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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging modality providing high-resolution and high-speed volumetric images with depth of penetration in tissue on the order of a millimeter, which has become more common in clinical and biomedical applications due to the ability to resolve diagnostically relevant features.1 OCT applications are currently being developed for many organs, including the small distal airways of the lung. In order to access these highly constrained and hard-to-reach areas, OCT systems are often catheter based. Catheter-based systems for in vivo clinical imaging have been developed for cardiology, gastroenterology, and pulmonology.1–5 Specifically in the lung, OCT can visualize distal airway tissue structures at high resolution and when combined with autofluorescence imaging (AFI), can probe specific molecular components of airway tissue such as collagen and elastin.2,6,7 Therefore, combined OCT–AFI systems can produce complementary information that may enable increased detection and characterization of structural and functional features associated with different lung diseases. Our group has previously reported a combined endoscopic OCT–AFI instrument using a double-clad fiber (DCF) catheter that is capable of detecting pulmonary nodules and vascular networks.7
Successful application of catheter-based OCT for in vivo pulmonary imaging requires overcoming several challenges including motion artifacts associated with the cardiac cycle, breathing, and nonuniform rotation distortion (NURD), that make identification of structures such as blood vessels difficult.4 Cardiac and breathing motion artifacts are more prominent when the heartbeat and respiratory periods are much shorter than the total data acquisition time. Cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts can be reduced to some degree by decreasing the image acquisition time, but even then there remains a need to compensate for NURD artifacts. Catheters using micromotors to directly rotate the optical assembly are expected to have less severe NURD artifacts compared to proximally driven torque cable catheters;8 however, the miniaturization of these catheters to access the narrowest organ sites is limited by the relatively large size of the motor. Moreover, due to the difficulty in fabricating perfectly balanced micromotors, NURD can still degrade image quality.
Understanding and correcting motion artifacts may improve image quality and subsequent interpretation. Several techniques have been proposed to correct NURD in catheter-based OCT systems. Structural landmarks, or fiducial markers, have been used to register successive frames using extrinsic objects.8,9 Reflections from the sheath or optical components of the catheters can also be used for correcting rotational fluctuations caused by NURD.10 In other studies, adjacent A-lines or frames have been registered by maximizing crosscorrelation between the speckle in adjacent search regions.4,11 Another method measures the rotational speed of a catheter by determining the statistical variation in the speckle between adjacent A-lines.12 However, poor tissue apposition regions can result in inaccurate rotational speed interpolation. Yet, methods using cross correlation or phase information may be more sensitive to speckle noise and generally require highly correlated A-line data. Finally, some methods require disabling the pullback entirely.10,11
In this work, the motion artifacts in pulmonary OCT–AFI data sets are estimated from both AFI and OCT images based on azimuthal registration of slowly varying structures in the two-dimensional (2-D) en face image or the calculated en face image of a 3-D image data set. These estimations can be used to correct or reduce such artifacts. We present a new method called azimuthal en face-image registration (AEIR) for motion correction that is applicable to any 3-D or 2-D rotational catheter data with repeating angularly varying values that correlate with physical structures. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated on images generated from NURD phantoms, in vivo OCT–AFI datasets of peripheral lung airways, and known images with simulated artifacts applied.
Materials and Methods
Imaging Systems
The OCT–AFI system used in this study has been previously described.7 Briefly, the OCT subsystem employs a 50.4-kHz wavelength-swept source (SSOCT-1310, Axsun Technologies Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts) with the illumination centered at 1310 nm with 100 nm bandwidth. The AFI subsystem uses a 445-nm semiconductor laser (CUBE 445-40C, Coherent, Santa Clara, California). The OCT and AFI modalities are combined into a single DCF-based catheter. The catheter fiber-optic assembly consists of a length of DCF (9/105/125-20PI, FUD-3489, Nufern, East Granby, Connecticut) spliced to beam-shaping fiber optics (comprised of step-index multimode, graded-index, and angle-polished no-core fibers). A rotary-pullback drive unit allows volumetric OCT–AFI imaging of airways up to 7 cm in length. The OCT and AFI signals are collected simultaneously and custom data acquisition software collects and processes the data for immediate display.
Phantom and In Vivo Imaging
The NURD phantom was a 3-D-printed object that contained eight parallel, evenly spaced features that were oriented along the path, such that deviations from the expected geometry due to NURD could be quantified.13 This phantom can be created for catheters of various diameters and with complex imaging paths with multiple bends. OCT–AFI of this phantom was obtained to enable the identification of NURD artifacts.
In vivo pulmonary OCT–AFI imaging of human subjects was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Cancer Agency. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and optical imaging was performed during flexible bronchoscopy under local anesthesia applied to the upper airways and conscious sedation.
Motion Correction Method
In our study, the AFI and OCT imaging modalities generate 2-D and 3-D images, respectively. Each logarithmic-scaled OCT frame or AFI was resized to either 504 or 512 A-lines or pixels along the rotational direction depending on the original number of A-lines, which was variable between different image acquisition sessions. The approach used for motion correction, AEIR, is based on calculating the correlation between pixels along the rotational direction and the corresponding adjacent (in direction of pullback) pixels from a previous frame. This method assumes that slowly varying structures exist in the direction of the pullback in the en face image and that continuous angular mismatch corresponding to motion artifact can be estimated from these structures. These visible structures arise from biological features, such as the vascular networks, collagen network, and alveoli. The features that are detected in the 2-D image can be used to assess the degree and form of the motion artifacts.
The rotational catheter generates a continuous stream of equally time-spaced pixels or A-lines respective to AFI or OCT images with index . We represent the 2-D AFI or 2-D projection of OCT volume (en face image) as where is the frame index (integer division of by number of pixel or A-lines per frame), and is the rotation index position in pixels (remainder after division). Although and are functions of time, for simplicity, the time dependency of and is not explicitly stated here. If no abrupt discontinuities associated with motion artifacts occur, the continuity of the motion and the slow variations make the motion artifact problem ideally qualified for treatment with windowed dynamic time warping (WDTW).11 WDTW is a dynamic programming (DP) technique for matching and aligning two time series, by finding the optimal continuous path through a cost matrix while restricting search range within the matrix. The cost matrix measures similarities between pixels in adjacent frames. This optimal continuous path representing the correlations between adjacent rotations can be used to align the pullback data.
A quick overview of the proposed AEIR method is presented in following steps:
• Select data from a 2-D image (AFI) or calculate an en face projection of a 3-D image (OCT)
• Select two pullback frames and ;
• Construct a cost matrix by comparing a strip, , centered on within frame with multiple strips () within frame using Eq. (1);
• Rescale the cost matrix to reduce noise and ensure proper connectivity constraints by and factors;
• Compute the DP solution for the optimal continuous path representing the estimated motion artifacts;
• Rescale the path to its original size in the image;
• Apply the correction by reversing the obtained path.
• (For a 2-D image) A motion-corrected image is generated.
• (For a 3-D image) Apply the same correction to the original frames; moving A-lines in conjunction with their calculated en face pixel, this will give a motion-corrected 3-D image.
As the proposed method uses en face images, a mean intensity projection along the A-line for each B-scan is obtained for 3-D image data sets, which results in a 2-D image . When compared to the maximum intensity projection, we have found that the mean intensity projection gives an en face image with higher contrast. The en face image is smoothed using a median filter to reduce speckle noise in the image.
Figure 1 shows the first two steps needed to construct the cost matrix. The algorithm proposed here uses strips of length centered on each pixel along the rotational direction ( direction) as in Fig. 1(a) on the image (at the beginning and end of a frame, strips reach into the neighboring en face image column to the temporally closest pixels). Each strip from ()'th frame is compared to the corresponding () strips from the previous pullback frame , []; represents the 'th pixel/strips in the en face pullback frame and is a parameter of the algorithm determining the number of strips in the 'th column to be compared with them [Fig. 1(b)]. The strips are compared using the following equation as the measure of similarity to construct the cost matrix
In our method, each frame is corrected one by one and the corrected frame is used as the reference of comparison to correct the next frame. In order to maintain the continuity of a frame to its next frame, the cost matrix for the ()'th frame, , is concatenated to to construct , where . This cost matrix is resampled by stretching the vertical -direction with a parameter (to get subline precision) and downsampled along with a parameter reducing noise as well as constraining angle steps. The optimal continuous path through the cost matrix representing motion artifacts, which accounts for the continuous rotation of the catheter, can be found using DP, and then resampled to its original size. Image correction can be applied by reversing the obtained optimal path; pullback columns are aligned by replacing each pixel with one that is shifted based on the obtained path.14 The same correction is applied to the 3-D frames since each pixel in the en face-frame corresponds to an A-line in the 3-D frame. For this work, all images were processed in MATLAB®, and the interpolation methods were specified to use "bicubic" for resizing images and "Pchip" for aligning pixels or A-lines in MATLAB® R2014a.
For our system, the AFI and OCT images are obtained simultaneously and are therefore subject to the same motion artifacts. For motion correction of 3-D OCT images, we can use corrections from either the AFI or en face OCT image and apply it to the 3-D OCT frames. These two different correction options are denoted as () and (). We have applied our technique to the AFI and OCT images of an NURD phantom and in vivo clinical pulmonary images.
Van Soest et al.11 previously used DP for correction of NURD artifacts in OCT images called azimuthal registration of image sequences (ARIS). They used the L2 norm to measure similarity and calculated the cost matrix from full A-lines of OCT frames being aligned. In order to compare the corrections based on full A-lines in the OCT frame and the -pixel strip in the en face image, we also applied a similar method to construct the cost matrix based on full A-lines using Eq. (1). The result of the correction from this method is denoted as .
Quantitative Analysis
In order to quantitatively characterize the correction for each method, we have evaluated the correction using two approaches.
In the first approach, we have quantitatively evaluated the correction on the NURD phantom images. Each image contains four gray and black strips that create eight edges in total. Motion artifacts make length of the edges to be longer than an ideal straight edge. We detected the edges in each image and measured their lengths by calculating the Euclidean distance between each pixel along the edge. The measured lengths were normalized by length of an ideal strip with no motion artifacts. The average normalized length () was calculated for phantoms images.
The second approach for quantitative analysis of motion corrections was evaluated on both phantom and in vivo images. To perform a quantitative analysis of the amount of correction needed for each image and the amount of correction applied by each of the methods one needs to know the ground truth image, the starting image without detectable motion artifacts, to which a known amount and type of motion artifact is added, then the ground truth image with artifact can be corrected by the algorithm and the correction adjustments compared to the known applied artifact. In other words, we need to know the artifacts in the image to compare against the applied correction. For this purpose, we have simulated motion artifacts in endoscopic OCT and AF images with frequencies similar to those observed in our NURD phantom and in vivo image data sets. We have observed motion artifacts in these images to be noisy sinusoidal patterns along the pullback direction with different frequencies depending on the type of artifact;4,8,12,13 e.g., heart beat (frequency 1 to 2 Hz) and breathing artifacts () are generated with their respective frequencies, whereas nonbiological NURD artifacts can have high and/or low frequencies as it also can be seen in Figs. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5–6(a).
We created a model to simulate these motion artifacts that consists of a combination of wavelets for each respective type of artifact along pullback direction. Each wavelet can be calculated simply by placing a Gaussian envelope over a sine wave with a corresponding frequency for each artifact type.Figs. 8–11(g). Two simulated artifacts are applied to an NURD phantom and in vivo images as shown in Figs. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10–11(b).
A 3-D digital phantom with no artifacts, an NURD phantom, and an in vivo image with limited observable artifacts were the ground truth images we used in this study. We generated a digital 3-D phantom with four circular targets at the same depth in each frame. Each circular target has a different radius and intensity, which gives a similar pattern to the NURD phantom's image. For the NURD phantom and in vivo image, we have chosen a scan/pullback with little visible motion artifacts. We have applied our method iteratively to correct for unobservable artifacts (that are detectable by the algorithm) until there was little change between corrections. The en face (linear mean) projections of the digital phantom, precorrected NURD phantom, and in vivo image were used as the ground truth images. Two simulated artifacts were applied to these ground truth images to generate ground truth images with artifacts for each image. These images were then corrected using three different correction methods. Each correction method generated a correction matrix () representing the artifacts detected in the image to be corrected. This correction matrix was compared to the artifact matrix to quantitatively evaluate the degree of correction achieved by each of the methods.
