text:
The young women approach tourists in Times Square and pose for photos, wearing nothing but a thong and a feathered headdress, their bare breasts painted with patriotic colors in a thin simulation of a bikini top. Then they ask for a tip.
Are they performance artists?
Are they panhandlers?
And, perhaps most important, can the city move against them without violating their right to free speech?
Those are among the questions the courts may have to answer if Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York pushes ahead with plans to rein in the activities of the women and their handlers, who have come under fire from business leaders and politicians worried they are driving away tourists.
Whatever action the city takes to control the women, it will face legal challenges at every turn. Civil rights lawyers argue the women are bare-breasted panhandlers, and so they are protected, first by two state high-court rulings that made it legal to go topless and to panhandle, and then by the free-speech clauses in the state and federal constitutions.
So complex is the issue that Mr. de Blasio, who has angrily vowed to put a stop to the practice, suggested that one option would be to simply tear out the pedestrian plazas where the women operate.
The mayor held a three hour meeting with police and city officials on how to restrict the women's activities before deciding more study was needed, his aides said. Subsequently, he announced that he had formed a task force of city officials, local politicians and business leaders and asked them to come up with strategies.
"It's complicated, and he wants to get it right," the mayor's spokeswoman said.
At least temporarily, Mr. de Blasio seems to have gotten his wish. Times Square recently was virtually free of the women, who have adopted the label desnudas, or Spanish for naked, and who were apparently lying low after all of the critical attention.
But if the sudden high-level mobilization — even Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, a fellow Democrat, has called for their removal — seems extraordinary for a dozen or so women in body paint, it is partly because their presence stirs up many questions about civil rights, as well as prurience and gender equality.
Some see a double standard at work. While a state law limits the ability of women to work topless, there is no similar law regarding shirtless men. One well-known example of the latter is the Naked Cowboy, who appears in nothing but his underwear, hat and boots (and his guitar), and has become as much a part of Times Square as its giant billboards.
Even some social media sites, perhaps the new public sphere, maintain the same distinction; some users of Instagram, for example, have called on the site to drop its restrictions on pictures of women's nipples.
A 1992 Court of Appeals ruling on the state law said that women could indeed be topless in public, but let stand the prohibition against public female toplessness for commercial purposes. The court also did not settle the issue of whether the law discriminated against women, though some judges believed that it did.
Some legal scholars say that ruling, in a case of seven women who purposely tested a topless ban in a Rochester park, seems to leave a door open for the city to arrest the desnudas for being topless if it could be proven they are engaged in a business. They note the United States Supreme Court has held that limits on nudity at erotic dance clubs are not violations of free speech.
"It sounds like it is commercial," said a First Amendment expert at U.C.L.A. School of Law. "The city could say if you are naked in a public place for a commercial purpose, we are going to apply the law to you."
Holly Van Voast, an artist who was arrested in New York several times for going topless and filming the reaction of passers-by, sued the Police Department and obtained a $40,000 settlement. She said the Court of Appeals should revisit the law and finally settle whether the double standard for men and women in New York is discriminatory.
She also said she did not view the activities of the desnudas as true artistic expression. "It's obviously commercial," she said. "That's not supposed to be right as far as the ruling goes."
City officials, however, say arresting the women for indecency is not an option. That is because they can make a strong argument that they are street performers, exempted by the state law and protected by the First Amendment, the officials said.
Furthermore, the state's highest court also ruled in 1992 that panhandling was a form of protected speech, so unless the women aggressively solicit money, or harass people, they cannot be arrested, the officials said.
"It's their argument that they are artists, or street entertainers, and not just someone hanging around half-naked," said the deputy police commissioner for legal matters. "As long as they are performers exercising their First Amendment rights in a lawful way, it's not a criminal law-enforcement issue that we can address."
Instead, the mayor's new task force will look into limiting the number of desnudas or restricting where and when they can operate. Similar "time, place and manner restrictions" have been placed on street vendors in crowded parks.
"They have First Amendment protections," said Zachary W. Carter, the city's corporation counsel, "but these protections are not without limitations."
Civil rights lawyers argue in response that limiting where the women can ask for tips might still be judged a violation of their free speech. Courts have held that such restrictions cannot discriminate against a group because of its message. But the mayor and other city politicians have said the women's partial nudity is the reason they would be asked to stay out of certain areas, said a civil rights lawyer. "They have already dug themselves a constitutional hole by declaring bare breasts are the problem," he said.
A former director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, said the city would also have a hard time arguing in court that the women were blocking traffic or the entrances of buildings, which are common reasons given for putting limitations on speech. "These women can stand there all day" and have people take their pictures, he said.
The city planning commission chairman and co-chairman, along with Police Commissioner of the new task force, said the group would also consider stepping up police enforcement against desnudas, as well as costumed characters, who cross the line from asking for donations into harassment. Changing the physical layout of the area to alter foot traffic, or making it a city park, where panhandling is not allowed, are also options being considered.
"I do believe it's going to require a blend of approaches," he said.
That enforcement has already begun. The police arrested one guy who works with a team of desnudas, on a warrant for an unrelated harassment charge.
Times Square was largely devoid of the painted women as some said they were avoiding the area for now because of negative press. One 24-year-old desnuda said the city's effort to regulate the desnudas was not only unfair, but also a waste of resources.
"They want to criminalize us when we're not doing anything wrong, and there are bigger problems in the city," she said.
Mayor Bill de Blasio said that he sees the women parading around Times Square covered in little but body paint not as creative artists, but as pushy panhandlers whose efforts to separate tourists from their money should be regulated.
The topless women, known as desnudas, have attracted more scrutiny than usual this summer amid complaints about their aggressive solicitation of payment to pose for pictures. Mr. de Blasio placed them in the same category as the gaggle of costumed characters that have become nearly synonymous with predatory panhandling in and around Times Square.
"It's wrong," Mr. de Blasio said of the topless women's tactics, during a news conference. "We are going to look for every appropriate way to regulate all activity that involves either begging, or asking people for a contribution based on, you know, the opportunity to take a picture, for example." The mayor added, "I don't like the situation in Times Square, and we're going to address it in a very aggressive manner."
Still, Mr. de Blasio acknowledged that reining in the desnudas was complicated by the protections afforded to artistic expression by the First Amendment. "That doesn't mean we can't find legislative and regulatory solutions that still fall within constitutional protections," he said.
The mayor's staff declined to provide any details about what restrictions he is considering, saying that lawyers were still studying the issue. Toplessness is legal in New York; aggressive panhandling is not.
A City Council member whose district includes Times Square, said that he and another councilman, were working on a bill that would limit when and where the desnudas and costumed characters could ply their trade. He said that the model would be the "time, place and manner restrictions" the city has placed on street vendors in crowded areas of certain parks, including Central Park and Union Square Park. Those rules created designated spots for a limited number of sketch artists and other street vendors to set up. He said the goal was not to rid Times Square of the characters and other street hustlers but to rein them in so they do not drive away the throngs of tourists. "People come to Times Square from all over the world because it is a little quirky and slightly chaotic and because there's some allure to that," he said. "But if it becomes unsafe and creepy, that becomes a problem that we have to address."
The proliferation of the costumed characters and topless women has gone beyond being the subject of jokes by late-night comedians to being a frequent source of drama and cause for police intervention, president of the Times Square Alliance, said. He said that a survey of people who work in and around Times Square found that 45 percent of them had either had or witnessed an unpleasant interaction with a costumed character or someone else soliciting payment from tourists. During one week in late June, the alliance counted more than 120 costumed characters and 11 "painted ladies" in the area.
The topless women often accost men as they walk through Times Square, grabbing their arms or rubbing up against them while offering to pose for pictures. The costumed characters — outfitted to resemble Elmo or Minnie Mouse or the Incredible Hulk — have been employing similar tactics for years. They pose with wide-eyed children, then seek payment of $5 or more from their parents, sometimes berating the tourists for not handing over enough money.
One Sunday afternoon, the police arrested a man dressed as Olaf, a character from the movie "Frozen," after a woman complained that he had spurned her offer of $1 and angrily demanded $20. The allegation did not surprise him at all. This is happening thousands of times a week. If I spend 10 minutes in Times Square, I will witness someone being deeply upset. The Commissioner said he often tells tourists who are being harassed by costumed characters that they do not have to pay them, but he said that he tries to avoid confrontations with the people wearing the costumes. He said he had also consoled people who appeared to have been upset by such run-ins. "If you talk to someone after they've just been ripped off, they are crying and embarrassed," he said. "We deserve better in our public places." He said the alliance supported the proposal of regulating the desnudas and costumed characters as businesses. In all the interviews of them he has seen, he said, they have described themselves as workers trying to make a living, rather than artists exercising their constitutional right to express themselves.
Mr. de Blasio put it this way: "Let's face it. The women in Times Square, or the furry creatures in Times Square, are engaged in a business. We believe that that opens the door for us to enforce the way we would any other business. And we will do so, while still respecting constitutional rights."
Desnudas of Times Square, Topless but for the Paint
Mey Ovalles ignored the snickers of gawking boys and the smartphones snapping photos as she clutched her bra to her chest and her bare skin became an opaque shade of blue with white sparkles.
She shielded her nipples until they were cloaked with brush strokes, though her curvy, sun-kissed body — with the exception of a nylon thong — was exposed to hundreds of passers-by in Times Square. She felt naked until she became a canvas of red, white and blue.
This was part of Ms. Ovalles's daily routine as a desnuda, a Spanish word meaning naked that has been embraced by the women who strut around the Times Square pedestrian plaza topless and covered in body paint to pose for photos in exchange for tips.
Ms. Ovalles is one of the newest participants to join the parade of seminude performers contributing to the carnival-like atmosphere amid the sea of tourists. "Oh my God, it's a lot of people who see me naked," Ms. Ovalles, 27, said. "It's too fun. It's totally different."
The earliest sighting of a desnuda seems to date to the summer of 2013, according to posts on social media. But this summer, on any given day, there are at least a dozen young women, primarily Latinas, of all heights and body shapes, strolling through the pedestrian plazas, trying to capitalize on this suggestive performance art.
Ms. Ovalles, who is from Venezuela, had been living in Miami and working as a waitress at a Colombian restaurant when a cousin, Charly Santos, asked if she would like to work with his wife, Paola Peña, in Times Square. He explained the job. Ms. Ovalles was open to the idea but wondered how much money she could make. After Mr. Santos showed her videos of the desnudas on YouTube, she succumbed to the allure of adventure and moved to New York in April.
Her daily income varies, she said, but it averages about $300 — around $100 more than she was making in Miami. She said she gets anywhere from $5 to $20 in tips for each photo.
"I don't do nothing bad because the people like it," Ovalles said. "It's like any other job in another place."
Times Square, of course, is home to a hotbed of performers, an eclectic cast of costumed characters that include superheroes, Disney icons and green Statues of Liberty, all vying for tourists' money. Their proliferation has provoked turf fights and altercations with visitors and the police, in some cases resulting in arrests. Some of them straddle the line between soliciting tips and aggressive panhandling.
The desnudas have carved a conspicuous niche for themselves — a mix of Las Vegas showmanship and New York flair. Their success has even eaten into the business of more established and better-known risqué performers.
"All the people who come to Times Square are looking for the Naked Cowboy, not the naked women," said Patricia Burck, who is married to the Naked Cowboy, whose real name is Robert Burck.
Ms. Burck, 28, and her sister, Elizabeth Cruz, 26, wear bedazzled bikinis and play guitar as the Naked Cowgirls year-round. Ms. Burck said tips drop 50 percent in the summer when the seminude women return to Times Square.
"We have some respect for a lot of people especially because there's kids around," Ms. Burck said. "I'm still shy to be walking in a bikini. I can't imagine being naked."
Putting aside questions of modesty and propriety, the seminude women have the law on their side. The baring of female breasts in public was deemed legal in New York by the state's highest court two decades ago.
Still, the performers have attracted criticism.
The women have been the subject of about four out of every five complaints received by email and on Twitter since June by the Times Square Alliance, a nonprofit that promotes business in the area. Half are from those who say they are offended by the partial nudity, and the other half are from people who say they do not appreciate being touched by the women or claim they were hassled for money, according to a spokeswoman for the alliance. Most of those who complain say they work in Times Square.
"Yesterday two of them came up to me and pressed themselves up against me trying to get me to stop and take a picture," David, whose last name was redacted by the alliance, wrote in an email. "Not only was this uncomfortable, but their body paint rubbed off on my suit. This creates an atmosphere that I do not want to bring my kids around."
Police Commissioner also does not support what the women do, though there is little his officers can do to stop them. "It drives me crazy when at Times Square you see the naked people there covered in body paint as an expression of art," he said in a recent interview with City & State magazine on the subject of questionable street behavior. Yet, he added: "We've researched that top to bottom and we cannot find any law that allows us to interfere with that freedom of expression reflected through art form."
Many others do not object at all to the seminude women: They include men of every age as well as women who applaud the liberation of the female breast and who are fans of body art. Others embrace the painted women who unabashedly bare their bodies as another aspect of unpredictable New York City fun.
"They're naked, but it's still covered," one woman said. "I'm not offended." Her husband added, "We're open-minded people."
Ms. Ovalles insisted that her body was a form of artwork. Nearly every day, Ms. Ovalles, Mr. Santos and Ms. Peña leave their one-bedroom apartment in Queens toting a large drawstring bag stuffed with wedge heels, sandals, paint, feathered headdresses, plenty of water and soft wipes for the start of their 10- to 12-hour day.
As they work, Mr. Santos sits at a table in the center of the plaza to touch up Ms. Peña and Ms. Ovalles as well as keep an eye out for anyone who tries to grope them. Other desnudas' boyfriends, who double as painters, sit together at the table and borrow one another's brushes.
Ms. Ovalles plans to return to Miami in September, when the weather in New York becomes too cool for her. She has also considered returning to her career as a flight attendant, a job she left behind in Caracas, Venezuela.
For now, she is focused on her work here. "You don't have much time," she said. "Just sleep and Times Square."


