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Tag Archives: cardiovascular help
Take charge of your own heart health, be proactive, especially if your family has a history of heart problems. Continue reading
Posted in General, Healthy Weight, Nutrition Tagged algae for hear health, cardiovascular help, cellular energy production, CoQ10 Plus, Core Complex, fish oil, free-radical scaventer, Hawthorn berry, heart, Heart Health, Herbalife, Herbalifeline, high blood pressure, Mega Garlic Plus, Niteworks, non-fish DHA, Tri-Shield, Vitamin D Leave a comment
Tai Chi – a Calming Exercise
Looking for a low-impact way to work out your entire body, inside and out? Tai Chi sounds like it's for absolutely anyone – young to old and the ill. Continue reading
Posted in Energy & Fitness, General, Healthy Weight, Mental Health Tagged back exercise, back strain, balance, bone building, bowel function, cardiovascular help, constipation, coordination, immune system boost, joint mobility, leg slimming, martial art, neck strain, osteoporosis, stroke, tai chi 2 Comments


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Plumbing is an essential component of any residential or commercial building. During construction of the building, plumbers ensure the most durable installation of water pipes, gas pipes, and drainage systems.Even though, if you don't want to face the possibility of plumbing problems like water pipe leaks, drainage problems or leaking faucets. People need plumbing Brandon services to handle these emergency plumbing jobs immediately.There are many reasons to hire a plumber Brandon. You could be in the proces
January 14, 2013 98 No Comments Like

subset: commoncrawl


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by Rob Adamson of Armstrong Watson
AS Coronavirus ("Covid-19") continues to make a significant impact across the globe the supply chain is likely to be affected, but what can you do to minimise this impact?
Whether you sell clothes or build cars, at least part of the supply chain will probably have originated in China. So with China 'shutting down', the impact will be felt worldwide with supply chain difficulties likely to filter through during March.
There may be an immediate cash impact if you need to purchase goods from elsewhere, especially if you don't have favourable credit terms with alternative suppliers. A potential increase in the cost of goods may also impact on your cash flow and turnover may be affected if you are unable to source alternative supplies. In the meantime, you will still have to meet your existing overheads, resulting in a squeeze on cash.
How do I limit the disruption to my business?
Reviewing your supply chain to understand where your components come from will help you to identify where issues are likely to arise and whether an alternative supplier can be used.
Carrying out stock checks will also help you to identify and understand your purchasing requirements for the immediate future, and assist you in your supply chain review, giving you an opportunity to highlight unwanted stock you may be able to offload.
You might also need additional cash for a period and/or your ability to collect in your debtors may be impacted if your customers are affected too. Preparing a short term cash flow forecast will help you plot the peaks and troughs – and any holes - from a cash perspective.
Once you've identified the pinch points, an exercise in "smoothing" can be carried out, looking at larger monthly payments and whether they can be broken down. If you still need additional cash, then you should first contact your existing funder - their rate of borrowing is likely to be more favourable (and quicker) than alternative lenders.
Considering how your business will be affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and avoiding knee-jerk decision making is key. Reviewing the implications early will help you to weather the potential storm but if this exercise identifies additional funding requirements for your business, then please get in touch with us. Contact Rob Adamson on 0113 2211 300 or email email@example.com


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Gateway Designer SME
£400 - £463 per day
Outside IR35
The Gateway Designer is required to carry out detailed design and implementation (possibly including Proof of Concepts and Demos) for the project Gateways programme.
The successful candidate is required to possess the following attributes:
Extensive experience of design/implementation of
Email guarding and content inspection solutions
Web browsing/publishing solutions using secure products
Remote Desktop Services solutions especially RemoteApp
Capable of working independently in a dynamic and frequently changing environment.
The role is based in Bracknell however the candidate is required to be mobile and visit customer locations near Bristol and London, on an adhoc basis.
The role is challenging due to the secure nature of the environment and the customer's business needs. The candidate must be able to work in a team, have good technical communication skills both with the customer and within the team, with strong attention to detail, self-motivation, pro-active problem solving skills, and a track record of delivery to tight timescales.
Mandatory Skills Required:
SMTP Guards technology and configuration
Web guards technology and configuration
Windows Remote Desktop Services especially RemoteApp
Windows 2008 R2 design, lockdown and configuration
Windows 2016 design, lockdown and configuration
Solaris 10 design and configuration
Browser Technology and Configuration (IE, Chrome and Firefox)
Ability to design, build and test own solutions using guidance provided by the design authority
Providing design documentation within a template based environment.
Ability to present design solution to the MoD.
Desirable Skills Required:
DeepSecure email and web guard technologies
McAfee Web Guard configuration
Firewall rules and configuration
Cisco switch configuration and deployment
LAN design and IP configuration
Rack design and configuration
Certificate requests and replacements


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Only a quick one purely because this picture makes me smile. Well this blanket does!
Someone commented on facebook saying that it's growing nicely. I never seem to see the size until a blanket is finished!
My inability to see the size is the reason I'll be frogging my ocean waves blanket again tonight. It's at least 8 inches too wide and just looks far too big. I really need to do my foundation chains with my tape measure supervising me!!!


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Alternative space Gell
Gallery in The Kiyosumi, Ryogoku area
Current or Upcoming Events
No details available at the moment. If you have some information, please send it in.
» Browse the past events for this venue
Home Page
Opening hours
Note:Depends on each event.
Venue may charge entrance fee on a per-event basis.
Address: 1F Kashiwa Bldg., 4-16-8 Midori-cho, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-0021
10 minutes walk from exit A3 at Kikukawa Station on the Shinjuku line, 10 minutes walk from exit 1 at Kinshicho Station on the Hanzomon line, 10 minutes walk from the South exit of JR Kinshicho Station.


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As of now most of you must be aware of the newly launched Jio summer surprise offer. This offer gives prime Jio users 3 more months of free data & calling benifts. But to activate this offer you need to be a prime member which can be done by payings Rs 99 & then recharging your number with 303 or any above plan.
But there question that is being asked by those users who have recharged with Rs 149 after activating Jio prime membership. How they will get the free benifits for three months again.
If you are one among those who have recharged with Rs 149 instead of 303. Here is all you need to do in order to avail free services for next three months.
I Have Already Recharged Rs 149 Plan – What To do ?
If you have already recharged with Rs 149 plan after getting Jio prime membership, you don't need to worry. You too can avail free Jio services for next three months.
All you need to do is to pay Rs 303 or above plan. By doing this your plan will change and you will be able to use Jio services for free again for next three months.
Jio Summer Suprise Offer & Rs 303 Plan
Jio's summer surprise offer is giving free data & calling for three months to those recharging with Rs 303 or above. In case you don't know about Jio summer surprise offer, click here to read all details and FAQ's about this offer.
How to Recharge 303 plan on your Jio number
If you want to avail free jio services for three months, you need to recharge with Rs 303 or above. Here is how you can recharge your Jio number.
There are threee ways to Rs 303 plan.
- My Jio App
- Jio website
- Retail Outlets
You can recharge Rs 303 using My Jio app, Jio official website or visit any retail outlet to get your recharge done.
So if you have already recharged Rs 149 plan, you don' need to worry. Just recharge with Rs 303 now & get free Jio services for next three months.
Note: This information has been verified on call by Jio customer care. They said those who have already recharged Rs 149 can avail free services also by recharging Rs 303 or above.


