text: Herewith a letter from Ron Thompson to SCI , and cc to DSC , WSF , CIC , USFW and others . A very intersting read ! Make up your own mind ...... 03 November 2018 International Support for The Captive Breeding of Lions Industry in South Africa A Plea for Common Sense and a Proposal Primarily addressed to Safari Club International (SCI) but applicable also and copied to: the Dallas Safari Club (DSC); the Wild Sheep Foundation (WSF); the US Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS); The International Wildlife Conservation Council (US Department of the Interior)(IWCC); the Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU (FACE); and the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC). To Rick Parsons CEO-SCI Dear Mr Parsons, Your letter to the Professional Hunters Association of South Africa (PHASA), on the subject of the Captive Breeding of Lions Industry (CBL) in South Africa, dated 6thAugust 2018, has just been copied to me. I wish to make comment on this correspondence, so I draw your attention to the fact that I was given the honour of being awarded the prestigious Safari Club International Conservation Trophy in 1992, in recognition of my contribution to hunting, to wildlife and to wildlife management, as outlined in my book THE WILDLIFE GAME (1992). So, I guess, SCI at one time, thought my opinions were worthy of note. I hope, therefore, that you will now give my opinions on the subject of the Captive Breeding of Lions Industry in South Africa due recognition. Be assured: This email was compiled and despatched only after a great deal of emotional soul-searching! 1 At nearly 80 years of age, I am still 'at it' and three years ago I was responsible for creating an NGO called The True Green Alliance (TGA). The TGA is registered in South Africa as both a Non-Profit Organisation and a Public Benefit Organisation. In the face of a growing anti-hunting and anti-sustainable-use-of-wildlife opposition throughout the world, the TGA has tasked itself with combating this menace in every way possible. Our vision statement is: To create a southern African (ultimately global) society that is properly informed about the principles and practices of wildlife management; that understands the wisdom of, and necessity for, the practice of sustainable utilisation of living resources (both wild and domestic) for the benefit of mankind; that supports animal welfare; and that rejects animal rights - the doctrine of which seeks to abolish all animal uses by man. The TGA's mission includes correcting published material that counteracts theobjectives of our vision; and SCI's intervention against the CBL industry is perceived to be one such example. The TGA, therefore, wishes, here, to discuss this intervention with you. I was truly astounded when PHASA was split asunder over the existence of the CBL Industry - largely because I knew so little about CBL. Nevertheless, the newly formed professional hunting group, The Custodians for Professional Hunting and Conservation in South Africa (CPHC-SA) - which I hereafter call 'the custodians' - insisted that the TGA should condemn CBL. My response to the custodians was: On what grounds should the TGA denounce CBL?Various members of the residual PHASA - and other hunters in South Africa - on the other hand, recommended that the TGA should condone CBL. My response to these hunters was exactly the same: On what grounds should the TGA condone CBL? The TGA truly had so little knowledge about the CBL Industry at that time that we had no grounds at all upon which to judge it. All I was able find on this subject was a plethora of animal rights propaganda (which declared its intention to abolish ALL hunting) and media reports (which are the journalists' personal preference interpretations of animal rights propaganda). Neither was of any use to me. Consequently, TGA Director Elma Britz and I, throughout the month of June 2018, undertook an objective and in-depth survey of the CBL Industry in South Africa. We did not inspect every facility - which would have taken the better part of three or four months - but we were introduced to a good cross-section of its every facet. And we had a whole month to discuss with the keynote leaders and hands-on practitioners, how the 2 industry operated. I am quite confident, therefore, that we developed, during that month, a fine understanding about what the CBL Industry was all about. I have to add here that I have extensive knowledge (practical and academic) about Africa, its rural people, and its wildlife management practices: (1) Having spent some 30 years of my adult life in the service of Africa's national parks and wildlife management government departments (including being the Provincial Game Warden-in-charge ofZimbabwe's Hwange National Park; and Director of the Bophuthatswana National Park's Board in South Africa); (2) Having spent another c. 30 years as an investigative hunting and wildlife management