text:
When I was a kid, I loved ordering peanut butter and jelly sandwiches at restaurants. The white bread, creamy peanut butter, and store-bought jam were coveted treats compared to the whole wheat bread/chunky PB/homemade jam that we had at home. The one person who wasn't so fond of my ordering patterns? My dad. It would irritate him to no end: "We can make that at home! Order something else." I knew where he was coming from in that he grew up pretty poor and felt that restaurant orders shouldn't be something so ubiquitous and, dare I say it, pedestrian.
Hummus is one of those foods that was so exotic when I was a kid and is now found in pretty much any gas station convenience store. And, despite my "make it yourself" attitude for most things, I usually can't be bothered to make hummus. Well, I had all the ingredients on hand, so I whipped it up for a quick snack about 10 minutes before having to pick up the kiddo from preschool. The 1/2-cup+ of tahini really adds a luscious texture and nutty flavor to the dip that I often find minimized or missing in those store-bought versions (particularly those sans tahini). I sprinkled some za'atar on top and drizzled with walnut oil.
I'm a bit behind and still need to catch up with the bread. I spent several days/nights over the holiday weekend with my mom and had the task of cooking each night. We went to the farmer's market on Saturday morning and, knowing that, I decided if there were potatoes I'd make the frisée salad with lardons and poached egg. She lives in a mountainous area so I'm never quite sure what will be available compared to my own farmer's markets. Potatoes there were, in spades! I got a mixed basket of red, gold, and purple potatoes, and bought some escarole from a lovely organic farmer whom I happened to recognize as a friend since 1st grade. With a blueberry pie for dessert (thanks to the husband and child going blueberry picking the weekend before), this felt pretty decadent for dinner being that salad was the main. It was perfect for the warmth that day while also celebrating fresh produce.
This salad is one I've eaten multiple times in restaurants, particularly with the ash-covered goat cheese (Cendrier) available in the Touraine region when I lived there during grad school–I ate it nearly every day for lunch. This was my first go of making it at home and, other than being irritated with lack of poached egg skills, it was a worthwhile endeavor.
So, to bring my story full circle, I pretty much order what I want these days, despite certain attitudes to the contrary. Some 18 years after my dad first told me to order something else, as I'm 3000 miles from my nearest family member, I went on a third date with a man I had met in a subway train station. As I ordered a grilled cheese sandwich for lunch, he said, "But you can make that yourself!" I couldn't believe it. I rolled my eyes at him. In the end, I married that guy, and as I write this, we're exactly 5 weeks from our 15th wedding anniversary.


text:
"For my soul delighteth in the scriptures, and my heart pondereth them, and writeth them for the learning and the profit of my children." –Second Nephi 3:29 (LDS 4:15)
I've written blogs before on why I think that same-sex marriage is now permissible; I've also written blogs that prove that God changes what God has previously established. But, having had some recent conversations with different people, I know that many people are still in tremendous spiritual turmoil regarding the changes that have been made in the church (Community of Christ), not just with regard to same-sex marriage, but with regard to several changes, and their pain and grief is not something I can ignore, because I don't want to see any of my brothers and sisters be in a spiritual turmoil of any kind (whatever the issue might be). I did not enjoy seeing LGBT members in turmoil prior to the National Conferences and I don't enjoy seeing conservative/traditional members in turmoil following those conferences.
Often, the reason for opposing these changes derives from the conviction that God does not change. As it breaks my heart that so many people in the church are struggling as much as they are, and as I so very much wish I could take away their pain, and help them get to where I am, and be healed, I've decided to tackle both of these issues (same-sex marriage and the question of whether or not God changes things) in one blog (as before, I've always done so in separate blogs – but I've come to realize that understanding the latter is key to understanding the former).
And I think my conclusions, about the latter, can be applied to other church changes – not just same-sex marriage, though I'll be using that one as my focus here, since that is the most recent major change, and perhaps the most controversial and, currently, the one that seems to be causing the most turmoil for some of our brothers and sisters in the Church.
Note: when I say "same-sex marriage" I really mean two different things: same-sex marriage and the ordination of people in same-sex relationships. But, to save typing, I'm lumping the latter into the former.
As always, this blog will be written within a Latter Day Restoration context. Meaning, I will make my case by using, not ignoring, scripture from the Standard of Authority of Community of Christ (the Inspired Version, the Book of Mormon, and the Doctrine & Covenants). Additionally, I will not attempt to dismiss verses like Leviticus 18:22 as being a reference to something else (such as temple prostitution), or suggest that the verse was not of God, or that the Torah is metaphorical, or that Moses did not really exist, etc. On the contrary, I approach scripture with a fairly traditional stance. I believe (for example) that Moses really did exist, and that he wrote the Torah, and that when he indicated that what he wrote was revealed to him by God that it really was. These are my personal beliefs.
However, I have also come to realize, from reading all of our books of scripture, that there are some factors and considerations that have been heretofore overlooked by everyone else; and we cannot claim to truly believe in the Inspired Version, the Doctrine & Covenants, and the Book of Mormon if we do not accept what they say.
Joseph Smith III once wrote a document, known as the "Letter of Instruction" as a series of questions and answers; and I've decided, in an effort to be as clear as I can be on why I believe what I believe, to use that same format (as I feel some of my other blogs were hard to follow at times).
Please note, the views, ideas, conclusions, etc. that I express herein are not necessarily those of the Church.
All quotes from the Bible are from the Inspired Version unless otherwise noted.
All quotes from the Book of Mormon are from the 1908 CofC/RLDS Authorized Edition, unless otherwise noted.
Question 1: "How can you support same-sex marriage when we know that God said in Leviticus 18:22: "Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind; it is abomination."
Answer: While it is true that God, through Moses instituted the above prohibition, He has since reversed that position. He changed what He had previously established. I'll indicate how we know this further below.
Question 2: "But God does not change. Therefore, how can you say that God changed what He has previously established?"
Answer: While I agree that God Himself does not change, God can, and has, made changes to that which God had previously established. I'll provide examples of some of the changes further below.
Question 3: "If God changes that which God has previously established, does that not prove that God changes, and are we not told that God does not change?"
Answer: No, it does not prove that God changes. When the scriptures tell us that God does not change, that is best understood as God's divine nature is unchanging. God is always God. God is always without beginning or ending. God is always a god of love. God is always omnipresent, etc. This is what is meant by the fact that God does not change. But God's unchanging nature does not mean that God cannot bring about change, even to that which He Himself has previously established. I know that this is true because it is the only way to resolve what would otherwise be scriptural contradictions – which I'll elaborate on further below.
Question 4: "How do you know that God can bring about change and still be an unchangeable God?" (there are two reasons)
Answer (A): First, common sense tells us that all the changes that God made to that which He had previously established were always part of his plan. That is to say, when He first declared one thing that was ultimately changed, He knew then, when He first declared it, that He would one day change it. Therefore, there is simply no logical or rational reason to insist that God cannot change that which He has previously established on the premise that "God does not change" because anything that He might desire to alter was always His intention from the beginning – it was always part of His plan to make the changes that He did. To overlook the possibility that any change made was always part of God's intentions is to ignore reason, common sense, and logic.
Answer (B): Second, there are multiple examples in the scriptures of God making changes to that which God had previously established. Since these examples exist, we know that God can, and has, made changes to that which He had previously established. Also, because these examples exist, we have to understand all the verses that imply that God does not change in the context that I explained in the answer to question 3. Otherwise, an awkward contradiction exists. If we insist that the "I change not" verses mean that God does not change that which God has already established, then we must reject all scriptural passages that demonstrate God making such a change. This is not a tenable position; therefore, we have to take the examples as what they are – examples of God making changes to that which He had already established, whilst understanding the "I change not" verses as previously explained.
Question 5: "What examples of God changing that which God has previously established can you provide?"
Answer: Please consider the following examples…
Example 1: Baptismal Words Established – and then Changed.
Consider an example of God changing a sacrament. First, we read in Alma 9:
43 And now it came to pass that Alma took Helam, he being one of the first, and went and stood forth in the water, and cried, saying, O Lord, pour out thy Spirit upon thy servant, that he may do this work with holiness of heart.