Two parameters were defined to quantitatively evaluate the amount of correction each method accomplishes: (1) correlation coefficient () and (2) average compensated difference (). The correlation coefficient was calculated between the correction and artifact matrixes using the following equation:
The difference between and was defined as the difference matrix (). In the correction method, each frame is compared with its previous frame; thus, an error in a frame can propagate to all subsequent frames. To compensate for this possible accumulation of an error measure over multiple subsequent frames and to localize the mistake to its original frame, a subtraction of the previous frame values was calculated for frame two and above and denoted as the compensated difference matrix (). The average of was named .
Figure 7(c) shows good correspondence between the visual assessment of the amount of artifacts corrected and this figure of merit.
NURD Phantom and In Vivo Image Corrections
Performance of the correction methods on the 3-D images was visually examined using the en face images. Different sets of parameters () were evaluated to apply correction where the parameters were allowed to vary between , , , and with step size 20 for and , and 1 for and . The optimal parameters for method on our datasets were found to be , , , and based on the visual assessment of correction performance results and the average run-time normalized to a per frame value. We also quantitatively evaluated the choice of the parameters. The same set of correction parameters were evaluated while applying simulated motion artifacts on both the NURD phantom image and an in vivo image. We show quantitative results for four sets of parameters on an NURD phantom in Fig. 2. As it is seen, the quantitative metrics also confirm the visualized optimization set of , , , and to have equal or better performance than the other sets while having the lowest computational cost. Although and values are comparable for the four sets, they are more similar for 20-20-5-1 and 100-60-5-1. The correction parameters were selected to be 20-20-5-1 by considering the run-time. (All subsequent figures in this paper were processed using these optimized parameters.)
The method also using , , and parameters was applied on the OCT images with the same parameter as AEIR methods (the optimal parameters were also the same, , , and ). Although the optimized parameters were selected as , , and by Van Soest et al.,11 we could not visually detect any difference between the correction results of these two sets of parameters. To achieve the best correction results for this method, the 3-D OCT data also had to be smoothed. We used a median filter to do intraframe filtering (along the A-line and azimuthal direction on each frame) and a mean filter of size five frames for interframe averaging.
Figure 3 compares the results of applying the three correction methods on the same NURD-phantom OCT image; we have presented the mean projection en face image of the corrected 3-D images to show the performance of correction methods on the 3-D images. As seen in Fig. 3, motion correction with our technique appears much more effective than the previously published method11 using full A-lines. Results from and corrections are comparable to each other. The AF image and en face OCT images from the NURD-phantom are similar, so we present only the results applied to OCT images in Fig. 3.
The method was applied to an in vivo 2-D AF image in Fig. 4. This technique demonstrates significant correction of both NURD (as seen by the reduction of the high frequency oscillations in the inset image) and cardiac/breathing artifacts (reduced large lower frequency oscillations) in these images. There is noticeable motion correction in Fig. 4 due to correction method.
Results of the three different methods on an in vivo 3-D OCT image are shown in Fig. 5. We also present AF images corresponding to each en face image with the same corrections as its en face image for better visual evaluation. Motion artifacts including NURD cause wavy patterns in the en face image as well as deformation of structures. After applying our correction method to the images, it is noticeable that performance of and OCT- are much better methods for reducing the wavy patterns than using the previously published method on 3-D OCT guided by A-line correlations. These techniques demonstrate significant correction of both NURD [as seen by the reduction of the high frequency oscillations in the enlarged orange box in Fig. 5(b)] and cardiac/breathing artifacts [as seen reduced high-amplitude, lower frequency oscillations in enlarged black box in Fig. 5(a) and yellow arrow in Fig. 5(b)] in these images.
In Fig. 6, dashed rectangles show where the method seems to have corrected the motion artifact better. The method did poorly in these areas. The yellow arrows show a region where did better with correction as there were contrast between structures to find artifacts and its correction.
The run-time is the average time required to apply the correction to all frames of one image. The average run-time was 0.10, 0.10, and 0.25 s per frame for , , and , respectively.
Quantitative Analysis
In the first quantitative analysis approach, we have calculated (line length) for the NURD phantom images in Fig. 3, which are reported in Table 1.
Table 1
Average normalized length for raw image and corrected images with three different methods.
|Raw image
For an ideal strip , and an closer to one indicates better NURD correction. Using a student's test to compare the edge lengths between the four images we found that all corrections resulted in edge length data (shorter) that was highly significantly different (, two-tailed test) from the raw image data. Similarly, the method presented here resulted in edge data that was highly significantly different (, two tailed test, shorter) than the edge length data from the previously published algorithm (OCT). We expect and methods have the same correction since the en face and AF image for the phantom are similar; however, there is a small difference between them due to differences in their image contrast. The detected edge lengths for the two methods ( and ) were not found to be significantly different as the test -value was found to be 0.386.
In the second approach, quantitative analyses of motion corrections on the NURD phantom and in vivo images were evaluated using two parameters, the correlation coefficient and the average compensated difference. These two parameters together evaluated the performance of the correction methods. Different artifacts have been applied to the same images, and restoration attempted with the different correction methods to evaluate the reproducibility of the methods. Figure 7(a) shows the eight motion artifacts we simulated and then applied to a NURD phantom and an in vivo image. These images and applied simulated motion artifacts were then corrected by the three correction methods. Figures 7(b) and 7(c) show the previously discussed two metrics evaluated on a 3-D OCT in vivo image with the eight artifacts. The reproducibility of each method across the eight simulated motion artifacts can be analyzed by comparing results of the correction methods for the different artifacts as seen in the box plots of Figs. 7(b) and 7(c).
A more detailed examination of artifacts 1 and 2 in Fig. 7 follows. Figures 8Fig. 9Fig. 10–11 show results of the artificial artifacts 1 and 2 on OCT en face images, their corrections, and the comparison between the artifacts and the corresponding three correction methods. The results of the application of the artifacts a.1 and a.2 and their corrections on an NURD phantom image are shown in Figs. 8 and 10, respectively, and on an in vivo image in Figs. 9 and 11, respectively. Figure 12 shows artifacts 1 and 2 on the corresponding in vivo AF images.
In Figs. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10–11, the original image is shown in (a). The artificial artifact was applied to this image and the result shown in (b). The corrected images using , , and methods are shown in (c–e). The artifacts and three correction matrices, where each pixel represents the corresponding pixel shift in each matrix, are shown in (g–j). For an excellent correction method, the correction matrix should be the same as the artifact matrix; in other words, the correlation of these two matrices should be 100%. is shown in images (l–o), where (l) has a correction matrix identical to the artifact matrix. The average compensated difference is calculated based on matrices in sections (l–o). The average pixel shift for each frame (row) of the artifact and correction matrices is shown in (f). The difference between the average pixel shifts of the artifact matrix and the correction matrices are shown in (k).
The two correction evaluation parameters for the NURD phantom and in vivo images are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The performances of the correction methods were evaluated considering both parameters. The -value is larger for and compared to indicating more similarity between the correction and artifact matrices. is closer to zero for in all cases. Although is smaller for than in phantom images, it is bigger in the in vivo ones. One reason might be due to some uncorrected imaging artifact still present in the corrected ground truth image even after multiple iterations of the correction process. As an example, there are two leaps in average pixel shift at frames 322-323 and 343-344 that cause to perform less optimally than [Fig. 10(f)]. This might arise from the corrected ground truth image, which is distorted dependant on the alignment algorithm (the AF data). It would be reasonable to assume that the same algorithm, based on the same data, is more likely to return to its previous stable state. The other two methods would likely have different stable states, and a nonoptimal error metric even if no motion artifact is applied, this could put them at a disadvantage.
Table 2
Two parameters were calculated for quantitative and reproducibility analysis of the correction methods for artifacts 1 and 2 on NURD phantom image as shown in Figs. 8 and 10.
|Correction matrix based on
Table 3
Two parameters were calculated for quantitative and reproducibility analysis of the correction methods for artifacts 1 and 2 on in vivo image as shown in Figs. 9 and 11.
|Correction matrix based on
Our procedure allows for correcting motion artifacts in rotary-pullback 2-D and 3-D image modalities along the azimuthal direction. For 3-D images, motion artifacts along the radial direction (A-lines) are not detected nor corrected with our method. Our method corrects and aligns images along the azimuthal direction using the mean projection of A-lines for better registration of the calculated cost matrix from en face contrast within its strips than the full A-lines data. Thus, proposed methods do not correct for radial artifacts on 3-D data. On the other hand, there are no radial artifacts originating from NURD, and only may originate from in vivo cardiac and breathing motions, which could be reduced by shorter scan times as mentioned in Sec. 1.
Performance of the correction methods on the en face image of the 3-D images was visually examined, and we concluded the AEIR methods are correcting for motion artifacts and improving visual image quality. The correction performs more artifact removal than the method for images that have strong AF signal. The AF guided method performs poorly when there is no AF signal from tissue, e.g., lumen. The method needs the en face image projection to have structures with good contrast to enable a good correction of motion artifacts in the image based on our results. In addition, the correction may get misled when a feature is not parallel to the pullback direction; also when there are no features present (e.g., lumen), artifacts may not be found and corrected.
Van Soest et al. applied a DP method to stationary 3-D OCT images for NURD corrections and compared full A-lines in B-scans to construct cost matrix using the L2 norm. However, we used the formula in Eq. (1) to construct the cost matrix, which is not a norm, and it strongly penalizes cost paths with nonoptimal intermediate steps. We have also tried using the L2 and L1 norms to construct the cost matrix; however, our method did not converge on the optimal continuous path using these norms for all images. We have found that comparing full A-lines are not sufficient due to reduced or absent feature correlation between A-lines in the data we have collected. Motion correction with our technique, using the enface contrast within the strips appears much more effective since each strip is a mean projection of W A-lines, which were compared to each other. Although the full A-line had more pixels, it was depth information, which was not used for azimuthal registration and motion correction.
Our method calculated the correction of motion artifacts about two to three times computationally faster than the method since we were using the en face image for correction rather than its full 3-D stack/OCT-volume. Our method may be applied in real time since it only needs two frames, one to be corrected and one is its previous frame. We have applied this method to multiple pullback catheter images and have shown that our methods can be guided by either or on in vivo images. We have concluded that and can be complimentary to each other when we have both modalities because they may be more effective in different parts of the pullback, and there is more likelihood of strong contrast existing in at least one of the modalities when combined than considered alone. An improved version of this algorithm could conceivably be constructed by making use of correlations in both modalities simultaneously for estimating motion artifacts. In the case of a dual modality imaging, e.g., OCT-AFI, these two methods could be combined to provide more complementary and efficient corrections.
The reproducibility of each method was analyzed by comparing results of the correction methods for different artificial artifacts. The reproducibility of the correction methods depends on artifacts needing to be corrected.
Based on our visual evaluation of the corrected images as well as quantitative analysis based on two metrics, we conclude that overall and appear to correct a larger fraction of the visible artifacts than does .
Our method allows applying the motion correction to 2-D images. Motion corrections of 2-D AFI were obtained by the method, and it might be generalized to other 2-D images for motion corrections.
In summary, correction of distortions of tissue features due to motion artifacts may enhance image interpretation of OCT-AFI. This enhancement may aid biopsy-guidance applications, diagnosis of neoplastic tissue, and/or aid monitoring disease progression in patients. Finally, the method could reduce motion artifacts from 3-D OCT catheter rotary-pullback data sets, and method can reduce motion artifacts for 2-D AF images. These 2-D and 3-D motion corrections methods may be generalized for other 2-D and 3-D image modalities to apply motion corrections.
The authors have no relevant financial interests in this article and no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (ppp-141717).


