in the economy.
"This early election drive reflects the worsening economy that Turkey is going through. It, therefore, demonstrates a sign of weakness on the part of the (ruling party) leadership," he said.
While economic growth in Turkey was 7.4% in 2017, double-digit inflation, a wide current account deficit and the need for debt restructuring at top companies could be harbingers of trouble.
The polls will give Erdogan, 64, a chance to extend his stay in power with a new 5-year mandate after already serving 15 years in power as prime minister and then president.
His closest challenger will be the main opposition secular Republican People's Party (CHP) led by Kemal Kilicdaroglu. The pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) has been weakened by the arrests of its most prominent figures.
"We are ready as if the elections were scheduled for tomorrow," said CHP spokesman Bulent Tezcan.
Tezcan, however, said Erdogan had "no right" to call elections under the state of emergency, urging parliament to lift the measure immediately.
Meral Aksener, the head of a new nationalist formation, the Iyi (Good) Party, which split away from Bahceli's MHP to protest his alliance with Erdogan, said it was the "most prepared party" and announced she would stand for the presidency.
Erdogan's Islamic-rooted Justice and Development Party (AKP) has established a formal alliance with the MHP to fight the elections, in the hope of sweeping up conservative votes.
Bahceli, MHP leader since 1997, is seen as a kingmaker in Turkish politics. He prompted the 2002 snap polls that brought the AKP to power and the AKP has ruled Turkey since.
(Agence France-Presse)


text: These sexy and stylish platform high heel boots feature a floral print fabric upper in a thigh high length, round closed toe, stitched apron design, inner side zipper closure, smooth lining, and cushioned footbed. Approximately 5 1/2 inch heels, 1 1/2 inch platforms, 15 1/2 inch circumference, and 21 1/2 inch shaft. Style: shoes-boots-ami-elodie-11pinkflowerfabric This item is FINAL SALE and is not eligible for return or exchanges.


text:
Davidoff Cool Water Woman Tender Sea Rose Eau de Toilette 50ml Spray
Explore another chapter in the eternal love story between women and the sea. Fresh and floral, Davidoff Cool Water Woman Sea Rose evokes a young mermaid at sunrise, unveiling her beauty like a blooming sea rose.
A delicate, tender and strikingly fresh rosy floral fragrance, Davidoff Cool Water Woman Sea Rose celebrates spontinaety and innocence.
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Discuss the roles that output and interaction play in linguistic development
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Order Details
1. what is the difference between acquisition orders and developmental stages/sequences? Be sure to provide and explain complete examples of each type.
2. The model below depicts some of the basic processes involved in the creation and use of an implicit linguistic system. Describe the three sets of processes below and the relationship among them.
I= input processing
II= accommodation and restructuring
III= output processing
3. Describe the First Noun Principle and the conditions under which the principle may be overridden( i.e., the conditions under which L2 learners won't mistakenly rely on the FNP).
4. Summarize the method, procedure, and results of the White and Juffs (1998) study ( as cited in White, 2007) and mention the importance of the results for UG- based approaches to SLA
5. Describe the processability hierarchy— all procedures and an example of the type of structure each one enables a leaner to produce – and its implications for language learning/teaching.
6. Discuss the roles that output and interaction play in linguistic development ( be sure to review Gass & Mackey, 2007.) when discussing interaction, be sure to mention how interaction leads to language learning ( a la Gass & Mackey, 2007 ).
Required Material
VanPatten, B. (2003). From input to output: A teacher's guide to second language
acquisition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Use the following coupon code :
Category: Linguistics


text:
Some great math exemplars: Guided Math Group Work
Here are some great exemplars. I think it is good to do them in small guided math groups, so you can see what students are doing and they can talk through their approaches. When you are looking at exemplars, you want to notice if the students are meeting the content standard as well as the mathematical practices. Set up some criteria for the students. Practice doing a bunch of exemplars together and then also have the students do them in partners and groups. You want to scaffold the learning and give students a sense of success.
Let me know what you are doing with exemplars:) Do you do them daily, weekly, monthly? Does your school have a plan? Does the grade level have a plan? Do you do exemplars across the content domains? Let me know and send me examples of the great stuff you are doing out there!
Happy Mathing,
Dr. Nicki
Leave a Reply
2 Responses to "Some great math exemplars: Guided Math Group Work"
I love all you stuff. I recently changed my program to include your ideas for a MathWorkshop Program for Gr 4. These exemplars are similar to those we administer on a per marking period basis.
Keep up the great resources……….I use many.


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Arthur Oglesby was once described as one of the finest fly fisherman in Europe. He was also a distinguished filmmaker on angling, a regular contributor to the angling press and author of the comprehensive book on salmon fishing "Salmon".
FLY FISHING VOL 1 is an introduction to many of the locations, tactics and techniques demonstrated throughout the series but begins with a look at some of the basic facts behind the art of fly fishing; knowing how to cast; knowing about water; knowing how to find the fish and knowing what fly to use.
THE WET FLY - The River Nidd
Arthur Oglesby talks about fishing for trout early in the season and demonstrates how to cover a pool from a fixed position.
NYMPTH FISHING - Driffield Beck
On this well known Yorkshire chalk stream Arthur explains the techniques of nympth fishing and the "induced take".
STILLWATER BANK FISHING - Avington
At Avington Arthur fishes with Bob Church, one of Britain's best-known Stillwater specialists. Here they discuss the different tactics used on small still waters.
THE DIRT FLY - River Test
Celebrated angler Barrie Welham joins Arthur on the famous River Test at the height of the mayfly season to demonstrate the art of dry fly fishing.
For many years Arthur Oglesby ran his famous angling courses at Grantown-on-Spey. Here he demonstrates his casting techniques with a single-handed rod, including the use of the left hand with an Overhead Cast, the Side Cast, the Roll Cast and the Double Spey Cast.
Running time approx 55 minutes.
Also available in this series: Fly Fishing Volume 2 - Trout, Grayling and Salmon and Fly Fishing Volume 3 - Still Water Fly Fishing


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There are two kinds of people who can benefit from Friday's featured deal: Those who want to add a top-of-the-line blender to their kitchen; and those who might end up shopping for someone like that this holiday season.
When we see a Vitamix blender marked down 33%, it catches our eye, and we knew it had to lead our super roundup of deals for this weekend as well.
In that collection, you'll find markdowns on wine, a Bose product, and items for your pet — basically, all the things that make weekends fun.
You'll also find practical items as we browsed top retailers like Amazon , Dermstore and Macy's to complete the list.
Featured deal of the day
Vitamix A2500 Ascent Series Smart Blender
Are you ready to bring some smart technology to your meal prep tasks? The Ascent Series Smart Blender by VItamix offers impressive capabilities that include self-detecting technology built into the base that adjusts the machine to the size of the container for precise results. It has variable speed control and although the motor runs cool, it can produce enough friction to make hot soup without the need to cook it once the ingredients are prepared. It's 33% off right now and you'll pay just $399.99.
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Super weekend deals roundup
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No vanity or makeup collection is complete without a worthwhile mirror, like the one by Danielle Creations that's marked down from $14.99 to a low $10. The chrome construction sports an attractive high-shine finish, plus the mirror has two sides — standard and 4X magnification for accomplishing numerous beauty tasks.
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Itchy skin is a common problem for many dogs, but a quality shampoo can help. That's why we like Zesty Paws Oatmeal Anti-Itch Dog Shampoo that's marked down from $19.95 to $12.97. In addition to oatmeal, it contains ingredients like aloe vera, vitamins, and other plant extracts that soothe skin and calm irritations that make dogs want to scratch.
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A pedometer may be a simple device, but it can go a long way in helping you map your activity goals. Omron's Alvita Ultimate is compact and easy to clip or carry, yet it can track steps, calories, and distance. It's currently available for $23.72, which is a discount of 21%.
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4. Fairfield Square Collection Sophia Reversible 8-Piece Comfort Sets
Dress up your bed with the eight pieces that comes in the Sophia Comfort Set by Fairfield Square Collection. It includes shams, bedskirt, flat and fitted sheets, and a reversible comforter. The pieces are machine washable for easy care. This versatile set is only available for a short time for $39.99, a savings of 60% off the usual $100 price.
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Now is a great time to stock up on Epionce Renewal Eye Cream that earns rave reviews for producing noticeable results that include smoother skin and minimized lines and wrinkles. It's the nutrient-packed formula that contains plant extracts and hyaluronic acid that make a difference, and the $56 price tag that makes it a good deal (a savings of 20%).
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RevitaLash's V'Lumine Serum has developed a fan-following for its ability to strengthen lashes, allowing them to grow fuller and longer. Botanical extracts, biotin, and peptides are the main ingredients that nourish lashes, plus this formula can even be used on brows. Get yours now for $68 and save 20%.
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If you are ready to try a collection of delicious white and red wines, check out the Southern Hemisphere Mixed Mystery Set that's available on Wine Access for $125 (marked down from $160). You'll get six bottles of wine crafted in regions of the world known for producing a variety of distinctive notes and scents.
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Jennifer Manfrin is a writer for BestReviews. BestReviews is a product review company with a singular mission: to help simplify your purchasing decisions and save you time and money. BestReviews never accepts free products from manufacturers and purchases every product it reviews with its own funds.
BestReviews spends thousands of hours researching, analyzing and testing products to recommend the best picks for most consumers. BestReviews and its newspaper partners may earn a commission if you purchase a product through one of our links.
Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.


text:
VIDEO: Moment brazen duo launch concrete block into Bolton display cabinet and swipe mobile phones
VIDEO: Moment brazen duo launch concrete block into Bolton display cabinet and swipe mobile phones
CCTV footage of two men suspected of smashing through a store display counter in Bolton and made off with a number of phones on September 19 has been released.
The attack happened at around 2.20pm when two men entered Plodder Lane News in Farnworth and asked about a number of phones.
They then returned armed with a concrete block telling the store worker that they were robbing him and threw the slab through the counter before trying to assault the victim.
At the same time the other man filled a black gift style bag with the phones and they ran off with around 20 mobiles.
PC Adam Squires said: "The men have conducted a brief recce of the shop before returning just minutes later with a large concrete slab that they used to threaten and intimidate the victim and smash the display cabinet.
"They have then stolen a large number of mobile phones, leaving a local businessman - who is trying to earn a crust providing a service to the local community - significantly out of pocket.
"Some of these phones are most likely damaged as a result of being crushed by the concrete slab so will be neither use nor ornament to anyone. However I am sure that will not stop them trying to offload them so if you hear of anyone selling phones at knock down prices get in touch.
"I want people to look closely at this CCTV and if they recognise the offenders, either individually or as a pair, from the images, from their clothing or even something as slight as the way they are walking, please get in touch, anonymously if necessary."
One of the suspects is described as white, 6ft tall, of slim build, in his early 20s and was wearing a beanie hat, grey hooded top and bottoms.
The other suspect is described as white, 5ft 9in tall, of medium build and in his early 20s. He was wearing a baseball cap and jacket.
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