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Welcome to Cherry Class!
Mrs Cowell and Mrs Lloyd
We hope you have had a wonderful and fun Summer and are excited to
begin your new journey in Year 1 and Year 2!
Autumn Term - Polar Regions
What we will be learning:
English - Stories in familiar settings. Stories involving fantasy. Labels, lists and posters. Information texts, Silly and list poems.
Maths - Place Value, Addition and Subtraction, Shape and Money.
Science - Living things and habitats.
RE- Christianity.
History - Significant indviduals (linked to topic).
Geography - Map work (linked to topic).
Computing - E-Safety and coding.
Art - Silhouettes, pattern work and colour washing.
PE - Movement and ball skills.
PE takes place on Wednesdays and Fridays. Please ensure your child has their PE kit in school and all items are named.
Class Dojos
Cherry Class are trying hard to earn Class Dojos for hard work, excellent behaviour and being a good friend.
Every Friday we will celebrate the child with the most Dojos and they will become King or Queen of the Dojos.
They will also get a lucky dip in Mrs Cowell's prize box!!
Celebrating our work with 'Work of the Week!'
We are all trying our best to get our work up in lights and celebrate our achievements!
Who will it be this week?
Homework will be given out every Friday and should be returned the following Thursday.
Homework will incude at least one piece of maths or literacy work, as well as your child's individual spelling list, which should be practised daily.
Spelling tests will be each Thursday and your child will be told their score.
If you have any worries or concerns regarding your child's homework then please do not hesitate to come and speak to me.

subset: commoncrawl


text: dtran 0 · ID: 1 Posted September 18, 2014 While XPEnology has been working great in bare metal configuration for me so far (DSM 5.0-4493 U5), I'm looking to migrate to a virtual environment, with most probably ESXi, to run other VMs on the same hardware (Intel I3-4150). So do I start from scratch or can I migrate without losing data on the HDD in the bare metal config? Either way I will be doing a backup before hand, but a migration path obviously would be better. BTW, I've looked for guides in this forum but most are starting from scratch. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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- The Matrix 430 is an easy to use, low cost GPS system, ideal for first time users.
- High-contrast, full-colour, 4.3" / 110 mm graphic touchscreen display provides superior visibility in bright light conditions.
- Guidance modes include: Straight AB, Curved AB, Circle Pivot, and Last Pass.
- Return-to-point feature allows operator to easily resume jobs or mark field hazards. Boundary function allows for easy and precise measurement of field area.
- High-quality, internal GPS/GLONASS engine with ClearPath technology that enhances GNSS performance in areas where reception is poor.
- For more information click on the link below:


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If you would like to be notified as soon as this item is made available, please enter your details below.
Product code: QRY005
O'Donnell Moonshine "Roasted Apple" – 20% ABV (alcohol by volume)
Roasted Apple is a smooth and tempting moonshine liqueur, a delectable combination of apples, almond, cinnamon and vanilla blended with our high-proof spirit. These sumptuous flavours are then tied together with a squeeze of lemon added just moments before bottling.
Roasted Apple is our sweetest liqueur and is perfect for all seasons but if you like Christmas cake or Stollen bread – you are in heaven! Being the lightest of our liqueurs, at 20% Roasted Apple is extremely versatile in cocktails and while our recommendations lie with ginger beer or over ice, the truly decadent among us will try it over vanilla ice cream.
For those new to moonshine, it was an illegal grain alcohol distilled during the era of American prohibition, heady days which gave rise to gangsters, bootleggers, loose women and speakeasies. Today O'Donnell Moonshine brings just a hint of a lawless epoch to a new generation, so discover your rebel spirit today! Bottled in traditional American Mason Jars.
You must be over 18 to purchase this product.
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Choose UPGRADED for Next Weekday on parcels - Excludes Saturday & Sunday, Order before midday.
Next day delivery = from £8.99 - £25.00 Calculated at Basket.
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Choose Upgraded Delivery for White Glove Service Furniture Fully assembled - £25.00.
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January orders shipped
A few weeks back flickr sent me an email basically saying that they'd delete my account if I keep posting about my shop/items that I'm selling in my photostream, so now I need to rely on this blog more for shop updates. Sorry for the inconvenience. :/
But yeah, I felt that I should make a small update about my shop because it has taken me longer than I anticipated to finish & ship out all the orders. I do have that two-week shipping schedule as default in the shop just in case, but generally I am able to ship out everything within 2-5 working days. This time the cause for the delay was that I had to go out of town for four days in between and also had other IRL responsibilities when I got back home. I also noticed that there were some quality issues with a few of the items and I wanted to fix those before shipping out everything. I'm really sorry for the delay, I will try to do my best from now on so that there will not be delay like this again. >.<;; But this morning I visited the post office and shipped out all the pending orders - well, except for one because I'll be making a couple of additional items for that one. xD But the buyer has been informed about this. Here's a photo from last night of the items after I'd finished packaging them:
I also seemed to strain my right hand/wrist too much due to this excessive sewing within a few days (and I'm right-handed so). -.-;; Yesterday it hurt like hell since morning, I could barely make a fist with my right hand because it hurt too much. Also, when I pressed the palm of the hand with my thumb, that hurt a lot as well… and my wrist seemed slightly swollen. It was really difficult to grab onto smaller items like a pen or a needle because of the pain. It's a bit better today, although it still hurts. I closed up shop temporarily because of this… but we'll see if I manage to take it easy because I have tons of things that I'd need to sew and I actually have the drive to work on them now. @.@;; Well, at least today I need to take a break because yesterday I did a lot of hand-sewing to finish up everything… I was still sewing around midnight, ahah. x'D
I was running out of business cards, so I ordered some new ones. I always hated the previous ones that I ordered from Goodprint because there wasn't good enough instructions on making them and the texts ended up being really tiny and colours all wrong… now I ordered from Moo cards because they also allowed to order more than one design in one batch. I can't wait to get them! :3 I'll post a review about Moo's service when they arrive~
Once again, I deeply apologise for the delay! m(_ _)m
5 Comments
Aww, the clothes look so cute all neatly packed like that. :3
Thank you for following me in Blogger! I've added a link to your blog to the Spica reads-list on my blog, I hope that's ok? :)
You're welcome! ^^ I'm shy at commenting but I stalk a lot, haha. xD Well, I'm trying to comment more now, it's my goal for this year.
And sure, that's okay! :3
Oh no! Definitely take care of your hands!
I think (or at least I hope!) you'll like Moo, I think they have really great print quality, and the cards have a great feel to them!
I can't wait to get my little package from you either (hahaha, I'm the trouble-maker shipping out later!)… and I'm excited for the box I'm putting together to reach you!
I haven't sewn anything for two days now and my hand feels better… although when I was washing the dishes, I noticed that my wrist didn't like that much. >.>;; I guess that sort of round movement while holding the uhh… dish washing brush? xD isn't okay either… but I can't exactly not wash the dishes either. If it doesn't get better soon, I probably need to go see a doctor about it. >.>;;
Oh my! xD You're too sweet, haha~ ♥ I hope that I can continue sewing soon so that I'll get your items sent out as well!
No worries, make sure you're healed first!


