text:
The Credit Contracts Legislation Amendment Bill (Bill) aims to protect vulnerable consumers from harm arising from problem debt. But the headline grabbing caps on borrowing costs are only a small part of what is proposed.
The Bill will affect the wider lending market, and it is not the "high cost" lenders who will bear the largest burden of the amendments – a factor the lawmakers need to keep in mind.
We see two categories of potential issues that may work against the Government's policy goal.
1. Responsible lending – reliance on information provided and enforcement
It is clear from the Bill that future regulations will provide detail on advertising standards and suitability/affordability enquiries that lenders must make. These details are important, and should be made available for consultation as soon as possible.
The Bill also removes lenders' ability to rely on information provided by the customer for the purposes of assessing suitability and affordability – even if the lender has no reason to doubt the reliability of the information provided.
These changes will force lenders to require additional information from independent sources, adding time and cost to loan application processes. Lenders will also be obliged to keep records of how they have concluded that an arrangement is suitable and affordable for the customer.
And there will be new pecuniary penalties for a breach of lender responsibility principles.
These added processes will increase the cost of assessing loan applications, which may lead to some loans not being made available even when no responsible lending issues would arise. It is also likely to drive some customers towards less scrupulous lenders – the opposite effect of that intended by these changes.
2. Directors and senior managers – duties and liability
Directors and senior managers of a lender (such as a CEO or CFO) will have a new statutory duty to exercise due diligence to ensure compliance with the Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003 (CCCFA). This due diligence requirement will include taking reasonable steps to ensure the lender:
However, the precise extent of diligence required from any particular person is unclear – it will depend on the nature of the lender's business and the individual's role. This puts directors and senior managers in a very difficult position, particularly when they are part of a very large organisation (such as a bank) and have little day-to-day involvement in lending processes.
Compounding this difficulty, directors and senior managers found to have breached their duty are potentially liable for pecuniary penalties of up to $200,000 per act or omission. Directors and senior managers cannot be insured or indemnified against this liability.
In our view, context is critical. Where a director is closely involved in the operation of the lender, and may also be the sole or majority shareholder, the above position may well be reasonable.
But for extremely large lenders, making thousands of loans through delegated authorities and processes, the potential for liability may be overwhelming for even the most diligent director or senior manager. This is not an outcome that benefits consumers.
The pecuniary penalties regime also catches other persons who are involved in a contravention of certain sections of the CCCFA (including a breach of lender responsibilities). While this is similar to the wording of the equivalent regime in the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2003 (FMCA), the CCCFA provision goes further.
It prohibits any insurance of any person who is involved in the contravention. The FMCA prohibition, in contrast, applies only to the FMCA entity and only in respect of the directors and employees of that entity.
Again, this breadth seems to exceed what is reasonable in some contexts.
3. Certification for all creditors
The Bill proposes a certification requirement for all lenders under consumer credit contracts, which in substance is a "fit and proper" assessment of the lender's controlling owners, directors and senior managers. There is scant detail about what this assessment will consider, or what changes must be notified – we must wait for draft regulations to see that.
We are concerned that this certification requirement may deter some business operators from offering credit to their customers as an ancillary service to their primary business – a service that is likely to be highly valued by those customers. This includes businesses that may provide credit to only a small number or proportion of their customers.
We therefore see the certification requirement as more appropriate for lenders whose principal business is lending.
Separately, we note that the Bill extends the certification requirement to mobile traders, as well as requiring such traders to be registered under the Financial Service Providers (Registration and Dispute Resolution) Act 2008. It will not apply to lenders who are separately licensed – such as banks and non-bank deposit takers.
4. Power to declare arrangements to be "consumer credit contracts"
The Bill proposes that an arrangement or facility that is intended to have the effect of a loan or deferred payment can be declared to be a "consumer credit contract" by regulation. The effect of such a declaration is that the full weight of the CCCFA applies to that arrangement. Similarly, a person can be declared by regulation to be a "creditor" for the purposes of the CCCFA.
Conceptually, this is similar to the Financial Markets Authority's power to declare securities and financial products to be of a particular nature for the purposes of being regulated under the FMCA.
The declaration power inevitably operates to create a grey zone, as there must be boundaries within the CCCFA that cannot be overridden without amending legislation (e.g., that loans for investment purposes are not "consumer credit contracts").
However, the lack of clarity as to the boundaries causes uncertainty, which could stifle innovation in developing new structures to provide services to customers.
For example, it appears that a pure business overdraft to a sole trader could be declared to be a "consumer credit contract" if the Minister recommended it. This is despite it being a stated requirement in the definition of "consumer credit contract" that credit under the contract must be used (or intended to be used) for personal, domestic or household purposes.
5. Debt collection requirements
The Bill introduces requirements for a disclosure to be made prior to debt collection starting. These rules seem unusually broad in that they apply to debt collection in relation to all "credit contracts" entered into by natural persons.
This includes business loans, as well as credit arrangements under which there is no interest, credit fees or security. It is unclear why this provision is so broad, as the responsible lending rules only apply to consumer credit contracts and credit contracts with security over certain items.
6. Issues left to regulations
Much of the detail has been left to regulation. We expect a draft of these regulations to be available later in the year, and it will not be until then that we can fully assess the likely impact of the Bill.
Areas still to be fleshed out include:
Print this article
Keyword Query: {{vm.keywordQuery}}
Total results: {{vm.results.totalRows}}
Message: {{vm.message}}


text:
Driven by the growing demand for in-building wireless coverage and the huge influx of mobile data traffic, conventional macrocells alone are no longer deemed sufficient to handle the needs of today's wireless subscribers. In addition, the imminent adoption of centimeter and millimeter wave spectrum, to support higher data rates in 5G networks, necessitates the usage of much smaller cell sizes.
Global investments on small cells, carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN and DAS will reach more than $17.7 Billion by the end of 2018, as mobile operators remain committed to tackling the continued growth of mobile data traffic and evolving coverage requirements. At present, the HetNet market is facing a paradigm shift with multiple advancements ranging from small cell virtualization and neutral hosting to the adoption of unlicensed and shared spectrum. In conjunction with 5G and LTE Advanced network rollouts, these advancements will fuel the market to grow at a CAGR of over 18% and excepted to reach 56.3 billion by 2025.
HetNet Industry – "Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts" report presents an in-depth assessment of the HetNet Industry including enabling technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, regulatory landscape, deployment models, use cases, vertical markets, service provider case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for HetNet infrastructure investments from 2019 till 2025.
HetNet Industry Segmentation:
By Technology
By Air Interface Technology
By Deployment Model
By RAN Architecture
By Region
North America
USA Address7309 Woodward Ave, Apt 107, Woodridge, Illinois, USA, 60517
Operational & Marketing CenterGlobal Reports Store Pune (India) Manjari(bk), Hadapsar, Pune 412307

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Inverell Community College student Emma Kastelein receives scholarship as outstanding learner for Adult Learner's Week #ALW2018
Inverell Community College student Emma Kastelein is a role model. This week she was recognised as one of three national outstanding learners for Adult Learner's Week #ALW2018, receiving a scholarship towards her studies.
Emma, who is currently studying Certificate III in Individual Support specialising in Disability work through the Community College, works with clients from Best Community Connections teaching dramatics through with the Drama Dreams program. She also volunteers with a primary school, assisting children with disabilities, in drama, singing and music.
After leaving high school early, Emma overcame some significant barriers to return to study. In 2017 after a visit to the Inverell Community College Campus, Emma was encouraged to join their Foundations class. This class helps build the foundations for students to gain employment or successfully enrol in further study. Through this positive experience Emma enrolled in her current course and is due to graduate this year.
Emma says that learning has really helped to turn her life around – both at work and socially.
This scholarship will help Emma to further her education. She is planning to enrol in a Certificate IV in Disability at the Community College and also learn some sign language skills to help assist her employment in the disability sector.
Inverell Community College Coordinator, Tania Archer said "Adult education courses increase people's competence, confidence, self-sufficiency and general well-being. Being apart Emma 'transformation into a confident capable student and employee has been inspiring. It has been a pleasure to a part her journey. Learning really does change lives"


text:
Nature – history – culture
Hólar in the valley Hjaltadalur is one of the more historic sites in Iceland and a popular tourist attraction. The history, sanctity and the natural beauty all work together to attract people to Hólar. In the forest there are many small areas the provide good shelter for tents and mobile homes. There are many walking paths in the area as well as a restaurant and a swimming pool.
See more information here below.
The camp site has toilet facilities with hot and cold running water. There is not electricity in the camp site but that is one of the factors that makes this camp site the charming camp site it is.The camp sites in the town Sauðárkrókur, Hofsós, Varmahlíð and at Hólar are operated together. It is possible to stay the first night in one of these camp sites and pay less during the next night in some of the other camp sites. It is necessary to provide a receipt from the first camp site. Opening time
13. may to september, as weather permits
Rates 2020
1.300 kr for the first night
1.000 kr for next nigths
Senior citizens and the disabled: 1.100 kr for the first night
Senior citizens and the disabled: 800 kr for the next nights
Free for children, 12 years and younger.


