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What is Love Series – Love Always Outline
1 Corinthians 13:4-7
- Love is Patient… fill in gaps with GRACE
- Love is Kind… do GOOD & be GENEROUS to all
- Love Rejoices with Truth… DELIGHT in truth
- Love Always
"Love Always"… used to use this as my signature for cards and letters
Realized that I do not "Love Always."
Always means ALL THE TIME
1 Corinthians 13:4-7 (ESV)
4 Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant 5 or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; 6 it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. 7 Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
1 Corinthians 13:7 Living Bible (TLB)
7 If you love someone, you will be loyal to him no matter what the cost. You will always believe in him, always expect the best of him, and always stand your ground in defending him.
1 Corinthians 13:7 GOD'S WORD Translation (GW)
7 Love never stops being patient, never stops believing, never stops hoping, never gives up.
1 Corinthians 13:7 The Passion Translation (TPT)
7 Love is a safe place of shelter, for it never stops believing the best for others. Love never takes failure as defeat, for it never gives up.
Love BEARS all things – Love BEARS always
1 Peter 4:8 (NASB)
8 Above all, keep fervent in your love for one another, because love covers a multitude of sins.
Charles Spurgeon noted that… "This love both covers and bears all things. It never proclaims the errors of others. It refuses to see faults unless it may kindly help in their removal. It stands in the presence of a fault with a finger on its lips."
Love BELIEVES all things – Love BELIEVES always
Expect the best of others (of what's in them now)
You recognize they are made in the image of God — you see the very best in them now
You believe in someone until you are shown otherwise – give benefit of the doubt
Romans 12:10 English Standard Version (ESV)
10 Love one another with brotherly affection. Outdo one another in showing honor.
Faith in what God has made available now
Love HOPES all things – Love HOPES always
Expect the best of others (of what is to come)
You recognize that God has a greater purpose in a person's life, a plan & purpose of His design — you see what God wants to do in a person's life.
Love looks forward with confidence & grace
Trust that expects fulfillment of the future promises of God
1 Timothy 4:10 English Standard Version (ESV)
10 For to this end we toil and strive, because we have our hope set on the living God, who is the Savior of all people, especially of those who believe.
Romans 8:24 The Passion Translation (TPT)
24 For this is the hope of our salvation.
But hope means that we must trust and wait for what is still unseen. For why would we need to hope for something we already have?
Love ENDURES all things – Love ENDURES always
To endure – To remain under
Perseveres despite situations / circumstances
No matter what!
1 Corinthians 9:12 (NASB)
12 If others share the right over you, do we not more? Nevertheless, we did not use this right, but we endure all things so that we will cause no hindrance to the gospel of Christ.
In Closing, look to God to understand what it means to LOVE ALWAYS…
Love Bears… God bears… He pours out grace & mercy despite your sins and shortcomings. Your sins cannot stand up to His grace.
Love Believes… God believes the best in you – God designed you for His good purpose & God sees you as His Son.
Love Hopes… God has your future beautifully orchestrated & God sees who you will be – the beautiful masterpiece
Love Endures… God loves NO MATTER WHAT… He truly LOVES ALWAYS!
Be Useful
Something that I have been thinking about a lot is usefulness. There are moments when we have items in our home that are not useful to us. Sometimes we have apps on our devices that are not useful. Maybe at a time they seemed useful, but things have changed. But usefulness isn't only something we consider as objects or possessions. People can be useful or not useful too.
Paul was writing to Philemon about the runaway servant Onesimus. He tells Philemon about this change that has occurred. Yes, Onesimus was deserving of punishment, which could have meant a death sentence. It was within the legal limits. But Paul mentions this great conversion of Onesimus. Not only did he give his life to Jesus, but in doing so, he became useful. In saying, "Not my will, but Your will be done," he became useful. God had big plans for Onesimus!
If someone would consider your usefulness, what would they say? Would they describe you as very useful? Do you think you are very useful? Or is something getting in the way? That something could even be you! Truth be told, you have a great purpose. God has known this since the very beginning. It is a purpose that I pray you embrace and pour yourself into as an offering. Aim today to come to terms with this usefulness, and if the Spirit convicts you, follow His leading. It is a very dangerous prayer to say, "Use me." Yet is a prayer than can help position you for what God has already prepared. Be useful. Plant for a good harvest.
"Onesimus hasn't been of much use to you in the past, but now he is very useful to both of us." – Philemon 1:11 [NLT]
No One
We often like to think the best of ourselves. We do not realize how corrupt our heart is, so it difficult to take a good hard look at ourselves and see the truth. In Jeremiah 17:9, we read, "The human heart is the most deceitful of all things, and desperately wicked. Who really knows how bad it is?" Deceitful. The MOST deceitful of all things. Desperately wicked—so wicked we cannot say how bad.
Today's verse says that no one does good. That means that even you do not do good. You are part of the "not a single one." That is hard to handle. We find it hard to come to terms with the fact that we are not good—that we are corrupt. The truth is, no matter how many good things we do, we have bad things that we think and do—things we do not even realize. But God can see through every crack and crevice. He sees the corruption. He sees the deceitfulness. He sees the wickedness from within us.
The awesome good news is that He loves us anyway, and He has made a way for us to be in right relationship with Him. Despite the corruption, despite not doing good—He has made a way for us to come before Him, covered in the blood of His Son Jesus Christ. We are clothed in His righteousness, made right with God through Him. Today, thank God for His great mercy and His unfailing love. Seek His righteousness above all else. Remember, no one does good—not a single one.
"But no, all have turned away; all have become corrupt. No one does good, not a single one!" – Psalm 53:3 [NLT]
Refusing to Confess
We never like to be wrong. Pride. It's a terrible thing. Not only do we not like being wrong, but we usually are not quick to confess our sin. Rather than confess to God and receive His mercy, we do not take the simple step toward forgiveness.
The Psalmist noted that when he refused to confess his sin, his "body wasted away… (he) groaned all day long." He carried around this horrible burden, this dreadful sin, and it caused him to experience great pain. It tore him up. It weighed him down.
We usually think that the confession of sin is all about us stating our imperfections, listing the laws of God we have broken. It is a time when we recognize we serve a holy God. Confession is much more than this though—it's a release, a freedom from this sin that weighs us down. When we confess, He is faithful to forgive us (1 John 1:9). That's it. Said and done. No need to look back on it. No need to remember it (He chooses not to). Read Isaiah 43:25. Freedom. If you have something to confess, take that step. Be free.
"When I refused to confess my sin, my body wasted away, and I groaned all day long." – Psalm 32:3 [NLT]
Cannot See
The Psalmist asks God how he could know all the sins that were lurking about in his heart. He understood that we cannot see everything. We are blind to some of the things lurking in our heart. We try not to acknowledge some things that are happening. We disregard some of the sins. We turn a blind eye. But God, He sees everything. He sees everything on our heart. He knows us more than we know ourselves. All the hidden faults, all of the bad thoughts, all of the things we deny or turn our eyes from—He sees.
The Psalmist asks that God cleanse him from these hidden faults. He does not want to have this sin in his heart. He knows he cannot see it, but he knows there's something there. God sees it. God alone can cleanse him from it. This is a great prayer we can lift to Him. Those sins that are hiding deep within—He can purify us from them.
It's amazing to consider how awesome our God is, isn't it? He has unfailing love for us. He pours out grace upon grace. His mercy is unending. Even though we have these sins, even these ones we deny or cannot see, He loves us. He forgives us. He calls us His own. Today, rejoice in His love. Rejoice in the freedom from sin that He alone provides. Rejoice, rejoice that He makes all things new!
"How can I know all the sins lurking in my heart? Cleanse me from these hidden faults." – Psalm 19:12 [NLT]


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Breed: Congo African Grey
Hi there! My name is Chuba. I was found flying outside and a kind person brought me to Niles Animal Hospital. Niles contacted the Refuge and that's how I find myself here. The nice people at the Refuge contacted a few people who had lost African Greys, but none of them were "my people". So, I'm settling in nicely here in my new surroundings. Rich, Karen and the volunteers are still learning about me. I do talk and in fact, I was able to tell them what my name is. I also make lots of fun noises. So far, I seem to prefer brunette women, but as I'm still settling in here, I'll keep them guessing as to whether I will end up liking others as well. I am a bit afraid of hands and really don't know how to step up. I will fly nicely to your head though! In time, I'm sure everyone here will help me overcome my fear of hands.
If you'd like to know more about me, please contact the Refuge and ask for Chuba!
Lots of love,
Please read through the adoption steps and faqs before submitting an application.