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The Root Cause of Poverty
Keynote speaker Matthew Desmond points to the lack of affordable housing as one of the most morally urgent issues in America.
In Service to Milwaukee
Hundreds of volunteers immerse themselves in justice opportunities that give back to our host community.
Liberation through Love
One of three theological reflectors shares her impression of spirituality sparked at General Synod. It involves the transformative power of love.
Give to the Annual Fund
Today's gifts support United Church of Christ mission across the country and around the globe.
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text: Students are offered a 3-tiered track of acting techniques that cover a wide range of topics. Acting 1 lays the foundation of a Stanislavski based acting technique with a focus on developing a personal methodology for approaching a role. Acting 2 classes explore physical and vocal techniques of creating a character through "topics" courses like Stage Combat, "Improv" Comedy, and Voice & Movement. In the third tier students receive advanced training in specialized acting techniques. Examples of Advanced Acting courses include Meisner Workshop, Devised Theatre, Shakespeare/Verse, and Musical Theatre.


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Displaying 1 to 3 of 3Search Help
Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program.
DOC. NOAA. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region.
University of Kentucky. Kentucky Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey.
The more people we have looking for invasive pests, the better our chances are to prevent establishment of the pest in Kentucky. If you see a pest (insect, invertebrate, plant disease) that could be one of the exotics featured on this website, let us know!


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Gondola Shelving
Gondola Shelving
- We offer Gondola Shelving in two Sizes.
- Gondola shelving's flexibility, durability, and high weight-bearing threshold make it the perfect addition to any retail outlet.
- Single Sided Gondolas and Double Sided Gondolas are all in stock for immediate delivery.
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- These strong, high-quality gondola shelving units easily adjust to fit your merchandise and your space.
- Our durable steel gondola shelving is perfect for those areas requiring a heavy-duty shelving system.


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Monique Sarkessian - "Glory ~ New Paintings"
Philadelphia artist, Monique Sarkessian earned her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in painting at Temple University's Tyler School of Art in 1987. Continuing studies included 18th Century European furniture painting, art education, and traditional icon painting with a Russian master iconographer. Monique creates vibrant oil and encaustic wax paintings that express the joy found in finding the divine in everyday life.
Opening Reception to Meet the Artist - Friday, October 4, 5 – 8 PM. Gallery Hours: 9 – 5 Monday – Friday; 10 – 3 Saturday
Celebrating 40 Years in Business 1979 – 2019
Date & Time
Weekly on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday
Oct 04, 2019 through Oct 26, 2019
The Station Gallery - Greenville, DE 3922 Kennett Pike Greenville 19807 DE US http://www.ghlifemagazine.com/businesses/de-greenville-the-station-gallery
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Canadian Assistance in Land Resources Mapping
Buddhi Narayan Shrestha
Border Researcher and
Madan Puraskar Winner
Canada is 10,576 nautical kilometre far from Nepal. And Canada is 67 times larger than Nepal in area. But in the case of population, Canada has only 35 per cent more people than Nepal. The highest point in Canada is the Mount Logan that bears 5959 metre and Nepal has the Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) 8848 m highest peak in the world. However, both the countries have very good relationship. Nepal-Canada diplomatic relation was established on 18 January 1965. Canada has provided grant assistance to Nepal for the formulation and implementation of various projects, and Land Resources Mapping Project (LRMP) is one of them.
The LRMP was a project to produce an exact and accurate inventory and analysis of the land resources, present landuse and land capability of Nepal as a basis of rational development planning at the national, regional and local level. It was a program designed to assist the development process. It has provided basic resources use and capability information on the land resources of Nepal, in a detailed and comprehensive nature. As such, the maps, data and information have been used in the planning and implementation for overall economic development of Nepal.
As everybody knows that land is the major resources of Nepal. However, Nepal has the potentiality of roughly 83,000 MW hydro-electric power resources, second to Brazil in the world. But only 680 megawatt of the power potentiality has been harnessed till this date. On the other side, more than 50 percent of the total land resources has been utilized by the Nepali farmers. The economy of Nepal is based almost on agriculture. Nearly 75 percent of the total population derives its main form of livelihood from the land and they are engaged in agriculture and agricultural activities. But Nepali farmers have not used their lands according to the capability of the land (soil), pattern of the land use and suitability of the crops. If the land would have been utilized by the farmers according to its potentiality, capability and suitability; it could boost the agricultural production. As a result, per capita income of the Nepali farmers could be increased and the GDP of the nation would go up. For this, it is necessary to have knowledge how to manage the resources of the land appropriately; on which land what type of crop would be more suitable and productive in the particular season of the year. All these information with data have been generated in various types of land resources maps which were prepared with the help of Canada government.
The LRMP, a joint project of Nepal Government and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), was established in 1978. The project was designed and implemented to provide basic, consistent, country wide data for land resources policy and planning in Nepal. Studies were carried out from 1980 through to 1985 and were based on aerial photography taken in 1978 and 1979, that completed a land resources survey covering all of Nepal. The project produced land use maps, land system maps and land capability maps at a scale of 1:50,000 with the data. The maps and accompanying data for all of Nepal were completed by the end of 1985 and reports were published and handed over to Nepal Government in 1986.
A comprehensive and uniform basic data have been generated by land resources maps. Data and information generated by these maps have been served as a fundamental basis for project management, administration and planning on a national, regional, district and local level. Potential areas for agriculture, irrigation, forestry have been delineated to estimate the forest plantation areas, to estimate the fertilizer requirements for various areas, to calculate livestock fodder requirements proportioning agricultural and forest sources and so on. As a matter of fact, land resources maps and data have presented the real pictures of the degree of slope of land, depth of soil mentioning the actual capability of the land. All these information have been very useful for the development of agriculture and agro-based industries.
The main components of the LRMP were specially three major mapping series focused on land utilization, land capability and land system (soil). All the mapping series were based upon the interpretation of 1;50,000 aerial photographs supported by extensive field checking and sampling.
Land Utilization Map
The land utilization maps have computed the land use such as agricultural and non agricultural land, grazing and fallow land, forestry land and lands covered by rocks and boulders and perpetual snow. The cultivated agricultural lands are categorized and sub-divided into Tarai cultivation, hill slope cultivation and valley cultivation (valley floor, Taar, alluvial fans and lower foot-hill slopes). By using the land use map, one can find specially the wheat, paddy, maize lands showing the coverage of land under certain particular crop in a particular season.
Land utilization map series has defined the then current use and condition of the land; whether it is under forest, used for grazing or for crop production. In other words these maps have covered both agricultural and forestry landuse. It is commendable that land utilization mapping provided the first detailed statistics for current landuse in Nepal. This land use survey was supported by an extensive farmer survey, which was correlated with the cropping systems. In order to optimize the benefits from agricultural landuse and development of the land and water resources with minimum damage to the ecology, LRMP had made a comprehensive survey of the resources of the country and their present conditions and utilization.
Land Capability Map
The land capability maps have presented the degree of slope of land, nature of soil, temperature and moisture conditions which are of special significance for determining the appropriate land uses in a particular area of the district. These maps have also provided information regarding suitability of lands for irrigation agriculture.
Land capability mapping was based on the land features, in conjunction with climotological aspect, which describe the basic potential and constraints for land use in various parts of the country. Land had been evaluated for other uses including perennial cropping, fuel and fodder production, timber extraction, grazing and watershed protection. Land capability classification is qualitative, based mainly on the physical productive potential of the land. In the context of the capability, lands have been divided into seven different classes.
Land System Map
The land system map has provided a mythology for describing detailed information regarding land forms (soil), its texture, feature and the nature of the terrain. Land forms have been differentiated on the basis of patterns of physical structure, geological materials, slope and arable agricultural limits. Seventeen different types of land forms have been detected under the land system of Nepal.
Extensive studies were made to identify forestry and nursery, potential forest and plantation yields, irrigation potentiality leading to basin water requirements, estimated fertilizer requirement, predict the availability of rice straw for a paper mill, calculate the value lost through agricultural disruption caused by domestic water supply canals, predict food shortage and judge the potential effectiveness of food for work programs.
During the project implementation Nepal is divided into five Physiographic Reasons, according to its natural construction, ranging from the low lying sub-tropical Tarai, through the Siwalik to the snow covered High Himal as follows:
S.N. Physiographic Regions, Per Cent, Height in Metre
1. High Himal = 23 percent, 4000 – 8848 Metre
2. High Mountain = 20 percent, 2200 – 4000 Metre
3. Middle Mountain = 30 percent, 800 – 2400 Metre
4. Siwalik Low Hill = 13 percent, 200 – 1500 Metre
5. Tarai plain = 14 percent, 60 – 330 Metre
Total = 100 percent
Categorization of land
Land Resources Mapping Project (LRMP) had adopted the categorization of land use as follows:
• Cultivated lands: All lands under agricultural practices.
• Non- cultivated inclusions: These are small pockets of land close to cultivated lands; too small to be mapped at a scale of 1:50,000. Although these pockets are not mapped separately from cultivated areas, there are nevertheless measured as a distinct land use category. They may contain barren areas, trees, shrubs, or grass.
• Grazing (grass lands): Large flat lands covered by grasses with the minimal number of other vegetation.
• Forested lands: It must have at least 10% crown cover but small pockets of plantation and burned areas are also included.
• Other lands: All land areas not included in other categories and may include rocky areas, lakes, ponds, waterways or settlements.
According to above mentioned categorization, data on basic land use categories as a whole of
Nepal have been computed and established as following land use categories:
S.N. Types of uses, Per Cent
1. Cultivated Land (agricultural crops) 21
2. Non-cultivated (fallow) Land 7
3. Grazing (grass land) Area 12
4. Forest and Shrub Area 42
5. Rocks, ice, water bodies, settlements and others 18
Total = 100
Computation of total area of Nepal
After the completion of the project, the total land area of Nepal was computed for the first time more scientifically. Before the LRMP various ministries, departments and organization of Nepal and international agencies had been mentioning the total area of Nepal differently. On the basis of LRMP data, the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) somehow adjusted and enunciated as the total land area of Nepal as 147,181 square kilometer. And this is followed by all and now it is established nationwide. Determination of the total area of Nepal was one of the major works of LRMP.
The total area of Nepal was calculated scientifically by planimetering the 266 map sheets and data using the international boundaries supplied by the government of Nepal. Area on map series had been measured, using compensating polar planimeters, an accuracy of ± 2 percent. The actual area measurements were carried out on ozalid copies of the maps. Each unit area was circumscribed a minimum of twice to ensure the required precision. The calculations applied to the planimetry data were rigorously checked, and the area totals of each sheet were verified as being within the acceptable limits.
LRMP data users
The value of the basic data for a wide range of uses was; as expected, recognized by different users. It is interesting to note that the maps and data prepared by the LRMP have been used by not only Nepal government organizations; but also by international organizations such as FAO, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, ADB, NGOs, INGOs and researchers; as the basic data on land and its information.
Ministry of Land Reform and Management (MoLRM) has established a National Land Use Project. They have used basically the LRMP data. However, they are preparing large scale land use maps and rather much more detailed land use database with the help of satellite images adopting the GIS technique with the help of basic data, information and maps prepared by LRMP.
MoLRM, with the consultation of Planning Commission has published the National 'Land Use Policy' of Nepal in 2012 on the basis of LRMP reports and data. The policy has been guided by the reports prepared by the LRMP. Now the government has classified the whole land of Nepal into six different types of land use areas as agricultural area, settlement (residential), professional business, forest and public use areas.
Last item
The maps and data had been generated in the manual format by LRMP. At the same time most of the reports were manual. This is one of the hindrances of the project. If it had been established in GIS database and maps produced in digital form, it would have been more valuable and user friendly that could be updated by the stakeholders.
It is because that the manually prepared reports and data sheets are out of available in the market. At that time limited copies of the paper copy reports had been prepared and it is now out of stock. Now the users have to find out the person who have this report and it should have to make photo copies which is cumbersome. However, some maps of the remote areas where there are no development activities are available in map sell depot of the market.
The next issue is the scale of maps- as it is small scale on 1:50,000. As a matter of fact, the maps of the Tarai plain areas and valley areas; where there are much development activities and faster changes of land use such as Pokhara, Chitawan, Kathmandu valley; should have at least on the scale 1:25,000 or still on larger form in the metropolitan areas. To meet all these needs, now it is a felt need to formulate a project to make up-to-date all the maps in the digital format and to establish the data and information in the form of GIS database. It is because of the fact that in 1979 the agricultural land including forest and shrubs were computed as 81 percent and the built-up area was 13 percent. But in 2008, the agricultural land has been decreased to 58 per cent and built-up area (settlement) has been increased at a faster rate as 37 per cent. Forest cover area has been decreased from 42 per cent to 37 per cent. This is due to deforestation by the local adjacent inhabitants and also during Maoists insurgency period.
1 National Sample Census of Agriculture-2011/12 (December 2013), Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu:6
2 Land Resources Mapping Project Nepal (October 1984), Kenting Earth Sciences Limited, Kathmandu:1
3 Summary Report (1986), Land Resources Mapping Project, Kenting Earth Sciences Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal:33
4 Summary Report (1986), Land Resources Mapping Project, Kenting Earth Sciences Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal:5
5 Economics Report(1986), Land Resources Mapping Project, Kenting Earth Sciences Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal: List of Table
6 A Summary of the LRMP Results (March 1986), Ministry of Water Resources, Water and Energy Commission, Kathmandu:1 and 27
7 Summary Report (1986), Land Resources Mapping Project, Kenting Earth Sciences Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal:40
Filed under: Blogroll, Uncategorized | Tagged: area of Nepal, land capability, land system, land utilization, no digital, no updating |