44 And when he had said these words, the Spirit of the Lord was upon him, and he said, Helam, I baptize thee, having authority from the Almighty God, as a testimony that ye have entered into a covenant to serve him until you are dead, as to the mortal body; and may the Spirit of the Lord be poured out upon you; and may he grant unto you eternal life, through the redemption of Christ, whom he has prepared from the foundation of the world.
45 And after Alma had said these words, both Alma and Helam were buried in the water; and they arose and came forth out of the water rejoicing, being filled with the Spirit. (LDS 18:12-13)
Pay particular note to the words Alma used in verse 44 when he baptized Helam, keeping in mind that the above passage clearly indicates that Alma was filled with the Holy Spirit. This strongly suggests that what Alma did, and said, was done by the prompting of God. Now compare to:
"And now behold, these are the words which ye shall say, calling them by name, saying: Having authority given me of Jesus Christ, I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen." –Third Nephi 5:25 (LDS 11:24-25)
The baptism of Helam took place long before the words given in Third Nephi. Alma, empowered by the Holy Spirit spoke words to Helam and baptized him. And other people were baptized, and they were called from that time the Church of Christ. Clearly, this passage was recorded in the history of the Nephites to reveal, in part, when the church was first established in the New World. It was a significant moment in the history of the eternal church on Earth.
The fact that Alma was filled with the Spirit before he baptized Helam, and the fact that both he and Helam were filled by the Spirit after they arose from the water, and baptized others, who were then called the church of Christ, and the fact that all of this was recorded, clearly indicates that these baptisms were of course acceptable to God. This cannot be plausibly disputed.
Nor can it be plausibly denied that the baptisms of future generations of this iteration of the church were acceptable to God (excluding reasons other than the wording used).
So, from the time of Alma to Third Nephi, which was a period of several centuries, either the words above were used by all people performing baptisms, or people were free to use other words. The Book of Mormon does not tell us if what Alma said was used by others, or if the officiants were able to use other words. Perhaps each officiant received words imparted by the Spirit. We simply don't know.
What we do know is that in Third Nephi, the church received a specific baptismal statement. Therefore, the Lord made a change. In truth, we cannot say exactly what that change was. Either the Lord changed words that He gave before (if the words used by Alma were given by the Spirit), or he changed what was required during baptism, despite the fact that what was done before was acceptable to Him, and confirmed by his Spirit.
Example 2: Teachers Can Baptize – And then Cannot.
"And Alma established a church in the land of Sidom, and consecrated priests and teachers in the land, to baptize unto the Lord whosoever were desirous to be baptized." –Alma 10:103 (LDS 15:13)
Compare the above passage with Doctrine & Covenants Section 17:11e:
"but neither teachers nor deacons have authority to baptize, administer the sacrament, or lay on hands" (LDS 20:58)
So, we see that in the ancient church, according to the Book of Mormon, teachers could baptize. Yet, in the restored church, as indicated by the Book of Doctrine & Covenants, they cannot. God changed what the office of teacher was authorized to do. This represents a change made by God to the priesthood. It is important to note that this change was not an addition, but a revocation.
Example 3: Slavery Endorsed, Commanded, and then Condemned.
Another very important change pertains to slavery. In the Old Testament, slavery was tolerated and even commanded by God:
44 Both thy bond-men, and thy bond-maids, which thou shalt have, shall be of the heathen that are round about you; of them shall ye buy bond-men and bond-maids.
45 Moreover, of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among you, of them shall ye buy, and of their families that are with you, which they begat in your land; and they shall be your possession.
46 And ye shall take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them for a possession; they shall be your bond-men for ever; but over your brethren the children of Israel, ye shall not rule one over another with rigor. -Leviticus 25 (Inspired Version)
However, we read the following in Section 98:10g:
"Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another." (LDS 101:79)
This demonstrates God reversing a prior divine position. This would be, in my own opinion, an example of something that was not previously viewed by God as a sin, becoming so.
Regardless of that question, the point here is that God, for whatever reason, openly tolerated, and seemed to even command, or at least encourage slavery – the treatment of some people being regarded as property by other people; only to then reverse that position in 1833 – several centuries after the Torah was recorded.
Example 4: Bishops – Which Order?
In 1993 Herald Publishing House printed a book called "Having Authority", by Gregory A. Prince, which informs us on page 54 that bishops were originally part of the Melchisedec priesthood, but eventually became part of the Aaronic priesthood (this may be an unfamiliar concept for many readers, however, strictly speaking the office of bishop belongs to the Aaronic priesthood, and is properly filled by descendants of Aaron. However, since proving such descent is problematic, the lord has indicated that high priests can serve in the office of bishop).
Example 5: An Eye for An Eye – Or Not!
In Leviticus 24:20 we see a reference to God's Old Testament version of justice: "eye for eye". The verse states:
"Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be done to him again."
According to verse 13, this was the word of God spoken to Moses. So, this custom was God's will. However, this policy was reversed in the Gospel of Matthew:
40 Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.
41 But I say unto you that ye resist not evil; but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. -chapter 5
Example 6: Divorce – Forbidden. Then sanctioned.
We are told by Christ that divorce was not permitted in the days prior to Moses. However, at that point, because of the hardness of their hearts, divorce was sanctioned.
This change is significant. I've often had people tell me that God does not make changes to suit humanity. This clearly teaches us that such is not the case.
Example 7: Aaronic Priesthood – Nothing Stays the Same!
Fully appreciating the various changes related to the Aaronic priesthood will be easier if some background is provided.
According to scripture, God established two different orders of priesthood. The first, and senior of the two, was the Melchisedec priesthood, named after one of it's most prominent members, Melchisedec, King of Salem. According to Section 83:4c, this priesthood was removed from the world when Moses died, because the people no longer warranted it. However, before this occurred, God had conferred a second priesthood upon Aaron, the brother of Moses, which became known as the Aaroinc priesthood, and which became the only priesthood of the Israelites after Moses died.
According to the Book of Mormon, a group of Israelites, known as the Nephites, fled Jerusalem (in the Old World) in 600 BC, and traveled, under the direction of God, to the Americas (in the New World). The Aaronic priesthood also existed in their civilization. It is implied that it became dormant, and was therefore established a second time, therefore there were two iterations of the Aaronic priesthood amongst the Nephites.
The New Testament informs us that the Aaronic priesthood in the Old World survived to the time of Christ, and, we see references to priests and deacons and teachers in the New Testament church, so, it was incorporated into the body of the Christian faithful.
In the modern church, the Aaronic priesthood continues, having been conferred upon Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery (after a long period of dormancy lasting for centuries) on May 15th, 1929.
So, we have five iterations of the Aaronic priesthood. It can be confusing to keep them straight, so here is a cheat sheet:
Aaronic Priesthood Iterations
It might also be helpful to have a quick refresh on just who the Israelites are. In the Bible, in the Old Testament, God promises a man named Abraham that he will be the ancestor of many nations. Abraham's son is Isaac, and Isaac becomes the father of Jacob. Jacob has 12 sons. Jacob is renamed (by God), Israel (though he never seems to be called this, continuing to be called Jacob). His sons each become the patriarch of a tribe, thus, the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
Ok, so, in ancient scripture, as revealed in the Old Testament, God decided to bless the Twelve Tribes of Israel with a priesthood. He selected a member of the Tribe of Levi to be the first high priest, and that man was Aaron, the brother of Moses. Aaron's sons became the first priests. The rest of the Levites (those who were not descended from Aaron), were also given religious duties, but the priesthood itself was restricted to Aaron and his descendants only. Therefore, while other Levites had religious responsibilities, only the Aaronites were part of the actual priesthood.
It is important to keep in mind here that to be a Levite, you had to be descended from Levi, and to be part of the priesthood, you had to also be a descendant of Aaron.
The entire Aaronic priesthood would eventually become dormant. However, we know from our history that John the Baptist restored the Aaronic priesthood to the world when he conferred it upon Oliver Cowdery & Joseph Smith Jr.
But what of those ancestry requirements? Clearly, in the Restored church, they have been abolished. Any member of the church in good standing, who is called of God, can be, according to the laws of the church, ordained to any office of the Aaronic priesthood, regardless of heritage. One does not need to be descended from Aaron.