text:
"Apply slicers to all pages of a report" needs to include custom visuals
In the "Allows Slicers to apply to all Pages of a Report" request, Microsoft resolved the issue only for built in slicers. Need this functionality to work for ALL slicers, both built in and custom.
3 comments
Paula commented
Especially the Hierarchy slicer!
Anonymous commented
I agree with Adam. The functionality to allow slicers to be applied to all or some of the pages in the report must exist for custom slicers (i.e the chiclet slicer) as well as the built in slicers.
Thanks Adam for your input. We are working on this.


text:
In a speech at the University of the Philippines last Nov. 23, F. Sionil Jose, 2001 National Artist for Literature, attacked nationalist statesmen Claro M. Recto and Lorenzo Tañada--while in the same breath calling for a "revolution"--in keeping with what seems to be a habit he developed through the years. He branded the nationalism they preached as "phony" and "socially meaningless."
This idea runs through his novels and short stories. Of late, in his novel Viajero (1993), Pepe Samson tells the protagonist Salvador de la Raza: "The bourgeois nationalists--Recto and Tañada--they merely hated the Americans." Pepe Samson is the protagonist of an earlier novel, Mass (first published in translation, 1982) in which C.M. Recto Avenue in Manila, named after the late statesman, is called the Rectum of Manila.
Jose has never elaborated on his basis for berating Recto and Tañada, except to say repeatedly in his columns that: "Recto and Tañada opposed agrarian reform, the single most important political act that could have lifted this country then from poverty and released the peasantry from its centuries-old bondage."
The role of the US in Philippine affairs is never to be downplayed. Jose might be interested to find out that the US Agency for International Development (USAID) had a hand in several Philippine land reform programs--including the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988. The Philippine peasantry remains bound to penury, except in areas where agrarian reform has been undertaken in a revolutionary manner--beyond the confines of government.
Recto could indeed be faulted for opposing agrarian reform at some point in his life. But based on their record, to automatically label his and Tañada's nationalism as "phony" and "socially meaningless" for this is to commit treason against history.
For the record, Recto and Tañada contributed immensely to the quest for Filipino economic sovereignty. They were among the most prominent proponents of a national economy characterized by well-developed, Filipino-owned industries that would be the primary users of raw materials produced on Philippine soil.
The correctness of this idea of theirs would be proven in due time. The Filipino First Policy implemented during the Carlos P. Garcia presidency (1957-61), though in nature very conservative compared to Recto and Tañada's nationalist industrialization advocacy, did considerable wonders for the Philippine economy.
Recto and Tañada had the prescience to understand that an economy which receives investments from foreign capital but allows massive repatriation of profits, notwithstanding the use of its own resources, would suffer the pain of decapitalization. We have our ballooning foreign debt, caused by the continuous depletion of our dollar reserves, to prove that: from $150 million in 1961 to $56 billion in 2004.
Likewise, it was Recto and Tañada who first articulated opposition to foreign military presence on Philippine soil. They comprehended well that hosting foreign military bases is tantamount to inevitable involvement in foreign wars--an affront to sovereignty. Indeed, many US attacks on Vietnam were launched from Subic and Clark, making the Philippine government an accomplice to mass murders like the My Lai Massacre.
Recto could indeed be criticized for opposing land reform at some point in his life. For most of his life, he did not have enough awareness of the nature of the Philippines as a neocolonial and semi-feudal economy to realize that genuine agrarian reform is an inevitable prerequisite to nationalist industrialization, for it is the liberation of the country's most numerous sector and thus the largest component of its consumer base--the peasantry--from poverty that will catalyze the establishment, and ensure the sustenance, of strategic national industries.
But in his last years, his articulations were beginning to contain the seeds of advocacy for a more equitable distribution of wealth, aside from his nationalist ideas. He was on his way to appreciating the value of real agrarian reform.
In any case, his critique of US neocolonialism was and still is instructive in the analysis of Philippine economic conditions.
As for Tañada, former Sens. Arturo Tolentino and Rene Saguisag have set the record straight for him. He opposed Diosdado Macapagal's land reform bill not because he was opposed to land reform, but because it had provisions incompatible with the Constitution.
Anyhow, Macapagal's land reform was a very tame one that offered a lot of loopholes for big landlords.
Moreover, it is best that a man be judged by the totality of his life. That Tañada founded and headed the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan or New Patriotic Alliance) which includes under its umbrella groups advocating genuine agrarian reform, and that he expressed total sympathy for the victims of the Mendiola Massacre, are telling enough.
That Recto opposed land reform at one point and Tañada voted against a land reform bill does not automatically mean that they are worthless to this country's history. Even Jose Maria Sison--an intellectual and activist far more radical than the 2001 National Artist for Literature could ever claim to be or have been--acknowledges debts to the two nationalist stalwarts.
To brand Recto and Tañada as "phony" and "socially meaningless" nationalists is the height of historical mendacity.


text:
Red Window Blinds
With a colour such as red you can add a touch of warmth and comfort to your room. Red blinds are ideal for living rooms and dining rooms since they exude high energy and positivity. We offer a wide range of shades including vibrant burgundy, scarlet or brick red which are available as blackout, roller, venetian, wooden, vertical or roman blinds.


text:
Archive for April, 2012
Silver Fern Farms Hawke's Bay Farmer of the Year 2012
Winning Farm Field Day – Thursday 3 May 2012 9:30am start
Mangatarata Station, 415 Mangatarata Road, Waipukurau. Travel east out of Waipukurau on Mount Herbert Road for 2km, turn right onto Mangatarata Road. Rapid no.415 – will be sign posted.
Central HB Dairy Farm Sale
A dairy farm located on SH 2 near Norsewood recently sold at auction. This is the first Central Hawkes' Bay dairy sale which was not of a forced nature since March 2010. A 175ha property with target production for this season of 185,000 Milk solids from 600 cows. The sale includes an option to lease a further 75ha of adjoining land, and share milk contract with 2 years to run. Improvements include a four bedroom dwelling, 40 aside Herringbone milking shed plus a number of calf, implement and hay sheds. Land comprises predominantly near flat pastures of which 160ha is milked off. This sale equated to a Land Value per hectare of $21,300 and Sale price per Milk Solid of $25, based on a target production of 185,000MS (excluding shares). This sale is considered consistent with current land values in this locality and market conditions.


text:
*Life WareHouse Special Edition*
Four hand-painted cutie cats debut!
With the thicker linen, make the plain Japanese style.
Hang up in the kitchen, dining room, living room or bedroom, add amiable healing to your daily life.
1. There might be a 1cm-3cm measurement discrepancy on the actual item.
2. Item colors may slightly vary due to photographic lighting and monitor setting.
3. After you received the parcel, there will be a 30-day Returns Guarantee for you to check if the product has any problem within 30 days.
4. For electronic items, we provide a 30-day Warranty for you to ask for free exchange if the product has any problem within 30 days.
5. For other possible product conditions & concerns, please read our Return Policy & Terms and Conditions before purchase.


text:
I was off and running now.
Next I laid on a nice thick coat of crackle medium to give the dollhouse that aged, abandoned look. I was planning on painting the house white, figuring that would let the black crackles show up best.
I painted one end, let it dry, and didn't like it. I don't know if it was the consistency of the paint or what, but it didn't crackle up very nice. Scrap that. I slapped another coat of black over the white, added another lay of crackle, and tried medium gray.
Much better. It was starting to take shape.
I really had no idea where I was going with this. But at some point, while I was laying on the gray, a little voice told me that this was a shop. A secondhand shop, run by a wrinkled old fairy.