subset: commoncrawl


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WWE 205 Live
Episode 96
Original Air Date: September 26, 2018
Event Date: September 25, 2018
(available on the WWE Network)
City: Denver, CO
Venue: Pepsi Center
Commentary: Vic Joseph, Nigel McGuinness, Percy Watson
Ring Announcer: Greg Hamilton
Last week, Cedric Alexander defended the Cruiserweight Title against Drew Gulak. He now has to prepare for Buddy Murphy in less than two weeks at Super Show-Down. Drake Maverick says that tonight he will mediate a face to face confrontation between Murphy and Alexander. But first, Noam Dar will take on Lio Rush. Also tonight, Mustafa Ali will finally get a rematch with Hideo Itami.
Intro Video
"Hail to the Crown" by CFO$ featuring From Ashes to New
Match 1
Noam Dar vs Lio Rush
(referee: Darrick Moore)
Result: Lio Rush wins via pinfall after the Final Hour
Time: 8:13
Match Thoughts
Good match. It was interesting seeing Noam Dar as the bigger man in the match. It felt at times he took Rush lightly because of the size difference, and it cost him. Rush was able to avoid a lot of Dar's offense, but Dar did still get in a lot of good strikes and holds. It seemed as if Dar might be pulling ahead late in the match when Rush hit a few devastating moves in a row to lead to the finish. I liked this match, and I'd like to see them go again.
Drake Maverick sits down with Cedric Alexander and Buddy Murphy. Alexander intends to win. He'll defeat Murphy again because of his pride. Murphy says he was so close to defeating Alexander last time, and now he'll have the home field advantage. Murphy says he'll beat the hell out of Alexander and take his title. Murphy finishes talking and leaves.
Match 2
The Brian Kendrick w/ Drew Gulak, Gentleman Jack Gallagher vs Cody Devine
(referee: Ryan Tran)
Result: Brian Kendrick wins via submission with the Captain's Hook
Time: 0:09
Match Thoughts
A squash in under ten seconds.
Ring Area
After the match, Drew Gulak attacks Cody Devine. Gulak continues the attack until Kendrick throws Devine out of the ring.
Mustafa Ali says he might be insane to take on Hideo Itami again, but Ali has people that look to him for answers. That's why Ali is a light in the dark.
Selfie Promo
In a mask, TJP says he knows all about the passion and respect of lucha libre masks. He used to wrestle in Mexico, and he's never cared about tradition or respect. Next week he will show his disrespect once again when he defeats Kalisto.
Match 3
Mustafa Ali vs Hideo Itami
(referee: Danilo Anfibio)
Result: the match ends in a double count out after Ali hits a diving 450 splash on the apron
Time: 16:27
Match Thoughts
Very good match. There wasn't a winner, but I'm pretty okay with that. This match was about showing the lengths both men will go to in order to beat their opponent. Ali took a ton of punishment with Itami hitting numerous strikes and some big moves (like a spinning falcon arrow from the second rope). Ali hit some huge moves late in the match (including a nasty looking splash as both men fell from the top). The feud between Ali and Itami could contend for one of the best of the year if they keep going like this.
Show Impressions
Good show. The main event stole the show, but Rush versus Dar was highly entertaining, and seeing Kendrick squash a guy in nine seconds was certainly memorable.
Match of the Night
Mustafa Ali vs Hideo Itami
This was very good, and I can only hope the next match will be even better.
Official Results:�https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-205-live/2018-09-26


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Caspers Mystery Mirror
I hope you aren't afraid of ghosts lads, because I've got Casper's Mystery Mirror for you to play with! See if the Mystery Mirror can show you big wins.
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Use the Lines window to select the number of winlines you wish to play with for the next spin. Again, just use the up (+) and donw (-) arrows to change the number of winlines in play.
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When you have decided your stake, and are happy to place your bet, press Spin, and the reels will start to spin.
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During your Free Spins, then any Mystery Mirror symbol that appears on your reels will change. All Mystery Mirror symbols that land on the reels will change to the same randomly selected. This will help to complete winning lines for you, and give you the biggest wins.


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Snohomish County, WA – The Snohomish County Sheriff's Office Special Investigations Unit (SIU) assisted the Federal Bureau of Investigations and several other law enforcement agencies in a large-scale prostitution sting on May 4th, 2017.
According to a press release from Shari Ireton, Director of Communications for the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office, over 30 search warrants were served throughout Western Washington, Georgia, and Queens, New York. One of those was served at a Lynnwood Brothel. SIU detectives, with assistance from the Snohomish County Violent Offender Task force, made entry into the facility and located an adult female, a victim of human sex trafficking. A Sheriff's Deputy and F.B.I agent interviewed the victim and offered her victims assistance. The Lynnwood location that was raided has been the subject of multiple complaints. No arrests were made at the location.
Sheriff Ty Trenary said "I'm proud of our agency's involvement and the work by Sheriff's Office detectives in helping take down this prostitution ring. These are difficult cases, requiring countless hours of investigative work and planning. Human trafficking is essentially a form of modern-day slavery and I won't tolerate the victimization of women in Snohomish County."
While there were no arrests at the Lynnwood location, a total of Six people were arrested as part of the large-scale investigation into the organized crime ring involving prostitution.
According to the complaint filed in U.S District Court, Federal and Local Law Enforcement partners worked jointly to investigate a criminal ring making hundreds of thousands of dollars through the prostitution of Asian sex workers. In Partnership with the FBI, the King County Sheriff's Office (KCSO) and Police Departments in Bellevue, Renton, Redmond, Seattle and Tukwila identified numerous brothel location through their analysis of Backpage.com, cell phone and other business records.
The joint team of local and federal investigators then conducted surveillance of the ring's activities. Law Enforcement determined that multiple locations were linked to the organization via ads placed on websites such as Backpage.com. The investigation revealed that the same internet protocol (IP) addresses were used to place many of the ads and many of the phone numbers associated with the ads were linked as well. In some instances the phone numbers listed took callers to call centers in New York and Washington, D.C.. In other cases, Law Enforcement agencies followed up on citizen complaints about apartments being used as prostitution locations and confirmed that the organization was in fact conducting prostitution at those locations.
The multi-state investigation revealed that FANG WANG, the apparent leader of the operation had spent around $100,000 to boost her ads to increase the traffic to her ads on the backpage.com.
Other defendants in the case played different roles, renting apartments, transporting sex workers to various locations, purchasing supplies, collecting money from sex workers and placing internet ads.
Investigators determined that prostitution activities associated with the ring occurred at apartments or hotels in Bellevue, Kent, Kirkland, Lynnwood, Olympia, Lacey, Puyallup, Renton, Tukwila, Seattle and Federal Way. Other locations where the prostitution ring operated included Eastern Washington cities such as Richland, Kennewick, Wenatchee and Spokane. The sex workers were frequently moved from city to city.
Arrested in the investigation were 28-year old FANG WANG of Queens, New York, 27-year old YONGGUANG WU of Seattle, 44-year old YUNZHONG CHEN of Seattle, 32-year old YAOAN HE of Seattle, 22-year old ZHAOFENG ZHANG of Seattle and 59-year old STEVEN THOMPSON of Renton, Washington. All were charged with conspiracy to use a communication facility to promote prostitution. ZHANG was arrested in Columbus, Georgia.
U.S. Attorney Annette L. Hayes said " These defendants ran an organized prostitution ring with tentacles into many of our cities and towns. The search warrants executed today are part of our ongoing investigations. We are committed to working closely with our state and local partners to ensure we identify and hold all those responsible to account, including anyone involved in human trafficking or exploitation crimes."
"Partnership is critical in dismantling organized crime syndicates like this one because they span multiple jurisdictions," said Special Agent in Charge Jay S. Tabb, Jr. of the FBI's Seattle Field Office. "Our goal is to disrupt networks, not just arrest select individuals or stem criminal activity in one area, only to watch it emerge in another. By working jointly across Washington, local, state and federal law enforcement partners can eliminate the threat that organized crime groups pose to our residents."
"Our work with our partners continues to expose the underbelly of this industry, and the unequal power dynamics at work within it," said Sheriff John Urquhart. "Organized crime is a threat to the safety of our community, and we will continue working with our partners to disrupt it."
"The Bellevue Police Department will be relentless in its effort to rid our community of those who would take advantage of others for personal profit. I commend the hard work of our investigators and Federal partners in this joint effort," said Bellevue Police Chief Steve Mylett.
According to a release from the United States Department of Justice, the charges contained in the complaint are only allegations.
A person is presumed innocent unless and until he or she is proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.
Conspiracy is punishable by up to five years in prison and a $250,000 fine.
The case is being jointly investigated by the FBI, the Bellevue Police Department, the King County Sheriff's Office, the Redmond Police Department, the Renton Police Department, the Seattle Police Department, the Tukwila Police Department, and Homeland Security Investigation (HSI). The operation and service of search warrants involved assistance from police departments in Everett, Federal Way, Kennewick, Kent, Kirkland, Lacey, Puyallup, Richland, Spokane, and Wenatchee and assistance from the Snohomish County and Spokane County Sheriff's Offices.
The case is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorneys Kate Crisham, Siddharth Velamoor and Vince Lombardi.
To learn more about Skagit County's Coalition against human trafficking, please visit their Facebook page by clicking here and get involved
Source: Justice.gov


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First Reading Level 4
Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood is off to visit her Grandma. But waiting in the woods is a very hungry wolf with a very cunning plan... This delightfully illustrated version of the classic fairy tale is specially written for children who are just beginning to read, with simple text and colourful illustrations by Lorena Alvarez on every page.
Key Stage: EYFS; Age 4+
Lexile Measure: 500L
Book Band: 8 - Purple
CEFR Level: B1
Price: £5.99
48 pages
196 x 130mm
Author/Editor: Rob Lloyd Jones
Illustrator: Lorena Alvarez