We should also look at the composition of the Aaronic priesthood. In ancient scripture it consisted of priests and a high priest (to avoid confusion with the Melchisedec office of high priest, I'll term this Aaronic role as "chief priest").
The chief priest was not simply an exalted role, but an office of priesthood, because he was consecrated to his position, with scripturally defined duties.
It is important to note that in the New Testament and in the Book of Mormon, no such office exists. There are high priests mentioned in both the New Testament and the Book of Mormon, but they are "after the Order of the Son of God" i.e., they are of the Melchisedec priesthood.
Now, we could argue that bishops, first introduced in the New Testament church, are simply chief priests of the Aaronic priesthood with a new designation. Yet, in the entire nation of ancient Israel, all through it's history, including when it was a kingdom, there was only one chief priest at a time. However, in the early years of the church, which had a vastly smaller population, there were multiple bishops. So, either bishops are a new office, with chief priests being discarded, or they are the same office, re-named, & reflective of a further change (many vs. one).
Then we have to deal with deacons and teachers. No such offices exist in the Old Testament. Teachers are found in the Aaronic priesthood as it existed amongst the Nephites, but deacons are still absent.
We might suggest that deacons and teachers represent the non-Aaronite Levites. However, the non-Aaronite Levities were classified into three groups: the Gershonites, the Kohathites and the Merarites. So, if we go with that theory, then we are forced to acknowledge that something is missing today. Plus, the non-Aaronite Levites were not truly part of the priesthood, but deacons and teachers are.
However, the real meat of this topic pertains to the duties and responsibilities of the Levites and the priesthood (I'm including the non-Aaronite Levites here just to be thorough, in case there is dispute over whether they were, or were not, part of the priesthood).
Each of the three types of non-Aaronite Levites had specific religious duties to perform, as indicated in the following passages from Numbers chapter 3:
25 And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, the covering thereof, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
26 And the hangings of the court, and the curtain for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar round about, and the cords of it, for all the service thereof.
30 And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
31 And their charge shall be the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the hanging, and all the service thereof.
36 And under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all that serveth thereto,
37 And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords.
The duties of the Aaronite priests were to perform various sacrifices and burnt offerings, each for a specific purpose. The chief priest presided over the day of atonement, and had various other unique duties to perform.
However, when we read Section 17 [LDS 20] of the Doctrine & Covenants (or any other section), we utterly fail to see any harmony of duties between the modern Aaronic priesthood, and those of the ancient Aaronites and Levites (though there are a few commonalities between the modern priesthood and the Aaronic priesthood amongst the Nephites).
Quite simply, none of the duties of the Levites or the priests or the chief priests of the Bible exist in the current Aaronic priesthood, and none of the responsibilities of the latter were held by the former. In fact, the primary duty of the Biblical priests of Aaron was specifically abolished by Christ:
"And ye shall offer up unto me no more the shedding of blood; …your sacrifices and your burnt offerings shall be done away, for I will accept none of your sacrifices and your burnt offerings; and ye shall offer for a sacrifice unto me a broken heart and a contrite spirit." –Third Nephi 4:49 (LDS 9:19-20)
Its worth pointing out that not only were the duties of the priests of Aaron changed, the Lord actually stated that he would no longer accept what he previously commanded His people to provide: sacrifices and burnt offerings, the entire tradition having been "done away" with. The core function of the Aaronic priesthood was abolished. Again, this demonstrates God changing something that He had previously established and implemented.
What we see from all of this is that God does indeed alter things to suit his purposes, as circumstances warrant. God may not change, but the world does, and therefore, the needs of the people, and of the church, change, and thus, God changes the priesthood and the church to better support the needs that they have.
Indeed, a comparison of the Israelite and Nephite Aaronic priesthoods sets a precedent for differences to exist at the same time.
The priesthood of Israel had priests and chief priests, and were assisted by the Levites. The priesthood of the Nephites had priests and teachers and lacked Levites. Not just Levitical temple workers, but members of the Tribe of Levi. Of which the Aaronic priesthood had to be part of. This means that in fact, there were two different divine policies operating on the Earth at the same time. In the Old World, you had to be an Aaronite to be part of the Aaronic priesthood. In the New World, you did not. Two different rules, at the same time, depending where you were, to suit God's purposes.
Here is another example of this:
"And Alma established a church in the land of Sidom, and consecrated priests and teachers in the land, to baptize unto the Lord whosoever were desirous to be baptized." -Alma 10:103 (LDS 15:13)
During this point in time, the Aaronic priesthood in Israel still existed. Yet, we can be sure that the duties of the Aaronic priesthood in the Old World did not include performing baptisms for the sake of the church of Christ.
We need to remember that from Aaron to Christ, the Aaronic priesthood existed in Israel, with the duties and rules outlined in the Old Testament. Yet, the Aaronic priesthood in the days of Alma, in the New World, existed at the same time as the Aaronic priesthood in the Old World, and the above verse is a clear indication of the two versions of the priesthood having different rules in operation at the same time, by design of God.
The priesthood of Israel operated directly under God. The priesthood of the Nephites operated under the direction of the Melchisedec priesthood.
This last fact is itself a change for another reason. There were no Melchisedec high priests or elders presiding over the Aaronic priesthood of Israel (in Israel). However, the Nephites (who were also Israelites) had such high priests, and they also had elders, and the priests and teachers were subordinate to them.
In other words, the Israelites living in Israel, between Moses and Christ, did not have the Melchisedec priesthood – but the Israelites who were also Nephites living in the New World did! Again, this proves that God may change things not only over time, but for different areas – having different rules for the same thing, as circumstances warrant.
Clearly God does, and has changed things over the ages. This should not really surprise us. It is important to remember that Christ established His church for the sake of mankind. Therefore, we should not be surprised to see God being willing to modify the church to better meet the needs of mankind.
Example 8: Church Iterations – Each is Different!
We tend to regard the church as having been first established in Palestine, directly by Jesus Christ (or at least, by the original twelve apostles under Christ's direction).
While Christ did establish the church in Palestine, it was not the first time that the church was established. Our Restoration scriptures reveal that prior iterations of the church existed.
As with the Aaroinc priesthood, there have been five iterations of the church, and they closely align to the five iterations of the Aaronic priesthood. Though, there are some differences.
They are as follows:
Church Iterations
The church and the Aaronic priesthood both existed in the Old Testament, but not at the same time. While it is true that the Melchisedec priesthood exited after Noah (the last such priesthood member being Moses), the church seems to have entered into a period of dormancy after the flood. So, by the time of Moses and his brother Aaron, and the establishment of the priesthood conferred upon the latter, the church seems to have been dormant, and therefore, while both the church and the Aaronic priesthood existed in the Old Testament, they did not exist at the same time.
The fact that the Aaronic priesthood did not exist during the first iteration of the church is significant. It is the only iteration of the church that lacked it. When the Aaronic priesthood was conferred upon all future iterations of the church, a change occurred.
The second iteration of the church came into existence quite sometime after the first iteration became dormant. The second iteration was established by God through his servant Alma, in the New World. We know this from what is recorded in the Book of Mormon, 9th chapter of Mosiah (RLDS 1908):
46 And again, Alma took another, and went forth a second time into the water, and baptized him according to the first, only he did not bury himself again in the water.
47 And after this manner he did baptize every one that went forth to the place of Mormon: and they were in number about two hundred and four souls;
48 Yea, and they were baptized in the waters of Mormon, and were filled with the grace of God:
49 And they were called the church of God, or the church of Christ, from that time forward. (LDS 18: 15-17)
The third iteration of the church was what we usually regard as the foundation of the church: Christ's work as recorded in the New Testament.
The fourth iteration takes us back to the Nephites. Here, in the Third Book of Nephi, Christ, after appearing to the Nephites, seems to re-establish the church amongst the Nephites. Its not quite as explicitly explained as previously, but it seems that the church had "broken up" prior to Christ's manifestation, resulting in the need for it to be organized once again.
