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The Implied Discount and Poker Tournament Strategy
The Implied Discount: New Insights Into Optimal Poker Tournament StrategyBy Arnold Snyder
(From Blackjack Forum , Fall 2006)
© Arnold Snyder 2006
This article will dispel a number of unsound theories about poker tournaments that have been around for decades. These theories have led tournament authors to promote weak and even losing strategies that are the reason why so many smart and experienced poker players have found it impossible to make money in tournaments. Arguments occurring on poker discussion boards at various web sites, including this one, with regards to the rebuy strategy I propose in The Poker Tournament Formula were the impetus for this article. But the implications of this article will go beyond rebuy strategies and deal with the fundamental realities of how you make money in poker tournaments.
Among the topics I will address will be the logic of sound rebuy strategy, and specifically why rebuys are almost always the correct strategy for a skilled player, even when the rebuy chips must be purchased at the full price of the initial buy-in. I will also show the reason why a player should add-on even when he has a lot of chips, and why it is often wrong for a player to purchase the add-on when he is short-stacked.
Most importantly, this article will address the theory that the fewer chips you have the more each chip is worth, and the more chips you have the less each chip is worth, and show that this relationship is true only in very particular instances at some final tables, and is completely inadequate for understanding true chip value throughout a tournament, or devising overall tournament strategy. The peculiar idea that this theory can be applied throughout a poker tournament can be traced back to Mason Malmuth's 1987 book, Gambling Theory and Other Topics. It has been embraced by other prominent poker authors as well as players, and has been used to guide players toward bad tournament decisions and strategies for many years. The concept is wrong because, as I will show, chip value is primarily based on chip utility (the various ways in which chips can be used), and, in the hands of a skilled player using optimal strategy, chip utility goes up with stack size.
The First Great Misconception
Much of the advice in The Poker Tournament Formula was written specifically to address errors in the existing poker tournament literature, especially a number of serious errors put forward over roughly a twenty-year period by Mason Malmuth and David Sklansky. One of the most widely held and erroneous concepts of poker tournament logic is the concept that the fewer chips you have, the more each of your chips are worth, and the more chips you have the less each of your chips are worth, and that as a tournament progresses, all chips lose value. David Sklansky presents this idea in his Tournament Poker for Advanced Players (p. 44-5), though he credits Mason Malmuth's 1987 Gambling Theory and Other Topics as the original source of this notion. I am not aware of any reputable poker authority having ever disputed this claim, and it has come to be accepted as the common wisdom.
In a nutshell, the theory says that at the start of a $10,000 buy-in tournament, all chips are worth their face value. At the final table, however, since many of the smaller prizes have already been distributed to players who busted out in the money, the total payout to those at the final table will be less than the initial cost of the chips in play. As a recent example, the winner of the WSOP main event this year received a $12 million prize. When he beat his last competitor, however, he was holding more than $87 million in chips, for which $87 million had been paid by the 8,700+ competitors. So, the individual chips in his stack were worth less per chip to him than their initial cost.
Malmuth carries this idea further to conclude that the individual chips in a small stack are worth more per chip than the individual chips in a big stack. Let's say a small buy-in tournament is down to the last two players, who are heads up at the final table. The remaining prizes are $3,500 for the winner, and $1,800 for second place. The player who is the chip leader at this point has $70,000 in chips, while the player in second place has only $10,000. Clearly, the value of each of the chips of the second place player is much greater than the value of each of the chips of the chip leader. Assuming the blinds are so high at this point that both players are simply all-in before every flop regardless of cards (making this a coin-flip situation for all intents and purposes), the player in second place has an 87.5% chance of taking the second place prize, and a 12.5% chance of doubling up enough times to take first place. This makes his $10,000 in chips worth more than $2,000 in prize money. So, the short-stacked player's chips are worth more than 20 cents each. The chip leader, however, will find that his $70,000 in chips have a prize value of less than $3,300. The chip leader's chips are worth less than 5 cents each. And ultimately, the more chips the second place player loses to the first place player, the greater the value of each of his individual chips. In fact, if he gets' down to a single chip, that chip will have a value of more than $1,800, while the chip leader's chips ain't worth even a nickel each.
This is a true fact, and I don't dispute it. But the problem is that Sklansky and Malmuth have gone on from this premise to devise rebuy strategies, and in Malmuth's case, even entire tournament strategies, based on the idea that the chips in big stacks are worth less than the chips in small stacks. In Gambling Theory and Other Topics, p. 232, Mason Malmuth states: "As the poker tournament essays have stressed, in a percentage payback tournament, the less chips you have, the more each individual chip is worth, and the more chips you have, the less each individual chip is worth. This idea is the major force that should govern many of your strategy decisions in a poker tournament."
I will show that extending this chip value idea to a dominant factor in devising overall poker tournament strategy is a humongous error in logic. And, because it has led to more bad tournament strategies than just about any other "truth" about tournaments ever revealed to the public, it has been a tremendously costly error in logic to players. It is the basis of the whole conservative, sit-and-wait-for-a-hand approach to tournaments, as well as bad advice on just about every aspect of tournament play from how to play a short stack to final table play to optimal rebuy strategy to satellite strategies, and more.
The reason it's a humongous error in logic is because it starts from the assumption that all players have equal skill, and it ignores the value of a bigger stack in the hands of a skilled player. In the hands of a skilled player, all chips essentially have greater value. Indeed, as I will show, all chip purchases made by a skilled player using optimal tournament strategy are essentially made at an implied discount. This implied discount has a substantial impact on rebuy and add-on decisions.
Why More Chips Equals More Value per Chip: The Implied Discount
In order to make money at gambling, you have to actually gamble. That is, you must place money at risk on wagers on which you have an edge. The more money you can afford to wager with an edge, which is to say the more money you can put in action, the more money you will make. Sitting on your chips like a hen on an egg is not the way to make money gambling, especially in a tournament, which is, essentially, a race for all the chips.
It is incorrect to convert chips to dollar values with no consideration for how individual players might use those chips. It may seem logical that we could assign dollar values to chips since chips are initially purchased with dollars. But once the tournament begins, they cease to be dollars or even to represent dollars. You can't cash them out. You can't sell them, trade them, or buy anything with them. They are simply tools that are provided to players for competing in a contest. When the tournament director says, "Shuffle up and deal!" a battle has begun, and chips are nothing more nor less than ammunition.
The ground rules of this battle are pretty simple. If you run out of ammo, you're dead. But if you outlast enough of your enemies, you will get some portion of the prize money depending on exactly how many of your enemies you bested. The player who survives the longest gets the biggest prize.
But you can't survive by just hoarding your ammo. Your position will be attacked at regular intervals (the blinds), forcing you to spend some of your ammo even if you are attempting to avoid confrontations at all costs. These attacks on your position will start small, but they will escalate, costing you larger amounts of your ammo as the battle progresses. The only way for you to survive is to acquire more ammo, and the only way for you to do this is to engage in confrontations with your enemies and continually capture some (or all) of their ammo to add to your stockpile.
If a chip is a bullet, and I have 500 bullets, and you have 4500 bullets, you can utilize your ammo in many ways that I cannot. You can fire test shots to see if you can pick up a small pile of ammo that none of your enemies are all that interested in defending. You can engage in small speculative battles to try and pick up more ammo, and you can back out of these little skirmishes if necessary without much damage to your stockpile. Most importantly, because all of your enemies can see your huge stockpile, you can get them to surrender ammo to you without fighting, even in battles they would have won, were it not for their fear of losing everything.
So, intrinsically, each of your bullets has a greater value than each of mine purely as a function of its greater utility. This is due directly to the fact that you have so much more ammo than me.
The more chips you have, the more each chip is worth.
The only time chips do not have more value in a bigger stack is when the bigger stack is in the hands of a player who does not know how to use them. For example, any player who plays according to Harrington's M strategy will not gain the full available advantage from having a bigger stack of chips. When you are waiting for hands, primarily playing your cards, and taking so little advantage of the edges available from other types of poker moves, your bigger stack will not be in action enough to earn you this greater value.
So, when I say that the more chips you have the more each chip is worth, that assumes that the player will be deploying his chips in such a way as to extract their full potential earning value.
Even Sklansky, despite his mistaken advice on rebuys, clearly recognizes that the dollar value of chips can be greatly increased by skill. On page 44 of Tournament Poker for Advanced Players he provides an example of a bystander, at the start of a $10,000 event, who is a highly-skilled player but who has arrived at the event too late to buy-in. Sklansky comments: "It might be worth it for him to buy your original $10,000 in chips for $30,000 because of his great skill."
With these words, Sklansky demonstrates that he understands the guiding principle of all of the strategy in my book, The Poker Tournament Formula. This guiding principle is the theory of the implied discount. What is an implied discount? An implied discount comes from the fact that a skilled player can earn more with his chips than an unskilled player can earn. And how do I arrive at an implied discount from this fact?
If the player in Sklansky's example had arrived on time to buy-in for this tournament, then (according to what Sklansky is telling us) this player would have essentially purchased chips valued at $30,000 to him, based on his skill, for only $10,000. When a player is getting $30,000 in value for $10,000 in cash, it is the same as getting his chips for one-third the price of the unskilled player.
Another way of saying this is to say that the unskilled player will have to buy in three times as often to get the same amount of winnings (not profits, but prize money) as the skilled player. (In fact, an unskilled player will never be able to profit, and may never even be able to make the same amount of prize money as a skilled player, no matter how many times he buys in. The point is that the skilled player is essentially getting his chips at a discount.)
And what are the implications of this implied discount? In The Poker Tournament Formula, I show that there is a huge value to any player in making a rebuy or add-on at a discount in an even playing field. Sklansky agrees with this concept (see Tournament Poker for Advanced Players, p. 94.) The implied discount would mean that, for a skilled player, a full-price rebuy or add-on is never really full price, and is thus a great value, with some exceptions that I cover in The Poker Tournament Formula. In fact, the only exception for a skilled player would be when the skilled player is so short-stacked that the extra chip purchase would not provide enough chips to sufficiently utilize his skill advantage. Again, when skill cannot be used, the implied discount doesn't exist.
Unfortunately Sklansky, in his rebuy advice, fails to take into account both the extra value of chips to a skilled player and the limits on how skill can be deployed when chips are too few. He says, "I think a decent rule of thumb would be to add-on if you have less than the average number of chips at that point, and not otherwise."
In effect, Sklansky is saying it's fine for a skilled player to pay $30,000 for $10,000 in chips, but not to pay $20,000 for $20,000 in chips (in a $10,000 rebuy event). Sklansky has failed to realize that extra chips add to the amount of skill a player can use, and the amount of action he can generate with an edge.
More Implications for Rebuy Strategy: When Opponents Rebuy
Which brings us back to Mason Malmuth's error in using his evaluation of chips based on stack size to generate a rebuy strategy. As I have just shown above, the fewer the chips a skilled player has, the more likely it is that he will not be able to acquire enough chips to fully utilize his skill, and the less he should be inclined to rebuy or add-on. (Again, this is exactly the opposite of Sklansky's and Malmuth's advice.)