text: Wisconsin Teen Who 'Could Barely Walk' Preps for Miami Marathon By Liza Weimer, Chabad.org News | November 9, 2016 Three years ago, Nathan Bojan was diagnosed with a condition called Tarsal Coalition, which made walking sheer agony; he's been undergoing surgeries ever since. Recovering slowly, he is preparing to walk a half-marathon in January to raise money for Milwaukee's Friendship Circle, which has been a steadfast support system for the 16-year-old and his family. Imagine being 13 years old, in eighth grade, and every step you took brought intense pain. That was Nathan Bojan's life. A trip to an orthopedist and the Bojans had an answer: Nathan had a condition called Tarsal Coalition—the abnormal connection of two bones in the foot. Where people normally have tissue between bone, Nathan had none. Each step was agony. Soon after the diagnosis, Nathan had his first surgery, but it did not resolve the problem. Over the course of the next few years, he underwent a total of six operations, each with varying recovery schedules, all of which involved getting around on a scooter, hours of physical therapy and plenty of time off his feet. " "Smiling is contagious," says the teenager. "I always appreciate when someone walks up to me with a smile that lights up the room." At one point, he almost died. After a trip to Israel this past summer, he developed a blood blister on his right ankle that turned into cellulitis and a strep infection where a screw had been surgically implanted—an infection so serious it could have killed him. Fortunately, he fully recovered, though spent his birthday in August in the hospital. Throughout Nathan's ordeal, Friendship Circle of Wisconsin—a division of Lubavitch of Wisconsin—served as a staunch support system. Volunteers visited the hospital, bringing food and reading material, and helped with whatever needs the family required. For their part, the Bojans—including Nathan's father, Steve; his mother, Shawn; and his sister, Leigh—say they are tremendously grateful for the love and attention showered upon them. And now Nathan, 16, wants to give back. 'Reach Every Person' In January, he and his mother will travel to Florida to participate in a half-marathon—that's 13.1 miles—to raise money for Milwaukee's Friendship Circle. It's particularly meaningful since walking has been one of the most difficult challenges Nathan has faced in his young years. He will walk, however, slowly, with his mom by his side. "Raising money for Friendship Circle is extremely important to me," he says. "I want to see our Milwaukee group grow. It needs to reach every person who could benefit from it. I want to be a part of that." This desire to pay it forward did not start with Nathan's medical tribulations. When he was in fourth grade, Nathan was assigned as the Friendship Circle "buddy" of two high school seniors, Jack and Jacob, so he could improve certain social and physical skills. They visited with him every Sunday, taught him to play basketball, took him bowling and just hung out with him. It was the day of the week Nathan looked forward to the most. As his mother recalls: "G‑d forbid, we had to cancel a Sunday with Jack and Jacob. Nathan would get very upset." Prompted by the positive experience, Nathan wanted to do for others. In sixth grade, he joined the drum circle and a music program called "Chai Notes," saying he liked to make other people smile. "Smiling is contagious," says the teenager. "I always appreciate when someone walks up to me with a smile that lights up the room." "What I love about Friendship Circle," continues Nathan, "is that it's so much more than getting together with people with special needs. It's providing a comfortable place to have all people interact together and develop tight-knit bonds." Rabbi Levi Stein, director of Friendship Circle of Wisconsin, says: "I find tremendous inspiration whenever teens take time out of their busy schedules to volunteer for an important cause. It's action like Nathan's that makes me so grateful to do this work." To pledge on behalf of Nathan Bojan, click here. Click here to read online


text: Choose the Best Real Estate School Los Angeles with Century 21 Action School. Get the Most Professional Real Estate Training Orange County Only at Action School. Action School Video Intro. Build your name. Build trust and bond in the property sector. Real Estate school to train for it. Real Estate School Long Beach trains the agents to find the best property in the market. Investors As Real Estate Agents: The Benefits of Being a Realtor. Learning School - actionschool.com. Learn To Be a Real Estate Agent from Action School. Best Place To Make Career In Real Estate.