text:
Because getting ready to be a parent for the first (or second!) time keeps you busy enough, we have taken it upon ourselves to do the research for the best baby monitors out in the market. It would be difficult to find peace of mind as a parent if your baby was left in the nursery unsupervised. So when it comes to the well-being of you and your baby, having the best baby monitor can make the whole difference.
After more than 45 hours of research, we think that The Infant Optics DXR-8 Video Monitor is the one you need to ensure the safety of your baby while you run about your home. After looking at over 100 models, we think this video monitor has the best combination of functionality, design, features and price. It also comes with the option to add multiple cameras, but it comes with one camera included if that's enough for you. Now, let us walk you through from our top recommendations to our specialized ones.
Our Top Pick: The Infant Optics DXR-8 Video Monitor
Giving you the ability to control the camera from your monitor – move side to side, tilt up and down, and zoom in for detail – the Infant Optics DXR-8 video monitor will give you the ability to perfectly check on your baby without having to step into the nursery.
Our Step-Up Pick: The Samsung SEW-3043W BrightVIEW Video Monitor
With its touch screen and larger screen, the Samsung SEW-3043W video monitor will give you all the perks of our top pick in a high definition screen. The higher price for this model makes it our step up pick, but not our first choice.
Our Budget Pick: The Hello Baby HB24 Video Monitor
At an outstanding affordable price, the Hello Baby video monitor also provides you with almost all the same features our above two picks would, although at a less high tech level. Without having to sacrifice too many features for a lower price, this model makes our ideal candidate for our budget pick
Table of Contents
- A Brief History of Baby Monitors
- The Evolution of Baby Monitors
- What Should You Know Before Buying
- How We Picked
- Our Top Pick
- Flaws But Not Deal Breakers
- Our Step-up Pick
- Our Budget Pick
- Specialized Picks
- Video Monitors Under $100
- Audio-Only Monitors
- Baby Monitor Apps
- The Competition
- Wrapping It Up
A Brief History of Baby Monitors
Today, baby monitors are among the first things parents will add to their baby registry, but this wasn't always the case. In fact, baby monitors were unheard of in the early 1930s and it took a nationwide scare to craft their invention. Check out this informative article on the origins of many baby basics, like our baby monitor.
In 1932, the breaking news of the kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby deeply disturbed Zenith's president, Eugene F. McDonald Jr., who worked for a then American company that manufactured consumer electronics. The kidnapping event caused McDonald to craft a radio system – with a monitor for the nursery and a receiver for the parent – that would allow him to hear into his daughter's room.
And thus, the baby monitor was born from this frenzy. But due to its original high market price, most parents could not afford it at first. It wasn't until the 1980s, when wireless phones were beginning to be available, that baby monitors became commercially viable. Since then, baby monitors have boomed and become a staple in the nursery of our homes.
The Evolution of Baby Monitors
Technology in the last decade has allowed the advancement of baby monitors, the best of which run on digital technology. This means they run on a secure 2.4GHz frequency, making them less prone to sound interference, a problem many older audio-only baby monitors experience by running on radio frequencies. These are the monitors we have highlighted as our favorite choices, as we consider them to be the most secure and reliable systems for your peace of mind.
It is worth noting that some monitors can hook up to Wi-Fi, allowing parents to check on their baby at anytime and from anywhere using a smartphone or a tablet. The internet connection widens the convenience factor. However, monitors connected through Wi-Fi are more prone to security problems. So if you choose to use Wi-Fi to connect your baby monitors, make sure your security passwords are strong and the network is never open to the public.
Baby monitors as apps are another point worth mentioning. Some startups have gone as far as creating baby monitors that run 100% through a smartphone application – leaving out the monitor and receiver parts that parents customarily purchase with baby monitors. You only purchase the monitoring system through the application, but you need to have at least one spare smartphone or tablet that you can leave in the nursery at all times.
What Should You Know Before Buying
Wether you choose an audio-only or video monitor, choose a model with a 900MHz or 2.4GHz frequency. They are the most secure option, they will reduce interference risks and provide better sound quality.
If a longer range connection is important, opt for models that can connect through Wi-Fi. This feature is practical for parents with larger homes or who would like to check-in while away from home.
If you need reassurance that your monitor is fully working and your connection is strong, we recommend having a monitor with "low-battery" and "out of range" alert features.
Consider finding a model that flashes or vibrates to alert you. Beeping alerts are often drowned around noisy tasks and can become highly irritating in silent environments.
How We Picked
Our research was split into 3 different categories: the classic audio-only monitors, the more high-tech video monitors (commonly referred to as baby cams), and the ever-developing smartphone monitor apps. After taking into account all 3 categories, their functionality, their design features and their pricing, this was our verdict: we absolutely love and prefer video monitors.
While audio-only monitors will accomplish the job, video monitors often include more high-tech options like: playing lullabies, canceling white noise, checking room temperature, and the obvious perk of looking into your baby's nursery. While app based monitors provide the same visual advantage, we found them to lack most of the features we liked on the standard video monitors. Not to mention that a baby monitor app requires you to have a spare smartphone or tablet at hand.
Our preferred baby monitors not only allow parents to look into the nursery without disturbing the baby, but they also allow parents to simultaneously use several of their features. They provide a secure network, they are sleek in presentation and their quality is backed by tried-and-true reviews from parents like you.
Our Top Pick: The Infant Optics DXR-8
A recognized leader in baby monitors, the Infant Optics DXR-8 continuously outperforms its competition. Its high quality products and its ability to make changes based on customer feedback has made it a #1 Best Seller on Amazon with 4.3 out of 5.0 stars and with over 3,500 customer reviews!
The DXR-8 monitor is the first of its generation to have interchangeable lens technology. The monitor streams real-time video to the slim 3.5in LCD color display receiver, providing you with remarkable image quality. Its power is reliable, lasting 10 hours in power-saving mode and 6 hours with continued used.
– The set-up is straightforward and fuss free. It comes with a secure 2.4GHz FHSS wireless transmission, giving you digital privacy without the video and audio lag.
– This monitor has wireless portability with a power source that can last up to 10 hours in power-saving mode and 6 hours during continued use.
– The camera rotation is smooth, making it a quiet and discreet option that will not disturb your baby. You can remotely control the pan and tilt of the camera from your monitor.
– Th DXR-8 monitor comes with a spare USB charging cable that allows you to charge it anywhere around your home. You can plug it to your computer/laptop or any USB outlet that you have handy.
– With sound activated LED lights, this monitor will alert you whenever your baby is making noise and you have the monitor's volume turned down. The colored lights indicate 4 levels of noise from low (green) to high (red).
– All monitors sold through Amazon include the newest software for the DXR-8, which includes the option to turn off "beeping" alerts, such as when the monitor becomes out-of-range and has low battery.
– This model comes with a push-to-talk button, allowing the receiver and monitor to interact in two-way talk system.
– The monitor will display the in-room temperature of the nursery, a reassuring factor for the comfort and safety of your baby. During the night when the lights are off, your monitor will also allow you to turn on the Infra Red (IR) night vision.
– The DXR-8 is expandable up to 4 cameras, one of which comes in your kit. You will also find included in your kit a 2x zoom lens. And for the small cost of $11.99, you can purchase the system's wide angle lens, which will give you a 170 degree panoramic view of your baby's nursery.
The Infant Optics DXR-8 baby monitor is #1 Amazon best seller in its category! It will not only satisfy you, but it will have you raving about it. With over 3,500 reviews on Amazon and many parenting sites talking about it, this monitor has gained a favorable opinion over its competition. Wether this is your first baby or you are having another, this monitor will excel at helping you keep a safe and healthy environment for your little one.
Flaws But Not Deal Breakers
We love its features. We love the sleek design. We think it the monitor is wholesome when it some to ensuring the safety of your baby.
However, we do understand some parents might want more specialized monitors that allows them to play pre-recorded lullabies to and take photographs of their baby – which ten to be more high-end features of digital baby monitors. The Infant Optics DXR-8 lacks these features, which played into our decision for our next pick.
Our Step-up Pick: The Samsung SEW-3043W BrightVIEW
The Samsung SEW-3043W BrightVIEW
The Samsung SEW-3043W BrightVIEW is a great step-up choice for its HD video quality, larger screen and two extra features: its pre-programmed lullabies and ability to capture photographs from the monitor.
This monitor is another great product using the latest technology to give parents a peace of mind. Then high definition 5in touch screen is not only seamless in use, but it is also interactive as it allows you to look after the safety of your baby when you can't be present in the nursery.
– The Samsung SEW-3043W comes with a large 5in touch screen monitor, one of its best features against many of its competitors. The wider view that it provides will allow you as the parent to get a clearer view of the footage. This model is expandable up to 4 cameras, and with its large screen you will be able to get a crisp view of all cameras should you decide to expand.
– Another great feature is its Voice Activated Mode (VOX) that alerts you of any noises that come from your baby's nursery. This feature gives you the option to adjust the noise sensitivity level, a practical option to adjust depending on the time of the day. By turning on the VOX feature, your monitor will only turn on when it picks up noise from your baby – saving the equipment energy and allowing you to focus on tasks.
– The camera of the Samsung SEW-3043W is all inclusive and comes with a great range of movement. With a 300 degree pan, a 110 tilt and a powerful zoom, you can check in your baby with the simple use of arrows and icon options on your monitor. During the night, the non-visible IR LED night vision will allow you to look at your baby just as clearly.
– A great extra feature of this model is its ability to take pictures of live footage from your monitor. Its 720 HD remote PTZ camera will allow you to capture spontaneous moments of your baby for a lifetime!
– Another great perk of this model is its 4 pre-programmed lullabies. As a parent, you will be able to bring comfort to your baby even when you're not in the same room. Play a lullaby or use the two-way talk system to sooth and reassure your baby.
– Included in your kit is a USB charger that gives you the freedom to charge the monitor anywhere at anytime. Having a charging cable will come in handy as the monitor range can reach up to 900 ft.
The Samsung SEW-3043W is an excellent step-up choice not only for its extra features, but also for its larger touch screen. If expanding your baby monitor system to more than one camera is a priority, then we specially recommend going for this model. Its intuitive touch screen will facilitate the management of all cameras and its larger screen will allow you to have a high definition look at all times.
Our Budget Pick: The Hello Baby HB24
The Hello Baby HB24 video monitor is an exiting budget pick. We are aware that pricing can more often than not affect purchase decisions, but we don't believe that quality or features should be sacrificed for a lower price!
The Hello Baby comes with just as many features as our top and step-up picks. The monitor is small with a 2.4in screen, but its portability and minimal design make up for the loss in size. As for its features, they are all comprehensive to make sure parents can keep a peace of mind.
– The HD image quality and LCD digital color screen will not disappoint you. What's more, the real-time video in high definition will automatically change to night vision when the lights go off.
– The audio of this model is run through a 2.4GHz FHSS system to prevent interference and connection loss. The monitor has a range up to 960 ft, which will give you the freedom to move around your home and yard freely.
– Just like our step-up pick, the Hello Baby comes with a VOX mode. In this particular model, the VOX mode will turn off your monitor after 1 minute of silence from the receiver end. And should any noise arise, your monitor will automatically turn on alerting you. Your monitor will last for more than 12 hours in VOX mode, making it highly energy efficient.
– With this monitor, you can comfort your baby with the 8 pre-programmed lullabies from and also use your soothing voice through its two-way talk system. Should you have the volume of the monitor down, the Sound Activated LED indicator will alert you if your baby needs to be comforted again.
– While you work on other tasks around home, it can be easy to overlook the time. That is why this monitor includes an option to set up an alarm, a practical reminder for feeding and bath time.
– Although this model was considered for its budget price, its camera capabilities are far from modest. With a 360 degree pan and a 120 degree tilt, you can be sure to keep an eye on your baby when you're not able to be in the same room. Your cameras can also be expanded up to 4 with this system.
The Hello Baby HB24 is a true steal for its price! Packed with the same features as our other two top picks, it is with pride we share with you our budget pick. Although smaller than the other two, it is easy to carry around and its minimal look makes it simple to use. And because we don't think you should sacrifice quality for a lower price, we are happy to tell you this monitor is currently a #1 New Release on Amazon and ranking very high on its customer reviews.
Specialized Picks
Video Monitors Under $100
– Because budget pick has further inspired us to provide you with affordable video baby monitors that don't break your wallet.
Motorola MBP27T Video Monitor
A trusted brand and leader in electronics, the Motorola MBP27T baby monitor is another steal for an affordable price. It features great quality in a compact device that is elegant.
With its sleek 2.4in color LCD screen, this monitor communicates through a 2.4 GHz secure wireless connection. You can activate its IR nigh vision during the night and use its two-way communication to ensure the comfort of your baby at night.
With a range up to 520 ft, you can complete tasks around home knowing the monitor will notify you when you are out of range or the receiver are running low on battery. When you find yourself around noisy tasks, the LED sound light indicator will still capture your attention visually, ensuring you never miss on any alerts.
A last great and very unique feature to the Motorola MBP27T is its Touchless Thermometer! The monitor has touchless built-in temperature sensor that can measure from the physical temperature of your little one to the temperature of his milk.
Infant Optics DXR-5 Video Monitor
Infant Optics DXR-5 Video Monitor
By the same company of our favorite pick, the Infant Optics DXR-5 baby monitor is a simpler and more affordable version than the Infant Optics DXR-8.
This model provides your with a 2.4Hz FHSS wireless transmission for a secure connection. With a 2.4in TFT color screen and an automatic IR night vision, you can rest assures that you will always have eyes on your precious little one.
When a visual on your baby is not needed, you can turn the VOX mode on, saving you on power. What's more, this model also provides you with a an auto-mute mode, which cancels out static white noise that would otherwise be disturbing.
With up to 800 ft in open ares and 150 ft in enclosed areas, the Infant Optics DXR-5 will provide you with unparalleled smooth video quality at an affordable price.
Summer Infant Clear Sight Video Monitor
Summer Infant Clear Sight Video Monitor
This video monitor might have the smallest screen out of all our proposed video monitors, but the Summer Infant baby monitors remains a high quality product with reliable features. Its 1.8in LCD screen will provide you with a crisp image, while its 2.4GHz wireless digital technology will ensure that you and your baby are connected through a secure transmission.
The portability of this model with its bult-in belt clip will give you the freedom to multi-task around home, all while making sure your little one is safe and comfortable. And don't worry around tasks that prove to be noisy, because this monitor will alert you with its sound lights even if your volume is turned down.
The Summer Infant baby monitor is flexible and designed to work around a busy home. As for those calm hours during the night, this monitors will automatically turn on its IR night vision and will allow you to talk to through the baby receiver should you need to bring comfort throughout the night. This kit comes with one camera included, but you can have up to 4 cameras to have maximum coverage around your home.
Audio-Only Monitors
– Because the essential is sometimes enough and although they might not provide you with video, they provide you with equal audio quality for a peace of mind.
VTech DM221 Safe & Sound Audio Monitor
VTech DM221 Safe & Sound Audio Monitor
The VTech DM221 baby monitor uses DECT 6.0 digital technology to transmit crystal-clear sound that is without interference. DECT technology uses an encrypted signal so you and your baby can feel secure. With a range up to 1,000 ft, its lightweight design and its long lasting power for up to 18 hours, you can move freely around your home.
When your baby needs comfort and you're not around, you can use your soothing voice through the talk intercom system. With its 5-level LED sound indicator lights, you can rest assured you will be aware of alerts even if you're around noisy tasks. And with its original built-in night light, the baby receiver will soothe your baby during the dark horse of the night.
Angelcare AC420 Audio Monitor
The Angelcare AC420 baby monitor provides you with crisp sound through its 927 MHz and 2.4 GHz transmission frequency bands. With a range up to 820 ft and a sound light indicator, you can move freely about your home knowing that you will be able to listen into your baby's nursery.
This monitor displays the temperature of the nursery, ensuring that your baby is comfortable even when you're not around. Another feature is its nightlight on the baby receiver, a comforting halo of light that will sooth your baby all through the night.
Graco Secure Coverage Digital Audio Monitor
Graco Secure Coverage Digital Audio Monitor
The Graco Secure baby monitor operates at a 900MHz frequency, which means you will not experience interference problems from other electronic devices, like cellphones or microwaves for example. This reliable secure system is also practical, as it comes with a belt clip for maximum portability.
This model will allow you to roam freely around your home and even to the garden. With a 2,000ft range, you will be able to work around your home without worrying about your connection to your baby. And should you find yourself worried about running low on battery, the monitor will alert you.
If you find yourself around a consuming and noisy task, this monitor will alert you with its exclusive light alert, even if the volume is turned down. The intensity and frequency of the light will match the noise coming from your baby, allowing you to stay in sync. And Should you ever
The Graco Secure baby monitor makes the equal share of tasks between new parents easier. Alongs with its long range and secure network will, the kit comes with 2 parent units! This will not only allows both parents to stay in tune with their baby from separate locations, but it will give you a constant assurance that your baby has all the attention it needs.
Baby Monitor Apps
– Because technology is constantly evolving around us, so what better way is there to keep an eye on your baby than from your smartphone? You always have it on hand!
Cloud Baby Monitor – Apple Only
Cloud Baby Monitor – Apple Only
Dormi Baby Monitor – Android Only
Dormi Baby Monitor – Android Only
Baby Monitor 3G – For Both Apple and Android
Baby Monitor 3G – For Both Apple and Android
Based on our research, we decided to narrow down our selection to the best 3 applications out on the market. We also took into account the variety of smartphones that exist today and we made sure our selections would work for both Apple and Android devices.
When it comes to features, all 3 applications are highly similar in the options they provide to ensure the safety of your baby and your peace of mind. All systems work over Wi-Fi, but allow you to use Edge, 3G, 4G and LTE services to continue monitoring your baby when you have to step outside your home. They also include press- to-talk and night-light options to soothe your little one during anytime of the day. Feel free to take a look at their websites to find out more details and purchase the applications.
The Competition
In today's market, you will find a plethora of baby monitors to choose from, which can get quite overwhelming. From well-known electronic brand names to specialized ones, they will all stand by their product quality. this is why we have taken the burden out of your hands by performing over 45 hours of research on baby monitors.
During our research period, we focused on quality and range so parents could gather a good feeling of what's in the market. When we were finalizing our descriptions of our top picks and specialized ones, we made sure to break it down to different types that would be easy to digest. We also focused on comparisons, from pros to cons, to better help you choose what is best for you and your baby.
Wrapping It Up
From the moment we finalized our recommendations, we knew we had gathered a list of quality products that you were going to love. Our chosen baby monitors are well researched, have high ratings and have verified reviews from parents just like you.
From video monitors, to audio ones and applications, we have presented you with a range of choices that is not overwhelming. Our selective choices ensure you and your baby will get a quality product no matter which monitors you choose to purchase.
Parents go through much preparation before a new baby and they often get little sleep once the little one has arrived. We absolutely love the Infant Optics DXR-8 and recommend it as our first choice for your peace of mind. But no matter which baby monitor you end up choosing from our list, we are confident they will all inspire comfort through each step of your new baby's life.