On p. 196 of Malmuth's Gambling Theory rebuy chapter, he says: "If you are leading in a tournament and someone rebuys, the pot is not being 'sweetened' for you… Discouraging your opponents from rebuying when they are broke should be an important part of your overall tournament strategy."
Malmuth bases this advice on the math in a model in which all players have equal skill, making the model inappropriate for poker tournaments, and making his advice absolutely terrible for skilled players. In any real-world tournament, assuming that any players at your table actually give a damn what you recommend regarding their rebuy decisions, you should encourage the poor (read "conservative") players to rebuy and discourage the more skillful (read "skillfully fast and aggressive") players from rebuying. If you believe you've got an edge on the whole table, encourage them all to rebuy and add-on as much as they possibly can. If they don't know how to use chips when they have them, believe me, they will indeed ultimately be "sweetening the pot" for you.
Again, this is because the skilled player's chips come at an implied discount. Whenever players of lesser skill are in effect paying more for their chips than you, as a function of your implied discount, you will profit. They are, in effect, buying chips for you.
This is not something that mathematical analyses based on players of equal skill will reveal.
In this section, we have dealt with the implications of the implied discount for optimal rebuy strategy. Now let's look more closely at the implications of the implied discount for the validity of various authors' overall poker tournament strategies.
Broomcorn's Uncle
In SuperSystem, Doyle Brunson described a South Texas player, Broomcorn, whose uncle occasionally joined the game but never played a hand. He simply sat there until his chips were dwindled away by the antes. Whenever Doyle's fellow poker players encountered a tight player in a poker game, they would needle him by saying, "You're gonna go like Broomcorn's uncle."
To this day, poker tournament pros use this saying to make fun of tight players, and for good reason.
Mason Malmuth may be the foremost advocate of a tight style of play in poker tournaments. On page 210 of Gambling Theory and Other Topics, Malmuth advises players that it is incorrect for a player who is short-stacked to raise with a "marginal hand" or push all-in with a "calling hand" because, since "the less chips you have, the more (relatively speaking) each individual chip is worth… This means that going out with a bang is wrong. You should try to go out with a whimper. That is, try to make those few remaining chips last as long as possible."
And on page 204 of Gambling Theory and Other Topics, Malmuth provides an example of two players who enter a small buy-in tournament where each receives $100 in chips. Player A plays very conservatively, so that he always has exactly $100 in chips at the end of the first hour. Player B, on the other hand, plays a very aggressive style such that he busts out in the first hour three out of four times, but one out of four times he finishes the first hour with $400 in chips. Malmuth asks the question, "Who is better off?"
He answers his question on the next page: "…because of the mathematics that govern percentage-payback tournaments, we know that the less chips a player has, the more each individual chip is worth, and the more chips a player has, the less each individual chip is worth. This means that it is better to have $100 in chips all the time than to have $400 in chips one-fourth of the time and zero three-fourths of the time. Consequently, A's approach of following survival tactics is clearly superior."
Malmuth tells us little about Player B's strategy other than that it is "aggressive and reckless." I have described in detail in The Poker Tournament Formula how fast strategy earns more chips than conservative strategy while actually tending to lead to fewer confrontations and less risk of bouncing out of a tournament early. So there is no reason to equate the higher earnings of fast strategy with recklessness and increased bust-outs. (Despite this, even if Player B was a poker neophyte who had very little understanding of the game, but just liked to get his chips into action and gamble, I'd put my money on Player B's overall earning power in tournaments before I'd bet a nickel on Player A. That's how strong the value of aggression is in tournaments, as opposed to conservatism.)
But there is reason to equate Malmuth's approach of "following survival tactics" with players being worse off, not better off as Malmuth claims. Although we can see that a situation can exist at a final table in which individual chips have less value in a big stack than a small stack, assuming all players have equal skill, Malmuth's advice assumes that this situation exists throughout a tournament, when it does not.
The reason it does not exist for skilled players is that, as I have shown, chips have increased earning power when they are put into action with an edge more frequently, thus creating an implied discount on the chips. Malmuth's tight "survival tactics", by failing to use chips for their full earning power, are in effect leading to a higher chip cost for his tight player.
Again, until the point in a tournament when the remaining players get into the money, at which time, in some but not all tournaments, equal-skill models may start to make sense, the real truth of tournaments is that the value of chips is based on what you can do with them. Malmuth's theory about individual chip values is dead wrong through most of a tournament. Throughout 90+% of a tournament, any individual chips in a short stack aren't worth squat. They simply represent a last desperate shot at survival for players who will almost certainly not make it into the money.
The fast strategies prescribed in The Poker Tournament Formula are essentially a blueprint for earning more chips by getting more chips into action with an edge than you can get into action with a conservative strategy.
In the PTF's fast strategy, for example, there are three positions from which a player would raise if first in with any two cards. On the button, players are advised to call any number of limpers and even to call any standard raise with any two cards. Postflop, players are advised to always bet if they were the pre-flop aggressor, even when out of position, even when the flop does not hit them, even when the flop looks dangerous, and even when their preflop raise was just a position or chip shot with a trash hand. Likewise, if a player has position on an opponent postflop, and he checks, the player is advised to bet—regardless of his hand. Other more complex and dangerous plays—like pretending to slow-play a hand in order to steal even more chips from an opponent when you have nothing yourself—are also described. But the standard positional preflop and postflop bets and raises with any two cards are presented as a "basic strategy" that a player in a fast tournament should almost always follow. (There are discussions in PTF on proper violations of the basic strategy based on the type of opponent you are facing, your chip position, your opponent's chip position, poker tournament structure and other factors, but the book's general approach to tournament strategy is overall much looser and more aggressive than the conservative approaches that have been written about in the past.)
The fast play strategy in The Poker Tournament Formula will consistently out-earn conservative play because it keeps your money in action while your conservative competitors are sitting there waiting for stronger cards, and hoping to make back, with trapping hands, what you have taken from them. But, in fast tournaments, a trapping hand is unlikely to arrive frequently enough to help you, and in all tournaments, trapping hands are unlikely to get paid off by skilled players even if they do arrive.
The fast play strategy in The Poker Tournament Formula is specifically designed to earn you an implied chip discount. It is designed to take chips from conservative opponents and penalize them for their weaker strategy.
The Weakness of Using Equal-Skill Models for Devising Overall Tournament Strategy
Although I use coin-flip examples in the rebuy chapter of The Poker Tournament Formula to explain specific points of tournament logic, it would be incorrect for any player to think that coin-flipping contests (or Malmuth's "equal-skill tournaments") are analogous to poker tournaments. It is always dangerous to use a simple example to solve a complex problem, because it may tempt a less astute researcher to use a seemingly similar analogy to answer a question for which that analogy does not apply.
For example, in The Theory of Blackjack, Peter Griffin created a game he called "Woolworth Blackjack," which consisted of a blackjack game where the only cards in the deck were fives and tens. He used this hypothetical and vastly over-simplified version of the game to test how well a statistical estimate of expectation based on approximations might correspond to a player's actual expectation. For the problem he was attempting to solve, his analogy works well.
Some years back I received a letter from a blackjack player who had used Griffin's Woolworth Blackjack deck to devise a unique betting strategy for a real-world casino blackjack game. His strategy was terribly misguided, although it would work fine if the player ever found a casino that would deal actual Woolworth Blackjack. Casino blackjack is not Woolworth Blackjack. There are many complexities to the game as dealt in the casino that do not apply in the five-and-ten version. Griffin's analogy worked well for the point of logic he was testing, but he never meant to imply that all blackjack problems could be solved by Woolworth.
On p. 196-197 of Gambling Theory and Other Topics, Malmuth demonstrates that in an "equal-skill" tournament with a percentage payout structure (as opposed to winner-take-all), there will be situations in which it would be mathematically incorrect to make a rebuy. (In fact, this particular example is incorrectly used by Malmuth as "proof" that players should not rebuy when they have "a lot of chips", meaning as many as or more chips than their opponents.)
In The Poker Tournament Formula, I too show that, in a coin flip tournament where every player is of equal skill, there is no mathematical advantage in making a rebuy. I have no argument with the mathematics presented by Malmuth for this specific "equal skill" situation. The math is the math. My problem is with his assumption that an equal-skill event provides an adequate model upon which to devise a valid strategy for rebuying. Although his math in this example is internally correct, it is irrelevant to rebuy decisions in real-life tournaments.
In an excellent post on the Poker Board at this Web site, Pikachu provides much better models in a post titled "A Closer Look at the MTT Format and Playing With an Edge". To summarize, he finds "A player [with] an edge of 50% should… take the rebuy if his stack is less than 4.5 times greater than his initial stack. A 100% edge player should rebuy with a stack less than 7.5 times his initial stack. For very skilled players rebuys should still be made except in extreme cases… The more skill a player has, the more often he should rebuy."
Pikachu also shows that players with small advantages should rebuy much less often. Pikachu's findings, by the way, validate the rebuy advice I give in The Poker Tournament Formula. (In Appendix A, I advise players that it is futile to enter multi-table poker tournaments without a very big edge, and say that with an edge as low as even 10% you should not enter multi-table poker tournaments.)
Pikachu's models are superior to Malmuth's because they take into account the fact that poker tournaments are not "equal skill" events. They are especially useful because they compare a wide range of realistic player skill levels (or edges) in poker tournaments.
In Closing
The Poker Tournament Formula specifically addresses winning strategies for fast tournaments. Many of the PTF concepts and strategies, however, will also have value in slow tournaments. These strategies will require adjustments for the speed of the tournament, but the concept of the advantage of fast-play over conservative strategy is still valid. Specifically, the PTF strategies will have to be adjusted to take advantage of the increased opportunities for profitable fast play action pre- and postflop, created by the slower blind structures and bigger starting chip stacks. Optimal slow tournament strategies will be very different from the conservative strategies recommended in many of the popular books today, as many of these books were written from the same erroneous perspectives on chip values as Malmuth's book.
A number of the best professional poker tournament players believe that tight conservative play is already nearing obsolescence even in slow tournaments. Daniel Negreanu, interviewed by Peter Thomas Fornatale in the just-published Winning Secrets of Poker, says: "Basically, the math is behind an aggressive style of play. Books that have been written in the past simply didn't have it all right as far as what hands to be playing and what hands to be folding… So without playing that [aggressive] style, you're basically depending on getting really good cards. And when you're depending on getting really good cards on a regular basis, you're going to be disappointed because they don't come often enough."
Many of the most successful tournament pros do not follow tight, conservative strategies, even in the slowest major events. Malmuth remarks in the "Afterthoughts" on his tournament section in Gambling Theory and Other Topics, "…some people with what appears to be excellent tournament records have very little idea of what is correct… In addition, if it were possible to estimate the standard deviation for tournaments and a good tournament record was compared to a poor one, I suspect that a seemingly large difference would often not be significant. This means that some of the current superstars are probably not very good, just fortunate."
I agree that there is a large standard deviation in poker tournaments. However, the combined win records of the aggressive fast players have moved well beyond the realm of normal fluctuations. I suspect that the fast-playing pros who keep making it into the money, keep making final tables, and keep racking up wins, know a lot about "correct" strategy.
|© 2004-2006 Blackjack Forum Online/Poker Tournament Formula, All Rights Reserved


