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RBC I The Rio Blanco County Broadband Team, under of county Information Technology Director Blake Mobley is making progress toward bringing high-speed, high-capacity broadband services to all of Rio Blanco County.
On Thursday, Mobley presented a power point outlining the progress and direction of the broadband effort. A recent Northwest Colorado Council of Governments broadband meeting held in Eagle featured the progress of Rio Blanco County's initiative.
Rio Blanco County Commissioner Jeff Eskelson remarked that "Rio Blanco County's approach was the centerpiece of the entire discussion as the other counties were not even close to the progress being made here, and they are studying this model for their own system designs."
Mobley showed a comparison chart indicating the relative broadband services available in other nations throughout the world compared to the United States. Asia and Europe are far ahead of the U.S., which ranks 32nd worldwide in availability of high speed digital data transmission capability
Moreover, the rural areas of Colorado are the least well-served by broadband services due to the sparse populations and large geographic distances between population centers.
Most commercial broadband providers do not regard such sparsely populated rural areas as a good business model due to a lack of sufficient revenue derived from the large investment required to install the high-cost infrastructure necessary to deliver "last mile" broadband services to residences and businesses in communities, and particularly in sparsely populated rural areas.
With a population of about 6,000 residents, Rio Blanco County is among the smallest rural counties with the largest land mass and thus the highest cost for such infrastructure.
A creative and unique approach must be made to leverage the resources and funding necessary to be able to provide services to all residents regardless of their location. There are new technologies available that maximize the efficiency and creativity required to engineer and install such a network. The prime directive for rural broadband services requires that they be abundant, redundant, and affordable.
Rio Blanco County's approach will be to create a collaboration of government, private enterprise, wireless [cell phone] providers, consumers and funding resources. The objective is to create a consortium of players who can bring a variety of different but essential components to the table to build a comprehensive network without having to invest large amounts of funding individually.
A request for proposal [RFP] will be distributed to various providers this week to determine what resources they may bring to the table to implement this project in a timely manner.
Federal Communications Commission grants have been applied for which are only available to sparsely populated rural areas to develop rural broadband and can dramatically improve implementation of such technology and infrastructure.
Broadband represents a renaissance in telecommunications that has not been realized since the invention of the telegraph and telephone and followed by the invention of wireless radio and television in the early 20th century.
To give some idea of what exponential leaps in capacity and speed are possible through the use of broadband, Mobley used the example of a drinking straw capable of delivering a few ounces of fluid per second representing the capacity of current broadband system access afforded by conventional telephone lines or "dial-up" service for internet.
He explained that speed and capacity are measured in "bits [of data] per second [bps]." The FCC defines broadband's minimum threshold for download speed as 4 million bps or 4 megabits per second [mbs]. Minimum upload speeds are 1 mbs. Higher speeds are measured in trillion bits per second or gigabits [gbs].
Many urban broadband services offer 20 gbs or higher, according to application needs of the consumer.
The next step up would be a garden hose delivering about a pint of fluid per second, which by analogy is equivalent to current local Digital Subscriber Line [DSL], or by Satellite Internet Service providers now available to county residents. Only residents living in town near a local telephone central office can access DSL on their copper phone lines, which provide about 6 mbs per second download and 1 megabit per second upload. Rural residents are presently limited to satellite internet service providers with even lower download/upload rates.
The new technology providing broadband high speed digital telecommunications is generally provided by a fiber optic cable, which contains hundreds of hair-sized glass fibers, each one of which can carry the same amount of information as thousands of pairs of copper cables (currently used in conventional telephone lines), and at much higher speeds.
The comparison for a single strand of fiber optic cable is analogous to a three-foot water main delivering hundreds of gallons per second. With multiple fiber optic cables and sophisticated multiplexing systems, the speed and capacity increases to the capacity comparable to a water tunnel about 150 feet in diameter delivering millions of gallons per second. A typical multi-strand fiber optic cable is less than one inch in diameter. Continuing advances in fiber optic technology will increase speed and capacity capability to higher and higher levels still using only one strand of fiber.
Anyone who has a wired telephone and subscribes to a satellite television entertainment service, as well as to an internet service provider [ISP] in the county may be collectively spending as much as $200 to $300 per month for those services. A single fiber optic cable or wireless distributed antenna system (DAS) telecommunications service provided to an individual resident or a business can provide all of the services of telephone, internet, television and entertainment.
These services presently require separate subscriptions to several different commercial providers. However, with broadband, it may all be available in one bundled package for less than $70 per month or even less for lower capacity and speed access, where higher speeds are not required.
For rural residences and businesses, wireless DAS may provide service similar to WiFi in a home but on a much larger outdoor scale, which serves many widely separated residences indoors and outside. Fiber optic cable or microwave links deliver broadband service to a central location in the vicinity of a rural service area, which is then converted to a radio [RF] signal and transmitted through small transceiver antenna units strategically located on poles or buildings to nearby buildings with high reliability and speed.
Public Safety is a key component of the new technology.
Consumers often use cell phones or smart phones to call 911 in the event of an emergency. Wired phones are being rapidly replaced by wireless devices and more than 65 percent of all 911 calls are placed on wireless devices.
In rural mountainous areas, wireless cell towers do not provide coverage to all areas, so access to emergency communications centers may be limited or unavailable. A key element of Enhanced 911 technology is the ability to determine automatic location of the wireless device. This can be done if the phone has geosynchronous positioning satellite [GPS] location technology built in and then transmits that data to the PSAP if a 911 call is initiated. If the device does not have GPS, the sparse number of cell towers does not permit sending accurate location information to the PSAP so it may be impossible for the PSAP to determine where the call is coming from.
If a person is injured or lost in a remote wilderness area, unless they know exactly where they are, it may not be possible for dispatchers to rapidly send assistance to the precise location of the caller.
Anyone expecting to use a wireless phone for 911 calls in isolated areas should also carry a GPS receiver to provide exact location information to a dispatcher. Satellite phones work nearly anywhere, but still require a GPS to provide location data.
Broadband technology through "Next Generation 911 (NG 911)" will convert current 911 technology based on conventional wired telephone systems, to the internet "cloud," which will accommodate smart phones and similar devices to receive voice and texted requests for emergency assistance.
Voice communications to 9-1-1 centers is always preferable to texted information to provide the most rapid and effective details for the PSAP.


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Last month, we shared the stripped down version of The Naked and Famous' "A Still Heart", just shortly after the release of their first simplified recording of their hit "Higher". Like the original version, this song has a clear twinge of hope in it, though the original upbeat, electro-pop vibe has completely disappeared. The track in this form allows the vocals to truly take center stage, vocals that are naturally incredibly emotional and pure.
Give it a spin, because it might just be the soothing factor in your day.
"Last Forever" is available now. Keep up with The Naked and Famous here.
Meredith Schneider
Editor in Chief at Imperfect Fifth
Meredith is often referred to as an entrepreneur, photographer, writer, and multi-media maven. She is currently the Editor in Chief at Imperfect Fifth, Co-Owner/Co-Producer at DoubleTake Productions, a ticket seller at a concert venue in KC, and a freelance writer/photographer. In her free time, she likes to make baked goods and complete DIY projects alongside her trusty – OK, not so trusty – cat Schmidt. She loves Batman so much she named her car Bruce Wayne. You can find her random musings on Twitter and Instagram.
Latest posts by Meredith Schneider (see all)
- ajeet, "dance of the moon" - June 23, 2020
- cady groves, bless my heart - June 8, 2020
- yuto., "apple & peach" ft. boy soda - June 8, 2020

subset: commoncrawl


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Make a conscious decision each morning to please Jesus throughout the day.
Life gets distracting, but when our brains hear us direct our activities to the heart of Christ, our desire to please the Lord remains active and alive within us even when we're not consciously thinking about it.
So, before the distractions take over, we have to commit ourselves to a morning prayer time and use that time to ask the Holy Spirit to keep hold of our spirit throughout the day. By connecting our will to God's will and our spirit to God's Spirit each morning, we lay important groundwork upon which the day is built.
© 2014 by Terry A. Modica


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What are the holiday dates?
The academic dates for the current year – along with other helpful information – can always be found on the parents page website (www.tcs.on.ca/parents). Please follow these links for direct access to the 2018-2019 Senior School dates and the Junior School dates. Follow this link for a printable PDF of the 2019-2020 academic dates for both Senior & Junior Schools.


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We understand that the finishing details are essential, and offer a range of wall capping options to enhance your walling range. These can be used for a variety of applications such as retaining wall capping, stair treads, window sills or thresholds.
Sawn or Honed Bluestone:
500x250x30mm SSE
500x500x30mm Bullnose
600x300x30mm Bullnose
600x600x30mm Bullnose
800x400x30mm Bevel & Bullnose options
1000x250x30mm SSE (most popular option for capping)
1000x350x30mm Bevel & Bullnose options
1000x500x30mm Bevel & Bullnose options
Summit Granite Capping:
Grande Capping:
Edging Options for Summit and Grande Capping:
SSE – One long sided edge finished with natural split finished edge
DSE: Two long sided edge finished with natural split finished edge
TSE: Two long and one short sided edge finished with natural split finished edge
We also offer several other coping/ capping options. These include: Marble, Limestone, Granite, Travertine and more. Contact us for further details.
Custom orders also available.