Finally, we come to the fifth, and current iteration of the church, established, as always, by our Lord, but this time, through Joseph Smith Jr. This iteration is now over 180 years old, which is still comparatively young compared to the prior iterations.
What do we learn from all of this? Well, the key question that we need to ask is this: "Do we truly believe that these various iterations of the church were identical to each other?"
The answer is clearly "no". Let us consider again the various iterations that have existed:
1st – Established by the Lord through Adam (Old Testament church)
2nd – Established by the Lord through Alma (1st Nephite church)
3rd – Established directly by the Lord (New Testament church)
4th – Established directly by the Lord (2nd Nephite church)
5th – Established by the Lord through Joseph Smith Jr. (modern church)
As we consider these various iterations, it becomes clear that many distinctions exist. It is difficult to say just how many there are, but for the purposes of this discussion, we really don't need an exhaustive list. The following suffice:
1) The very purpose of the first iteration seems distinct from all others. It does not seem to have operated in the open, to publicly proclaim Christ. This logistically makes sense, as doing such prior to the birth of Christ on the same landmass on which he would eventually be born would likely be problematic.
So, what then was the purpose of the 1st iteration? We can speculate all we want, but it does not really matter. The key point here is that the latter iterations were more open and public about proclaiming Jesus Christ than the 1st iteration apparently was.
2) As noted above, the first iteration lacked an Aaronic priesthood. While some might argue that it may not have been needed in that very early era of human history, the fact remains, all future iterations are different from the first iteration of the church for at least this one reason. When the Aaronic priesthood was implemented in future iterations, that represented a transformation from the oldest example of the church.
3) The Aaronic priesthood as it existed in the 3rd and 4th iterations of the church, which for a time existed simultaneously, were not structurally the same. In the New Testament church, there were deacons, priests and bishops. It is not precisely clear if teachers were regarded as an actual office of priesthood.
In the 2nd Nephite church, there were priests, but no deacons, and no bishops. Also, there were indeed ordained teachers. So, different offices operating in the Aaronic priesthood, at the same time, depending in which part of the world you were.
4) According to the Doctrine & Covenants, bishops are properly part of the Aaronic priesthood, not the Melchisedec priesthood. Also, they are to be literal descendants of Aaron. However, as proving such heritage is problematic, the Lord has provided us, in our modern revelations, an escape clause: high priests can function in all other offices, therefore, a high priest can be ordained and serve in the office of bishop.
The key point here though is that bishops are of the Aaronic priesthood. Yet, when we review the New Testament, it seems clear that bishops were very senior members of the church, presiding just below the apostles. Why would members of the Aaronic priesthood be senior to high priests and elders?
Clearly, bishops were operating in the New Testament church with an authority and responsibility distinct from other iterations of the church. Clearly, they were called by God to serve as the needs of the people required at the time.
5) Looking at the priesthood as a whole, the New Testament seems to have had the following offices and roles:
apostles, bishops, deacons, elders, evangelists, high priests, pastors, priests, seventies & teachers (pastors, and possibly teachers, being roles vs. offices).
The Nephite church seems to have had the following offices:
Elders, priests & teachers (high priests seem absent from the 2nd Nephite church, which fact is itself a distinction from the 1st Nephite church).
An additional role is found in the existence of 12 elders set apart to provide something approximating apostolic ministry without being true apostles. This seems to have been a one shot arrangement.
When we compare the two versions of the priesthood (in iterations 3 and 4), including pastors and teachers, we see a total of 12 forms of ministerial leadership in the New Testament church, but only four (including the 12 apostolic elders) in the 2nd Nephite church.
6) When we look at the modern church, we continue to see evolutions:
a. Seven (and as many as ten) quorums of seventy instead of just one.
b. Prophets as an office of priesthood*
c. Presidents as an office of priesthood**
d. Patriarchs as an office of priesthood***
e. A First Presidency.
f. Apostles no longer form the senior administrate & spiritual body.
g. A presiding evangelist.
h. A new office, in the form of high councilor****
i. A Standing High Council
j. Bishops function as financial leaders instead of presiding over the church.
*While there have always been prophets, they were not previously an office of priesthood. This is therefore a new office that exists only in the modern church.
**Prior to the modern church, presidents, as an office of priesthood, did not exist. This is therefore a new priesthood office.
***There is no priesthood office of patriarch in ancient scripture. Patriarchs did exist in the Old Testament, but they were not an office of priesthood. Therefore, it is a new office of priesthood existing only in the modern church. It was also combined with the office of evangelist. There can be little doubt that Old Testament patriarchs and New Testament evangelists, if told that one day their roles would be merged into one office would have found that to be a rather strange change. I suspect many would deem it a very unlikely, implausible and awkward change.
****While the church does not tend to currently use the term high councilor, and inducts people to the standing high council via setting apart instead of ordination, it's status as an office is based on Doctrine and Covenants 129:7b (No LDS equivalent)
Example 9: Book of Commandments vs. The Doctrine & Covenants
This example is a little different, as it's not an example of God having said something in one century, and reversing or changing what he said in a subsequent century. But it is still relevant.
For those not familiar with the Book of Commandments, it was the first attempt by the early church in the 1800s to compile the various revelations that Joseph Smith Jr. received from God. Only a small number of copies were printed, and for various reasons, it was not re-printed. The next attempt to publish the revelations of God was the Book of Doctrine & Covenants, which various Latter Day Restoration denominations continue to use to this day (though different versions exist). For further information, check out this Wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Commandments
What is interesting is that a large number of the revelations published in the Book of Commandments were altered when they were published in the Book of Doctrine & Covenants. But of course, at the time that each was originally received, it was accepted as being an accurate representation of what God revealed to Joseph. Some of the changes are very minor (the use of a colon instead of a semi-colon, spelling corrections, other changes in punctuation, etc.) but in other cases, entire sentences are omitted, replaced, revised, etc., in some cases altering the meaning or limitations set forth by the original version.
Since the revelations came from God in the first place, the words, and meaning, purpose, etc. of any given message of course reflects something that was established by God. Since it is understood that the alterations are also of God, clearly God then revised what God Himself has previously established.
A key example and one of the more controversial changes is as follows:
From Book of Commandments chapter 4 verse 2:
"and he has a gift to translate the book, and I have commanded him that he shall pretend to no other gift, for I will grant him no other gift."
In context, "he" is Joseph Smith Jr., and the "book" is the Book of Mormon. Compare now with how this same revelation (Book of Commandments Chapter 4) is rendered in Section 5 verse 1d of the Doctrine & Covenants (LDS 4:4):
"And you have a gift to translate the plates, and this is the first gift that I bestowed upon you, and I have commanded that you should pretend to no other gift until my purpose is fulfilled in this; for I will grant unto you no other gift until it is finished." (LDS 4:4; RLDS 5:1d)
Example Ten: The Lord Revokes What He Has Commanded
In the Doctrine & Covenants, Section 56, it states the following in verse 2a: "wherefore I the Lord command and revoke, as it seemeth me good". This proves that God can change what He has established. Some might argue that this interpretation ignores the context, that prior verses point out that if God commands something, and someone fails to obey that commandment, God will, if He deems it appropriate, revoke that command. These facts are moot, as they do not change the fact that a change is still occurring. The reason is not relevant. A command is of course the same thing as a commandment. And as we know, God has rescinded commandments. Furthermore, the purpose of a command is to indicate an intention. If He commands a person, or His people to do something, it is because he wants them to do whatever he is commanding them to do, and there is an expectation that they will do so. If He revokes the command, then there is a change – while He might still prefer that they would follow the command, the fact that the command has been revoked means God no longer has an expectation that it will be – which is a change. God's expectations for the person commanded, or the people commanded, would change.
Interestingly, I've noticed on occasion when I've shared some of the above examples of God making changes, to various people that I've been talking to, the person that I'm conversing with will say something like "Well, that (the original situation) had to be the case back then in the Old Testament because of ABC, but it was changed in the New Testament because of XYZ…" or some such thing. It is of course helpful to understand why God made some of the changes that He did.