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Bd: 3 | Ba: 1 | Hlf Ba: 1
Adirondack Vacation Rental on Lake Placid with Private Beach
Room Information
Sleeping Cap: 8
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Property Details
- Adirondack
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- Waterfront
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Approximate Distance to Town/Village: 1.5 miles
Fireplaces: 1 Fireplace Type(s): Wood
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Neurocognitive outcomes in the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders study
UMMS Affiliation
Department of Psychiatry; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center
Publication Date
Document Type
Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Child; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Molindone; *Neuropsychological Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; *Schizophrenic Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience | Mental and Social Health | Mental Disorders | Psychiatry | Psychiatry and Psychology
OBJECTIVE: To assess neurocognitive outcomes following antipsychotic intervention in youth enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS).
METHOD: Neurocognitive functioning of youth (ages 8 to 19 years) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was evaluated in a four-site, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing molindone, olanzapine, and risperidone. The primary outcomes were overall group change from baseline in neurocognitive composite and six domain scores after 8 weeks and continued treatment up to 52 weeks. Age and sex were included as covariates in all analyses.
RESULTS: Of 116 TEOSS participants, 77 (66%) had post-baseline neurocognitive data. No significant differences emerged in the neurocognitive outcomes of the three medication groups. Therefore, the three treatment groups were combined into one group to assess overall neurocognitive outcomes. Significant modest improvements were observed in the composite score and in three of six domain scores in the acute phase, and in four of six domain scores in the combined acute and maintenance phases. Partial correlation analyses revealed very few relationships among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) baseline or change scores and neurocognition change scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotic intervention in youth with early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (EOSS) led to modest improvement in measures of neurocognitive function. The changes in cognition were largely unrelated to baseline symptoms or symptom change. Small treatment effect sizes, easily accounted for by practice effects, highlight the critical need for the development of more efficacious interventions for the enduring neurocognitive deficits seen in EOSS.
Clinical trial registry information-Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS); http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00053703.
DOI of Published Version
Frazier JA, Giuliano AJ, Johnson JL, Yakutis L, Youngstrom EA, Breiger D, Sikich L, Findling RL, McClellan J, Hamer RM, Vitiello B, Lieberman JA, Hooper SR. Neurocognitive outcomes in the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 May;51(5):496-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Mar 13. PubMed PMID: 22525956; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3337647. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Related Resources
PubMed ID
Repository Citation
Frazier JA, Giuliano AJ, Johnson JL, Yakutis LJ, Youngstrom EA, Breiger D, Sikich L, Findling RL, McClellan J, Hamer RM, Vitiello B, Lieberman JA, Hooper SR. (2012). Neurocognitive outcomes in the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders study. Psychiatry Publications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.001. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/psych_pp/566