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The Swedish Art Exhibition: Official Catalogue
1916. Item #A5967
Brinton, Christian. The Swedish Art Exhibition: Official Catalogue. NY 1916. 2nd ptg. 72p, many black-and-white ills. Good paperbound (covers stained here and there). ** Checklist of over 200 paintings and sculptures by Larsson, Liljefors, Zorn, and many more, from ca. 1880 on. The exhibition, which was held under the auspices of the Brooklyn Art Museum and others, traveled around the U.S. The imprint on this copy is the Historical Building, Des Moines. Can be sent outside the U.S. for less than the default shipping rate.
Price: $15.00
See all items in Art
See all items by Christian Brinton


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Are you looking for how to start beekeeping in Erie Pennsylvania? A lot of folks say beekeeping classes in PA can be expensive and there are cheaper ways to master honey bee farming without spending lots of money in training.
Beekeeping is a hobby that depends on having whole fire. You can't should you not enjoy dealing with creatures that are live begin a company such as this. Working with bees is like working with any kind of birds or animals; it needs attention and knowledge to keep bees productive and healthy. In order that it does not create any difficulty for the company later on, you should take complete care of each little thing.
>> Click Here For A Complete Guide To Starting Beekeeping…
– Choosing the correct tools
Beginning without picking the correct tools beekeeping, is like entering the battle with swimming costumes. Before you begin your company you should be well prepared, or it will likely be a total loss for money and your time.
Before you select your acceptable hives ask your self several questions. This depends on which is the target from starting beekeeping a lot. In case you are willing to invest some money and time in a bee keeping business then you definitely may want to understand will you take good care of your hives. Are you prepared to purchase a pricey hive if it's best choice for you?
These sort of questions will be asked to you once you see an expert bee keeper to consult with him about the hive that is greatest to purchase. Every hive has its specifications, maintenance and honey production quantity.
– New technology and processes
If you're taking a look at bee keeping as a business you then must examine a lot about their nature, bees and the most recent technologies that emerged in this livelihood so that you can keep all your information up thus far. Your bees are the machines of your factory that can generate money for you all the time once they start producing honey, so keeping your ideas focused on them and your head open for what's new in the sector will get you on top of the business.
>> Click Here For A Complete Guide To Starting Beekeeping…


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Robogals Robotics Workshop
Central City Library Makerspace
Event Details
Come and join a fun robotics workshop presented by Robogals, a group of engineering students. You will have a chance to interact with robots, LEGO Mindstorms EV3, and graphical programming software designed for school age children.
Less than one in five engineers working in New Zealand is female. Robogals wish to boost the interest and involvement of young girls in the field of engineering and technology by bringing free workshops to the community.
Suitable for girls from 12- 15 years old. Boys are also welcome to join.
Our sincerest appologies. We have had to cancel the July 4th occurrence of this event, however


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first published on February 17, 2016 by Will
Get a 360 degree immersive experience as you sit inside the cockpit of an F/A-18 Super Hornet as it launches from the deck of the USS Harry Truman on a sortie in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. The flight crew (VFA-103) "Jolly Rogers" is based out of Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia.
Depending on your device, you may need to download it to your phone via the google cardboard app in order to experience the virtual reality.


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Junction Road 96c
Andover, Hampshire
Since 1999
Contact01264392539 - or - Email
Cleantek Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning is a professional company established over 10 years ago.
We use the most powerful carpet cleaning equipment and top quality solutions ensuring the very best results.
Our van mounted system is up to 20x more powerful than anything else in Andover, this means your carpets are left cleaner and drier than any other local company and we arrive 'ready to work' so no set up time means we can be out of your way quicker. We also use our own water and power source, and extract all the dirty water into our own on board tanks and take it away. With the option of using purpose made driers your carpets can be dry before we leave.
|Flooring Services - Carpet Cleaner
All our staff are fully trained.
All staff are fully trained to an advanced level by Prochem Europe Ltd.
Area of Business
All carpets and upholstery are cleaned with a hot water extraction system so no detergents are left behind ensuring there is no rapid resoiling.
Stain Guard Protectors can also be applied.
Cleantek covers Hampshire and the South including Andover, Newbury, Basingstoke, Winchester, Salisbury, Southampton and surrounding areas.
£ Fees
Cleantek practises an honest pricing policy and all quotations can be received in writing on completion of an onsite survey.
Our prices start from £45.


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Fragment will generally refer to Gumball fragments. The term is also sometimes used to refer to Relics Fragment or (erroneously) to Airships chips.
Common sources for gumball fragments are areas like the Maze, Mercenary Camp or Events.
Common sources for airship chips are Sky exploration and the Alliance Shop.
30 fragments may be compressed into a Pearl. This is needed for the gumball trials and statues, also see: Fane Expansion
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Interviews and commentary the animal rights social network ARZone (Animal Rights Zone)
Sunday, August 12, 2012
ARZone Podcast 48: Nick Cooney - Change of Heart
Nick has written for publications including The Philadelphia Inquirer and Z Magazine, and his advocacy work has been featured in hundreds of media outlets including Time magazine, the Wall Street Journal, and National Public Radio.
Nick holds a degree in Non-Violence Studies from Hofstra University and formerly worked conducting nutrition education programs with the University of Pennsylvania's Urban Nutrition Initiative.
You may also listen H E R E, or visit this webpage to subscribe using iTunes, and please remember to visit ARZone on the web at www.ARZone.net.
Please click on the following links to learn more about Nick's work:
The book: Change of Heart
Visit the website of Farm Sanctuary's Compassionate Communities Campaign
Read the Compassionate Communities blog here
Click here to contact Nick to order outreach materials.
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- March 20, 2020 at 10:45 PM


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HATTIESBURG — A Hattiesburg businessman is planning to renovate a building that was constructed in 1898 and says it will add three apartments and retail space to downtown.
The Hattiesburg American says the building on Front Street is owned by local businessman Charles Price.
Price said the entire building encompasses 3,600 square feet.
The first floor will contain retail space, with an apartment in back, available as a live/work arrangement for a future proprietor.
The 1,800-square-feet second floor will contain two loft apartments, one with a covered balcony overlooking the street.
A business has not been found to locate in the retail space yet, Price said. He said he wants to find a business or entrepreneur with a concept that will complement the unique businesses on Front Street.
Earlier this month, the newly renovated America Building on Front Street welcomed its first tenants. The building has 20 residential units. Its first retail businesses — Wigbar Salon and Bodybar Fitness — are scheduled to open Sept. 1 on the first floor.
Also on Front Street, the renovated Carter Building — part of Hub City Lofts with the America Building — is scheduled to open Aug. 15. It will offer 32 apartments and five retail spots.
Historic Hattiesburg Downtown Association Director Betsy Rowell said the development of Front Street is indicative of growth capitalizing on itself.
… we'd like to ask for your support. More people are reading the Mississippi Business Journal than ever before, but advertising revenues for all conventional media are falling fast. Unlike many, we do not use a pay wall, because we want to continue providing Mississippi's most comprehensive business news each and every day. But that takes time, money and hard work. We do it because it is important to us … and equally important to you, if you value the flow of trustworthy news and information which have always kept America strong and free for more than 200 years.
If those who read our content will help fund it, we can continue to bring you the very best in news and information. Please consider joining us as a valued member, or if you prefer, make a one-time contribution.Click for more info