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Dal Tadka — One of the most popular lentil dish made using spilt pigeon peas or toor dal. The tempering (tadka) of a generous amount of ghee combined with spices and red chillies gives the dal a distinct flavour and aroma. Dal Tadka and jeera rice make a stunning combination. You must try it once!
Dal is a staple of the Indian cuisine. An authentic Indian meal would be incomplete without our humble dal. Among the various types of dal prepared in India, Dal Tadka is one of the absolute favourites. It is always in demand in North Indian restaurants and dhabas.
I make dal tadka at home during some special occasion or when I have guests over at lunch or dinner. The dal can be made using only split pigeon peas (toor dal) or a mixture of different lentils, such as split chickpeas (chana dal), yellow lentils (moong dal) or red split lentils (masoor dal). I made dal tadka by cooking split pigeon peas with onion, tomato, green chillies, coriander leaves, ginger and garlic, along with some spices. Then, I prepared a tempering (tadka) with a good amount of ghee, dried red chillies, and spices and poured it over the cooked dal.


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Colfax man arrested on drug charges
A Colfax man was arrested on drug charges after he tried to dispose of a case of meth as he was being taken into custody on outstanding warrants.
According to a release, after locating 28-year-old Colfax resident Crutis Havis, who was wanted on four warrants, officers with the Grant Parish Sheriff's Office saw him throw a black case into a ditch. As he was being taken into custody, officers asked Havis what was in the case, to which he responded "meth."
The deputies found the case and discovered a smoking pipe and methamphetamine in it, the release states.
He was subsequently charged with possession of methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia.
Read or Share this story: https://www.thetowntalk.com/story/news/local/2019/04/05/colfax-man-arrested-drug-charges/3378117002/


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Mindfulness in English
Mindfulness in English
Do you find it a challenge to find your balance amid all the hustle and bustle? Do you want more relaxation, energy and enjoy life more? Mindfulness is particularly suitable for all sorts of stress related complaints, but also when you want to be in a more conscious, attentive and open way in life.
In the MBSR mindfulness training you learn to be present in the here-and-now, to relax easier and to respond challenges in a more conscious way. Praesence Mindfulness offers English spoken mindfulness. On this page you find more information about mindfulness and the mindfulnesstraining.
Mindfulness is effective for
Burn out
Depression and gloom
Concentration problems
Stress symptoms
Pain related complaints
Anxiety and PTSD (post traumatic stress)
Auto Pilot
Much of what we do in our lives goes automatically. When you have been in the car for a while you may suddenly notice that you have not seen anything of the environment. Or you are talking to someone while you are not really listening to the other person. Mindfulness calls this unconscious behavior the autopilot. This 'autopilot' can be very useful when performing routine tasks, but the big disadvantage is that we also miss a lot. For example, the contact with our wishes and needs and the beauty of the world around us. In addition, we are less able to listen to our body and our stress signals.
Mindful attention
You could say that we are constantly doing in autopilot. We are either going backwards or fowards. Always doing, and in general, we find it difficult to do nothing and sit still. Mindfulness is similar to learning to use the 'neutral position', an attitude of not doing. A lot of tension and stress arises because we always do, constantly respond to everything that comes in our way, and we forget to use this neutral position more often.
Mindfulness means that you are more aware of your experiences in the moment. When you can look at your thoughts and emotions with a little more distance, you are able to release them more. This creates inner peace and relaxation. Mindfulness also teaches you to listen better to the signals from your body. As a result, you will better recognize your own boundaries and stress and you will be able to deal with stress and the challenges you meet in a more conscious way.
MBSR Mindfulness training
MBSR stands for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction. The training consists of 8 different sessions. The mindfulness training contains a combination of experiential exercises and doing home assignments. Some of the theme's that will be discussed in the mindfulnesstraining are:
- Recognizing the automatic pilot.
- Getting to know your borders.
- Effectively deal with stress and stress symptoms.
- Acceptance and effectively dealing with difficult emotions and thoughts.
- The application of mindfulness in daily life.
If you learn something during the training, you can start working with it right away at home. You will receive practical exercises after each session. Practicing at home is an important part of mindfulness training. It takes time to learn the mindfulness-skill, but you are supported with a reader and you get sound files with exercises. Trainer Remy van Gelder is available when needed.
When is mindfulness not suitable?
Mindfulness is not a replacement for therapy. When you are dealing with psychosis, serious psychological problems or addiction, a mindfulness training is not recommended.
And if you do not have time to practice daily, for example because of too much change or hectic in your life, it is better to wait a bit longer with participation in training. If you suffer from psychological problems and you are in therapy, it is always advisable to consult with your therapist about whether participation in a training is useful.
Trainer and training
I am a certified mindfulness MBSR trainer and recognized in the highest category by the VMBN (the professional association for mindfulness trainers). I have a lot of experience with the MBSR Mindfulnesstraining for groups and individuals but also with the application of mindfulness at the workplace.
When you are interested in a group- or an individual training you can contact me. Group trainings will start when there is sufficient interest. Individual trainings can always be flexibly planned at a time that suits you. Contact Remy van Gelder via the form below or call 06 47062706 for the possibilities.


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Nowadays, everything seems to move faster, thanks to technology development. This is including the process of getting to know a person. With the more application to sending messages, texting a girl is easier and could be done faster. You will also know when she is last seen online plus the emojis or sticker you could use to make the conversation more lively and fun. However, the anxiety and stressful feelings whenever your crush not replying your text are getting worse because you know, you could see that she is online but she chooses to ignore your text.
It is not healthy to make an assumption based on something you don't fully understand. Whenever you are in the process of getting to know a girl, make her come to you instead keep pursuing like a desperate man. Make sure you send a message to her when she is not with her friends. Ask questions casually and openly and make her ask more questions either challenge you, or the things you like. Like "How was the concert last night?" Show your interest sincerely. This makes her more curious about you, making her, even more, questioning so she wants to come to see you and increase the chance of a date.
To succeed, you can send a short message without sounding pushy. Make yourself look like someone who is not ordinary so that she will come back to think about you. If in a meeting, make her feel comfortable with you, special for her, make her feel comfortable chatting with you. But be careful not to increase her ego. Someone will never say out loud that she loves praise, but actually, she likes praise. The more you make her wonder and confused what makes her think of you, the more she will think of you. If she already feels comfortable with you, at that time dare yourself to express your feelings do not be afraid of being rejected. If rejected be wise, means she does not deserve to have you.


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Dear MLC Students,
We are going to practice expressing concerns for someone. Sentence of the Day for Thursday 29/9/2016 is:
Expressing concerns for someone
A: Why weren't you at school yesterday?
B: I wasn't really feeling well.
A: What was wrong with you?
B: My stomach was upset.
A: Do you feel better now?
B: I don't really feel too well yet.
A: Do you want anything to make you feel better?
B: No, thanks. I already took some medicine.
A: I hope you feel better.
B: Thank you.
Practice and use these sentences as often as you can until you are able to speak them automatically. The secret is still that you have to open your mouth and speak the language. To develop your cross culture communication abilities, mastering multiple languages is crucial. Actively participating in the language table will help you learn and practice more languages. So join the language table and practice the designated language (now is English) everyday.
Also remember to keep your cool manner: Greet people with smile and say when you meet at the meal table, or in MLC at any floor and anywhere:
Hello! How are you today! How are you doing today!
Good morning! Good evening! Good afternoon! Good night! Have a good day!
Have a good day!
Master Xu
P.S., To be ready for the High Table Dinner on 11/10/16, you want to join the Etiquette Workshop conducted by Dr. Chan, the Associate Master of MLC in the Dining Hall of W33, tomorrow Thursday 29/9/16 at 8:00pm. Learn the Etiquette at MLC and the table manners before you join the High Table Dinner.


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Cradles to Crayons, A Massachusetts Nonprofit Battling Childhood Poverty, Builds New Facility in Newton With Help From MassDevelopment
February 28, 2019
Kelsey Schiller, MassDevelopment, 617-330-2011 & 617-694-9695 (cell)
Karen Grant, Cradles to Crayons, 617-402-2264 & 617-594-1552 (cell)
MassDevelopment has issued a $4.4 million tax-exempt bond on behalf of Cradles to Crayons, Inc., a nonprofit that provides children living in homelessness and low-income households with clothing, school supplies, safety equipment, books, and toys. The organization, which currently leases a facility in Brighton, will use bond proceeds to buy, renovate, and equip an approximately 37,500-square-foot building in Newton. The new building will feature offices and a warehouse, also known as the "Giving Factory," where volunteers can sort and assemble donated items before they are distributed to children in need. First Republic Bank purchased the bond.
"Cradles to Crayons ensures children have access to everyday essentials, and we are proud to support the organization as it builds a permanent home in Newton," said MassDevelopment President and CEO Lauren Liss. "Cradles to Crayons is one of countless nonprofits in Massachusetts using our tax-exempt financing to build new facilities, expand services, and better serve their community."
Founded in Boston in 2002, Cradles to Crayons provides children from birth through age 12 with basic necessities that are essential to their health, education, and well-being. New and nearly new children's items are collected through grassroots community drives and corporate donations, processed and packaged by volunteers, and then distributed to children through the organization's collaborative network of diverse service partners. Cradles to Crayons has expanded and now operates throughout Massachusetts, as well as in the greater Philadelphia and Chicago regions. Since its founding, Cradles to Crayons has served nearly one million children in Massachusetts and expects to reach an additional 145,000 children by the end of its fiscal year.
"We are thrilled for MassDevelopment's support that will put us a major step closer toward building our Forever Home," said Cradles to Crayons Founder and CEO Lynn Margherio. "This helps to ensure that Cradles to Crayons will continue to have as a permanent resource in our community for boys and girls who need the services we provide."
MassDevelopment, the state's finance and development agency, works with businesses, nonprofits, financial institutions, and communities to stimulate economic growth across the Commonwealth. During FY2018, MassDevelopment financed or managed 384 projects generating investment of more than $4.1 billion in the Massachusetts economy. These projects are estimated to create or support 10,994 jobs and build or rehabilitate 830 housing units.