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2017's Wonder Woman charged through the American box office and shattered records as the highest grossing film directed by a woman, as well as the largest opening for a female-led comic book movie. But Wonder Woman actually has not yet actually been released in Japan–she won't start dazzling in the Land of the Rising Sun until late into the summer, on August 25th.
To get Japanese audiences super hyped for Wonder Woman's Japanese debut, Warner Bros has commissioned some of Japan's most celebrated and talented artists to use their abilities to craft super-powered fanart of the American icon. It's like an entire Justice League of drawing and animating talent!
Sushio, the character designer of smash hit Kill La Kill had an adorable take on the super heroine. Hoisted up by her playful buddy Superman (who looks hunkier and more defined than ever), Wonder Woman's inherent love of peace is represented through a flock of doves. Her boots, skirt,and flowing hair make her look like a crimefighting senshi. There's also a bald eagle flying to her right to symbolize good 'ol American patriotism.
Akemi Takada of Patlabor, Creamy Mami, and Urusei Yatsura among other numerous credits dials up the sweetness even more with a doe-eyed, pastel colored Wonder Woman you might find in the shojo section of your favorite manga store.
For those looking for a more intense Diana, Yoji Shinkawa of the legendary Metal Gear series gave Wonder Woman harsh, mechanical military armor. She's as elegant as can be for someone who has the power to mow down entire armies with her sheer strength.
Shingo Adachi, the character designer for the anime incarnation of Sword Art Online deftly balances badass and pretty. His Wonder Woman has that cool older sister look. When the dust clears, you know she'll be standing strong with a cool grin.
And Yuko Yamaguchi who has been drawing Hello Kitty since the 80's gave the Japanese cultural icon a tough yet stylish Wonder Woman makeover. If they make a plush toy version, I'll buy twenty!
We're over a month away from the premiere and tons more fan art has been promised! I can't wait to see what these Wonder Woman wizards whip up next!


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The copyright of the artwork is owned by whomever created it! Normally this will either be your name or your label name.
When submitting a release you can't just upload some random image from the internet. We will catch you especially if you submit the Monalisa. Like with the tracks you submit, you must own all of the rights to submit the artwork.


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Family Medicine Jobs in California
Sunday · July 12, 2020
1 Job in The Golden State
Photo: San Francisco cityscape view from the bridge.
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Part/ Full Time Urgent Care near Napa, CA
This family medicine job was previously available. It is displayed here for reference.
This locum tenen pays $100 per hour.
This locum tenen job opening (Sonoma) is for an urgent care clinic.
Residency Training: Family or Internal Medicine.
Daily Hours: 12 hour shifts, 9am-9pm, No.
Our Medical Professionals will experience a service relationship characterized by respect, a sense of urgency, and attention to detail.
KPG Provider Services is a California Company focused on offering the best, most rewarding opportunities while providing excellent compensation and benefits.
In short, we focus intently on the things that matter to you with a commitment to achieve exceptional outcomes.
Practicing Specialty: Urgent Care.
1099 Locum Tenens.
Availability: Full Time / Part Time.
Hourly pay for all hours worked.
Setting: Outpatient Urgent Care Clinic Setting.
Board Certified in Family or Internal Medicine, or Board Eligible within 5 years.
Our California Team offers benefits like geographic expertise, understanding commuting times, and top market compensation rates.
Weekly pay via direct deposit.
Weekly Schedule: Monday - Sunday Shifts.
Compensation & Logistics.
Malpractice Insurance coverage with tail.
Support: Advanced Practitioners.
Outstanding service is at the core of our culture.
Treating all ages of patients.
Unlimited referral bonuses up to $2000 for each referral.
In-house credentialing assistance.
For a complete listing of our current openings visit kpgproviders.
This locum tenen job from KPG Provider Services was last open on Jun 12.
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California Family Medicine Jobs - www.familymedjobscalifornia.com ©2020
1976 S. La Cienega Blvd STE #6015
Los Angeles, CA 90034
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Oh the Places... (28 cookies)
Regular price $95.00
Oh the Places you'll Go!
Perfect set of cookies to serve as a congratulatory gift!
Dr. Seuss and his magic come to life in this cookie set.
Cookie set comes with 4 of the following:
-Cats Hat
-Hot Air Balloon
-Today you are you
-Oh the places
-Little Boy
-You have brains...
Cookies all measure from 3 inches to 4 inches in size.
Each comes individually wrapped and sealed for max protection and freshness.


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- 4 years ago
- Industry
- Back to blog
Understanding the Visual Message
Icons are abundant in our everyday lives, from our favorite web apps to traffic signals on our morning commute. Icons serve as visual cues, brand recognition; ideally, a system of global communication. The best icons are simple and effective: a vector image with a clear message based on an easily defined metaphor.
A great example of such an icon is the search icon, the magnifying glass. It casts visions of Sherlock Holmes searching for the clues to a murder mystery, just as you search the internet for cooking recipes, lyrics to your favorite song, or hunt down your next job. It's a simple icon with a powerfully coherent goal and message.
How designers frame or layout a page directly affects how the audience responds to, understand, and remember information. The design, functionality, and content of a website all work together to deliver a user experience (UX) that hopefully results in the user gaining something from that experience. Icons, when done properly, are a great tool for incorporating design and functionality while delivering a clear goal.
Bridging the Physical and Digital Experience Through Iconography
While icons are used all around our physical world, their impacts in the digital world add something special. From an experience standpoint, iconography can be used to help speed up understanding and reduce cognitive load on the user. Since icons are metaphors, they can directly relate to what they are representing or portray an abstract meaning.
From a design and creative standpoint, iconography is fun! Our designers love receiving an icon project because they get to create something new and develop on objective metaphors to display a clear message for whatever website it is needed. For the overall design impact on a website, icons break up a page and add a new element so it becomes so much more than simply text and photos.
By creating a visual vector representing a section, category or service for a website, well executed iconography achieves a balance in functionality that is more sophisticated and artistic than simply placing links on a web page. FIREANT STUDIO has mastered blending a client's brand and message into successful, useful iconography to fit any need.
Real Life Application of Icons
A popular use for icons on a web page is displaying services. The icons might be clickable and direct the user to a detail page explaining the service, possibly with examples of projects or work completed using that service.
For a recent project, FIREANT completed a custom icon set for Denver nonprofit, LiveWell Colorado. LWC sought an innovative design solution to unify the organization's mission with its overall branding. Our team designed icons to display core services — including Healthy Communities, Calls-To-Action, and Blog — allowing users to easily filter through LiveWell's robust archive of information through use of the intuitive set of iconography.
Another example of implementing iconography for an exceptional user experience was for a healthcare campaign and solutions experts. FIREANT designed a front-end website featuring custom designed iconography that went beyond a visual cue or call-to-action. We implemented a series of icons that provided visual clarity to a process. The goals the campaign wished to illustrate to the user were enhanced by the visual progression in the iconography.
If you find yourself needing custom icons for your real life or website, FIREANT can lend a helping hand. Connect with Us!


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I'll always remember those Sunday drives home.
How a blackening silence came over us
with the night. I'd look back at the road
we set out on when our weekend had begun:
singing songs, stopping at petrol stations
in the back of beyond, turning off the beaten
track and finding a pub for lunch –
with swings and climbing frames to play on.
But all that was fading fast, as signs marked
the dwindling miles, oncoming headlights
dazzled us, the final catseyes blinked past
and the road emptied – losing its nerve
as we curved off the motorway. Then the real
darkness set in – and the chill of parting
made me numb. I'd run upstairs to my room
without a word spoken, and out the corner
of my window watch your silver Citroen slip
into the night; a final sliver of light then total eclipse.
Another week of staring into space in classrooms,
waiting for our next outing all together. Save mum.
From Adam Wyeth's forthcoming poetry collection, Silent Music.
Adam Wyeth will be launching his book with a wine reception tomorrow, Saturday 19th February, at 2pm FREE event, all welcome.