text:
On the Recreation Blog you will find information on parks and lakes, outdoor activities, and exciting outdoor events! We are huge supporters of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department so much of the information will pertain to Texas State parklands and activities. Garner State Park's spring through summer dances, and Palo Duro Canyon State Park's "Texas" play are two of the most popular and longest running state park events. Garner State Park camping reservations should be made months in advance! The park permits reservations to be made 11 months in advance. Children thrive in the outdoors, and we highly recommend the Texas Outdoor Family Camping Workshops for those new to camping. These fun events teach camping and outdoor skills to families, and provide many great children's activities! These events are held year round at various Texas Parklands so watch the Schedule for one taking place in a park near you. November's camps are being held at Lake Mineral Wells, Dinosaur Valley (Glen Rose), and Pedernales Falls (Johnson City), State Parks.
Garner State Park Hiking TPWD Copyright
This 1,742 seat amphitheater hosts the musical "Texas" which is performed annually from June into August, Tuesday through Sunday evenings. The show features fictional characters acting out the struggles and triumphs of the settlers of the Texas Panhandle. A steak dinner is served on the patio prior to the show. Reservations are highly recommended. For ticket Information and reservations call the Pioneer Amphitheater box office at (806) 655-2181. Tickets may be purchased at the Pioneer Amphitheater box office beginning at 6pm, Tue-Sun. They may also be purchased at the TEXAS Box Office in Canyon on the square at 1514 5th Avenue, or by calling (806) 655-2181.
These workshops are family camping sessions designed to teach camping skills to those who do not know how to camp; everything is provided from tent to broom. Gear includes a coffee pot, dishes, cooking pots, a camp stove, a battery operated fan and lantern, air mattresses, and a tent. Basic skills taught include pitching a tent, making a campfire, cooking on a propane camp stove, geocaching and using a GPS. Wildlife viewing, fishing and kayaking are available depending on the park and its facilities. After making reservations, families will be sent a packet of information which includes a grocery list. Those interested in this program may sign up for E-Mail Updates on Currently Scheduled Workshops. (512) 389-8903. Calendar