text: 07Dec2018 0 Field Trip to Innovative Film CityEvery Minute they enjoyed as Super Minute…………. Hurray !!!! Filed Trip is a part of the curriculum. Our ANPS don't miss that. This year our children have visited Innovative Film City, enjoyed the trip with fun and games……………………. Hurray !!!!! ADitYA Latest Events


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By Emily Rasmussen
After years of San Juan Capistrano's beloved Chili Cook Off event being absent, the savory, taste-bud craving event is making a comeback on Saturday, May 5.
The 2018 Swallow's Inn Chili Cook Off is presented by the Swallow's Inn and the San Juan Capistrano Equestrian Coalition (SJCEC), with a mix of old and new coming to the event. One of the biggest changes is that this year's Chili Cook Off will be more of a family-friendly event than previously; but most of the same elements will be there.
"It's held outside and kind of like a festival atmosphere; there will be booths, music playing, vendors selling items, chili tastings and a beer truck," said Susan Gregory, co-chair of the Chili Cook Off. "We're trying to make it family friendly so all ages are welcome; people can dance and we have two bands playing."
The newest addition to the event is the SJCEC involvement.
"The newest thing is that the (SJCEC), so we'll bring a little bit different feeling with the equestrian community," Gregory said.
This will be Gregory's first time organizing the event, but she does remember the Cook Off from before.
"I used to go every year, it was always a big event so we anticipate it being very popular again," she said. "It's a day of family fun with good food, good music and a great location."
The Chili Cook Off is sanctioned by the International Chili Society, so there are some rules that will need to be followed for competitors in the chili contests to go onto final rounds, Gregory added.
"We have a whole set of rules to follow such as the size of the tasting cups, how the judges score; it's all pretty involved," she said.
The chili contest categories will feature: red, homestyle, verde and people's choice.
Some local community organizations will be competing, including the local Rotary Club, individual citizens and people from all over, Gregory said.
"Be ready to taste some awesome chili because it's very serious, some people take it pretty seriously. They're hoping to win and move on (to other competitions)," she added.
The last day to enter into the competition is Thursday, May 3. Interested chefs can enter by emailing Gregory at firstname.lastname@example.com.
In addition to chili tasting, there will also be a beer truck, live music by Family Style & Jann Browne, opportunity drawings and other vendors. Gregory estimates 3,000 will attend, compared to some 5,000 in previous years.
The Chili Cook Off runs from noon to 5 p.m. Gates open at noon with $5 admission, but kids under 5 eat free. The event is at the Swallow's Inn, at 31786 Camino Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano. For more information, contact Susan Gregory at 888.465.4950.


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Hi all -
Was hoping to get some help finding a video. It's an older Andrea Neal vid. She starts on a stool in a black latex jumper of sorts w/a zipper down the front, hands chained behind, legs chained. A guy comes in, collars and gags her, then pulls her over to a spreader bar. Chains her hands to it, then takes off what little clothing she has.
I've found it on a few shady streaming clip sites, but I want to purchase / download a real, legit copy. Anyone know what studio made this, or where I'd be able to find it.


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Regular price
Berry Hawaiian is a mix of Jamaican Me Crazy's irresistible blend of coconut, pineapple, rum, tangerine, banana, and melon-y sweetness and Goji Berry to make an exotic mixture that sends sweet notes through your home.
This fragrance oil is infused with natural essential oils, including grapefruit and orange oil.
Burn Times:
(Keep your wick trimmed to 1/4", burn for 1-4 hours and away from a fan for best results)
4oz- 10-15 hours
8oz- 25-30 hours
16oz- 60-90 hours


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This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
The X9 Evolution 500 satisfies all needs. Agile, easy to handle and the most compact of all maxi scooters. Once out of town, it's able to shift character and open up to wide open spaces with remarkable ease. The X9 Evolution 500 offers a level of superior technology and total comfort, and is richly endowed with special features and accessories.


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Get out of debt (the right way):
- If you have revolving credit card debt, ditch the rewards credit cards. They charge higher interest rates and higher fees than other cards, so you're better off with a basic, no annual fee, low APR credit card, or even moving your debt to a balance transfer credit card that will allow you to avoid interest for 18 months or more.
- Vow to pay more than your minimum payment each month. Those minimum payments are specifically calculated to keep you in debt as long as possible, so the more you can pay now, the less you will pay later in accumulated interest. Auto-pay is the best way to do this, or to really be hands-off about it, have part of your paycheck direct deposited into an account for which you don't have an ATM card. Then use that account only for credit card payments.
- Or better yet, pay the whole darn thing off! Confusing "credit" with "credit cards" can spell trouble. Just because you have plastic doesn't mean you have to have debt. If it helps you stay disciplined and spend below your means, tell the credit card company to lower your credit limit. It will negatively impact your credit score at first, but if it allows you to pay your bills off, then it will save your money and your credit score down the line.
- Find yourself coming up just a little too short each month to pay your whole balance? Just leave your cards at home. They're great conveniences for online purchases and such, but you don't have to use them for every purchase.
- If none of these tips have worked for you in the past, maybe it's time to cut the card. Debit cards force you to keep your spending in check, especially if you don't opt in to overdraft "protection" (which you shouldn't!). Some companies, like PerkStreet Financial, even offer debit cards that pay cash back rewards, so you can still get some of the benefits of credit cards.
Not in debt? Time to optimize your rewards:
- Many people go with the first 1% cash back rewards card that their bank pitches them, but there are too many cards out there that are a lot more lucrative. Use a credit card rewards search site like ours to find the one that's perfect for your spending habits.
- The new world will be all about sly credit card companies increasing signing bonuses to win your business, but then watering down their rewards programs with higher annual fees, lower reward caps, and shorter expiration periods. So make sure you understand all the terms and do the math before you sign on the dotted line (all of which NerdWallet does for you).
- Consider a travel rewards card, since many these days offer enough bonus miles upfront for a free international flight, or free hotel nights. Make 2011 the year you finally see the Eiffel Tower, or the ruins of Machu Picchu, and make your credit card pay for it!
Advice for every year:
- Check your credit report quarterly, and make sure there are no errors. Errors can hurt your credit score, make it impossible to get a mortgage, or even hurt your chances of getting the job you want.
- Now may be the year you also want to start reading all those long, dry documents your credit card company sends you all the time. Even in the post-CARD Act world, your issuer can raise your interest rates and fees, but they have to give you 45 days' notice. So if you catch them in the act, you have more than enough time to find a new card.


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When it comes to providing radiators and radiator covers for Special Educational Needs schools, catering to students' safety requirements is our first priority. We recognise that SEN schools are environments in which health and wellbeing are of utmost importance, and that safe radiators are vital in the minimisation of injury risks.
The Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974) requires schools to ensure the absolute safety of all special needs students, preventing exposure to avoidable risks. Contour has developed a range of DeepClean anti-ligature radiators and radiator covers which reduce tamper and ligature opportunities, enabling SEN schools to implement heating safety measures.
So, what are the features of Contour's anti-ligature range for SEN schools?
All of our anti-ligature grilles have been tested by a UKAS accredited laboratory and exceed IP3x standards (BS EN 60529). The tests confirm that Contour grilles are protected against the ingress of items with a diameter greater than 2.5mm. This means that pencils, pens and similar items cannot be inserted into Contour anti-ligature radiator covers, and that the grilles are tamper and ligature proof.
You can access our datasheets for DeepClean IP3X compliant anti-ligature radiators here.
Contour grilles are designed for maximum safety in cases of accidents or self-inflicted injury in SEN schools; our anti-ligature radiators and radiator covers have been successfully implemented across many SEN environments.
Access and Anti-ligature
In SEN environments, it's essential that any access points to radiator interiors that could lead to injury are blocked, and that there are no potential ligature points on radiators or covers.
Contour avoid unauthorised access to radiators and radiator covers, as well as potential ligature points, in the following ways:
- The DeepClean anti-ligature range includes internal fixings instead of external fittings that could provide ligature points, also preventing tampering opportunities.
- Secure base plates are attached to the underside of radiators to prevent access to radiators.
- External anti-ligature TRV kits can be fitted to facilitate easy temperature adjustment.
- DeepClean anti-ligature radiator covers are designed with radius corners to prevent injury if a student should fall against the edge of a radiator.
Radiator covers are protected both inside and out with BioCote® to minimise the risk of cross contamination. BioCote® is a silver-based anti-microbial technology that works continuously to inhibit the growth of bacteria and extend the lifetime of Contour radiators.
Radiators heat to the optimum temperature for the growth of bacteria, which is why they often carry dangerous levels of bacteria and microbes that can increase illness in educational environments. Millions of microbes can fit into a space as small as the eye of a needle, which is why Contour work with BioCote® to constantly improve hygiene by reducing microbes on the surface of radiator covers by up to 99.96%.
Casings up to two metres in length are supplied in one piece to avoid site assembly and any disruption to learning environments. Contour recognises the importance of minimising disturbance in SEN schools, and endeavour to complete any modifications during the manufacturing process to ensure that your radiators and covers can be installed quickly and easily without any noisy, messy cut-outs or modification work during installation.
To find out more about how we could provide heating solutions that are ideal for your SEN school, sign up below to speak to a heating expert.
About Us
Contour produces a range of innovative, safe surface temperature systems for healthcare, education, mental health, commercial and secure sectors, working in close partnership and collaborating with architects, M&E engineers, NHS Trusts, local authorities, design consultants and contractors to deliver outstanding safe heating solutions.
Contour is a partner of BioCote® anti-microbial technology for LST and anti-ligature radiators. BioCote® additives reduce bacteria by up to 99.9% and are combined with Contour's extensive range of colour-paints to coat products for a durable, high-quality finish.
Contour's heating solutions offer secure, single-person quick access to radiator guard interiors for regular deep cleaning and maintenance. Each year, Contour save the NHS millions of pounds in cleaning costs, while delivering cleaner, safer environments. Contour has redefined the marketplace and is regarded by many as a design and innovation leader within the industry.
Contour's vision is supported by a quality-first philosophy and a passionate and conscientious customer focused team who possess a 'can-do' attitude, taking pride in developing solutions for your heating requirements.
Contact us at:
The Mansions, 43 Broadway Shifnal
Shropshire TF11 8BB United Kingdom
+44 1952 290 498