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I'm always writing. 24 hours a day I got my antenna up waiting to hear from the muse.
Most of the time the signal is weak, creaky.
But sometimes it's perfect.
Either way, I write it down.
And what happens is that I have a house full of little sheets of paper. Everywhere.
Sometimes I find one, and I say that's it. That's right and I put it in the pile of stuff I'm working on.
Sometimes I find one and wonder where it came from and where it's going. I put it back where I found it.
Here's one of the poems I put back where I found it.
Hurry Home -- It's getting late
Black man came out of the dark woods
singing a song
White man came out of the dark woods
singing the same song
Here's what they sang:
The graves of the dead
are the graves of the dead
In Jerusalem they do
the hokey pokey
and they turn it all around
Thursday, March 01, 2018
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There's a pretty nice looking 1973 Honda CB350 for sale in Gaithersburg, Maryland.
The seller is asking $2,500 for it. At that price, they're looking for someone who appreciates the bike for it as a stock bike. For someone like me who'd want to chop it up, I wouldn't go more than $1,800 for it.


text:
Attorney-at-law, graduated from School of Law, Universidad de Belgrano in the year 1981. Registered with the Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires to appear before the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Republic and federal courts. Professor of Customs and Tax Law at national and foreign universities. Active member of several Associations, Institutes and Organizations (both domestic and foreign) related to customs law and international trade. MERCOSUR Arbitrator and Substitute Member (representing Argentina) of the Tribunal Permanente de Revisión del Mercosur (Permanent Review Court) from 2009 until 2013. Founding member of AduanaNews.com and Director of Mercojuris.com. Author of books and articles related to his specialty. Columnist in several Foreign Trade newsletters, magazines and author of occasional collaborations in economic supplements in different journalistic media.
Born in the city of Bahía Blanca on December 10th, 1956. Law degree at School of Law, Universidad de Belgrano in 1981. Member of the Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires. Registered in the abovementioned to appear before the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Republic and federal courts. Active member of the Asociación Argentina de Estudios Fiscales (Argentine Association of Tax Studies), the International Fiscal Association, Instituto Argentino de Estudios Aduaneros (Argentine Institute of Customs Studies), Instituto de Derecho Público Económico del Colegio Público de Abogados (Institute of Public Economic Law of the Bar Association). Member of the Comisión de Derecho Aduanero y Comercio Exterior (Customs Law and Foreign Trade Committee) of said body. Director of the Subcomisión de Aduana de la Asociación Dirigentes de Empresas (Customs Sub Commission of the Asociación Dirigentes de Empresas), member and collaborator of the Centro Argentino de Estudios en lo Penal Tributario (Argentine Center of Criminal Tax Studies). Funding partner and former Director of AduanaNews.com and Director of Mercojuris.com. Member of additional academic institutions, both domestic and foreign, and collaborator. International Arbitrator chosen by the Argentine Republic to appear and intervene in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). Furthermore, he was designated by the Argentine Republic to integrate the Tribunal Permanente de Revisión del Mercosur (Permanent Review Court), acting as Substitute Arbitrator during the period 2009 – 2013. He was summoned as an expert in Customs Law by the Procuración del Tesoro de la Nación (Attorney General Office for the National Treasury) to intervene the Argentine Republic's conflicts before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes – World Bank. He used to be an attorney-at-law in the Administración Nacional de Aduanas (National Customs Administration), in the position of Professor of Criminal Customs Law at the Training School of the abovementioned, among others. Currently, he is a professor of Customs Law and Tax Law at Fundación de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Comerciales (F.A.E.C.C.) and Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (U.C.E.S.), having worked as professor of Customs Law at the Tax Specialization Course of the School of Law, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de La Matanza and Universidad de Belgrano, Professor of Finance and Finance Law at Universidad de Belgrano and Universidad de Palermo. Moreover he was invited to discuss subjects of his field of studies in institutions such as: Universidad de Quito, Escuela de Jurisprudencia de Ecuador, Universidad Católica de Salta, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and also several boards and Public or Private Bodies, both domestic and foreign. Distinguished by the Comité Académico de la Escuela del Cuerpo de Abogados del Estado, Procuración del Tesoro de la Nación as a professor of Tax Law of the teaching staff in said entity. Author or collaborator to the following work: "Delitos Aduaneros", Lerner, 1983; "Manual de Exportaciones y Comercio Exterior", Edipal, 1984; "Deuda Externa Latinoamericana" El Belén, 1984; "Negocios y Comercialización Internacional – Comercio Exterior", Macchi, 1993; "Régimen de Equipaje", Lema, 1995; "Código Aduanero Comentado", Macchi, 1996, 2000 and 2006 editions; and "Negocios y Comercialización Intercultural", Macchi. He is also author of numerous articles of his field of studies such as: "Régimen del domicilio en el procedimiento aduanero", J.A. (12/7/1983); "Procedimiento de repetición en materia aduanera", J.A. (9/30/1987); "Analogía, su prohibición en materia aduanera", L.L. (1/23/1989); "Las costas y la ley penal más benigna en materia aduanera", L.L. (3/16/1989); "Algunas consideraciones relativas al procedimiento de impugnación en materia aduanera", J.A. (1/24/1989); "El contenedor en la legislación aduanera", D.J. (3/14/1990); "A propósito del control aduanero y las privatizaciones", L.L.A. (6/12/1990 and 6/14/1990); "Régimen de envíos postales en materia aduanera" E.D. (6/27/1990); "Importaciones temporarias en el régimen aduanero – Ley 22.415", D.J. (10/31/1990); "Fallas en el control aduanero", L.L.A. (11/15/1990); "El régimen de muestras en el Código Aduanero" E.D. (11/22/1990); "Importante dispositivo aduanero", L.L.A. (12/6/1990); "Un sistema de control aduanero a modificar – DRAF SURVEY" B.E.L.L. (8/28/1991); "Necesidad de resguardar la permanencia del Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación", L.L.LA. (3/19/1996). Moreover, he maintains a journalistic column in a Foreign Trade bulletin and made other publications in specialized magazines and newspapers dealing with economic issues. He was founding member and director of the monthly www.aduananews.com and at the moment he runs the online newspaper www.mercojuris.com He took part in several domestic and foreign conferences and seminars related to his specialty such as: "Primer Congreso Aduanero", "Segundo Congreso Aduanero", "Séptimo Congreso de Integración de los Países Andinos", "Segundas Jornadas Ecuatorianas de Derecho Tributario", "Primeras, Segundas, Terceras, Cuartas, Quintas, Sexta y Séptimas Jornadas de Derecho Aduanero" organized by the Argentine Association of Tax Studies, working in the Scientific Committee (Comité Científico) in several of said academic conferences, and "Primer Congreso de Derecho Aduanero del Mercosur", among others. As head of the Law Firm, he organizes and promotes academic and business activities as general training. Since his graduation he has been dealing with issues related to customs and administrative law in the public sector and, as from 1985 in private practice.