text:
Joseph was a NPC (Non-Playable Character) in Bakugan Dimensions. He was located in The Residential. He stood where Dan Kuso used to be. He was a Subterra brawler.
(Before Brawl)
"I came here hoping to brawl Dan Kuso, but he seems to be gone. I bet he went thought that portal that opened up by the fountain in Downtown. Oh well. I'm here, you're here, want to brawl?"
(After Brawl- Win)
"Man, I don't know what I was thinking. If I can't beat you, how can I ever hope to beat the great Dan Kuso?"
- Subterra Glotronoid - 725 Gs
- Subterra Raptorix - 725 Gs
- Subterra Sky & Gaia Dragonoid - 725 Gs
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
In May, Karma Automotive introduced the 2018 Revero Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). It's the first effort from an automotive company dedicated to making a singular PHEV for a singular market segment.
Immersed Technologies developed the owner's manuals and a mobile app to align with the state-of-the-art technology expectations of Revero owners. The app perfectly fits their lifestyle. Information about an owner's Revero is readily and easily accessible via their handheld devices and is informative in real-time via updates and notifications.
Additionally, our work supporting the Revero's launch included development, production and delivery of service manuals, product knowledge and technical training tools for the Revero retailers and technicians. Training tools range from printed and online reference sources to instructor-led and web-based training.
Immersed Technologies works closely and in sync with its customers to meet grueling deadlines and to meet and exceed project goals. As a result, we feel and share in their pain, but―we also get to experience their glory. And that's a feeling like no other!
The feeling shimmers and runs through you like a current. You know you've done and been part of something big, even grand, as is the case of all vehicle launches.
We got that feeling when the 2018 Karma Revero launched. And we get it every time we are part of our customer's success. We know that doesn't happen by chance or by luck. We work for the grand result and we work to get that feeling. And quite frankly…that's all of the time.


text:
Hailee Steinfeld cast as Sleeping Beauty
True Grit actress Hailee Steinfeld is attached to another cinematic reworking, this time of the classic fairytale, Sleeping Beauty.
Following her big screen début playing Mattie Ross in the Coen Brothers' film, True Grit, the fourteen-year-old was nominated for a BAFTA and an Academy Award, amongst numerous others awards.
Now it seems the sought-after actress has attached herself to play the lead role in an upcoming amped-up version of Sleeping Beauty. This alternative take on the traditional fairytale has been penned by screenwriter Lindsay Devlin, and will reportedly be told from the point of the sleeping beaut herself (in case anyone was worried that Steinfeld would be left snoozing throughout the whole thing…).
Although Sleeping Beauty is currently awaiting financing, it it is taken up by buyers the film will join a long list of fairytale adaptations – but it is more than likely now that Steinfeld's involvement has been confirmed.
Already in production on the fairytale-front is Snow White and the Hunstman, which stars Kristen Stewart and Charlize Theron, The Brothers Grimm: Snow White with Julia Roberts and Armie Hammer, and Peter Pan starring Channing Tatum. Meanwhile Gemma Arterton will also also appear in Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters, and James Franco will star in Oz: The Great and Powerful.
That's not to mention the fact that there is already a reworking of the Sleeping Beauty story in the pipeline at Disney, which is currently titled Maleficent.
Will Steinfeld be able to deliver another stand-out performance against such stiff competition? It's hard to say, but her performance in the upcoming Memento-esque film, Forgotten, should give some indication of what she's capable.
We'll keep you posted!


text:
I'm trying to enable facebook comments from this blog and vice versa. Comment here, I guess, to help me test this shit.
Category: Uncategorized
Jerry watches the Eastern Conference Finals
So in my misguided attempt to learn how to do everything in Emacs, I've set up blogging via Emacs. Yeah. Hopefully this will actually show up.
To thine own self…
I think my favorite part of this Scalia quotation:
If the cruel and unusual punishments clause simply means that today's society should not do anything that it considers cruel and unusual, it means nothing except, "To thine own self be true."
is his clear lack of understanding of the ironic context in which that phrase is uttered.
And what's so bad about being true to yourself anyway?
Reading Rorty
I've recently picked up Richard Rorty's Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, and what I'll be doing is reading a chapter or two and posting some general commentary.
Eat shit, assholes
Shut the fuck up about baseball
Holy shit, you mean baseball players took performance enhancing drugs?! My monocle!
Shut the fuck up about it, it doesn't signal the collapse of Western civilization, you sanctimonious assholes. Big fucking deal, some jock cheated in some stupid game. The world didn't end, your innocence isn't lost, you'll live through it. Stop writing stupid stories about it, idiots.
First thing we do, let's kill all the tenured professors
Sloppy thinking about tenure abounds on the Internet. Not surprisingly, the major opponents to tenure are conservatives, academic and otherwise, whose "arguments" consist of leveling scurrilous charges against tenured professors. Not that there aren't left critiques of tenure too, but since they're virtually invisible, I'ma just ignore them for now.
A recent "story" at Slate examines this case and unsurprisingly finds it convincing. It really has all the hallmarks of terrible reporting: inapplicable analogies, numbers taking out of context, extensive citations from conservative critics with long records of writing about how horrible tenure is (while, paradoxically, enjoying the benefits of the institution themselves).
I mean, why would you even write this:
Imagine you ran a restaurant. A very prestigious, exclusive restaurant. To attract top talent, you guarantee all cooks and waiters job security for life. Not only that, because you value honesty and candor, you allow them to say anything they want about you and your cuisine, publicly and without fear of retribution. The only catch is that all cooks or waiters would have to start out as dishwashers or busboys, for at least 10 years, when none of these protections would apply.
It sounds absurd in the context of the food-service industry—for both you and your staff. But this system has governed academia for decades.
TENURE DOES NOT WORK THAT WAY! That's not the rationale for why tenure exists, at all. Arguments by analogy are, in general horrible; you can't just take an out-of-context scenario from one profession and transplant into another. Just because tenure might be an absurd idea in restaurants doesn't mean it's an absurd idea in academia, because there are qualitatively different imperatives at work in the two institutions.
Nor do the numbers make an ironclad case for eliminating tenure:
Mark C. Taylor, chair of the Columbia University department of religion and author of the forthcoming Crisis on Campus: A Bold Plan for Reforming Our Colleges and Universities, calculates that someone who serves as an associate professor with tenure for five years and then becomes a full professor for 30 years costs a private university $12.2 million.* Public universities pay $10 million over the same period. And because most universities pay tenured professors out of their endowments, each professor freezes up tens of millions in otherwise-liquid endowment money for a generation. University debt jumped 54 percent last year, with an average debt of $168 million. If the average university tenured about 15 fewer professors, they'd be in the black.
The level of stupidity in this paragraph is just unbearable. So, let's take it as a given that a university professor costs their institution between $10 and $12 million over the course of their time there. Is that a lot? A little? Who knows?! Compared to what? I guess it's probably a lot if you want to pay professors the same as janitors, but there's no obvious context for any of these numbers. So if universities tenured 15 fewer professors then ceteris paribus they'd be in the black? How about if more public funding went to our universities, maybe then they'd be in the black too! But no, obviously the answer is to get rid of people who are doing useful and interesting work because god forbid we might use public funds to reinforce the country's intellectual infrastructure. That's an unthinkable proposition for noted hack Mark Taylor.
Speaking of Taylor, it's quite ironic that a professor of religion, surely one of the least useful titles in academia, should be advocating these cuts. Where does he think they're going to come from, exactly? The engineering school? No, the engineering school has fellowships endowed by Intel and industry funding. You know whose neck they're going to come for first, Mark Taylor? Yours. Of course then they'll basically get rid of everyone who doesn't bring in their own funding, leaving universities to be little better than technical institutes, but don't think you're going to escape the purge.
Other notable highlights:
- Critics say that tenure hurts students by making professors lazy.
Well, does it, asshole?! But why do research when you can just fling unsubstantiated allegations (Critics say!) of unquantifiable moral turpitude at people. Critics of Chris Beam say writing dumb articles for slate makes him blow goats.
- Tenure can also discourage interdisciplinary studies
Does it? Who knows? Certainly not Ace Reporter Chris Beam. When I am King Shit of Reporting Mountain I will prohibit the use of the word "can" except as a direct citation backed by a graph. A pretty graph.
- Besides, says Taylor, the idea that a tenured professor can finally "speak out" is absurd. "If you don't have the guts to speak out before, you're not gonna have it after." Even tenured professors still have all kinds of incentives to keep their heads down. There's still research to fund, administrators to placate, time off to negotiate.
Ah yes, I will certainly take contrarian Mark Taylor's word for it. Certainly I have never heard of any professors ever speaking out on any topic of interest!
What's really disappointing about this reporting is how much better it could have been. I bag on Taylor, but he's written some fairly correct stuff on the decline of the university as a center for actual learning and on the over-production of graduate students. Those are real problems that, tenure or no tenure, should be tackled in some way, and ones that are worth reporting on. It's also true that the tenure track tends to be unfair to women, a point which the article mentions but ends up basically glossing over. Of course, the real elephant in this room is the continued commercialization of the university, the endless proliferation of its administrative apparatus (which, let's be honest here, eats up way more resources than some English professor), and the chronic unwillingness of the public to actually fund its educational institutions. Maybe tenure is a problem, maybe it's not, but it's so low on the totem pole that addressing it is like trying to extract the mote from your eye while you're being impaled on a beam.
Never change, Tim
If you don't find this infinitely adorable you are a horrible monster with no soul.
We can only hope.