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Atrial Flutter Market: Overview
Atrial flutter refers to abnormal rhythm of heart. It is marked with atrial rates of around 240 to 400 beats every minute and blockage in the node of atrioventricular. Atrioventricular node takes control of the heart rate and is considered to be one of the significant elements of the system of cardiac conduction. Atrial flutter results in irregular electrical impulse of the heart thereby leading to disorganized contraction in parts of human heart and inability to pump the needed amount of blood. The general and common reasons for atrial flutter comprise hypertension, coronary heart disease, too much of alcohol consumption, sick sinus syndrome, heart bypass surgery, heart valve disease, and overactive thyroid gland.
Considering the international vendor landscape, the world market for atrial flutter can be considered as moderately fragmented and the market players focus on strategically important partnerships, collaborations, mergers, and acquisitions.
Atrial Flutter Market: Trends and Opportunities
Increase in the number of people with various common diseases like obesity and diabetes are anticipated to fuel the world market for atrial flutter over the period of forecast. Rise in the prevalence of many different types of heart diseases like stroke, heart attack, and congestive heart failure are also anticipated to propel the said market. In accordance with the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death across the globe. More people die every year from cardiovascular diseases than from any other type of disease. Cardiovascular diseases have been responsible for around 17.7 million deaths in the year 2015, thereby representing around 31% of the total deaths across the globe. Out of all of these deaths, around 7.4 million were owing to coronary heart disease and 6.7 million owing to stroke.
The international market for atrial flutter can be categorized on the basis of type, end-user, treatment type, and region. Taking the category of type into consideration, the said market has been segmented into atypical atrial flutter, incisional atrial re-entry, reverse typical atrial flutter, typical atrial flutter, and left atrial flutter. On the basis of end-user, the said market can be further segmented into ambulatory surgical centers, electrophysiology labs, hospitals, and others. Based on the type of treatment, the world market for atrial flutter market can be classified into surgical treatment, acute treatment, anticoagulant treatment, catheter ablation treatment, and others.
Atrial Flutter Market: Geography
In terms of geography, the world market for atrial flutter market could be categorized into Middle East & Africa, North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, and Europe. The region of North America has been the leading region for the said world market in the year 2016, due to the rising prevalence of heart diseases. In accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease has been held accountable for around 610,000 deaths in the U.S. every year i.e. 1 in every 4 deaths. Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been the most common kind of heart disease and it held responsible for around 370,000 deaths per year. Europe is anticipated to be the second biggest market while taking revenue into consideration. The market in the European region is likely to be fuelled by the rise in the adoption of advanced infrastructure, technologically advanced products, increased occurrences of obesity and hypertension, and advanced health care facilities. Asia Pacific is expected to register robust growth rate from the year 2017 to the year 2025 owing to various factors like aging patient population and rise in disposable income. In accordance with the United Nations ESCAP, the region of Asia Pacific has been home to around 60% of the world's total geriatric population which is defined as people are 60 years or older.
Atrial Flutter Market: Company Profiling
The prominent market participants who have been operating in the world market for atrial flutter market comprise names such as Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Abbott, and Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
For the purpose of this study, the market has been segmented as follows:
- Global Atrial Flutter Market, by Type
- Typical Atrial Flutter
- Reverse Typical Atrial Flutter
- Incisional Atrial Re-entry
- Left Atrial Flutter
- Atypical Atrial Flutter
- Global Atrial Flutter Market, by Treatment Type
- Catheter Ablation Treatment
- Acute Treatment
- Anticoagulant Treatment
- Surgical Treatment
- Others
- Global Atrial Flutter Market, by End-user
- Hospitals
- Electrophysiology Labs
- Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- Others
- Global Atrial Flutter Market, by Geography
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- North America
- Latin America
- Middle East and Africa
This report gives you access to decisive data such as:
- Market growth drivers
- Factors limiting market growth
- Current market trends
- Market structure
- Market projections for the coming years
Key highlights of this report
- Overview of key market forces propelling and restraining market growth
- Up-to-date analyses of market trends and technological improvements
- Pin-point analyses of market competition dynamics to offer you a competitive edge
- An analysis of strategies of major competitors
- An array of graphics and SWOT analysis of major industry segments
- Detailed analyses of industry trends
- A well-defined technological growth map with an impact-analysis
- Offers a clear understanding of the competitive landscape and key product segments
Note: Although care has been taken to maintain the highest levels of accuracy in TMR's reports, recent market/vendor-specific changes may take time to reflect in the analysis.
Atrial Flutter Market


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Highlands College continues to be recognized nationally as an excellent
educational value for post-secondary students.This time,
the five-campus college was named one of the Top 2 …
Georgia Highlands College continues to be recognized nationally as an excellent educational value for post-secondary students.
This time, the five-campus college was named one of the Top 2 institutions in Georgia with the "best bang for your tuition," according to The Penny Hoarder, one of the largest personal-finance websites and the No. 1-ranked fastest-growing private media company in the country for the second consecutive year.
Currently, a GHC student can earn a two-year degree for less than $8,000 and a four-year degree for less than $16,000, according to the college.
"More than ever, students evaluate college based on return on investment, and GHC remains a unique opportunity in northwest Georgia to graduate with a college degree with little to no debt upon completion," Vice President for Student Affairs Todd Jones said. "Having a national source point out that a student at GHC can earn a two-year degree for less than $8,000 and a four-year degree for less than $16,000 right here at home is fantastic."
In the article "We Crunched the Numbers and Found the Best College Bargains in Each State," The Penny Hoarder analyzed annual tuition cost, net cost, enrollment, acceptance rates and other factors for every college in the country that had data available to produce a "bang-for-your-buck ratio." The higher the ratio, the further a student's tuition dollars will go.
The website said it "dug into hundreds of megabytes of data and used a statistical technique to weight the following factors: enrollment, acceptance rate, average net cost (the total cost of attending college, including tuition, books and housing, minus scholarships and other financial aid), in-state tuition cost, median earnings 10 years after graduation and student loan default rate."
The Georgia Institute of Technology and GHC were listed as the state's two colleges with the best bang-for-your-buck ratio.
Jones said the college strives to be the University System of Georgia's primary access institution for northwest Georgia "and remains one of the most affordable, accessible and valuable options for students."
"GHC continues to research and implement new ways to make the college experience at GHC financially stress-free, including efforts to eliminate textbook costs and providing free digital options," he said. "GHC's faculty have been working since fall 2015 to expand open education resources courses each semester. Through spring 2018, GHC's faculty has helped students save roughly $6.48 million with offerings in 25 courses across 250 classes."
OER course conversions are aided by the USG's Affordable Learning Georgia initiative, "which promotes student success by providing cost-free alternatives to expensive textbooks," Jones said.
"The new OERs don't just provide free textbooks either," he said. "Students also get video resources, software, labs and an enhanced textbook experience with hyperlinks to many other resources."
While this is the first time Georgia Highlands has been listed by The Penny Hoarder, it's not the first time the college has been recognized by other sources for its affordability and return on investment, Jones said.
"Georgia Highlands College was one of two colleges in Georgia listed on a federal report as the best value and best return on investment in the state," he said. "GHC was highlighted in the two-year category and the Georgia Institute of Technology in the four-year category. The data was collected and published by the U.S. Department of Education on a website called the College Scorecard."
Scholarship Owl named GHC the most affordable four-year college in Georgia, Jones said.
"The research compiled also shows GHC as the fourth most affordable in the country, just behind Palm Beach State College in Florida, Colorado Mountain College in Colorado and Brazosport College in Texas. Scholarship Owl notes that 'getting a quality education doesn't have to require a lot of spending.'"
The website Schools.com ranked GHC second in the Top 5 Best State Colleges in Georgia and touted the institution for its transfer rate to four-year schools and its affordable cost for tuition, fees and supplies, Jones said.
"Schools.com states, '…the college offers classes on weekends and evenings and expanded its geographical reach with additional instructional sites in Cartersville, Marietta, Dallas and Douglasville to accommodate those who live at a distance from the main campus,'" he said. State colleges within the USG were ranked by Schools.com on the percentage of students enrolled in distance education, cost of attendance, student-to-faculty ratio, graduation rate and transfers to USG institutions, Jones added.


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This exact keyword match domain is a perfect name for a business invoicing and payment service, or maybe something related to the multi-million dollar business collections industry. The .biz extension fits this domain like a glove. Some great possible uses for the domain are a payment related service, payroll service, eCommerce, and human resources.
Another great use would be for an affiliate related website or service.
This name is for sale at Sedo.