But, the reasons are, for the purposes of this discussion, not relevant (except in the sense that they prove my point). But I tend to get the impression that some people think that by explaining why God did something, somehow makes the change not a change. This is especially true with God's model of justice. In the Old Testament, he said "An eye for an eye", but in the New Testament, he said "You have heard it has been said…but I say to you…" – a friend of mine told me that the Old Testament model of justice was implemented because of how harsh the people were, and it was no doubt scaled back in the New Testament because God felt the people had progressed. All of which is fine, but the point is, God still established a particular thing, and later on, he changed it. The reasons are not relevant (to the point I'm making). The fact is, God changed His own model of justice, to suit His purposes.
As a bit of a tangent, it is interesting to note that most of the examples above are based on changes that are observable to us as readers only if we read Latter Day Restoration scriptures (the Inspired Version of the Bible, the Book of Doctrine & Covenants, and the Book of Mormon). People who belong to other Christian denominations only have the Bible. And not the Inspired Version of it. So, for many members of those denominations, it might indeed be very difficult to reconcile themselves with the concept of God making changes.
But, for those of us who do believe in the Restoration scriptures, we have the proof, we have additional principles and knowledge concerning God, which includes, upon careful review, that God has indeed made changes, from time to time, to that which God has previously established.
However, there are some examples that do work for all Christians. God's model of justice (Example 5) is perhaps the best one. Example 6 also works. But it only takes one. While I do feel it is helpful to list multiple examples, Example 5 is the only one we really need. Because it so clearly was attributed to God, and was then changed by God, and is entirely Biblically based, available in any Bible, it is an example available to all Christians that God can indeed make changes to that which God has Himself previously established.
Question 6: "Accepting that God can change things still requires us, with regard to same-sex marriage to accept that God would sanction something that He previously declared to be sinful. Is this what you are saying?"
Answer: Yes. When we think of the word "sin" we often think of "evil", "wicked", "immoral", etc. So, it is easy to understand why people would say that God cannot transform a sin into a non-sin, and often say "a sin is a sin". However, these are incorrect understandings of what a sin is (some deeds, which are sinful, are evil, etc., but those words do not define the word sin). Simply put, the actual meaning of sin is to do that which God has prohibited, or to fail to do that which God has commanded.
When God ended the Mosaic Law, everything that was previously sinful ceased to be so, since the people were no longer prohibited by divine law from doing certain things, nor were they commanded by divine law to do certain things (an exception, for both "do this" and "don't do that" are the Ten Commandments, which were specifically exempted from being withdrawn in Third Nephi). New commandments were given by Christ, which, along with the Ten Commandments, continue to guide us, but the vast majority of sins listed in the 613 commandments of the Mosaic law are no longer sins following that law's conclusion.
So, to suggest that God cannot de-classify a sin as a non-sin is counter-Christian.
The reluctance to acknowledge that God can make something previously regarded as sinful as no longer being sinful is not something that only some members of Community of Christ struggle with. I have chatted with members of the LDS church who often say "a sin is a sin". Again, this usually comes up when the topic in question is gay marriage.
Of course we know, based on the facts presented above, that any given sin is a sin until it is no longer regarded as such by God.
And I think the LDS church is being little hypocritical when they take the stance that something like gay marriage is a sin for ever and ever (which is the implication). First, yes, a sin is a sin. Nobody disputes that. But is only half of the truth. The other half is that a sin is only a sin if God so deems it, and God can make that which was a sin, or is a sin, no longer a sin. But secondly, the LDS church overlooks that they teach that some things can be sins on some occasions, but not on other occasions.
Shortly after the contents of Handbook One were published on the Internet in November 2015, Elder Todd Christofferson, an LDS apostle, who is a general authority of the church (which, if I understand correctly makes him a prophet in the church), said the following in the interview he gave Nov. 6th on Handbook 1:
"That was the Savior's pattern. He always was firm in what was right and wrong. He never excused or winked at sin. He never redefined it. He never changed His mind. It was what it was and is what it is "
However, I think the LDS church actually can, and based on their history, should, make a case that God can make a change. Later on in the same interview, he stated:
"this is a parallel with polygamy. Anyone coming out of a polygamous setting who wants to serve a mission, it has to be clear that they understand that it is wrong and it is sin and cannot be followed."
( https://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/handbook-changes-same-sex-marriages-elder-christofferson?HP_FR_11-6-2015_dPAD_fCNWS_xLIDyL1-A_ )
(if you watch the video of the interview, the remarks are at positions 3:10 and 7:35)
So, according to him, polygamy is a sin ("it is sin") And, according to him (see the first qutoe), anything that is sinful, cannot (or will not) be rendered by God to be un-sinful.
Yet, in the LDS church, polygamy is deemed a sin except when it is commanded by God. It was a sin in the time of Jacob, the brother of Nephi. It was sin in the Book of Ether. But then, in the 1800s, according to LDS teachings, God commanded it, and so it was no longer a sin. So, a sin became a non-sin. And then it became a sin again. I'm not sure if the LDS church believes there are other points in time when God commanded it. As far as I know, they teach that he has so far only commanded it once. Which means it was a sin for the bulk of human history, and only permitted for about 14 years. Sin, non-sin, back to sin. And if he has commanded it more than once, that just means there are multiple occasions when a sin has been made un-sinful, which reinforces my point.
So, I think that the LDS church *should*, based on their doctrine, theology, and history, *and* (as I understand it), their belief that one day polygamy will be re-instituted, that sin can indeed be made by God, non-sinful.
I've pointed this out to some LDS members, and on one occasion I was told in reply, that I was overlooking something, and that Elder Christofferson was not saying that polygamy is sinful (though that is actually what he did say), but rather, being in a polygamous relationship when not commanded by God is what is sinful – and this is what I was overlooking – the sin, with regard to polygamy (at least with regard to it's existence in the Latter Day Restoration movement) is not of polygamy itself, but engaging in polygamous marriages when God has not sanctioned it.
That would suggest to me that polygamy is therefore, never, in LDS thinking, a sin, and never has been, but that the sin is being polygamous when God has not commanded it.
There is of course a massive flaw here in this type of logic. What is really being said (and which can be applied to any sin) is that the sin is not the deed, or the action, or the failure to act, or whatever, but doing something that God has not commanded (or, to put it another way, doing something that god has forbidden).
Naturally, you could extend that logic to anything. I could say that theft is not the actual sin, but rather, stealing without God's consent is the sin. Or, to put it another way, the sin is disobeying God. If God were to tell us one day to steal, then we would not be sinning if we stole things. But if God then again told us not steal, we would be sinning if we did so.
And, to be clear, as we've seen above, technically, the meaning of the word sin is doing that which God has forbidden, or failing to do that which God has commanded. So, in a sense, the LDS church is not wrong to say that polygamy is not the real sin – but rather, being in polygamous relationships when God has prohibited them.
But although the meaning of sin is the failure to do what God has commanded, or doing that which God has prohibited, we normally do think of sin as specific behaviors. Under the Law of Moses, there were 613 commandments, or 613 ways (through action or inaction) to commit sin.
And, often, we think of sinful behaviors themselves as "sins" – not simply the disobedience of God. In Community of Christ we define sin as "the universal condition of separation and alienation from God and one another". This is, I feel, a very healthy way to look at sin.
But if we are talking about different types of behaviors, and asking "is X sinful, is Y a sin, is it a sin to Z", it would be far more normal (and I believe this is true for all Christians, including Mormons – at least, with regard to anything other than polygamy) to respond with "yes" or "no" and not with "well, the sin is actually doing X during a time when God has commanded us not to".
Just ask Elder Christofferson. If you were to ask him "is it a sin for a man to have sex with another man?" I suspect his answer would be "yes" – and there would be no conditions, or exemptions, etc. Just yes. If you asked him if assault was a sin, I'm quite sure he would again say "yes", as would be the case I'm sure with adultery, or various other things that are universally regarded by Christians all over the world as sinful.
I doubt very much (and his own words in the above quote seem to support this) that he would say "well sexual relations between two men is only sinful when God has not commanded it". In fact, he didn't even say that with regard to polygamy. He said that it is a sin. He, like most other people, was thinking of sin in terms of specific behaviors, not simply doing those things when God has not commanded them, he definitely seemed to speak in the context of "a sin is a sin":
"He never excused or winked at sin."
