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This keyword requests that a geometry optimization be performed. The geometry will be adjusted until a stationary point on the potential surface is found. Analytic gradients will be used if available. For the Hartree-Fock, CIS, MP2, MP3, MP4(SDQ), CID, CISD, CCD, CCSD, QCISD, BD, CASSCF, and all DFT and semi-empirical methods, the default algorithm for both minimizations (optimizations to a local minimum) and optimizations to transition states and higher-order saddle points is the Berny algorithm using GEDIIS [Li06] in redundant internal coordinates [Pulay79, Fogarasi92, Pulay92, Baker93, Peng93, Peng96] (corresponding to the Redundant option). An brief overview of the Berny algorithm is provided in the final subsection of this discussion. The default algorithm for all methods lacking analytic gradients is the eigenvalue-following algorithm (Opt=EF).
Gaussian includes the STQN method for locating transition structures. This method, implemented by H. B. Schlegel and coworkers [Peng93, Peng96], uses a quadratic synchronous transit approach to get closer to the quadratic region of the transition state and then uses a quasi-Newton or eigenvector-following algorithm to complete the optimization. Like the default algorithm for minimizations, it performs optimizations by default in redundant internal coordinates. This method will converge efficiently when provided with an empirical estimate of the Hessian and suitable starting structures.
This method is requested with the QST2 and QST3 options. QST2 requires two molecule specifications, for the reactants and products, as its input, while QST3 requires three molecule specifications: the reactants, the products, and an initial structure for the transition state, in that order. The order of the atoms must be identical within all molecule specifications. See the examples for sample input for and output from this method.
Basic information as well as techniques and pitfalls related to geometry optimizations are discussed in detail in chapter 3 of Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods [Foresman15]. For a review article on optimization and related subjects, see [Hratchian05a].
Gaussian 16 supports generalized internal coordinates (GIC), a facility which allows arbitrary redundant internal coordinates to be defined and used for optimization constraints and other purposes [Marenich17p]. There are several GIC-related options to Opt, and the GIC Info subsection describes using GICs as well as their limitations in the present implementation.
By default, optimizations search for a local minimum.
Search for a transition structure using the STQN method. This option requires the reactant and product structures as input, specified in two consecutive groups of title and molecule specification sections. Note that the atoms must be specified in the same order in the two structures. TS should not be specified with QST2.
Search for a transition structure using the STQN method. This option requires the reactant, product, and initial TS structures as input, specified in three consecutive groups of title and molecule specification sections. Note that the atoms must be specified in the same order within the three structures. TS should not be specified with QST3.
Requests optimization to a transition state rather than a local minimum, using the Berny algorithm.
Requests optimization to a saddle point of order N using the Berny algorithm.
Search for a conical intersection or avoided crossing using the state-averaged CASSCF method. Avoided is a synonym for Conical. Note that CASSCF=SlaterDet is needed in order to locate a conical intersection between a singlet state and a triplet state.
Except for any case when it is combined with the GIC option (see below), the ModRedundant option will add, delete, or modify redundant internal coordinate definitions (including scan and constraint information) before performing the calculation. This option requires a separate input section following the geometry specification; when used in conjunction with QST2 or QST3, a ModRedundant input section must follow each geometry specification. AddRedundant is synonymous with ModRedundant.
Lines in a ModRedundant input section use the following syntax:
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] [A | F] [[min] max]
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] B [[min] max]
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] K | R [[min] max]
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] D [[min] max]
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] H diag-elem [[min] max]
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] S nsteps stepsize [[min] max]
N1, N2, N3, and N4 are atom numbers or wildcards (discussed below). Atom numbering begins at 1, and any dummy atoms are not counted.
The atom numbers are followed by a one-character code letter indicating the coordinate modification to be performed; the action code is sometimes followed by additional required parameters as indicated above. If no action code is included, the default action is to add the specified coordinate. These are the available action codes:
An asterisk (*) in the place of an atom number indicates a wildcard. Min and Max only apply to coordinate specifications containing wildcards. The action then specified by the action code is taken only if the value of the coordinate is in the min–max range (or below maximum value if min is not given).
Here are some examples of wildcard use:
By default, the coordinate type is determined from the number of atoms specified: Cartesian coordinates for 1 atom, bond stretch for 2 atoms, valence angle for 3 atoms, and dihedral angle for 4 atoms. Optionally, type can be used to designate these and additional coordinate types:
Analytic gradients are available for the HF, all DFT methods, CIS, MP2, MP3, MP4(SDQ), CID, CISD, CCD, CCSD, QCISD, CASSCF, and all semi-empirical methods.
The Tight, VeryTight, Expert, Eigentest and EstmFC options are available for the Berny algorithm only.
Optimizations of large molecules which have many very low frequency vibrational modes with DFT will often proceed more reliably when a larger DFT integration grid is requested (Int=UltraFine).
IRC, IRCMax, Scan, Force, Frequency, Geom
Output from Optimization Jobs. The string GradGradGrad… delimits the output from the Berny optimization procedures. On the first, initialization pass, the program prints a table giving the initial values of the variables to be optimized. For optimizations in redundant internal coordinates, all coordinates in use are displayed in the table (not merely those present in the molecule specification section):
Berny optimization. The opt. algorithm is identified by the header format & this line.
Initialization pass.
! Initial Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
-------------------- ----------------------
! Name Definition Value Derivative Info. !
! R1 R(2,1) 1. estimate D2E/DX2 !
! R2 R(3,1) 1. estimate D2E/DX2 !
! A1 A(2,1,3) 104.5 estimate D2E/DX2 !
The manner in which the initial second derivative are provided is indicated under the heading Derivative Info. In this case the second derivatives will be estimated.
Each subsequent step of the optimization is delimited by lines like these:
Berny optimization.
Search for a local minimum.
Step number 4 out of a maximum of 20
Once the optimization completes, the final structure is displayed:
Optimization completed.
-- Stationary point found.
! Optimized Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
-------------------- --------------------
! Name Definition Value Derivative Info. !
The redundant internal coordinate definitions are given in the second column of the table. The numbers in parentheses refer to the atoms within the molecule specification. For example, the variable R1, defined as R(2,1), specifies the bond length between atoms 1 and 2. The energy for the optimized structure will be found in the output from the final optimization step, which precedes this table in the output file.
Compound Jobs. Optimizations are commonly followed by frequency calculations at the optimized structure. To facilitate this procedure, the Opt keyword may be combined with Freq in the route section of an input file, and this combination will automatically generate a two-step job.
It is also common to follow an optimization with a single point energy calculation at a higher level of theory. The following route section automatically performs an HF/6-31G(d,p) optimization followed by an MP4/6-31G(d,p) single point energy calculation :
# MP4/6-31G(d,p)//HF/6-31G(d,p) Test
Note that the Opt keyword is not required in this case. However, it may be included if setting any of its options is desired.
Modifying Redundant Internal Coordinates. The following input file illustrates the method for modifying redundant internal coordinates within an input file:
This structure is acetaldehyde with an OH substituted for one of the hydrogens in the methyl group; the first input line for ModRedundant creates a hydrogen bond between that hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group. Note that this adds only the bond between these two atoms The associated angles and dihedral angles could be added as well using the B action code:
Displaying the Value of a Desired Coordinate. The second input line for ModRedundant specifies the C-C=O bond angle, ensuring that its value will be displayed in the summary structure table for each optimization step.
Using Wildcards in Redundant Internal Coordinates. A distance matrix coordinate system can be activated using the following input:
The following input defines partial distance matrix coordinates to connect only the closest layers of atoms:
The following input sets up an optimization in redundant internal coordinates in which atoms N1 through Nn are frozen (such jobs may require the NoSymm keyword). Note that the lines containing the B action code will generate Cartesian coordinates for all of the coordinates involving the specified atom since only one atom number is specified:
The following input defines special "spherical" internal coordinates appropriate for molecules like C60 by removing all dihedral angles from the redundant internal coordinates:
Additional examples are found in the section on relaxed PES scans below.
Performing Partial Optimizations. The following job illustrates the method for freezing variables during an optimization:
The central cluster (the first four atoms) will be optimized while the phenylthiolates are frozen.
Restarting an Optimization. A failed optimization may be restarted from its checkpoint file by simply repeating the route section of the original job, adding the Restart option to the Opt keyword. For example, this route section restarts a B3LYP/6-31G(d) Berny optimization to a second-order saddle point:
# Opt=(TS,Restart,MaxCyc=50) Test
The model chemistry and starting geometry are retrieved from the checkpoint file. Options specifying the optimization type and procedure are required in the route section for the restart job (e.g., TS in the preceding example). Some parameter-setting options can be omitted to use the same values are for the original job, or they can be modified for the restarted job, such as MaxCycle in the example. Note that you must include CalcFC to compute the Hessian at the first point of the restarted job. Second derivatives are computed only when this option is present in the route section of the restarted job, regardless of whether it was specified for the original job.
Reading a Structure from the Checkpoint File. Redundant internal coordinate structures may be retrieved from the checkpoint file with Geom=Checkpoint as usual. The read-in structure may be altered by specifying Geom=ModRedundant as well; modifications have a form identical to the input for Opt=ModRedundant:
[Type] N1 [N2 [N3 [N4]]] [Action [Params]] [[Min] Max]]
Locating a Transition Structure with the STQN Method. The QST2 option initiates a search for a transition structure connecting specific reactants and products. The input for this option has this general structure (blank lines are omitted):
Note that each molecule specification is preceded by its own title section (and separating blank line). If the ModRedundant option is specified, then each molecule specification is followed by any desired modifications to the redundant internal coordinates.
Gaussian will automatically generate a starting structure for the transition structure midway between the reactant and product structures, and then perform an optimization to a first-order saddle point.
The QST3 option allows you to specify a better initial structure for the transition state. It requires the two title and molecule specification sections for the reactants and products as for QST2 and also additional, third title and molecule specification sections for the initial transition state geometry (along with the usual blank line separators), as well as three corresponding modifications to the redundant internal coordinates if the ModRedundant option is specified. The program will then locate the transition structure connecting the reactants and products closest to the specified initial geometry.
The optimized structure found by QST2 or QST3 appears in the output in a format similar to that for other types of geometry optimizations:
! Optimized Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
--------------------- ----------------------
! Name Definition Value Reactant Product Derivative Info. !
! … !
In addition to listing the optimized values, the table includes those for the reactants and products.
Performing a Relaxed Potential Energy Surface Scan. The Opt=ModRedundant option may also be used to perform a relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scan. Like the facility provided by Scan, a relaxed PES scan steps over a rectangular grid on the PES involving selected internal coordinates. It differs from Scan in that a constrained geometry optimization is performed at each point.
Relaxed PES scans are available only for the Berny algorithm. If any scanning variable breaks symmetry during the calculation, then you must include NoSymm in the route section of the job, since it may fail with an error.
Redundant internal coordinates specified with the Opt=ModRedundant option may be scanned using the S code letter: N1 N2 [N3 [N4]] S steps step-size. For example, this input adds a bond between atoms 2 and 3, specifying three scan steps of 0.05 Å each:
Wildcards in the ModRedundant input may also be useful in setting up relaxed PES scans. For example, the following input is appropriate for a potential energy surface scan involving the N1-N2-N3-N4 dihedral angle:
Cartesian coordinates can also include scan specifications:
X atom S x-steps x-size y-steps y-size z-steps z-size
For example, the following ModRedundant input performs a relaxed potential energy surface scan. Starting at the initial position of atom 1 and moving in five 0.2 Angstrom steps in the X direction and three 0.1 Angstrom steps in the Z direction:
The Berny geometry optimization algorithm in Gaussian is based on an earlier program written by H. B. Schlegel which implemented his published algorithm [Schlegel82]. The program has been considerably enhanced since this earlier version using techniques either taken from other algorithms or never published, and consequently it is appropriate to summarize the current status of the Berny algorithm here.
At each step of a Berny optimization the following actions are taken:
Basic GIC input. Here is an example of using the generalized internal coordinates defined by the user from scratch for the geometry optimization of the water molecule.
# HF opt=readallgic
0 1
The atomic indexes 1, 2, and 3 refer to the oxygen atom, the first and the second hydrogen atom, respectively. The first and the second expression define the O-H bonds, and the third one defines the H-O-H valence angle (with the user-provided label "HOH"). An excerpt of the output with a table containing the initial values of the GICs is shown below.
! Initial Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
-------------------------- --------------------------
! Name Definition Value Derivative Info. !
! R1 R(1,2) 1.3112 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! R2 R(1,3) 1.2081 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! HOH A(2,1,3) 121.015 estimate D2E/DX2 !
Note that the labels "R1" and "R2" above were assigned by default. The coordinates R1=R(1,2) and R2=R(1,3) are parsed as pure distances and given here in Angstroms, and the HOH=A(2,1,3) is a pure valence angle in degrees.
# HF opt=readallgic
0 1
The first and the second expression in the example above define the symmetrized O-H bonds, and the third one is the H-O-H valence angle.
! Initial Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
-------------------------- --------------------------
! Name Definition Value Derivative Info. !
! OHSym1 GIC-1 3.3664 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! OHSym2 GIC-2 0.1377 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! HOH A(2,1,3) 121.015 estimate D2E/DX2 !
NOTE: GIC-type coordinates are in arbitrary units.
The coordinates OHSym1 and OHSym2 are parsed as generic GICs and therefore given here in arbitrary units. The units are actually Bohrs in this case because the 2-1/2 factor is taken as dimensionless and the values of R(1,2) and R(1,3) are taken in Bohrs.
# HF opt=readallgic
0 1
The GIC input section above defines two bond distances and one valence angle expressed via Cartesian coordinates. The coordinate A0 is defined as the dot-product (DotDiff) of the vectors R→12 and R→13 divided by the product of their lengths, and it is selected as "inactive" (i.e., excluded from the geometry optimization). An excerpt of the output with a table containing the initial values of the GICs is shown below.