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Just in time for National Poetry Month (April), my new book of haiku, LIFE: HAIKU BY HAIKU is available in both Kindle and hard copy versions on Amazon.
In addition to my haiku-a-day giveaway of three hard copies of LIFE: HAIKU BY HAIKU, I'll be celebrating National Poetry Month by offering FREE Kindle versions this weekend, from Saturday morning, 3/29 through Sunday night, 3/30.
Just click HERE to download. If you like the book, I hope you'll spread the word!
Thank you, and happy National Poetry Month!


text: Additional Community Housing & Services Resources Home » Departments » Housing Commission » Housing Programs » Additional Community Housing & Services Resources Page ContentCommunity Centers Laws & Handbooks Other Resources The following links are provided here to assist you in gathering information regarding housing and supportive services. They are only a small percentage of available resources. 2015 Low Cost Independent Housing (PDF) 2015 Low Cost Senior Housing OVERVIEW (PDF)Community Centers Community Action Network — Community Action Network's mission is to partner with children, youth and families from under-resourced Washtenaw County neighborhoods to create better futures for themselves, and improve the communities in which they live." CAN advocates for low-income families with schools, community service providers and government agencies. CAN develops awareness in the broader community of the challenges these families face. CAN strives to build strong, stable and safe communities, which benefits all Washtenaw County residents. Email CAN. Peace Neighborhood Center — Peace Neighborhood Center (PNC) mission is to provide programs for children, families and individuals who are affected by social and economic problems. PNC helps people discover options, enhance skills and make choices that lead to self-sufficiency and positive community involvement.Laws and Handbooks (click on the title to access each item) Security Deposit Law - Act 348 **TENANT AND LANDLORD HANDBOOK** - Published by the Michigan Legislature Link to entire Act 348: Landlord and Tenant Relationships TRUTH IN RENTING ACT 454 of 1978 MICHIGAN CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT Act 331 of 1976 PHA Contact Information - HUDOther Resources AAA 1-B Senior Services Affordable Housing Landlords Affordable Rental Housing Directory National Public Housing and Voucher Wait List Notification Avalon Housing Center for Civil Justice - Individuals may obtain Michigan state identification cards at low to no cost. Claim your Rent on Your Income Taxes Cooperative Extension Office - Offices that assist families to stretch their dollars and live and eat healthily. DHS Benefits Fair Housing Information Habitat for Humanity HAWC - Housing Access for Washtenaw County. Help With Paying Bills Housing Bureau for Seniors Low Income Self-Sufficiency Plan (LSP) is a low affordable payment plan through DTE for eligible low income families. This program allows you to make affordable monthly payments based on your income. The remaining portion of your bill is paid monthly with your energy assistance funds Michigan Ability Partners Michigan Child Support Benefits Michigan Housing Locator Michigan Office of Services to the Aging Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA)Michigan Retirement Living MSHDA Additional Housing Resources National Low-Income Housing Coalition National Housing Law Project Ozone House POWER Inc. Rent to Own Homes SOS Community Service Social Security Benefits The Ann Arbor Thrift Shop – Go online for information about contributions to our community Washtenaw County Community and Economic Development Washtenaw Housing Education Partners


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MIA: Volunteer: Create eBooks
Creating an eBook from MIA web files using Calibre
NB Please ensure the web book is complete and proofed before you create the ebook – any changes needed in one must be replicated by hand in the other.
Calibre is an open source ebook manager which includes a very effective editor. It is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. There is general guidance for using Calibre here. We here create an ebook in epub format, which is the open standard, and then convert it to mobi (for Kindle) and pdf.
1 Create Empty Book
Open Calibre.
Click on: Toolbar → Add Books → Add Empty Book
Set Author and Title, leave Format as EPUB
2 Set Metadata
2.1 Edit metadata
Click on: Toolbar → Edit Metadata
- Set tags – eg Non-fiction, Politics – and IDs, Comments, publication date etc. as appropriate.
- It's good to add a cover, but beware of copyright. You can create a cover yourself as a jpeg or png file using any graphics editor, eg Gimp or Paint. Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons are good sources for copyright-free photos.
- Save your changes.
2.2 Polish book
Click on: Toolbar → Polish Books
In the Polish Book dialog check 'Update Metadata in the book files' and 'Update the cover in the book files', then click OK.
NOTE: Once it is polished Calibre will normally have created an 'Original_epub' format version. It is essential that you delete this otherwise you risk losing all your work on the book if you 'polish' again at any time in the future. Delete it by right-clicking on ORIGINAL_EPUB on Formats at the right bar and select 'Delete ORIGINAL_EPUB format' – or use the Remove Books menu list option. You can stop Calibre creating the ORIGINAL_EPUB file by clicking on Preferences → Change Calibre Behaviour → Tweaks, search for polish and change the setting to: save_original_format_when_polishing = False
3 Add Content to Book
Click on: Toolbar → Edit Book
3.1 Create stylesheet
- Import the original .css stylesheet with File → Import files into book. To find it on the MIA website, its address will be in the header of each file. Unfortunately some MIA books use different css files on different chapters: you could replicate this, but it is bad practice, so you should really pick the most commonly used one and if there is a missing class then put it into the one css file.
- Import a stylesheet which you like or create a new stylesheet with File → New file – call it eg styles.css and click OK. Either way you'll need to make sure all the class= entries throughout the html files are correct, and possibly change many of them, so it could be a lot more work.
3.2 Create a sample html file
- Create a sample html file so you can use the header in the imported files. Use File → New file. Call it test.html and click OK.
- Make any changes to the header so it complies with MIA's eBook Production Guidelines.
3.3 Add html files
- Use File → Import files into book to import the files singly or in a batch.
- Re-order the files into the right order, by dragging them up or down the list.
- Smarten the code up with Tools → Beautify all files. You can also beautify files individually.
- In each html file replace the header from the start up to and including the  tag with the header from test.html.
- In each html file you will probably need to remove quite a bit of material at the top of the page – typically html 'breadcrumbs' and the author and book name. You may be able to combine this with stage 4 – ie replace not just the html header but also the visible page headings.
Also remove any extraneous material at the bottom of the page, eg a 'top of page' link or 'last updated' info.
3.4 Web addresses
Web addresses need checking and correcting.
1 Relative addresses outside this book
Relative addresses to other MIA content need to have the full address given, ie starting with www.marxists.org.
2 Footnotes
Footnotes in html in an online page may have links with the web address. If so then the web address element needs to be deleted from the footnote links, both in the text and the footnote, just leaving the '#' reference (plus the local html file if the footnote reference is to/from a different file in the ebook).
For instance
52.
52.
might be replaced with
52.
3 Other internal links
Most other internal links can be removed, eg to the next chapter, top of page etc. Those which need to be kept will need amending as per Footnotes above, ie to point to a file within the book. Calibre will help you by suggesting possible files/references when you start typing the href.
4 Edit Book
4.1 Correct the layout
Go through the book a file at a time correcting layout issues – typically removing excess headings etc which are needed in the web pages (because people can jump straight there from anywhere on the web), rather than each page being part of a book, as here.
4.2 Fix any code errors
Click Run check at the right of the Check Book section at the top of the editor.
Click on each of the errors shown at the left to correct them.
4.3 Create a Table of Contents, and Contents page
- Click on: Tools → Table of Contents → Edit Table of Contents
- Auto-generate a table of contents with one of the options at the right. Generate ToC from major headings is the one to try first. If that doesn't work well try one of the others. You can then edit it as you wish.
- Auto-generate a Contents page with Tools → Table of Contents → Insert inline Table of Contents. This creates a toc.xhtml file as the first file. Drag it to the correct place for the Contents page, and edit it as you wish. You will need to replace the header with the standard header (which you used for all the other files in 3.3.4 above).
5 Proof-read the Book
Proof read the book, ideally on a PC/Mac and also an eBook reader/tablet/phone, so you can see how it looks in large and mobile format. You may well need to make quite a few formatting changes as the requirements for a well laid out eBook are not necessarily the same as for a web book.
NB If you need to make any text corrections then these should be replicated in the MIA web pages – contact the MIA Admin Committee.
6 Create Other Formats and Upload to MIA
Once you are happy with the book, create mobi (for Kindle) and pdf versions of it with the toolbar Convert books button.
They should then be uploaded to MIA – contact the MIA Admin Committee.
If you have the necessary permissions yourself then you need to:
- Upload the books to the ebook library at mia/ebooks/..., creating an author folder there if there isn't one already.
- Reference the book in index.htm in the eBook page, adding an author entry if necessary.
- Put a reference to the ebook in the front page (index.htm) of the web book.
7 Example
This guidance was written while converting the web version of State Capitalism in Russia into an ebook (epub, mobi and pdf).
Contact the Marxists Internet Archive Admin Committee for further information


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Lazetta Rainey Braxton, MBA, CFP®
Lazetta Rainey Braxton, MBA, CFP®, is the Financial Planner for the Rest of Us. Unlike many financial advisors who focus only on the super-rich and 1%, Lazetta partners with everyday people who desire the financial freedom to influence, experience, give, and make a difference for their family and future generations—to create wealth for the common good.
As a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERTM practitioner with more than 20 years of experience in wealth management services, Lazetta offers personalized financial advice, investment management, and educational seminars to individuals, families, businesses, and institutions. She offers a safe space for clients to connect with their values and develop a financial plan for a secure and abundant life. In 2008, she founded Financial Fountains, a fee-only financial planning and registered investment advisory firm that serves clients from around the country.
Lazetta strongly believes in diversity and inclusion and access to financial planning. Her volunteer leadership positions include serving as Chair of the Association of African American Financial Advisors (AAAA), Founding President of the AAAA Foundation, as well as a member of the CNBC Digital Financial Advisor Council, CFP Board Center for Financial Planning Advisory Panel, Women's Initiative Council, and Diversity Advisory Group.
Recognized for her leadership, entrepreneurial spirit, and dedication to the financial planning profession, Lazetta was honored as one of the inaugural Investment News' Women to Watch and Excellence in Diversity and Inclusion See It Be It awardees and is a recipient of the Association of African American Financial Advisors' Leadership Legacy Award. She also received the Heart of Financial Planning award from the Financial Planning Association.
Lazetta is frequently featured in national publications and makes guest TV appearances as a financial expert. She has appeared on NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt, Nightly Business Report, CNBC Closing Bell and CNBC Power Lunch. She has been featured in national publications including CNBC.com, Wall Street Journal, Kiplinger's, Essence, Black Enterprise, Financial Planning Magazine, Morningstar, USA Today and many more. Also, as sought-after speaker, Lazetta delivers keynotes and workshops that invite attendees to secure their legacies one dollar at a time.
Lazetta holds an MBA in finance and entrepreneurship from the Wake Forest University, a BS in finance and international business from the University of Virginia, and a Certificate of Achievement in Personal Financial Planning from Metropolitan Community College of Omaha, Nebraska. She resides in the Baltimore metro area with her husband Brad, their daughter Karis, and dog, Sampson.