"He never redefined it."
"He never changed His mind."
"It was what it was and is what it is "
And although he was not the one, at least in the interview, to remind me that polygamy is not the real sin, but rather, practicing it when God has not commanded it, that does seem (as I've heard this actually from more than source) to be the actual position of the LDS church.
So, it would seem that, with regard to polygamy, God can indeed change his mind.
So that is where the hypocrisy comes in. Its ok to say that one thing (polygamy) can be a sin sometimes, but at other times its not as in – or to view the sin as not the behavior itself, but the disobedience to God, but for other things (everything else) as (if sinful to begin with) being forever sinful, and its not a question at all of God simply not commanding it in the moment.
Such a view of course also ignores the basic premise that if God can sanction polygamy, which, otherwise, is prohibited, God can also sanction gay marriage. Maybe it was prohibited in the past, but if God can sanction one thing that is prohibited, then he can sanction anything else that was prohibited.
And of course the other element of hypocrisy (and this is not limited to just members of the LDS church) is that, when understand what sin really is – the failure to do that which God has commanded, or doing that which God has prohibited, we have to accept, that when the Law of Moses was ended, many things which were sins, ceased to be sins.
So, yes, in a sense God did redefine things. And it could be argued that he changed his mind (though that is not what I'm advocating at all). It was a sin to eat pork. It no longer is. It was a sin to wear clothing of mixed fabrics. It no longer is. So, yes, when we are being honest with our selves, we have to accept that a sin is only a sin so long as God so views it, and that many things previously declared sinful in the Old Testament, under the Law of Moses, no longer are. After all, how many of us are following all 613 commandments of the Old Testament as found in the Law of Moses, avoiding everything it says to avoid, and doing everything it says to do?
Question 7: "But God said that it was an "abomination" for a man to lie with another man. Are you suggesting that God would sanction something that He declared was an abomination?"
Again, our modern way of using that word tends to distort it's actual meaning. We tend to understand "abomination" as something that is "disgusting" or "obscene". However, an abomination is simply a prohibition. Once we understand that, there is no longer a valid objection here. And we need to remember, that various things were described in the Mosaic Law as being abominations, such as eating certain types of food – but once the Law was ended, these things ceased to be abominations – as they ceased to be prohibitions.
Question 8: "But isn't a same-sex relationship immoral?
Answer: Not by virtue of being a same-sex relationship. If both partners are adults, consenting, committed, loving, respectful, etc., there is no valid reason to regard it as immoral. The only reasons why such a relationship would be immoral are the same reasons that a straight relationship would be considered immoral.
Question 9: "But in order for God to make a change, there should be a revelation indicating that He has done so. Is there such a revelation?"
Answer: Yes. Section 164 empowered the church to hold National Conferences in order to determine if same-sex marriage would be acceptable to the members of the church in a given nation in which the church is established.
Question 10: "But Section 164 does not directly state that God has sanctioned same-sex marriage. It only says that we can have National Conferences, and it puts the choice into the hands of the people. Therefore, how can you say that Section 164 indicates that God has sanctioned same-sex marriage?
Answer: It is important to remember that the Church regards Section 164 as a revelation from God. God is leaving it up to the people to decide if they are willing to accept same-sex marriage in a given nation. The revelation does not however, empower the people to decide for God if God has sanctioned same-sex marriage. Therefore, since God has given the people the means to decide if they will accept same-sex marriage in a particular nation, we know that God Himself (now) sanctions same-sex marriage, because if God did not, He would not empower the people to change church policy on this matter. Therefore, when Section 164 was first presented as Words of Counsel, we, God's people, knew that God now sanctioned same-sex marriage.
Question 11: "But why did God not provide us with a revelation that clearly states that He is now OK with same-sex marriage?"
Answer: Because of what had gone before. After Section 156 was canonized, the church fragmented. Mistakes, on all sides, were made. And the wounds that were created then are many, are numerous, and are still, in numerous cases, unhealed.
God did not wish to see His Church wound itself again. Consider what happened with the call to women to take their place in the priesthood. For a significant number of members attending World Confernce1984, and many more around the world, they were totally blindsided by Section 156. It is difficult, in a very short period of time, for people to accept something that they had always understood as being for men only. Things would have probably gone much better if they had had a great deal of time to wrestle with it, work through difficult questions, etc. How do you deal with the verses written by Paul that state that women should keep silent in the church? Today, people might have their own explanations for that – and yet – there are still large numbers of "Restorationists" who refuse to look at those verses in any way that would enable them to be OK with female ordination.
The church learned a great deal form the mistakes that it made. And God, in His wisdom, working in partnership with the president-prophet did not present a revelation to the church that said "same-sex marriage is now sanctioned" because, again, that might have caught the church so off guard that many may have left.
So, a different approach was taken. The authority to hold National Conferences was conferred. These would take time to request and organize, and would enable the church to enter a period of serious and prayerful study and discernment, considering all aspects of the questions in hand (support of same-sex marriage and the ordination of people in same-sex relationships).
While it is true that many church members had been wrestling with the rightness or wrongness of same-sex marriage for quite some time before National Conference, many people simply preferred to not talk about it, to avoid it, etc. But, National Conferences resulted in a deadline going into effect, and unlike in the past, the Church was also providing resources and discussion groups to help people consider all aspects of same-sex marriage. It became a church wide, and church promoted, discussion.
This gave people on both sides (and the undecided) time to collect their thoughts, share their views, engage in studies, etc. Some people who might have voted against a "I sanction same-sex marriage" revelation might, through the course of their person study, conclude that they could support it. Other people, who felt that it was still wrong, may have come to realize that did not need to leave the church – but a forced hasty decision at World Conference may have resulted in just that, had the revelation been similar to Section 156.
I very much believe that God worked through this whole process, and for the most part, it largely seems to have been successful. A lot of people who continue to oppose same-sex marriage to this day remained in the Church, because there wasn't a sudden, intense experience like at World Conference 1984, and I celebrate the fact that we have weathered this storm with much greater success than before.
Question 12: "But how do we know that Section 164 is a real revelation, and that God really does sanction same-sex marriage?
Answer: Considering that we have seen previously that God can change what God has previously established, and that there is no actual theological objection to something that was previously described as sinful or abominable no longer being so viewed by God now, there is no reason to doubt or question Section 164.
In addition, Section 164 was itself subjected to a time period of consideration. It was released prior to World Conference 2010 on January 17th of that same year. It was formally submitted for consideration on April 11th, and it was canonized on April 14th.
This gave the members of the entire church plenty of time to consider it, and to share their views with their mission center delegates. And, as always, each quorum, council, and order of the church presented assessments of the document, along with each World Conference caucus. Following the receiving of these reports, which itself followed the aforementioned three month consideration period, the delegates voted upon it, and approved it.
Through prayerful consideration and Common Consent, the church formally endorsed the 2010 "Words of Counsel", thus canonizing that document as Section 164, and therefore we can be assured, through virtue of this process, that it is indeed authentic.
Question 13: "God does not change things to suit the whims of the people. And this is what seems to be happening here. Secular society is OK with same-sex marriage, so now the church is following along with that. How do you respond to that?
Answer: Actually, God does sometimes adjust things according to the whims of the people. An example of this is divorce. In Deuteronomy 24:1-4 it states:
1 When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favor in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her; then let him
write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.
2 And when she is departed, out of his house, she may go and be another man's wife.
3 And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, which took
her to be his wife;
4 Her former husband which sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife…"
In context, this was a law of God given to the people through Moses. Therefore, it is God who has given people permission to divorce.
However, we know from the words of Christ that there was a time, before this law was given, that divorce was not permitted by God:
6 Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let no man put asunder.
7 They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?
8 He said unto them, Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts, suffered you to put away your wives; but from the beginning it was not so. –Matthew 19 6-8
Note the implication here. Christ reveals that in the beginning, divorce was not sanctioned. But, God eventually did sanction divorce (and we know that it was God that did so, because of the quote above from Deuteronomy) and Christ reveals that God did so because of the desires of the people – they wanted a means to end their marriages, and God gave them that means.