! Initial Parameters !
! (Angstroms and Degrees) !
-------------------------- --------------------------
! Name Definition Value Derivative Info. !
! R12 GIC-1 2.4566 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! R13 GIC-2 2.2677 estimate D2E/DX2 !
! A213 GIC-3 2.0944 estimate D2E/DX2 !
NOTE: GIC-type coordinates are in arbitrary units.
The values of R12, R13, and the dot-product are calculated using the Cartesian coordinates given in Bohrs. The GIC arbitrary units are Bohrs (for R12 and R13) and radians (for A213).
The options that do not mention GIC and can be used with the Opt keyword should work as described—except for NoFreeze, which should not be combined with any GIC-related option. In the latter case, use the UnFreezeAll flag in the GIC input section, as described below.
This section discusses specifying generalized internal coordinates (GICs) in Gaussian input files. GICs have many potential uses: defining additional coordinates whose values are reported during geometry optimizations, freezing various structural parameters during the optimization of a molecular system, specifying parameters over which to perform a scan, defining constraints for geometry optimizations based on structural parameters or complex relationships between them, requesting calculation of parts of the Hessian, and other purposes.
The GIC input section is separated from the earlier input by a blank line. It has one or more lines containing coordinate definitions, expressions or standalone options. Here is a simple GIC input section for water illustrating some of the possible features:
R(1,2) Define a bond length coordinate for atoms 1 and 2
Bond2=R[1,3] Define another bond length coordinate named Bond2
HOH(freeze)=A(2,1,3) Define an optimization constraint: a bond angle coordinate named HOH (∠2-1-3)
For an optimization, these coordinates will result in the bond angle remaining fixed at its initial value and the two bond distances being optimized.
The basic form of a coordinate is the following:
All of the components are optional. In the preceding examples, all components were present only in the third line. The first line contained only a coordinate expression, while the second line also contained a label without options. Note that options may also be placed following the expression:
HOH=A(2,1,3) Freeze
Labels are user-assigned identifiers for the coordinate. They are not case sensitive. Labels many contain letters and number, but must begin with a letter. If no label is specified, a generic one will be assigned by the program (e.g., R1, R2, A1, etc.). A parenthesized, comma-separated list of options can be included following the label if desired. Note that square brackets or braces may be substituted for parentheses anywhere in a coordinate definition.
Coordinates are defined by expressions. The simplest expressions simply identify a specific structural parameter within the molecule, using the following constructs. Note that an asterisk may be used as a wildcard for any atom number (see the examples).
Define a bond coordinate between atoms i and j. B, Bond and Stretch are synonyms for R.
Define a non-linear angle coordinate involving atoms i, j and k where the angle vertex is at atom j. Angle and Bend are synonyms for A.
Define a dihedral angle between the plane containing atoms i, j and k and the plane containing atoms j, k and l. Dihedral and Torsion are synonyms for D.
Define the linear bend coordinate involving atoms i, j and k where the angle vertex is at atom j. Linear and LinearBend are synonyms for L.
A linear bend definition has two components, indicated by M values of -1 and -2 for the first and second components, respectively (no other values are permitted). A linear bend is specified by defining its two orthogonal directions. These can be indicated in two ways:
If l is set to -4, then the fourth atom will be determined automatically based on the molecular geometry.
Define the x Cartesian coordinate for atom i. Cartesian(i,-1) and Cartesian(i,X) are synonyms, and Cartesian may be abbreviated as Cart.
Define the y Cartesian coordinate for atom i. Cartesian(i,-2) and Cartesian(i,Y) are synonyms, and Cartesian may be abbreviated as Cart.
Define the z Cartesian coordinate for atom i. Cartesian(i,-3) and Cartesian(i,Z) are synonyms, and Cartesian may be abbreviated as Cart.
Define x, y or z Cartesian coordinate for the geometric center (centroid) of a molecular fragment that contains specified atoms. The atom list is a comma-separated list of atom numbers and/or ranges. For example, XCntr(1,12-15,27) defines the x coordinate of the fragment containing atoms 1, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 27. If the atom list is omitted, it defaults to the entire molecule.
Define the dot product (a·b) of the two Cartesian coordinate difference vectors a and b for atoms i, j, k and l determined as a = (Xi–Xj, Yi–Yj, Zi–Zj) and b = (Xk–Xl, Yk–Yl, Zk–Zl).
Complex expressions may be constructed by combining multiple items using one or more mathematical operations. The argument(s) A and B can be the labels of a previously defined coordinate, a valid GIC expression or even constants (integer or floating-point). The operation names are not case sensitive. The following operations are available:
Here are some simple examples which define symmetrized OH bonds in water:
RSym = (R12 + R13)/SQRT(2)
RASym = [Bond(1,2) - Bond(1,3)]/SQRT(2)
The first two coordinates are set as inactive since they are intermediates not intended to be used in the optimization. Line 3 illustrates an expression using previously defined labels, while line 4 shows the use of literal expressions with operators. Note that the argument to the square root function is the constant 2.
A comma separated list of options can follow the coordinate label, enclosed in parentheses. Alternatively, options may follow the expression, separated from it and from one another by spaces. All options are case insensitive.
For the purposes of geometry optimizations, a coordinate can be designated as:
In the descriptions that follow, coordinates that "already exist" refers to previously-defined coordinates with the same label or the same value expression. Such coordinates may have been defined earlier in the input stream or retrieved from the checkpoint file from a previous job.
If the specified coordinate does not already exist, build a new coordinate defined by the given expression, and flag it as active and unfrozen. If the coordinate was previously defined, then flag it as active and unfrozen (whatever its previous status). It is the default. Activate, Add and Build are synonyms for Active. May be abbreviated to A when specified following the expression.
Build a coordinate defined by the expression if it does not exist, and flag the coordinate as active for geometry optimizations and freeze it at the current value.Freeze is a synonym for Frozen. May be abbreviated to F when specified following the expression.
If the coordiante does not already exist, build a new coordinate defined by the expression and flag it inactive. If the coordinate with the given label or for the given expression has been already built and flagged as active (frozen or unfrozen), then remove it from the geometry optimization by flagging it as inactive. Remove is a synonym for Inactive. May be abbreviated to R when specified following the expression.
Remove the coordinate from the list of internal coordinates used in geometry optimization along with any dependent coordinates by flagging all of them as inactive. The dependent coordinates include any coordinate that depends on the same atoms as the given coordinate. For example, R(1,5) Kill will result in removing the coordinate R(1,5)—the internuclear distance between atoms 1 and 5—as well as the valence angles, dihedral angles and any other coordinate that depends on the Cartesian coordinates of atoms 1 and 5 in combination with other atoms in the molecule. RemoveAll is a synonym for Kill. May be abbreviated to K when specified following the expression.
Include the initial value of the coordinate in the starting geometry in the Gaussian output file, and the flag it as inactive).
A label must be included in the coordinate specification for this option. It replaces the old coordinate with the specified label with the new expression, and flags the newly modified coordinate as active and unfrozen.
Calculate numerical second derivatives for the row and column of the initial Hessian corresponding to this coordinate. May be abbreviated to D when specified following the expression.
Change the diagonal element for the given coordinate in the initial Hessian to x, a floating-point number in atomic units. ForceConstant is a synonym for FC.
Set the initial value for the given internal coordinate to x, a floating point value. The units for the value are those of the Gaussian program, as defined by the Units keyword (Angstroms or degrees by default). The current Cartesian coordinates will be adjusted to match this value as closely as possible. This option should be used cautiously and sparingly. It is far easier and more reliable to set the initial molecular structure as desired in a graphical environment like GaussView.
These options are used to specify a relaxed potential energy surface scan in which the coordinate is incremented by x a total of n times, and a constrained optimization is perfromed from each resulting starting geometry. x should be a positive floating-point number in atomic units, N should be an integer >1. When these options follow the expression, the comma separating them should be replaced by a space.
This option is used in combination with Active, Freeze or Inactive. It adds, freezes or makes inactive the coordinate when its value satisfies the condition min≤value≤max. min and max are floating-point numbers in the units defined by the Units (Angstroms or degrees by default). If Min or Max is omitted, the condition becomes value≤max or min≥min respectively. When these options follow the expression, the comma should be replaced by a space.
action OnlyIf condition
action IfNot condition
These options provide conditional coordinate operations. They can only be placed following the expression defining the current coordinate. Action is one of Active, Freeze or Inactive. The condition is a label or expression for another coordinate. The specified action will be performed for the current coordinate if the coordinate referred to in condition is active for OnlyIf or inactive for IfNot. Note that the conditional test applies only to the action specified preceding the option and not to other options that may be present in the coordinate specification.
The following options are independent of coordinate definitions and apply globally. They should be specified alone on their input line.
Freeze all internal coordinate previously added as active.
Unfreeze all internal coordinates previously added as active frozen.
Remove/inactivate all internal coordinate previously added as active (frozen or unfrozen).
Atom i action
Apply the specified action to the Cartesian coordinates of atom i. If i is an asterisk, then the action applies to all atoms. Action is one of Active, Freeze, UnFreeze, Remove (make inactive), RemoveAll and XYZOnly. These options are as defined above; XYZOnly says to remove any internal coordinates that depend on atom i but to add/retain the coordinates of that atom. The default action is Active.
The following example manipulates some automatically-generated coordinates, defines some new ones, and then uses wildcards to remove coordinates related to specific atoms:
R(5,9) freeze Freeze bond distance R(5,9).
R(8,9) Add a new active coordinate R(8,9) with a default label.
Ang189 = A(1,8,9) Add a new active coordinate A(1,8,9) labeled Ang189.
R10(remove) Remove a coordinate labeled R10.
Dih6123(remove) = D(6,1,2,3) If D(6,1,2,3) exists, then remove the coordinate.
Dis79(freeze) = R(7,9) Freeze the coordinate R(7,9): if it is new, then label it Dis79; if it already exists, retain the old label.
G1 = (R16+R19)*0.529177 Add a new coordinate labeled G1.
Ang189a(modify)=cos(g2)*57.29577951 Change the definition of coordinate Ang189a.
R(11,*) remove Remove distances between atom 11 and any other atom.
D(*,1,17,*) remove Remove any dihedral built around the 1-17 bond.
Note that if a specified coordinate already exists, then an entry adding it will result in an error (e.g., lines 1-3 above).
The following example first defines the centroids of two fragments. Then, it defines the interfragment distance as an optimization coordinate, setting its initial value to 5Å:
Define the center of Fragment 1, but don't include it in the optimization.
Define the center of Fragment 2, but don't include it in the optimization.
Define the distance F1-F2 in Angstroms, and include it in the optimization.
The following example requests a relaxed PES scan over the same coordinate:
The following example removes an angle coordinate generated by default if ≥179.9°, substituting a linear bend:
A(1,2,3) Remove Min=179.9 Remove angle coordinate if too large.
L(1,2,3,0,-1) Add IfNot A(1,2,3) Add linear bend only if the angle coordinate not active.
L(1,2,3,0,-2) Add IfNot A(1,2,3)
The following example removes an angle coordinate if it is ≤ the specified value, setting the corresponding force constant is set to 0.2 au. The latter applies whenever it is needed: as the initial force constant and the force constant to use should be variable be reactivated. The second line specifies the force constant for a bond coordinate:
A(1,2,3) Remove Min=3.139847 ForceConstant=0.2
The following example sets the force constants for various coordinates. It also inactivates bond angle coordinates ≥ 179.8°:
A(*,*,*) R Min=179.8
In the current implementation, GICs can be successfully used for many purposes including optimization constraints and PES scans. However, there are potential problems with active composite coordinates including multiple dihedral angles. In general, coordinates comprised of combinations of bond distances and bond angles should behave well. Simple dihedral angles are also welll supported. Complex expressions involving multiple dihedral angles are acceptable for frozen coordinates and for PES scans. However, they should be avoided as active optimization coordinates.
In a non-GIC optimization, or one using GICs with only regular dihedrals, then the program is careful about the periodicity of these coordinates. For example, in deciding whether a step in the geometry is too big and needs to be scaled back, it recognizes that a change in value from 1 degree to 359 degrees is really a change of -2 degrees rather than 358 degrees. Similarly, in numerically differentiating the forces in order to update the Hessian, displacements between geometries in internal coordinates are needed, and the periodicity is accounted for. A problem can arise when a GIC is a combination of parts for which such periodicity is important, typically, combinations of multiple dihedral angles. For example, consider these GICs:
D1 and D2 are dihedral angles, but they are intermediates and are not used as variables in the optimization. Their periodicity is not currently recognized in the composite coordinate V1. Suppose they have values of 1 and 2 degrees at one geometry and 1 and 359 degress at the next. The change in the optimization variable V1 should be 0 + 2*(-3) = -6 degrees, but it is actually 0 + 2*(357) = 714 degrees, which looks like an enormous change. This will result in the optimization algorithm performing very poorly. V1 isn't a simple periodic function; it is necessary to apply periodicity to its component parts as it is computed, which is not done in the current GIC implementation.
The values of the GICs defined as pure distances and angles (including valence angles, linear bends and dihedral angles/torsions) are computed from the Cartesian coordinates in atomic units (Bohrs) and stored internally in Bohrs and radians. However, for the user's convenience, they are expressed as usual in Angstroms and degrees in the Gaussian output. In the case of a generic GIC (i.e., when the GIC is not a pure Cartesian coordinate, bond distance or angle), the GIC value is computed as a function of Cartesian coordinates and bond distances in Bohrs and angles in radians, combined with optional constants in user-defined units. Such generic GIC values (labeled as GIC) are computed, stored and output in these same units: i.e., if the GIC is a combination of bonds or a combination of valence angles, then the arbitrary units become Bohrs for the bonds and radians for the angles.
Modifications to the GICs can be read in using the ModRedundant format from the current internal coordinate algorithm. However, the old format is only available with the GICs that include only pure bond distances, bond angles or torsion angles. In addition, the old format and the new GIC format described above cannot be mixed together in the same input section.
Last updated on: 05 January 2017. [G16 Rev. A.03]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Premium Stainless Steel Knock Box Drawer for Coffee GroundsThe CoffeeLink
Premium Stainless Steel Knock Box Drawer for Coffee Grounds:
- Premium grade brushed stainless steel finish knock box.
- Box construction - no rollers
- Wrapped stainless steel, smooth finish with soft edges.
- Knock bar housing is extremely secure with 6 fixings each side.
- Knock box feet are fitted/fixed with screws not glued.
- Silicon type compound knock bar for silent operation and long-life.
- Ventilation holes mean no mouldy coffee pucks
- Seat your grinder on top of this knock box without the grinder tray. You can then simply sweep any loose coffee grounds through the holes and into the drawer.
Drawer: Dimensions:
Height: 106mm x width 258mm x depth 382mm
Weight: 4KG
Bar: 250mm x 34mm diameter