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Stages in Israel's (Your) Journey Numbers 33: 1- 55
1Here are the stages in the journey of the Israelites when they came out of Egypt by divisions under the leadership of Moses and Aaron. 2At the Lord's command Moses recorded the stages in their journey. This is their journey by stages:
3The Israelites set out from Rameses on the fifteenth day of the first month, the day after the Passover. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, 4who were burying all their firstborn, whom the Lord had struck down among them; for the Lord had brought judgment on their gods.
5The Israelites left Rameses and camped at Sukkoth. 6They left Sukkoth and camped at Etham, on the edge of the desert. 7They left Etham, turned back to Pi Hahiroth, to the east of Baal Zephon, and camped near Migdol. 8They left Pi Hahirotha and passed through the sea into the desert, and when they had traveled for three days in the Desert of Etham, they camped at Marah. 9They left Marah and went to Elim, where there were twelve springs and seventy palm trees, and they camped there. 10They left Elim and camped by the Red Sea.b 11They left the Red Sea and camped in the Desert of Sin. 12They left the Desert of Sin and camped at Dophkah. 13They left Dophkah and camped at Alush. 14They left Alush and camped at Rephidim, where there was no water for the people to drink. 15They left Rephidim and camped in the Desert of Sinai. …32 more verses cite places they'd left
50On the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho the Lord said to Moses, 51"Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'When you cross the Jordan into Canaan, 52drive out all the inhabitants of the land before you. Destroy all their carved images and their cast idols, and demolish all their high places. 53Take possession of the land and settle in it, for I have given you the land to possess. 54Distribute the land by lot, according to your clans. To a larger group give a larger inheritance, and to a smaller group a smaller one. Whatever falls to them by lot will be theirs. Distribute it according to your ancestral tribes.
55" 'But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land, those you allow to remain will become barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides. They will give you trouble in the land where you will live. 56And then I will do to you what I plan to do to them.' "
- What have you left behind along the way during your journey with God?
- What did He give you as a reward for your obedience?
- What might still be giving you trouble?
- What's the value of keeping a journal, as God had directed Moses to do?


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Here is my State.Dat Utility.
1) Import all your internal online elmaonline.net times into a state.dat file. Good for people like me who delete elma every year.
2) Unlock all the internal levels automatically
Repository available: https://gitlab.com/sunlelma/statedatutility
sunl's State.Dat Utility
Advertise your levels, contests, sites etc.
Moderator: Moporators
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: sunl's State.Dat Utility
Also Sla wants everyone to know that this program and all sunl programs are available on Sla's website: http://elastomania.wixsite.com/-sla/programs
In case you need to find in future and can't
In case you need to find in future and can't
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1


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This month's masthead looks a little different. I'll be serving as interim editor of response while Yvette Moore serves as United Methodist Women's interim director of communications. (But don't worry—Yvette's office is right next to mine.)
In one year United Methodists from around the world will gather for our quadrennial General Conference, the top policymaking body of The United Methodist Church. Many of you have or will elect your conference's delegates to General Conference at your conference annual meeting. The General Conference can revise church law as well as adopt resolutions on current moral, social, public policy and economic issues. It also approves plans and budgets for churchwide programs. Any organization, clergy member or lay member of The United Methodist Church may petition the General Conference. In 2016, United Methodist Women will move into four new priority areas for our mission work. Our petitions to General Conference will focus on continuing our existing work and build on these new priority areas, which are:
- Climate justice: Life-giving stewardship that promotes sustainability.
- Maternal and child health: Life-saving access and education that promotes well-being.
- Racial and gender justice: Protecting women and families by ending criminalization of people of color.
- Economic justice: Inequality is a women's issue.
Our foremothers left us a legacy of doing the mission needed for its time, and we continue their legacy today. Until poverty, violence, inequality, racism and preventable deaths cease, until women and children are no longer marginalized and we live in a world in which all thrive, women need to be organized for mission. In the 21st century, we need United Methodist Women.