So, we do indeed see that sometimes God makes adjustments based on the desires of His children.
Furthermore, in the case of same-sex marriage, there is no reason to object to it on the basis of it being something that secular society now supports. The example of divorce is a negative thing. It is unfortunate when marriages do not work out. And people should try to resolve their differences. But sometimes, people prefer divorce, and even though that is negative, God permitted it.
But making marriage available to people who want to be married is a positive thing. It fosters and promotes love and commitment and therefore, there is no reason (beyond the theological, which we've already dealt with above) to object to something that society wants when what it wants is an affirming thing.
Question 14: "But are we not told that we are to be a peculiar people, standing apart form the world? If we follow along with the world regarding same-sex marriage are we not 'of the world' instead of just 'in the world'?"
All Christians are to be a peculiar people. This is not something unique to the people of the Latter Day Restoration movement. And being a peculiar people and a people in the world but not of the world, does not mean that we have to object to things that arise in secular society if those things are right – though I think sometimes we use this rationalization as an excuse to reject the things that we personally don't like.
But if we are being honest with ourselves, if there is nothing theologically wrong with something, as is the case with same-sex marriage (as we have seen above), then we ought not to hide behind the old familiar "But we are meant to be a peculiar people" and "we are meant to be in the world but not of the world" verses. If something is not immoral, and same-sex marriage isn't, there is no reason to object to same-sex marriage on the grounds that the secular world has accepted it. Just because the secular world accepts something, and may have done so before the Church does not automatically render that something, whatever it might be, wrong. And we need to stop using this kind of rallying cry to try to resist accepting changes that we just personally want to be wrong.
Question 15: "Should we not be honoring the labor and sacrifices of all the church men and women who came before us?"
Answer: This is an odd objection to church changes. I've encountered it more than once. The idea is, that somehow, if we accept the various changes made in the church over the years, we have somehow abandoned or betrayed or forgotten or ignored, etc., the various prior leaders and members of the church who gave so much to the church in their day.
I *think* the rationalization is this…all the changes we have made to the church have caused (from a certain point of view), the church to be unrecognizable to those who came before (i.e., if they were alive today, or came back to the world, or looked down from Heaven, they would not recognize the church as being the same church that existed when they walked the Earth – and of course, since those people who have this view don't support the changes made to the church, they consider the fact that the prior generations of the church would not recognize it today to be a negative thing – this is not a "and thank goodness scenario", but a "to our shame" scenario).
I definitely *do* think that we should honor the labors and sacrifices of those who went before us. I don't want to ever see Kirtland Temple, or the Auditorium, or the Independence Temple sold, because I want to honor the men and women, who worked together to build those buildings. Likewise, I don't want to see the Chapel at Camp Norotno where I've attended numerous reunions and youth camps to be torn down, or the camp itself sold off. Many great members of the church, both men and women, worked tirelessly for years, sacrificing much, to build those amazing camp grounds and the buildings on it. So, yes, I do wish to honor them, and the work and sacrifices they made.
But making changes to the church does not dishonor them. And the claim that the church would be unrecognizable today to those who came before us is of course a personal opinion. And, even if such a view is correct that does not make the church wrong or somehow an act of betrayal to our prior members, if the changes made are reflective of the mind and will of God, which with regard to same-sex marriage, open communion, female ordination, acceptance of other baptisms, etc., is indeed the case. See also the next question.
Question 16: "The church is not the same church as when I was a child or joined. Does that not mean that the church has lost its way?"
Answer: This question is similar to Question 15. The answer is no. I tend to think that everyone wants the church to be just as it was when they were children. I also tend to think that every generation has seen the church change in their own lifetime. The church has never remained static. It has always changed.
Question 17: The LDS church continues to grow in size, converting large numbers of people every year. They do not change their policies and positions, so does this not prove that we would also be stronger, etc., if we also did not change?
Answer: No. The LDS membership numbers are misleading. Yes, they do convert people, but a large number of their new converts don't "stick" and they are also losing members each year – many of whom are joining Community of Christ.
Question 18: Attendance and conversions all over the world is way down, and has been for many years. Does that not prove that the church is off track with all the changes that have taken place over the last several years?
Answer: No. It is a simple fact that the issues being faced by Community of Christ are being faced by Christian denominations everywhere.
As we wrestle with important issues of doctrine, theology, policies, positions, etc., we need to strive to ensure that if we are objecting to something, like gay marriage, or female ordination etc., that our reasons for doing so are honest and truly reflective of the mind and will of God, and not simply because we want things to be a certain way.
If we claim that God objects to gay marriage, or female ordination, or the Temple being built across the street, or whatever, we need to ask ourselves, "Does God truly object, or is it the case that we simply want these things to be wrong?" Do we want, do we desire God to want them to be wrong? Those are questions that we honestly need to ask ourselves. If God Himself were to say to us "I have no objections to gay marriage" would there be a part of us that would be disappointed? And this is not one of those questions where an honest response might be "Well I know God would never have that position" – that is not an honest response (even if it were to turn out to be the case that God does object to gay marriage) because it is avoiding the point, or intent, of the question.
This is hypothetical. If God Himself were to say to us that He does not have any objection to gay marriage, or another change that we might struggle with, and it was not a trick, or a test, or a deception, etc., but God's true, honest stance, and we knew all this to be so, would we be disappointed? Do we want gay marriage, or female ordination, or whatever, to be wrong? And if that is the case, I think we need to seriously explore why that is the case. When I gradually came to understand, and accept, that God no longer objected to gay marriage, do you know what I felt? Among other things, a bit of resentment.
Why? Because I had objected to gay marriage for a long time, and was convinced for a long time that God also objected to gay marriage. So, when I came to understand and accept that God didn't object to it, part of me felt resentful of the fact that I now had to admit to myself – and to others – that I was wrong. And that was perhaps the hardest part. I don't enjoy being wrong, and nobody does. And I don't like admitting that I'm wrong, and sadly, that is true for many of us. But, not wanting to admit that I'm wrong is not something I'm proud of. That is an aspect of my personality that I think is best to overcome. I consider it a character flaw. So, I need to overcome that, and not let my own preferences, or distaste for being wrong and admitting such, etc., not actually be a barrier to me accepting the changes that God has brought about in His Church.
Some years ago, for some other purpose, I was trying to get an understanding of what made Jesus angry, or even if he did become angry. I can't really remember why. But, this is what I discovered. Yes, Jesus did become angry. And, there are multiple examples of him becoming angry in the scriptures. But here is the part that I found incredibly significant and profound. It was always over the same thing. Oh, the circumstances or situation changed from incident to incident. He was angry how people treated each other. He was angry about the market set up in the temple etc. But, in each case, the thing that he was actually angered by, was this: hypocrisy. That, so far as I could find, was the only thing that ever made Christ angry.
And that is a very important lesson for us. When we object to church changes, we need to ensure that our reasons are not simply because we don't like the changes, etc. We need to be honest with ourselves. Because, if we are not, then, we are being hypocritical and putting our own positions, our own comfort level, our own desire to never see things change, to keep the church just as it was in our youth, etc., ahead of our discipleship. When we do that, we fail to maximize our potential as disciples of our Lord, Savior and Redeemer, Jesus the Christ.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Posted by Tony Nguyen on October 12th, 2018
Posted in: Citizen Science, Continuing Education
Title: Help Us Combat the World's Most Dangerous Animal with an App!
Guest Speaker: Dorian Janney, GLOBE Mission Mosquito Campaign Coordinator and Lead for NASA Satellite Collaborations, GFSC/NASA/ADNET
Date: Wednesday, November 14, 2018
Time: 10am CT / 9am MT
Description: Mosquitoes are the world's most dangerous animal, and there is something we can all do to reduce the threat of mosquito-transmitted disease in our communities. Join us to find out why mosquitoes are so dangerous and to learn how NASA Earth-observing satellite data is being used in an effort to predict, monitor, and respond to vector-borne disease around the world.
In this presentation, participants will be introduced to a Citizen Science effort and the newest GLOBE field measurement campaign, GLOBE Mission Mosquito! This program connects with citizen scientists of all ages to monitor changes in the frequency, range, and distribution of potential disease vector mosquitoes by reporting observations using the GLOBE Observer Mosquito Habitat Mapper app. Participants are encouraged to download the free app here before the webinar.