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Computing at Our Lady Star of the Sea
Click here for the Computing overview.
At Our Lady Star of the Sea, our aim is to provide children with a relevant, useful and exciting computing curriculum that helps develop skills they will find useful in later life. Children learn about how computers work, develop programming skills and will use computers, tablets and other technology creatively. As the technology landscape is ever changing, we aim to keep teaching up-to-date and relevant and help children to be flexible, adaptable learners.
Throughout their time at our school, the children develop skills in digital literacy, information technology and computer science – this includes knowledge about algorithms, decomposition (breaking problems down into smaller chunks), abstraction (identifying the key, salient points of a problem), generalisation (identifying patterns) and evaluation (establishing how effective something is and adapting if necessary). Children also learn about how computer networks work.
We put a large focus on e-safety and the first lesson of each half term in every year group is to do with e-safety. This rigorous approach to e-safety ensures that children are made aware of how to stay safe online and how to act responsibly when using computers or the internet. We use the South West Grid for Learning E-safety scheme throughout the school, which promotes responsible digital citizenship and makes children aware of issues such as their digital footprint, privacy, self-image and copyright. It also helps children identify and deal with issues such as cyberbullying and other online threats.
We use our own schemes of work, developed in conjunction with MGL, a local education and computing support company. The scheme of work incorporates resources and teaching ideas from computing experts such as Computing At School, CAS Barefoot, Primary Computing and CEOP. We subscribe to Discovery Education's Espresso Coding resource, which is an online resource we use to teach children about block coding and simple HTML and python. Most computing lessons take place in the computer suite but some lessons take place in classrooms where children use one of our 30 iPads.
In each year group, children will study some computer science, which is about how computer systems work, some information technology, which involves programming and the use of computer systems and some digital literacy, which encompasses the creation of digital media using the computers and iPads. Children are given the opportunity to create and debug programs in order to solve problems.
In Year 1, children programme floor turtles and learn simple coding using Espresso Coding software. They also create, manipulate and combine digital images to make a collage about themselves using AutoCollage. Children also work towards their Espresso Computer Driving Licence, which involves learning about simple features of PCs and their uses. They will learn about the use of databases in libraries, supermarkets and banks through simulations and role play. Children learn the basics of operating systems and develop word processing skills.
In Year 2, children are introduced to Scratch Jr. and then Scratch, which they use to program simple animations. They also learn about combining text and graphics in digital media through programs such as 2Publish. Children are given the opportunity to make presentations about themselves using ThingLink or Explain Everything on the iPads or PowerPoint on PCs. Children continue to use Espresso Coding software to develop coding skills, this time in using keys on the keyboard to act as an input for their programs. Children use the build on the work they have done on programming floor turtles in Year 1 by working on programming Beebots to go through mazes and complete other tasks. Children also develop problem solving and programming skills using the Daisy Dino app. Children are taught about search engines and learn how to use the internet safely and effectively.
In Year 3, children further develop their work on Scratch, learning about how to add inputs to the programs they have created. When using the Espresso Coding software, they learn about sequences and animation and they do further work on animation when using the I Can Animate app. As part of their work on learning about how networks function, children go on tours of the school identifying the parts of the school network and they discuss how these all work together. In digital literacy units, children also learn how to make simple movies using Fotobabble and iMovie on the iPads too. Children are introduced to Google Sketch Up and design 3D models.
In Year 4, Scratch is used to teach children more about coding and children have the opportunity to create their own simple animations using the software. They also use the program in combination with Lego WeDo to link on-screen instructions to real life objects. Stop motion animation is introduced in Year 4 and children investigate how to tell a story using this technique. In the digital media element of Year 4, children use Epic Citadel and Comic Life on the iPads to create their own comic, using ideas developed in English lessons. Children are introduced to Kodu, an online coding application that gives them the opportunity to design worlds and program objects to move around their world. They also learn about simulations, mixing and creating music and making their own compositions using GarageBand.
In Year 5, children continue to develop programming skills through Scratch by programming physical systems. In coding lessons, children learn about how speed changes can be programmed on the screen. They also learn about how to introduce randomness to a program. In digital literacy, children create presentations about topics combining images, video and sound considering audience and purpose. Music lessons are combined with computing when children create music using GarageBand.
In Year 6, children use many of the skills developed during their time at Our Lady Star of the Sea and they build on these in open ended tasks. Children create quizzes and games for younger children related to their topic work and they use iMovie to create adverts as part of the class 'Time For A Change' enterprise projects. Developing what they learnt in Year 4, children create worlds using Kodu and program objects to move around their worlds responding to other variables on screen. Kodu is used to create racing games. Using the Espresso Coding resources, children are introduced to HTML and use this to make simple website about a topic they are studying.


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People and Empires in the Americas, 500–1500
Societies in the Americas range from small tribal bands to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca.
Section 1: North American Societies
Section 2: Maya Kings and Cities
Section 3: The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
Section 4: The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
Section 1: North American Societies
Complex North American societies are linked to each other through culture and economics.
Complex Societies in the West
Regional Differences
- North American cultures less complex than other American cultures
Cultures of Abundance
- Pacific Northwest—from Oregon to Alaska—rich in resources
- People rely on both sea and land resources for food
- Plentiful resources lead to society with differences in wealth
- In potlatch ceremony, wealthy people give gifts to demonstrate status
Accomplished Builders
- Desert Southwestis harsher environment than that of Pacific Coast
- Hohokamof central Arizona use irrigation to grow corn, beans, squash
- Use of pottery shows contact with Mesoamerica
- Anasazi,to the north, build pueblos—villages of stone, adobe, clay
- Pueblos abandoned around 1200; descendents of Anasazi—Pueblo peoples
- HopiandZuni continue Anasazi customs; create trade goods
Mound Builders and Other Woodland Cultures
The Mound Builders
- Peoples who live east of Mississippi River in woodland areas
- Adena and Hopewell peoples build mounds for burials, ceremonies
- Mississippian—lastMound Builder culture, from 800 to 1500s
- Cahokia, leading city, has as many as 30,000 people
Northeastern Tribes Build Alliances
- Iroquois—five allied tribes of eastern Great Lakes
- Goals of Iroquois League: joint defense and cooperation
Cultural Connections
Trading Networks Tie Tribes Together
- Mississippian trade network: Rockies to Atlantic, Great Lakes to Gulf
Religion Shapes Views of Life
- Most Native Americans believe in many sacred spirits
- Beliefs also include respect for land as source of life
Shared Social Patterns
- Family is basis for social organization; some organize into clans
- Totems—natural object that person, family, or clan identifies with
- Totem is symbol of unity of family, clan, or group
Section 2: Maya Kings and Cities
The Maya develop a highly complex civilization based on city-states elaborate religious practices.
Maya Create City-States
The Land of the Maya
- Mayalive in southern Mexico and northern Central America
- Land, vegetation of this region varies
- Maya culture influenced by Olmec civilization
Urban Centers
- In Classic Period (250 to 900) Maya build spectacular cities
- Cities, likeTikal, have pyramids, temples, palaces, stone carvings
- Each has a court where ritual ball game is played
Agriculture and Trade Support Cities
- Cities linked by alliances, trade
- Farmingmaize, beans, squashis foundation of Maya life
- Maya use different farming techniques
Kingdoms Built on Dynasties
- Farming success leads to rise of social classes
- King is leader, holy figure; priests, warriors at top of social class
- Middlle class: merchants, artisans; bottom: peasants
Religion Shapes Maya Life
The Importance of Religion
- Maya believe in many gods, who could be good, evil, or both
- Each day is a god whose behavior could be predicted with calendars
Religious Practices
- Many ways of worshiping: prayer, offerings, giving blood
- Maya also make human sacrifices to please gods and balance world
Math and Religion
- Religion leads to advances in calendar, math, astronomy
- Maya use two calendars: one religious (260 days), one solar (365 days)
- Use calendars to find best days for life activities
Written Language Preserves History
- Writing system has 800glyphs—symbols
- Use writing to record history in acodex—bark-paper book
- Popul Vuh—famous codex that contains Maya story of creation
Mysterious Maya Decline
The End of the Maya
- In late 800s, Maya abandon cities; cause for abandonment unknown
- Signs of social problems:
-In 700s, fighting among many Maya city-states
-Population growth, over-farming might have hurt environment
-By 1500s, Maya live in small, weak city-states
Section 3: The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
Through alliances and conquest, the Aztecs create a powerful empire in Mexico.
The Valley of Mexico
- Mountain basin 7,500 feet above sea level, large lakes, fertile soil
- Teotihuacán and Toltec settle in valley, develop civilizations
An Early City-State
- Teotihuacáncity-state rises in first century A.D.
- At peak, in 500s, city has up to 200,000 people
- Serves as center of trade, especially ofobsidian—volcanic glass
- City quickly declines; by 750 is abandoned
Toltecs Take Over
- About 900,Toltecsrise to power; rule for about 300 years
- A warlike people, they rule by conquest
- They worship fierce war god and offer human sacrifices
- Toltec ruler Topiltzin tries to change religion, end human sacrifice
- Encourages worship ofQuetzalcoatl—"Feathered Serpent"—a new god
- He is exiled toYucatán Peninsula; by early 1200s, Toltec rule ends
The Aztec Empire
Arrival of the Aztecs
- Aztecs (or Mexica) arrive around 1200, begin working as soldiers
- By own legend, a god leads them to found city ofTenochtitlán
Aztecs Grow Stronger
- Triple Alliance—1428 agreement of Aztec and two other city-states
- By early 1500s, Aztecs have large empire and rule 5–15 million people
- Power comes from tribute resulting from conquests
Nobles Rule Aztec Society
- Noble class—military leaders, officials, priests—rules Aztec society
- Nobles own vast estates, live life of wealth and luxury
- Commoners: merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers
- Lowest class: enslaved people
- Emperor's power is absolute, lives in palace, is revered
Tenochtitlán: A Planned City
Extraordinary Urban Center
- Causeways connect island city to mainland areas
- Canals enable people to carry goods to city and its huge main market
- Chinampas, floating islands, used to grow crops
- Central area has palaces, temples, government buildings
Religion Rules Aztec Life
Many Gods
- Religion includes 1,000 gods, many adopted from other peoples
Religious Practices
- Center of religion is public ceremonies to win gods' favor
- Many religious festivals throughout year
Sacrifices for the Sun God
- Most important rituals are for sun god, Huitzilopochtli
- He needs human sacrifices to be strong
- Aztecs engage in war to provide captives for these sacrifices
Problems in the Aztec Empire
A New Ruler
- In 1502,Montezuma IIbecomes emperor; he calls for more tribute
- These sacrifices lead to revolt in outlying areas
- Emperor tries to make life easier, but Aztecs worry about future
Section 4: The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
The Inca build a vast empire supported by taxes, governed by a bureaucracy, and linked by extensive road systems.
The Inca Build an Empire
Incan Beginnings
- Incalive first in high plateau of Andes Mountains
- By 1200s, they have a kingdom inValley of Cuzco
- Inca believe that their ruler is descended from sun god, Inti
Pachacuti Builds an Empire
- Pachacuti, a powerful and ambitious emperor, takes control in 1438
- Under Pachacuti, Inca conquer lands holding 16 million people
- Inca use diplomacy and military force to achieve conquests
Incan Government Creates Unity
Organized Rule
- Inca divide conquered lands into smaller units to govern easily
- Make Quechua official language of entire empire
Incan Cities Show Government Presence
- Inca build cities with same architecture for government buildings
- Capital is Cuzco, which has temples, plazas, palaces
- Inca are very skilled builders
Incan Government
- Inca government controls economy and society
- Useayllu—extended family group—to control how people live, work
- Divides society into groups of 10; 100; 1,000; 10,000
- Chain of command stretches from central government to smallest unit
- Demandsmita—requirement that people work for state
- Cares for the aged and disabled
Public Works Projects
- Government creates public works, including 14,000-mile road network
- Runners carry messages along the roads to different places
Government Record-Keeping
- Inca do not develop system of writing
- Usequipu—set of knotted strings—as accounting device
- Might also have had elaborate two-calendar system
Religion Supports the State
Inca Gods
- Inca have fewer gods than Aztecs
- Creator god and sun god are most important
Religious Practices
- Priests draft young women to assist in ceremonies
- Some young men also become specialized religious workers
Great Cities
- Cuzco has magnificent Temple of the Sun decorated in gold
- Other cities might have had religious importance as well
Discord in the Empire
Problems Arise
- In early 1500s, Inca Empire reaches its height under Huayna Capac
- Capac dies, perhaps of smallpox, while touring newly conquered Ecuador
- In 1520s, his sons Atahualpa and Huascar split empire
- Atahualpa wants control of whole empire and begins civil war
- This war weakens Inca state just before Spanish arrive