text:
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
|Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision
|Previous revision
cyberlaw:networks [2019/01/17 13:50]
cyberlaw:networks [2019/02/13 11:37] (current)
|Line 1:
|Line 1:
|## Different Ways of Understanding the Layers of the Internet
|**Video Overview by Nic Suzor:[Layers of the Internet](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqhXMmQOOXU)**
|# The Dawn of the Internet: A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace
|In order to understand how the internet operates, and how regulation can operate in this context, it is important to understand the different layers of the internet. Network engineers generally conceptualise up to seven layers of the internet and distinguish between the physical pipes, network infrastructure and many other components of the network. However, for the purposes of this unit, we will conceptualise the internet in terms of three main layers: infrastructure, code and content.
|In 1996, John Perry Barlow released a famous provocation about the limits of state power in regulating the internet. The Declaration, which we encourage you to **[read](https://projects.eff.org/~barlow/Declaration-Final.html)** or **[watch](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WS9DhSIWR0)** in full, begins:
|>Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.
|>... I declare the global social space we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear.
|The first layer of the internet is the 'infrastructure' layer (network cables, routers, and protocols). This layer of the Internet is designed around the principle of a 'neutral' network (['end-to-end' principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_principle)): the responsibility for determining the content of communications rests with smart servers and users at the ends of the network, and the intermediaries are just responsible for passing messages along the chain. Intermediaries are expected not to examine or intefere with content, in any substantive way, as it passes through their networks. The design principle that intermediaries are merely conduits for passing messages enables innovation at the infrastructure level. As the network itself is open, there is a real separation between the infrastructure (the pipes) and content (the data that flows over those pipes), which means that anyone is free to 'plug-in' to the internet and start providing services over the IP protocol and the hardware that connects all users together. Service providers can design new systems that can operate on top of standardised protocols.
|Barlow's Declaration has played an pivotal role in shaping how we think about online regulation. In this extract, he makes two main claims about online regulation, which we will examine in more detail below. The first is that the internet is inherently unregulable by territorial governments. The second is that state regulation of the internet is illegitimate, or governments should defer to the self-rule of cyberspace.
|The second layer can be thought of as the 'code' layer - that is, the software that operates at the ends of the network to interact with users. The webserver that sends users the webpages they requested, customised and tailored for that particular user, is a software program running on a server or farm of servers. The applications ('apps') that connect people to others, that allow users to chat, like, comment on and swipe content created by others, are pieces of software running on mobile devices and personal computers that communicate with software running on the servers somewhere in 'the cloud'. These programs, including their design, the input they accept, the algorithms they use to respond to requests, are responsible for determining who we can communicate with and how.
|##Barlow's First Claim: The Internet is Unregulable
|The third layer of the internet is content, or the material that is transmitted over the network infrastructure, selected and presented by code. The information that users express and receive over the internet and the visible components of its networks are largely what we envision when we think of 'the internet'. This content layer is where most regulatory concerns arise because governments and private actors often have reasons to want to limit the flow of certain information over the internet.
|**Overview by Nic Suzor:[Governing the Internet](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybNGDquKVTc)**
|The history of internet regulation is mostly a history of attempts by various parties to regulate content, including offensive communications and pornography, private and confidential information, defamatory statements and copyright content. Increasingly, however, attempts to regulate content involve struggles at the code and infrastructure layers as pressure mounts on those who provide network infrastrucutre or services to build certain rules into their systems. The most prominent struggles over internet governance are principally concerned with who gets to decide how networks are structured and how code operates.
|>"You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear."
|## Infrastructure (The Internet Is a Series of Tubes)
|Barlow's first claim that territorial states do not have the power to regulate the internet is largely descriptive. This claim is based on a number of factors, including the decentralised nature of the internet, which is a network of networks that spans the globe without any real concern for jurisdictional boundaries. The internet enables billions of people to communicate largely anonymously across the globe, and the sheer quantity of content that is transmitted over the network each day is almost incomprehensibly large. All of these factors mean that, for the most part, any explicit interventions by governments can be trivially circumvented. If a website is shut down in one jurisdiction, it can be back up the next day somewhere else in the world. If a document is removed from one site, it will often quickly be reposted on a dozen more (see, for example, the '[streisand effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streisand_effect)').
|**Video Overview by Nic Suzor:[Internet Infrastructure](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwLTm1kJh3w)**
|However, it turns out that regulating the internet isn't quite impossible, just often very difficult. Fundamentally, the internet is not a separate place because the people who use it are real people, in real locations, subject to the very real power of their jurisdictions. The pipes that people use to communicate are cables and wireless links which also have physical presence. Where a Government can target the speakers, recipients or intermediaries involved in a communication, it can have a real effect on what information is transmitted via the internet. Figure 1 below, for example, illustrates the network traffic in Egypt over the period of the January 2011 revolution. You can clearly see the point at which the Egyptian Government had shut down the five major Egyptian internet service providers. The Egyptian Government's intervention epitomises the idea that _those who controls the pipes, controls the universe._
|The resilience of the internet is often framed in John Gilmore's famous words, "The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it."((Philip Elmer-Dewitt, 'First Nation in Cyberspace' (1994) 49 TIME International http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/outerspace/internet-article.html.)) To understand this claim, we have to understand some principles about how the internet works. The Internet is often defined as a 'network of networks'. Wikipedia has [a good definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet):
|The challenge of regulating the internet is finding an effective way to either identify and regulate the potentially anonymous creators of information, the billions of potential recipients, or finding a way to regulate the networks along the chain of communication.
|>The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.
|**Figure 1: Who Controls the Pipes, Controls the Universe - Traffic to and from Egypt on 27-28 January 2011, from Arbor Networks**
|The Internet as we know it is built on [technologies funded by the US Department of Defence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA), large public investments in infrastructure by academic and other institutions and, from the 1990s, large-scale private investments in the deployment of new commercial and private connections around the world. From its very beginnings, the internet was designed to be _resilient_. One of its key features is that it relies on an inter-connected web of computers to route information from any point to any other point on the internet. Take, for example, a user in Australia sending a message via Facebook. The user might write a message on their home computer or mobile device, the message us then transmitted along an ISP's network a few times before hitting a major backbone or undersea cable, and then passed along the chain by several other networked routers before finally reaching its destination at a webserver in the US. The process of sending a Facebook message could take anywhere from 10 to 20 different 'hops' along that chain. Facebook's webserver in the US will receive that request, and send back the content to the user along a similar, but not necessarily the same, path.
|![Graph of traffic to and from Egypt on January 27-28 2011, from Arbor Networks - Who Controls the Pipes, Controls the Universe](http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/01/arbor_egypt-660x359.jpg)
|(Image (c) Arbor Networks via [Wired](http://www.wired.com/2011/01/egypt-isp-shutdown/))
|One reason why the internet is hard to regulate is that messages can take any path between the two end points. Internet infrastructure is designed to resist control and automatically re route around problems, such as broken links, when and where they might occur. For instance, individual messages are broken down into much smaller 'packets', and the 'Internet Protocol' (IP) provides the standard for communication that enables all connected systems to talk to each other and pass data along the chain. If any link in this chain is broken, the Internet Protocol allows computers on the Internet to find other routes to get the message to its destination. This is where we get to Gilmore's quote: if a particular path is blocked or censored, it is often possible to pass a message along different paths to its destination.
|###A Case Study: Newzbin
|Some networks are more easy to regulate than others. When networks are organised as 'client/server' networks, targeting the server can be very effective. When they are more decentralised, as in 'peer-to-peer' (P2P) networks, this becomes much more difficult.
|**[Overview of Newzbin by Nic Suzor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8Ph8eO26q4)**
|One way of avoiding regulation online is through the use of a Virtual Private Network **[(VPN)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prhQKAJG8nA)**. A VPN can create an encrypted 'tunnel' from an entry point in one jurisdiction, to an exit point in another. By using a VPN, a user can appear to be located in another jurisdiction. This means the user can avoid any jurisdiction-based filtering or blocking, and also make it much more difficult to track down his or her real location and other identifying information. **This video explains how[some Australians use VPNs to access overseas Netflix content and ultimately bypas industry agreements that require geographic market segmentation of content](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rk0aeKMCRFs)**.
|While the internet is not unregulable, there are unique challenges facing regulators. The case of Newzbin, which was a popular Usenet indexing site, is one example from the fight against copyright infringement. Dubbed 'the Google of usenet' by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), copyright owner groups sought to shut down the service that allowed others to easily find copyright films and other works. In a 2010 Decision, the High Court in the United Kingdom (UK) found Newzbin liable for copyright infringement, and the company was wound up and their website shut down.(([Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v Newzbin Limited [2010] EWHC 608 (Ch)](http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2010/608.html)))
|Two weeks later, Newzbin2 rose from the ashes. Someone had copied the entire codebase of the old site and brought it back online on a server in the Seychelles, an archipelago of islands outside of UK jurisdiction. The MPAA went back to court, this time seeking an injunction that would require UK-based ISPs to block access to the website. The Court granted this order, marking an expansion of laws that were originally designed to block websites that hosted child sexual abuse material: [Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v British Telecommunications PLC](http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2011/1981.html) [2011] EWHC 1981 (Ch).
|The system for blocking websites is not wholly effective. It turned out to be easy to bypass if users encrypted their connections or used a virtual private network to avoid the block. Shortly after the injunction, Newzbin2 released a user-friendly application to 'utterly defeat' the filter, [explaining that its app](http://torrentfreak.com/newzbin2-release-encrypted-client-to-defeat-website-blocking-110914/) could "break any updated web censorship methods or anti-freedom countermeasures". Ultimately, however, Newzbin2 closed down in 2012. It had lost the trust of its users, who were not sufficiently willing to pay to support the new service. Importantly, copyright owners had also started to target the payment intermediaries that channeled funds to the organisation - intermediaries like Mastercard, Visa, Paypal, and smaller payment processors that use these networks.
|The Newzbin case study illustrates how regulating online content and behaviour can be an extremely difficult task. By cutting off the flow of money, the rightsholder groups were eventually successful in shutting down Newzbin. However, this took a lot of time and effort, and there is a good chance that many users of the service simply moved to newer, better hidden infringement networks. Overall, the copyright industry has had some succes in tackling large copyright infringers, but this is an ongoing arms race, as infringers continue to find ways around the regulations.
|##Barlow's Second Claim: State Regulation of the Internet is Illegitimate
|**Overview by Nic Suzor[The Legitimacy of Online Regulation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0m_GZC4x2w)**
|The second claim that Barlow makes in his Declaration is that state governments _should_ defer to cyberspace self-rule, or what we call 'private ordering'. Barlow explains that:
|>"We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance will emerge."
|Barlow's argument is that the rules and social norms created by online communities to govern themselves will be better than anything imposed by territorial states. This was expressed by Johnson and Post in a famous 1995 article as a general principle that there is "no geographically localized set of constituents with a strong and more legitimate claim to regulate [online activities]" than the members of the communities themselves.((David Johnson and David Post, 'Law and Borders--The Rise of Law in Cyberspace' (1995) 48 Stanford Law Review 1367, 1375)) In addition to arguing that online communities should be able to govern for themselves, Barlow and Johnson and Post asserted that if territorial governments try to impose their own laws on a borderless internet, users will never be able to work out what set of rules they are subject to. The consequence of governments attempting to prevent online communities from regulating themselves, according to Post, would be:((Post, 'Governing Cyberspace: Law' (2008) http://www.academia.edu/2720975/Governing_Cyberspace_Law))
|> "... the chaotic nonsense of Jurisdictional Whack-a-Mole".
|As we will see in the [[jurisdiction|Jurisdiction chapter]], the legitimacy of any one nation claiming jurisdiction over transnational communications is still a vexed issue. As the Australian High Court noted in the _Dow Jones v Gutnick_((_Dow Jones and Company Inc v Gutnick_ [2002] HCA 56 http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/56.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(dow%20jones%20and%20gutnick%20)&nocontext=1)) case, nation states purport to have a responsibility to protect their citizens' interests online, and certainly a desire to regulate online content and behaviour.