text: Valter Scelsi is an architect and researcher who teaches architectural design at the University of Genoa. From 2002 to 2010 his activity was linked to Sp10, the architectural office he co-founded. He took part int he 13th and 14th Venice Biennial of Architecture. Additionally he worked with Edoardo Sanguineti as founding members of the collective Magazzino Sanguineti (2003-2008).Author on several essays and critical writings on architecture, he has published articles in a large number of international magazines.He also conceived and edited the series Testi di Architettura , published by Sagep. Since 2013 he is a member of ADI Design Permanent Observatory / Compasso d'Oro Prize, and director of the University of Genoa Summer school. He was part of the collective project, Book of Copies, at the Architectural Assosiation in London in the exhibition by San Rocco Magazine, October 2013. He is co-founder of "SuperSuperStudio", retrospective exhibition at PAC, in Milan, 2015. Scelsi is editor for Opusanalogica , a website dedicated tot he analogies , from 2014 on tumblr, opusanalogica.tumblr.com


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Please post your 1995 Cobra R info to be listed in the Registry.
Current List:
#23. Brian Groth, Wannamingo MN, Coupe
#45. Phil Saglimbene, New York NY, Coupe
#149. Lew Groth, Kenyon MN, Coupe
#216. Scott Martin, Blue Springs,MO Coupe
#223. Ken Walder, Northern NJ, Coupe
1995 Cobra R #223 of 250 Ex-IMSA Grand Am series race car - Hacker Express #00
1995 Cobra R # 45 of 250
Purchased my 1995 Cobra R in February 1999 from the original owner. With 755 miles.
Flew down to Louisville, KY from NYC the owners picked me up at the airport and we drove to Sellersburg Indiana about 20 miles north.
Picked up the car, went to visit my good buddy Mark Wilson who was living/working in Louisville at the time.
The following day Drove from Louisville to NYC.
The car is used for open tracking, cruises and shows ever since.:)
95R #23 :thumbsup:
95 R #105 2700 miles
Incomplete information... :(
new owner!! i am the now the 4th owner of 1995r number 216. the car was originally from texas. now in missouri and in the shop for some suspension mods. on the track real soooooon!!!!!! thanks scmc scott :cool:
I have been in possesion of '95 R, #201, for over 4 years now. It is amazing how these cars move out with a supercharger.
I own a 2000 Cobra R, # 17. I purchased the car from an individual in Pheonix, AZ in 2002. He had purchased it from a dealer out of CT and never registered it, making me the second owner, at least on paper. The original owner was from the NYC area, and bought the car from Portsmouth Ford.
1995 Cobra R #131, Christopher Miller, Canton, Ohio, Coupe
I purchased this car in August 2013. I had always wanted a 95 R and found this one for sale in Alabama. From what I was told, the car originated in Las Vegas, NV. The original owner did a cross country cruise and ended up trading this R in for a GT500 at a dealership in Alabama. The person I purchased this from worked at the dealership and snatched it up when it came in.
I have been hoping to some how cross paths with the original owner. I have a few questions about the car and it's history. I absolutely love it and this one will continue to be driven as it was intended to be.
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Councillor sees latest progress at Aberdeen's new Centre of Excellence
Councillor Angela Taylor, Education and Children Service's Convener, paid a visit yesterday (Monday 6 March) to see progress at Aberdeen's £17 million Centre of Excellence.
The Howes Road building, due to open in August, was officially named Orchard Brae School last week, will be a hub for best practice in supporting pupils from across Aberdeen with Additional Support Needs (ASN).
The first facility of its kind in Scotland, Orchard Brae will operate as more than a complex needs school and will be a:
· Hub for outreach services such as communication and language
· New resource centre for ASN teaching and training facilities
· Community hub for families, ASN parents/ groups and charities to access
· Multi-agency facility for health, education, social work and family support
Councillor Taylor said: "It's great to see the progress on the site and when Orchard Bae opens in August for the start of the new school year I'm sure the children will be thrilled with their new facilities and surroundings.
"This is more than just a school we are building; it will be a community hub and a centre of best practice where children and staff will be able to enhance their potential in the best possible setting."
Caroline Stirton, the Executive Head Teacher at Orchard Brae said: "A significant amount of research, thought and planning has gone into the design of the Centre of Excellence which will incorporate Orchard Brae School. The state of the art facility will provide a central point from which children, young people who are affected by additional support needs and their families can access support and guidance from a range of partners.
"I feel really honoured to be able to play a part in shaping this model which is the first of its kind in Scotland and will help us improve the long term outcomes of our children and young people".
A special ASN playground and garden for the whole ASN community to access and host events is also planned.
Orchard Brae will provide education and support for up to 150 full-time children and young people aged 3 to 18 years, from across Aberdeen with severe and complex educational and medical needs, and will replace Woodlands School and Hazelwood School. A pre-school additional support service, currently provided in Seaton School, will also be relocated to the new facility.


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With the diverse group of therapists in my practice, we are able to provide support for children, teens, adults, seniors, people identifying as LGBTQIA+, veterans, immigrants, and more. Each therapist has her own areas of expertise. I specialize in helping people dealing with grief and loss or major life transitions. At these times there are so many strong emotions that can feel challenging to put into words, so we use creativity to express before words are necessary. No experience needed!
My Background and Approach
Clients come to me and Water & Stone to find a therapist that meets their needs without having to scour the entire city and multiple practices in the process. With a good fit between therapist and client, the shift in feeling grounded, more balanced, heard, and supported happens as soon as the first session. The contemplative approach focuses on where you are now as a human and the challenges you are dealing with, so you can develop tools to support your day to day life from the start while also looking at changing patterns and creating long lasting benefits in your life. Therapy creates a space for you and your therapist to work together in finding the path that leads to living your best life, building confidence in who you are as an individual, and offering a new way to be a part of the larger community that feels authentic, open, and connected.
My Personal Beliefs and Interests
By bringing together a diverse group of people I can more actively engage with and offer support to the greater NYC community. While I would love to support each person myself, I realized years ago that connecting with like minded, yet different people from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs allowed for others to be empowered and clients to find therapists who could help them in ways that I could not do alone. I believe that since I am in a position to create a space or system that can empower others I should use that to better the community, especially those in the world who are marginalized or under-served. I hope that I and my company can offer services that benefit a great many people as well as advocate for others in ways that move society to a healthier place.


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BEREA, Ohio– It appears the Cleveland Browns are closer to moving their training camp to Columbus.
In February, the Browns and a development group asked the state of Ohio to help pay $5 million in capital improvement budget to build a practice facility near Ohio State Univesity. At that time, the team said it would keep camp in Berea for the 2016 season.
The team released the following statement on the future training camp site Thursday afternoon:
"As we have consistently conveyed, based on our football operation's desires for training camp, we are considering various locations. Representatives have approached us about looking into different options, and currently, we are exploring an opportunity in Columbus, which would include a financial contribution from the team towards a community-based recreational facility. Throughout these discussions, we are focused on the core areas:
"1. Creating the ideal environment for our players and coaches to prepare for the NFL season,
"2. Ensuring that we can invest in and help create positive practicing at the proposed location and
"3. Creating special experiences for all Browns fans to interact with our team, including by continuing to host open sessions at our facility in Berea for fans in Northeast Ohio, above and beyond available training camp days. We will continue to diligently evaluate all options and will place great weight on each of these priorities while remaining committed to our year-round facility in Berea."
More stories on the Cleveland Browns here