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- This event has passed.
30th World Summit on Positive Psychology, Mindfulness and Psychotherapy
March 18, 2019 - March 19, 2019
Positive Psychology 2019, Happiness Event is a unique meeting that unites academics, scholars, practitioners and business professionals at an international, intercultural and interdisciplinary environment in the rapidly emerging globalised world.
Positive Psychology 2019, Happiness Event is a special designed cluster of 2 day event which will be organized around the theme ''Psychological and Philosophical pursuit of Happiness and Wellbeing''.
Conference Sessions: Topics Include but not Limited to;
• Psychology and Quality of Life
• Positive Psychology Interventions and Positive Education
• Mindfulness and Compassion
• Happiness and Well-being
• Wellness and Health Care
• Buddhism and Wisdom
• Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder
• LGBT and Sexual Orientation
• Philosophy and Resilience
• Humanities and Social Sciences
• Psychotherapy and Counseling Psychology
• Spirituality, Yoga and Meditation
• Mental Health and Psychiatry Nursing
• Stress, Depression and Anxiety
• Child Psychology and Child Care
• Industrial Psychology and Organizational Psychology
• Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology


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Construction work will begin in the Crossings neighbourhood of west Lethbridge on Tuesday, July 9 to extend Caledonia Blvd west of Devonia Circle. This work is expected to be complete by the evening of Saturday July 13, weather permitting.
As a result of this intersection closure, vehicle access will not be available to the rear parking lot of the Crossings Branch Lethbridge Public Library or Catholic Central High School West parking lot. Residents along Caledonia Blvd W will still have access to their property on the road and rear lane.
Motorists are asked to please follow the detour signs in the area and be aware of construction zones to keep workers and residents safe.
This portion of the construction project will consist of sewer and water utility installation. The finished asphalt construction will be completed mid-August and another closure will be required at that time.
For Public Inquiries:
Call 311 | Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Media Contact: Michael Kelly, Real Estate and Land DevelopmentCity of LethbridgePhone: email@example.com
Abby Slovack, Real Estate and Land DevelopmentCity of LethbridgePhone: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Town turns out for Moorpark Country Days
Moorpark hit the streets on Saturday with a longtime tradition: Moorpark Country Days.
The annual event started with a parade down High Street that included about 60 entries marching through the historic part of town. The celebrity grand marshal was former Los Angeles Dodger Billy Ashley.
After the parade, visitors shopped at a local street fair with vendors, crafts, entertainment and a children's village.
Moorpark Country Days is put on by the Moorpark Chamber of Commerce and the city.
Also in the news:
- Get a peek at some earlier fall festivals in Ventura County
- Ventura County goes pink for Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Read or Share this story: https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/10/06/town-turns-out-moorpark-country-days/1359962002/


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Secure announces new technology for smart cards
25 September, 2008
category: Biometrics, Corporate, Digital ID, Health
Secure Services Corporation, a developer of security technology, has developed a new smart card, called the SHAPE Card, which operates on the MULTOS operating system and uses biometric match-on-card algorithms developed by Precise Biometrics.
The SHAPE Card, which stores a user's biometric data on the card rather than connecting to a database, is primarily aimed at the health care industry for computer access security but other markets are also being considered for future developments with the product.
The MULTOS operating system was chosen by Secure because they see it as the most secure and flexible operating system in wide spread use. Additionally, the match-on-card technology was used primarily for its ability to store one's biometric information on the card which is believed to reduce security risks such as errors and fraud. The SHAPE Card is the new component to the SHAPE suite offered by Secure that includes software such as the personal health record software.


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Gottex Mozambique High Neck One Piece Swimsuit
As low as $109.99 Regular Price $168.00
In stock
Clearance - All Sales Final
Item: 18MO148-080
Black and White basket print with primary colored border or color blocking motif. Combination of black and white all over prints and a border.
Consult size chart for perfect fit.
- Soft cup bra
- High Neckline
- Halter Straps for personalized fit
- Deep scoop back
- 73% Polyamide / 27% Elastane
- Model Measurements: Height: 71in Bust: 33in Waist: 24in
- Model wears: US Size 4


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May Litigation Calendar
Litigation Calendar for May 2016 Now Available
Dear Valued Client,
Dye & Durham's Litigation Calendar offers you important information, including:
trial submission dates; dates when judges and masters are not available; web links to other relevant legal sites and new directives; and trial scheduling telephone information.
The calendar covers the BC Supreme Court registries within the Lower Mainland, as well as Victoria. It is colour-coded to distinguish between registries.
Send your work orders through ETRAY™ for fast, efficient service.
Friendly Reminders:
Provincial Court (Small Claims & Family): The registry will not accept documents amended with white out. All deletions should be crossed out, initialed and dated. Court of Appeal: Factums (including footnotes) must be written in Arial 12 pt. font. Affidavits: Please ensure the name of the commissioner is included on all affidavits.
Dye & Durham Corporation


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Communion is a time we gather once a week or once a month as a community of faith. In this sacrament we remember both what Christ did for us at the cross and what He continues to do for us. Through Christ we can be cleansed, forgiven, and restored to a right relationship with God.
In Psalm 51 we find ourselves with David just after he has been convicted of his transgressions with Bathsheba and Uriah. In the opening verses we can hear David's pain and sorrow just pouring out. A man who is known for being close to God's heart finds himself away from God because of his own actions. David acknowledges the sinful nature inherently in all of mankind. He acknowledges that his sin is against God. And he acknowledges that God desires more. All of this is true of us and our relationship with God as well.
Our reality is that we sin more than once a week and certainly more than once a month. We need to come before God more regularly than at the communion table. And His good news is that we can. Lamentations 3 reminds us that God's mercy and compassion never fail. They are new every morning and great is His faithfulness. Each day, each hour, each moment we can come before our loving God to be made new.
David goes on past confession and we must also go there. In the second half of the psalm he asks God to create in him a pure heart and a steadfast spirit. He asks God to restore the joy of His salvation within. May the God of all love, hope, and mercy create in each of us a pure and willing heart and a steadfast spirit that willingly kneels at the cross of Jesus Christ each day, each hour, and each moment.
Scripture reference: Psalm 51: 1-12


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Winter Scene by Melissa Rusk
The winter skies have been mostly gray around my house so I decided I needed a card to brighten up winter just a bit. I pulled out my alcohol inks and gave them a try. I am just starting to use them but they are already so much fun.
For the background I took three colors in blues and teals and played around with the alcohol inks on Yupo paper. Once it was dry I took the alcohol resist ink pad and stamped the Typewriter Holiday Elements background stamp on the alcohol ink background I created. I love how it turned out! I will be using this technique in the future for sure.
To finish the card I die cut the Delicate Pine Frame in white and then colored it with the Clear Wink of Stella glitter brush pen to make it sparkle. I also added some glitter to the tree to add to the winter sparkle.
Thanks for stopping by the blog and I hope you have a wonderful holiday week!