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Explore South-East Madeira by bus
Get picked up from your hotel in Funchal, hop on board an air-conditioned minibus and let the guide tell you what's what in South-East Madeira. Get to see the diversity of this island by making your way through pretty towns like Garajau and Santa Cruz. Mosey around at the Sunday market and see the easternmost point Machico Bay.
Price overview
- Bus Tour in South East Madeira - 4h - per adult (9+ years)25.-€
- Bus Tour in South East Madeira - 4h - per child (0-8 years)12.50€
Booking option: Explore South East Madeira from Funchal
Hop on board for a bus tour in Madeira. Go by bus and discover Eastern Madeira. Learn about the culture and history behind Madeira thanks to the top-notch tour guide. There's a lot to see and do in Madeira. Visit villages, tour to towns, wander around its Sunday market and stroll along its bay to take in the natural beauty on the Portuguese island.
- Exclusive tour: minimum 8, maximum 16 participants
- Duration: ~ 4 hours
- Hours: 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM
- Days: Sunday
- Months: possible all-year
- Languages: German, English, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese
- Starting points: Funchal
- Pick up: Calheta, Ponta do Sol an extra €5 per person
- Transfer, experienced driver, professional guide, insurance, air-conditioned bus
Please bring along:
Snacks, backpack, camera, small travel pharmacy (just in case), drinks
Detailed description
Check out the Portuguese island: Visit a Madeira market
Madeira has been nicknamed the Flower Island and attracts people time and time again because of its stunning nature and impressive biodiversity. The name says it all, Madeira translates to mean wood. Madeira is one of many islands in an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Go on walks through the tranquillity and soak up the scenery in the Algarve. The first stop is at Garajau; the main attraction is the statue of Christ built back in 1927. Take in the sights as you get to see Funchal and its harbour from afar. Next, on to Santa Cruz which is stacked full of colourful fishing boats lined up along the shore of the pretty pebble beach which has its fair share of palm trees. The Santa Cruz market hall serves up fresh fish and a great mix of fresh fruit and veg. The church dates to the 16th century is well worth a visit.
The bus tour goes on to Machico. Machico was the first place that people arrived in when Madeira was discovered. The sugar cane cultivation and milling are important in the town. The 320m-high Pico do Facho towers over Machico bay. Come across stunning rock formations and rare plants like the ice plant at the easternmost point on the island: Ponta de São Lorenço Nature Park. The next stop on the Madeira tour is Santo da Serra which is home to the wealthy. Set your eyes on a pink villa, a manor house and the Quinta da Serra. Spend Sunday morning at a local market and see some lovely locally made knick-knacks.
Valid on the reserved day or for 12 months after date of purchase if no date has been selected. You will receive the tour operator's details with the purchased ticket. Attention: reservation is required! The reservation can be made through sunbonoo as part of the booking process or later by contacting the tour operator directly via phone or email.
Our customers' questions
How do I receive my tickets?
Where is the meeting point / will I be picked up directly at my hotel when a transfer is possible?
Can I pay in cash directly when the tour / activity starts?
Can I book on short notice?
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Holiday destination Madeira
Tours, activities & excursions Madeira
Sightseeing & Culture in Madeira
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Region Madeira southeast
Tours, activities & excursions Madeira southeast
Sightseeing & Culture in Madeira southeast
Bus tours Madeira southeast
City Funchal
Tours, activities & excursions Funchal
Sightseeing & Culture in Funchal
Bus tours Funchal


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Chelsea have moved up to second in the WSL after coming from behind to inflict a first league defeat since January on champions Arsenal.
Sunday night plans?— Chelsea FC Women (@ChelseaFCW) October 13, 2019
Watch this @MariaThorisdott goal on repeat! 朗⚽ pic.twitter.com/jYL872hLkE
Manchester City
1⃣ A first @barclaysfawsl goal for Lee Geum-Min…— Barclays FA Women's Super League (@BarclaysFAWSL) October 12, 2019
And a sweet change of pace by @lauren__hemp!pic.twitter.com/3YisLZa5VK
Did she get her MBE for assists? @fara_williams47 with her 3rd assist of the game for @ReadingFCWomen pic.twitter.com/E7FuKctkyR— Barclays FA Women's Super League (@BarclaysFAWSL) October 13, 2019
Manchester United continued to look at home in the top flight as they recorded a 3-0 win over fellow WSL newbies Tottenham.
Kirsty Hanson gave Casey Stoney's side the advantage at half time, before Spurs defender Ashleigh Neville turned Leah Galton's cross into her own net. Jane Ross completed the scoring in injury time with her first goal for the club.
18-year-old Lauren James put in another dazzling performance for the Red Devils, and just as she was named player of the match by BBC pundit Jayne Ludlow, she was given her marching orders for a second bookable offence.
Sundays & #BarclaysFAWSL…@laurenjamess22 & the ball…— Barclays FA Women's Super League (@BarclaysFAWSL) October 13, 2019
Some things just go together pic.twitter.com/9nZFVN8PWH
Liverpool got their first point of the season against fellow strugglers Bristol City.
A fabulous long range effort from Ebony Salmon had put Bristol 1-0 up, but Mel Lawley tucked home a penalty in the 70th minute after
Oh ok @ebony_salmon!— Barclays FA Women's Super League (@BarclaysFAWSL) October 13, 2019
First goal of the @BarclaysFAWSL season for @bristolcitywfc and it is a beauty ✨ pic.twitter.com/82LtwGa1uZ
@lehmann_alisha is a menace…— Barclays FA Women's Super League (@BarclaysFAWSL) October 13, 2019
And @mart__thomas is only too happy to finish things off for @westhamwomen! pic.twitter.com/klZe5wxAfY


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Marwa Alalawi is a Bahraini student at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. She enjoys illustrating comics, voice acting, learning foreign languages, reading Shakespeare and Medieval literature, and photography. She speaks Arabic, English, a branch of Persian called Holi, and Japanese.
KidSpirit's teen editors and contributors around the world believe in a better future. Help empower the next generation to raise their voices and move forward in a spirit of openness and inclusion - make a tax-deductible contribution to KidSpirit today.
KidSpirit, Inc is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization
Sign up for the KidSpirit newsletter!


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Using the features:
Join us for Fall Family Fun Days each Sunday at Bachechi Open Space from noon to 5 p.m. This month's theme is Birding! Count the cranes passing overhead as we map their migration and learn about what adaptations allow birds to fly. Discover how feathers and how hollow bird bones work and make a bird feeder to take home.


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Procurement Internships MMI Centurion
Centurion, GautengPart-time, Temporary, InternshipRTF Template
Through our client-facing brands Metropolitan and Momentum, with Multiply (wellness and rewards programme), and our other specialist brands, including Guardrisk and Eris Property Group, the group enables business and people from all walks of life to achieve their financial goals and life aspirations..
We help people grow their savings, protect what matters to them and invest for the future. We help companies and organisations care for and reward their employees and members. Through our own network of advisers or via independent brokers and utilising new platforms Momentum Metropolitan provides practical financial solutions for people, communities and businesses. Visit us at www.momentummetropolitan.co.za
Procurement Intern (#27751) at Group Finance & BSM
Provide effective support for vendor administration processes in order to support procurement achieve operational goals.
Administer the verification of new and existing supplier's BEE status to ensure suppliers comply with relevant procurement policies.
Verify supplier's bank details and VAT registration number.
Coordinate the collation and approval of new supplier documentation, ensuring that all documentation is accurate and completed in full.
Accurately capture supplier details on the system ensuring that there is no unnecessary duplication of suppliers on the system.
Ensure once-off vendors are deactivated once payment has been effected.
Maintain supplier information on the system to support procurement and accounts payable processes.
Regularly updated vendor spreadsheet.
Monitor and maintain BEE status of suppliers.
Provide management reporting on a monthly basis and as when required.
Build and maintain relationships with clients and internal and external stakeholders .
Deliver on service level agreements made with clients and internal and external stakeholders in order to ensure that client expectations are managed.
Make recommendations to improve client service and fair treatment of clients within area of responsibility.
Participate and contribute to a culture which builds rewarding relationships, facilitates feedback and provides exceptional client servicest with the vendor due diligence process.
Develop and maintain productive and collaborative working relationships with peers and stakeholders.
Positively influence and participate in change initiatives .
Continuously develop own expertise in terms of professional, industry and legislation knowledge .
Contribute to continuous innovation through the development, sharing and implementation of new ideas .
Take ownership for driving career development.
Identify solutions to enhance cost effectiveness and increase operational efficiency.
Manage financial and other company resources under your control with due respect.
Provide input into the risk identification processes and communicate recommendations in the appropriate forum.
Business Acumen.
Customer/ Stakeholder Commitment.
Drive for Results.
Leads Change and Innovation.
Impact and Influence.
Self-Awareness and Insight.
Diversity and Inclusiveness.
Diploma or degree
0-1 years' experience in a procurement administration within a corporate environment
Please submit your application via our Careers page on www.momentummetropolitan.co.za
To apply, please follow the official system application process and get in touch with the PeopleSoft Helpdesk (021 940 5169) if you need further assistance.
Closing Date
16 September 2019
Contact Details
Thandokohle Dhladhla
email@example.com (The purpose for this email address is solely for queries regarding the advertised position and no emailed CV's will be accepted. Only online applications submitted via our Careers page will be considered.)
All positions will be filled in accordance with our Employment Equity plan.
We also encourage people with disabilities to apply.
How to Apply
Click here to send applications to MMI