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Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
Quick Facts
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
(757) 986-3705Map Directions
Things To Do
The Great Dismal Swamp has long been considered a place of natural beauty, mystery, and legend. The swamp is an integral part of the cultural history of the region and remains a place of refuge for both wildlife and people. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. It was established in 1974 to protect the unique ecosystem of the Great Dismal Swamp. It includes over 111,000-acres of forested wetlands, with Lake Drummond, a 3,100-acre lake, at its heart. The eastern side of the refuge is bound by the Dismal Swamp Canal, operated by the Army Corps of Engineers. Along the western border of the refuge is access to over 30 miles of hiking trails in the northwest portion of the refuge. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located not only between two states, but also between two eco-regions, allowing for a wide range of plant and animal species. Cypress, black gum, maple, Atlantic white cedar, and pine are the predominant tree species found on the refuge and support the wildlife within. Many mammal species, including black bear, bobcat, otter, and weasel along with over 70 species of reptiles and amphibians call the swamp home. More than 200 bird species can be seen at the swamp throughout the year, while 96 of those are known to nest on the refuge.
Fishing and boating is permitted year-round on Lake Drummond with access via the Feeder Ditch, connecting Lake Drummond with the Dismal Swamp Canal. A public boat ramp is located north of the Feeder Ditch on the Dismal Swamp Canal. Boats must be small enough to portage around the water control structure near the lake or to be lifted by electric tram to the higher level of the Lake. Lift weight is restricted to a maximum of 1,000 lbs. Vessels are limited to 25 hp on the Lake.
Boating access at the Interior Ditch boat ramp is by special permit on weekends only during the fishing season of April 1 to June 15. Additional information is available from the refuge office.
Bird Watching
Over two hundred species of birds have been identified on the refuge since its establishment; ninety-six of these species have been reported as nesting on or near the refuge. Birding is best during spring migration from April to June when the greatest diversity of species (particularly warblers) occurs. Winter brings massive movements of blackbirds and robins to the swamp. Two southern species, the Swainson's warbler and Wayne's warbler (a race of the Black-throated Green warbler), are more common in the Great Dismal Swamp than in other coastal locations. Other birds of interest are the wood duck, barred owl, pileated woodpecker, and prothonotary warbler.
A variety of unpaved roads provides opportunities for hiking and biking. Recommended is the Washington Ditch Trail, a 4 1/2 mile route to Lake Drummond and the elevated wooden Dismal Town Boardwalk Trail, located adjacent to the Washington Ditch parking area. The boardwalk meanders for a mile through a representative portion of swamp habitats.
Permitted year-round. A Virginia fishing license is required.
Most refuge trails are open to hiking and biking only. Visitors must stay on designated trails. Parking is available at both the Washington Ditch and Jericho Lane entrances. Trails are open daily, sunrise to sunset, unless otherwise posted.
Historic Sites
In 2004 the refuge was named part of the National Park Service's Underground Railroad Network to Freedom because the swamp offered some a refuge, however treacherous, from slavery. Visitors can see Jericho Ditch and Washington Ditch, where 18th and 19th-century slave crews felled trees for lumber mills in sweltering heat amid venomous snakes. Currently, archeologists are excavating important sites deep inside the swamp of "maroon" settlements of escaped slaves and their descendents who hid out there for two centuries up to the start of the Civil War. These remote and inhospitable dig sites are not accessible to the public, but soon visitors will be able to view refuge exhibits detailing how swamp dwellers survived.
Hunting programs occur on the refuge during posted seasons in October through mid November and portions of the refuge are closed to other trail access during these times.
Wildlife Watching
The swamp supports a variety of mammals including otter, bats, raccoon, mink, grey and red foxes, and grey squirrels. White-tailed deer are common throughout the refuge and, although rarely observed, black bear and bobcat inhabit the area.
Loaner backpacks are available for you to check-out for your day excursion on the trails of the Great Dismal Swamp. These backpacks are equipped with everything you need to make your wildlife observation experience more enjoyable including: two pairs of binoculars, species lists, field guide, magnifying glass and much more.
Open year-round. Dress appropriately for winter walks. By layering, it is easy to adjust to changing temperatures. Sturdy trail shoes are best for the dirt roads.
Directions for Trail-heads and Headquarters
For using internet mapping and direction software, use 3100 Desert Road, Suffolk, VA 23434 for the headquarters. For trail-heads, use 1325 White Marsh Road for Jericho Lane entrance, and 3100 White Marsh Road for Washington Ditch entrance. All are in Suffolk, VA 23434.
Note: For canoe, kayak, and small vessel access, you must enter the refuge from the east, via the Dismal Swamp Canal to the Feeder Ditch to Lake Drummond. Recommended water access is at the Chesapeake Dismal Swamp Public Boat Ramp. From U.S. Highway 17 in southern Chesapeake, exit at Ballahack Road. Continue west on Ballahack Road to reach the old George Washington Hwy. The boat ramp is just north of this intersection.
From Norfolk, Virginia Beach and Chesapeake, VA via I-64
Take I-64 East (Hampton Roads Inner Loop) toward Suffolk, VA Merge onto I-664 North via EXIT 299B on the LEFT toward US-13/BOWERS HILL/US-58/SUFFOLK/US-460/NEWPORT NEWS Move to the right two lanes and merge onto US-460 W/US-58 W/US-13 S via EXIT 13A toward SUFFOLK Exit onto US-58 Business Route (BR) W/US-460 BR W/PORTSMOUTH BLVD/US-13 BR S. Follow TO REFUGE TRAILHEADS or HEADQUARTERS below.
From Williamsburg/Richmond, VA
Follow I-64 East to I-664 South. Take Exit 13A- Suffolk (460/58/13 west), then follow TO THE REFUGE TRAILHEADS or HEADQUARTERS below.
To the Refuge Trailheads or Headquarters
Turn Left at the first light onto ROUTE 337, EAST WASHINGTON ST. At the second traffic light, turn left onto ROUTE 642, WHITE MARSH ROAD. Jericho Lane and Washington Ditch trailheads are on White Marsh Road. To continue to the headquarters, proceed on WHITE MARSH ROAD to the four-way stop. Turn left onto DESERT ROAD. Proceed 2 miles to the refuge office at 3100 DESERT ROAD.
From Southwest Virginia/ Western North Carolina
Follow US 58 EAST to Suffolk. Exit onto US 58 BUSINESS toward Downtown Suffolk. Merge onto ROUTE 337, WEST WASHINGTON STREET by proceeding straight ahead at the Hardee's. Turn right onto ROUTE 642/ WHITE MARSH ROAD JERICHO LANE AND WASHINGTON DITCH TRAILHEADS are on White Marsh Road. To continue to the headquarters, proceed on WHITE MARSH ROAD to the four-way stop. Turn left onto DESERT ROAD. Proceed 2 miles to the refuge office at 3100 DESERT ROAD.
From Eastern North Carolina
Take US 158 to ROUTE 32 NORTH. Turn Right onto WHITE MARSH ROAD (RT. 642). From the four-way stop, turn right onto DESERT ROAD and go about 2 miles to the refuge office. Also from the four-way stop, continue straight on WHITE MARSH ROAD to go to Washington Ditch and Jericho Lane trailheads.
Phone Numbers
Primary(757) 986-3705
Official URLhttp://www.fws.gov/refuge/great_dismal_swamp/
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CloudArena, founded in late 2011 by Ali Beklen, Arden Agopyan and Tolga Yalçınkaya, continues to bolster its funding structure and shows a rapid growth. The company is the creator of HotelRunner, a cloud based property, online sales and digital marketing management platform for hotels, and accommodations of all sizes.
CloudArena has raised a $1.5 million early stage funding round led by Aslanoba Capital with participation from 212 Capital Partners, the Company's seed investor. The additional capital coupled with revenue from the platform will accelerate the company's growth and innovation. The company will also increase the number of talents and perform acquisitions.View Post


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Genius can — and does, often enough — rise from the bottom of the social-financial pack. Children from the higher social levels score abut 20 points higher than those of the lower levels, but not the offspring over four or five generations after parents' genes have become thoroughly mixed at every fertilization.
Half of the country's leading researchers were educated in private schools — 7% of the total population. About 10% of the state secondary schools that take science seriously comprise the rest. Thus we waste four-fifths of the potential scientific talent who are frustrated by a lack of adequate science teaching. This is why the government is now beginning to take science teaching seriously for the first time in 150 years. If we don't, then we won't remain an advanced country for much longer.


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How to Install a Logitech Chillstream Gamepadby Mike Venture
Using a mouse and keyboard is great for certain game types, but third-person action/stealth games, such as the "Assassin's Creed" or "Arkham Asylum" series, lend themselves better to a controller or gamepad. Logitech's Chillstream gamepad is modeled after the standard Xbox 360 controller, with the addition of a unique in-grip fan feature that's intended to cool sweaty hands.
Step 1
Connect the Logitech Chillstream's USB cable to a USB port on your computer. You should see several lights illuminate on the face of the Chillstream.
Step 2
Verify that the built-in fans work by cycling through the settings (on, off, intermittent) using the button below the left thumbstick.
Step 3
Click Start on your computer.
Step 4
Type "game controllers" in the search box and press "Enter."
Step 5
Double-click the Chillstream's entry in the list under "Controllers."
Step 6
Click the "Settings" tab, then "Calibrate."
Step 7
Click "Next."
Step 8
Follow the instructions on-screen to calibrate the Chillstream for use.
Click "Finish" to save the calibration.
- Information in this article applies to Microsoft Windows 7. It may vary slightly or significantly with other versions or products.
- Not all games support gamepads.
- To use the Chillstream with a Windows XP computer, you'll need to download and install Microsoft's Xinput drivers prior to connecting the gamepad.
Photo Credits
- keyboard image by Fyerne from Fotolia.com