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The IRB Policies & Procedures Manual serves as a reference guide describing the policies, procedures, and regulations governing research with human subjects and the requirements for submitting protocol applications for review by the Institutional Review Board of La Roche College. The intended audience of users includes research administrators, principal investigators (faculty, staff and students), and IRB members. The manual describes and explains the various aspects of the review process and regulatory requirements.
At La Roche College, all faculty and staff research must be submitted for review by the IRB regardless of funding source: federal, state, local, private, or unsponsored. The La Roche College IRB reviews protocol applications from all disciplines.
Student research intended to result in generalizable knowledge must also be submitted for review. For example, all honors theses proposals or undergraduate research intended for publication or wide dissemination such as a web page or presentation outside of the classroom (i.e., at a conference or poster session). Student research involving human subjects must be supervised by a La Roche College faculty advisor who will assume the responsibility for ensuring that all research procedures comply with federal, state, and college policies designed to protect human participants.
Classroom projects and independent studies that are exclusively for instructional or mentorship purposes need not undergo review by the IRB if the risks are NOT GREATER than minimal. Faculty advisors and students are encouraged to follow the IRB Policies & Procedures Manual when designing and conducting class exercises, projects, or other assignments that involve the use of human volunteers or respondents, even if not submitted for review. All student research that poses GREATER than minimal risk must be submitted for IRB review.
Prior to submitting applications to the IRB for review, researchers must present the complete application to their department chair or administrative head to verify that the proposed study has
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undergone rigorous academic merit review. The department chair, administrative division head, or other appointed college official must read the IRB application and certify with signature that:
• the study's purposes, rationale, design and methods are clearly stated and meet discipline specific guidelines;
• the protocol conforms to the norms, ethical standards, and methods of procedure of the scholarly discipline;
• the proposed study involves no known risks to human subjects other than those specified;
• the principal investigator and other researchers are qualified to conduct the proposed study;
• the study facilities and resources are adequate for the safe conduct of the research;
• and the subject population, sampling procedures, and data to be collected are justified and adequate to meet study objectives.
Role of the IRB
The La Roche College IRB reviews all research proposals involving human subjects in order to ensure that the "protocol," or procedures of the research, adequately protects the subjects. The Board consists of the Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs, who chairs the committee, and at least five members, both men and women from varied professions representing academic division/programs. They should have diverse backgrounds with some experience in the types of research being reviewed and be sensitive to community attitudes and vulnerable populations.
The IRB reviews applications submitted by principal investigators to determine and certify that all research protocols conform to the regulations and policies set forth by the IRB regarding the health, welfare, safety, rights, and privileges of human subjects. The process of review serves to ensure the safe and ethical conduct of research that ultimately will protect the rights and welfare of human subjects. The college, and all faculty, staff, and student investigators share in the collective responsibility for the ethical conduct of research.
IRB decisions and requirements for revision, if any, are conveyed to investigators in writing, with the provision of an opportunity for appeal to the IRB by the investigator in the case of disapproval. Although research may receive IRB approval, the department chair or other administrative officials may conclude that the research project does not meet the policies and goals of the college and may disapprove, suspend, or terminate a project. However, IRB decisions to require modifications in,
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disapprove as submitted, suspend, or terminate a project are final. Further, no committee or official can approve an investigator to conduct any human subject research that the IRB has not approved.
To a limited extent, the IRB will consider the academic merit of the study design, since it would be unethical to place human subjects at risk with a study where methodological procedures are flawed such that little or no reliable information will be obtained. Primary responsibility for the review of academic merit rests with the department or administrative division sponsoring the research.
Review Process
Research projects are reviewed at one of three levels, depending upon the investigator(s) and IRB's understanding of the target population to be sampled and the risk to participants posed by the recruitment, procedures, data retention, and dissemination plans. These reviews are done on a continual basis.
The federal definition of minimal risk provides the benchmark for considering the degree of risk a protocol poses. Minimal risk means that the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. The IRB must also be assured that, when participants could be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence (e.g., college students in a classroom setting), additional safeguards be in place to protect the rights and welfare of these participants. While the investigator indicates the initial determination regarding the appropriate category of review, the primary reviewer (IRB chairperson) will make the final determination. Any irresolvable matter or dispute between an investigator and the IRB chairperson is brought before the full Board. The categories for review are summarized below:
Exempt Review
Exempt review involves research presenting less than minimal risk to human participants.
Expedited Review
To qualify for expedited review, the research must present no more than minimal risk to participants and correspond to a category appropriate for expedited review or represent a minor change in previously full board approved research that involves no additional risks to research participants.
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Full Review
Any research that does not fit as an exempt or expedited review is to be submitted for full review. Any feature of a research project could prompt a full review; these include recruitment, sampling, participation characteristics, method/procedure, measures, storage plan, or dissemination. Examples of full review research include:
Research which may put research participants at risk greater than minimal risk;
Research involving psychological or physiological intervention or non-curricular, interactive research in departments;
Research involving deception;
Interviews or surveys relating to topics the La Roche community would define as being sensitive (e.g., sexual activity, alcohol or drug use, illegal behavior), particularly if identifiers are used or confidentiality could be compromised;
Research targeting special populations (e.g., minors, prisoners, pregnant women, persons with diminished capacity or other vulnerable populations) if the research is conducted outside of a supervised classroom project affiliated with course objectives.
IRB Application
Materials submitted for review, at minimum, include a protocol (application form; exempt, expedited, or full review), legally effective informed consent (assent), and signature page. Other materials may be required, when applicable to the research. These include copies of surveys, measures, apparatus, and materials are to be submitted.
A protocol is ready for submission when the IRB has information about the research in sufficient detail as stated above. All questions on the application must be answered or marked "not applicable" when appropriate. Do not altar wording or delete questions from the form. Once the file is complete, the action the IRB Chair takes depends upon the level of review.
All changes to a research project must be submitted to the IRB as a modification request. Investigators are not permitted to implement any protocol changes without prior IRB review and approval, except when necessary to eliminate apparent immediate hazards to subjects.
Department/Program chairs and heads of administrative divisions are responsible for the initial review of all research emanating from their department/divisions. All applications submitted to the IRB must
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be signed by the chair/head and the chair/head will recommend the level of review. No application should be sent to the IRB until the chair/head feels that the application is complete.
Applications must "stand alone" and should provide all information requested, i.e. complete answers must be contained in the application. While you may reference other documents with supporting information, do not respond solely by stating "see attached." Applications will be returned if these instructions are not followed.
A completed application can be sent directly to the Academic Affairs Office. The address for all applications and other correspondences: La Roche College Academic Affairs Office, Attention: IRB Chair, 9000 Babcock Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15237.
Exempted Research
Research involving the use of education tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures, or observation of public behavior, unless: (a) information obtained is recorded in such a manner that subjects can be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects; and (b) any disclosure of the human subjects' responses outside the research could reasonably place the subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects' financial standing, employability, or reputation [45 CFR 46.101 (b) (2)].
This exemption is available for research within any of the stated categories involving adults, unless the information is both recorded in such a way that the human subjects can be identified (by links or otherwise) and the disclosure of the subjects' responses outside the research could place the subjects at risk or cause personal harm. Thus, surveys involving sensitive topics (such as drug or alcohol use, sexual habits, detailed health histories, illegal behavior, etc.) where there are codes or other links between the information and the subject are not exempt. In studies that will collect data by way of oral history interviews and are designed to create generalizable knowledge in a systematic investigation, the IRB will review such applications as exempt or expedited depending on the level of risk on a case by case basis.