text:
I use citrix but has not very much understanding of whats behind... :-)
At work I use 2 types of citrix where i log on via IE 8
my companys old citrix and the new citrix...
Not sure what the diff. is.
I have a laptop where I have 2 monitors connected as DUAL monitor.
My problem is that when i use the "new" citrix I can not move my citrix windows from the left montor to the right monitor.
They stop at right side of the left monitor.
I have no problems with windows from old citrix or any other program.
I know this is very little info and I'm just trying to find out if there is a well known problem here, before investigation deeper :-)


text:
Wooden Woodworking Canada Inc. is a locally owned cabinetry contractor with more than five decades of experience in the industry. We offer affordable kitchen cabinets that meet the needs of our clients.
Our experts have the skills and expertise to understand your requirements and design affordable custom cabinets that are functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Whatever your style, budget, and kitchen design may be, our experts can recommend products that perfectly suit your requirements. We use premium quality materials to create durable and reliable products and take pride in the excellent results that we deliver! We also provide kitchen cabinet installation services at your convenience.
If you are looking for kitchen cabinets, please visit us at https://woodenww.com or call us at 416-299-4825. We'll be happy to help!


text:
Beach Lots from $45,000
Just 1 lot available!!
Onsite Caretaker, absentee owner friendly
No obligation to build.
Contact us today!!
USA Toll FREE 1 866 833 4005
14 titled lots, 1 still available
walking distance from the beach.
Lots from $45,000
onsite caretaker (absentee owner friendly)
800 meters from the beach
communal organic greenhouse
excellent vacation rental potential
lot/ house combos
no time limit or obligation to build
5 min's from new hospital
10 minutes from town
2 hours from San Jose, 1 hour from the site of the new International Airport
Lot Sizes and Prices
Lot # 1 437 m2 2 Bedroom House SOLD
Lot # 2 357 m2 SOLD
Lot # 3 359 m2 SOLD
Lot # 4 1514 m2 SOLD
Lot # 5 1414 m2 SOLD
Lot # 6 380 m2 SOLD
Lot # 7 481 m2 2 Bed/ 2 Bath house SOLD
Lot # 8 799 m2 Last lot available $45,000
Lot # 9 799 m2 SOLD
Lot # 10 524 m2 Caretakers House,
Communal Organic Gardens
Lot # 11 1145 m2 SOLD
Lot # 12 427 m2 SOLD
Lot # 13 425 m2 SOLD
Lot # 14 411 m2 SOLD
Earn PASSIVE Income with your Costa Rica vacation home!
1.Choose a lot and house design (we can modify our designs to suit or work with your design)
2. Construction time is about 3 - 4 months
3. Rent out your vacation home
4. Our onsite caretakers will help with the meet and greet and keeping your house clean and ready for guests.
Earn back your initial investment within 4 years and then it is all profit after that!
Invest in your FUTURE at PLAYA PALMA!
Earn great ROI with Passive Rental Income,
while your home equity grows every year.
Construction Services
We offer top quality construction services that are absentee owner friendly. We send regular construction updates to clients with photos and progress reports, and are available to answer any questions. Typical construction time is about 3 to 4 months total. Contact us for any questions that you have. We can also custom build and have many more examples of floorplans. Contact us and lets get started planning your Costa Rican getaway! Once it is built we can help manage vacation rentals. Earn money with your vacation home!
New 2 bedroom, 2 bath house on lot # 7 with large balcony off the master.
Available immediately. Great rental potential!
House on lot # 1
Completed in 10 weeks
Sold in 2 months!
click photo to see construction process
House Designs
We design living spaces with funcionality and simplicity in mind, yet using top quality materials and finishings. The inexpensive cost of construction and funcionality makes these houses great for vacation rental or for full time living.
Vacation Rental Floorplans
We can build you a small but very functional 1, and 2 bedroom vacation rental unit to rent out. Earn 10% returns!
Click on image for floorplans and more info.
from Contact us for current pricing
click image for more info
La Cabana
1 Bedroom, 1 bath, 480 ft2, 45 m2, optional side patio, aluminum sliding windows, ceramic tile throughout, on demand hot water heater, vaulted ceiling.
Contact us for current pricing
click image for more info
2 Bedroom, 2 bath, 678 ft 2 inside, 255 ft 2 patio, aluminum sliding windows, ceramic tile throughout, vaulted ceilings, on demand hot water heater. Very functional design. A favorite of ours!
click image for more info
El Colibri
1 Bedroom, 1 bath, 584 ft2, 54m2 optional side patio, aluminum sliding windows, ceramic tile throughout, on demand hot water heater.
contact us for more info
Casa Teka
2 Bedroom, 1 bath, 809 ft2, 75 m2, vaulted ceilings, second floor patio off master, on demand hot water heater.
from $77,810
click image for more info
El Aguila
2 Bedroom, 2 bath, 1130 ft2 inside, , + 336 ft 2 of second floor patio, optional teak accent walls, aluminum sliding windows, ceramic tile throughout, on demand hot water heater.
click image for more info
* We also build custom construction, and can build any size house for you. Contact us and lets plan your personalized house.
*House prices do not include lot
14 Titled lots walking distance to the beach
Lots from just $45,000
Reserve your lot today, No time limit to build!
Custom construction services from $80 ft2
Lot Prices: Lat lot available $45,000
Property # 1433
Location: Playa Palma, Central Pacific Coast, Costa Rica.
PLAYA PALMA is located 800 meters from the beach on Costa Rica's Central Pacific Coast about halfway inbetween Jaco and Manual Antonio. About 2 hours from the International Airport in San Jose. 1 hour from the site of the new international airport in Orotina.
7 minutes from the town of Parrita and the new hospital is 5 minutes away.
PLAYA PALMA Eco Development is an Eco friendly private development walking distance from the pristine Blue Flag beach of Playa Palma, also known as Playa Bandera.
The development consists of 14 lots, one of which is a community park with the caretakers house and communal organic fruit and vegetable gardens.
We are designing a development for people who want to live a healthier lifestyle, with a safe homebase to explore the nearby wonders of nature in Costa Rica.
Each homeowner will share in the spoils of the harvest of our organic fruit and vegetable gardens, and eggs from free range organic chickens. The homeowners don't have to do a thing but pick up their daily veggies. Our caretaker takes care of everything. However, if you want to get your hands dirty and help in the communal gardens you are more than welcome to assist!
Location/ Area Attractions:
Located just 30 minutes from Manuel Antonio National Park, 1 hour from Carara National Park, 45 minutes from La Cangraja National Park, and 1 hour from Bahia Ballena National Park, Sky Mountain canopy tour, Rainmaker Suspension bridges through the canopy, rafting, diving, snorkelling, horsebackriding, monkey tours, etc, not to mention the countless waterfalls, secluded beaches, mangrove canals to explore within just a few minutes of the property.
2 hours from the International Airport in San Jose.
1 hour and 15 minutes from the future site of the new International Airport in Orotina.
The local area is home to various species of monkeys, toucans, scarlet macaws, sloths, etc.
Just 10 minutes from town where all services are available, and 5 minutes from the new hospital in Parrita.
With our onsite caretaker and gated entrance this property is absentee owner friendly and your home can be used as vacation rental to earn income with your investment. We can even assist with property management.
Contact us today for more information about Playa Palma Eco Development and ask about our special prices!