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text: (Bloomberg Opinion) -- President Donald Trump's vicious verbal assaults on four women of color who are members of Congress have sparked an avalanche of well-earned criticism, including from his own fervent supporters. As regular readers know, I'm fascinated by history, so I've been wondering where Trump's tweeted comments rank among the most racist made by presidents (or successful presidential candidates) during my lifetime..Let's start with what Trump said. He attacked the quartet as people "who originally came from countries whose governments are a complete and total catastrophe, the worst, most corrupt and inept anywhere in the world (if they even have a functioning government at all)." He added "Why don't they go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came.".This is dreadful stuff. In the second place, three of the four were born in the U.S., so they're already in the places from which they came. But in the first place, "Go back where you came from" was already a racist rallying cry when I was a kid, during the early years of integration. If the president of the United States is unaware of that history, Heaven preserve us..OK. So much for this past weekend. Now for my other contenders for most racist comment (again, I include those made by candidates only if they won):.Fourth place: In 1983, during debate over the establishment of a national holiday to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., President Ronald Reagan commented that "We will know in about 35 years" whether King was a Communist sympathizer. This was a reference to the sealed files containing records of the FBI's surveillance operation against the civil rights icon..Reagan was echoing a theme popular along the right fringe of his day. In a letter to former New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thompson, leaked around the same time, Reagan suggested that the push for a holiday was "based on an image, not reality." Historians have since dismissed claims that King was a Communist as nonsense..Reagan telephoned Coretta Scott King to offer a personal apology and signed the holiday bill, after which the controversy largely faded..Third place: In April 1980, Reagan, not yet even his party's nominee, stood at the Neshoba County Fair, a few miles from Philadelphia, Mississippi, where three civil rights workers were massacred in the sixties, and declared his support for states' rights. A storm of criticism followed. Here's the key passage: "I believe in states' rights; I believe in people doing as much as they can for themselves at the community level and at the private level. And I believe that we've distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended in the constitution to that federal establishment.".Over the years, Reagan's many defenders have insisted that he has been misunderstood. He was expressing "a rather mainstream sentiment," we're told. Or, as a well-known 2007 essay by Deroy Murdock explains: "Examined honestly, the diabolical phrase, 'state's rights,' ... dissolves into an innocuous call for Conservatism 101: A smaller federal government with revenues and public programs left as close to the people as possible.".But David Brooks, even as he agreed in a 2007 column that Reagan's speech has been badly misrepresented, nailed the actual problem with the future president's words: "It's callous, at least, to use the phrase 'states' rights' in any context in Philadelphia.".Exactly. Reagan needn't have been trying to win racist votes; he could simply have been careless. But carelessness on so grand a scale — a failure to understand the significance of the words in that place and at that time — bespeaks at minimum a titanic ignorance of the language around which the horrific and violent struggle for equality was being waged..Second place: Jimmy Carter (also, at the time, only a candidate for the presidency) said during a news conference in 1976 that he would not try to alter the "ethnic purity" of neighborhoods. He pledged not to "use the federal government's authority deliberately to circumvent the natural inclination of people to live in ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods." Lest he be misunderstood, he used the specific examples of "black intrusion" and "alien groups.".I've always admired Jimmy Carter, but he said what he said. After being hammered by both primary opponents and his own staff, Carter apologized two days later. He also rushed to endorse the Humphrey-Hawkins full employment bill that he had previously opposed. As president, Carter generally supported a strong civil-rights agenda. Still, the sting of "ethnic purity" lingers..That might have been the worst, if not for ….First place: Trump, then a candidate, was challenged in 2016 by Pakistani-Americans Khizr and Ghazala Khan, whose son had died while serving in the U.S. military in Iraq. During the Democratic National Convention, the Khans took the stage to lambaste Trump for negative comments about Muslim immigrants. Asked about the criticism later, the candidate was obtuse and offensive: "If you look at his wife, she was standing there. She had nothing to say. She probably — maybe she wasn't allowed to have anything to say. You tell me.".Trump was skewered by critics, including the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and many in his own party. Ghazala Khan responded that it was grief, not religion, that caused her to stand silently beside her husband. Mike Pence, Trump's running mate, said exactly the right thing — "Donald Trump and I believe that Captain Humayun Khan is an American hero and his family, like all Gold Star families, should be cherished by every American" — but Trump himself never quite managed to climb past his own thin-skinned pigheadedness..*.That's my list. Where should Trump's latest vileness rank? I'll leave that up to the reader, but it's certainly a contender for a top spot. In any event, I have a prediction about the future..Unlike Carter, Trump is unlikely to endorse policies he once opposed to try to prove he's no racist. Trump isn't classy enough to apologize, as Carter did in 1976 and Reagan did in 1983. He's also not bold enough to go out of his way to visit black leaders and address black organizations to assure them of his commitment to equality, as Reagan did in 1980..No. Trump is going to stay Trump, pretending that all his troubles are the fault of his enemies, making no effort to control the offensive nonsense that too often tumbles from his mouth..To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael Newman at email@example.com column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners..Stephen L. Carter is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist. He is a professor of law at Yale University and was a clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. His novels include "The Emperor of Ocean Park," and his latest nonfiction book is "Invisible: The Forgotten Story of the Black Woman Lawyer Who Took Down America's Most Powerful Mobster." .©2019 Bloomberg L.P.