Speaker Bio: Dorian Janney works at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. She is the Education and Outreach Specialist for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission as well as the GLOBE Mission Mosquito Campaign Coordinator and Lead for NASA Satellite Collaborations. She is a GLOBE Program Master Trainer, and enjoys going outside with people of all ages to assist them in learning more about this fantastic planet we all live on! She was a classroom teacher for over thirty years, and served as the head of the science department at a middle school which focused on Aerospace Technology and Astronomy. Feel free to contact her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
For more information: https://nnlm.gov/scr/professional-development/connections. No registration is required for this class.
To Join the Meeting
For live captioning, please use http://livewrite-ncc.appspot.com/attend?event=cit001
For any technical issues, please call: 817-735-2223.


text:
Forza Horizon has turned out to be one of the best racing franchises in gaming today, with its stunning looks, immersive worlds, and addictive gameplay. The series is back again with Forza Horizon 3 and it's taking players to a place they've yet to drive to.
Australia will be where Forza Horizon 3 takes place, and Playground Games went to great lengths to ensure accuracy and authenticity were embedded into its game world. This game will showcase some of the largest gameplay environments to date in the Forza Horizon series.
To help capture the type of authenticity that Playground Games wanted in Forza Horizon 3, some members of the studio made several trips to Australia. Ralph Fulton, who is the creative director at Playground Games, talked about how they sent folks down under to bring back data and information showcasing life there.
"They drove the roads, filming in HD everywhere they went, and they stopped to photograph everything we'd need to build the game: road surfaces, buildings, fences, trees, rocks, everything. We use a cutting-edge technique called 'photogrammetry', which allows us to turn hi-def photos of objects into game-ready 3D models, and that's how the rocks and tree trunks, among other things, look so realistic in our game," Fulton told Redbull.
Playground Games went to great lengths to capture true Australian data, instead of relying on Google Earth to feed them details. From the snippets of gameplay we've seen so far, it's easy to see how the filled world of Forza Horizon 3 fits within what you would expect from Australia.
An element that was immediately striking when I first saw Forza Horizon 3 at E3 2016 was how real the game's skies were. Gamers who are patient enough and wait for the cycles to pass through can see each day move from the morning to the nighttime. Fulton talked about how they created the skies of Australia.
"We also created an entirely new technique for capturing authentic Australian skies, using a custom-built 12K HDR camera rig, and we camped for the entire summer in a field capturing everything the sky did during that time. These images were brought back to the studio and fed through a custom process that streams the data into our system, producing the most dynamic, evolving skyscapes ever seen in a game.
"We have video screens in our studio which, throughout development, constantly played the videos we recorded driving all over Australia. That way, even the members of the team who weren't able to visit Australia felt completely immersed in the world we were building," Fulton said.
Forza Horizon 3 will debut this coming Sept. 27, and it will be the first time we've seen the series since 2014's Forza Horizon 2. The game will be available on Xbox One and Windows 10.
- Assassin's Creed Origins – My Last Game Review - November 16, 2017
- South Park: The Fractured But Whole is an Experience Gaming Needs More Of - October 23, 2017
- Sledgehammer Games Calls PS4 Pro & Xbox One X 'Truly Incredible' - October 9, 2017
- Armored Division is The Support Class in Call of Duty: WWII - October 9, 2017
- Rockstar Games Reveals New Red Dead Redemption 2 Trailer - September 28, 2017
- Discover History With Assassin's Creed Origins New Mode - September 28, 2017
- Ghost Recon Wildlands' PvP Mode 'Ghost War' Release Date Revealed - September 27, 2017
- Ubisoft Confirms South Park: The Fractured But Whole is Now Golden - September 25, 2017
- I.W. Harper Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey is Phenomenal - September 16, 2017
- Taking A Deep Dive Into The Fractured But Whole, South Park Style - September 15, 2017


text:
You could win $1,300 worth of premier house cleaning services, using 100% natural cleaning products made with organic ingredients and a gift basket of $200 worth of Aspen Clean products. Certified by Ecocert, rated straight A's by the EWG.
Book your service and order your products online at cleaningproductsca.aspenclean.com or visit any of the participating retailers. Cleaning services are only available within service areas.
For more information, visit cleaningproductsca.aspenclean.com.
Enter your ballot at the 680 NEWS booth #1008 during the Green Living Show (April 6 - 8) for a chance to win!
No purchase necessary. Contest closes at 11:59 p.m. ET on Sunday, April 8th, 2018. Enter your ballot for a chance to win Aspen Clean house cleaning services and a Complete Home Kit, including: four cleaners combined with color-coded microfiber cloths, kitchen spray & microfiber kitchen cloth, bathroom spray & microfiber bathroom cloth, glass spray & microfiber glass cloth, all purpose spray & microfiber all purpose cloth, dish soap, and super scrub powder. Approximate retail value is $1,500.00CDN. Odds of winning depend on number of eligible entries received. Must correctly answer a mathematical skill-testing question to win. Contest open to residents of Ontario within the terrestrial broadcast radius of 680 NEWS who are 18 or over.680 NEWS Contest Rules.


text:
The most well-liked and existing type of communication these times is mobile telephones. You can location voice phone calls, but you can also send email, texts and surf the net. Hold reading through for a amount of beneficial suggestions you can make use of with your own mobile cellphone.
Do not be so rapid to acquire new phones as they are introduced. It truly is not often really worth it. Newly unveiled cell telephones typically have only small adjustments and updates. Wait a few of weeks and check out out what other men and women think about their buy just before you make a option to purchase 1. Frequently, the upgrade is pointless.
If you pick to phone info from your mobile cellphone, know that you don't require to pay out the exorbitant fees that are related with that. Use this variety alternatively: 1-800-411-Cost-free Soon after an advertisement, you can then entry normal details services.
Bear in mind that cell telephones tend to lose velocity as they get more mature. It is a fact that receiving updates for your application can support the mobile phone not be out of date. The problem is that more recent telephones ultimately occur out with much more powerful updates. In a few years, upgrades can become too significantly for more mature phones to handle.
Be cautious of extended warranties. This just provides added costs and nothing more. If you get a faulty mobile telephone, it is usually apparent during the very first year in which the manufacturer's guarantee is still legitimate. Moreover, most people replace their cellphone each and every calendar year, generating an prolonged guarantee that much more worthless.
Your smartphone is sure to run more little by little as it ages. As a result, you could have difficulty updating your programs or even your running system. Most frequently, you will have to make a decision. You can improve to a more recent phone or refuse any updates.
The information presented here need to provide you with a lot aid. Cell phones will not be heading everywhere any time shortly. It truly is important that you discover how to very best use yours. This information can support you get in advance of the curve.


text:
Konnect i1 – All the data in the world, wherever you go.
Konnect offers affordable, local data rates, worldwide 4G LTE service, and private and secure connections for up to 5 simultaneous connections. Its long-lasting battery will last up to 15 hours before needing a charge.
Just purchase your data through the Konnect app, connect your Wi-Fi capable device to the i1, and you're online with 4G LTE data speeds – it's that simple.


text:
What Are the Trees Trying to Tell Me?
Free Advice from Angel Intuitive, Eileen Smith
Question: Good day, My question is about trees. Although I feel a strong connection with all trees and nature, there are certain trees on my property that have a unique energy and I feel very strongly 'pulled' towards. Even though I have a number of the same kind of tree, there always seems to be one in particular that 'speaks' to me. What do you think about this?
I often wonder what the trees are trying to tell me. What are your thoughts/feelings on this subject? Thank you for your blog Eileen, I enjoy it and resonate with you and your readers. Love and light to all, Rhonda
Click here or on the picture to read Eileen's answer to Rhonda, on how trees want so very much to form a connection with us and why, bought to you by the trees themselves…
Click here to register for the Communicating with Trees Tele-Class, by phone and online in August.
Posted on August 18, 2011, in "Ask an Angel" Column Archives, Ask An Angel Intuitive. Bookmark the permalink. 1 Comment.