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J.C. Penney Nabs Top Apple Executive
J.C. Penney Co. is tapping Ron Johnson, head of Apple Inc.'s iconic retail stores, as its new president and eventual chief executive, people familiar with the situation said.
The company is expected to announce Mr. Johnson's appointment later today. Mr. Johnson will become CEO in the next few months, succeeding long-time leader Myron "Mike" Ullman. He joined Apple from Target Corp., where he was vice president of merchandising for stores.


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Known as the "love stone", rose quartz banishes jealousy and resentment from your aura while opening your heart chakra to self love, self confidence and exudes loving energy. Use this crystal when saying your positive self love affirmations.
You will receive 1 raw rose quartz crystal.
1"-2" raw rose quartz crystal.


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I am a 38-year-old mother of two who is in a 24 year relationship/15 year marriage with someone who I only recently found out fits the mold of a narcissist.
I've struggled the entire 24 years changing myself trying to be what he needed. Trying to better myself and improve our relationship.
I've dealt with depression, postpartum & my brother's suicide. I found God and completed a Stress & Anxiety course 12 years ago to overcome these hurdles.
I'm only now learning about narcissism and how stop being a victim. My goal is to heal, help heal my children and help stop the cycle of narcissism.


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Comic Creators Coming Together to Help Puerto Rico
As our nation mostly sits on its hands to help our fellow American citizens in Puerto Rico devastated by hurricanes, a group of creators are coming together to create a charitable anthology "highlighting the beauty, culture, and history" of Puerto Rico.
Its been a week since Hurricane Maria's devastation and the island is still waiting for aid. Millions await the basics of fuel, food, and water with 97% of the US commonwealth's 3.4 million residents still in the dark as of this Wednesday. All of this has led to rationing as there's not enough food to go around and individuals are being forced to drink rainwater. Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands have seen fewer personnel since Hurricane Marian hit than Texas and Florida during their recent hurricanes. Lack of supplies are leading to tragic and tough choices everywhere. Hospitals don't have enough energy to properly care for individuals who rely on ventilators to survive as an example.
Marco Lopez, one of the individuals spearheading the anthology, wrote on Facebook:
Puerto Rico is an island of 3.5 million American citizens with a rich history that goes back hundreds of years. To those Boricua that live on the island and across the U.S. it is not only their home or home away from home it is an essential part of their very being of what makes them and their families who they are. Puerto Rico doesn't just hold a special place in the hearts of Puerto Ricans, the island, people, and culture hold a very special place in the hearts to other people in the Latinx community and those of non Latinx origin.
When news of Hurricane Maria made airwaves, so soon after Hurricane Irma many of us saw the writing on the wall. Puerto Rico, for all its beauty, life and culture, also has a history of colonization and oppression. Currently suffering in massive debt and due to the Jones Act unable to receive aid from other countries, it is up to us, the public, to offer aid and support.
There are many ways to donate and support the islanders who are currently without water, food, electricity, and supplies. The four of us, Marco Lopez, Derek Ruiz, Desiree Rodriguez, and Neil M Schwartz, have decided to use our collective creativity to organize a charitable anthology that highlights the beauty, culture and history of Puerto Rico told by the voices of Puerto Rican creators along with other Latinx and non-Latinx allies.
All proceeds for this anthology will go directly to aiding the people of Puerto Rican who desperately need all the help they can get. More information will be released in the following weeks. We hope you will support this endeavor and more importantly, support the people of Puerto Rico.
We'll have more details when they're released and of course you can always donate to those organizations to help out now.