Certain educational tests are exempt from IRB review: tests of knowledge, mastery, and skills that do not include individual subject identifiers or ask sensitive information from the subjects.
Observational research involving sensitive aspects of human behavior or in settings where subjects have a reasonable expectation of privacy is not exempt.
Sensitive survey research is seldom exempt. A sensitive survey includes questions about illegal activities or highly personal aspects of the subject's behavior, life experiences, or attitudes. Questionnaires or surveys covering sensitive topics, however, may qualify for exemption if they: (a) insure the anonymity
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of the subject; (b) inform the potential subjects as to the sensitive nature of the topics they will be asked to address; and (c) the study does not exceed minimal risk.
Research under this category that would not otherwise be exempt may qualify for exemption if it involves elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; for example, surveys, interviews, or observation of public officials or candidates for public office [45 CFR 46.101 (b) (3)].
Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational settings involving normal educational practices such as (a) research on regular and special education instructional strategies, or (b) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques, curricula, or classroom management methods [45 CFR 46.101 (b) (1)].
To qualify for exemption under this category, all of the research must be conducted in a commonly accepted educational setting and should not involve sensitive topics (e.g., sexual behavior, drug abuse, personal issues) nor increase the level of risk or discomfort beyond normal, routine educational practices. Provisions should be made to insure the existence of a non-coercive environment for all students, including those who choose not to participate. Written permission of the school or appropriate agency should be obtained prior to the implementation of the research, including review of the proposed study by the human subject's research office or committee as applicable to or required by each school site.
Also exempt are research and demonstration projects which are conducted by or subject to the approval of department and agency heads and which are designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise examine public benefit or services programs; procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs; possible changes in or alternatives to those programs or procedures; or possible changes in methods or levels of payment for benefits or services under those programs [45CFR 46.101 (b) (5)].
This category may also be applied to evaluations of State, City, or County programs provided that the program being studied delivers public benefits or services, there is statutory authority over the program, and there is no significant intrusion or invasion of participants' privacy.
Expedited Review
Research activities that may be accepted by the IRB for expedited review include research involving materials (data, documents, records, or specimens) that have been collected or will be collected solely for non-research purposes: collection of data from voice, video, digital, or image recordings made for research purposes;
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• Research on individual or group characteristics or behavior (including, but not limited to, research on perception, cognition, motivation, identity, language, communication, cultural beliefs or practices, and social behavior) or research employing survey, interview, oral history, focus group, program evaluation, human factors evaluation, or quality assurance methodologies (some research in this list may be eligible for exemption);
• Continuing review of research previously approved by full review of the IRB where the research is permanently closed to the enrollment of new subjects, all subjects have completed research-related interventions, and the research remains active only for long-term follow-up of subjects; or where no subjects have been enrolled and no additional risks have been identified; or where the remaining research activities are limited to data analysis.
Full Reviews
Most applications submitted to the La Roche College IRB qualify for either exemption or expedited review. Research that does not qualify for these two lower levels of review must undergo a full IRB review by a quorum of IRB members at a convened meeting. The application process and forms remain the same as for the other levels, but investigators should note that a full review may take longer after receipt of a complete, signed application. In the event that no additional information, clarifications, or modifications are requested, the IRB may approve a study within a short time period, but investigators should be aware that the initial full review process often does not result in an outright approval of the research. Minor or major revisions and written clarifications may be requested, adding time to the review process.
In a Full Review, the IRB performs a detailed examination of the review application including the proposed informed consent form, and all supporting documentation, including any recruitment materials, questionnaires, or survey instruments.
IRB members with a potential conflict of interest in any review must recuse themselves from voting and participation in the deliberations. These disclosures should be stated prior to the agenda item where the protocol is presented for discussion. After a full discussion of the complete application, the IRB Chair calls for a vote. Results of IRB decisions are then communicated in writing to the investigator. This letter will justify any conditions required for final approval, may request additional information or revisions, and will indicate the next steps in the review process, if any.
All meetings of the IRB are documented in written minutes to include an agenda of topics, attendance, protocols reviewed, actions taken, voting results, reasons for requiring changes in a project, or reasons for disapproving, suspending, or terminating a project. These minutes are available for review and
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action by IRB members at subsequent meetings; when approved in final form, the minutes are stored in the Academic Affairs Office.
Cooperative Research
Cooperative research projects are those projects which involve more than one institution. In the conduct of cooperative research projects, each institution is responsible for safe guarding the rights and welfare of human subjects and for complying with this policy. In this case, a Cooperative Research Agreement form must be submitted to the IRB at La Roche College after obtaining the necessary signatures from the lead institution.
IRB Appeals Policy
Any decision or review outcome may be appealed to the IRB. Investigators must submit their appeal in a letter to the IRB Chair outlining the reasons for the appeal and why the IRB decision or review should be reconsidered. If the appeal involves a relatively minor request, the Chair or a subcommittee of the IRB may consider the issue and reach an equitable determination. However, appeals of expedited and full review outcomes or any other substantive matters such as audit findings must be reviewed and decided by the full IRB convened meeting. The investigator may request to be present at the meeting or may be invited to do so by the IRB to clarify any issues pertinent to the written appeal. After presentation of the information and review of the documents, the full IRB will vote to approve or not approve the appeal. The decision of the IRB will be final.
IRB Records and Protocol Monitoring
The La Roche College Academic Affairs office maintains files in electronic or hard copy for each study to include: application forms, consent and assent forms, instruments, recruitment flyers or postings notification of IRB decisions and outcomes, records of any modifications and re-approval reviews, reports on adverse events, correspondence with investigators, and copies of all progress and final reports.
The IRB files are maintained for a minimum of three years after completion and closing of a study. Investigators should maintain duplicate files for their own records and for use during IRB audits while the study is still in progress and for three years after closure of the study.
The Academic Affairs office maintains records of IRB convened meetings: agendas, minutes, protocol status reports, applications reviewed with attachments, and other related material. Copies of inquiries and miscellaneous correspondence are also maintained by the IRB.
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Does your family have a favorite holiday meal? What are your birthday traditions? Do the older people in your family tell stories about their childhood and what life was like when they were young? All these are parts of family folklore. Tell Me a Story will help you better understand: what family is; the ways the generations are linked together; how families relate to each other; and how families pass along a heritage for the future. We get strength from our family's past, and this sort of folklore also gives us hope for the future.
In rough frontier cabins, tidy farmhouses, and elegant townhouses, Americans in the 1800s were dedicated to living as well and as comfortably as their circumstances allowed. The American home was a sacred institution, the seat of family life where the patriarch ruled with Mother at his side as guardian of the home, and the children were raised with strict discipline and strong values. Changes in taste and fashion, improvements in technology (indoor plumbing and a host of new laborsaving devices), and social change transformed home and family life in the 1800s, as opportunities for leisure activities and commercially produced consumer goods came within reach of the average American. But the strong American tradition of the sanctity of the home, consumerism, and the importance of a happy family life has its roots in the homes of nineteenth century Americans.
To an outsider, Native American family life may seem simple. In reality, the societies within Native American tribes are incredibly rich and complex. Nor is family life the same from tribe to tribe. Some tribes are organized into clans; others trace their lineage according to matrilineal lines. This book discusses some of the familial arrangements of various tribes, including the reasons for such arrangements as well as the roles individuals played in their respective societies.