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Try out with us
Beginners are welcome to try out with us. The first session is free. Please complete the trial form to provide us with your details in advance of your visit.
Join us
Out to Swim membership gives you access to synchronised swimming as well as swimming, open water and water polo. See Join Us! for details of membership options and to sign up.


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This creation is a unique signature piece and is accompanied by a certificate of authentication attesting to its' composition and non-reproduction.
When you're by my side, the sun feels warmer.
When you're in my arms, the moon lights our path.
When you're in my heart, we "Flourish"! - Styve
This wonderful handmade .999 fine silver pendant produces a dramatic statement with its' amazing Labradorite gemstone. This gemstone produces a gradient of green, to gold, to blue flashes depending on the viewing angle.
The gemstone is surrounded by multi-dimensional flowing ribbons that represent the growth of things to come. From elegant to shabby chic this piece fits any occasion, reflecting the light of the wearers soul. The reverse of this pendant is beautifully decorated with a heart representing the beauty of the unseen. For Love does not need to be seen to be known.
This piece has a medium patina (oxidized) producing the effect of a newly discovered ancestral heirloom.
The .925 sterling silver chain attaches with a beautiful decorative hand formed fine silver wire hook clasp.
All I need to "Flourish", is you…
Pendant Length: 6 cm / 2.36"
Pendant width: 4 cm / 1.57"
Necklace: 45.7 cm / 20"