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The Bible claims nothing less than a completely sinless life for Christ:Hebrews 4:15 For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin.Hebrews 7:26 For it was fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners and exalted above the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins, and then for the sins of the people, because this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the Law appoints men as high priests who are weak, but the word of the oath, which came after the Law, appoints a Son, made perfect forever. Hebrews 2:17 Therefore, He had to be made like His brethren in all things, that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people. 18 For since He Himself was tempted in that which He has suffered, He is able to come to the aid of those who are tempted.2 Corinthians 5:20 Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were entreating through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God. 21 He made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him1 Peter 2:21 For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps, 22 WHO COMMITTED NO SIN, NOR WAS ANY DECEIT FOUND IN HIS MOUTH; . It was only after Islam discovered that the claims of Christ were superior in every way that they attempted to rewrite Muhammad's history. Whereas the Bible is replete with the accounts of Jesus' miracles, the Koran states in many places that Muhammad did not perform one miracle, e.g.:Sura 17:90 They say: "We shall not believe in thee, until thou cause a spring to gush forth for us from the earth, 91 "Or (until) thou have a garden of date trees and vines, and cause rivers to gush forth in their midst, carrying abundant water; 92 "Or thou cause the sky to fall in pieces, as thou sayest (will happen), against us; or thou bring Allah and the angels before (us) face to face; 93 "Or thou have a house adorned with gold, or thou mount a ladder right into the skies. No, we shall not even believe in thy mounting until thou send down to us a book that we could read." Say: "Glory to my Lord! Am I aught but a man, - an apostle?" 94 Section 11. What kept men back from Belief when Guidance came to them, was nothing but this: They said, "Has Allah sent a man (like us) to be (His) Apostle?" 95 Say, "If there were settled, on earth, angels walking about in peace and quiet, We should certainly have sent them down from the heavens an angel for an apostle." 96 Say: "Enough is Allah for a witness between me and you: For He is well acquainted with His servants, and He sees (all things).Alfred Guillaume points out:Controversy with Christians on the rival merits of Jesus and Muhammad may fairly be regarded as the origin of the pretended miracles, flatly contradicting the plain statement of the great Arabian and those of many of his immediate followers that he was not sent with power to work miracles. Whether the object of the inventors was to elevate their prophet to a position equal to that held by Jesus in the estimation of His servants, or whether it was to furnish themselves and their pupils with a messenger of God who satisfied a natural craving of the human heart for a visible manifestation of divine power it is not our purpose to determine. There are good reasons for believing that deliberate imitation was resorted to for the reasons already given, and because the ashabu-l-hadith did not stop at ascribing the works of Christ to their prophet. His words and those of his apostles are freely drawn on and put into the mouth of Muhammad. (The Traditions of Islam, London; Clarendon press, 1924, p.138)Muhammad did no miracles. He did not heal the sick, raise the dead, cast out demons, or rule the wind and the waves. He had no more power than any normal man. The Muslim commentator, Dr Ali Dashti (former Foreign Minister of Iran, scholar, and author of 23 years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Muhammad, a book written about Muhammad and his 23 years of prophetic life, was incarcerated during Khomeini's Iranian rule and died in prison), commented:Moslems, as well as others, have disregarded the historical facts. They have continually striven to turn this man [Muhammad] into an imaginary superhuman being, a sort of God in human clothes, and have generally ignored the ample evidence of his humanity. They have been ready.., to present these fantasies as miracles . . . Many Iranians have been raised on a diet of myth and are ready to believe that any emamzada, of however ancestry, can at any moment perform a miracle. But if they were to read the Qoran, they would be surprised to find no report of a miracle in it at all. They would learn from twenty or more Qoranic passages that whenever the Prophet Mohammad was asked by doubters to perform a miracle, he either stayed silent or said that he would not do so because he was a human being like any other, with no function except to communicate, to be a "bringer of good news and a warner."Unfortunately for Islam the West knows that Caliph Uthman, who married Muhammad's wife after his death, tried to hide all the contradictions in the Koran by calling in the major versions and combining the 'best bits' to eradicate the errors. But Uthman did not have the trust of the whole of Islam which resulted in extant versions remaining outside of his attempt at uniformity. This is a recognised fact among the more honest Muslim scholars and many have challenged the idea of an eternal, uncreated Koran, especially since the 'doctrines' Muhammad developed are known to be based on the 'theology' of his tribe at that time - which is why they still worship the pagan 'Moon' god and their flag subsequently has a flag depicting the fact and, of course, they still worship at the black meteorite in Mecca as they always did! Muhammad's Quaraysh tribe had an idol for every religion at their pagan temple (the Kabah) and at least 360 idols were present - and a visitor could add his own god, regardless of its henotheistic 'attributes', if those present were insufficient! Ignorant vessels naïvely claim that Christianity and Islam are 'merely two sides of a coin', whereas the truth in this respect is that Christianity represents the one true God and Islam represents the 'god of this world' (1 John 5:19) - Satan! The best the Muslim can hope for is the acceptance that Muhammad was a hypocrite for preaching love and mercy at the same time he was killing people to propagate his religion, but the facts are clear - his true history bears no resemblance to the image Islam tries to project today.
After the death of Muhammad came the two year caliphate of Abu Bakr, followed by Umar (ten year rule before he was assassinated), followed by Uthman. Uthman was the descendant of Abu Sufyan, the implacable enemy of Muhammad. 630 AD marked the first battle outside of Arabia - against the Byzantines - in Jordan. Muhammad had set the example of aggression and ordered two campaigns just before his death in which Usama led troops to the north while Khalid captured Baghdad and, later, proved to be a very effective general of the Umayyads. Jerusalem, Damascus (635 AD) and Antioch (636 AD) fell in turn as this satanic army began to march against the world to conquer for their Moon god, Allah. Muawiyya was active in the campaign against Syria and was declared the governor of Syria by Umar in 640 AD. By 641 AD much of Egypt and Persia had also fallen. There followed campaigns to capture the islands of Cyprus, Rhodes, and Crete (649-668 AD) under the leadership of Muawiyya who launched a sea invasion during Uthman's rule, attacking Cyprus in 649, first from Saida (Lebanon) and then from Alexandria. The first major Arab naval enterprise brought great booty and the Muslims only left when the island promised to pay tribute.
Crete was raided in 653 AD and Rhodes in 653. The 'Saracens' remained there for 5 years, stripping the island bare, and melting down the giant bronze colossus (one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world). You may have thought the Taliban's desecration of the giant Buddhist monuments in Afghanistan was a novel event! Sicily was likewise raided in 668 AD by Muawiyya, who had now progressed from general to caliph. These campaigns were interrupted by internal intrigues, reminiscent of the despotic reigns of the Roman emperors, and civil war between Muawiyya and Ali, before the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate. Ali, the fourth caliph, had his capital in Basra and Muawiyya accused him of complicity in the murder of the third caliph, Uthman. At the battle at Siffin (657 AD), Ali's troops stopped fighting when Muawiyya appealed to the Koran for a verdict and the Kharajite force left Ali who was promptly murdered! So much for the brotherhood of Islam. Muawiyya was caliph between 661-680, with his capital in Damascus. The Umayyads ruled until 749, when the Abbasids took over and ruled until 1258 AD. The following Abbasid rule was anti-Umayyad, no doubt because of their contempt of the treatment of the Koran, and they subsequently destroyed many of the references to them so that their history is patchy.
The dream of conquering Constantinople, the greatest city of the east, began in 668 with an amphibious assault. An expedition sailed from Syria, establishing headquarters on the island of Cyticus (a few miles south in the straits) and laying siege for 7 years. The Byzantines defended ferociously, using fearsome methods such as a flaming mixture of 'naphtha', sulphur and pitch poured down on the attackers. Eventually, Muawiyya realized he couldn't take the city - somehow 'Allah' let the march of Islam fail - and the former all-conquering general had to beat a hasty retreat. However, many of his ships were destroyed, so those soldiers who could not board (~30,000) had to march back through Anatolia but were destroyed by the Byzantines en route. This forced Muawiyya to make a peace settlement under which he had to pay a tribute to Constantinople.Legend has it that King Rodrigo of Spain seduced the daughter of Count Julian of Morocco and, in retaliation, Julian sided with the Emir Musa, Muslim ruler of North Africa, who was based in Tunisia. Musa's dream was to invade further through Spain and France and meet Muslims invading from the east, so that Islam would surround the Mediterranean. The Caliph al-Walid authorized the invasion of Spain (710-711 AD), so Musa and his commander, Tarik, with the Count Julian as advisor, crossed from Tangier to Gibralter (then called Jabil Tarik). Spain was an oppressed land in which the peasants were heavily oppressed by the aristocracy. Internal dissension was rife with many pogroms against the Jews. Under the rule of the Visigoths, who were complacent and corrupt, the lack of moral fibre showed. The first battle, on the banks of the Guadelete river, was a decisive victory for Islam. King Rodrigo was killed and his head sent back to Damascus. The Muslims renamed Iberia 'al-Andalus' and immediately began the campaign to take it all and head on for France.
Musa had commanded Tarik to wait for reinforcements, but the general ignored him, dividing the army into two parties, one heading for Cordova and the other for Toledo. The inhabitants fled and the cities and booty were taken without a fight. Musa arrived with reinforcements in 712 AD, en route to Toledo. He captured several other cities: Carmona, Medina, Sidonia, and Seville. Not surprisingly, some Jews helped the Muslims thinking they were liberators. They soon learned the folly of this belief. By 715 AD nearly all of Spain was under Muslim occupation. Leaving his son in charge, Musa returned to Damascus to report, but the new Caliph Suleiman either feared his victories or considered that his work was not Allah's will, and had him banished to live as a beggar in a remote town in Arabia.Leo the Isaurian, Anatolian and Byzantine emperor, repelled the second Muslim invasion initiated by Suleiman, on Constantinople in 717AD. The Muslim forces totalled 120,000 Arabs and Persians by land, and 100,000 by sea. Leo filled the granaries of the city and the citizens remained well fed while the besiegers starved throughout the winter so that, within a year, the siege was broken. The Arab supply ships were also destroyed by Greek fire and the final nail in the Islamic coffin arrived in the shape of Bulgarians who joined the Greeks to fight against the invader and the retreat was ordered again, 30,000 fleeing by land, the rest by sea. Suleiman's decision to exile Musa lacked 'Allah's' approval after all!
It is interesting that, like the Mormons, who were reluctant to proselytize coloured people because their false prophet Brigham Young, in particular, shared the Muslim preference for negro slaves, Muslim rulers were not anxious to convert Dhimmis (Jews and Christians living under Islamic rule) as they paid tribute and were the slave labour. They were also easy to conquer as they could not carry weapons, ride horses, wear shoes, ring church bells, wear anything green, or fight back against a Muslim assault! The word dhimmi (Arabic for 'protected person') became historically significant in 628 A.D., when Muhammad's forces defeated a Jewish tribe that lived at the oasis of Khaybar and made with them a treaty known as the dhimma. The treaty allowed Jews to continue cultivating their oasis, as long as they gave Muhammad half of their produce. Crucially, Muhammad reserved the right to break the deal and expel the Jews whenever he wished, a ploy that Islam has worked ever since! Does any reader wonder why we assert that, for Israel to make any kind of deal with Yasser Arafat, or any other Muslim, is like inviting a viper into your bosom. Islamic treachery is a historical and spiritual FACT.From these earliest times proclaiming Jesus' divinity and attempting conversion from Islam were made capital offences. Do you wonder how Christians can sit back quietly in Britain and listen to Muslim hypocrites whining about 'Islamophobia,' and their rights to religious freedom in this country, when they have denied the same for other religions in every strictly Islamic country throughout their history? The persecution, torture and murder of peoples of other faiths is a constant reminder of the satanic nature of Islam. Every reader is encouraged to investigate the writings of Bat Ye'Or (www.dhimmi.org) who points out that, for orthodox Muslims, the world is divided into the dar al-Harb, land controlled by non-Muslims that forms the 'territory of war,' and the dar al-Islam, the land where Islamic law prevails. Historically, a peace is not a peace and a time of peace longer than a decade is occasion not for relaxation but for feeling inadequate and fidgety. Infidels should never be allowed to rest on their laurels, famed 14th century Muslim jurist Ibn Taymiyya asserted, for any land they possess is held illegitimately. Jews and Christians living in Muslim-ruled lands were not always killed or imprisoned and regularly received dhimmi status, which afforded them temporary protection from some abuses, but no permanent status. Dhimmis in Muslim countries over the centuries typically had to pay discriminatory taxes and acknowledge publicly their status as second-class citizens. They were on the hook for additional sums and had to supply forced labour on demand. They were ineligible for any public office and without right even to testify in court. Dhimmis were not allowed to possess weapons, marry Muslim women, meet with others on the streets, or ride horses or camels (the two 'noble animals'). Dhimmis had to wear special clothes, walk with eyes lowered and accept being pushed aside by Muslims. Dhimmis had to have low doors on their houses, with no lights on the doors. Some particular aspects varied from age to age and region to region. Did you ever wonder where the Nazi's got their ideas for the denigration and humiliation of Jews? In the 9th century, Jews in some Muslim areas had to wear on their shoulders a patch of white cloth that bore the image of an ape; Christians, since they ate pork, wore a pig image. Baghdad's Caliph al-Mutawakkil designated a yellow badge for Jews, setting a precedent that would be followed centuries later in Nazi Germany. In 11th century Seville, Jews were not to be met with the greeting, 'Peace be unto you,' because they were not supposed to have any peace! Other edicts affected not just finances but self-respect. A Cairo rule in 1761 was that 'no Jew or Christian may appear on horseback. They ride only asses ... ' In Persia in 1890, Jewish women had to 'expose their faces in public (like prostitutes). ... Every Jew is obliged to wear a piece of red cloth on his chest. A Jew must never overtake a Muslim on a public street. ... If a Muslim insults a Jew, the latter must drop his head and remain silent. ... The Jew cannot put on his coat; he must be satisfied to carry it rolled under his arm. ... It is forbidden for Jews to leave the town or enjoy the fresh air of the countryside. ... Jews must not consume good fruit.' Is this merely historical? No - the Wall Street Journal reported (April, 2002) that non-Muslims cannot be buried in Saudi Arabia, so their corpses are stacked up for months until flights to their countries of origin can be paid for. In death, as in life, dhimmis are dhimmis, to the the Muslim aggressor and terrorist.Although, at various times, Jews in Muslim lands were able to live in relative peace and thrive culturally and economically, the position of the Jews was never secure and changes in the political or social climate would often lead to persecution, violence and death. Jews were generally viewed with contempt by their Muslim neighbours and peaceful coexistence between the two groups involved the subordination and degradation of the Jews. When Jews were perceived as having achieved too comfortable a position in Islamic society, anti-Semitism would surface, often with devastating results: On December 30, 1066, Joseph HaNagid, the Jewish vizier of Granada, Spain, was crucified by an Arab mob that proceeded to raze the Jewish quarter of the city and slaughter its 5,000 inhabitants. The riot was incited by Muslim preachers who had angrily objected to what they saw as inordinate Jewish political power.Faced with the knowledge of the fate that awaits those who fall under Islamic rule, Spain began the attempt to reclaim their land (the 'Reconquista') in 718 AD, but it took until 1492 AD to finally overthrow the invader! As with most resistance the fight began in a small way with Pelayo, who ruled a tiny territory and ran guerrilla raids against the Muslims. But the Islamic invasion also had other irons in the fire and began moving north towards France (718-732 AD). Al-Semak led the first invasion across the Pyrenees in 721, establishing a base at Norbonne. He was succeeded by Abderaman, who moved up the Rhône as far as Lyon and Dijon, following Muhammad's creed of especially targeting churches and monasteries, before moving on to Bordeaux. Between Poitiers and Tours, there was a clash between Abduraman and the army of Charles Martel.In the battle of Poitiers (or Tours) Martel turned back Abderaman's advance, but heavy fighting continued in the south of France, to the west in Langredoc under ibd-al-Malik, and up the Rhône river again, then east to Piedmont in Italy. The Muslims, helped by some apostate 'Christian' allies, began quarrelling with each other and, in 737 AD, Martel recaptured Avignon and continued to recapture Muslim strongholds until he reached Marseilles (739 AD). Martel died in 741 A.D., after succeeding in driving Islam from France, and was succeeded by Pepin the Short.
Moslems, as well as others, have disregarded the historical facts. They have continually striven to turn this man [Muhammad] into an imaginary superhuman being, a sort of God in human clothes, and have generally ignored the ample evidence of his humanity. They have been ready.., to present these fantasies as miracles . . . Many Iranians have been raised on a diet of myth and are ready to believe that any emamzada, of however ancestry, can at any moment perform a miracle. But if they were to read the Qoran, they would be surprised to find no report of a miracle in it at all. They would learn from twenty or more Qoranic passages that whenever the Prophet Mohammad was asked by doubters to perform a miracle, he either stayed silent or said that he would not do so because he was a human being like any other, with no function except to communicate, to be a "bringer of good news and a warner."