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Auburn Library, 1102 Auburn Way S. 253- 931-3018. Library events include:
Kaleidoscope Play & Learn-Spanish: 10:30 a.m.-noon. Mondays. No program on May 27. Newborn to age 5 with caregiver. Have fun singing songs, telling stories, reading books, creating art and playing.
Infant and Young Toddler Story Times: 10:15 a.m. Tuesdays. No program on May 28. Ages newborn to 24 months, with adult. Stories, songs and fun. Playtime follows.
Family Evening Story Times: 7 p.m. Tuesdays. No program on May 28. All ages welcome, ages 6 and younger with adult. Stories, songs and fun.
Toddler Story Times: 10:30 a.m. Thursdays. No program on May 30. Ages 2 to 3, with adult. Stories, songs and fun. Playtime follows.
Preschool Story Times: 11:15 a.m. Thursdays. Ages 3 to 7 with adult. Stories, songs and fun.
Sculpting on the Road: 4-5 p.m. May 1. Ages 5 to 12, ages 5 to 8 with adult. KidsQuest Children's Museum brings a creative clay sculpting workshop to the library. Explore a variety of ceramic tools and techniques as we create unique pieces of art with a different local artist each month. Art pieces will be fired at the museum and returned to the library for pick-up. Space is limited. Please pick up a ticket starting half an hour before the program.
Free Comic Book Day: 10 a.m.-2 p.m. In partnership with Fantasium Comics and Games. Celebrate Free Comic Book Day by picking up free comics at the library while supplies last.
Story Club: 4-5 p.m. May 7. At White River Valley Museum, 918 H St. SE, Auburn. "Game Changer: John McLendon and the Secret Game" by John Coy. Ages 7 and older with adult. Share and discuss a story, then look at the history that connects with it, history about people like you! Why do we love sports so much? Find out how sports build community and sometimes change the way we think and live. Snacks provided.
Study Zone: 2-4 p.m. Sundays; 4-6 p.m. Wednesdays. Grades K-12. Need a place to study or get homework help? Drop in any time during Study Zone hours for some helpful assistance from a volunteer tutor.
Anime Club: 3:30-5 p.m. May 6. For middle and high school ages. Calling all anime/manga fans. Watch anime, discuss manga and eat Japanese snacks. Note: Anime titles may include some that are rated PG-13.
Learn to Sew with Sew Up Seattle: 11 a.m.-1 p.m. May 11. Presented by Sew Up Seattle instructors Liisa Mannery and Dikka Ballantine. Ages 12 and older. Always wanted to learn how to sew? Here is your opportunity. Learn the basics of machine sewing while completing a simple project. Space limited: tickets available beginning one hour before program start.
Hyperbolic Crochet Craft Workshop: 2-3 p.m. May 11. Presented by Lisa Keller, Galloping Horse Makers. Ages 10 through adult, ages 10 to 12 with adult. Learn about hyperbolic geometry, creating a flat and spherical design in crochet. No previous crochet experience required. Space is limited: tickets available beginning one hour before program start.
Teen Volunteer Council: 3:30 p.m. Tuesdays. For high school ages. Do you want to make a difference in your community? Join the Auburn Library's Teen Volunteer Council to: develop important skills for school, earn community service hours to complete high school requirements and gain leadership skills. Snacks provided.
Genealogy Assistance: 12:30-2:30 p.m. May 1, 15. Volunteers from South King County Genealogical Society will be available to answer your questions.
Need Help from DSHS?: 11 a.m.-2 p.m. May 7, 21. Do you need help from the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS)? The Department of Social and Health Services is a lifeline providing the basics of daily living to Washington residents who are in need of some assistance. DSHS and its partners provide protection, comfort, food assistance, cash assistance and a host of other services. Stop by the table to ask questions, get advice and sign up for assistance. No appointment necessary.
Job Search Coaching: 1-2:30 p.m. May 9, 23. For teens and adults. Join Julie Sanchez from Multi-Service Center to write your resume, improve your interviewing skills or learn about financial management. Julie will tailor each session to those who come, so bring your questions.
Auburn Fiber Arts Fair: Weaving the Community Together through Crafts: 11 a.m.-4 p.m. May 11. All ages welcome. Knitting, weaving, quilting, sewing, spinning, crochet and more! Enjoy free activities including hands-on workshops, demonstrations, exhibits, story time and crafts!
Third Thursday Afternoon Book Club: 2-3 p.m. May 16. "Midnight in Broad Daylight" by Pamela Rotner Sakamoto. Come for a lively discussion.
Sometimes Heroes, America's Changing Relationship with Its Veterans: 2-4 p.m. May 18. Presented by Jeb Wyman, Seattle Central College. America hasn't always celebrated its military. Why and how has our attitude changed? Wyman examines America's relationship to wars and veterans over the last century. He looks at what shapes our current national consciousness towards veterans and the wars they fight in our name. Come and join the conversation.
Coordinated Entry for All, Housing Resources: 10 a.m.-12:45 p.m. May 24. Coordinated Entry for All (CEA) ensures that people experiencing homelessness in King County can get help finding stable housing by identifying, evaluating and connecting them to housing support services and resources. Take the first step and drop in to meet with a Family Development Specialist from Multi-Service Center. Questions? Call the Multi-Service Center, 253-838-6810.
English as a Second Language (ESL) Classes: 6-8:30 p.m., Mondays and Wednesdays. No program on May 27. Presented by Green River College. Learn how to read, write and speak English with an experienced instructor. Registration required. Please contact Green River College: 253-833-9111, ext. 2315.
Job Corps Information: 1-3 p.m. Fridays. Ages 16 to 24. A representative from Job Corps will be available to answer questions about this. Job Corps offers free vocational training and academic classes.
Talk Time classes: 10-11:30 a.m. Saturdays. Practice speaking English with other English language learners. Learn about American culture and meet people from around the world. Classes are free, join anytime. Registration not required. Walk-ins welcome.
Computer classes?: If you're interested in attending a computer class, please call 253-931-3018. • One-on-One Computer Help: 10:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m.May 4 and May 18; 6 p.m. and 7 p.m., May 8 and May 22; • Microsoft Word 2016 Level 1, noon, May 9 and 7 p.m. May 14; • Microsoft Excel 2016 Level 2, noon, May 16; • Microsoft Word 2016 Level 2, 7 p.m. May 21; • Microsoft Excel 2016 Level 3, noon, May 23.
Algona-Pacific Library, 225 Ellingson Road, Pacific. 253-833-3554. Library events include:
Toddler Story Times: 10:15 a.m. Tuesdays. No program May 28. Ages 1½ to 3 with adult. Stories, songs and fun.
Preschool Story Times: 11 a.m. Tuesdays. No program May 28. Ages 3 to 5 with adult. Stories, songs and fun.
Family Story Time: 10 a.m. May 3. At the Pacific Community Center, 305 Milwaukee Blvd. S., Pacific; 10:30 a.m. May 17. At Algona Community Center, 200 Washington Blvd., Algona. All ages welcome, ages 6 and younger with adult.
Preschool Discovery Lab: 2-3 p.m. Thursdays. No program May 30. Att Pacific Community Center, 305 Milwaukee Blvd., Pacific. Presented by KidsQuest Museum education staff. Ages 2 to 5 with adult. Start with a story and then learn playful ways to engage with math, scientific thinking and literacy skills through age-appropriate learning centers.
Fancy Nancy Soirée: 1-2:30 p.m. May 4. Ages 4 to 8 with adult. You are cordially invited to attend a soirée. Soirée is French for party (everything is fancier in French). Remember to dress in your fanciest clothes.
Reading with Rover: 6 p.m. May 15. For school-age children accompanied by an adult. Make someone happy – read to a dog. Build reading skills and confidence by reading aloud to a certified therapy dog in a welcoming environment. Reading with Rover is a community-based literacy program working with schools and libraries throughout the greater Seattle area.
Study Zone: 3-5 p.m. Mondays and Tuesdays 5-7 p.m. Wednesdays-Thursdays. No program May 27. Grades K-12. Need a place to study or get homework help? Drop in any time during Study Zone hours for some helpful assistance from a volunteer tutor.
Teen Zone: 3:30-5 p.m. Thursdays. Grades 5-12. Play video games, snack, hang out, study or pick up a good book. All in the same place.
Anime Club: 3:30-5 p.m. May 21 Middle and high school ages. Calling all anime/manga fans. Watch anime, discuss manga and eat Japanese snacks. Note: Anime titles may include some that are rated PG-13. Sponsored by the Friends of the Algona-Pacific Library.
Hyperbolic Crochet Craft Workshop: 4-5:30 p.m. May 6. Presented by Lisa Keller, Galloping Horse Makers. Ages 10 through adult, ages 10 to 12 with adult. Learn about hyperbolic geometry, creating a flat and spherical design in crochet. No previous crochet experience required.
Finger Knitting: 4-5 p.m. May 20. Presented by Lisa Keller, Galloping Horse Makers. Ages 8 to adult, ages 8 to 10 with adult. Choose from a variety of colorful yarns and create a couple of pieces that can be used as bracelets, necklaces, hair bands and more. Embellish with buttons, ribbons and additional doodads.
Create a Jeweled Dragon Egg Art Workshop: 4-5 p.m. May 28. Presented by Johannes Quilitz. Ages 8 through adult, ages 8 to 10 with adult. Many legends suggest that dragons are born from eggs. Create a jeweled textured sculpture egg and discuss writing your own story or myth.
English as a Second Language (ESL) Classes: 12-2:30 p.m., Mondays and Wednesdays. No program May 27. Learn to read, write and speak English with an experienced instructor from Green River College. Registration required. Please contact Green River College: 253-833-9111, ext. 2315.
Algona-Pacific Page Turners Book Club: 7:30-8:30 p.m. May 15. Share your love of books and connect with fellow readers. The title for this month is "The Japanese Lover" by Isabel Allende.
City of Pacific Repair Café: 3-6 p.m. May 20. At Pacific Community Center, 305 Milwaukee Blvd. S, Pacific. Don't toss your broken lamp, pair of ripped jeans or busted chair! Bring them to the free Repair Café! Skilled "fixers" will help you repair your damaged household items to keep them out of the landfill and save you money. To sign up to attend the Repair Café, or if you have questions, contact Tom Watson via email at firstname.lastname@example.com or by calling 206.477.4481.
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She's got one of the most envied bodies in the world, and it's certainly not hard to see why.
Beyoncé is seen showing off her incredible figure in the new H&M Summer campaign, wearing a variety of tiny two-pieces.
The 31-year-old singer displays her washboard abs and hourglass figure as she smoulders for the camera in the new shots.
From a yellow halterneck bikini to a black fringed number and a tie-dye two-piece, Beyoncé looks picture perfect in every image, shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin.
Beyoncé said of the campaign: 'I've always liked H&M's focus on fun and affordable fashion. I really loved the concept we collaborated on to explore the different emotions of women represented by the four elements – fire, water, earth and wind. 'It was a beautiful shoot on a tropical island. It felt more like making a video than a commercial.'
Donald Schneider, Creative Director of H&M, added: 'H&M's summer campaign starring Beyoncé is an epic fantasy, with glamour, drama and also a sense of paradise. 'It was amazing to watch her on the shoot make it all look effortless – a quality that makes her such an icon for women around the world. The campaign is the essence of Beyoncé, and also the essence of H&M this summer.' And Ann-Sofie Johansson, Head of Design for H&M, said: 'In the campaign Beyoncé is wearing the key pieces from H&M you need for life in the sun this summer.
'There's the perfect bodycon dress, as well as a flowing sun dress that makes a real statement. And of course there are the bikinis, especially the fringed bikini.
'What makes these pieces even more special is that Beyoncé herself had input into the design, and they are full of her own personal style.' The images of the singer, which will be featured on billboards and editorial adverts worldwide, see her billed as Beyoncé as Mrs. Carter in H&M – referring to the star's upcoming Mrs. Carter world tour. The new H&M campaign will hit stores and online from May, and features swimwear and beachwear pieces as well as a tie-dye bikini from the H&M for Water collection.