text:
Three Hawks To Play in Subway Super Series
Portland Winterhawks players Joe Morrow, Ty Rattie and Brad Ross will represent Team WHL against Team Russia in the 2011 SUBWAY® Super Series on November 16 in Regina, Saskatchewan.
It marks the ninth straight year that teams of CHL All-Stars have competed against Team Russia in preparation for the World Junior Hockey Championships. The SUBWAY® Super Series is an integral part of the evaluation process prior to Team Canada's final selection camp in December.
Morrow was a first round pick of the Pittsburgh Penguins, 23rd overall, in the 2011 NHL Draft. He has 11 points in 10 games this season. Rattie was a second round pick of the St. Louis Blues, 32nd overall, in the 2011 NHL Draft. He leads Portland with 21 points in 14 games this season. Ross was a second round pick of the Toronto Maple Leafs, 43rd overall, in the 2010 NHL Draft. Ross has 20 points in 15 games this season.
"Playing in the Subway Super Series is great opportunity for Joe, Ty and Brad," said Portland Winterhawks General Manager & Head Coach Mike Johnston. "They will have a chance to represent the WHL against the Russian Selects which is a great international experience while also trying to impress the Canadian World Junior staff. I expect all three to be strong candidates for this year's World Junior tournament in Alberta."
Team WHL will face Team Russia in games five and six of the series played Wednesday, November 16 in Regina, SK, and on Thursday, November 17 in Moose Jaw, SK. The first two games of the series are hosted by the QMJHL with the OHL hosting games three and four. The Winterhawks players will only play in the Nov. 16 game.
Team WHL was selected by a special committee of WHL General Managers along with Kevin Prendergast, Hockey Canada's Head Scout for the Canadian National Junior Team, as part of the selection process for the 2012 World Junior Hockey Championships.
Five-game ticket plans are now available and start at just $60 per person and include five free gifts. Group rates start at 10 people ($16.50 per person) and every ticket includes a free Winterhawks hat. Call 503-236-HAWK or e-mail email@example.com today to guarantee the best locations.


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text:
Peripherals and accessories company Mad Catz breaks down the new LYNX 9 mobile controller in this exclusive interview and demo.
Total War: Warhammer II Skaven Developer Interview
Total War: Warhammer II Skaven Developer Interview. Total War: Warhammer II is an upcoming turn-based strategy and real-time tactics video game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War video game series and a sequel to 2016's Total War: Warhammer.


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Here to facilitate a good time.
Eastport Liquor and its sister stores, Royal Canada Liquor Store in Okotoks have been providing a great collection liquor products at everyday low price for the last 15+ years. It doesn't matter if you are buying a six pack or planning a wedding, the staff members would be happy to help.
In our stores, there are always wine samplings for you to try. From time to time, we will have tasting event in addition to our Eno-Matic machines.


text:
LEGOLAND® California Resort is the ultimate family
destination. The Resort takes you deep into the LEGO®
world with more than 60 rides, shows and attractions
including the incredible SEA LIFE® Aquarium and the
world's first LEGOLAND Water Park. The amazing new
LEGOLAND Hotel is now open with Pirate, Kingdom and
Adventure-themed rooms!
LEGOLAND® Hotel SEA LIFE® Aquarium THE LEGO MOVIE EXPERIENCE®
For Ticket, Event and Room Reservation Offers Visit LEGOLAND.com or Call 877-LEGOLAND (534-6526)
Located in Carlsbad off I- 5, LEGOLAND California is open daily through September 8th and is closed Tuesdays and Wednesdays during select periods. LEGOLAND Water Park is now open through October
28th with some blackout days. Above offer available exclusively online. Prices, times and schedules subject to change without notice. Visit LEGOLAND.com or call 877-LEGOLAND (534-6526) for details.
LEGO, the LEGO logo, the Brick and Knob configurations, the Mini figure and LEGOLAND are trademarks of the LEGO Group. ©2014 The LEGO Group.
LEGOLAND AND SEA LIFE ARE A PAR T OF THE MERLIN ENTER TAINMEN TS GROUP. TM and ®2014 Cartoon Network. A Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


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What is NaNoWriMo?
If you've been around the writing community for any length of time, chances are you've heard of NaNoWriMo and at least have a bit of an idea about what it is. In case you (somehow) haven't, or you're brand new to this online world like I was this time last year, NaNoWriMo stands for National Novel Writing Month. It's an "annual, internet-based creating project" where "participants attempt to write a 50,000 word manuscript between November 1 and November 30" (thanks Wikipedia). If I've got my facts right, 2018 is the 20th iteration of this event.
I first heard about NaNoWriMo ~14 months ago and have been intrigued by the idea ever since. While writing 50,000 words in one month sounds like a daunting target, it's definitely achievable when a large chunk of the writing community is around you and if you're motivated about your writing. Which I am. There's one key problem: the timing of NaNoWriMo kinda sucks for those of us Down Under.
If you're an Australian student like me, November is EXAM MONTH!! Now, I am absolutely not opposed to some good procrastination. In fact, I've procrastinated a hell of a lot this semester…which has probably exacerbated this little problem where exams are rapidly approaching and I kinda need to start studying. For the next few weeks I'm going to have my head stuck in the books (and not the good kind), and after the October I've had I just don't have the mental energy to start a new project from scratch.
My goal for NaNoWriMo 2018
However. I've been waiting, like, a good year now to participate in NaNoWriMo, so I've decided to adjust the rules a little to suit me and my situation. I'm currently deeply entrenched in two very different WIPs, and don't want to launch into an entirely new project right now. Besides, given I'm an avid planner when it comes to writing and can't seem to pants it to save myself, I don't have sufficiently fleshed-out new idea to use it for this upcoming challenge.
Therefore, I have decided that my goal for NaNoWriMo 2018 is to finish the third draft of my contemporary YA novel Holding Up the Sky.
Here are the reasons why I think this is the perfect goal for me:
I have written approximately 40,000 words of my 85,000 word target for this draft. I therefore have 45,000 words left to write.
All the planning is done and I know what is going to happen. There's no need for pantsing!
Writing the third draft is a whole lot less exhausting than writing a first draft, so my weary mind should be able to handle it while simultaneously studying for exams.
I REALLY, REALLY, REALLY want this draft to be finished by the end of the year!! Even if I don't finish it during NaNoWriMo, I'll be close enough to finish in December.
I love the concept of NaNoWriMo and am really excited about participating in my own, unique way. Of course, throughout the month I will continue the world-building for my fantasy project Graceborn with the hopes of starting the second draft of the first installment, Blood of Old, sometime in December. So I'll definitely be keeping busy, and look forward to chatting with you all about your own goals and targets 🙂
"The weight of the sky—of the whole world—was pushing down, and it was crushing me."
Carter Cantwell seems to have it all: brains, athleticism, musical talent, and a winning personality to boot. But he's gotten good at pretending. No one sees through his façade, to the real him, buried deep inside.
Then Carter meets Remy. And that's when it all starts to fall apart.
Read the first chapter of Holding Up the Sky here.
Are you participating in NaNoWriMo 2018? What are your goals and targets? Have you had to create your own unique rules?
Rebecca Alasdair


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Thanks to Mr. Oscar Wilde:
Oh! Gossip is charming! [And] history is merely gossip.
And, for The Dollop? from the same novel:
Life is far too important a thing ever to talk seriously about.
Pick an episode, and come on in, let's gossip:Copyright secured by Digiprove © 2016 Carla Hufstedler


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Bye bye, Bei Bei!
Today, 19 November 2019, Fedex "Panda Express" will fly again, for the 8th time. This time the specially decaled B777F will carry Bei Bei, a four-year-old giant panda, 13,700 km from the Smithsonian's National Zoo in Washington DC (USA) to Chengdu, China.
Bei Bei was born at the National Zoo, and like his sister Bao Bao in 2017, he is moving to China to help keeping the giant panda population genetically diverse. Fedex is donating transportation services as part of its Fedex Cares "delivering for good" initiative.
This dedicated special flight of the B777F can make the 16-hour journey from DC to China non-stop. The only cargo on board will be Bei Bei and his favourite treats: 30 kg of bamboo, 0.9 kg of apples and pears, two bags of leaf-eater biscuits, 0.9 kg of cooked sweet potatoes and lots of water. (ah)


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At IDES Ltd we carry out a wide spectrum of installation's.
We not only install Home Automation products throughout Scotland we can also offer bespoke gate solutions as well.
Now fully automated our sliding gate on Edinburgh new build project, commissioning and handover complete. #Bft Automation UK supplied the sliding automation gear and access control via #aiphone color entry system. Note smooth operation, slow down function on open & close, also pedestrian open (1m) . Client delighted.
Contact IDES Ltd for all your home, office automation and security requirements on 0131 443 3133