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Lewis Hamilton's Girlfriend Nicole Scherzinger 'Doesn't Understand His Sport'
Lewis Hamilton's pop singer girlfriend Nicole Scherzinger has revealed that she knows nothing about her boyfriend's sport.
Lewis Hamilton is Formula One driver and was champion in the 2008 season. The British driver is also hailed as the first black driver in Formula One.
'I am in awe of Formula 1 because there is so much money, technology and talent,' the Daily Star quotes Scherzinger as saying. 'But as for the racing, it really is like trying to understand rocket science when I'm there' the former Pussy Cat Doll singer said.
Lewis Hamilton and Nicole Scherzinger started dating in 2007. They've had many splits during their 6 year relationship.
|Via @MagnusEnt_Mag| @Mayorlaw4u| BB Pin:23219CE0
Posted on March 27, 2013, in Ent news and tagged lewis hamilton, nicole scherzinger. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.


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JBA has released a new flood model for China, which it said is the first of its type
JBA has collaborated with Aspen Re to develop a probabilistic catastrophe model for inland flooding in China which it claims is the "first of its kind."
Iain Willis, the firm's managing director, talked to GR at SIRC 2018 about why this is, and how the model meets the needs of private insurance markets and the government sector.
Floods make up 24% of economic losses caused by Chinese natural catastrophes. Despite this, Willis said flood modelling's complexity meant modelling it for China had not been addressed.
The new Continental China model covers 5.9 million square kilometers.
"Flood is probably the most complex peril to model, because local topography can be the difference between one property being flooded and one not. The impact is difficult to predict so you need a particularly high-resolution model to pick that up," he said.
The model includes river and surface water flood across typhoon-driven and non-typhoon events, allowing re/insurers to understand the drivers and the impact of typhoon events on overall losses.
And it allows users to disaggregate province-level exposure data to a higher resolution, a challenge for reinsurers in the region.
"The importance of getting communities back on their feet quickly after a natural disaster is paramount to ensuring that damage to livelihoods is minimised," Willis added.
JBA looks at India, in a crop model collaboration with re/insurer Chaucer.
With 40 million farmers under India's crop scheme, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bimo Yojana (PMFBY), the cat model facilitates risk management and reinsurance pricing.
Willis explained why JBA was focusing on India and China. "It's two areas that are rapidly increasing in terms of non-life insurance risk, in different respects," he said.
"In India the crop insurance scheme is a huge success story, it was brought in as there were a lot of farmer suicides there many years ago due to failed crops which was their whole livelihood, this is why the government started backing insurance."


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Australian jeweller entwines South Sea pearls with European romance.
Australian pearl specialist Autore, hopes to dazzle BaselWorld buyers this year with its Venezia jewellery collection, inspired by the beauty and romance of the sunken Italian city.
Chapels and piazzas of Venice are echoed in the South Sea pearl collection's luxurious baroque and stucco designs.
CEO Rosario Autore says the collection captures the essence of the Italian city. "Venezia is a sophisticated and innovative jewellery range that will appeal to a broad market of discerning clientele. Autore continues to redefine the image of pearl jewellery by marrying truly innovative design and exquisite craftsmanship with extraordinary South Sea pearls," he said.
Head designer Alessio Boschi said he was inspired by a recent visit to Venice.
"The waters of the Venetian canals accent a city that has inspired romance for hundreds of years. The reflections from the water, the sky and marble buildings, all unique to Venice, are integrated into the delicate and refined jewellery pieces," he explained.
Autore will showcase the new Venezia collection alongside its signature Couture, Boutique and Essential ranges at Baselworld in March.