text: Putt your way through the highly anticipated sequel to one of the hottest minigolf games available for download, 3D Ultra MiniGolf Adventures 2! Swing through 50+ fun-filled courses loaded with challenging obstacles including moving platforms, surprise traps, or tricky jumps. Be the first to discover secret "hole-in-one" shots that seem virtually impossible! It's a race to the finish as you play through a myriad of competitions based in imaginative locations, from the ghostly Haunted Manor to a Manic Museum, or even a snow-filled Winter Wonderland! Step onto the green, and prove that your MiniGolf skills are up to par!


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Opened 15 years ago
Closed 15 years ago
Last modified 15 years ago
#413 closed defect (wontfix)
Proposal: function to help gecko when unhidding the editor
|Reported by:
|didier Belot
|Owned by:
|Xinha Core
With gecko based browser, when Xinha is used in a tabbed form which need to hide the editor, it doesn't works after being visible again.
One solution is to switch it to source mode, then back to html mode, and then it works again.
So, I propose to add a little function to htmlarea.js. Here is a patch for this:
--- src/xinha/xinha/htmlarea.js 2005-07-23 17:18:38.000000000 +0200 +++ js/xinha/htmlarea.js 2005-07-24 21:09:24.000000000 +0200 @@ -2000,6 +2000,14 @@ } }; +// helper func for gecko unhidding the editor +HTMLArea.prototype.geckoUnhide = function() { + if(this.is_gecko && this._editMode=='wysiwyg') { + this.setMode('textmode'); + this.setMode('wysiwyg'); + } +}; + HTMLArea.prototype.setFullHTML = function(html) { var save_multiline = RegExp.multiline; RegExp.multiline = true; @@ -5491,4 +5499,4 @@ } HTMLArea.init(); -HTMLArea.addDom0Event(window,'unload',HTMLArea.collectGarbageForIE); \ No newline at end of file. +HTMLArea.addDom0Event(window,'unload',HTMLArea.collectGarbageForIE);
Change History (2)
comment:1 Changed 15 years ago by gogo
- Resolution set to wontfix
- Status changed from new to closed
Don't think the core is the place for this.
In any case, the correct method for altering styles (inherited or otherwise) of the editor in gecko is to deactivateEditor() before changing and activateEditor() after changing. This is a bug in gecko.
comment:2 Changed 15 years ago by didier Belot
Ok. Sorry for not having correctly searched before (#367).
Maybe this can be an entry in the FAQ (such as Browsers bugs and workaround) ?


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Councillor for Aldenham East
I first became a Councillor for Aldenham East ward in 2006 and have worked across the Planning, Performance, Housing, Community Safety and Communications portfolios.
I'm a father of four and have lived in Radlett for 15 years with my wife. I'm a full time Chartered Accountant and enjoy cycling, watching football and spending time with my family. I regularly take part in charity bike rides, raising money for charities supporting people with learning disabilities and requiring care.


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Special Newsletter: August 2016
Sustainable Wells is delighted to be working once again with the organisers of the Wells Food Festival. This year we are running the 'Food for Thought' marquee, which will be bursting with bite sized pieces of juicy information for you to devour.
As a starter: We will be celebrating good food and tantalising your taste buds to see if you can recognise herbs and spices blind folded, there will be interactive cooking displays from young people showing off their skills and you will find out which local supermarket is best at reducing food waste!!
For the main course: What is there not to love about wonky veg?? Do bring along your examples to show off. We will also ask you to vote on which cake, made with vegetables, tastes the best.
Many say that eating organic food is too expensive and out of reach for many. What do you think? Come along and share your ideas for eating on a budget or to find out more.
Plus plus plus!! Can you guess the carbon foot print of foods you eat?
Finally for dessert: We are also very excited to offer the human fruit machine, a must see and lots of fun.
Advance notice!!
Always jam tomorrow…? Actually, why not make some today, while local fruit is plentiful and delicious? There's nothing better to lift the spirits on dark winter days that the tart tang of damsons or the sweetness of raspberries… And if it turns out really well you'll be able to enter it in the 'Food for Thought' jam competition at Wells Food Festival. More details nearer the time, but the most important thing is that you get jamming now! Killens have kindly offered to auction off all of the entries at the end of the festival to raise funds for Sustainable Wells' energy saving projects, so make plenty for yourself as well!
There are the minimum of rules – jam should be made from local produce, in a 1lb jam jar and labelled with the type of jam but nothing that identifies the maker. And then watch this space for entry details.
For more information: http://wellsfoodfestival.co.uk/ and www.sustainablewells.org.uk
Coffee Granules!!
Gardeners will appreciate this free resource available from many places in Wells. Used coffee granules will help keep those pesky snails and slugs at bay and enrich your soil.
Just go a long with a container and pick up your free used coffee granules from:
Kitty Banks, Market Square
Square Edge, Market Square
The Liberty, Sadler Street
The Good Earth
Costa Coffee
West Cornwall Pasties
Coffee No.1,
Energy Group
The energy group is currently supporting the Wells Neighbourhood Plan and are proposing the following ideas for inclusion:
• electric car charging points in the council's car parks
• Commitment to all new homes to attain as close to net zero carbon homes as practically possible including installation of heat network.
• Introduction to community garden on new estates for growing food.
• Wells city centre high street a pedestrianised road – potentially trying it on market days to start with (Wednesday and Saturday).
• Water installation from the Wells outside the town hall with seating that can be moved on market days (a competition to design that is sponsored by business) and with music that highlights the school and cathedral.
• Continuous cycle routes that join up all the new estates (Glastonbury and Wookey) and potentially the villages.
• Retrofit current housing stock to highest energy efficiency standard for listed/ preserved buildings when renovated as part of permission.
• Actively encourage appropriately-sited, renewable energy in area.
• Plan to plant trees to green the neighbourhood – right tree in right place – again sponsored by local business.
• ample bicycle parking with shelter.
• Drinking water fountains added around the city
• Mixed use recycle bins around the city.
• Priority parking for those who have 2 or more in car.
All are welcome to attend this lively group and the next meeting is 9.30am Saturday
17th September upstairs in Pickwicks. For more information contact Maddy Milnes
email@example.com 01749 676486


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So excited! I can't describe how good it feels to hold a copy of your own book, even if it's only the first proof, even if you can see minor defects on the cover that you instantly want to fix. The interior formatting looks AWESOME–I love how it all turned out! My pencil drawings look great in print and the font is clear and easy to read. I used 12 Garamond, very professional looking.
So for my list of things to be thankful for this year, I am thankful for all the writers out there who have gone through this journey already and have offered many words of advice–thank you! I'm thankful for the support of my family, in particular my daughter who is excited to tell her friends that her mom is an 'author', lol. And I'm thankful the the technology that allows this new renaissance in publishing and sharing of the written word.
So a very Happy Thanksgiving to all!