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Efficient generation of twin photons at telecom wavelengths with 10 GHz repetition-rate tunable comb laser
Efficient generation and detection of indistinguishable twin photons are at the core of quantum information and communications technology (Q-ICT). These photons are conventionally generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), which is a probabilistic process, and hence occurs at a limited rate, which restricts wider applications of Q-ICT. To increase the rate, one had to excite SPDC by higher pump power, while it inevitably produced more unwanted multi-photon components, harmfully degrading quantum interference visibility. Here we solve this problem by using recently developed 10 GHz repetition-rate-tunable comb laser Sakamoto et al. (2008); Morohashi et al. (2012), combined with a group-velocity-matched nonlinear crystal Jin et al. (2013a, 2014), and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors Miki et al. (2013); Yamashita et al. (2013). They operate at telecom wavelengths more efficiently with less noises than conventional schemes, those typically operate at visible and near infrared wavelengths generated by a 76 MHz Ti Sapphire laser and detected by Si detectors Lu et al. (2007); Huang et al. (2011); Yao et al. (2012). We could show high interference visibilities, which are free from the pump-power induced degradation. Our laser, nonlinear crystal, and detectors constitute a powerful tool box, which will pave a way to implementing quantum photonics circuits with variety of good and low-cost telecom components, and will eventually realize scalable Q-ICT in optical infra-structures.
I Introduction
Since the first experimental realization of quantum teleportation Bouwmeester et al. (1997), many experiments with multiphoton entanglement have been demonstrated Lu et al. (2007); Pan et al. (2012), and currently expanded to eight photons, employing multiple SPDC crystals Huang et al. (2011); Yao et al. (2012). In order to increase the scale of entanglement further, the generation probability per SPDC crystal must be drastically improved without degrading the quantum indistinguishability of photons. Unfortunately, however, a dilemma always exists in SPDC: higher pump power is required for higher generation probability, while it degrades quantum interference visibility due to unwanted multi-pair emissions, leading to the increase of error rates in entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) Fujiwara et al. (2014) and photonic quantum information processing Knill et al. (2001).
When SPDC sources are used, the 2-fold coincidence counts (CC) can be estimated as
where is the repetition rate of the pump laser, is the generation probability of one photon-pair per pulse, is the overall efficiency, which is the product of the collecting efficiency of the whole optical system and the detecting efficiency of the detectors. The should be restricted to less than 0.1, so that the effect of unwanted multi-pair emissions can be negligible. So the pump power is tuned for .
The value of is not high in the conventional photon source. A standard technology is based on SPDC at visible and near infrared wavelengths using a BBO crystal pumped by the second harmonic of the femto-second laser pulses from a Ti Sapphire laser, whose repetition rate is 76 MHz Lu et al. (2007); Huang et al. (2011); Yao et al. (2012). In this case, the probability had not been able to go beyond 0.06, because the second harmonic power was limited to 300-900 mW for a fundamental laser power of 1-3 W. Therefore, recent efforts have been focused on increasing the pump power Krischek et al. (2010).
Recently the periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) crystals attract much attention because it can achieve 0.1 (0.6) at telecom wavelengths with a pump power of 80 (400) mW thanks to the quasi-phase matching (QPM) technique Jin et al. (2013b). When waveguide structure is employed, can be times higher than the bulk crystal Tanzilli et al. (2001); Zhong et al. (2012). Unfortunately, however, the constraint should be met in these cases too. The is already maximized by careful alignment in laboratories, e.g., the typical value is about 0.2-0.3 Huang et al. (2011); Yao et al. (2012); Jin et al. (2013b). Thus and have almost reach their maxima. The remaining effective way is to improve the repetition rate of the pump laser, .
In this work, we demonstrate a novel photon source pumped by a recently developed repetition-rate-tunable comb laser in a range of 10-0.625 GHz Sakamoto et al. (2008); Morohashi et al. (2012). This laser can operate in relatively low pulse energy, while keeping high average power, thanks to a high repetition rate. The low pulse energy would result in the reduction of the multiple-pair emission. At the same time a high counting rate would be expected owing to the high average power. The SPDC based on a group-velocity-matched PPKTP (GVM-PPKTP) crystal can achieve very high spectral purity of the constituent photons Jin et al. (2013a, 2014). Furthermore, the photons are detected by the state-of-the-art superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) Miki et al. (2013); Yamashita et al. (2013), which have a much higher efficiency than that of traditional InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD).
Ii Experiment
The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.
The picosecond pulses from the comb laser are generated with the following principles Sakamoto et al. (2008); Morohashi et al. (2012). A continuous-wave (cw) light emitted from a single-mode laser diode (LD) with a wavelength of around 1553 nm is led into a Mach-Zehnder-modulator (MZM) and is converted to a comb signal with 10 GHz in spacing and 300 GHz in bandwidth. The MZM is fabricated on a LiNbO crystal and is driven by a 10 GHz radio-frequency signal. Because the comb signal has linear chirp, it can be formed to a picosecond pulse train with a repetition rate of 10 GHz by chirp compensation using a single-mode fiber. The comb laser also includes a pulse picker, so that the repetition frequency of the pulse train can be changed in the range of 10-0.625 GHz. In this experiment, we keep the temporal width around 2.5 ps. Fig. 2(a) shows the spectrum of this laser at 2.5 GHz repetition rate. See the Appendix for more spectral and temporal information of this comb laser. For more details of this kind of comb lasers, see Refs. Sakamoto et al. (2007); Morohashi et al. (2008).
Generating a high-power second harmonic light (SHG) is a key point in this experiment. Since the average power per pulse of the comb laser is very low, we choose a periodically poled lithium niobate wave guide (PPLN-WG) for SHG. We tested both 10 GHz and 2.5 GHz repetition rate lasers. We found the SHG power with 2.5 GHz repetition rate was more stable than that with 10 GHz repetition rate. Therefore, the data in this experiment are mainly obtained by using 2.5 GHz repetition rate. With the input 2.5 GHz repetition rate fundamental laser at a power of 500 mW, we obtained 42 mW SHG power. After filtered by several short-pass filters to cut the fundamental light, we finally achieved a net SHG power of 35 mW. The transmission loss of the PPLN-WG was around 50%. Fig. 2(b) is the spectrum of 776.5nm SHG laser, measured by a spectrometer (SpectraPro-2300i, Acton Research Corp.). Interestingly, it can be noticed that the comb structure no-longer exists in the SHG spectrum, which may be caused by a sum-frequency-generation process.
For SPDC, the nonlinear crystal used in this experiment is a PPKTP crystal, which satisfy the GVM condition at telecom wavelength Jin et al. (2013a); König and Wong (2004); Evans et al. (2010); Gerrits et al. (2011); Eckstein et al. (2011). Thanks to the GVM condition, the spectral purity is much higher at telecom wavelength than that at visible wavelengths Jin et al. (2014). This spectrally pure photon source is very useful for multi-photon interference between independent sources Mosley et al. (2008); Jin et al. (2011, 2013c). Figure 2(c, d) are the observed spectra of the signal and idler photons, measured by a spectrometer (SpctraPro-2500i, Acton Research Corp.). The FWHMs of the twin photons are about 1.2-1.3 nm, similar as the spectral width of the photons pumped by 76 MHz laser Jin et al. (2013a).
Our superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have a system detection efficiency (SDE) of around 70% with a dark count rate (DCR) less than 1 kcps Miki et al. (2013); Yamashita et al. (2013); Jin et al. (2013b). The SNSPD also has a wide spectral response range that covers at least from 1470 nm to 1630 nm wavelengths Jin et al. (2013b). The measured timing jitter and dead time (recovery time) were 68 ps Miki et al. (2013) and 40 ns Miki et al. (2007).
The performance with the 2.5 GHz source is evaluated in terms of a signal to noise ratio (SNR) Broome et al. (2011) and a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference Hong et al. (1987), in comparison with the 76 MHz laser. The SNR test is carried out in the detecting configuration of Fig. 1(a), while the HOM test is performed in that of Fig. 1(b).
Iii Result 1: Signal to noise ratio test
The SNR is defined as the ratio of single pair emission rate over the double pair emission rate Broome et al. (2011). These rates can be evaluated by Time of Arrival (ToA) data, which are shown in Fig. 3(a-d).
Each data consists of the main peak and side peaks, and we define the peak counts as the value of each peak. The side peaks are not visible in Fig. 3(a, b) because the resolution of the detector system (0.5 ns, as seen in the inset in (a)) is comparable to the pulse interval of 2.5 GHz laser (0.4 ns). So, we set the averaged maximal counts as the side peak values. The side peaks are recorded when a second SPDC occurs (in the stop channel) conditioned on a first SPDC (in the start channel) occurs at the main peaks. Therefore, the side peaks correspond to the rate of 2-pair components in SPDC, while the main peaks correspond to the rate of 1-pair plus 2-pair components in SPDC. So the SNR can be calculated in dB as
The measured SNR are 42.0 dB, 39.0 dB, 34.6 dB, 23.0 dB for Fig. 3(a-d), respectively.
Theoretical calculation unveils that the SNR is proportional to the inverse of average photon numbers per pulse at a lower pump power Broome et al. (2011). This claim can be experimentally verified by comparing Fig. 3(c) and (d) with the 76 MHz laser. When the pump power increases from 2 mW to 30 mW, the SNR is decreased by 34.6 - 23.0 = 11.6 dB. It agrees well with the 30 mW / 2 mW = 15 times (11.7 dB) increase of average photon number per pulse.
Next, we compare the result in Fig. 3(b) and (d), so as to confirm the validity of the definition for side peak values in Fig. 3(a) and (b). At 30 mW pump power, the coincidence counts are 48 kcps and 56 kcps for 2.5 GHz and 76 MHz laser, respectively, as seen from Fig. 3(b) and (d). Then the average photon numbers per pulse are estimated to be 0.00021 and 0.0079, correspondingly. The average photon pair per pulse for the 2.5 GHz laser is 0.0079 / 0.00021 = 37.6 times (15.8 dB) lower than that of the 76 MHz laser. Recall the SNR difference between 2.5 GHz and 76 MHz of 39.0 - 23.0 = 16.0 dB. This consistency verifies the validity of the definition for side peak values in Fig. 3(a) and (b).