text:
What a Film Festival for our 5th anniversary! The weather was weighted towards delightful Autumn sunshine and this year's visitors came execptionally plentifully. With over 2.000 guests, WITHOUT BOARDERS once again clearly lured more film fans to the 'culture barn' than the previous year. 'Good news' was not only the motto of the festival but also the echo of the top-class movie schedule and the numerous prominent guests.
From the outset at the grand opening on Friday evening we were able to greet Ronald Zehrfeld with his team from 'Motorcircus', that helped present his project 'Mission South/ Ärzte helfen e.V'. The greeting of the official anniversary celebrations on Saturday was held by Kirsten Niehuus, the managing director of the `Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg`. She praised not only the development of the festival but to our delight also announced a further grant for the coming five years.
The films – of which many were sneak-preview premiers – were accompanied by plenty of film discussions. A particular highlight was the extensive conversation that Gero von Boehm led with our guest of honour, the 95 year-old Georg Stefan Troller. On Saturday evening Princess Shaw rocked the stage – having travelled from New Orleans – as well as the protagonist of the document of the same name. A heartily applauded performance was also given to Sister Fa, alias Fatou Ditta, after the showing of the film 'Little Stones'.
On Sunday, Barbara Schöneberger and Gero von Boehm charmingly narrated the Discussion Round, this time with Volker Schlöndorff, Aelrun Goette, Nik Xhelilaj and Isabell Suba. Good news in the world of film? Above all, that in the meantime ladies are breaking through strongly onto the film market!
Last but not least, we are very happy that even before the film fest began we could invite 160 students to our 'School Cinema' and provide two workshops for Brandenburg students and young refugees. The presentation of the resulting film music took place to great acclaim on the first evening.
The response to this year's film festival was fantastic! At this stage, we would like to once more heartily thank our sponsors, primarily the Media Board of Berlin-Brandenburg, our main sponsor DAIMLER and the foundations and businesses that made the film festival possible.
Next year the Film Festival will take place from the 6th – 9th of September 2018; we're already looking forward to your attendance!
Susanne Suermondt & Tanya Berndsen
and the Festival Team


text:
Sephra 8oz Tabletop Popcorn Maker
List Price: £299.00
CFW Price: £299.00 (Exc. VAT)
Ideal for light commercial use the Sephra 8oz Tabletop Popcorn Maker can produce Popcorn every 3-4 minutes.
Free UK Delivery
Order before 2pm (Mon – Fri) for Same-Day Dispatch.
Ideal for light commercial use. The Sephra 8oz Tabletop Popcorn Maker can produce Popcorn every 3-4 minutes, whilst keeping the popped Popcorn warm on the heater deck. Features of the 8oz Popcorn Maker include a removable Popcorn Kettle, sturdy metal construction, and a removable Popcorn Kernel Tray.
NB. Purchase of the Tabletop Popcorn Maker does not include the cart.
Pieces (1 cartons)
Removable kernel tray for easy cleaning
Certification - CE / GS / ETL / ROHS
Electrical - AC 230V, 50Hz 1000W
Machine Dimensions - (L) 45.5cm x (W) 53cm x (H) 63cm
Box Dimensions - (L) 54cm x (W) 61cm x (H) 71cm
Net Weight - 21.5Kg
1 Year Limited Warranty
Popcorn Cart not included with purchase of Tabletop Popcorn Maker.
Add a review
Related Products


text:
The Gunners have endured season after season of injuries to key players, with Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger taking the brunt of criticism over the way he trains his players.
They have the highest average early season injuries over the previous five seasons, with five players already sidelined this term, including Danny Welbeck (knee), Per Mertesacker (knee) and Olivier Giroud (toe), Aaron Ramsey (hamstring) and Chuba Akpom (back).
And in a bid to hopefully reduce the number of muscle injuries, the club has replaced the grass the players train on.
Paris-based turf technology firm Natural Grass claim their grass, AirFibr, which is made of natural grass, synthetic microfibers and granulated natural cork, can reduce the possibility of injury by 20 to 40 percent.
According to company, the club have been testing the technology in the goalkeeper area for two years before rolling it out across their London Colney pitches.
A statement on the Natural Grass website read: "Arsenal FC has always had a pioneering role in the installation of new turf technologies for its 58-hectare large London Colney training centre. The Colney training centre was built in 1998. It gathers 10 football pitches.
"After testing the technology on the goalkeeper area for nearly two years, the AirFibr technology was installed by grass seeding on the only pitch restored by Arsenal in 2016. Arsenal is the first club of Premier League to equip itself with an AirFibr pitch."
West Ham followed Arsenal's lead in installing the turf while Real Madrid and Lyon already use this technology, and it was also in use at a number of Euro 2016 stadiums in France.


text:
David Garcia's recent calls to overhaul the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency may have been a step too far, and the resistance he has received could be a sign that unapologetic progressivism won't play well in Arizona this election cycle.Read More »
Education divide: Dems Farley, Garcia clash on K-12 education policy
Sen. Steve Farley has finally embraced the campaign to raise taxes on wealthy Arizonans to boost education funding after weeks of taking a wait-and-see approach to the Invest in Education Act.Read More »
Wait on Supreme Court justice nominee sparks speculation on outlawing abortion
The president's choice for a new Supreme Court justice Monday means the ability of Arizona women to terminate a pregnancy likely depends on who is elected governor in November.Read More »
Look back: Did Ducey deliver on major tenets of his 2014 campaign?
Gov. Doug Ducey kicked off his re-election campaign last week, offering up a series of promises. But what happened to the slew of assurances on the campaign trail four years ago?Read More »
Behind the Ballot: Big left turn
David Garcia says he's the same candidate he's always been, but political observers have seen him take a big left turn and embrace a more progressive message than ever before.Read More »
Garcia makes 'dramatic tilt' left in run for governor
In his gubernatorial bid, David Garcia is running to the left of where he was four years ago when, as the more mainstream candidate in the general election, he garnered some Republican support.Read More »
Campaign season officially kicks off – let the games begin
May 30 marked the deadline for candidates to submit petitions to run for legislative, statewide and congressional offices. Unlike in previous election cycles, few legislative races are uncontested.Read More »
The Breakdown, Episode 17: That's a wrap
Another session is in the books, but not without a fuss - or two.Read More »
Ducey flush with cash, outraises 3 Democratic opponents
Gov. Doug Ducey outraised all of his Democratic opponents so far this year and ended the first quarter of 2018 with more than $3 million in cash to spend — nearly 10 times what his leading foe has in the bank.Read More »
Ducey pay plan puts Democrats in catch-22
Democratic lawmakers face a political conundrum: Vote in favor of Ducey's proposed 20 percent teacher pay increase and give the governor a political win or fall back on a campaign promise to increase overall education funding.Read More »