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District Eight
Issue 01
Leather paper jacket wrinkles with age and develops a contrasting character to the stark cover.
Character and clarity.
With age comes stories.
Our extended team crafted scenes with a hint of time: lived-in spaces, long shadows, a pulled out chair in an arranged table setting, blurred movements, a drawer left ajar, to name a few.
Creative Directors: Reo, Uyen Dong, Tuan Le
Account: Ly Tong
Photography: Do Sy
Portfolio Photography: Thuy Truc, Reo
Stylist: Sarah Nguyen


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On July 26, 1966 fourteen members gathered and organized as a Service League. Thirty-two new members joined in September 1966. The fund-raising project was the Antique Show and Champagne Preview Party, which became a successful annual event through 1983. On May 7, 1980, we officially became the 240th League in the Association of Junior Leagues International, Inc. and became the Junior League of South Brevard, Inc. (JLSB). For almost 50 years we have been a driving force in Brevard County through voluntarism, community support, partnerships and civic leadership training.
Marion Collins
Pat Cox
Patricia (Diaz) Pappas
Jeanne Duce
Uni Ivesdale
Shirley Lynch
Mary Mallory
Dian Milligan
Margaret Nibler
Carol (Pruitt) Couse
Judith Robinson
Joyce (Sanders) Ivesdale
Mary (Strawn) Meeks
Peggy Marquette


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From Reid Cunningham: "Fairport NY, the Carter-Mondale sticker is a great touch. The interior was nicely restored, it the original AM radio and full gauges on the dash. Single exhaust so the slant six or a 318? I was visiting the used tool store, you can buy donated tools and the proceeds go to charity. I am guessing one of the retired gentleman that volunteers at the store is the proud owner of this Swinger. I forgot to check the registration sticker for the year."
Trucks, cars, highways, landscape, good writing. "You cannot travel on the path, before you have become the Path itself."
- autoliterate
- Brooklin, Maine, United States
- We own a 1975 GMC Sierra Grande 15 in Maine and a 1986 Chevrolet Custom Deluxe 10 in West Texas. Also a pair of 1997 Volvo 850 wagons. Average age in the fleet is 28 years--we're recycling. I've published 3 novels: THE LAW OF DREAMS (2006), THE O'BRIENS (2012), and CARRY ME (2016). Also 2 short story collections: NIGHT DRIVING(1987) and TRAVELLING LIGHT (2013). More of my literary life is at www.peterbehrens.org I was a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study for 2012-13. I'm an adjunct professor at Colorado College and in the MFA program at Queens University of Charlotte. In 2015-16 I was a Fellow at Harvard University's Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The Autoliterate office is in Car Talk Plaza in Harvard Square, 2 floors above Dewey Cheatem & Howe. SUBSCRIBE TO THE AUTOLITERATE DAILY EMAIL by hitting the button to the right.
Wednesday, August 1, 2018
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The Communist Origins of Islamic Extremism
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, heralded a major shift in world affairs. Osama bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda took front-page news as the threat of Islamic extremism gained prominence.
For the vast majority of people around the world, 9/11 came as a shock and a tragedy. But in China, under the CCP's censorship, reactions were quite different. From internet forums and chat rooms to university cafeterias, large numbers of people rooted for the terrorists, with comments such as "good job!" and "We strongly support the acts of justice against the United States." According to a survey of 91,701 people on NetEase, a major Chinese website, only 17.8 percent of respondents expressed strong opposition to the terrorist attacks, while a majority of people chose "opposition to the United States" or "the best is yet to come" in regard to the catastrophe.
The Chinese who cheered the terrorist attacks had never met bin Laden and his ilk, but the roots of their toxic thinking were the same. The Chinese have been poisoned by communist propaganda and Communist Party culture since childhood. Logically, however, one would wonder what connection this could possibly have with bin Laden, who had fought against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
The ideological source of bin Laden's Islamic extremism can be traced back to Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian pioneer of Islamic terrorism, a man who could be described as the Marx of Islamic jihad and who is often referred to as the "godfather of modern jihad."
a. Sayyid Qutb: The Marx of Islamic Extremism
William McCants, counter-terrorism expert and former researcher at the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, has observed that Islamic extremists often refer to Qutb's teachings when explaining their motivations, and that many of them regard themselves as his successors. Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of Al-Qaeda following the death of bin Laden, regarded Qutb's thought as being the spark to ignite the fire of jihadi extremism.
In 2016, Middle East expert Hassan Hassan published a report with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace called The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context. Toward the end of the report, Hassan quoted a popular summary of the Islamic State's essential doctrine: "The Islamic State was drafted by Sayyid Qutb, taught by Abdullah Azzam, globalized by Osama bin Laden, transferred to reality by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and implemented by al-Baghdadis: Abu Omar and Abu Bakr."
Bin Laden and later the Islamic State (ISIS) adopted and expanded on the ideology of Qutb. In a nutshell, Qutbism is the pursuit of violence to destroy the rotten old society, or "jahiliya," calling upon jihadis to lay down their lives for an ideology that will supposedly usher in human liberation.
This bombastic style calls to mind the writings of Marx and Lenin, and with good reason: Qutb was a member of the Communist Party in his youth, and his ideas were steeped in the rhetoric of Marxism-Leninism. Robert R. Reilly, a senior fellow at the U.S. Foreign Policy Committee, has said that Qutb was actually a Communist International liaison for the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and the Communist Party of Egypt.
Born in 1906, Qutb studied socialism and literature in the 1920s and 1930s. By 1940, he had already studied abroad in the United States for two years, and joined the Muslim Brotherhood after his return to Egypt. Qutb had always had contact with army lieutenant Gamal Abdel Nasser, leader of the socialist-leaning Free Officer Movement.
In 1952, Nasser launched a military coup overthrowing the Muhammad Ali dynasty, a pro-Western monarchy. It is said that this socialist-revolution coup was planned by Qutb and the Brotherhood together with Nasser. However, while Qutb hoped Nasser would establish an Islamic regime, Nasser instead took the path of secularization, and in 1954 began suppressing the Muslim Brotherhood.
Qutb and the Brotherhood prepared to assassinate Nasser. The plot failed, and Qutb was accused of attempted murder and imprisoned. During his three years in prison, Qutb suffered severe torture. Later, conditions became more lax, and he was allowed to write. He wrote his two most important works while in prison — In the Shade of the Qur'an and Milestones. These two books, covering his views on the Qur'an, Islamic history, Egypt, and Western society, laid out in full his advocacy of anti-secular, anti-Western extremism.
Qutb was once briefly released from prison. He did not take the opportunity to leave Egypt and was jailed again. In 1966, Qutb was convicted of his involvement in the conspiracy to assassinate President Nasser and was executed by hanging.
Qutb's subversive thinking bestowed the Islamic concept of jihad with a new interpretation. Upon mention of jihad, many immediately think of "holy war." In Arabic, jihad simply means to struggle or to fight. To mainstream Muslims, it can be taken to mean internal conflict (self-perfection) or defensive jihad. Qutb extended this definition to include proactive and unbridled use of violence in the holy war of jihad and laid out its theoretical foundations. Qutb took pride in walking up to the gallows and becoming a religious martyr.
Qutb's philosophy held that any social system that abided by secular laws or ethics was an anti-Islamic "old society" — jahiliya (ignorance of religious truth, originally referring to society before the spread of Islam). Even a society that claimed itself Muslim could still be jahiliya. Qutb considered the Egyptian social system in which he lived to be one in which jahiliya was dominant, and therefore it had to be overthrown.
According to Qutb, jahiliya was the greatest obstruction for both Muslims and non-Muslims, preventing them from fulfillment of Islamic values and law. He claimed that the old society had been forced on people and in the process, robbed them of their freedom. These enslaved people — analogous to the working class in Marxism — had the right to wage jihad to overthrow the oppression of jahiliya. Qutb advocated jihad as the means of liberation for all mankind, Muslim as well as non-Muslim. When Qutb's books became public, many Islamic leaders thought Qutb had gone too far and regarded his ideas as heresy.
Qutb further borrowed the Marxist concept of "false consciousness," which refers to the ordinary masses' acceptance of the ruler's ideals and culture. This consciousness thus prevents them from perceiving their own oppression or overthrowing capitalism in favor of socialism. For Qutb, those living under jahiliya don't realize they are slaves, which is why they do not engage in jihad to emancipate themselves.
"What is to be done?" as Lenin put it in his pamphlet by that name. Qutb had the same question, so he looked to Lenin for a solution.


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Shaina M. Smith mum on political future
ROAD TOWN, Tortola, VI – Defeated National Democratic Party (NDP) candidate in the First District Shaina M. Smith has refused to speak about her political journey in the June 8, 2015 general elections saying that she wished to leave all that in the past.
Is Shaina M. Smith an early flip-flopper?
ROAD TOWN, Tortola, VI – Member of the People's Patriotic Alliance (PPA) Shaina M. Smith recently announced that she will be seeking the public's support as she runs for the First District this upcoming elections with the National Democratic Party (NDP).
PPA makes 180 degree turn!
ROAD TOWN, Tortola, VI – After first announcing via this news site that her party, the People's Patriotic Alliance (PPA) was seeking to contest the next general elections constitutionally due by February 2016 Shaina M. Smith announced in a statement late March 15, 2015 that the PPA would not be contesting.
"I will not be running with the NDP" - Shaina M. Smith
ROAD TOWN, Tortola, VI- Clearing the air on reports that the newly formed People's Patriotic Alliance (PPA) had been defunct and may not contest the next general elections and that its head Shaina M. Smith had gone with the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP), the information reaching our news room speaks to the contrary.
VG Hospital is in Johnson's Ghut – PPA charges
LONG LOOK, Tortola, VI - The People's Patriotic Alliance (PPA) says if access to health services is a priority for every Virgin Islander then the facilities would have already been in place because money is obviously not the problem but noted that the problem was about mixed up priorities.
Poor class silently rising among us- Shaina M. Smith
SPANISH TOWN, Virgin Gorda, VI- Addressing Virgin Gordians last night Saturday October 15, 2011 at Spanish Town in The Valley, member of the People's Patriotic Alliance (PPA) and Territorial At Large candidate Shaina M. Smith said the high cost of living was forcing a poor class system to emerge in the Territory and outlined some ideas that the PPA has in respect to tackling the problem if elected.


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The drum beat and a First Nations approach to literacy and learning
Makoonsag teaches children from an Aboriginal perspective, which includes intergenerational learning, specialized facilities, and a focus on traditional language and practices.
Makoonsag teaches children from an Aboriginal perspective, which includes intergenerational learning, specialized facilities, and a focus on traditional language and practices.
There's a new player on the scene to help children develop early learning literacy skills: a cuddly stuffed toy through which a caregiver can interact with kids, tell stories, sing songs and read books.
Strong literacy skills in children have a profound impact on self-esteem, ability to learn, and overall development. The positive long-term implications of a city where all children are prepared for school has organizations rising to the challenge.
After a successful launch, Winnipeg's Soup Sisters and Broth Brothers is proving to be a successful social enterprise providing comfort to women and children through the making and donating of soup.
The belief that education is the ticket out of poverty has motivated The Winnipeg Foundation to establish a Literacy for Life Fund that supports family literacy programs in Manitoba.
It was a fitting golden anniversary for University of Winnipeg radio station CKUW at this year's Fundrive, where the community station raised a record amount in donations.
Living Bible Explorers provides residents of the inner city of Winnipeg with hope for a better future. Their programs are strengthening the next generation and helping bring light into homes, schools and communities.
A young mother finds out she has cancer and is given less than a year to live. With a wonderful husband and two young children at home, she is now in a fight for her life.
Just imagine four days without phones, email and meal prep. Imagine instead sitting in silence, spending time outdoors, remembering your dreams and having time to ponder them.
A local café is providing meaningful employment for people with developmental or intellectual disabilities who often face societal challenges like isolation and discrimination.


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The 5 Best 100 Dollar Laptops in 2019
If you're looking for a laptop that won't cost you too much, you may find what you're looking for with laptops under $100. While there isn't a whole load of options at this price point, they're an inexpensive choice as lightweight workstations.
Let's look into what you'll get in 100 dollar laptops, and what units are available right now.
What Do You Get From 100 Dollar Laptops?
Unfortunately, it's very hard—if not impossible—to find good, cheap laptops that are brand new. To keep the price down, we need to look at the used and refurbished market.
Used laptops are as you expect; they're laptops that had a prior owner who is now selling them on. Used laptops under $100 tend to be older models, priced in a way that will shift them quickly. Due to the unpredictable nature of purchasing second-hand hardware, we decided to shy away from highlighting used products.
Refurbished laptops are a little different. They, too, are older models of laptop, but certified engineers repair them so that they're like new. A third party typically does this, so the repairs are not official and aren't usually offered under warranty. However, it's an excellent way to get a laptop that has a second lease on life with renovations and new components.
If you'd like to know more about the differences between pre-owned devices, check out our guide to which second-hand device types are best Refurbished vs. Used vs. Certified Pre-Owned: Which Is Better? If you want to save money on electronics, don't buy new! Here are the difference between pre-owned, refurbished, and used. Read More .
How We Picked the Laptops
Picking out 100 dollar laptops can be tough, as there are a lot of dud products available that aren't worth your time and money. As such, we only selected laptops that fit under the following criteria:
- They're all sold under the Amazon Renewed plan. This plan means that every computer benefits from a 90-day guarantee by Amazon. If the laptop arrives and it's evident that it hasn't received the proper care it needed, you can claim your money back. This plan makes purchasing refurbished hardware less risky.
- If the laptop has reviews, the overall rating has to be three stars or above. Unfortunately, they may change over time, but these were checked and confirmed at time of writing.
- They have to be at or under $100.
- Generally, Chromebooks give the best performance for the price. As such, we focused on Chromebooks for this list.
Best Refurbished Laptops Under $100
1. Lenovo N22
Lenovo N22 Lenovo N22 Buy Now On Amazon $138.49
The Lenovo N22 is a small device that can do a surprising amount. It is a Chromebook, so it does run Google's Chrome OS—a modified version of the Chrome web browser. It has a 1.6GHz dual-core processor, 4GB of RAM, and an 11.6-inch display.
While it won't be winning any performance specification awards, it has a nice array of additional features. It has a meager 16GB of storage, but that is expandable with a microSD card. The laptop also supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB 3.0, and HDMI connections.
2. Samsung Chromebook XE303C12
Samsung Chromebook XE303C12 Samsung Chromebook XE303C12 Buy Now On Amazon $189.99
The Samsung Chromebook XE303C12 is another entry for Chromebooks in the 100 dollar laptop range. It has a dual-core 1.7GHz processor, 2GB of RAM, and an 11.6-inch display. As such, it's mostly ideal for work use where you focus on a single app or program.
It's useful as a simple communications laptop, too; it comes equipped with a webcam and microphone, with sockets that allow you to plug in higher-quality mics. If you feel like paying a little extra, you can upgrade this laptop to a 12.1-inch model.
The laptop is also compact and lightweight, weighing in at just 2.43lbs, making it easy to carry around. It makes for a handy homework laptop or something you can take with you to lectures to take notes on.
3. Acer C720
Acer C720 Acer C720 Buy Now On Amazon $129.95
The Acer C720 is another computer to consider when looking for good cheap laptops. Its price is slightly over the $100 mark, but it's a small enough margin to be acceptable for anyone with a $100 budget.
The Acer C720 doesn't make any big splashes in the hardware department; it has a single 1.4 GHz processor and 2GB of RAM. It does, however, have impressive eight-and-a-half hours of battery life, and boots up in seven seconds. These features make this laptop a good word processing computer for studies or reports.
4. Dell Chromebook 11.6-Inch HD
Dell Chromebook 11.6-Inch HD Dell Chromebook 11.6-Inch HD Buy Now On Amazon $164.99
This Dell Chromebook is the best cheap laptop in this list for sheer processing power. It has a 2.58GHz dual-core Intel Celeron N2840, which makes it a powerhouse compared to the previous entries. Much like other models, it sports 4GB of RAM and 16GB of SSD storage.
It also has an excellent range of USB ports, with three USB 2.0 ports located around the unit. These ports make it useful for plugging in flash drives and external accessories, such as mice.
5. Dell Chromebook 11-Inch
Dell Chromebook 11-Inch Dell Chromebook 11-Inch Buy Now On Amazon $169.00
This 11-Inch Dell Chromebook has a good range of ports for additional accessories. It has one USB 3.0 port, two USB 2.0 ports, a headphone/microphone combo jack, and an HDMI port for external monitors. It also boots very quickly and does its tasks quietly without any loud fans.
Unfortunately, its processor is on the weaker side, with only a single 2.1 GHz processor under the hood. While this laptop can't achieve anything above word processing and online browsing, the ports make it an excellent choice for someone with a lot of USB accessories.
Choosing the Best Inexpensive Laptop for You
You don't need to break the bank when purchasing a laptop. There are plenty of ways to get cheaper models, which is excellent for both tight budgets and occasional work use. These refurbished Chromebooks should do the job for anyone who needs a lightweight laptop.
After looking through the best 100 dollar laptops, you may decide another device would be better for you. If so, consider the best cheap tablets The 6 Best Cheap Tablets for Budget Gifts Looking for the best cheap tablet? You're in luck! We've rounded up the best tablets for the money that you should buy. Read More instead.
Related topics: Back to School, Chrome OS, Chromebook, Laptop.
Affiliate Disclosure: By buying the products we recommend, you help keep the site alive. Read more.


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Energy conversion
An alternative way to look at information processing in a data center is to see it as an energy conversion machine. Energy that is converted in something useful: data. The energy efficiency of this conversion process is the ratio between the useful output and the input in energy terms. As we will see, using a simple model shows us that the conversion process is highly inefficient and therefore creating tremendous losses. Part of the problem (the inefficiency) is that a lot of people take the electrical power supply for information processing for granted. But information processing (thus data centers) are part of a complex electrical power value chain. People are mostly not aware of the energy losses in this value chain. Saving a kiloWatt at the end of this power value chain saves society a lot of energy and reduce carbon emission.
The Power Loss model is composed out of three sub-systems:
- Power sub-system: The efficiency of power plants varies widely with the technology used. In a traditional coal plant, only about 30-35% of the energy in the coal ends up as electricity on the other end of the generator. So called "supercritical" coal plants can reach efficiency levels in the mid-40's, and the latest coal technology (gasification) is capable of efficiency levels above 60%. The most efficient gas-fired generators achieve a similar level of efficiency. After the electrical energy is generated, it has to be transported to the consumer by means of a power grid (transmission and distribution network). Generally speaking, t&d losses between 6% and 8% are considered normal. Obviously, there is a tremendous amount of energy left behind in the generation and t&d process.
- DC infrastructure sub-system: Once electricity is supplied to a data center, various devices consume the electrical power. A data center has, from a power perspective, a supply chain that consists of four large building blocks: the IT infrastructure (servers, storage and network), the primary power supply (UPS, PDU, etc.), the secondary support supply (cooling, generator, air handling) and the tertiary support supply (lighting, office space). Typically about 50% of total power usage in a data center is derived from cooling, power distribution, lighting, etc. The figures of the DC infrastructure power consumption are taken from APC.
- IT infrastructure sub-system: Typically about fifty percent of total power usage in a data center is derived from the IT infrastructure. We have servers in all kind of flavors that have a different power consumption. Making use of the report "ESTIMATING TOTAL POWER CONSUMPTION BY SERVERS IN THE U.S. AND THE WORLD" of Jonathan G. Koomey of Stanford University the power usage of low, mid and high range server are estimated on 180, 420, and 4800 Watt. In the EPA Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency is suggested that, servers will on average account for about 75 percent of total IT equipment energy use, storage devices will account for around 15 percent, and network equipment will account for around 10 percent. However, these percentages can vary greatly depending on the configuration, hosted applications, and data storage requirements of individual data centers. Further it isn't unusual that on average just 10% of the processing capacity is actual used for information processing. At the end virtually all power consumed by the IT infrastructure is converted to heat.
Click on the model to make it readable.
As you can see in the Power loss model in the first step, delivering power to the data center, we have already lost nearly 70% of the original energy provided by the original energy source. In the second step, delivering power to the IT infrastructure (servers, storage and network) we lose another 16% of the original energy source or 50% of the energy delivered at the doorstep of the data center. This leaves us with 13.9% of the original energy source to start the information processing and thus a loss of 86%. But even in the "information processing" we have severe losses. Most of the time the infrastructure is running idle but nevertheless is using energy. That brings us to a final 1.4% of the original energy to use for real information processing!
If we set up a data center case with 800 servers (600 low range, 200 mid range, 100 high range) we can see the stunning impact and loss of megawatts at each component of the power value chain.
So we must optimize the components of the power value chain? Of course but because of the specific properties of electrical power infrastructure, this infrastructure isn't very flexible and adapt for change. So changes for optimization cost a lot of time (and money). If this is the case, shouldn't we start to look more at the demand side of this power value chain then to the supply side? As the model shows saving 1 unit power consumption in information processing saves us about 98 units in the upstream of the power value chain.
A proper integrated architecture and design is needed to correct unnecessary redundancy and inappropriate use of infrastructure. This approach reduces not only the capital expenditure on server, network and storage systems but also the energy needed to run them.
As stated earlier the model gives you just a rough idea about power loss. There are several ways to enhance the model. But the first goal is to create awareness. You don't have to wait to cut energy usage, you can start now by improving your IT design and right size your infrastructure capacity.


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Date: Wednesday, January 15
Time: 6pm-7:30pm
Location: Branch District Library, Coldwater
This 'book club' doubles as socialization for introverts. Bring a book or choose one from our collection, then settle in, have some quiet reading time, enjoy some warm drinks, and optionally discuss what you're reading with like-minded readers. No registration required.
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Our dentist in Germantown MD is dedicated to helping you with your oral health! During your first visit, we will review your dental and medical history forms, and take X-rays.
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CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas – Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi will host the fourth annual School of Arts, Media, and Communication (SAMC) Awards in the Performing Arts Center on Sunday, May 1, beginning at 7 p.m. The event is free and open to the public and is sponsored by Tipsy Canvas.
The SAMC Awards recognize outstanding alumni, faculty and students from the four Liberal Arts departments: Art, Communication & Media, Music and Theatre & Dance. The award recipients are selected by faculty and staff of each department for their distinguished contribution to the University. A total of 37 SAMC awards will be handed out this year.
"The SAMC Awards is a special event that students, faculty and community members look forward to all year," said Dina Ruiz, SAMC Events Specialist. "Our students are enormously talented and work extremely hard and this event does so much to honor them."
This year, audience members of the SAMC Awards can expect performances from the Department of Theatre and Dance's cast of "RENT," the Trombone Choir, the student organization Singers' Theatre and film trailers from Communication and Media students.