Finally, we estimate the SNR values for the case of the 2.5 GHz laser at 2 mW in Fig. 3(a). The SNR at 2 mW should ideally increase by 11.7 dB (15 times), from 39.0 dB (30 mW in Fig. 3(b)) to 50.7 dB. Actually, however, the measured SNR is only 42.0 dB. This discrepancy is mainly due to the dark counts by the detectors and the accidental counts by stray photons.
Iv Result 2: Hong-Ou-Mandel interference test
We then carried out the HOM interference test to evaluate the performance of a twin photon source. We firstly worked with 30 mW pump power for 2.5 GHz and 76 MHz repetition rate lasers, and achieved raw visibilities of 96.4 0.2% and 95.9 0.1%, respectively, as shown in Fig. 4(a, b).
The triangle-shape of the HOM dip in Fig. 4(a, b) is caused by the group-velocity matching condition in PPKTP crystal at telecom wavelengths Kuzucu et al. (2005); Shimizu and Edamatsu (2009). The widths of the dips in Fig. 4 (a, b) are similar, around 1.33 mm (4.4 ps), since the width of the dip is determined by the length of the crystal Ansari et al. (2014). The high visibilities in Fig. 4 confirmed the high indistinguishability of the generated photons.
To compare the different performance of the 2.5 GHz and 76 MHz lasers, we repeated the HOM interference test at different pump powers. Without subtract any background counts, we compare the raw visibilities of HOM dip at different pump powers in Fig. 5.
At a low pump power of 2.5 mW, the 76 MHz laser has a visibility of 97.4 0.4%, slightly higher than the result by the 2.5 GHz laser, 96.5 0.6%. At 30 mW, the average photon numbers per pulse were 0.00028 and 0.0092 for 2.5 GHz and 76 MHz lasers. Note the average photon numbers per pulse in the HOM interference test were slightly higher than that in the ToA test, because we slightly improved the experimental condition in the test of HOM interference.
It is noteworthy that the visibilities by the 76 MHz laser decrease rapidly when the pump powers increase. In contrast, the visibilities by the 2.5 GHz laser shows almost no decrease up to 35 mW, the maximum SHG power we have achieved in experiment. To fit this experimental data, we construct a theoretical model. In this model, the transmittance loss of the signal and idler photons are effectively described by two beam splitters, and the mode-matching efficiency between the signal and idler are also represented by two beam splitters with the transmittance of . The transmittance loss is obtained from the experimental condition, while the mode-matching efficiency are searched so as to fit the experimental data. The numerical analyses suggest that the HOM visibility is extremely sensitive to the mode matching efficiency, . However, it is not easy to estimate the experimental value with enough accuracy. In Fig. 5, the data are fitted with values of 0.9828 and 0.9878 for 2.5 GHz laser and 76 MHz laser, respectively. Higher value for the 76 MHz laser is reasonable, because the indistinguishablites of the twin photons generated by the 76 MHz laser is slightly better than that by the 2.5 GHz laser, which can be roughly checked by the spectra of the signal and idler in Fig. 2(c) and (d). After the transmittance efficiency and the mode-matching efficiency are fixed, the HOM visibilities are only determined by , the average photon pairs per pulse (i.e., the generation probability of one pair per pulse). The low value by the 2.5 GHz laser guarantees its high visibilities at high pump powers. In Fig. 5, the theoretical model fitted well with our experimental data. See more details of our model in the Appendix.
V Discussion and Outlook
With the theoretical model (See the Appendix), we further calculate the visibilities at high pump powers, as shown in Tab. 1. It is interesting to note that, at high pump power up to 3 W, the visibility by 76 MHz laser will decrease to 62.4%, while the 2.5 GHz laser still can keep the visibility higher than 90 %, mainly thanks to the low average photon numbers per pulse. To experimentally demonstrate this high visibilities at high pump powers in the future, we could update the PPKTP bulk crystal to a PPKTP waveguide. Also, SHG power of the comb laser at 10 GHz repetition rate needs to be improved. See the Appendix for the HOM interference of this comb laser at 10 GHz repetition rate.
|30 mW
|300 mW
|76 MHz
|0.0092 (96.1%)
|0.092 (86.1%)
|0.92 (62.4%)
|2.5 GHz
|0.00028 (96.4%)
|0.0028 (96.0%)
|0.028 (91.8%)
Nevertheless, our experimental results in Fig. 5 have clearly shown the non-degradation of HOM visibilites at high pump powers.
We notice that many other schemes have been reported to reduce the multi-pair emission. Broome et al demonstrated to reduce the multi-pair emission by temporally multiplexing the pulsed pump lasers by two times Broome et al. (2011). Ma et al tried to reduce such effects by multiplexing four independent SPDC sources Ma et al. (2011). All the previous methods have a limited effect, because the units they multiplexed were limited. If they increase the multiplexed units, the setup will be very complex. The GHz-repetition-rate-laser pumped photon source in our scheme provide a very simple and effective way to reduce the multi-pair emission. In addition, GHz repetition rate lasers are now commercially available Morris et al. (2014); Gig (); M2l ().
Therefore, our scheme will be a reasonable option to construct the next generation of twin photon sources with high brightness, low multi-pair emission and high detection efficiency. In the traditional twin photon source technologies, 76 MHZ pump laser is compatible with a BBO crystal (with maximum , corresponding to photon pair generation rate of 5 MHz) and Si avalanche photodiode (with acceptable maximal photon numbers of 5-10 MHz). In the next generation of twin photon sources, the 10 GHz laser should be combined with a high efficiency crystals, e.g., PPKTP crystal (or waveguide, with maximum , corresponding to photon pair generation rate of 1 GHz), and high speed detectors, e.g., the SNSPD (with acceptable maximal photon numbers of 25-100 MHz). Consequently, we expect more than tenfold brighter photon source in conjunction with both low multiple photon pairs production and high spectral purity. Further, a repetition tunability allow us to obtain an optimal generation probability in a pulse without sacrificing a photon counting rate.
Vi Conclusion
We have demonstrated a twin photon source pumped by a 10-GHz-repetition-rate tunable comb laser. The photons are generated from GVM-PPKTP crystal and detected by highly efficient SNSPDs. The SNR test and HOM interference test with 2.5 GHz laser showed a high SNR and high visibilities not degrading at high pump powers, much higher than that pumped by the 76 MHz laser. The high-repetition-rate pump laser, the GVM-PPKTP crystal, and the highly efficient detectors constitute a powerful tool box at the telecom wavelengths. We believe our tool box may have a variety of applications in the future quantum infromantion and communiction technologies.
The authors thank N. Singh for insightful discussion. This work was supported by the Founding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST).
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In this part we provide more information of the comb laser at 10 GHz and 2.5 GHz repetition rates. Figure 6 compares the spectra, autocorrelation, and temporal sequences of the comb laser at 10 GHz and 2.5 GHz repetition rates. Figure 7 shows the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip for the comb laser at 10 GHz, with a similar bandwidth and visibility as the results by the laser at 2.5 GHz repetition rate.
In this part, we numerically analyze the relationship between photon-pair generation rate (i.e., average photon pair per pulse) and HOM interference visibility.
.1 The model
Here, we describe a numerical model of the HOM experiment. The model is described in Fig. 8(a) (without delay) and (b) (with delay) where represent transmittances of mode and (losses are effectively described by beam splitters), respectively, and and are the detector efficiencies. The mode mismatch between the signal and idler pulses is directly reflected to the HOM interference visibility. In our model, the mode matching efficiency is effectively represented by two beam splitters with the transmittance and extra modes and .
The HOM interference visibility is defined as
where and are the coincidence count rates with zero-delay and large delay (i.e., with and without interference between the signal and idler), respectively. In the following we derive and separately from our model.
The initial state from the SPDC source is given by a two-mode squeezed-vacuum state
where is the squeezing parameter, and is the average photon pairs per pulse. Let be a beam splitting operator on mode with transmittance which transforms the photon number states as
Applying the beam splitters , , , , and onto the two-mode squeezed vacuum (state at X in Fig. 8(a)), we obtain
where and we have used the relation
Note that should be applied to mode and , which will be discussed later. From Eq. (.1) we find the joint probability of having , , , , , photons in mode A-F at X:
The 50/50 beam splitting of mode () into and ( and ) adds extra binomial distribution terms to Eq. (.1). The joint probability distribution for the state at the detectors is thus given by
The coincidence rate is then obtained by the sum of the joint probability:
The derivation of is rather simple since there is no interference at the 50/50 beam splitter due to the delay. This is illustrated in Fig. 8(b). Note that we do not need . The two-mode squeezed vacuum from the SPDC source has a joint photon distribution:
The beam splitting operation simply spread this distribution in a binomial manner. For example, after the beam splitter , the joint distribution is given by
Applying the and 50/50 beam splitters in a similar way, we have
before the detectors. The coincidence count is then given by
The HOM visibility in Eq. (3) is thus calculable from Eqs. (10) and (14).
.2 Numerical result
The transmittances (efficiencies) of each components in the experiment are summarized in Table 2 (see Fig. 8 for the theoretical model and the corresponding experimental setup in Main text. In fact, the HOM visibility is extremely sensitive to the mode matching factor . It is however not easy to estimate the mode matching factor experimentally with enough accuracy.
In Fig. 9, we plot the numerical results with various , and the experimental data with the 76 MHz laser. The experimental average photon-pair is estimated from the experimental count rates. The experimental data fit the theoretical lines well within . With the parameters in Table 2, we also calculated the performance of our scheme at high photon-pair generation rate, as shown in Fig. 10 and Table 3. From this simulation, we find several interesting relationship. (1), The visibility is directly determined by the average photon-pairs. (2), The slope of this line is very sensitive to the unbalanced loss in the delay arm and non-delay arm. (3), The Y-intercept of this line very sensitive to the mode matching efficiency.
|SMFC + FCs
|SMFC + FCs + Delay line