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music / News
Chris Cornell's Wife Blames His Doctor For His Suicide
TMZ reports that Chris Cornell's wife Vicky Karayiannis is blaming the suicide of her husband on his doctor, claiming that he never should have prescribed painkillers to him. She was on Good Morning America this morning, where she said that Cornell had a shoulder injury and was given benzodiazepine for pain relief. However, Cornell was a recovering addict and shouldn't have been given that kind of drug without supervision. She claimed that he began to abuse it, which led to a relapse. She believes he loved life and never would have committed suicide if he was sober.
Cornell hung himself in his hotel room last May in Detroit, just after completing a Soundgarden concert. He had several drugs in his system, including a sedative, barbiturates and Ativan.


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The Defense Department reported a roughly twofold increase in soldiers losing their security clearances due to high debt. Owing others large amounts of money is an identified risk for those in the military. Those struggling to stay afloat could reduce their debts by selling secrets.
Whether it results in bribery or treason, the Pentagon continues to monitor this metric. How many soldiers were just filling their patriotic duty of going shopping for their country as ordered by their Commander in Chief post 9-11? How many did their part to help record corporate profits? How many spent their money on personal body armor to increase their chances of coming home in one piece?


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Point to Ponder: Children seldom misquote you. In fact, they usually repeat word for word what you shouldn't have said.
Story Line: Last week our four years old grandson had come over for bonding time with us. In one of his previous visits he had noticed a statue of Buddha in our garden and asked several questions about it. From then on he calls us "Buddha Grand Pa and Buddha Grand Ma" and other Grand Parents by another special name; I guess it must be for clarity in communication.
While he was at our place, we took him on many field trips including a visit to Intel Museum. On the way, the little guy asked, "What does Intel do?" We told him that Intel made silicon chips.
To that he said: WOW! I like chips. I will eat a lot.
We told him: You can't eat those chips. But he kept insisting that he wanted to eat them.
Unable to persuade him with technical explanations, we resorted to the last option "You can't eat them. They are made with poisonous chemicals "
In the late evening he was FaceTime with his parents and cautioned them "Don't eat Intel chips. They have poison in them"
As the call ended and realizing that he needed to follow his routine of taking bath before going to sleep, I told him in hurry " Go and tell Grand Ma, I want to take bath now."
A few minutes later he returned and said "I told Buddha Grand Ma that you want to take bath now."
Reflection: Yes indeed, clear and crisp communication has been my area of improvement (IR) and it has resulted in many funny episodes in and out of home all my life. But no major harm done and a lot of entertainment.


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Set Aside Blog Time — It's Crucial
What's the perfect job? Think about a job where you are your unique boss, you set your own hours, work right from house, never have to deal with unreasonable deadlines and get to do something you love doing? Sound good? Well option job description of a blog owner. That, however , is the not really the whole story! There are incredibly, very few bloggers who have not more than that to do but work on their blog and even fewer that have a blog that provides a great source of income so blogging is, for most, a second or even a third job.
You will find two basic types of bloggers, the casual tumblr and the serious blogger.
The casual blog owner may have a fundamentally well balanced life and a blog that is primarily a hobby. The casual blogger begins writing a post, am employed at it for a while and then stop to get some other things done until he or she feels like writing again. If a finished post isn't going to get many comments, that is certainly OK; the post portrayed just what the casual blogger wanted to say and it could be out there if anyone is interested.
The serious blogger's situation is quite different from the casual blogger's. The serious blog owner has a blog that he or she looks at to be a job — job that may be competing with other significant elements of life such as a most important job, a family, a interpersonal life and adequate recuperate. The serious blogger is determined (almost to the point of your obsession) to maintaining his or her blog and feels it is an essential element of daily life. The blogger feels dejected in cases where any post sits relating to the blog for twenty-four several hours or so without generating a comment or if the blog's hit counter does not sign-up a certain number of visitors every day. That kind of commitment to operating a blog may take a big hunk of your time out of the day and can without difficulty create some serious disputes between blogging and the associated with life — to avoid this, the serious blogger needs to be prepared and efficient.
Time management for the serious blogger! Anyone who feels which the day is too short must understand and implement the fundamental principle of time management: setting up priorities. Some things are certainly more important than other things however, many important things may be left undone unless you are controlling your agenda and not having random occasions control you. You need to establish priorities and live by simply them.
Help to make a priority list! To begin establishing priorities, make a list of everything you must get done — everything including things you've committed to carrying out, things you want to do, things you find out you should do and factors that you really don't want to do but are on your mind. Be honest and put almost everything on the list — take a few hours or more to put that together if you need that much period, it will be time well spent because you are about to obtain organized.
Crucial: You will be using and changing this list every day consequently create the list using several program that will allow you to focus list items around, put items, remove items and save the list. Categorize! At this point carefully consider each item on the list and put each an individual into one of the following five categories.
Must get it done today
Must get it done now
Nice to try and might be beneficial
Nice to do but not really necessary
You have a decent priority list. Start every day with this list and every time you feel aware of a new task put it in a proper place to the proper category. As the must do items are accomplished and moved off the list, a number of the nice-to-do items may be transported up, but only if all their priorities can honestly become changed.
Just too many must-do things! If the list of items in the two Need to get it done… categories is overwhelming, reconsider each item's importance and re-prioritize if you can, if not select the items that you really don't have to do yourself, things like fix-it projects, business phone calls, business letters, www.exa.pl editing and proofreading jobs, etc . — some of these things may be able to be achieved just as well by someone else. Discover a friend, family member, co-worker or a freelancer to do it for you.


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Parenting: Flat Tires & Lessons in Flexibility
If I've learned one thing about being a parent in the nearly 2.5 years that I've been one, it's the importance of flexibility in the face of the small (and large) curve balls life occasionally throws your way. That flexibility is more important than ever because all of sudden what just happened impacts your child too. Now not only do you need to make lemonade out of lemons, you also need to convince your kid to drink it. This is not something I excel at, but I'm trying to get better. Freaking out (and occasionally cursing), my unfortunate natural tendency during times of small but inconvenient crises, is generally problematic when the situation also involves a toddler. Sure, I'm a good mom when everything is going well but what about when things aren't going so well? That's when the rubber really meets the road. In our case today, the rubber meeting the road was quite literally our problem. We were doing great–we were on time, Liam was in a good mood all morning, and we were singing Christmas carols as we pulled out of the driveway. As I pulled out, something sounded and felt terrible and I got out to discover that one of my tires was completely flat. FUDGICLES.
I started to panic a little. I pulled Liam inside the house and called AAA (I know, I know, I should know how to change a flat but why else do you pay for a AAA membership, right?). They came quickly and replaced my flat tire with my spare but with the impending snow coming our way, they recommended I get a new one put on right away. Here's where I really started to freak out. I was already late for work, I needed to get a new tire ASAP and Liam had no idea what was going on and why weren't on our way to school. While I was trying to formulate a plan (and check in with my boss and check my email), Liam was running around me, giggling and jumping into my lap. At any other moment this might have seemed cute but right then, I was pretty annoyed and yelled, "STOP IT LIAM!" The poor kid looked crushed and I felt terrible. At that moment, I realized that to him this was just an unexpected morning home with mom – a treat on a weekday – and my anxiety over the time missed at work and figuring out the best way deal with the situation had turned it into a tense one. I took a deep breath, put him in the car to drive to our local dealership, and vowed to be more patient and calm.
The dealer took the car and we hung out in the waiting area. It was dead quiet being a weekday morning so we set up a little picnic with some granola bars I had in my bag and Liam drew on business cards with crayons. They even had a little play area with toy trucks and trains which we played with together. I checked my phone a few times to make sure nothing urgent came in, but for the most part, tried to really be present with Liam and make the best of the situation. Everything ended up working out really well – the tire was able to be patched, Liam and I got to spend some unexpected quality play time together, and I even made it to work by 10:00. All in all, not bad given the circumstances.
Was it a stressful morning? Yep. But it didn't need to be as stressful as I was making it at the start and it was amazing how much the morning improved when I stopped myself from making a bad morning worse. That kind of parenting flexibility is not a natural thing for me but mornings like this prove just how important it is to work on both for me and for Liam.
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