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Our very own "entertainment goddess" Aurora Snow returns to offer her take on this addictive crime drama from the mind of Bryan Cranston.
Gangster Squad Blu-ray Review
An excellent cast helps to propel Warner's Gangster Squad – an all around fun, entertaining film that never takes itself too serious.
Ted: Unrated Blu-ray Review
With heart, a charming story, and many funny jokes, Universal's Ted is a winning film from Family Guy head honcho Seth MacFarlane.
Middle Men Blu-ray Review
It's a story of sex, porn, crime, and greed in the early days of the World Wide Web in this Boogie Nights/Casino knockoff from George Gallo.
Avatar Blu-ray Review
This technologically groundbreaking and record breaking film shows up on Blu-ray absent 3D or any extras, but it's still reference quality all the way.


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Keratin Will Help Give You The Hair You Have Always Wanted.
Keratin treatments are safe, long lasting and effective
Keratin treatment is the best and easiest way to remove all your hair problems. Having dry, frizzy, and unmanageable hair is a problem for almost everyone. It ruins the way you look, it is very annoying to have, and it is often problematic to fix. People have spent a lot of money for hair treatments and products. Some of these treatments and hair products may be unknowingly causing more damage to your hair. Do not risk your own hair on these products and do not pay for these very expensive treatments.
Go get Marcia Teixeira's Keratin treatment in order to obtain the hair you have always wanted! It is the safest, easiest, and most reasonably priced solution for all your hair problems.
Keratin treatment is a hair treatment method pioneered by Marcia Teixeira. This hair treatment method is the product of several years of extensive research and development from company founder Marcia Teixeira along with some of the best hair experts around. Many have tried to emulate the Marcia Teixeira's treatment methods but all of them pale in comparison to the original.
The Keratin treatment method brings you the softest and shiniest hair you can possibly have. This hair treatment will finally tame your wild hair and give you the manageable hair you deserve. The hair treatment repairs the hair from the inside and adds outside protection to the hair. This outside protection prevents the hair from getting damaged once more.
Marcia Teixeira Keratin Treatments through the years have continued to do research to develop new ways of giving you the best possible results. This continuous pursuit of progress and excellence has brought in new and varied treatment methods.
There are several different treatments that are available right now. Some of these treatments include the original treatment, the chocolate treatment, the soft treatment, the soft chocolate treatment and the advanced treatment. These different treatments are developed to give the best results for specific situations.
The keratin hair treatment is fairly quick and the results it gives last for a relatively long period.
Do not worry about the hair you currently have because this treatment is universal. This means that the hair treatment method will work safely and effectively for any type of hair.
As for professional only treatments, Marcia Teixeira requires stylists to undergo special keratin treatment training and complete hands on education program. This is done to insure that the method is done properly by the stylists.
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I started with Pool Party cardstock for the cardbase and then added a piece of Night of Navy cardstock as a matt for the Crumb Cake cardfront. On the cardfront I used the greeting from the Christmas Sweaters stamp set and stamped randomly in Cherry Cobbler and Night of Navy ink up from the bottom of the card. I also added a few rhinestones in the top left corner for a little bling.
I didn't use a lot of embellishments on this card so the stamping could really be the focus for this fun and festive card. I've colored several more of the different sweater designs (I was able to take the markers and stamped images and color on the go) so I'll be finishing up several more cards and get them out soon! Remember since this stamp set is retiring it will only be available until January 2, or while supplies last so even if you can't use it this year, you will want this in your stamp stash for next year!
Below are easy ordering links for the product's used on today's card:
Product List


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30th September 2017
A Royal Christmas Celebration
If you're staying with us this Christmas, you can expect the Royal's usual high standard of service and traditional Christmas luxury in our historic atmospheric hotel.
Christmas Programme 2017
We have a superb and varied festive programme for all our our residents to enjoy.
For more information on our Christmas Breaks just follow the link below and start planning your perfect Christmas.
Our Christmas events brochure
From an intimate family party to a large corporate event you can be sure to find the perfect end of year celebration here at The Royal Hotel.
With Carvery Disco Nights to Christmas Lunches you will be sure to find everything you are looking for at The Royal.
This brochure also includes what's to offer on our Christmas Day Lunch and New Years Eve Dinner.


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Suzumar boats are very stable and easy to handle on the water, plus they are incredibly portable and easy to store. When coupled with Suzuki's industry-leading range of small, portable four stroke motors, Suzuki/Suzumar packages are an affordable solution to your inflatable boat requirements.
To look at the complete range click here


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ROSSLYN, Va.—The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) published NEMA NU 1-2018 Performance
Measurements of Gamma Cameras, a Standard that provides a uniform and consistent method for measuring and reporting performance parameters of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners. Included are updates for SPECT/CT systems, pixelated detectors and a general edit of the entire document to improve readability.
The document has been updated in response to developments in the technology of the scanners, including:
"NU 1-2018 addresses new technology in the SPECT arena, with objective comparisons for SPECT/CT systems and pixelated detectors, such as CZT," said Jean-Paul Bouhnik, Chief Physicist, Molecular Imaging for GE Healthcare. "Hopefully, this will facilitate the task to objectively compare scanners during the purchasing decision process and after delivery. It defines tests that ensure that a quality system has been delivere
NEMA NU 1-2018 is available in hard copy and as an electronic download for $144 on the NEMA website.
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) represents nearly 325 electrical equipment and medical imaging manufacturers that make safe, reliable, and efficient products and systems. Our combined industries account for 370,000 American jobs in more than 6,100 facilities covering every state. These industries produce $124 billion in shipments and $42 billion in exports of electrical equipment and medical imaging technologies per year.
Press contact:
Tracy Cullen


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Change Please, Clapham Common underground station
Having a cup of coffee in the morning is a must-have for many of us. It gets us through our morning commute, it picks us up at lunchtime and it brings us together with friends. But wouldn't it be better if we got our morning fix and helped out the community at the same time?
Here's how you can... Thanks to the Change Please kiosk in Clapham Common underground station, you'll be able to get more than just a caffeine rush, but rather a feel-good buzz too. The Big Issue-backed enterprise is staffed by ex-rough sleepers who have been retrained as professional baristas.
As well as providing a pathway to regular employment, it also arranges accommodation, provides mental health support, and works with local homeless centres (here, Clapham's Ace of Clubs) to provide hot meals to local homeless people.
Not only that but its coffee is first class too – it picked up Great Taste Awards in 2017 and 2018! So, if you're in the neighbourhood and need a coffee fix then make sure to check out Change Please and help them make a difference to the community.


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Tag Archives: blogging
A Year of Blogging
The title of this post is a tad misleading as I actually began this blog in July 2013. Its original title was "A little bit of this and a little bit of that" as the posts were quite varied. I … Continue reading
Running Q & A
In an effort to get to know more about fellow runners who follow my blog as well as divulge more about myself as a runner I'm posing the following questions with my answers. Feel free to copy any/all the questions … Continue reading
Writing Compared to Running
Every year I have a New Year's resolution, sometimes official and sometimes not, to write more. I know the best goals are the ones that are written with specifics and are measurable. I think the reason I fail to make … Continue reading
Facebook Feeds Information, Blogging Nourishes Conversation
Last week my mom and I ended up in a Facebook related discussion. She mentioned how when she added a friend of mine who she had met a few times, how she thought she would get to see pictures of … Continue reading
Forgoing Facebook Benefited My Blogging
I have written in the past about Facebook as well as taking breaks from it – Facebook Robots, Goodbye Again Facebook, Hello Again Blog, My MIA month from Facebook. One thing always occurred after deactivating Facebook; I ultimately reactivated it and … Continue reading
Re-Reading Old Writings
Jason and I were watching Family Guy last night when a particular scene resonated with me. Brian was rereading texts he had sent his new love interest and Stewie proceeded to make fun of him saying that no one rereads … Continue reading
Why I Write
I only ever write blogs when I feel inspired to write, but I have a personal journal in which I have written much more often. Actually I have several journals, the first having been started when I was in 3rd … Continue reading
Goodbye Again Facebook, Hello Again Blog
My one and only New Year's Resolution this year is to write more. I know that's very vague and it is said that goals should be specific such as "I will write 3 blogs per week" so that you can … Continue reading


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狗年吉祥 (gǒunián jíxiáng) or Good luck for this Dog year!
In today's issues of Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer and Philippine Star, the ads for the Mr and Miss Hannah's World Tourism Philippines 2018 search were published simultaneously.
And tomorrow, the Go-Sees will officially begin in Pangasinan at Kuya Max Restaurant in Dagupan City from 9:00am-3:00pm.
On Sunday, we will move to Tarlac for another Go-See at the Amwslai Tarlac Office in Tarlac City, 9:00am-3:00pm as well.
Don't miss the opportunity to be part of this year's biggest nationwide search for the best and brightest young men and women to become the spokespersons in addressing Environmental Preservation and Protection as well as the country's bigger Eco-Tourism concerns.
The top two winners (male and female) will automatically receive cash prizes of P100,000.00 each with the two sets of runners-up getting P50,000.00 each and P25,000.00 each respectively.
Check out the dates and venues of the other Go-Sees in Iloilo, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Tuguegarao, Baguio City, Laoag, Davao, Palawan, Zamboanga and NCR above.


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It seems that the quality of Windows 10 apps is only getting better! In fact, they are better than ever, which is why you should not dismiss the Windows Store out of hand.
The apps' usability and design are incredibly different from a few years ago, Microsoft now has one of the most diverse selections of apps ever. Plus, you should no longer worry about the issue of fake and imposter apps.
Although there are some poorly imitated universal apps in the Windows Store, you can still find some high-quality apps if you know where to look.


text: Delete Graduation Coach Initiative Since its implementation in 2009, the FNMI Graduation Coach Initiative at St. Joseph High School has increased the three-year graduation rate of FNMI students from 14.9% to 60.4% by supporting the transition of students from junior high and retaining students as they progress through high school. The significant increase in graduation rates has been accomplished through an innovative model which includes comprehensive individual and group supports for FNMI students. The role of the graduation coach is to provide mentoring and guidance to FNMI students to ensure they are provided with a nurturing and safe environment that supports them as they find a sense of competence and achievement. Responsibilities include: • Helping students plan their high school courses • Career planning and goal setting • Easing transition concerns • Tutoring • Building a sense of community • Promoting school engagement • Advocating for students • Developing leadership skills • Fostering parent engagement Graduation Coaches are located at St. Joseph High School, Archbishop Oscar Romero High School, Archbishop O'Leary High School and St. Francis Xavier High School. Each school has a study centre where students can gather to work on projects, utilize computer stations, work with a tutor, attend cultural activities, receive individual counseling supports or attend career workshops. Grad Coaches also work with junior high students to ease the transition to high school. This can be a stressful phase for all students as they must adapt to changes in environment, educational practices and social structures. Transition activities include: • High school prep classes • Transition retreats • High School Open House & Tours • Summer transition programs • Orientations and welcoming events CONTACT: Pam Sparklingeyes Program Manager Edmonton Catholic Schools 780-944-2000 Ext. firstname.lastname@example.com


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License # CFC1425785
Mobile home plumbing is not the same as that in conventional homes. The pipes are run under the floor, not inside the walls and getting access to them in the crawl space can be challenging. Seal-Tite Plumbing Co. stays quite busy, meeting the demand for honest, reliable plumbers who service mobile homes.
Local plumber for local people
40 years of experience
Master Plumber on every job
Financing available - call for details
A 30-day warranty on labor
Call us for a mobile home plumbing service
24/7 emergency services
Residential and commercial plumbing services


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This year Leeds Learning Disability Week will run from Monday 20th June until Sunday 26th June. The timetable is beginning to take shape with a mix of favourite events from previous years together with some new ones.
The week kicks off with the 5-a-side Euro 2016 football tournament at Middleton Leisure Centre on Monday 20th organised by The Bridge and Aspire. Other sporting activities on offer are the boccia tournament on Wednesday 22nd which is also at Middleton Leisure Centre and organised by The Bridge and a sponsored walk around Swinsty Reservoir on Tuesday 21st organised by Aspire. Last year the money raised from the sponsored walk was donated to Africa's Gift to buy polytunnels and seeds and we will be supporting this charity again.
The popular Victorian tea party will be back at Armley Mills on Wednesday 22nd run by Aspire with stalls, entertainment, the cinema and delicious refreshments. On the same day Hamara is holding a wellbeing day with Tai Chi, music, Bollywood dancing and refreshments. Aspire's Picnic in the Park at Temple Newsam on Friday 24th is an opportunity to meet up with friends, take part in the activities or simply relax. Alternatively, Café Leep is holding an Armed Forces Day.
The Leeds Learning Disability Partnership Board AGM will be held on Tuesday 21st. This will take place at West Yorkshire Playhouse where Tenfold is hosting a market place event to showcase learning disability third sector organisations. Aspire will have a stall and the brand new Safe Places app for smart phones which we have co-funded will be launched.
Thursday 23rd is Leeds NHS Trust's fashion show at St. James' Hospital. It's also the date of the Aspire Customer Awards ceremony which will take place at John Charles Centre for Sport (attendance by invitation only). The winners of LYPFT's photography competition will also be presented with their prizes at the Awards event.
If you are looking for something to do in the evening, then the Meanwood Fest organised by The Bridge will take place on Wednesday 22nd at Meanwood Valley Urban Farm. Also there will be a music night at Wharf Chambers as part of the Beyond Festival. The Beyond Festival will be running through much of June, including Leeds Learning Disability Week, with numerous events in venues across the City. To find out more about these, check out their timetable at http://beyondarts.co.uk/.
To round off the week Aspire is holding a Fun Day at Wetherby Social Club which will include a game of human Frustration. Money raised from this event will be donated to Martin House Children's Hospice.
You can keep up to date with what is planned for the week at the Through the Maze website:


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|Leave It All to Shine
The song cover
|General Information
|June 11, 2011
|iCarly & Victorious Casts
|Victorious: Music From the Hit TV Show
I know you see
Somehow the world will change for me
And be so wonderful
Here I am, once again.
Feeling lost, but now and then.
Live life, breathe air
I know somehow were gonna get there and feel so wonderful
When you figure out how, you're lost in the moment you disappear
It's all for real.
I'm telling you just how I feel!
You don't have to be afraid to put your dream in action
You're never gonna fade you'll be the main attraction.
Wake up the members of my nation it's your time to be
Not a fantasy (not a fantasy.)
Just remember me (just remember me.) When it turns out right (when it turns out right.)
There's no chance unless you take one!
Anytime you see, now if you live in your imagination
Tomorrow you'll be everybody's fascination.
You see the brighter side of every situation.
In my victory.
In my victory.
Just remember me, when I make it shine.
Leave it all to me.
Leave it all to me, when I make it shine.
Leave it all to me.
When you live in your imagination.
When I make it shine.
Leave it!
Make it!
Leave it!
Make it!
Leave it!
Make it!
Leave it!
All to me!
When I make it shine!
Just leave it all to me!
This is the official music video for Leave It All to Shine.


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Permanent link to The Navajos and Saint Patrick
Spring is in the sunlight and the bird song—if not quite in the still winter air—and Spring is my favorite season with all of its tender, yet raucous beauty. With the wonders of the created world in mind, and with St. Patrick's Day approaching, I'm sharing again this reflection on two meditations/invocations from two very different cultures across time. Or are they very different? Note how beauty is in the same places as Christ, and Christ the same as beauty.
Read it here: The Navajos and Saint Patrick
(St. Patrick, pray for us!)
Heaven Is Praying for You
I have friends who sense the presence of angels and Saints praying for them in their hour of need. For my part, I admit that I've never been one to … Continue Reading Heaven Is Praying for You
Month of the Sacred Heart
I do love this gruesomely pretty picture: June is the month of roses and daisies, fresh-picked peas and strawberries, the summer solstice and the Sacred Heart of Jesus. How wonderful … Continue Reading Month of the Sacred Heart
Our Sufferings He Endured: a Meditation
(Once, I prayed these words when I received Jesus in the Most Blessed Sacrament – and my teeth pierced into the Body of Christ…. ) For my salvation, Lord, this … Continue Reading Our Sufferings He Endured: a Meditation
Two Poems of Wonder
This week, I'm sharing two little poems of mine (and I don't claim to be a poet.) The first is from a recent excursion with my parents to Rhododendron Sate … Continue Reading Two Poems of Wonder
Food of Prayer
I have rather hated the stereotype that religious people need religion as a crutch. Prayers, Scripture, faith itself, they say, are all wishful thinking that bring comfort to the … Continue Reading Food of Prayer
A Prayer before the Feeding
Picture it: An elderly couple sit in a restaurant with a third person at their table. This person appears to be their adult daughter, but she is disabled, needing a wheelchair … Continue Reading A Prayer before the Feeding
A Prayer before Eating
This is the famous 1918 photograph by Eric Enstrom called "Grace". It has hung in the dining room of my parents' house since before I was born. Interestingly, although … Continue Reading A Prayer before Eating
Morning Prayer
I'm not alone in believing that we need prayer now, more than ever. Why? Perhaps, because ordinary people aren't praying as much. People like you. And me. It's not like … Continue Reading Morning Prayer
Our Daily Bread
It's strange how you can come to care about the people whose blogs you read regularly, or even occasionally. I find that I want to know about the major ups … Continue Reading Our Daily Bread
Not Here, Not Yet
Before I share the thought that was given to me through Scripture and prayer, I do want it understood that thoughts of the afterlife, of eternal reward or punishment, don't … Continue Reading Not Here, Not Yet
The Humility of God and Holy Communion
Do you pray silently before receiving Communion or afterward? What do you pray? After receiving Christ in the Eucharist, my prayer is intimately personal. Not always grand or uplifting, that's … Continue Reading The Humility of God and Holy Communion
The Sacred Heart of Reality
Here is a re-presentation of an earlier post for June: Catholic imagery can be beautiful… and also a bit terrifying. Gruesome even. The picture of the Sacred Heart of … Continue Reading The Sacred Heart of Reality
Meditating on Christ's Death
For my salvation, Lord, this is what you will… The circle of thorns, the only crown that we deigned to give you in our wickedness, pierced into your temples … Continue Reading Meditating on Christ's Death
First Friday and the Incarnate Image
Last year, I was searching for a Madonna and Child print to hang in my bedroom. I had thought that I wanted an icon or medieval painting. After looking at … Continue Reading First Friday and the Incarnate Image
First Friday and the Will of St. Francis
In a shadowy recess of the Basilica of Ste. Anne de Beaupré, I caught sight of a dimly lit bas-relief and felt myself drawn to it… and even changed by … Continue Reading First Friday and the Will of St. Francis


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Update: The issue affecting H:Space hasvenow been resolved.
If you have any problems using the Remote Access Service, please contact us:
- email@example.com (taught students)
- firstname.lastname@example.com (staff and post graduate research students)
- 020 7107 5000
IMT are currently aware of an issue with H:Space.
You may experience:
- Slow PC logon times
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We are investigating the problem as a matter of urgency and will resolve the issue as soon as possible.
A further update will be given within the next 30 minutes. Apologies for any inconvenience this may cause.


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Just Radio Only
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Sunday, February 26, 2017
Chris Rongey Joins WXOS, St. Louis
Monday, February 6, 2017
Feb 6th 2017, 16:08, by TALKERS
Chris Rongey Joins WXOS, St. Louis.
A third voice is added to the afternoon drive program "The Fast Lane" on
Hubbard Radio
's WXOS, St. Louis "101 ESPN." Joining
Randy Karraker
Brad Thompson
Chris Rongey
. He'd been with WSCR, Chicago for the past 14 years handling pre-game and post-game duties for White Sox games. He also served as an update anchor at the station and wrote for the suburban
Daily Herald
. WXOS program director
Chris "Hoss" Neupert
states, "We are excited to welcome Chris Rongey home. He is a tremendous talent and will be a great addition to the '101 ESPN' team."
Entercom Surrenders KDND, Sacramento License.
Federal Communications Commission
had been taking the rare action of designating the 2013 renewal application of
's KDND, Sacramento for
hearing, due to the death of station contest participant
Jennifer Strange
in the now infamous "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" promotion. Now, Entercom announces it is voluntarily giving up the station's license. The company states, "After careful consideration, Entercom determined it is in the company's best interests to voluntarily turn in the KDND license to facilitate the timely FCC approvals for the planned combination with
CBS Radio
." At least partly responsible for the FCC's actions was the
Sue Wilson
Media Action Center
which had filed the petition to deny for the station's license renewal. MAC had also attempted to get the Commission broaden its hearing to include the entire Entercom Sacramento cluster. As of today, Entercom is moving the CHR format heard on KDND to its current hot AC KUDL at 106.5 FM.
iHeartMedia Names Mike Saffer Tucson Market President.
Moving from his most recent position as VP of
sales for
Clear Channel Outdoor
in Tucson is
Mike Saffer
, who takes on the market president position at
Tucson. Its stations in that market include news/talk outlets KNST and KTZR, as well as CHr KRQQ, hot AC KMIY "My 92.9," hip hop KOHT "HOT 98.3," country KYWD "97.1 The Bull," and Tejano KXEW-AM "Tejano 1600." About his new gig, Saffer comments, "I am elated to make the transition into the iHeartMedia family here in Tucson. Being raised in Tucson, the talent at these stations has always played a major role in my life. I am excited to work with those same stations to build upon their legacy and strengthen our relationship with both advertisers and the community."
Pollnow to Lead Cumulus Green Bay.
The Green Bay cluster of
Cumulus Media
has a new vice president and market manager as
Don Pollnow
returns to Wisconsin to lead the company's six-station group. Though Pollnow
has most recently been serving with
LM Communications
in Lexington, Kentucky as national sales manager, he served as general manager for
NRG Media
's Wausau-Steven Point station group in the past. Cumulus' Green Bay stations include: sports talk simulcast WDUZ "The Fan," country WPCK "NASH FM 104.9," hot AC WQLH " Star 98," triple A WKRU, and classic hits WOGB.
Travel Order Court Battle, U.S.-Russia Relations, Yiannopoulos Berkeley Speech Protests, Iran Missile Test, Marine Le Pen's Campaign for President, Gorsuch SCOTUS Nomination and Patriots-Falcons Super Bowl Among Top News/Talk Stories Over the Weekend.
The ongoing controversy over President
Donald Trump
's travel order targeting seven predominantly Muslim nations and federal judge
James Robart
's temporary restraining order staying the order; the relations between the U.S. and Russia and Trump's comments to
Bill O'Reilly
Vladimir Putin
; last Thursday's canceled speech by Breitbart editor Milo Yiannopoulos at UC-Berkeley after violent protests; U.S. response to Iran over its test of a missile last week; the nationalist campaign of French presidential candidate
Marine Le Pen
; the nomination of
Neil Gorsuch
for Supreme Court justice; and Sunday night's Super Bowl LI between the Patriots and Falcons were some of the most-talked-about news/talk stories over the weekend.
Music Radio News and Career Moves
. In Boston, "The Morning Wake UP" with co-hosts
KJ Carson
Kesha Monk
debuts today on the new urban AC WKAF "97.7 FM, Boston's #1 For R&B."
split the simulcast of rock WAAF and WKAF back in early January and today is launching the new morning show.
Chris Malone
is programming the station…..
Mapleton Communications
Tommy Del Rio
from his regional program director post to vice president of top 40 programming. Del Rio is in charge of the programming for all seven of Mapleton's CHR-formatted stations…..In the Yakima market,
Brian Henderson
Todd E. Lyons Esq.
are being paired up for mornings on
Townsquare Media
's active rock KATS. Henderson previously served as PD for
Radio Yakima
's crosstown classic rocker KRSE "105.7 The Hawk." In addition to morning show duties, Henderson is handling the brand manager position at KATS…..
Brazos Valley Communications
Shalayna Valencia
regional director of events & digital for its stations in both the Odessa-Midland and Bryan-College Station markets. Valencia was previously market president for
Townsquare Media
's Odessa-Midland operations…..Radio pro
Sari Zalesin
joins the marketing division at mobile app developer
. At the same time, the company promotes
Alex Burnstein
to the new position, director of marketing.
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Praise for tisabas
There is an extreme satisfaction in knowing that you've built something that will benefit every airline's employees and passengers, in addition to increasing operational efficiency and safety at a reduced cost. TISABAS makes ramp agents' jobs safer and easier, while passengers retrieve undamaged luggage sooner.
Here's what ramp agents have to say about TISABAS:
Using the system was amazing. The way it works is simple and easy. It sure makes a difference in how my back feels after unloading and loading the plane.
The way the conveyor works is very slick! Folds out easy, folds up easy and compared to throwing the bags TISABAS makes the job so much easier.
I think TISABAS will greatly reduce the chances of my crew getting injured. It makes the physical aspects of the job so much easier.
When I first tried TISABAS, two of us unloaded a fully packed pit 4 (737-800) without breaking a sweat. NO stress on the back, shoulders or elbows. I was also impressed at how fast the sections folded down and lengthened as the pit emptied out. Two thumbs up!!!
This conveyer makes all aspects of loading and unloading the aircraft much easier. The simple fact that it is getting the bags up off the belly floor where I can get my hands under them and not have to grip the bags saves so much energy.
It saves time, it saves effort, it saves manpower! It will save on injuries, cost of injuries and keep newer people around longer.
TISABAS makes the whole process better; better on my back, better on the bags, and better on the aircraft.