text:
On a three month moving average, (3MMA) basis, March total carbon steel shipments averaged 147,286 tons per day, compared to 162,819 tons per day in March 2018 (-9.5 % year on year, (y/y).
Figure 1 shows percentage change results for shipments, daily intake and inventory level. In all cases the percentage change references 3MMA y/y. For shipments and inventory, three columns of data are listed offering 12, 24 and 36 month changes.
All products groups posted y/y decreased intake %. All carbon products reported an 11.7% Bar and Shapes y/y shipments fell 12.0%. Plate recorded a decline of 13.0% y/y. Structurals, (> or = 3 inch) 3MMA y/y shipments decreased by 7.3% y/y.
Overall inventory levels decreased in all product lines y/y except Structurals, (> or = 3 inch) at 4.0% y/y and Carbon Plate at 7.3% y/y. All carbon products decreased inventory by 4.0% y/y, Bar and shapes inventory was down slightly at 0.6% y/y, Carbon pipe and tube was down 5.6% y/y and Carbon sheet declined by 6.3%.
Intake was higher across the board, (+2.2%) except for Pipe & Tube which declined by 9.5%, 3MMA y/y. Bar and Shapes intake surged by 17.4% y/y, as Sheet moved-up by 2.2% y/y. Structurals intake rose 0.7% y/y, while Plate intake moved higher by 8.2% y/y.
At Gerdau we scrutinize the MSCI release every month searching for clues on the industry's performance. It's important to us as a significant supplier of long steel products to our service center customers. It's equally important to keep our steel consuming consumers informed.


text:
Bikers, Bros and Bo would like to sponsor a Military/Veterans Family for Christmas
Application Form
Please download the PDF here . Then please mail to:
Bikers Bros and Bo
P.O. Box 391
Dellslow, WV 26531
Please fill out the form below if you have any questions about being a sponsor.


text:
*Subject to a £1.50 ticketing system charge. We don't charge this to make a profit. Find out more >>
Sculpture From Life
Half Day Workshop
Work from a model to develop your own sculpting style.
Course Tutor: Sarah John
BA Hons Applied Arts (Ceramics)/PTLLS
Sarah is a practising ceramics and fine artist and is a regular tutor at Exeter Phoenix. Observation of human and natural form (in both 2D and 3D media) has remained central to her interests. Sarah focuses on learning 'ways to see', that are key for expressing the world of form around us, and on sharing skills and techniques in an informal atmosphere, which bring out the best creative ideas.
What previous participants enjoyed most about this course/class:
"Lovely friendly, relaxed atmosphere perfect to have a go… Thank you."
"Great feedback and support. Calm, friendly atmosphere Thank you for a very enjoyable afternoon."
"Great teaching, great model, lovely space."


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Personal Injury
Personal injuries are any harmful act, whether intentional or accidental, and can occur under many different circumstances. Serious personal injuries can cause extreme disruption of normal, everyday life due to serious injury, loss of income, hospital bills, and other mental hardships. Our team of personal injury attorneys at Tobias, McCormick & Comer are knowledgeable, compassionate and determined to make things right for you.
In Alabama, personal injury cases must be filed within two years of the date of your accident so it is important to contact an attorney as soon as possible. Our attorneys and legal team are skilled at handling all manner of injury cases, including, but not limited:Personal Injury
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD), there are more than 100,000 accidents each year including unintentional injuries, motor vehicle accidents and all other accidents. Accidents can occur virtually anywhere due to defective products, dangerous surroundings and negligence. When in a serious accident, documenting as much of the scene as possible with pictures and/or video, and contacting an attorney immediately is very important. Tobias, McCormick & Comer will work with you to gather key evidence and provide valuable advice on how to document the accident.Defective Products
People are harmed or killed everyday because of defective products. A product is seen as defective if it is unreasonably dangerous, does not carry sufficient warnings or the manufacturer fails to provide complete and adequate instructions for use of the product. If defective, machinery, toys, sports equipment and other products can cause serious harm or even death.Trucking Accidents
An accident involving an eighteen-wheeler or other commercial truck can be much more severe than a more common car accident. According to the Insurance institute to Highway Safety (IIHS) most deaths in large trucks crashes are passenger vehicle occupants. Due to the size of a large commercial truck, a collision involving such a vehicle is likely to result in serious, even fatal, injury. If you or a loved one has been injured by a truck accident, you may be entitled to financial compensation for the victim.Maritime Injury
The attorneys of Tobias, McCormick & Comer have significant experience in the areas of maritime personal injury, including successful representation of catastrophically injured seamen and longshoremen.Wrongful Death
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD), accidents are the 5th leading cause of death in the U.S. Wrongful death claims can arise from medical negligence, automobile or trucking accidents, defective products, and the list goes on.Auto Accidents
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, more than 30,000 fatal automobile accidents occur each year. When a person suffers from a serious motor vehicle crash, it can be confusing and scary. It is important to contact an attorney immediately so that all evidence can be obtained in a timely manner.Alcohol and Drug Related Injuries
Many substances can impair driving, including alcohol, some over-the-counter and prescription drugs, and illegal drugs. Those who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whether obtained legally or illegally, pose a danger to themselves, their passengers, and other road users.Workplace Accidents
We represent victims injured in workplace accidents, including workplace injuries caused by defective products and third party negligence.Premises Liability
Property owners have a responsibility to keep their property safe and warn visitors of any potential hazards. If they fail to do so, they can be held liable for any injuries that result. This includes workplace and construction site injuries, amusement park accidents, slip-and-fall accidents, and accidental drowning. Injuries can range from a broken bone to a traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, or even wrongful death. If you sustained an injury on another person's property, keep records of the scene of the accident and of your injury. It is best to hire an attorney right away to help with collecting evidence and filing charges.Burn Injury
Burn injuries are some of most catastrophic personal injuries suffered and are often the result of a wide variety of events, ranging from residential fires to car accidents to workplace explosions. At Tobias, McCormick & Comer, our Mobile burn injury lawyers have handled burn injuries involving numerous causes, including apartment fires, building fires, workplace explosions, maritime and tanker explosions, motor vehicle accidents, and defective products.


text:
Funeral Flowers
|Akkerman Ingebrand Funeral Home
|825 Union St S Mora, MN. 55051
|(763) 679-1933
|Methven Funeral Homes
|111 Maple Ave E Mora, MN. 55051
|(320) 679-1822
|Carlson Labatte Funeral Home
|311 Ashland St S Cambridge, MN. 55008
|(763) 689-2244
|Strike Funeral Home
|720 1st Ave E Cambridge, MN. 55008
|(763) 689-2070
|Dresser Methven Funeral Svc
|402 Lawler Ave S Hinckley, MN. 55037
|(320) 384-6291
|Strike Funeral Svc
|Po Box 37 Isanti, MN. 55040
|(763) 444-5212
|Mille Lacs Funeral Home
|Po Box 272 Isle, MN. 56342
|(320) 676-3300
|Peterson-Johnson Funeral Home
|260 Central Ave S Milaca, MN. 56353
|(320) 983-3488
|Swanson Funeral Chapel
|665 3rd Ave W Pine City, MN. 55063
|(320) 629-3120
|Williams Dingman Funeral Home
|205 La Grande Ave S Princeton, MN. 55371
|(763) 389-1131
|Olson Funeral Chapel
|Po Box 441 Rush City, MN. 55069
|(320) 358-4735
|Methven Dresser Funeral Svc
|Po Box 290 Sandstone, MN. 55072
|(320) 245-2376
A funeral for a friend or loved one can be difficult, but funeral flowers from DANDELION FLORAL & GIFTS of Mora, MN can help begin the healing process. Funeral flowers provide the opportunity to express how much the departed means to you. Celebrate the life of your loved one with one of the beautiful funeral flower arrangements found here such as: Classic Remembrance Urn, Mixed Flowers Sympathy Tribute or one of our standing sprays. Browse our funeral flowers page to find the perfect sympathy arrangement and place your order online. You can also call and speak with a designer at DANDELION FLORAL & GIFTS in Mora, MN for funeral flowers just as unique as your friend or loved one.


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Read this tip to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know about Discount Eyeglasses and other Eye Glasses topics.
High-tech. Glamorous. That combination can put your ideal glasses out of reach financially. You might buy high-tech discount eyeglasses, or glamorous discount glasses. But high-tech and glamorous cheap eye glasses? Dream on, right?
Actually, most eyeglasses are high tech, involving careful craftsmanship in lenses and frames. The outward styling may not be glamorous, but high-tech approaches create more attractive glasses, even cheap eyeglasses, every day. Irish Eyes discount eye glasses are sophisticated in appearance and technology, as sleek as Calvin Klein frames. Irish Eyes, Calabria and ICU are high-quality discount eyeglasses that marry glamour and technology.
|Guru Spotlight
|Susan Sayour


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OMG. I DIE. Kim's look is downright sickening. the neutral color palette. THE luscious FUR. i cannot. speak. She's also rocking a pair of Zanotti's designed by West for his line. Say what u want about this woman, but she looks ah-mazing. i've always been #TeamKimK
Stars such as the naturally gorgeous Alicia Keys and Swiss Beats, Common, Big Sean & Teyana Taylor made appearances.
Alicia looks divine below in black, with Rosario Dawson rocking a white ensemble.
Here are my favorite pix from Kanye West's Autumn/Winter 2012 line below! HIS LINE IS EXTRAORDINARY!!!! My ultimate favorite is the sheer long sleeved black top with the fur bottom, picture No. 14, six pictures down as well as picture No. 18.
[photos courtesy of nowfashion.com and necolebitchie.com, as watermarked].
x, loves ;)


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"You better watch out,
You better not cry,
you better not pout, I'm telling you why….
Santa Claus is coming to town…
Ever wonder how our modernized Santa Claus ended up with many of the same attributes as God? Not only some attributes, but Santa also has the same judgmental, "you'll get what you deserve" attitude that many Christians mistakenly believe about our Father God.
I think our modern, commercial, very American Santa, is a bit of a stalker. He watches us when we are sleeping, and knows when we're awake? For a jolly fat guy who is supposed to love children and bring them their most desired gifts, his love seems rather conditional and based solely on a child's performance.
Our modern Santa is a total contrast to the real St Nicholas. We know very little about St. Nicholas and legends about him abound. He was born in A.D. 280 in what is now modern Turkey, to Nona and Epiphanius. His parents were neither poor, nor rich, but devoted Christians during a time of persecution. He was named after, and educated by his uncle Nicholas, who was a Priest. His parents died while he was quite young and left him a modest inheritance. He followed in his uncles footsteps and also became a Priest. History tells us that at one time he was imprisoned for his faith.
He became a legend for championing the cause for the poor and needy. As is typical for Christian legends, much about him was paganized, while paganized pieces about him became Christianized. His legend grew to include various methods of transportation to serve the poor, and his legend was carried worldwide. At first banned by the Puritans, the Dutch colony would later keep St. Nicholas alive. Our first written record of him dates back to December 23, 1773, almost one-hundred-fifty years after the Dutch brought him to New York City. Interesting to note, the tradition of the Dutch is to exchange gifts one week preceding Christmas, keeping the day of Christs' birth separate and holy.
St. Nicholas pointed to Christ, and he had the heart of Christ in his service to the poor and needy. He didn't reward the good and punish the bad, but he sought to reflect the love of the Christ, by caring for the needs of the poor.
This is the first year I have really embraced Advent, and in doing so, I have embraced the anticipation and reverence of what the birth of the God-Man means to me, and to humanity. I think I have a tiny taste of what the Jews must have felt as they waited for the promised Messiah. Yet, so many looked right into His eyes, yet never saw Him; listened to Him speak, but never understood His words.
So it is with so many Christians today.
Just like Santa Claus, we come to Him believing that He will "reward" those who believe, yet they live in fear that if they do something wrong, He will remove all of His promised gifts.
He will remove Himself.
I can't help but wonder if our Americanized/ modernized version of God and Santa Claus have influenced by each other.
Our society is performance oriented – much of the world is. You have to strive to get an education, strive to get a job, strive to get promotions, strive to make a good salary. Persecution of minorities, and majorities abound… The list goes on and on.
We come to Christ like children, eager to learn about the God who accepts us as we are, and loves us unconditionally. But all too soon, performance requirements enter in – either placed upon us by our peers, church, or by ourselves. We learn the bible and in our own interpretations of the scriptures, work towards becoming what we think we now have to become.
We forget what the story is really about. We forget who we are, and who we are in Christ.
We begin to fear that God is displeased with our performance. Maybe now, I am on His naughty list, maybe I need to go to the altar and get it right, or work harder at changing who I am. Maybe I got the wrong tree.
After all, He sees me when I'm sleeping, He knows when I'm awake, and He knows if I've been bad or good, so be good…
We are given the free gift of Christ but our nature to strive takes over. We are set up as young children to "be good" or be left out.
God walked with Adam and Eve in the Garden totally accepted and at peace. All of life was a gift to them.
A gift.
They didn't need to work, compete, strive, or perform.
They knew beyond a shadow of a doubt that God loved them, wholly, and completely.
Then that all ended, and when it did, life was no longer lived as a gift. Sin brought in the pain of strife, work, competition, death, fear, rejection, performance…
For thousands of years all of humanity held their breath as they waited for the promised Messiah to come, and change the rules that were set in motion on that terrible day. One day, born in a stable, it happened – Immanuel. God with us.
Jesus Christ came to take away the barrier of that prevented us from living our lives as a gift.
The effects of sin – the toil of living in this fallen, difficult world will be with us until the end of the time, but the spiritual work is abolished!
From his birth in a humble barn, to serving, healing, feeding, caring for, and teaching others, He lived a life of simple humility. As St. Nicholas pointed to Jesus, the Christ pointed to the love of the Father. He modeled being connected to the Father simply by who He was.
And then He told us we also are children of God, and that Abba, Daddy, our Father – adores us. Whether or not we are good or bad, we are accepted in the Beloved when we place our total trust in Him.
All around the world we see the word "Believe" in reference to Santa Claus, but God is saying to us "believe."
The cross is not covered by a Santa's hat, but by a crown of thorns.
Nothing can separate us from the love of God. Ever.
His gift to us this Holy season is His presence.


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Product Details
• 100% chino cotton twill • Unstructured, 6-panel, low-profile • 3 ⅛" crown • Adjustable strap with antique buckle • Head circumference: 20 ½" - 21 ⅝"
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Thursday, October 5, 2017
Don't Lose Heart
2 Corinthians 4:16-18 "Therefore we do not lose heart. Though outwardly we are wasting away, yet inwardly we are being renewed day by day. For our light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all. So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen, since what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal."
What is it that keeps you going in the day to day struggles of life? As a believer, I hope your strength is acknowledged by you, as from God alone. We all deal with trials of our own and of others, but do we cling to God and His promises or abandon His Word for our own ideas? The verses above aren't limited to physical illness, but include all things that bring us down into despair. Our trials differ and yet our own struggles can be our source to encourage others.
2 Corinthians 4:13-15 "Since we have that same spirit of faith, we also believe and therefore speak, because we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus from the dead will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you to himself. All this is for your benefit, so that the grace that is reaching more and more people may cause thanksgiving to overflow to the glory of God."
Strength comes from the hope we believe in through Christ's resurrection. We are not suffering in vain, but for God's glory to be revealed. Romans 8:18 "I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us." 1 Corinthians 15:52-54 " For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. For the perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality. When the perishable has been clothed with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality, then the saying that is written will come true: "Death has been swallowed up in victory." 1 Corinthians 15:58 "Therefore, my dear brothers and sisters, stand firm. Let nothing move you. Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain." "The hope of the resurrection will encourage us in a suffering day, and set us above the fear of death; for what reason has a good Christian to fear death, that dies in hope of a joyful resurrection?" [M.Henry]
Do you believe suffering can be a blessing? "It is our happiness if the decays of the outward man do contribute to the renewing of the inward man, if afflictions outwardly are gain to us inwardly, if when the body is sick, and weak, and perishing, the soul is vigorous and prosperous." [M.Henry] Our personal relationship with God and His Word can encourage us and renew our spirits daily. Satan wants us to focus on our temporary pain and not the eternal work that God is doing thru our sufferings. Our sanctification is not a smooth journey, but a testing of our faith as we become who God intended us to be.
As for myself, I try to enjoy life with heaven in mind. I know that the things that hinder me now will not last forever, so I try to make the best of this life He gave me. Hinderences are not just physical, but spiritual chains of sin as well. My day to day struggles have become more evident, but the faith in my soul has prospered even more so.
Heaven's promises will far outweigh our earthly struggles.
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arian company
arian raisins
Arian Trading
Buy Raisins
Iran Export Raisins
Contact Us
Tel: +982166887973
Fax: +982166355975
Mobail: +989123483002
Confabulating with friends
In today's economy world, money and authority are the first and the last words and human features are going to be cadence every day but there are some people yet who don't think only to the money and dignity
In the past economical agencies have done only their economic job but politic is mixed with economy and made it devious. I as an operator of this collection have always tried to separate this two kinds from each other and only think to the economic issues and entrust politic to the politician and proceed on my own economical job.
دThe most important goal which this collection follows and is not related to the blue moon and short time purposes is this that by observing truth, moral and well-intentioned tenet, this collection should attempt to taking profit for entente transaction and for reaching economic benefits should not demolish everything , because we believe that , if God enliven mankind , does not want only his encomium and praying, but wants him the most important human dignity which is helping to the fellowman , because dedication to the others is very difficult job especially if you want desist your wealth toward helping others. May be we could not do this but dear friends, be sure that we will do all our efforts in any way we can and recommend and those who are operative in this collection should be favorable with company work politic. I hope that you encourage us in this way and do not repent by collaboration us.
Iranian raisins include
raisins sun mad
Golden Raisin
Raisin Sultana
is. The cities of Iran are specially for raisins, the most prominent of which are Bonab, Malekan, Malayer, Takestan and Kashmar. Each city is more known in a raisin type:
- Bonbon Golden Raisin or Malekan
- Sultana Raisins and raisins acid Malayer, Takestan
- Green Kashmar Raisin
- Dry sun raisin of Takestan and Malayer
To order any of the following methods can with raisins Now if available. Email and submit your request according to the following
- Type raisins with required degree
- How much raisin is requested
- Shipping method
- Delivery time
- Email: email@example.com
- sending freight to all parts of the world with coordination and compromise of purchasers
- merchandise packing based on customers' request
responding to the customers during the week even holidays
- The price of raisins is based on the factory's door
- The cost of transportation is the responsibility of the customer
- For delivery of raisins in the destination country, all costs are borne by the buyer
- If the customer requests the delivery of raisins in the destination country, all affairs will be done by the trading team.Receiving health permits and exporting is done by the seller
- aisins quality assurance is delivered with the customer's request to the seller
- The cost of sending raisins to all countries is with the customer
- You benefit from our strength
iranian golden raisins
Exports of iranian golden raisins to European countries include Germany, Spain, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, Armenia and Arab
countries such as Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE by this unit of production. We make the best quality with the export of different sizes with your request
Raisins export to Iran of items considered important. That is why the Iranian raisin prices cheaper than other countries in the region. In general, the kind of weather that Iran is an important agricultural area in the Asian region is considered. An additional benefit is that the value of Iran's currency against the dollar and the euro are very low and because of the high volume of sales of raisins done.
Most of Iran's exports of raisins, iranian golden raisins and raisins acid or Polowi respectively. The best golden raisins are for Bonab and Malekan. This raisin has the best quality to export. Contact us to be informed of the price of raisins for export.
- Stay with us to see our performance.
The company purposes
Arian commercial company have set its blue moon and short time goals based on mutual confidence between producer and customer and with stable cooperation development , and tries to without considering religious and race discord attempt to bilateral efficacious. We believe that global economic contemplates just and just customer and customer will cause development of each economical organ, so , this company along its blue
moon goals will apply all its effort in order to find and keep its customers and you will see in our behavior and our proceeds.
Arian commercial by studies and scientific researches with analyzing global market in order to reach its short time goals, tries to simplify transaction way by feasibility study and prioritizing customers' demands, substructure recognition, other countries competitive potential and identification of available difficulties and barriers in external business, so by this way consolidate transaction relation and represent special services to its customers.
Contact Us
Tel: +982166355498
Tel: +982166887973
Fax: +982166355975
Mobile: +989123483002
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Amir rasouli
Floor: 1
Ave: Jihoon
Before: st. Komail
Management :
Mr: Amir rasouli


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Saturday night is Hockey Night in Whistler this week, with the University of British Columbia Thunderbirds taking on the University of Calgary Dinos at Meadow Park arena.
A year ago, UBC battled conference rivals at University of Alberta to a 1-1 tie before a sold-out arena, and were awarded a standing ovation for an outstanding hockey game.
The Blue and Gold look stronger than in many years this season, led by former Vancouver Giants captain Nick Marach and former coach Milan Dragicevic. In their season opener, a sold-out exhibition game against the Vancouver Canucks Prospects, T-birds goalie Robert Filc managed to stop 29 of just 32 allowed shots to lose a respectable 3-0.
Last weekend, the T-birds went 1-1-0 in the annual University of Alberta Brick Invitational, scoring 11 goals in two games. Third-year forward Derek Dinelle led the way with a hat trick and an assist in an 8-3 victory over the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology and had another goal in UBCs 4-3 overtime loss to Mount Royal. Dinelle won the Canada West Player of the Week award for his efforts.
The Calgary Dinos also went 1-1 in the tournament, beating SAIT 5-4 and losing to Mount Royal 7-6.
The two teams are playing their first game this Friday at UBC, before coming to Whistler.
Although its an exhibition game and looks like a good match-up on paper, UBC is not taking this series lightly.
"Calgary has a big team, theyre very physical and theyre very skilled. Theyve geared their team this year towards being fast and aggressive, and they were one of the better teams in the league last year, so we definitely have our hands full," says Dragicevic.
While UBC finished at the bottom of the Canada West Conference Mountain Division last season, things are looking up for the T-birds.
"The willingness of our guys to compete this year has to be a strength, and our goaltending has been second to none Filc has been our MVP for the past two years," says Dragicevic.
"We also have a strong supporting cast of forwards returning. Were emphasizing a lot of speed and better defence.
"We have to play a strong team if we want to compete."
While the good showing against the Canucks Prospects was encouraging, Dragicevic says its difficult to use that game as an accurate gauge of his teams abilities.
"There is a lot to play for in that game with the media being there and playing against some very high profile players. It kind of picks up the tempo for every individual on our team."
Back to back games with Calgary will give Dragicevic a better "evaluation tool" to see where players fit into the roster. He also believes a little rivalry will help to bring out the best in his team.
"Theres only seven teams in this league, so when youre playing against a team four or five times throughout the year, it kind of intensifies because every game is like a playoff game. Even in exhibition, guys are competing for jobs and line combinations are being figured out. Every game is a crucial game."
Marach could miss these games for UBC as a result of talks with teams in the American Hockey League this week.
Look for a strong goaltending performance from Filc and leadership from returning forwards Nils Anton and Dinelle to set the pace for the T-birds.
"Anton is our top scorer from last year, number 27. Hes always fun to watch when he has the puck," says Dragicevic. "Dinelle is a fan favourite, a hard-nosed, big winger who is very physical and doesnt skate by a check, so I think hes somebody the fans should take a look at."
Complete rosters for the game will be available on the program distributed on Saturday night.
The game is a fundraiser for the Whistler Minor Hockey Association and an inspiration for young players. With automatic ejections for fights and possible suspensions from the league, university calibre players are harder to intimidate and tend to focus more on skills and speed to win games.
The game starts at 6:45 p.m. on Saturday, Sept. 21, and tickets are available at Meadow Park arena. The cost is $10 for adults, $5 for children and $20 for families.
Minor Hockey will also be conducting other fundraising activities during the evening, including a puck toss between periods and a 50-50 draw.
Last years exhibition was standing room only, so get there early.


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Princess 115mm SH PF - Black
IDR 1,845,000.00 IDR 4,100,000.00Size Guide
Princess 115mm Skinny Heels . Upper Black Leather.
Lining Vegan Suede. Sole All Leather.
What makes NILUH DJELANTIK shoes unique is that they are handmade with love in Bali by our artisans. Each of them have perfected their workmanship for 30 years on average.
Hand sewn for comfort and durability.
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We source only the best material to make long lasting shoes that will fit.
Got any special needs, non symmetrical feet ? Request for a special color or event ? Contact us to see if we can make a pair just for you.


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11 Jan 19
Round 3 in the Maiden Marine Timber Trials Series is open for entries now across the four classes of 60cm, 75cm 85cm and 95Plus cm. Tickets are available to purchase in the SHOP at the usual competitively priced £15.00 per class. The season ticket for 8 rounds at just £12 remains open. Blackdyke Farm Competition Club members may also use the voucher code BDFCC at checkout to gain a further £2 per round discount.
The Schools, Open Team and Individual leader boards will be updated very soon.


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Amazon is preparing to enter the mobile payments market, reportedly working to get retailers to accept Amazon Pay as a payment method.
The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, reported Amazon wants the service to be expanded beyond making payments online. The paper reported that Amazon in its initial push and has been working with gas stations, restaurants and local merchants that aren't competing directly with Amazon. A person familiar with the matter told the Wall Street Journal that retailers may be resistant to the effort because they would view it as a threat. The move is part of Amazon's efforts to be a part of every aspect of consumers' lives.
The paper noted it is not clear how customers will use Amazon Pay in physical stores. One idea is that they will scan a code on their phones. Other options are being looked at as well, noted the Wall Street Journal. Amazon will be battling a formidable player in the payments market given Apple said Apple Pay was accepted at more than 5 million in-store locations as of May.
Amazon's push into digital payments comes at a time when U.S. consumers have been slow to embrace digital wallets. Citing the Nilson Report, the WSJ reported that digital payments accounted for less than 1 percent of all card transactions in the U.S. in 2017. Amazon is also setting its sights on Asia for its digital payments push, given that region is a huge user of mobile payments apps such as Alipay and WeChat Pay. Amazon wants to first gain market share in the U.S. where competition isn't as fierce. The Wall Street Journal noted that Amazon is offering perks such as lower payment-processing fees or marketing services to get merchants to accept its digital wallet. That could work, noted the report. After all, rising interchange or swipe fees are accounting for a big portion of the costs and is something that retailers and credit card companies have battled over in the past. The report noted that for the 12 months through March of 2018, 14 percent of online shoppers in the U.S. used Amazon Pay outside of its website to make an online or mobile payment. That was down from the previous year, noted the WSJ, citing a survey from Bernstein Research.
The Wall Street Journal reported that in addition to working with merchants, Amazon has also been looking at ways to bring Amazon Pay to Whole Foods and is working to enable Alexa, its voice-activated digital assistant, an in-store payments platform.
The PYMNTS Cross-Border Merchant Friction Index analyzes the key friction points experienced by consumers browsing, shopping and paying for purchases on international eCommerce sites. PYMNTS examined the checkout processes of 266 B2B and B2C eCommerce sites across 12 industries and operating from locations across Europe and the United States to provide a comprehensive overview of their checkout offerings.


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elsenLevel 1
Content Count5
Last visited
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About elsen
App crashes when I attempt to create a new book
elsen replied to JusWrites's question in Penultimate RequestsThanks a lot for the tip dharlow!
elsen started following App crashes when I attempt to create a new book
App crashes when I attempt to create a new book
elsen replied to JusWrites's question in Penultimate RequestsSame here, Have you guys tried alternatives? Notability is ugly, nebo is ugly and does OCR for no reasons, Paper has the right UI but the detection is bad.
Gazumped, I do, that's why I'd like to use them everywhere, Jefito, true, that's a way to see saved search and apparently the current implementation. Saved searches are a replacement for the Notebook system when you start using tagging, and it renders offline synchronisation useless: No arrangement of Notebooks can capture "all articles I need to review", "all tasks for project W", "all tasks that can be done offline", basic tagging rules can.
Hey Gazumped, thanks for the advice, In my case, that won't scale, all my notes are in a "Processed" notebook. These saved searches are far from being first class citizen in Evernote aren't they? Hard to find at first, hard to edit, useless for offline synchronisation...
offline saved searches
elsen posted a topic in Evernote for Android IssuesHello Everenoters, a question for you, I've moved to an organization based on tags, it makes my workflow much cleaner and notes are easy to retrieve at the right moment. When I'm offline, I want to have access to all my notes tagged read & work for example. Is there a way to store notes matching a saved search for offline use on Android?


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From LoadingReadyWiki
Scientists perfect the robot game journalist. Turns out, it wasn't that hard.
Vital Statistics
Airdate: October 28, 2009
Accent Word: Bipedal
Job Description: Let me show you ma Anchormans
Written, Performed and Photoshopped by: Kathleen De Vere, Jeremy Petter, Paul Saunders, Graham Stark
Appearing: Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw, Raymond Steacy
- Solid snake to gain x-ray vision
- Gamestop director sells shares
- Microsoft Flight Sim developers form new company
- Ireland luring game developers away from Scotland
- Super Saiyan 3 Vegeta to feature in upcoming Dragonball Z game
- Sega to release online gambling products based on its properties
Feature Story
ROJO - With game reviews becoming increasingly predictable, Jeremy Petter reports on the possible future of games journalism; the Robotic Journalist or ROJO.
- This video is considered Compelling.
- ROJO has his own twitter account which can be found here
- The crew has made use of fake accounts for other videos as well.
◀ ●∙∙∙ Uber HD New Dante's Inferno Marketing Tactic ∙∙∙● ▶


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Springtime in Moscow
   I don't fully understand this poem by Boris Pasternak. But I am drawn to its strong images of spring coming to the city. Interestingly, this poem and others are published in the new translation of Doctor Zhivago under the authorship of the character Yuri Zhivago!  This poem was translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky.–April Moore
    Yuri Zhivago
Spring comes barging loutishly
Into Moscow's private houses.
Moths flutter behind the wardrobe
And crawl over the summer hats,
And fur coats are put away in trunks.
Pots of wallflowers and stock
Stand on the wooden mezzanines,
There's a breath of freedom in the rooms,
And the garrets smell of dust.
And the street enjoys hobnobbing
With the nearsighted window frame,
And the white night and the sunset
Can't help meeting by the river.
And in the corridor you can hear
What's happening in the wide outdoors,
What April says to the dripping eaves
In a random conversation.
He can tell a thousand stories
About the woes of humankind,
And dawn feels chilly along the fences,
And draws it all out endlessly.
And that same mix of fire and fright
Outside and in our cozy dwellings,
And the air everywhere is not itself,
And the same transparent pussy willows,
And the same swelling of white buds
At the window and at the crossroads,
In the workshop and in the street.
Then why does the distance weep in mist,
And why does the humus smell so bitter?
In that precisely lies my calling,
So that the expanses won't be bored,
So that beyond the city limits
The earth will not languish all alone.
It is for that my friends and I
Get together in early spring,
And our evenings are farewells,
Our little feasts are testaments,
So that the secret stream of suffering
Can lend warmth to the chill of being.


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This Cargo Tiger Flag Template can be used to make flags to adorn your tent, campsite, uniform, or vehicle.
Here are two downloadable pdfs for you to use!
I can't wait to see what you guys make with these two flag template files!
© 2020 MONSTER RANGERS — part of Steam Crow, LLC


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Helistades toetad 5 euroga Eesti Vigastatud Võitlejate Ühingut
The NGO Estonian Society of Wounded Soldiers is a non-profit organisation founded by veterans. Its aim is to improve charity-based social care services, increase the social cohesion of veterans and provide any necessary support. The association works with servicemen of the Estonian Defence Forces and members of the Defence League who were wounded in the line of duty in Estonia or elsewhere.
The Estonian Society of Wounded Soldiers supports the rehabilitation, sports and further education of servicemen wounded in combat and their family members. Improving the rehabilitation treatment system for all patients is one of the main goals of the association, as this would also contribute to the rehabilitation of our injured servicemen.
Volunteers of the Women's Voluntary Defence Organization are the main Blue Hepatica Flower ambassadors; their task is to help spread the idea of the Blue Hepatica Flower campaign and collect donations by selling Blue Hepatica pins throughout Estonia.
The Women's Voluntary Defence Organization is a volunteer organisation for women which aims to contribute to national defence and the development of the whole society by means of supporting the Defence League, educating people and instilling them with national pride. Since its foundation, the Women's Voluntary Defence Organization has contributed to the enhancement of people's willingness to defend their country, women's increased participation in social life and improvement of their social skills.
For more information about the Women's Voluntary Defence Organization click here


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present I am working with raspberry. using below command I am streaming video to a Wowza server.
"raspivid -o - -t 0 -w 1920 -h 1080 -fps 25 -b 4000000 -g 50 | /home/pi/ffmpeg -re -ar 44100 -ac 2 -acodec pcm_s16le -f s16le -ac 2 -i /dev/zero -f h264 -i - -vcodec copy -acodec aac -ab 128k -g 50 -strict experimental -f flv rtmp://your_RTMP_server_address/your_stream_key"
when I am entering this command in terminal automatically video popup is opening in the raspberry system but I don't want to play in the raspberry system, I want to stream to Wowza.
how to stop video popup in my raspberry server, what changes I need to change in the above command.
please help me


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Our Mission
We envision a world of economic and social justice; a world where individuals, families and communities care for and support themselves and one another. To this end, we provide strength & support to individuals & families in need, in a manner sensitive to Jewish values.
About JEWISH FAMILY SERVICES EDMONTON
Your gift helps us provide life-saving and life-enhancing services to both the Jewish and wider Edmonton communities. We welcome people of every origin, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, age, ability, status, etc. We offer clinical counselling, advocacy, settlement assistance, bereavement support, and outreach to seniors. Fees are are either non-existent or negotiable. THANK-YOU FOR MAKING IT POSSIBLE!


text: Add to Cart Compare Quick view D.T. Systems 88117 D.T. Systems .22 Cal Blank Power Loads-Yellow 70-100 Yards D.T. Systems MSRP: $22.19 Now: $13.70 Was: The .22 Caliber Blank Power Load is recommended for maximum performance from your DT Systems Dummy Launcher. Unlike wadded power loads these crimped power loads will not eject wad material into the firing shaft which may clog your launcher. SS-2001374 MSRP: $22.19 Now: $13.70 Was: Add to Cart Compare Quick view


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Tuesday Tomorrow
Soulless Volume 3 by Gail Carriger
Published by: Yen Press
Publication Date: November 19th, 2013
Format: Paperback, 207 Pages
To Buy
The official patter:
"Condemned by society and her werewolf husband due to a pregnancy she cannot explain, Alexia Maccon-preternatural, tea aficionado-seeks an explanation for this "infant inconvenience" so as to cleanse her sullied reputation and prove her fool of a husband wrong. Preternaturals are a rare breed and the only history of their kind lies in Italy with the Templars, a group that once partnered with preternaturals to hunt down werewolves and vampires. Will Alexia find an explanation for her impossible offspring? Or do the Templars have other plans for the curious "Soulless One"?"
I love this manga series! Seriously, I adore the art and clothing, and I mean, it's just a great refresher to remember how good the books are. Plus the ladybirds on the cover! Too perfect!
Dandy Gilver and a Bothersome Number of Corpses by Catriona McPherson
Published by: Minotaur Books
Publication Date: November 19th, 2013
Format: Hardcover, 320 Pages
To Buy
The official patter:
"A mystery writer perfect for fans of Upstairs Downstairs, Downton Abbey, and Gosford Park, Catriona McPherson has charmed readers everywhere with her fun and clever series set in 1920s Scotland. In this new adventure, witty, aristocratic sleuth Dandy Gilver travels to an all-girls school in the small seaside town of Portpatrick to investigate the disappearance of a childhood friend who taught there. Soon, Dandy discovers that her missing chum is not the only thing that's off in Portpatrick. Other teachers have been disappearing at an alarming rate. The BBC has optioned the Dandy Gilver series for television, and mystery fans will love Dandy Gilver and a Bothersome Number of Corpses, the newest excursion with Scotland's most charming sleuth."
This might be my favorite cover in the Dandy Gilver series... well Jessica Hische plus a menacing apple, what's not to love?
The Venom Business by Michael Crichton
Published by: Hard Case Crime
Publication Date: November 19th, 2013
Format: Paperback, 400 Pages
To Buy
The official patter:
"As an expert handler of venomous snakes - and a smuggler of rare artifacts - Charles Raynaud is accustomed to danger. So the job bodyguarding an old acquaintance about to come into a fortune shouldn't make him break a sweat.
But when the attempts on the man's life nearly get Raynaud killed, he's left wondering: is he the killers' real target...? "
OMG! They are FINALLY releasing the full back catalog of Michael Crichton books he wrote as John Lange. "New" Crichton! Be still me teenage heart (yes, as a teenager, I adored all his books and devoured every single one!)