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Acclaimed Danish actors Kim Bodnia and Iben Hjejle will join the cast of the unusual Norwegian surfer love story Monsterthursday directed by Arild Ostin Ommundsen, who made his feature debut with the low-budget surprise hit Mongoland in 2001.
Shooting from Oct 7 until Nov 21 in and around the coastal city of Stavanger in South Western Norway. Monsterthursday sees a young man leave his childhood sweetheart with his best friend in search of bigger waves in Australia.
Writer-director Ommundsen is joined by the rest of the creative team behind Mongoland including co-writer and creative producer Gro Elin Hjelle as well as producer Ingrid Festoey Ottesen.
The film is produced by the outfit Muz film on a $1.6m (NKR12m) budget backed with $958,000 (NKR7m) from the Norwegian Film Fund. Sandrew Metronome Norge will release Monsterthursday in August 2004.
Lead actor Vegar Hoel spent the summer learning to surf and can be seen on the picture between director Arild Østin Ommundsen (closest on the right) and actor Christian Skolmen.


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Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
September 7, 2017 – September 17, 2017
For the average moviegoer, there's one particular event in Toronto that gets the city buzzing; The Toronto International Film Festival, more commonly known as its acronym, TIFF.
TIFF, simply put, is Hollywood's barometer of what will happen in the movie industry for the next six months. Since launching in 1976, this 10-day festival (September 7 – September 17) has become one of the largest and most prestigious in the world. Not only does it showcase up-and-coming performances, it sets the pace for the year's awards chatter, with the Oscars wrapping it up in March.
TIFF also propels emerging filmmakers onto the international scene, in hopes that their work will turn industry heads and take their careers to the next level. Some of this year's screenings featured The Shape of Water, Professor Marston & The Wonder Woman, Zama, Grace Jones: Bloodlight and Bami, and more.
This year, hundreds of thousands of attendees participated. These numbers include an astonishing line-up of A-List celebrities, some of whom you could find roaming the streets of Yorkville, and eating in our trendy restaurants while taking a break to shop along Bloor Street's Mink Mile.
There's no wonder so many people fall in love with our magnificent city to end up purchasing high-end condos and luxurious homes in and around The Annex, Forest Hill and Yorkville to name a few.
So, whether you're in the industry, or just a fan, TIFF creates a vibe so potent that you can't help being carried away by the wave of excitement emanating from it.


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It's Christmas Time again and somewhere in Kansas, Dorothy is lonely for her friends back in Oz. So with the help of kindly Mister Tinker, she builds a magical wish machine and returns to the Emerald City just in time for the big holiday celebration.
But the holly is quickly stripped of its jolly when a sassy sorceress named Nefariosa crashes the party and kidnaps Santa Claus! Now Dorothy must recruit the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion to help her rescue Saint Nick and save Christmas for the children (and adults!) of the entire world.


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How did you get to school or work today? Did you drive a car or ride a bus?
Have you ever considered how the highways you use are developed? ORC works with the highway department to acquire the land needed for construction.
Do you use a cell phone?
Have you ever considered how cell towers are placed? ORC acquires the easement so that the phone company can build a cell phone tower to expand communication.
When was the last time you flew on an airplane?
Have you ever considered how airports are developed or expanded? ORC offers program management for the land acquisition and relocation assistance phase of airport construction, noise mitigation and other airport improvement programs.
Have you ever taken a subway or train for public transportation?
How are these transportation systems constructed and expanded? They cannot be built until the agency owns the land. Often occupants and businesses must be relocated before a project can begin.
Do you use electricity to power your cell phone and computer?
Have you ever considered how electricity is transmitted to your school or home? ORC buys the easements so that utility companies can build transmission and distribution lines to your community.
Multiple Positions Open Now
We regularly seek candidates for numerous positions. These often include project managers, agents, document specialists, and more.
Training Program
ORC's training program is designed to find and train the next generation of right-of-way professionals for our company. Our training program targets college graduates, veterans and other individuals looking for a second career opportunity. We offer a structured training program, including coursework and on-the-job training, that allows employees the opportunity to be part of building our country's infrastructure while protecting the private property rights of those impacted. We assign each of our employees a mentor to guide him/her on this training path.More About Our Training Program
Internship Program
ORC offers a summer internship program for college Juniors and Seniors annually, from May to July. This program offers a flexible work schedule to accommodate student coursework. Each intern is assigned and works regularly with a mentor to learn about the right-of-way industry. Interns learn industry-related skills and are introduced to a variety of right-of-way disciplines. Toward the end of the internship, interns meet with their mentor and the office Project Manager to deliver a brief presentation of what they learned during their internship. The Internship Program works with colleges to allow the Intern to earn college credit for this work.


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Our Team
Amani Danzy
Amani joined the Gary Sinise Foundation Team in July 2018 as an Executive Assistant. Born and raised in Queens, New York, she received her B.A.Sc. in Health and Wellness from Excelsior College with a special interest in Nutrition. Amani has family members that have served and are currently serving in the United States military. In her spare time, she enjoys kayaking, rock climbing, powerlifting and volunteering with The Midnight Mission during the holiday season.


text: 2 CommentsNovember 05, 2017Sunday Quotes: Joy and WonderCategories: Conscious Cat SundayYou might also like:Sunday Quotes: HappinessSunday Quotes: Joy and GratitudeSunday Quotes: Live Your DreamsSunday Quotes: A Sunday Well Spent2 Comments on Sunday Quotes: Joy and Wonder Sue Brandes November 5, 2017 at 2:37 pm (3 years ago)Love this one. Have a great day. Reply Natalie Walker November 5, 2017 at 9:09 am (3 years ago)That's the best quote ever ReplyLeave a comment Cancel commentFirst time visitors: please read our Comment Guidelines. By leaving a comment, you agree with the collection of your data by this website as per our Privacy Policy. * Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email.


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BT11-150 - Capacitor, 4 mf
Canister type 4 mf (micro farad) Capacitor for 36 volt Lester charger models 16500, 14100, 9700 and 7710 built after December of 1990. Used on Club Car, E-Z-GO, Nordskog and others.
Part Number: BT11-150
BT22-075 - 35 Amp Rectifier
35 Amp Rectifier for 48 Volt Battery Charger used on 1996 and newer Club Car with the Powerdrive or IQ system +++ Works on other chargers and applications +++ Converts AC electricity to DC.
Part Number: BT22-075
BT22-076 - 50 Amp Rectifier
50 Amp Rectifier for Mac brand Battery Chargers +++ Also as a heavy duty upgrade for Club Car Powerdrive II model 22110 charger +++ Works on other chargers and applications +++ Converts AC electricity to DC.
Part Number: BT22-076
BT44-100 - 36 Volt Relay
30 Amp Relay for 36 Volt Club Car Accu Power Battery Charger and others using Lester models 14100, 9700, 7710 chargers.
Part Number: BT44-100
SW11-010 - Circuit Breaker, 50 amp
50 amp Circuit Breaker for Lester battery charger on Harley Davidson and Club Car +++ E-Z-GO before Total Charge +++ Works on other chargers and applications.
Part Number: SW11-010
BT99-070 - Mac Charger Board
Charger Board for 1996 and newer 48 volt Yamaha G19, G20, and G22 models with Mac 48 Volt Charger number MAC-SCR48-17-17.
Part Number: BT99-070
BT11-085 - SCR Assy. for Lester Charger
SCR Assembly for Lester SCR 36 Volt Battery Charger model numbers 25910 and 24 volt 25920, 25890 and 25900, and 48 Volt model 25930.
Part Number: BT11-085
BT44-102 - 36 Volt Timer Relay Kit
36 Volt Timer Relay Kit for 36 Volt Lester Lestronic II battery charger used with Club Car and others.
Part Number: BT44-102
BT11-052 - Strain Relief
Strain Relief for AC Cord on E-Z-GO and many other battery chargers with 1/2" hole in case.
Part Number: BT11-052
BT11-032 - Strain Relief
Strain Relief for Large DC Cord on Harley Davidson, Club Car, Taylor Dunn, Cushman and Pargo and many other battery chargers with 3/4" hole in case.
Part Number: BT11-032
BT11-033 - Strain Relief
Strain Relief for AC or DC Cord with 3/4" hole in case.
Part Number: BT11-033
BT11-070 - Diodes with Heatsink
Heat Sink with two Press In Diodes for Harleys, Club Cars, Cushman, Nordskog, Pargo and others with Lester Charger models 8600 and 8650.
Part Number: BT11-070
BT11-091 - 12 Hour CW Timer Decal
Clockwise Manual Timer Decal for Lester Battery Charger.
Part Number: BT11-091
BT11-080 - Diodes and Heatsink
Heatsink with Diodes for Harley Davidson +++ 1995 and newer Club Car 48 Volt Chargers +++ Also Cushman, Taylor Dunn, Nordskog, Legend, Pargo, Nolad and others with 36 and 48 volt Lester Chargers.
Part Number: BT11-080
BT11-090 - Manual Timer, Clockwise, NLA
NO LONGER AVAILABLE +++ Clockwise Manual Timer for Lester Battery Charger.
Part Number: BT11-090
BT11-100 - Ammeter
Square Face 30 Amp Ammeter for Lester Battery Charger.
Part Number: BT11-100
BT11-130 - Capacitor
Canister type 20.5 mf (micro farad) Capacitor for Lester Total Charge, Powerwise, and Powerwise Plus chargers +++ Also Lester Charger models 8600 and 8650.
Part Number: BT11-130
261351 Highway 101Sequim, Washington 98382United States
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| 15.8°C Dublin
More than 250 carers from across Ireland gathered for the Family Carers 'National Respite Weekend' which took place recently at Clayton White's Hotel.
With family carers under increasing pressure, access to respite is essential to allow them to continue in their caring role.
Family Carers Ireland, along with the hotel, organised a range of activities to help and support the attendees including mindfulness, massage, an excursion to Johnstown Castle and information on their rights and entitlements as family carers.
More than 250 family carers and former carers took part in the event including Paula Robinson, the 2017 CarePlus Carer of the Year, and each guest received a goody bag.
One in 20 people in Ireland is a family carer, providing €10bn in unpaid care to the State each year.
By 2030, demographic changes predict that one in five people will take on a caring role.
Due to funding cuts, staff shortages and bed closures, respite has become almost non-existent and programmes such as the National Respite Weekend are critical to redress this.
'Access to respite is vital to give family carers a break from their caring role, which can be extremely demanding, sometimes providing care 24 hours a day for loved-ones,' said Catherine Cox, Head of Communications and Carer Engagement, Family Carers Ireland.
'We are seeing the physical and mental health of carers compromised due to lack of resources.
'It is particularly important that family carers' own care needs are met and that the resources are available to support them to provide care safely in the home.'
Catherine said the group was delighted to welcome so many family carers from across the country and former carers, 'who provide unparalleled peer support for current carers, particularly those going through difficult times or crisis'.
Family Carers Ireland provides a range of supports and services for family carers through its 26 resource centres nationwide and advocates fairness for carers.
The organisation is currently running its year-long 'Carers in Crisis' campaign to highlight a lack in resources available across the country including home care, respite and the 'postcode lottery' of necessary community supports to those in a caring role. For more information see www.familycarers.ie
Wexford People


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Bikes Without Borders – Bicycles for Refugees
The Project:
Bikes Without Borders, created in July 2012, aims to support refugees by providing them bicycles during their stay in Karlsruhe. The project also aims to integrate refugees by including them in the repairs of the bicycles and thereby giving them meaningful tasks.
The monthly allowance that refugees receive is barely enough to pay for public transportation. Unfortunately, many refugees receive fines for riding public transportation without valid tickets. Yet at the same time the need for mobility among refugees is high in order for them to visit friends and family, to take part in asylum consultations and German language classes, and to meet their appointments. Due to the high number of refugees, the city has made use of accommodation in remote parts of the city, many of which are difficult to reach.
The Project Bikes Without Borders aims to combat these challenges by loaning bicycles to refugees free of cost. Bicycles are provided to refugees who register at www.bikeswithoutborders.de and receive an invitation by email or SMS. During registration the desired type of bicycle (children's/women's/men's) can be specified. Due to the high fluctuation of refugees and the fact that transfers to accommodation outside Karlsruhe takes place at relatively short notice, the bicycles are usually lent for a period of two weeks at a time with the possibility to extend the loan of the bicycle.
If repair work on the bicycles is necessary, refugees can bring their bicycle to the repair meetings held every Tuesday. Refugees are encouraged to participate in the repairs. Since job opportunities are limited for refugees, this project provides a space for them to use their skillsand experiences in a constructive way.
Flyer of this offer (in German)
We always welcome support in the form of donated bicycles, spare parts, tools and of course handiwork assistance!
When: Every Thursday, 6-8pm
Where: Menschenrechtszentrum
Alter Schlachthof 59
76131 Karlsruhe
Contact us!
Bikes Without Borders Website
Bikes Without Borders on Facebook


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Latest Weather Blog
Search on for 'black box' in wreckage believed to be El Faro
MIAMI - A spokesman for the National Transportation Safety Board says sonar indicates that the wreckage believed to be the cargo ship El Faro landed upright on the ocean floor.
That's encouraging for investigators trying to recover the ship's "black box" that might yield clues about what happened to the ship when it disappeared Oct. 1 during Hurricane Joaquin.
The recorder would be on deck near the 790-foot ship's wheelhouse area.
All 33 crewmembers on board were lost.
NTSB Peter Knudsen says that investigators are still awaiting video confirmation that the wreckage found Saturday in 15,000 feet of water east of the Bahamas is the El Faro.
Knudsen says neither the ship nor its cargo will be recovered, but if human remains "are encountered, an attempt would be made to recover them."


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On this date, God created the universe, according to the German mathematician, astronomer, and mystic Johannes Kepler, considered a founder of modern science. He used biblical chronology to arrive at his date. Also, a rare astronomical conjunction in 1604 helped Kepler become first to derive the supposed birth year of Christ, that is now universally accepted.
As for Kepler's calculation about the universe's birthday, scientists in the 20th century developed the Big Bang theory, which showed that his calculations were off by about 13.7 billion years.


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Stressing about this Exciting Weekend?
This is what we've been waiting for since November 1st! Its Thanksgiving weekend and we're ready to be filled to the brim in thanksgiving foods! Every year we eat until we can't eat anymore and then we burn off the calories by shopping until we drop. It's a wonderful time to be alive!
We're overly blessed, here in America, and it's important to take a moment and be thankful for everything we have. We're the "busiest" country and we need to make sure that we take a step back this holiday season, and get a look at the wider perspective. Black Friday and Small Business Saturday can sometimes make us feel less thankful for what we already have so we're going to all need to work on having gratitude during this time. First, we'll stuff our faces with tasty food and desserts! Second, we'll take a nap after all the turkey. Third, we'll go shopping at the most insane hours of the day in order to ensure that we get the best presents for the best price possible.
We wanted to put something together to help everyone with this extremely busy weekend so we've included one of our FAVORITE recipes! This is our pumpkin roll recipe from Allrecipes.com and we LOVE it! If you make this then please let us know how it turns out!
Pumpkin Roll:
3 eggs, beaten
1 c white sugar
½ tsp ground cinnamon
2/3 c pumpkin puree
¾ c all-purpose flour
1 tsp baking soda
2 Tbsp butter, softened
8 oz cream cheese
1 c confectioners' sugar
¼ tsp vanilla extract
Confectioners' sugar for dusting
- Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Butter or grease one 10×15 inch jelly roll pan.
- In a bowl, mix together the eggs, sugar, cinnamon, and pumpkin. In another bowl, mix together flour and baking soda. Add to pumpkin mixture and blend until smooth. Evenly spread the mixture over the prepared jelly roll pan.
- Bake 15 to 25 minutes in the preheated oven. Remove from oven and allow to cool enough to handle.
- Remove cake from pan and place on tea towel (cotton, not terry cloth). Roll up the cake by rolling a towel inside cake and place seam side down to cool.
- Prepare the frosting by blending together the butter, cream cheese, confectioners' sugar, and vanilla.
- When cake is completely cooled, unroll and spread with cream cheese filling. Roll up again without towel. Wrap with plastic wrap and refrigerate until ready to serve. Sprinkle top with confectioners' sugar and slice into 8-10 servings.
Let us know how these pumpkin rolls turn out! Now, after we all feast, we'll be out at the darkest hours shopping like our lives depend on it! You're your caffeine and hang on tight. We've put together a brief list of black Friday dos and don'ts. Let us know how these work out for you!
- Be polite to other shoppers and ESPECIALLY to all employees. They probably are just as frustrated as you are, if not more. One good, friendly face may change their entire weekend!
- Have a plan and a route for what you need and where you can get it. You want to be efficient and quick with this so that you can get home, eat Thanksgiving leftovers, and get to bed!
- Go with a group of people and keep your phones on you at all times! If you go with a group of 6-8 people, you can split off into pairs to create maximum efficiency.
- Try to get all of your Christmas shopping done before December 1st so that you can relax and enjoy the holiday without the stress of shopping. Try to get everything wrapped too! That'll save time and space, they can go directly under the tree instead of hidden in a closet!
- Make sure to have coffee and nutrition so that you are health and fueled for a night of hard core shopping!
- Think that your wants/needs are more important than other shoppers. We're all trying to get our shopping lists completed and spend the smallest amount of money possible. We're all in the same boat.
- Be rude to employees, they're trying their best to service a huge amount of people. This is the craziest shopping day in America and they probably have a lot more immediate problems than you do.
- Don't go alone. It's a crazy day with all the hustle and bustle and then the lack of sleep on top of that, it's best to go as a group.
- Don't go in without a plan! You'll end up purchasing unnecessary items and losing more money than you save.
- Put your shopping needs above eating/drinking/sleep needs. You need to be healthy to be happy so let's make sure we're hitting every area here.
So have a blast with your family and friends this holiday season! Tell us your thoughts on the pumpkin rolls and share your crazy Black Friday stories with us! Make sure your home is insured prior to having guests over and before the cold weather hits! Plus, with all the snow and ice that we got last week you'll want to make sure your auto is covered appropriately too.
Make sure you give us a call with all insurance related questions: 616-897-1515!


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