text:
Posts for tag: dentures
There's no doubt about it — dentures have changed your life. Now you can eat and speak normally, and smile again with confidence. But if you're going to continue to benefit from your dentures, you'll need to take care of them. One of the best things you can do is not sleep with them in.
There are a couple of important reasons why you should take your dentures out when you go to bed. First, dentures tend to compress the bony ridges of the gums that support them. This contributes to the loss of the underlying bone, an occurrence common with missing teeth. Wearing dentures around the clock can accelerate this bone loss, which eventually loosens your denture fit.
Constant denture wearing also contributes to mouth conditions conducive to dental disease. You're more likely to develop tongue and denture plaque (a thin film of bacteria and food particles) that can cause gum inflammation or yeast development. The presence of the latter could also trigger a chronic response from your immune system that might make you more susceptible to other diseases.
Good oral hygiene is just as important with dentures as with natural teeth. Besides removing them at night, you should also take them out and rinse them after eating and brush them at least once a day with a soft tooth brush. And be sure to use regular dish or hand soap (especially antibacterial) or denture cleanser — toothpaste is too abrasive for denture surfaces.
It's also a good habit to store your dentures in water or, better, an alkaline peroxide solution. This will help deter plaque and yeast development. And don't forget the rest of your mouth: brush your tongue and gums with a very soft toothbrush (different from your denture brush) or clean them off with a damp cloth.
Taking care of your dentures will ensure two things. You'll lower your risk for disease — and you'll also help extend your dentures' life and fit.
If you would like more information on caring for your dentures, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation.
Dentures, removable restorations for missing teeth and gum tissue, can take a number of different forms, but are usually of two different types: complete and partial. A complete denture replaces all the teeth in a given arch. A removable partial denture (RPD), on the other hand, replaces several missing teeth while using the remaining teeth as support.
A common type of RPD formed of plastic is known as a "flipper" because it's lightweight enough to be "flipped out" or moved around with the tongue. They serve an important purpose as a temporary appliance for use between periodontal treatment, implant placement and similar treatments before obtaining a more permanent restoration. In fact, they're often referred to as "transitional" RPDs because they're not designed for permanent tooth replacement.
Because of their low cost relative to other restorations, however, they often become the permanent choice for many people. While a well-constructed, properly fitting RPD in a healthy mouth can be an affordable alternative for people on modest budgets, their long-term use may increase the risk of dental disease and accelerated bone loss. Decades of research verify that people who permanently wear RPDs encounter more tooth decay and periodontal (gum) disease than non-wearers.
This is because the attachment points of a plastic RPD to remaining teeth increases bacterial growth, which can cause both tooth decay and gum disease. This doesn't only endanger the survival of the remaining teeth, it can lead to bone loss that will affect the RPD's fit.
While the better course is to consider RPDs as a stepping stone to dental implants or a fixed bridge, there's an intermediary RPD constructed of cast vitallium or gold alloy that could be considered a permanent choice. These are even lighter weight than plastic and less obtrusive in their attachments in the mouth, which can reduce plaque stagnation and promote a better oral environment.
Regardless of your choice in dentures, it's always important to maintain good consistent oral hygiene with daily brushing and flossing and semi-annual professional cleanings and checkups. Keeping a healthy mouth will help reduce your risk of dental disease and increase your satisfaction with your denture of choice.
If you would like more information on RPDs and other denture restorations, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "Removable Partial Dentures."
Some patients who wear dentures face a kind of Catch-22: their denture fit may have loosened and become uncomfortable over time due to continued bone loss, yet the same bone loss prevents them from obtaining dental implants, a superior tooth replacement system to dentures.
But there may be a solution to this dilemma that combines the stability of implants with a removable denture. A set of smaller diameter implants — "mini-implants" — can support a removable denture with less bone than required by a conventional implant.
Like all living tissue, bone has a life cycle: after a period of growth, the older bone dissolves and is absorbed by the body, a process known as resorption. The forces generated when we bite or chew are transmitted by the teeth to the jawbones, which stimulates new bone formation to replace the resorbed bone. When the teeth are lost, however, the stimulation is lost too; without it, resorption will eventually outpace bone growth and repair, causing the bone mass to shrink.
Removable dentures also can't supply the missing stimulation — bone loss continues as if the dentures weren't there; and due to the compressive forces of a denture, bone loss accelerates. As the jawbone structure used to originally form the denture's fit eventually shrinks, the denture becomes loose and difficult to wear. It's possible to adjust to the new jaw contours by relining the dentures with new material or creating a new set of dentures that match the current bone mass. Without adequate bone, fixed crowns or bridges anchored by conventional implants may also be out of the picture.
On the other hand, mini-implants with their smaller diameter need less bone than the traditional implant. A few strategically placed within the jaw are strong and stable enough to support a removable denture. One other advantage: these mini-implants can be installed in one visit with local anesthesia and usually without the need for incisions or stitches.
If you would like more information on dentures supported by mini-implants, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "The 'Great' Mini-Implant."
After a long struggle with dental disease, you have finally lost the last of your remaining teeth. Like over a quarter of Americans in their 60s and 70s, this unfortunate development can have a profound impact on your health and self-image.
While there are a number of advanced methods for replacing lost teeth, there's one tried and true option that's centuries old — the removable denture. It's the option millions of people have chosen to lessen the impact of missing teeth.
Fashioned properly, removable dentures restore the form and function you once had with your natural teeth. The prosthetic (false) teeth are precisely placed in an acrylic, gum-colored base that closely follows the contours of your gums. Because they're removable, they're fairly easy to clean and maintain.
They do have a disadvantage, though, and it's related to bone health after tooth loss. Like other living tissues, bone has a life cycle: as older cells die, new cells form to take their place. The forces your teeth generate when you chew stimulate new bone growth. But without teeth to provide this stimulation, new bone won't keep up the pace of replacement at a healthy rate. As a result you may gradually lose bone, as much as a quarter of its normal width within a year of losing a tooth.
Dentures don't transmit any stimulation to the gum and bone from chewing. Furthermore, the compressive forces transmitted to the gum and underlying bone tissue contributes to bone loss. As the bone continues to diminish, your denture fit becomes looser to the point you will eventually need them relined with new acrylic material or have a new set made.
There is another alternative when patients loose all of their teeth: an implant-supported removable denture. Dental implants can be used to keep the dentures more secure and can also slow or even halt bone loss where the implants are placed. In this case we strategically place a few implants to serve as supports for a removable denture. The denture has connection points that join up with the implants to hold it more securely in place. As few as two implants are needed in the lower jaw, while the upper jaw does better with three or four implants.
Losing all your teeth can be traumatic, but there are effective ways to overcome it. With new technology, the traditional restoration of removable dentures may be the vehicle for achieving that.
If you would like more information on restoring missing teeth with dentures, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "Removable Full Dentures."
People who've lost all their teeth have benefitted from a solution that's been around for generations: removable dentures. These appliances have helped millions of people chew and eat food, speak, and smile confidently.
But for all their benefits (including affordability) there's still some things you need to do to get the most out of them like cleaning them daily or having us check them regularly for damage and wear. And, there's one thing you shouldn't do: wear them around the clock. Not removing them when you sleep at night can harm your oral health and reduce your dentures' longevity.
Dentures are fitted to rest on the gums and the bony ridges that once held your natural teeth. This exerts pressure on the underlying bone that can cause it to gradually dissolve (resorb). This loss in bone volume eventually loosens your denture's fit. If you're wearing them all the time, the process progresses faster than if you took them out each night.
The under surfaces of dentures are also a prime breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. Besides unpleasant odors and irritation, these microorganisms are also the primary cause for dental disease. Research has found that people who sleep in their dentures have higher occurrences of plaque, a thin film of bacteria and food remnants that cause periodontal (gum) disease. They're also more prone to higher levels of yeast and the protein interleukin-6 in the blood, which can trigger inflammation elsewhere in the body.
To avoid these and other unpleasant outcomes, you should develop a few important habits: remove and rinse your dentures after eating; brush them at least once a day with dish or anti-bacterial soap or a denture cleanser (not toothpaste, which can be too abrasive); and take them out when you sleep and place them in water or an alkaline peroxide-based solution.
Be sure you also brush your gums and tongue with an extra soft toothbrush (not your denture brush) or wipe them with a clean, damp washcloth. This will help reduce the level of bacteria in the mouth.
Taking these steps, especially removing dentures while you sleep, will greatly enhance your well-being. Your dentures will last longer and your mouth will be healthier.
If you would like more information on denture care and maintenance, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation.