text:
Helleborus Orientalis
Helleborus orientalis
Growzone: 4-9
|1 Gallon Pot
Out of stock
|Espoma Bio-Tone Plus Starter Plus
|Espoma Flower-Tone 4lb bag
California Residents: This product can not be shipped to California at this time. Browse products that can be shipped to California here.
|Growing Zone:
|Mature Height:
|12 – 18 inches
|Mature Width:
|12 inches
|Full Sun to Part Shade
|Water Requirements:
|Tolerates most moisture levels but does best in average to dry soils
Helleborus Orientalis Plants for Sale Online
Helleborus Orientalis blooms late in winter, bearing nodding, 2-inch flowers in shades of whitish green, soft purple, or rose, often spotted with purple.
Full Description
Helleborus orientalis, commonly called Lenten rose, is a clump-forming, late winter-blooming perennial which typically grows 1-1.5′ tall. Features large, cup-shaped, rose-like, usually nodding flowers (3-4″ diameter) with center crowns of conspicuously contrasting yellow stamens. Flowers usually appear in clusters of 1-4 on thick stems rising above the foliage. Flower color is extremely variable, ranging from white to pink to light rose-purple, frequently with interior spotting. Palmate, serrate, leathery, 8-16″ wide, glossy, basal, dark green leaves (7-9 leaflets) are evergreen in warm climates but deciduous in extremely cold winters. In the St. Louis area, plants will remain evergreen in moderate winters, but may become scorched and tattered in extremely cold weather, particularly if not insulated by snow cover. Blooms in late winter (sometimes when snow is still present) and continues into spring, with a long, 8-10 week bloom period. Leaves, stems and roots are poisonous.
Genus name comes from the Greek words bora meaning food and helein meaning injures/destroys in reference to the plant's toxic leaves, stems and roots which are poisonous to humans if ingested.
Best grown in organically rich, humusy, well-drained soils in part shade to full shade. Locate plants in areas protected from cold winter winds. Clumps establish fairly quickly. Although the foliage is evergreen, it may become scorched and tattered in extremely harsh winters, particularly if not sited in locations protected from cold winter winds and/or insulated by snow cover. Cut back flowering stems after bloom to promote new foliage growth. New plants can be obtained from division of the clumps (best in spring) and from seedlings which grow up around the plants as a result of self seeding. A slightly larger and much easier plant to grow than the similar, but earlier blooming, Helleborus niger.


text:
Architecturally designed with aesthetically pleasing results, VOVO AIR encompasses
a modern alternative to T5 lighting.
The lamp positioning enables light to glow through a secondary gull reflector, whilst providing quality even light through the micro linear wafer centre panel.
Performing at efficiencies above 80% LOR, VOVO AIR is an energy efficient luminaire that offers comfortable volumetric lighting.
VOVO AIR T5-VO-A-128.ies

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Perhaps it's the hauntingly beautiful call of the loon as it echoes across the lake in the evening calm; or the quiet peace of countless coves, sweet spots, towering pines, and rocky outcrops; it may be the happy sounds of children preceeded or followed by the splash; or that quiet trail that skirts the lake with views that never seem the same, painted by season, wind, weather, and clouds. For residents and visitors alike the kept and un-kept secrets and special places of Squam make it a gem in a region already renowned for its beauty. The Lakes Region is beautiful. . . but there something about Squam. . . something that speaks to the corner of our souls that long for peace and beauty even in the midst of flash, fun and culture,
The story of Squam is first and foremost a story of the marvels of nature – the work of glaciers, mountain building, erosion, destruction, growth, renewal, change.
But it is also the story of generations of families and people who have built their lives around this place - eeking their living from the land and water or simply designating it as their place of renewal. In recent years, it is the story of both land-owners, residents and visitors, who have been drawn here by the beauty and peaceful feeling of this place and have struggled to find the balance between protecting this place and recognizing that it is indeed a resource that belongs to all of us. In short to assure that we do not love this place to death.
While almost everyone who works on a day to day basis to protect the beauty and charm of the Squam Lakes will tell you that there is much still to be done, it is fair to say that the success of efforts make the Squam Lakes area a model of conservation and intelligent use, built on years of struggle, creative conflict, at times rancorous debate . . . even class "warfare". Fortunately for all of us, Squam itself and the love and reverence for this special place served as the vehicle around which consensus could be built.
Ironically, the tranquility and beauty of Squam owes much to both geological and geographic as well as historic happenstance. Along with human effort, these things have paved the way to this conservation success story. The rocky nature of the Squams make them less desirable for high speed boats. The fact that transportation modes that drove population growth for the most part passed by rather than through the immediate region has, in hindsight, been a blessing. Finally, one cannot discount the proximity of nearby Winnipesaukee where speed, hustle and bustle and crowds are the norm. Without Winnipesaukee the pressure for development and heavier use on Squam would probably have been overwhelming.
Intellectual reasoning aside, the outcome does not change. Squam is something special. There just something about Squam . . . with apologies to Cole Porter . . . something delicious, delightful, delovely.
Related Links
Stretched for Glistening Miles


text:
Ingatestone Language Tutors
With First Tutors: Languages you can find a Ingatestone language tutor offering Ingatestone language tuition. Language teaching is an excellent way to boost confidence, challenge yourself and increase your ability.
Meet some of our Ingatestone Teachers
Languages Taught: French, Italian, Spanish
Ruth's feedback about Konstantinos (Beginner Greek (Modern) tuition near Ingatestone)
Very professional tutor who puts you at ease
Julia's feedback about Steven (Beginner Gaelic tuition near Ingatestone)
Really enjoying the lessons and hoping to progress the language to an advanced level. Thank you
Janis's feedback about Belén (Beginner Spanish tuition near Ingatestone)
Belen is excellent at teaching Spanish and would highly recomended
Stanley's feedback about Valerie (Beginner Dutch tuition near Ingatestone)
I have had three lessons with Valerie on basic Dutch. The lessons was well prepared and delivered expertly and with enthusiasm. I am very satisfied with the progress I have made. On the basis of this experience I recommend Valerie as a tutor to anyone who wished to study basic Dutch.
Catherine's feedback about Ian (Intermediate Spanish tuition near Ingatestone)
I would have continued to use him but my daughter decided to Drop Spanish as one of her A levels, I would recommend him to others
First Tutors: Languages helps you search for Ingatestone language teachers any many others so you can learn a language such as French, German, Spanish or Italian. We can help you find Ingatestone language tuition to be ready for holidays and enhance your language talents for professional purposes! Our search will profile Ingatestone language tutors according to their tuition fees and distance from your house.
If you are a Ingatestone language tutor wishing to offer your language tuition in Ingatestone, please register with First Tutors: Languages or find out more about us here. Registering as a language tutor is a fantastic way to improve your own language knowledge by giving language lessons while helping someone else, all in your local Ingatestone area!


text:
Wednesday 4 April 2018
14h00 – 15h00, CPT, Amphi 5
Statistical Mechanics of Repeated Quantum Measurements
Vojkan Jaksic (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada)
The statistics of the (finite alphabet) outcomes of repeated quantum
measurements is studied by methods of thermodynamic formalism. Viewed
as one-dimensional spin systems with long range interactions, repeated quantum
measurements exhibit very rich (and sometimes very singular) thermodynamic
behaviour. We will describe general thermodynamical formalism of these systems
and illustrate its unexpected features on a number of examples.
This talk is based on joint works with T. Benoist, N. Cuneo, Y. Pautrat, and C-A. Pillet.


text:
English comedian most famous for his impressions of popular British celebrities, including
He was born in Middlesex, England and broke out in 1983 after appearing on Live from Her Majesty's.
He was partnered with Molly Moenkhoff on the ice skating reality show Dancing On Ice in 2010.
He married Trudi Jameson. His father Bill Nankeville was a runner who represented Great Britain in two Olympic Games.
He played the love interest of Linda Henry on the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2007 to 2008.


text:
By Matthew E. Milliken
Oct. 17, 2015
"I want to just run a big picture of Christian McCaffrey instead of a recap tomorrow," Do-Hyoung Park, a Stanford student and sportswriter, tweeted late in the third quarter of the Cardinal football team's 56-20 demolition of the visiting UCLA Bruins.
And why not? The super sophomore was only his regular extraordinary self during Thursday night's game, which was broadcast to a national audience by ESPN. His 25 rushes went for a school-record 243 yards, easily cruising past the mark of 223 yards that Toby Gerhart set on 38 carries against Oregon in 2009. McCaffrey also tied a school record with four touchdowns, which had been done eight times previously in Stanford history. (The feat has now been accomplished on five occasions since Jim Harbaugh became Stanford's head coach in 2007.)
McCaffrey's 96-yard kickoff return set up the first of Kevin Hogan's three touchdown passes, giving the Cardinal an early 14-3 lead on the Bruins. Add in a four-yard catch and a second kickoff return, this one for 26 yards, and all this spectacular athlete did was run up 369 all-purpose yards, the highest single-game total by any college player so far this year. His per-game average of 253 all-phases yards surpasses that of the runner-up, San Jose State's Tyler Ervin, by 19 yards.
Incidentally, McCaffrey has now rushed for at least 100 yards in the past four games. Not so incidentally, the Cardinal has rushed for 300 or more yards in the past four games and scored at least 40 points during each of those outings.
While McCaffrey was unquestionably the star for Stanford, other players earned spots on the highlight reel. In fact, junior wideout Francis Owusu made what will surely remembered as one of the top 10 — heck, top three! — college football touchdown catches of the season.
With UCLA defender Jaleel Wadood sticking a hand in his face
essentially hugging him in the end zone, Owusu had the presence of mind to reach out for a 41-yard pass from quarterback Kevin Hogan. He pinned the ball to Wadood's back while the pair tumbled to the ground and rolled to the side. The play resulted in a pass interference foul on the defensive back, which Stanford naturally declined. (As I joked on Twitter and at the Durham bar where I was watching the game, "[t]hat would've been an and-one situation on the basketball court.")
That description doesn't even capture the complete nature of the play, which came with all the moving components of a Rube Goldberg contraption. McCaffrey took a direct snap and handed the football to Bryce Love, who was running from the left side of the formation. Love then flicked the pigskin to Hogan — he'd lined up on the right end — who lofted another one of his beautiful deep balls. Feel free to watch the play repeatedly in the video embedded in this appropriately adulatory Deadspin post.
Keen Stanford fans and observers the world over immediately connected Owusu's snag to the amazing play — Kodi's Catch, I like to call it — that Kodi Whitfield made against the very same UCLA Bruins at Stanford Stadium in 2013. Only moments after ESPN showed a clip of that one-handed grab, Whitfield, now a senior starting safety, jumped up to intercept an ill-advised Josh Rosen pass into multiple coverage. (The Bruins' center was flagged for holding on the play, which also was declined.)
Stanford fans are no longer accustomed to seeing a ball-hawking defense — Whitfield's pick was just the fifth turnover generated by the Cardinal all season, and only the third interception. The second INT came early in the first quarter, when sophomore cornerback Alijah Holder picked off a slightly underthrown Rosen pass at the 32-yard line, spun his way around a defender and cut across the field for the Cardinal's first pick-six since Kevin Anderson's score in the Jan. 1, 2014, Rose Bowl.
Holder's spectacular return was the game's first scoring play. The Bruins responded with a field goal, but on the ensuing kickoff, McCaffrey found a seam and ran wild until reaching the UCLA 4-yard line. The following snap saw Hogan casually lofting a touchdown pass to tight end Austin Hooper, who was unguarded. (The visiting defense was apparently prepared for a running play.)
UCLA immediately narrowed its deficit to 14-10 on a single-play scoring drive of its own when Rosen connected with Darren Andrews for a 70-yard touchdown. But the Cardinal responded with a classic Harbaugh/Shaw possession — a 14-play, 74-yard drive that ate up seven minutes and 24 seconds.
The series, which included 10 rushes, climaxed with Hogan zipping a ball to Devon Cajuste for a nine-yard touchdown early in the second quarter. The relentless ground attack seemed to sap the energy and will of the white-shirted defensive unit, which head coach David Shaw and offensive coordinator Mike Bloomgren evidently recognized: Stanford ran for 314 yards on 48 (!) carries while only attempting 16 passes.
The next scoring play came out of the wildcat formation from the 9-yard line when McCaffrey
took the ball at the nine-yard line and was awarded a touchdown by video replay officials after initially having been called down just shy of the goal line. He scored on the following drive, too, going untouched by defenders on a 28-yard run thanks to the dominance of the offensive line. That TD made the score 35-10.
Although UCLA cut its halftime deficit to 35-17, the outcome was decided early in the third quarter. The Bruins, who received the second-half kickoff, netted no yards and punted after three plays. A minute after that, Owusu made his ridiculous touchdown catch. The Bruins scored next, with their second field goal, but McCaffrey's third and fourth touchdown runs had the scoreboard displaying 56-20 going into the final period. The drives, respectively, spanned two plays for 75 yards and five plays for 34 yards, with reliable No. 5 carrying on every play. He found paydirt on a 70-yard run — Stanford's fifth touchdown of 60 or more yards this year — and (ho hum!) a six-yard carry.
Meanwhile, for most of the night, Stanford's defense was applying consistent pressure to Rosen, a talented freshman who seemed much less adept than Oregon State freshman Seth Collins at throwing on the run. However, in sharp contrast to Arizona's backup quarterback, Jerrard Randall, Rosen was quite competent at making throws from the pocket.
Rosen finished the night 22 for 42 with 325 yards, three touchdowns and the aforementioned pair of interceptions, but he would have done much more damage had it not been for regular harassment by the Cardinal defensive front, which may be as healthy as it's been all season. Junior linebacker Peter Kalambayi, senior defensive end Nate Lohn and junior linebacker Mike Tyler each recorded a sack. (All of the takedowns went for
minute minus-nine yards.)
Tyler also recorded a pair of quarterback hurries, with sophomore linebacker Joey Alfieri adding two more. (Transfer Brennan Scarlett also recorded a hurry.) Fifth-year senior Ronnie Harris, the team's most experienced cornerback, broke up two of Rosen's passes, while four other Stanford defenders had breakups of their own.
This isn't the 2014 Cardinal defense, which ranked second nationally by allowing only 16.4 points per game and third nationally with an average of 282.4 yards per game surrendered. But unless Oregon suddenly snaps into form, the only two offenses remaining on the schedule that pose a major scoring threat are Cal and Notre Dame, both of which are coming to the Farm. (Cal's Jared Goff, a dark-horse Heisman candidate, is likely to be by far the most skilled passer to line up against the Cardinal defense.)
That's a favorable schedule, to say the least. And if Hogan, McCaffrey and company maintain their blistering offensive prowess, Notre Dame faces a considerable risk of being run out of the stadium.
Let's return, very briefly, to Thursday night's happenings. A pair of garbage time Bruins touchdowns and a two-point conversion made the final score seem vaguely competitive. (The entire fourth quarter constituted garbage time, by the way.) But there was no mistaking what when on at Stanford Stadium Thursday evening: Cardinal domination of UCLA. Harbaugh and Shaw have combined to win the past eight contests against UCLA, the longest streak by either team in the 76-game series.
Last year, Stanford's 31-10 triumph at the Rose Bowl prevented UCLA from winning the Pac-12 Southern Division. In 2012, the Cardinal and Bruins played back-to-back games, with Stanford winning 35-17 to conclude the regular season and then advancing to the Rose Bowl with a 27-24 victory in the conference championship game. The average score in the last eight games round up to Stanford 35, UCLA 16.
Going back to 2010, the Cardinal has played 47 games in its home state. It's lost only four of those. In games against teams based in the Golden State, the squad is 20-2. Stanford's already bested USC and UCLA this year. With a Big Game win on Nov. 21, Stanford could become the undisputed kings of California for yet another season since the start of the Harbaugh renaissance.
But I'm getting ahead of myself. On Oct. 24, the Cardinal will welcome Washington to the Farm. It's the next step in a season that could prove to be immensely rewarding for Stanford fans.


text:
The following New Journey To The West 2: Highlights Episode 16 Eng Sub has been released. Kshow123 will always be the first to have the episode so please Bookmark us for update.
Watch other episodes of New Journey To The West 2: Highlights Series at Kshow123.
Watch other episodes of New Journey To The West 2: Highlights Series at Kshow123.
You May Also LikeSee more
Music Bank Episode 886
3 years ago
Happy Together S3 Episode 274
4 years ago
I Love Movie Episode 630
2 months ago
Baek Jong Won's Top 3 Chef King Episode 204
9 months ago
Hometown Report Episode 6439
3 years ago
Cool Kiz On The Block Episode 59
5 years ago
The Problems Of The Rooftop Room Episode 9
2 years ago
The Golden Bell Challenge Episode 909
2 years ago
Heart Signal Episode 11
3 years ago
Lunch Time Episode 2
2 years ago
Hometown Report Episode 6660
2 years ago
Morning Forum Episode 7956
3 years ago
SBS Inkigayo Episode 1020
9 months ago
Sugar Man Episode 6
4 years ago


text:
Lip Gloss - Vanilla Glitz
Sold out.
Type: Unknown Type
Vendor: Bath Body & Home
Lip Gloss - Vanilla Glitz
Buy direct from Australia's Leading exclusive importer of Bath and Body Works products
Be dazzled! Light reflecting iridescent sparkle gloss illuminates lips. Wand applicator delivers dabs of high shine in our exclusive marbelised formula for a perfect pucker everytime you apply!
- · Rich Creamy Vanilla
- · A delightful blend of natural ingredients come together to produce this amazing fragrance. Perfect for use day or night.
- · Not tested on animals


text:
Image 360 - Palm Desert is currently on Summer Hours which are Monday through Friday from 9am to 5pm.
As big and bold as you need them to be, it's hard to beat the impact of custom outdoor banners, fabric signs, pennants and related solutions from Image360 Palm Desert. It's tough to match their versatility, too!
Vinyl banners are ideal for one-time events such as grand openings or political campaigns. Of course, the ease with which they can be transported, set up and stored also makes custom banners a great choice for recurring events such as parades.
With banners for outdoor use as well as countless other solutions, Image360 Palm Desert makes your choice a breeze! Building wraps, flutter flags, pedestal signs are just a few of the many ways we can enhance your promotional effort.
Click on any of the links to look through your options for durable outdoor banners.
Ready to take the next step? Schedule a consultation with Image360 Palm Desert by calling us directly at (760) 324-7446.
5 Star Rating!
Image360 (formerly Signs By Tomorrow) executed a sign package for me that was somewhat tricky, but the signs were beautiful, professional and of quality work. I would highly recommend them for any commercial project, and they are now my preferred vendor for signs at my hotel.
5 Star Rating!
On behalf of the Palm Springs Desert Resort Communities Convention & Visitors Authority, I would like to thank you for the work that Image360 (formerly Signs by Tomorrow) has provided us. Your staff was extremely professional and your company was great to work with. The signs turned out great - the board quality and colors were right on! Not to mention how quickly you were able to produce them for us. I look forward to working with you again in the future.
5 Star Rating!
We had the pleasure of working with Larry Deitz, owner of Image360 (formerly Signs by Tomorrow). We had asked to have some signage done replicating previous work we had initially been utilizing at the property. Without hesitation, Larry pulled together this project and even made some excellent suggestions to the artwork and the end result was superb. The turnaround time was of key concern and as hoped was completed on time and with beautiful results. We certainly would welcome the opportunity to work with them in the future and have recommended him to others.
5 Star Rating!
I highly recommend Image360 (formerly Signs By Tomorrow). They have exceeded my expectations with their service and quality. Plus, their follow-up is always exceptional and they respond to my calls and needs in a timely matter. In the commercial real estate field it is critical to know that you can trust your sign company to say, do and perform as requested. They make my job easier and have never let me down.


text: Click Energy Review January 21, 2015June 16, 2014 by Better Solar Power Quotes This content is restricted to site members. If you are an existing user, please log in. New users may register below.Existing Users Log InUsername or EmailPassword Remember Me New User RegistrationChoose a Username*First Name*Last Name*Address 1*Address 2City*State*Zip*Country*Phone*Email**Required field


text:
Read Knight Run Manhwa Online
In the era of space exploration. Mankind is at war against monsters of unknown origin. The battle is grim, and the future looks bleak. Amidst the chaos, mankind plays their last hand; it's time for the Knights to step into the fray and turn the tide of this war. Original Webtoon / English Version by Naver
Knight Run
Alternative name(s)Крестовый поход


text:
Services on Demand
- Cited by SciELO
- Access statistics
Related links
- Cited by Google
- Similars in SciELO
- Similars in Google
- uBio
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Print version ISSN 1413-8670
Braz J Infect Dis vol.17 no.2 Salvador Mar./Apr. 2013
Expression of the marA, soxS, acrB and ramA genes related to the AcrAB/TolC efflux pump in Salmonella entérica strains with and without quinolone resistance-determining regions gyrA gene mutations
Rafaela Gomes FerrariI,*; Antonio GalianaII; Rosa CremadesII; Juan Carlos RodríguezII; Marciane MagnaniI; Maria Cristina Bronharo TognimIII; Tereza C.R.M. OliveiraI; Gloria RoyoII
IAgricultural Sciences Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
IIMicrobiology Department, University General Hospital of Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
IIIDepartment of Basic Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Several studies have been conducted in recent years to elucidate the structure, function and significance of AcrB, MarA, SoxS and RamA in Salmonella enterica. In this study, the relative quantification of acrB, soxS, marA and ramA genes expression was evaluated in 14 strains of S. enterica, with or without accompanying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA gene, that were exposed to ciprofloxacin during the exponential growth phase. The presence of ciprofloxacin during the log phase of bacterial growth activated the genes marA, soxS, ramA and acrB in all S. enterica strains analyzed in this study. The highest expression levels for acrB were observed in strains with gyrA mutation, and marA showed the highest expression in the strains without mutation. Considering only the strains with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration values < 0.125 μg/mL (sensitive to ciprofloxacin), the most expressed gene in the strains both with and without mutations was acrB. In the strains with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration values > 0.125 μg/mL (low susceptibility), with and without mutations in gyrA, the most expressed gene was marA. In this study, we observed that strains resistant to nalidixic acid may express genes associated with the efflux pump and the expression of the AcrAB-TolC pump genes seems to occur independently of mutations in gyrA.
Keywords: Salmonella sp.; Fluoroquinolone; Efflux pump; Antibiotic resistance
The resistance of Salmonella enterica to quinolones is usually mediated by mutations in topoisomerase genes. However, the presence of plasmids and active efflux pumps can be determinant factors in decreased antibiotic susceptibility and increased resistance.1
Efflux pumps act in response to bacterial stress and the expression of pumps reduces the accumulation of organic compounds or antimicrobial agents within the cell and can also be caused by chromosomal mutations, resulting in multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR).2 According to Baucheron et al.,3 efflux pumps play an important role in resistance, espe cially when fluoroquinolones are involved.
The AcrB efflux pump belongs to the resistancenodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily and acts in association with two types of proteins: the outer membrane channel (TolC) and a periplasmic 'adaptor' protein (AcrA).4 Regulators belonging to the AraC/Xyls family of transcriptional activators,5 i.e. marA,6 soxRS, 7 rob, 8 and ramA9 have been found to activate acrAB transcription by binding to the marbox sequence characterized in its promoter.10
The MarA and SoxS proteins can activate acrAB expression. The marRAB operon is responsible for producing the MarA transcriptional activator protein,6 which can be synthesized in response to the presence of antibiotics and can result in the multi-drug resistance phenotype (MDR). In turn, the soxRS operon is activated in response to oxidative stress, with the SoxS protein subsequently acting as transcriptional activator.11 The overexpression of soxRS also contributes to increased antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
The product of the ramR gene regulates the gene ramA,12 which produces the protein RamA. RamA is homologous to MarA and SoxS.13 Bacteria overexpressing ramA may exhibit the MDR phenotype by inducing expression of acrAB and tolC.9 S. enterica strains with the tolC gene experimentally deleted show an increased susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.14 Similarly, strains of S. enterica showed higher susceptibility to ciprofloxacin when ramA was inactivated.15
Although several studies have been conducted in recent years to elucidate the structure, function and significance of AcrB, MarA, SoxS and RamA, 16-18 their regulation in S. enterica is not fully understood. In this study, the expression of acrB, soxS, marA and ramA was evaluated in fourteen strains of S. enterica, with or without accompanying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of the gyrA gene, that were exposed to ciprofloxacin during the exponential growth phase.
Materials and methods
We analyzed 14 strains of S. enterica that are resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL). These strains were divided into two groups: seven strains without mutation in the QRDR region of the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE and seven strains with mutations in the QRDR of gyrA, but with no mutations in the QRDR of other genes. Among the strains with mutations in the gyrA QRDR, one was positive for the qnrB19 plasmid gene. The ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (CipMIC) of each strain was determined using E-test gradient strips (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden). Once the CipMIC had been determined, each strain was cultivated in duplicate for 2 h in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and ciprofloxacin was added to one of the two cultures at a concentration corresponding to half of the correspondently CipMIC of each strain.19 After 30min of exposure to the antibiotic at 37ºC, the culture was centrifuged for subsequent RNA extraction.
RNA isolation
RNA isolation was performed according to Chomczynski and Sacchi20 by the guanidinium-thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method, with some modifications. After centrifugation at 14,000 x g for 10 min, the supernatant was discarded, 200 µL of lysis solution was added and the samples were incubated for 1h at 37ºC. After this time, 50 µL of 1% SDS was added. After vortex agitation, 25 µL of 2M NaCl and 200 µL phenol:chloroform were mixed into the material; which was placed on ice for 10 min. The material was then centrifuged at 14,000 x g for 20 min at 4 ºC, and the supernatant was recovered. An equal volume of isopropanol was added to the supernatant; mixture was incubated at -70 ºC for 2 h and then centrifuged at 14,000 x g for 11min at 4ºC. After the supernatant was discarded, the pellet was dried under air flux and then vortexed in 750 µL of 75% ethanol. A new centrifugation was conducted at 14,000 x g for 11 min at 4 ºC; the supernatant was discarded; the pellet was dried for 1 h and resuspended in 30 µL of nuclease-free water (InvitrogenTM). The RNA samples were treated with RQ1 DNase (Ambion AM 1906), following the manufacturer's instructions. RNA purity and concentration was measured using the Nanodrop ND-1000.
Reverse transcriptase (RT)
RT reactions were conducted as described by Chico et al.,21 using 1 µg of total RNA, 90 ng of random hexamers (QIAGEN®) and 0.5 mM dNTPs (InvitrogenTM). Prior to cDNA synthesis, denaturation was performed for 5 min at 65ºC. After this step, 200 U of MMLV reverse transcriptase (InvitrogenTM), 10 mM of DTT (InvitrogenTM), and 20 units of RNase inhibitor (RNase OUT, Invitrogen) were added to each reaction to a final volume of 20 µL. The reaction conditions were 10 min at 25 ºC, 15 min at 42ºC and 5 min at 99ºC.
Relative quantification of gene expression
After obtaining the cDNA, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using the 7500 Real-Time PCR System, SDS software version 1.4 (Applied Biosystems). The reactions were performed in a final volume of 20 µL, containing 300 nM of each primer, 100 nM of each probe (Table 1), 2 µL of cDNA and 1x TaqMan® universal master mix (Applied Biosystems). Standard curves were constructed to calculate the gene-specific PCR efficiency from 10-fold series dilution of the mixed cDNA template for each primer pair. The efficiency of qRT-PCR reactions was calculated using the formula E =[10 (-1/S)] -1 , where E represents the calculated efficiency, and S is the slope of the standard curve.22 To check all primers specificity, real-time PCR was performed on cDNA and products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining. Negative qRT-PCR control with no templates was performed for each primer pair.22
Statistical analysis
The results were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. The geometric means (GM) of the CipMICs were calculated using the following formula: where y represents the individual CipMIC of each strain, and n represents the total number of CipMIC values.23
The presence of ciprofloxacin during the log phase of bacterial growth activated at least one of the four genes tested in all S. enterica strains analyzed in this study. The expression levels of the genes marA, soxS and ramA were higher in the strains without a mutation in gyrA, gyrB, parA or parC than for strains with mutations. However, the highest expression levels for acrB were observed in strains with gyrA mutation (Fig. 1).
The GM value for the four pump genes evaluated in Salmonella strains without mutations was 2.70, and for strains with a mutation in gyrA it was 2.13. Among the strains mutated in gyrA, strain 209-2 showed higher expression of the genes analyzed, with a 5.99 GM. In contrast, the strain without mutation in gyrA with the highest levels of gene expression was 238-2, with a 15.38 GM (Table 2).
After assessing the level of expression for each gene in the strains without mutation, marA showed the highest expression (GM = 6.93), followed by soxS (GM = 2.72), acrB (GM = 2.38) and ramA (GM = 1.16). In the strains with mutations in gyrA, the gene marA also showed higher levels of gene expression (GM=3.41) but was followed by acrB (GM = 3.25), soxS (GM=1.77) and ramA (GM = 1.05).
Considering only the strains with CipMIC values< 0.125 µg/mL (sensitive to ciprofloxacin), the most expressed gene in the strains both with and without mutations was acrB. In the three mutated strains, the GM for this gene was 9.28, and in the strain without mutation the level of expression of acrB was 11.8 (Table 2).
In the strains with CipMIC values > 0.125 µg/mL (low susceptibility), with and without mutations in gyrA, the most expressed gene was marA. For the four mutated strains, marA expression ranged from 0.98 to 11.96, and the GM was 3.36. In contrast, for the six strains without mutation, the marA expression level ranged from 1.29 to 122, with a GM of6.62.
Among the four strains with gyrA mutations and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, strain 288-2, serovar Heidelberg, and strain 300-2, serovar Enteritidis, scarcely expressed the pump genes tested. On the other hand, S. Enteritidis strain 209-2, despite a GM of 5.99, presented a CipMIC value four times lower than S. Enteritidis strain 216-2, which showed a GM of 1.66 (Table 2).
Four of the six strains without mutations and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin showed significant expression of the efflux pump genes evaluated, with GM values between 4.25 and 15.26. In contrast, strain 232-2, with no mutation in gyrA and the lowest level of gene expression linked to the pump (GM = 0.23), presented a CipMIC value of 0.5 µg/mL. Strain 2972, serovar Corvallis, positive for the qnrB19 plasmid gene, also presented no expression of any of the four genes studied that are linked to the pump complex (GM = 0.65).
There are reports that AcrAB pump expression in Escherichia coli can increase the MIC for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin up to five times.24 In this study, all the strains evaluated showed expression of at least one gene related to efflux pumps in the presence of ciprofloxacin. However, the expression of these genes and their relationship with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was highly divergent, independent of mutations in gyrA. The S. Enteritidis strains 250-2, 229-2 and 213-2, with mutations in gyrA and expression of at least 3 genes linked to the pump, presented CipMIC values of less than 0.125 µg/mL.
However, other S. Enteritidis strains (209-2, 300-2 and 216-2), with gyrA mutations and both with and without expression of the genes studied, showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.
Baucheron et al.3 have reported a reduction of up to 64fold in CipMIC values after inhibition of the AcrAB operon in strains of S. Typhimurium, with or without mutations in gyrA. Morgan-Linnell et al.25 also failed to correlate AcrAB expression and the presence of mutations in topoisomerase genes with the MIC for fluoroquinolones. The increase in the levels of AcrAB expression did not always increase the MICs, suggesting that isolated AcrAB expression does not generate high MIC values. Furthermore, the expression of the efflux pump was reported as being responsible only for baseline resistance.26
In this study, strains of S. Enteritidis without QRDR mutations in the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC or parE showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. The expression of genes associated with the efflux pump seems to have influenced this reduction. Strains 121-1, 135-2, 91-1 and 238-2 of S. Enteritidis showed a GM of 4.94, 4.25, 5.25 and 15.26, respectively. In this group, it is important to note that strain 135-2 presented marA expression of 122, and strain 238-2 of S. Enteritidis increased expression of both the soxS and ramA genes as well as marA (Table 2).
The expression of marA is induced by a number of substances, including quinolones.27 The marA gene is able to mediatedrugresistanceby decreasingexpressionofthe OmpF porin and causing overexpression of the AcrB efflux pump.6,16 Studies with E. coli reported MIC values for ofloxacin up to eightfold higher in strains with overexpression of the marA gene, in comparison to strains that only had mutations in gyrA.12,28,29 Kern et al.30 observed that the rate of successful treatment of E. coli with fluoroquinolones was significantly lower in strains that expressed marA. In clinical isolates, increased levels of AcrAB pump gene expression may arise due to changes in marA or to bactericidal protection generated by the regulators of this gene. The fact that the marA gene is associated with the marRAB operon activator suggests its use (marA) as a target for studies on strategies against microbial resistance.25
The soxS gene was the most expressed, after marA, in the non-mutated strains analyzed in this study. This gene is the transcription activator that positively regulates the expression of more than 20 genes related to the increased synthesis of proteins associated with the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump.31-33 The SoxRS regulatory system protects cells against oxidative stress generated by various antimicrobials.32 The S. Enteritidis strain 238-2, without mutations in gyrA, showed expression of the soxS gene and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Kehrenberg et al.34 observed an eightfold increase in the Cip- MIC values of S. Virchow strains when soxS was expressed but no relationship with the presence of gyrA mutations.
The expression of efflux pump genes was practically zero for the Heidelberg serovar strain (GM = 0.63), which showed the highest CipMIC among all the strains analyzed in this study. It suggests that this reduction in susceptibility is due to the intrinsic resistance commonly observed in this serovar.35
The Corvallis serovar presented a CipMIC of 0.5 µg/mL, but no mutation in the QRDR region of the topoisomerase genes that correlates with the low expression levels for the studied genes related to efflux pumps. However, the reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin observed may relate to the presence of the qnrB19 plasmid gene. According to Li, 36 the qnr gene facilitates the selection of chromosomal mutations related to quinolone resistance in S. enterica by significantly increasing the levels at which mutants can be selected.
The 232-2 S. Enteritidis strain presented a CipMIC of 0.5 µg/mL and did not express any of the studied genes linked to the efflux pump. It is possible that alternative mechanisms of gene regulation, such as acrR, that are independent of marsox-rob were responsible for controlling the expression of AcrB in S. enterica.37 Mutations in genes controlling the transcription or expression of other genes, such as acrD, acrA or tolC15 may also be involved, in addition to the AcrEF efflux previously described in S. enterica.38,39
Another possibility for the reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin observed in strain 232-2 could be mutations in gyrA outside the QRDR region. Capoor et al.40 have suggested an increase to the regional boundaries that include the QRDR of the gyrA gene because mutations associated with resistance to quinolones were observed beyond the current domain.
In this study, we observed that strains resistant to NAL may express genes associated with the efflux pump as a form of primary resistance to this drug. This mechanism may perform a pre-selection for less sensitive strains, with the subsequent emergence of mutated and resistant strains. One possible mechanism to increase the life of quinolones and fluoroquinolones would be the development of inhibitors of the AcrAB-TolC system, which could minimize the selection of strains resistant to NAL. The expression of the AcrAB-TolC pump genes seems to occur independently of mutations in gyrA, because strains without mutations in the QRDR regions of the topoisomerase genes evaluated in this study presented higher expression of the genes associated with the efflux pumps. However, the results indicate the need for additional studies to better understand the complex interplay between the expression and regulation of efflux pump genes and other mechanisms of resistance to quinolones in S. enterica.
Conflict of interest
All authors declare to have no conflict of interest.
We would like to acknowledge CNPq and Capes for financial support in the form of PhD scholarships awarded to RF and MM.
1. Eaves DJ, Ricci V, Piddock LJ. Expression of acrB, acrF, acrD, marA, and soxS in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: role in multiple antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:1145-50. [ Links ]
2. Randall LP, Woodward MJ. The multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus and its significance. Res Vet Sci. 2002;72:87-93. [ Links ]
3. Baucheron S, Tyler S, Boyd D, Mulvey MR, Chaslus-Dancla E, Cloeckaert A. AcrAB-tolC directs efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:3729-35. [ Links ]
4. Dinh T, Paulsen IT, Saier Jr MH. A family of extracytoplasmic proteins that allow transport of large molecules across the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1994;176:3825-31. [ Links ]
5. Gallegos MT, Schleif R, Bairoch A, Hofmann K, Ramos JL. Arac/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997;61:393-410. [ Links ]
6. Sulavik MC, Dazer M, Miller PF. The Salmonella Typhimurium mar locus: molecular and genetic analyses and assessment of its role in virulence. J Bacteriol. 1997;179:1857-66. [ Links ]
7. Amabile-Cuevas CF, Demple B. Molecular characterization of the soxRS genes of Escherichia coli: two genes control a superoxide stress regulon. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19:4479-84. [ Links ]
8. Skarstad K, Thony B, Hwang DS, Kornberg A. A novel binding protein of the origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:5365-70. [ Links ]
9. Bailey AM, Paulsen IT, Piddock LJ. ramA confers multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica via increased expression of acrB, which is inhibited by chlorpromazine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:3604-11. [ Links ]
10. Martin RG, Gillette WK, Rhee S, Rosner JL. Structural requirements for marbox function in transcriptional activation of mar/sox/rob regulon promoters in Escherichia coli: sequence, orientation and spatial relationship to the core promoter. Mol Microbiol. 1999;34:431-41. [ Links ]
11. Demple B. Redox signaling and gene control in the Escherichia coli soxRS oxidative stress regulon - a review. Gene. 1996;179:53-7. [ Links ]
12. Zheng J, Cui S, Meng J. Effect of transcriptional activators ramA and soxS on expression of multidrug efflux pumps acrAB and acrEF in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63:95-102. [ Links ]
13. George AM, Hall RM, Stokes HW. Multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a novel gene, ramA, confers a multidrug resistance phenotype in Escherichia coli. Microbiology. 1995;141:1909-20. [ Links ]
14. Nishino K, Latifi T, Groisman EA. Virulence and drug resistance roles of multidrug efflux systems of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mol Microbiol. 2006;59:126-41. [ Links ]
15. Ricci V, Tzakas P, Buckley A, Piddock LJ. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains are difficult to select in the absence of acrB and tolC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:38-42. [ Links ]
16. Alekshun MN, Levy SB. Regulation of chromosomally mediated multiple antibiotic resistance: the mar regulon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:2067-75. [ Links ]
17. Miller PF, Gambino LF, Sulavik MC, Gracheck SJ. Genetic relationship between soxRS and mar loci in promoting multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38:1773-9. [ Links ]
18. Randall LP, Woodward MJ. Multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:1190-7. [ Links ]
19. Pfaffl MW. Relative quantification. In: Dorak MT, editor. Real-time PCR. New York: Taylor and Francis Group; 2006. [ Links ]
20. Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987;162:156-9. [ Links ]
21. Chico V, Gomez N, Estepa A, Perez L. Rapid detection and quantification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in experimentally challenged rainbow trout by real-time RTI-PCR. J Virol Methods. 2006;132:154-9. [ Links ]
22. Radonic A, Thulke S, Mackay IM, et al. Guideline to reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;313:856-62. [ Links ]
23. Ling JM, Chan EW, Lam AW, Cheng AF. Mutations in topoisomerase genes of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonellae in Hong Kong. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:3567-73. [ Links ]
24. Nishino K, Yamaguchi A. Analysis of a complete library of putative drug transporter genes in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2001;183:5803-12. [ Links ]
25. Morgan-Linnell SK, Becnel BL, Steffen D, Zechiedrich L. Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:235-41. [ Links ]
26. Saenz Y, Ruiz J, Zarazaga M, Teixido M, Torres C, Vila J. Effect of the efflux pump inhibitor phe-arg-beta-naphthylamide on the MIC values of the quinolones, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in Escherichia coli isolates of different origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;53:544-5. [ Links ]
27. Piddock LJ. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella serovars isolated from humans and food animals. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002;26:3-16. [ Links ]
28. Oethinger M, Podglajen I, Kern WV, Levy SB. Overexpression of the marA or soxS regulatory gene in clinical topoisomerase mutants of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:2089-94. [ Links ]
29. Sun Y, Dai M, Hao H, et al. The role of RamA on the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2012;6:23471. [ Links ]
30. Kern WV, Oethinger M, Jellen-Ritter AS, Levy SB. Non-target gene mutations in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:814-20. [ Links ]
31. Aono R. Improvement of organic solvent tolerance level of Escherichia coli by overexpression of stress-responsive genes. Extremophiles. 1998;2:239-48. [ Links ]
32. Imlay JA. Cellular defenses against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Annu Rev Biochem. 2008;77:755-76. [ Links ]
33. Delihas N, Forst S. Micf: an antisense RNA gene involved in response of Escherichia coli to global stress factors. J Mol Biol. 2001;313:1-12. [ Links ]
34. Kehrenberg C, Cloeckaert A, Klein G, Schwarz S. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of Salmonella serovars other than Typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of ramA and soxS. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;64:1175-80. [ Links ]
35. Clothier KA, Kinyon JM, Frana TS. Comparison of Salmonella serovar isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns from porcine samples between 2003 and 2008. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2011;22:578-82. [ Links ]
36. Li XZ. Quinolone resistance in bacteria: emphasis on plasmid-mediated mechanisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005;25:453-63. [ Links ]
37. Piddock LJ, White DG, Gensberg K, Pumbwe L, Griggs DJ. Evidence for an efflux pump mediating multiple antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:3118-21. [ Links ]
38. Jellen-Ritter AS, Kern WV. Enhanced expression of the multidrug efflux pumps acrAB and acrEF associated with insertion element transposition in Escherichia coli mutants selected with a fluoroquinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:1467-72. [ Links ]
39. Olliver A, Valle M, Chaslus-Dancla E, Cloeckaert A. Overexpression of the multidrug efflux operon acrEF by insertional activation with is1 or is10 elements in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT204 acrB mutants selected with fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:289-301. [ Links ]
40. Capoor MR, Nair D, Walia NS, et al. Molecular analysis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and S. Paratyphi A: need to expand the QRDR region? Epidemiol Infect. 2009;137:871-8. [ Links ]
Received 11 April 2012
Accepted 13 September 2012
Available online 28 February 2013
* Corresponding author at: Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Londrina, PR, Brazil. E-mail address: email@example.com (R.G. Ferrari).


text:
Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment Study. EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. Are You Being Stalked? This is for informational purposes only.
Stalking Information. Also see: Are You Being Stalked?
(Brochure) Es usted victima de acecho? Stalking Fact Sheet Acecho: hoja de informacion. Victims' Rights. What Are Victims' Rights?
All states and the federal government have passed laws to establish a set of victims' rights. In general, these laws require that victims have certain information, protections, and a limited role in the criminal justice process. Victims' rights depend on the laws of the jurisdiction where the crime is investigated and prosecuted: state, federal or tribal government, or military installation. Who May Exercise Victims' Rights? LAP Info Packet. How Widespread Is Intimate Partner Violence? Statistics from selected NIJ-sponsored studies on the extent of intimate partner violence—often called "domestic violence"—illustrate the scope of the problem.
Approximately 1.3 million women and 835,000 men are physically assaulted by an intimate partner annually in the United States.[1] Women are significantly more likely than men to be injured during an intimate partner assault (39 percent compared with 24.8 percent).[2] Intimate partner homicides make up 40–50 percent of all murders of women in the United States. . [1], [2], [4], [6], [7] Tjaden, P., and N. Thoennes. Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey . Danger Assessment Instrument. The Danger Assessment (DA) instrument is designed to assess the likelihood of lethality or near lethality occurring in a case of intimate partner violence (IPV).
The most important risk factor for intimate partner homicide (IPH) is prior domestic violence. Even though abused women are fairly good assessors of their own risk of reassault, they often underestimate the risk of homicide. In a major multi-city case control study of intimate partner femicide (IPF), only about half (46%) of victims accurately predicted that her husband, boyfriend, or ex-partner was capable of killing her. Original Development The DA was developed in consultation on item wording and content validity from battered women, advocates, law enforcement officials, and other clinical experts on battering. The DA first assesses severity and frequency of battering by asking an abused woman to mark on a calendar the approximate days when physically abusive incidents occurred, ranking their severity on a scale of 1 to 5.
Assessing and Managing the Risks in the Stalking Situation. + Author Affiliations Address correspondence to Paul E.
Mullen, MB, BS, DSc., Thomas Embling Hospital, Locked Bag 10, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia. E-mail: email@example.com. F1.large.jpg (JPEG Image, 1280 × 870 pixels) - Scaled (80%) Network for surviving stalking - Are you worried? Can we predict if a stalker is goint to get violent?
Drs Lorraine Sheridan and Karl Roberts are international experts on stalking. This is the Stalking Risk Checklist they produced for the Association of Chief Police Officers ACPO. Creating an Effective Stalking Protocol. Intimate Partner Stalking: Criminal Justice System Response. Limited information exists about the rates of reasons victims do not report partner stalking to the reporting partner stalking to the police.
Police appear to have a limited understanding of partner stalking as shown through surveys, key informant interviews, and actual charges. Consistent with arrests for partner stalking, charges and convictions for partner stalking are relatively rare. Stalking Safety Planning. Overview Several murders of stalking victims have highlighted the fact that people who stalk can be very dangerous.
Stalkers can threaten, attack, sexually assault and even kill their victims. Unfortunately, there is no single psychological or behavioral profile that can predict what stalkers will do. Stalkers' behaviors can escalate, from more indirect ways of making contact (e.g. sending email or repeated phone calling) to more personal ways (delivering things to the victim's doorstep or showing up at their work). Many victims struggle with how to respond to the stalker. Intimate Partner Stalking: Criminal Justice System Response. Assessing and Managing the Risks in the Stalking Situation.
+ Author Affiliations Address correspondence to Paul E.
Mullen, MB, BS, DSc., Thomas Embling Hospital, Locked Bag 10, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia. E-mail: email@example.com Abstract Stalking is a common social problem, often driven by psychiatric disorder in its perpetrators and productive of psychological and social damage in its victims. Actuarial risk assessment began with attempts to derive correlations that could contribute to evaluating the probabilities of future criminality across a wide range of offenders and contexts. Assessing and Managing the Risks in the Stalking Situation. Network for surviving stalking - Are you worried? Creating an Effective Stalking Protocol. Center for Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement - Community-Based Crime Prevention.
There are a variety of crime prevention programs/ strategies that use specific approaches to anticipate, recognize, appraise, and address crime and/or the factors contributing to crime. Crime prevention may be targeted at different levels including the individual, community, family, or particular types of locations. Usually, individual level crime prevention refers to initial avoidance of crime; that is preventing someone from ever committing a crime.
These types of crime prevention programs typically target risk factors shown to be related to offending. Sometimes, the term crime prevention is used in reference to programs that are designed to prevent individuals from committing subsequent crimes (i.e., recidivating). Crime prevention programs or strategies focused on the community may target changes in the community infrastructure, culture or physical nature in order to reduce crime. Routine Activity Theory (RAT) - Crime Prevention - City of North Miami Beach, Florida There are many theories around that attempt to explain how and why crimes occur, but this one is a well-known theory which provides a straightforward explanation of why crimes occur. It can be used as a practical tool by crime reduction/prevention practitioners to analyse crime problems.
RAT argues that when a crime occurs, three things happen at the same time and in the same space: a suitable target is availablethere is the lack of a suitable guardian to prevent the crime from happeninga likely and motivated offender is present.A Suitable Target The first condition for crime is that a suitable target must be available. The word target has been chosen carefully, rather than other words such as victim. Routine Activities Theory - Criminal Justice - IResearchNet. Routine activities theory is a theory of crime events. This differs from a majority of criminological theories, which focus on explaining why some people commit crimes—that is, the motivation to commit crime— rather than how criminal events are produced. Topic: Community Crime Prevention Strategies - CrimeSolutions.gov. Chapter 3: Rational Choice And Routine Activities Theory. This section of the report looks at rational choice theory and one of its subsidiaries, routine activities theory. The discussion will commence with an explanation of each of the theoretical perspectives.
The research literature is then reviewed, exploring the applicability and limitations of the perspectives. Statistics: Reporting Systems and Methods - Unofficial Crime Statistics - Self, Victimization, Crimes, and Official. Even though most of the fundamental problems with official crime statistics had been identified before the end of the nineteenth century, including the major problem of the dark figure of unknown crime, it was not until the mid-twentieth century that systematic attempts to unravel some of the mysteries of official statistics were initiated. Turning to data sources outside of the official agencies of criminal justice, unofficial crime statistics were generated in order to explore the dark figure of crime that did not become known to the police, to create measures of crime that were independent of the official registrars of crime and crime control, and to address more general validity and reliability issues in the measurement of crime.
There are two categories of unofficial data sources: social-science and private-agency records. BJA Center for Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement - Community-Based Crime Prevention. Routine Activity Theory (RAT) - Crime Prevention - City of North Miami Beach, Florida Routine Activities Theory - Criminal Justice - IResearchNet. Laws on violence against women. Home > Violence Against Women > Laws on violence against women Click the red escape button above to immediately leave this site if your abuser may see you reading it. The U.S. Congress has passed two main laws related to violence against women, the Violence Against Women Act and the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act.
The Violence Against Women Act. Are You Being Stalked? This is for informational purposes only. Crime Against Women - A Brief History of Laws in the US. How the OJ Simpson Case Helped Fight Domestic Violence. "Things are really bad between OJ and I, and he's going to kill me, and he's going to get away with it." Nicole Brown Simpson's letter to O.J. Simpson. Nicole Brown Simpson's letter to O.J. Facing the Rage. ON FRI., JUNE 10, TWO DAYS BEFORE SHE WAS MURDERED, NICOLE Brown Simpson seemed in uncharacteristically high spirits. "I want to talk to you," she told her close friend and neighbor Ron Hardy over the phone. Laws on violence against women. TIMELINE OF THE BATTERED WOMENS MOVEMENT. Timeline. Womanspace, Inc. celebrates its more than 30 year history by recognizing milestones that have shaped our history and have influenced the environment in which the agency now operates.
A warm, heartfelt appreciation goes out to everyone who has contributed to the richness that represents our history. Creating an Effective Stalking Protocol. Untitled. Unit 7 Critical Issues in Domestic Violence. Nicole Brown Simpson - - Biography.com. Nicole Simpson was the former wife of football star O.J. Simpson. She was murdered, along with her friend, Ron Goldman, at her Los Angeles home on June 12, 1994. Synopsis Nicole Brown Simpson was born in Frankfurt, Germany, on May 19, 1959. Her family eventually settled into a new life in Southern California, where, in 1977, while working as a waitress, Nicole first met football star O.J. Early Years. A Theory of Crime Problems. Preventing another Columbine. Learning the Lessons of Columbine. Columbine to Newtown: A tragic list of school shootings since 1999. Arthur Shawcross - Murderer - Biography.com. Serial Killers: Nature vs. Nurture. Applying Serial Murder to Social Learning Theory - Serial Murder & Social Learning Theory.
Social Construction: A Study of Theory in Relation to Serial Murder ~ Criminology & Justice. Modus Operandi: Crime, Policing and Profiling: Arthur Shawcross: The Genesee River Killer. The Four Theories of Victimization. Psychology of Victimhood, Don't Blame the Victim, Article by Ofer Zur, Ph.D. Women 'to blame' for being raped. The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression. Is Pornography a Catalyst of Sexual Violence? The Sunny Side of Smut. BOLD - Violence Against Women on the Internet - Pornography and Sexual Violence. Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime.


text:
Monday, 17 December 2018
With Waterdrop-Shaped Notch Xiaomi Redmi 7 Pro Spotted on TENAA
By Gujarat Ojas at December 17, 2018
Share this
With Waterdrop-Shaped Notch Xiaomi Redmi 7 Pro Spotted on TENAA
Last week, the Xiaomi Redmi 7 show had been alleged to have passed 3C certificate, and the Redmi 7 Pro has passed through TENAA also, tipping specifications and layout details. The smartphone has been seen sporting a waterdrop-shaped top-notch, a dual camera set in the trunk, along with a back fingerprint sensor also. To remember, all three versions are tipped to include 4G LTE service and 5V/2A charging which may translate into 10W charge service.
The TENAA list says the newest Xiaomi version with version number M1901F9T will arrive in a shiny black version, and game a waterdrop-shaped top notch, just as with other mid-range tablets from Vivo and Oppo lately. Pictures shared on TENAA, as stated, reveal a double rear camera set up and a back fingerprint sensor too. The camera set is piled and protrudes fairly from this shell, and also is seen shielded by a silver ring. The quantity and power buttons are located on the perfect border of the gadget.
Additionally, it escapes a few specifications, along with the list states the Redmi 7 Pro sport 147.76x71.89x7.8millimeter measurements, a 5.84-inch screen, along with a 2,900mAh battery. Since this version sports a 5.84-inch screen, like the Redmi 6 Pro, it's predicted to function as its own successor - presumably referred to as the Redmi 7 Pro. The TENAA listings were seen from Fonearena.
All these are mostly expected to function as Redmi 7 series versions -Redmi 7A, Redmi 7, and Redmi 7 Pro - successors into the Redmi 6 household that surfaced in June this year.
It's worth noting that Redmi 6 models started this season internally carried version numbers starting with"M18". The newest models are seen on TENAA and 3C certificates all start with"M19", giving more weight to the claim that all these are really the newest Redmi 7 series variations from the offing. Xiaomi could unveil the brand new versions in early 2019.
Subscribe to: Post Comments ( Atom )


text:
iPad Mini 4 Cases
Genuine Leather Tablet Cases for iPad Mini 4
Shop our range of genuine leather iPad Mini 4 cases. Our iPad Mini 4 Smart covers offer full protection for your device and multiple stand positions so you can use your iPad in different viewing and typing positions.
Got a different model? Why not check our range of iPad Mini covers and iPad Mini 5 covers.
Shop by Category
Phone Cases
- Apple
- Samsung
- Huawei
- iPad Cases
- Accessories


text:
The second traditional night blast of the year is on September 6th. The blast honors the dual anniversaries of the 1877 death of Crazy Horse and of the 1908 birth of sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski.
The Black Hills and Badlands know how to catch the eye during the fall with a new color to be discovered on every tree, rock, canyon, and creek. Fiery reds and oranges, deep purples and blues, and local festivities and flavors to highlight the beauty of the region.
This fall, see all the color and wonder the area has to offer with these spectacular events. Festivals with beer, pumpkins and music, marathons all over the hills, varieties of Halloween entertainment and celebrations of Lakota culture—carve out a fantastic fall in the Black Hills and Badlands with these incredible events!
In September, school busses flood the street once again as we transistion away from summer, but the fun doesn't end. It's the perfect time for festivals, pumpkins, buffalo roundups, hiking and more! To see a full list of events in the first month of fall, check out our September Events blog.
October is the month of roasting pumpkin seeds and decorating everything with fake cobwebs. The Black Hills and Badlands will be full of spooky delights, candy, and lit up in splendid shades of autumn as the days get colder. Powwows, parades, fall hiking and great outdoor events to tie up the season before things begin to frost over.
For a full line up of festivals and events in the Black Hills and Badlands, visit our Events Calendar.


text:
Find the nearest Family Fun in Whitstable
Family friendly festivals, workshops and other events Whitstable Kent
Whitstable Kent Guide to key events on offer suitable for families. Browse listings of family friendly festivals, workshops, exhibitions and other activities to enjoy in Kent.
Finding out what's on in Whitstable is easy – simply explore the event links below.
No listings were found matching your selection. Something missing? Why not add a listing?.


text:
Koffee Bird is proud with it's very first game! Reflexus is a simple game designed to have quick gameplay (you can play a round in under 2 minutes) but still try to impose some challenge. All you need to do is to tap the correct node of a wheel and get a good average time – however, new symbols on the wheel will appear, adding meaning to the nodes and potentially changing the correct one. Are you fast enough to accept this challenge?
There are a few updates planned, but I'm not sure how long they will take or how big they will be yet.


text:
Is there a way to find this out for all Web Mapping Applications (WMAs), rather than going to each individual Web Mapping Application (WMA) to see the web map it consumes?
For example, if an organization has 100 WMAs, that assumes 100 web maps, correct?
How do I find out what those 100 web maps are without drilling into the WMAs?
I'm kind of thinking big picture.
Another scenario I have is one in which I would like to delete a web map, but am not sure if it is being used in any WMAs.
How would I find this out?
I spoke to GeoJobe, and at this time the admin tools do not support this need.


text:
So, I finished Neil Stephenson's book Anathem several weeks ago and have been wanting to write something about it, but I've struggled over where to begin. This is a very large book, and can be difficult to get through at times, but in the end I found it to be a very satisfying journey.
First I'll talk about the world. The vastness of the world he has created and the detail he goes into to describe it rivals that of Tolkien. It takes place in a world that is almost, but not quite, ours. While reading the book you are educated on much of this world's history to understand how it got to the state it which we find the characters.
The protagonist is a man named Erasmas who lives in the concent of Saunt Edhar. This is much like a monastery but where the god who is studies and worshiped is math and science. Stephenson has created an entire new dictionary that he uses when telling this story. But learning the terminology is not too hard of a challenge as each new chapter begins with a new definition. I'm sure the print version of the book has a glossary, but since I was listening to the audio version, I did not have this tool. I became so familiar with the terms as I was reading the book that I began to think of my iPhone as a "Jeejah".
Much of this book reads like a metaphysical lecture. The characters must dive into the depths of mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy to solve the mystery of an seeming alien ship that has presented itself. And the journey is fascinating.
I don't want to go any farther for fear of spoiling the book. But, if you are a fan of hard science fiction, and the size and depth of the book does not scare you away, I highly recommend reading this.


text:
FLASHBACK TO 2013: Commuters help push an OC Transpo bus out of the snow
_ EDITOR'S NOTE: Here's a photo from Feb. 27, 2013 of some commuters pushing a 118 Hurdman that got stuck in the snow. It was taken around 4:45 p.m. near Baseline and Greenbank. Republished with permission from the photographer, Tadja Roy. _
_ (At the time, OC Transpo boss John Manconi told the media that bus passengers should not do this. Oh well.) _


text:
- Name: Jack D'Avare
- Occupation: Mercenary
- Guild: Sovereign
- Weapon: Dual swordsman
- Element: Fire
- Family: n/a
Jack is a flirtatious, enigmatic mercenary in Sovereign. He is known for his carefree, playful attitude and light-hearted humor.
He is the connoisseur for his apprentice, Melissa. Their relationship involves Jack constantly calling Melissa his "cute apprentice," much to Melissa's annoyance. Melissa is often annoyed with Jack's playfulness and teasing, but they still maintain a strong relationship as mentor to protege. In episode five, Jack is shown to blame himself for Melissa's unconscious state, and Kyle had lashed out on him, telling him he had to stop being so careless and irresponsible. Although portrayed as someone who doesn't take things seriously, he is shown to be by Melissa's side whenever she is in the hospital, and feels bad about the stress and burden Shaun puts on himself.
Jack's Story
Jack's past is very troubled and is detailed in the episode Jack's Story. He was still a one-handed swordsman when he grew up with his best friend Rose. The two were very close and formed an intimate relationship during mercenary training, but were separated when Jack went to Sovereign and Rose went to the guild Seraph. Rose would also tease Jack about how she will be able to protect him once she completes her mercenary training, as Seraph specializes in defensive techniques. During the Great War, many mecenaries from the guilds were hired to fight for the Royal Court. Jack sees Rose for the first time in over a year when he ends up in the medical tent for an injury tending to the injured. While Rose is healing him, Jack overhears a soldier refusing to send a soldier to find a frantic mother's son who was left behind in the battlefield. Determined to save him, Jack gets up mid-way through his healing and promises the mother he will find the boy, who he learns is named Oscar. Rose reprimands him and tells him not go because it is dangerous, but Jack goes anyway. Jack ventures into the ruined village at the site of the last battlefield in search of Oscar, who he finds huddled behind a pile of rubble. As they begin their return to the campsite, they are attacked by a mercenary hired by the enemy. Jack engages the mercenary in battle. Mid-way, however, Oscar throws a extremely well-aimed pebble at the mercenary that hits him in the face. Livid, the mercenary charges toward Oscar, who, in fear, is frozen to the spot. Jack springs in front of Oscar to take the hit of the mercenary's sword, but Rose appears out of nowhere and takes the hit instead. Jack is in shock when he opens his eyes to see the mercenary's sword plunged through Rose's now bloodied body. Rose uses the last of her strength to eliminate the mercenary. Jack holds her in his arms in tears as she takes her last breath and rain begins to fall. Since then, Jack keeps a rose in his mouth in honor of her, uses her sword in his other hand as a shield, and visits her grave annually on the anniversarry of her death.
Season Two
Jack was buried alongside his childhood friend, Rose.
Eruption: This attack was first seen in Jack's side story - Season 1, Episode 5.5. It is a fiery ground attack in which magma and volcanic rock emerge and explode on the enemy.
- Crimson fury burn... eruption!
Rose: Rose and Jack were childhood friends, although romance between them had been hinted. Rose sacrificed herself for Jack. In honor of her, Jack wears a rose in his mouth, uses her sword in his other hand as a shield, and visits her grave every year.
Melissa: Jack is Melissa's connoisseur. The two have a comical relationship as Jack is lazy, playful, and laid-back while Melissa is strict and serious. He likes to flirt with her and often calls her his "cute apprentice." It is shown that Jack cares a lot about the well-being of Melissa, as he is always by her side when Melissa ends up at the hospital after being injured.
Shaun: Jack first sees Shaun when Shaun runs into the forest and starts attacking everything with ice when he is upset for not being able to be like his father. He is deeply touched by this and has great respect for him.
- In Jack's story, Jack's love interest is named Rose. Jack and Rose are the two lovers from Titanic.
- The character concept for Jack came from the flirtatious character Zelos from the RPG game Tales of Symphonia.


text:
Ramon van Handel is an associate professor and a member of the executive committee of the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics (PACM) at Princeton University. He joined Princeton in 2008, first as a postdoc and then as an assistant professor. He received his Ph.D. in 2007 from Caltech. His honors include the NSF CAREER award, the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the Erlang Prize, the Princeton University Graduate Mentoring Award, and several teaching awards.
Van Handel's research interests lie broadly in probability theory and its interactions with other areas of mathematics. He is particularly fascinated by the development of probabilistic principles and methods that explain the common structure in a variety of pure and applied mathematical problems. His recent interests are focused on high-dimensional phenomena in probability, analysis, and geometry. He has also done much work on conditional phenomena in probability and ergodic theory, and on applications of noncommutative probability.
Tutorial: Structured random matrices
I will describe different methods to bound the norms of
random matrices that possess a general underlying structure, such as an
arbitrary variance or covariance pattern of its entries. Such matrices
appear frequently in applications, but the toolbox for understanding their
behavior remains a work in progress. I will discuss classical methods,
some significant recent advances, and open problems in this area.


text:
I've finally got some sort of direction now, apparently I was trying to use the wrong firmware which was causing my false endstop triggers, but now, and it seems this thing has been problem after problem, it won't compile, saying that a "u8g_t was not declared in this scope"
I am just about at the end if my rope here, I just want to get this thing up and running...
I've got to manage libraries>filter search for U8glib, and installed the one by Oliver. However I am now getting a different error. "u8g_t was not declared in this scope" I'm grabbing at straws here, I'm not quite sure what to do..
so I found the file I need, along with it's cpp, and placed it in the same directory, and now the only problem I'm having is "Error compiling for board Arduino/Genuino mega or mega 2560", this is maddening!!!
I've done Sketch>include library>U8glib, and am now recieveing the "u8g_t was not declared in this scope" error again. What am I doing wrong???
These are all the things I've done up to this point to reach this point. I was also having issues with the U8glib.h, but got that figured out I guess.
EDIT 1:I have found in the firmware notes "By default the 12864LCD is endable, you must of the library(?) Install for this otherwise the firmware will fail to compile. If you are using the R Pi or no LCD, disable this in the firmware" however I am unsure if how/where


text:
If you are looking for a site for templates galore, search no more!
Paperscrapz has a variety of templates for cards, scrapbooking, and projects (like the strawberry that I am going to show you today.)
I will call these my "So Berry Special Strawberries".
The strawberry template was submitted to Paperscrapz by Sherry Brickey.
I printed it out and cut out the patterns. Then I enlarged each 150%.
Place the strawberry template to red backside of the cherry paper from Summer Picnic DSP and trace it with a pencil. Then cut it out.
Turn it over and use the black scoring blade on your paper cutter and score each petal to the middle point as well as the end tab.
It should look like this when you are done:
Take a sponge dauber and ink it up in Real Red. Distress the edges for shading and punch holes.
Take the leaf template and place it on textured Wild Wasabi card stock. Trace it with a pencil. Cut it out and distress the edges with a sponge dauber that has been inked up in Wild Wasabi. Punch hole in the middle.
Add a strip of sticky tape to the end tab on the strawberry cut out.
Attach end tab to the inside of the other end of the cut out.
Thread about 11" of Old Olive poly-twill ribbon through the holes of the strawberry cut out. Tighten the top as you go. Fill the inside just before you close it up tight. I filled mine up with watermelon, cherry, and apple Jolly Rancher candies. It makes this smell so fruity!
Take the leaf cut out and use your fingers to curl the ends a little. If you gently rub it between your thumb and forefinger, the warmth of your fingers will help curl the ends without creasing the card stock.
Attach the leaf cut out to the strawberry box by threading both ends of the ribbon through the hole. Tie a double knot up on top.
I hope you think these are "so berry special" strawberries and find this tutorial helpful!
Monday's Fun Day winner!
This one is from:
Random Integer Generator
Here are your random numbers:
Timestamp: 2008-05-03 06:42:13 UTC
That makes Veronica (So Many Stamps, So Little Time) my next Monday's Fun Day winner! Congratulations! Email me (email@example.com) and I will get your package out in the mail on Monday!
Friday, May 02, 2008
3-D Friday - So berry special strawberries! ~ Monday's Fun Day Winner too!
Posted by Jane Izumi Matsumoto at 3:25 PM 24 comments
Labels: Stampin' Up, Tutorials
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
"I was a Top Fuel (drag) racer for 25 years," says Doug Herbert. "I had a pretty good career, winning a lot of races and championships."
But then came Jan. 6, 2008.
"My two boys were driving to McDonald's on a Saturday morning," Herbert says.
Jon, 17, was behind the wheel that day in North Carolina; his brother, James, 12, was a passenger. Their little sister was at home with their mom, who called Herbert — who was on the road for work — with the unfathomable news.
"They were going too fast, not being safe, lost control," Herbert says. "I lost both my boys. I wish I could change that, but I can't. Afterward, I thought, 'I've got to do something.'
"One thing I know is driving. I decided to use my love of cars and driving to help other teens and other families hopefully avoid this kind of tragedy."
Unfortunately, it is a common tragedy.
"What I didn't know, when my boys were in that car crash, is that this is the number one killer of teenagers, more than the next four causes," says Herbert, now 49, of Charlotte, N.C. "I thought, 'Why don't we hear about this? Why isn't there more awareness?'"
Herbert is trying to change that with B.R.A.K.E.S. (Be Responsible And Keep Everyone Safe) — a nonprofit with a mission of preventing injuries and saving lives by training and educating teenage drivers and their parents about the importance of safe and responsible driving.
"We offered our first class in 2008 to 50 of our boys' friends," he says. "It was pretty good therapy and fun, too."
Word spread.
"Everyone wanted to know: 'When are we going to do it again?' " Herbert says.
Because there are always more new drivers out there who have a lot to learn — and parents who are worried about them.
"I thought, 'Maybe this is my calling,' " Herbert says.
It's a calling that is growing: Since its founding, the program has been held in dozens of local markets across the nation and has worked with more than 25,000 teen drivers.
The nonprofit has gotten some roadside assistance along the way.
"At one class, a parent asked me, 'Where do you get these cars?' " Herbert says. "When I said, 'These are rental cars,' he said, 'You're not going to rent cars anymore.' "
Turns out, that dad worked for Kia.
"Kia is now our official vehicle sponsor," Herbert says. "We now have two fleets of Kia vehicles — one on the East Coast, one on the West Coast, and they deliver them to each class."
Utilizing those vehicles provided by Kia Motors — as well as support from Minneapolis and St. Cloud Kia dealers — the national teen defensive-driving program will make a stop in Maple Grove on Aug. 26 and 27.
A step "cooler" than driver's ed, the nonprofit uses former Secret Service agents, police officers and professional race car drivers to train fledgling teen drivers — and their parents — in car control and vehicle dynamics (and no worries, parents: B.R.A.K.E.S. takes place on a controlled course and at slow speeds, with an instructor/student ratio of 1:3).
Still, teens aren't always enthusiastic — at least, not at first — when their parents sign up the family for a weekend class focusing on safety (a parent must attend with the teen).
This changes fast, though.
"We start off in a classroom setting with a video explaining what B.R.A.K.E.S. is," Herbert says. "That wakes everybody up. Now the teens understand why they're here. They also feel the sincerity of everybody that is there — most of our instructors have a reason to be there, many of them have also lost somebody. Once they realized that 'everyone here is trying to help me,' it becomes really neat."
The kids also learn a lot behind those wheels.
"Most teens, you know, they think they already know everything," Herbert says. "About 20 or 30 minutes after they get into the cars, well, they realize that they don't. It opens them up and they become sponges. It just changes their whole way of thinking about driving."
They also think it's fun.
"By the end of the driving class, they're all smiles," Herbert says.
"This experience just changes the whole way they think about driving — we give them a lot of respect for the car," Herbert says.
To qualify for the program, Minnesota teens must have their permits and have logged at least 30 hours behind the wheel so that they are ready for this next level.
"Basically, driver's ed gets them ready to take their driver's test," Herbert says. "But we are getting them ready for real-world situations: We're teaching them how to deal with everything from other drivers to slippery roads to emergency situations — skills that they (and their parents) can use for the rest of their lives."
Distracted driving is also a focus. In a way, Herbert's advice is simple.
"When I drive my race car, I'm focused on driving that car," Herbert says. "One of my messages to teens is that if you drive your car, you're going to be a pretty good driver if you focus on it, even without the training. I think parents need to hear that, too."
Specifically, students get to take part in five hands-on exercises to educate them about collision avoidance, off-road recovery, distraction, panic stopping and driving skills for bad weather (including skid recovery). Parents also get to try out some of these exercises.
At the end of the class, parents and teens come together again for a wrap up and the issuing of certificates.
Herbert wants parents to know: Participants are 64 percent less likely to get into an accident within the first three years after completing the course, according to a study that the nonprofit commissioned.
"The study compared 5,000 teens over a five-year period," Herbert says. "They compared teens trained by B.R.A.K.E.S. compared to standard teens in the same age group. When I saw the difference — that our teens are 64 percent less likely to be in a crash … well … I realized that our boys' lives have made a difference. They are making a difference."
- What: The B.R.A.K.E.S. Teen Pro-Active Driving School is a free defensive-driving program, a nonprofit founded by drag-racing champion Doug Herbert after he lost his two sons in a car crash.
- Who: This four-hour, hands-on course is designed for teens ages 15-19 who already have a learner's permit or driver's license and have at least 30 hours of driving experience. Note: At least one parent must accompany their teen/teens.
- How it works: Utilizing vehicles provided by Kia Motors and support from Minneapolis and St. Cloud Kia dealers, the B.R.A.K.E.S. program offers teens advanced behind-the-wheel instruction by ex-law enforcement and professional racing drivers, teaching the teens and their parents how to be safer on the road. Exercises include distracted driving awareness, panic braking, crash avoidance and skid control.
- When: 8 a.m. to noon or 1 to 5 p.m. Aug. 26 or 27 at Manheim Auto Auction in Maple Grove (note: Depending on demand, B.R.A.K.E.S. hopes to make Minnesota a regular stop on its ongoing national schedule).
- Cost: Free (but a $99 refundable deposit is required to secure your reservation, check website for details).
- Register: Putonthebrakes.org


text:
I am very excited to announce RecipeTrader - my newest React.js demo website. RecipeTrader is a social network for sharing culinary recipes. It features user registration, login, and profile creation - all securely authenticated by JSON Web Token. Users can post recipes, and even like and comment on other users' submissions.
This full-stack project employs a MongoDB backend, Express.js API, and a React.js frontend with Redux.js state management, and routes through React-router. It is deployed via a Heroku CI/CD pipeline, streamlined with Webpack, and accessible at recipetrader-demo.herokuapp.com[Read More]


text:
Kristyn Clarke of PopCultureMadness.com and ConcertBlogger.com conducted an interview with FILTER on June 20 at the Electric Factory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. You can now watch the chat below.
According to The Pulse Of Radio, FILTER has just launched a campaign through the international crowdfunding site Indiegogo to raise money that will help offset the costs of the band's world tour in support of its new album, "The Sun Comes Out Tonight". Fans can head to Indiegogo now and bid on a number of VIP incentives, ranging from a minimal $10 digital download of the new record to a $3,500 package that includes a signed guitar, VIP backstage access, drum heads, a gold vinyl record and a T-shirt.
Other incentives include the chance to have coffee with frontman Richard Patrick when he comes to a venue near you, a Skype session with the full band, the opportunity to create your own set list for the group to play and joining Patrick's postcard club, through which you'll receive hand-written postcards from the frontman every month for the rest of the year.
The group hopes to raise $40,000, all of which will go toward touring costs. Patrick said in a statement, "Over the last couple of months we have observed the success that this method has produced for several bands and artists alike. It's an unusual method, but it's a new method and it seems this is a way for us to connect with you, our fans, on a much more personal level. We like that."
Patrick told The Pulse Of Radio that playing new songs in front of an audience is what it's all about for him. "You know, we played Rockville (festival) and I didn't announce that we were playing any new stuff until after we played it," he said. "Halfway through the song, they're moshing, going crazy, and stuff's being thrown around and, you know, the kids are just having the best time. We want that initial reaction where, you know, everyone's feeling it and just immediately identifies with it, and that's what every musician wants, you know."
"The Sun Comes Out Tonight" arrived in stores on June 4 and sold 8,000 copies in its first week of release.
The follow-up to 2010's "The Trouble With Angels" is the first release through the group's new deal with Wind-Up Records. The first single, "What Do You Say", recently landed in the Top 25 on the Active Rock radio chart.
FILTER is on the road now, splitting its time between headlining shows and dates on the Summerland Tour with LIVE and EVERCLEAR.


text:
Humic acids (HA) make up an important component of soil humus related to the maintenance of soil water-holding capacity, stabilization of soil structure and fertility and vital activity of soil micro-organisms, plants and animals. Additionally, obtaining humic substances (HS) from vermicompost has shown to be a promising alternative for large scale use in agriculture. Humic substances (HS) are also major components of natural organic matter (NOM) in soil and water as well as in geological organic deposits.
This book includes chapters on vermicompost-derived liquid humus in low-input and small-scale farming; the production of liquid organic fertilizers enriched with humic substances from olive mill wastes; mechanisms of protective action of the HUMI preparation on wheat plant response to toxic ions; the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy on silver plasmonic nanoparticles as innovative techniques to study humic substances; the complexation of metal ions with humus substances in soils and water and the final chapter examines the natural organic matter in drinking water.
(Imprint: Nova)


text:
Varietal Facts
Wine Basics — Grape Varietals 101: Merlot
An introductory guide to Merlot wine. Everything you need to know about the grape variety including flavour, food pairings and growing regions...
Try Merlot Wine if You Like Malbec. Overview of Merlot Wine Medium to full body wine with medium tannin and acidity. Flavours of plum and chocolate. How To Pronounce the grape Merlot: Mehr-LÅ Why We Like Merlot Wine Itâs a wallflower that can knock your socks off when itâs good quality. Some...
Wine Basics — Grape Varietals 101: Aglianico
An introductory guide to Aglianico wine. Everything you need to know about the grape variety including flavour, food pairings, growing regions...
Try a Aglianico wine if you like Nebbiolo (Barolo) Overview of the Aglianico wine varietal A complex, tannic red wine with intense colour and flavours. Why we like the Aglianico varietal, grape, and wine A wine like Aglianico with high tannins and high acidity make great food wines. Powerful flavours...
Local Deals
Community Reviews
How would you rate this wine?
Be the first to add a review!
About the Producer
Arrowleaf Cellars
Lake Country, British Columbia, Canada
A Family-Owned Winery in the Okanagan Valley Arrowleaf Cellars is a family business owned and operated by Swiss Canadians Joe and Margrit Zuppiger and their son Manuel Zuppiger. With two decades of farming experience in both fruit growing and dairy operations, Joe and Margrit were looking to try something...
More by the Producer
More Reds
Roanoke Vineyards 2012 Cabernet Sauvigno...
Roanoke Vineyards
Cabernet Sauvignon
Long Island, United States


text:
Select your customs options
With real women, it can be hard sometine to have what us, guys, really want. Sometime it is because our female partner does not want to give us blowjobs, sometime it is because she does not do anal because she says it is "dirty", sometime it is because she says she is too tired, and sometime it is because we do not even have a sexual partner to begin with. This sex doll will solve all your sexual frustrations. She has 3 holes that can be used for sex: oral, vaginal and anal. For each hole, a special manufacturing process was used to reproduce in 3d the inside feature of real women cavity. The ass, vagina and mouth of the lovedoll all feel as smooth and good as a real woman.
A soft TPE skin
Fitted with a Soft TPE skin, this TPE sex doll is a real pleasure to touch. When you have sexual intercourse with her, you will really love the smooth and nice feeling of her fine skin texture against yours. This TPE material has also been engineered to be human friendly: it is nice to the human skin. You can have her take any position thanks to her metal skeleton*.
*Please note that she cannot remain in the stand-up position however.


text:
City of Yonkers, NYHome Sitemap Contact
Workers Compensation
The oversight and management of the City's Workers' Compensation program is located in the Department of Human Resources, which covers over 6,000 employees including the Yonkers School District. New York State employers are required to provide Workers' Compensation and disability benefit coverage to their employees who have experienced a work related accident or illness.
The City of Yonkers is a self-insured employer and has contracted a Third Party Administrator (TPA) to oversee the workers' compensation claims on its behalf and its affiliated agencies. That Third Party Administrator is UMR Risk Management, 2425 James Street, Syracuse, NY 13206, 315-432-9171 or 1-877-236-7475.


text:
The Kylie Dress
This variant is currently sold out
The super sparkly, all sequin Kylie Dress. A classic tee dress shape available in six different colours, this dress will see you through all those special occasions coming up – choose between Gold, Electric Blue, Rose Gold, Hot Pink, Black and Silver. Want it fitted? No problem! Drop us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com or via our contact form.
Available in sizes 14-42 and made to measure at no extra cost! Simply select the made to measure option at checkout and email over your bust and waist measurements to firstname.lastname@example.com. We aim to get your order made up within 10-21 days, but during busier periods it can take up to 3 weeks, if it's a more urgent order for a special occasion, please do get in touch with us and we shall work our hardest to accommodate! Simply email email@example.com.