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Bill Latka published 2019 in EOY Recipients 2019-04-29 22:56:04 -0400
Bill Latka published Green Ticker in What's Up? 2019-03-04 13:32:47 -0500
Green Ticker
With our air, water, land, and climate threatened as never before, now is the time for those who desire a better future to work together.
This is our listing of educational, social, and political events related to the environment that are taking place in the Grand Traverse region. To have your event listed, please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com that includes:
day date start and end time name of event location (with address) event sponsor fee/donation short comment
Thank youSee all events
Bill Latka published Support EOY Awards in Donate 2019-02-08 13:29:00 -0500
Bill Latka followed What's Up? 2018-01-04 16:55:49 -0500
What's Up?
These are challenging times. The environment is under assault as never before. It is no longer responsible to sit back and just watch what unfolds. The urgency of the climate crisis demands that protecting and healing the environment takes center stage in our lives. Understanding the urgency, the Board of NMEAC is working to expand our base and create opportunities for everyone to become part of the solution rather than remaining part of the problem. We are involved in partnership with other local groups and agencies working to mitigate climate change, to shut down Line 5, to become a 100% renewable energy community, to protect our trees and clean water, to prevent urban sprawl, and to preserve and protect our special region.
The Green Ticker is a place where you can learn what events are taking place in the Grand Traverse region, events organized and sponsored by our many local environmental groups. Our climate, our towns, our rivers, our bays, our lakes, our forests, our dunes, our plants and our animals all need your help to preserve and protect them. Activities are listed chronologically in the Green Ticker. Please add your event by following the instructions at the top of the Green Ticker. Check the Green Ticker often to keep informed about what is going on.
Besides the Green Ticker, we'll be posting the latest information here that we think will fascinate you, as it does us! NMEAC events, book reviews, and news.
Let us know what interests you here.
"The Earth does not belong to us: we belong to the Earth".
Marlee Matlin
"Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better."
Albert Einstein
Bill Latka published Land Use in Our Issues 2017-12-18 12:26:26 -0500
Land Use
Sprawl Makes a Comeback
NMEAC voiced opposition to the ill-conceived plans for the 81 on East Bay development on the Old Mission Peninsula and helped support a new group called Preserve Old Mission. The development site includes steep ridges along East Bay and a spectacular woods running along the tops of those steep ridges. The developer wants to level the ridges to gain views of the Bay. We are also monitoring future developments and will be working to be sure setbacks from the Bay and the Boardman River are enforced.
Interlochen Wetlands
NMEAC has been involved in challenging an MDEQ permit which allows wetlands to be filled for a small development near Interlochen. We joined together with Interlochen Center for the Arts and local residents to challenge the permit in circuit court. We have been part of this issue since 2007.
Bill Latka
Producing & directing TV shows, commercials, videos, but mostly trying to make things on this planet better for you and me.


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You can find our church at 12 Cedar Street in Maleny, Qld.
Find a map at the bottom of this webpage.
This famous document expresses the doctrine of the Christian faith and that which is revealed in Scripture in a clear and concise way.
This document from the Westminster Divines of 1646 best gives the system of doctrine contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. The Bible is the supreme standard of our holy faith in the Presbyterian Church of Australia, with the Westminster Confession of Faith as a substandard read in light of the Declaratory Statement.
Just Click below or go chapter by chapter on the menu on the right.
After an amendment in 1928, 24.4 now reads "Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of consanguinity or affinity forbidden in the Word; nor can such incestuous marriages ever be made lawful by any law of man, or consent of parties, so as those persons may live together, as man and wife. The man may not marry any of his wife's kindred nearer in blood than he may of his own, nor the woman of her husband's kindred nearer in blood than of her own, except the case of a deceased wife's sister, or the case of a deceased husband's brother."
After an amendment in 1916, 27.4 now reads "There be only two Sacraments ordained by Christ our Lord in the Gospel, that is to say, Baptism and the Supper of the Lord: neither of which may be dispensed by any but a Minister of the Word lawfully ordained (saving where the General Assembly has made special provision to the contrary that the people of God may not be left without these sealing ordinances)."
I. God hath appointed a day, wherein he will judge the world in righteousness by Jesus Christ, to whom all power and judgment is given of the Father. In which day, not only the apostate angels shall be judged; but likewise all persons, that have lived upon earth, shall appear before the tribunal of Christ, to give an account of their thoughts, words, and deeds; and to receive according to what they have done in the body, whether good or evil.
II. The end of God's appointing this day, is for the manifestation of the glory of his mercy in the eternal salvation of the elect; and of his justice in the damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked and disobedient. For then shall the righteous go into everlasting life, and receive that fullness of joy and refreshing which shall come from the presence of the Lord: but the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.
III. As Christ would have us to be certainly persuaded that there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men from sin, and for the greater consolation of the godly in their adversity: so will he have that day unknown to men, that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come; and may be ever prepared to say, Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly. Amen.
Charles Herle, Prolocutor
Cornelius Burges, Assessor
Herbert Palmer, Assessor
Henry Robroughe, Scriba
Adoniram Byfield, Scriba
I. For the better government and further edification of the Church, there ought to be such assemblies as are commonly called synods or councils.
II. As magistrates may lawfully call a synod of ministers and other fit persons to consult and advise with about matters of religion; so, if magistrates be open enemies of the Church, the ministers of Christ, of themselves, by virtue of their office, or they, with other fit persons, upon delegation from their churches, may meet together in such assemblies.
III. It belongeth to synods and councils, ministerially, to determine controversies of faith, and cases of conscience; to set down rules and directions for the better ordering of the public worship of God, and government of his Church; to receive complaints in cases of maladministration, and authoritatively to determine the same: which decrees and determinations, if consonant to the Word of God, are to be received with reverence and submission, not only for their agreement with the Word, but also for the power whereby they are made, as being an ordinance of God, appointed thereunto in his Word.
IV. All synods or councils since the apostles' times, whether general or particular, may err, and many have erred; therefore they are not to be made the rule of faith or practice, but to be used as a help in both.
V. Synods and councils are to handle or conclude nothing but that which is ecclesiastical: and are not to intermeddle with civil affairs which concern the commonwealth, unless by way of humble petition in cases extraordinary; or by way of advice for satisfaction of conscience, if they be thereunto required by the civil magistrate.
I. The bodies of men, after death, return to dust, and see corruption; but their souls (which neither die nor sleep), having an immortal subsistence, immediately return to God who gave them. The souls of the righteous, being then made perfect in holiness, are received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies; and the souls of the wicked are cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment of the great day. Besides these two places for souls separated from their bodies, the Scripture acknowledgeth none.
II. At the last day, such as are found alive shall not die, but be changed: and all the dead shall be raised up with the self-same bodies, and none other, although with different qualities, which shall be united again to their souls forever.
III. The bodies of the unjust shall, by the power of Christ, be raised to dishonour; the bodies of the just, by his Spirit, unto honour, and be made conformable to his own glorious body.
I. The Lord Jesus, as king and head of his Church, hath therein appointed a government in the hand of Church officers, distinct from the civil magistrate.
II. To these officers the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven are committed, by virtue whereof they have power respectively to retain and remit sins, to shut that kingdom against the impenitent, both by the word and censures; and to open it unto penitent sinners, by the ministry of the gospel, and by absolution from censures, as occasion shall require.
III. Church censures are necessary for the reclaiming and gaining of offending brethren; for deterring of others from like offenses; for purging out of that leaven which might infect the whole lump; for vindicating the honour of Christ, and the holy profession of the gospel; and for preventing the wrath of God, which might justly fall upon the Church, if they should suffer his covenant, and the seals thereof, to be profaned by notorious and obstinate offenders.
IV. For the better attaining of these ends, the officers of the Church are to proceed by admonition, suspension from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper for a season, and by excommunication from the Church, according to the nature of the crime, and demerit of the person.
Upcoming Events
NOTICE: During the Government Restrictions because of Covid-19 the MalenyPC is closed.
Please join us online each week for:
Wednesday Night Bible Study & Prayer 7:00 pm
Sunday Worship 9:00am
What does it take to be a member of our congregation?
If you would like to throw your lot in with us as a member of this fabulous congregation, if you want to nail your colours to the mast and become one of us, then we are delighted and want you to take advantage of the next opportunity of our Foundational Courses for New Members.
If you are unsure of why this is necessary, check this out.
Have a community group
Rent out our facilities for a reasonable price.
Check us out here.
Who regularly uses our Hall?
with funding from...
Members and visitors can give to the work and support of the Gospel ministry at The Maleny Presbyterian Church below. All funds go into a general fund that is controlled by a Committee of Management which are audited annually by certified independent financial auditors. Financial records and reports are available from the Committee upon request.
You can make a direct deposit of funds to the The Maleny Presbyterian Church.
Bank: Bank Of Queensland
Account Name: Maleny Presbyterian Church
General Account #: 22708460
Bldg/Maint. Account #: 22708462
Missions Account #: 22709208
Please indicate if there is some special use or purpose that you wish to give/donate to.


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- For the American meteorologist, see Robert M. White (meteorologist).
Template:Infobox military person
Robert Michael "Bob" White (July 6, 1924 – March 17, 2010), (Maj Gen, USAF), was an American military aircraft test pilot, fighter pilot, electrical engineer, and a Major general in the United States Air Force.[1][2] White broke a number of records with the North American X-15 experimental aircraft during the 1960s, and supervised the design and development of several modern military aircraft.
Background and careerEdit
White was born in New York City on 6 July 1924. He entered active military service in November 1942 as an aviation cadet in the United States Army Air Forces, and received his pilot wings and commission as a Second Lieutenant in February 1944.
During World War II he served with the 355th Fighter Group in the European Theater of Operations, where he flew P-51 Mustangs from July 1944 until February 1945 when he was shot down over Germany on his 52nd combat mission. He was captured and remained a prisoner of war until his release in April 1945. He then returned to the United States, left active duty in December 1945, and became a member of the Air Force Reserve at Mitchel Air Force Base, New York, while studying Electrical Engineering at New York University. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from New York University in 1951, and a Master of Business Administration from the George Washington University in 1966.
White was recalled to active duty in May 1951, during the Korean War, where he served as pilot and engineering officer with the 514th Troop Carrier Wing at Mitchel Air Force Base. In February 1952 he was assigned as a fighter pilot and flight commander with the 40th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, based at Johnson Air Base, Japan. In August 1953, he returned from overseas to serve as a systems engineer at Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, New York.
Test pilot programEdit
White attended the U.S. Air Force's Experimental Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and became a test pilot, flying advanced models such as the F-86 Sabre, F-89 Scorpion, the new F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-104 Starfighter and the F-105 Thunderchief. He was promoted to Deputy Chief of the Flight Test Operations Division, later becoming Assistant Chief of the Manned Spacecraft Operations Branch.
White was designated the Air Force's primary pilot for the North American X-15 program in 1958. While the new plane was undergoing its initial tests, he attended the Air Command and Staff College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, graduating in 1959. He made his first test flight of the X-15 on April 15, 1960, when the aircraft was fitted with two interim, 16,000 lbf (71 kN) thrust rocket engines. Four months later he flew to an altitude of 136,000 ft (41.5 km), above Rogers Dry Lake. White would have participated in the Air Force's Man In Space Soonest program, had it come to fruition.
In February 1961, White unofficially set a new air speed record when he flew the X-15 at a speed of 2,275 mph (3,660 km/h), following the installation of a 57,000 lbf (254 kN) thrust XLR-99 engine. White was the first human to fly an aircraft at Mach 4 and later Mach 5 over the next eight months. On 9 November 1961, White flew the X-15 at 4,093 mph (6,590 km/h), making him the first pilot to fly a winged craft at six times the speed of sound (Mach 6). President John F. Kennedy used the occasion to confer the most prestigious award in American aviation, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, jointly to White and three of his fellow X-15 pilots; NASA's Joseph A. Walker, Commander Forrest S. Petersen of the U.S. Navy, and North American Aviation test pilot Scott Crossfield. A day later, Air Force Chief of Staff General Curtis E. LeMay awarded White his new rating as a Command Pilot Astronaut.
On 17 July 1962, Major White flew the X-15 to an altitude of 314,750 feet (59 miles, 96 km). This qualified him for USAF astronaut wings, becoming the first "winged" astronaut, and one of a few who have flown into space without a conventional spacecraft. Major Bob White was featured with a cover story in the August 3, 1962 issue of Life magazine, detailing his July 17, 1962 flight.
Pilot Robert White commented on his high altitude X-15 flights, "My flights to 217,000 feet [66 km] and 314,750 feet [96 km] were very dramatic in revealing the Earth's curvature ... at my highest altitude I could turn my head through a 180-degree arc and wow! — the Earth is really round. At my peak altitude I was roughly over the Arizona/California border in the area of Las Vegas, and this was how I described it: Looking to my left I felt I could spit into the Gulf of California; looking to my right I felt I could toss a dime into San Francisco Bay."
Post-test pilot careerEdit
In October 1963 he returned to Germany, where he served as operations officer for the 22d Tactical Fighter Squadron, 36th Tactical Fighter Wing, flying F-105 Thunderchiefs at Bitburg Air Base, and from July 1964 to August 1965 as commander of the wing's 53d Tactical Fighter Squadron. He returned to the United States in August 1965 to attend the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Washington, D.C., and graduated a year later. Lieutenant Colonel White then was transferred to Air Force Systems Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, as chief of the Tactical Systems Office, F-111 Systems Program Office, where he served from September 1966 to May 1967.
In May 1967, during the Vietnam War, Colonel White was assigned as Deputy Commander for Operations of the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing, an F-105 unit based at Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. He flew 70 combat missions over North Vietnam, including leading an attack against the Paul Doumer Bridge in Hanoi on August 11, 1967, for which he was awarded the Air Force Cross. He was transferred in October to the Seventh Air Force Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam, serving as chief of the Attack Division in the Directorate of Combat Operations.
White returned to the United States and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in June 1968, where he served as director of the F-15 Eagle Systems Program, responsible for managing development and production planning, in the Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command.
On 31 July 1970, White assumed duties as Commander of the Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, where he was responsible for research and developmental flight testing of manned and unmanned aerospace vehicles, aircraft systems, deceleration devices and for the Air Force Test Pilot School. During his tenure as Commander, testing was begun on such important programs as the F-15 Air Superiority Fighter, the A-X ground attack aircraft, and the Airborne Warning and Control System. In October 1971 he completed the Naval Test Parachutist course and was awarded parachutist's wings.
He served at the Flight Test Center until 17 October 1972. The following month, he assumed the duties of Commandant, Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC), responsible for the entire AFROTC officer accession program at all colleges and universities across the United States. In February 1975, he received his second star and in March became Chief of Staff of the Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force.
White was promoted to the grade of Major general effective February 12, 1975, with date of rank July 1, 1972. He retired from active duty on February 1, 1981.
In 1992, White was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. General White was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio, on 15 July 2006. A rumor abounds that in honor of his achievements, the Scaled Composites White Knight spacecraft launch plane was named after White and fellow X-15 pilot Pete Knight. Space Ship One and White Knight pilot/astronaut Brian Binnie reports this is not true.
He died March 17, 2010, at the age of 85.
Awards and decorationsEdit
|Air Force Command Pilot Badge
with Astronaut Device
|Air Force Parachutist Badge
|Air Force Cross
|Air Force Distinguished
Service Medal
with cluster
|Army Distinguished Service Medal
|Silver Star
with three clusters
|Legion of Merit
|Distinguished Flying Cross
with four clusters
|Bronze Star
|Air Medal
with sixteen clusters
|NASA Distinguished
Service Medal
|Presidential Unit Citation
|Outstanding Unit Award
with cluster and "V" Device
|Organizational Excellence Award
|Prisoner of War Medal
|Army Good Conduct Medal
|American Campaign Medal
|European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
with three stars
|World War II Victory Medal
|National Defense Service Medal
with one star
|Korean Service Medal
with one star
|Vietnam Service Medal
with three stars
|Air Force Longevity Service Award
with eight clusters
|Armed Forces Reserve Medal
|Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
|Armed Forces Honor Medal
|Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation with Palm
|United Nations Korea Medal
|Vietnam Campaign Medal
|Korean War Service Medal
Other achievements
- 1960 Harmon International Aviators Trophy[3]
- 1961 Collier Trophy, for invaluable technological contributions to the advancement of flight, and for great skill and courage as test pilots for the X-15.[4]
- 1962 John J. Montgomery Award
Air Force Cross citationEdit
- Colonel Robert M. White
- U.S. Air Force
- Date Of Action: August 11, 1967
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742, United States Code, awards the Air Force Cross to Colonel Robert M. White, for extraordinary heroism in military operations against an opposing armed force as an F-105 Mission Commander near Hanoi, North Vietnam, on 11 August 1967. On that date, Colonel White led the entire combat force against a key railroad and highway bridge in the vicinity of Hanoi. In spite of 14 surface-to-air missile launches, MIG interceptor attacks, and intense antiaircraft artillery fire, he gallantly led the attack. By being the first aircraft to dive through the dark clouds of bursting flak, Colonel White set an example that inspired the remaining attacking force to destroy the bridge without a single aircraft being lost to the hostile gunners. Through his extraordinary heroism, superb airmanship, and aggressiveness in the face of hostile forces, Colonel White reflected the highest credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.
- ↑ Obituary New York Times, March 23, 2010; page B12.
- ↑ Obituary Los Angeles Times, March 24, 2010; page AA1.
- ↑ John F. Kennedy – Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Three Test Pilots of the X-15 Rocket Plane, November 28, 1961
- ↑ http://www.aerofiles.com/collier-trophy.html
- Thompson, Milton O. (1992) At The Edge Of Space: The X-15 Flight Program, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. ISBN 1-56098-107-5
External linksEdit
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Robert Michael White.
- White's official Air Force biography
- NASA Images: Major Robert M. White is seen here next to the X-15 aircraft after a research flight
- Astronautix biography of Robert Michael White
- Spacefacts biography of Robert Michael White
- First Flight Society: Major Robert M. White
- Robert Michael White at the National Aviation Hall of Fame
- Veteran Tributes biography: Robert M. White
- "A Place called the Doumer Bridge", AIR FORCE Magazine, February 1988
- Iven C. Kincheloe Awards
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).