journalist; (3) Having written 15 books on the subjects of wildlife management and big game hunting - including five wildlife management text books (two of which are still in use in South Africa's tertiary education institutions); (4)Having acquired a university qualification in Field Ecology (passed with distinction), and having been a Member of the British Institute of Biology and a Chartered Biologist for the European Union for some 20 years; and (5) Having acquired more free-range andfair-chase big game hunting experience than, perhaps, any man alive today (in which tally I include many stock-killing lion hunts; and the killing of six man-eating lions). It was against this back-ground that I objectively measured what Elma and I saw, learned and experienced during our CBL inspection. My full report is attached to this email for your elucidation. Elma and I went into this exercise with completely open minds. We were just as much prepared to condemn CBL as we were prepared to condone it - depending on what we discovered. And those were our choices. We did not go into this undertaking with any preferential considerations towards the hunting of captive-bred lions vis-a-vis the hunting of wild lions. In the end we found no reason for condemning the CBL Industry. Did we find 'nothing wrong' with the industry? Not at all! We found a great deal whichwe believed could be improved upon but it was not our role to tell the lion farmers how they should conduct their business. We, as TGA officials, were/are not experienced lion farmers; and the lion farmers know best about all those things which they do with captive-bred lions. But everyone in the industry was conducive to listening to our constructive criticism. We spoke to them about many things: about what we considered to be good practice and what we considered to be bad practice; and about what we considered would be improvements. The industry leaders have taken all these considerations to heart; and they are conducting consequent reviews. And we remain in constructive dialogue. Our final recommendation was that the South African government should nurture the CBL Industry and guide it through its final incubation. As happens with many such embryonic industries mistakes were made during the CBL's maturation - but they can 3 be, and are being, rectified. Nothing, however, happens overnight and, in this case - as with all others - it will take time to make things perfect. It is easy to destroy something that seems (at first glance) to be bad - and which you are persuaded to consider asbeing very bad - but it takes courage, effort and considerable intellect to develop'something good' out of an imperfect salmagundi. Rather than simply condemning the CBL industry - because of adverse (and often untrue) publicity - the TGA elected to help make the CBL industry 'better'. The TGA evaluated that the CBL industry has great potential for transformation in Africa - not so much in the field of hunting but with particular regard to the lion-bone-trade.And, at the TGA's instigation, the South African Predator Association (SAPA) has already set the wheels in motion to set up the first rural African-owned lion-breeding facility in the country's Limpopo Province; and the TGA is keeping tabs on its development. Another conclusion we came to - with regard to the hunting of captive-bred lions - was that we believe SCI (AND the DSC; the WSF; the CIC; the US F&WS; IWCC; FACE; and others) should rethink whatever their opposition to CBL might be. I have explained myself, in this regard, in the attached report (SEARCHING FOR THE TRUTH). However, there are many things that were said in your letter, and other things that I read about on the internet with regard to SCI's negative attitude towards CBL, that don't sit well with me. SCI, it seems, has complied meekly and obediently with the animalrightists' opposition to CBL, to the lion bone trade, and to the hunting of captive-bred lions, when we should ALL have been vigorously opposing the animal rights propaganda (and sorting out our differences behind closed doors). Instead we openly washed our dirty linen in full public view! And THAT disappoints me. I have to add that much of the public opposition to CBL has come from the custodians who have (now) stated that they refuse to hunt captive-bred lions because, they say, it is unethical. And they have openly (and arrogantly in my opinion) claimed that they arethe only professional hunters in South Africa who hunt 'ethically'. Indeed, I believe it was the custodians who persuaded SCI, DSC, the WSF, the CIC, the US F&WS - and others - to condemn the CBL Industry! And the custodians did an infinitely better job of smearing the CBL than did any of the animal rights groups! NB: The TGA believes that 'ethics' is a very private issue. It is something that exists between a person and his own conscience.It concerns an individual's personal preferences. It is what ahunter does when he is hunting alone. 'Ethics' cannot beequated with a written list of the norms and standards thatregulate the behaviour of people in a group. So, 'ethical hunting'is not really the right terminology to describe this elusive social 4 value. Nevertheless, I do get the Custodians point as, I am sure, most readers will do, too! They believe that no hunter worth his salt will shoot an animal - any animal - that has been 'specifically bred to be hunted'. And I have empathy with that attitude. Noneof the animals I have ever hunted were 'bred to be hunted'; and I,myself, would never hunt a captive-bred lion. But that dictum is only valid IF it is applied evenly across the board (which is not even vaguely happening)! I was told emphatically (by a custodian who was trying to convince me with regard to his point of view) that captive-bred lion hunting cannot be carriedout except under 'put-and-take' hunting conditions - and that it was with regard to THAT aspect of captive-bred lion hunting that the custodians particularly objected. When I later discussed this with another custodian, however, he said that that was not true. He told me the custodians were against ALL forms of captive-bred lion hunting. So it seems the custodian organisation has not yet reached consensus on this aspect of the issue. The custodians state, simply, that it is 'unethical' to hunt captive-bred lions. But many of them are quite happy to hunt captive-bred, put-and-take, black and white rhinos which are, in my opinion, hunted under truly VERY "UN-freerange" conditions. I have also been told, very confidentially but on good authority, that some custodians are secretly financing the hunting of a whole range of put-and-take game species that have been specifically bred to be hunted. Yet the purest of them continue to condemn put-and-take hunting under ANY guise. I have sympathy for this custodian stance, however, because many of these animals are hunted in South Africa (AND in the United States; South America; the United Kingdom; Europe and Asia) under what can only be described as very unsportsman-like conditions. I, personally, would never partake in such hunting because it offends my own personal-preference hunting beliefs (i.e. my own personal hunting 'ethics'). However, word is repeatedly being fed back to me that many custodians are clandestinely financing anything and everything that is 'huntable' in southern Africa - including all kinds of put-and-take hunting (even captive-bred lion hunting) - because, 'they HAVE to make a living somehow!' (NOTE: This information was not solicited by the TGA.) 5 Nevertheless, having adopted the 'holier-than-thou' high ground, I have asked the custodians if they would answer some very pointed questions from me. I did so because the general public in South Africa has been asking me questions about the custodians that I have been unable to answer (because my information is incomplete). To date my request has been ignored. So, at the risk of further custodian-rebukes, it seems I am going to have to (again) draw my own conclusions from the information that is being fed back to me from other quarters. It would seem that the custodians imply that only when an animal is hunted under totally'free-range' and totally 'fair-chase' conditions can its hunting be considered 'ethical'; andthat 'put-and-take hunting', under any guise, is 'unethical'. NB: I am told that: 'put-and-take hunting' occurs when an animal is captive- bred for hunting purposes inside a fenced enclosure; and when it is then released onto an extensive game ranch 'fenced camp' to be shot by a hunter. In their various 'personal preference' arguments - on both sides of the fence - nobody makes much mention of the fact that the South African wildlife culture developed as a commercial enterprise; and that it's over 10 000 game ranches are ALL enclosed by'adequately fenced enclosures'. Every single animal that is shot by a hunter on any of these game ranches is, therefore - technically - a put-and-take animal. Breeding stock (as well as huntable stock) are bought and sold on public auctions every month of the year; AND the progeny of the breeding stock are very carefully reared to adulthood purely for hunting purposes. In reality, therefore, ALL game animals on commercial game ranches in southern Africa are 'captive bred'; and they are all, after a fashion,'put-and-take' quarry! According to their dictum, the custodians should, therefore, oppose all hunting on South African game ranches. But they don't. They dare not do that because, if they did, they would be out of a livelihood. They also shoot game animals (including, apparently, exotics) that have been especially procured and introduced, a long time ago, onto game ranches for hunting purposes. Many species now occur on game ranches, therefore, that are way outside their natural ranges. Technically, that makes those animals no longer endemic! The nyala, which appears all over the country now - because it commands such a good price from international hunters - is a good example. Surely, if we are to be truly 'ethical' in ourhunting pursuits, these out-of-their-natural-range animals should NOT ever be hunted. But they are! Let's have a look at one extreme that has recently been brought to my attention. I am told that captive-bred sable antelope bulls are periodically immobilised as they start reaching maturity, and their horn-lengths are methodically recorded. And it is not only 6 with sable bulls that this procedure happens: it happens with buffalo, kudu, waterbuck, and nyala; and a whole range of other species, too. Eventually, each of the bigger-horned animals are advertised (individually) and sold (individually - because of their exceptional horn lengths) on the international hunting market: and they are snapped up by overseas hunters. I have been told (by, among other people, a custodian) that when a hunter, who has pre-purchased one of these very big bulls, arrives in South Africa he has the option of accepting the ranch owner'sassurance that the animal he sees in front of him is the particular one that he has purchased by prior agreement; or he can ask that the animal be darted again so that he can confirm the animal's giant trophy-size. Thereafter, the hunter 'hunts' the said animal when it has recovered from the drug. When I heard this, I despaired for hunting and for hunters! Where, in all this procedure,does 'fair-chase' exist? The custodians say this state of affairs is 'unethical'; and that it is 'unsporting' to shoot such an animal. The conditions surrounding the supply and the acquisition of such a trophy, they say, are not in terms of what they consider to be 'the essence of hunting'. Hence they disapprove of put-and-take hunting. And, in my heart of hearts, I must agree with them. Against this background, however, I have to point out that when I began my hunting career in Africa - during the 1950s - nobody had heard of a 'game fence'. At that time, ALL game, EVERYWHERE, lived under completely 'free-range' conditions and theirhunting was ALL 'fair-chase'. In the early 1960s, Thane Rhiney, Archie Mossman and Ray Dazman - all of whom were American Fulbright scholars - surrounded Doddieburn Ranch south of Bulawayo in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) with a game-proof fence; and thus began Africa's firstsuccessful game ranch. At the time I was shocked. I couldn't bring myself to accept that anybody could WANT to hunt a wild animal inside a game fenced enclosure - no matter how big that enclosure might be. But times have changed. In South Africa, today, ALL the country's 10 000+ game ranches are ringed by game proof fences; and very few animals are now hunted outside the game ranches. Fully 'free-range' animals are almost now a thing of the past; and everybody shoots what are, essentially, 'captive-bred' and 'put-and-take'specimens. I am happy to say, however, that - due to the evasive action these animals have learned to take when approached by a hunter on foot - there is still a great deal of'fair-chase' involved in their hunting. 7 And who am I to gainsay what every other hunter in South Africa now considers to be'acceptable' and 'the norm'? A great deal has changed since my own early hunting days. Game ranch managementhas evolved over time; and it is still changing. What used to be considered 'unethical' is now accepted as 'the norm'. Our hunting practices have had to move with the times, too. All this applies to developments in the CBL industry, too. Legal practicalities have dictated that wildlife in South Africa can only be 'owned' by the land-owner if it is contained inside an 'adequately fenced enclosure'; and it can only be hunted within that 'adequately fenced enclosure', too. Practicalities have dictated that'put-and-take' hunting should be acceptable to hunters; and that breeding game specifically for the hunting market should also be acceptable. And, within this general milieu I cannot, for the life of me understand why captive-bred lions - bred specifically for hunting - cannot be included in this mix? As much as I hate the idea of anyone hunting a 'put-and-take' sable under theconditions I have outlined above, there is a very lucrative market for these special animals. And who gives me - or the SCI, or the DSC, or the WSF, or the CIC or anybody else - the right to deny South Africa's game ranchers the opportunity to selltheir very expensive wildlife commodities into the hunting market? South Africa and Namibia are the only two places on earth where black rhinos can be hunted in this day and age. I have no objection to black rhino bulls being hunted! The criteria for hunting a black rhino in South Africa, however, is that the selected animal must be known - it must be listed on South African data books and be identifiable by its DNA and its microchip number. Government must agree that that particular rhino can be hunted. The animal is advertised and sold to a hunter, and the hunter comes to South Africa to hunt that particular animal. Before it is shot, however - by government decree - the rhino MUST BE re-darted, its micro-chip number MUST BE re-checked and its DNA MUST BE re-confirmed. Only then may the animal be hunted. THIS is not my idea of hunting. But, I am told, all these pre-checks happen much as I have here described. And I am told all the custodians scramble for such opportunities to hunt a black rhino bull. AND they all still hunt white rhino bulls. BOTH rhino species, however, represent the most extreme examples of captive-bred and put-and-take hunting. So, when is captive-bred and put-and-take hunting acceptable and when is it not? When I hear stories like this I truly despair for the future of 'fair-chase' hunting. In America, year round, a whole host of indigenous-to-America, AND exotic wild animals, too, are captive-bred for hunting: White-tailed Deer; Axis Deer; Sika Deer; Blackbuck Antelope; Addax; Fallow Deer; Barbary Sheep; Elk; Gemsbuck; Bison; Big- horned Wild Sheep; and a whole lot more. In New Zealand Red Deer are specifically 8 bred, their trophy sizes measured annually, and for identity reasons they are visibly tagged, for hunting. And I have been told (by an Argentinian hunter) that, in Argentina, ONLY captive-bred cougars may be hunted - so as to save the country's wild cougarsfrom extinction. So why is it that South Africa's captive-bred lions should not be hunted also? All over the world Chinese pheasants, Bobwhite, Chukar and other red-legged partridges are captive-bred for hunting. The ultimate situation in this regard, is that 50 million Chinese captive-bred pheasants and 10 million captive-bred European red- legged partridges (both exotics in the U.K.) are released into the British countryside every year, for the U.K.'s 500 000 shotgun enthusiasts (including the British royal family) to hunt. Why must CBL in South Africa, therefore, be singled-out for a different treatment? All over the world many species of fish - trout, black bass, tilapia and many other species - are bred in captivity by their millions, and released into rivers and dams for theworld's angling fraternity to catch. And, ultimately, very large breeding stock fish (past their breeding prime) are released into rivers and dams from the hatcheries, too, and they are thus made available to anglers for a very high price. This is all done for one thing: to provide the human hunting, shooting and fishing fraternity of the world with terrestrial quarry to hunt; with high-flying birds to shoot; and with edible fish to catch on a hook. Whether you agree with any of this or not, doesn'tmatter. It happens. And it happens all over the world all the time. So what makes the captive-bred lion industry in South Africa different? There are 7000 to 8000 lions presently living in the CBL Industry in South Africa. They are all very carefully contained in secure enclosures. Their camps (or paddocks) are relatively large and comfortable - and improvements in their accommodations are being made all the time. So they are adequately housed. They are well fed and well looked after. Their general health needs are attended to by qualified veterinarians. They have the best DNA profiles when compared with any wild lion population in southern Africa - which means they are healthier and less susceptible to disease than wild lions. The industry is moving towards every single lion having its own profile recorded; ALL the breeding stock already have their own micro-chip numbers and their DNA is listed on official registers. No inbreeding is allowed. They live in a closed circuit environment. No wild lions are allowed to enter the captive-population - in case they introduce unwanted transmittable diseases or inject bad genes into the captive-mix. There is absolutely no interaction between the captive-bred lion population and any wild lion population. 9 So, whereas we can say that the captive lion breeding industry in South Africa does NOT (in the normal way of assessing such an outcome) 'enhance' the betterment of thecontinent's wild lions, we can also be emphatic and say that neither is it in any way'detrimental'. It has neither a negative influence nor a positive one on any existing wild lion population in Africa. What it does have is the potential to provide healthy breeding stock for any country in Africa which wants to start a new wild lion population from scratch. South Africa's captive bred lions have proved that they can be released directly into the wild; that they learn very quickly how to kill for themselves; and that they not only survive, they breed successfully without any further intervention by man. So THAT is a positive factor in this whole scenario. And there are no factors that influence wild lion populations negatively. NB: But 'people' do affect wild lion populations negatively. The human population explosion in Africa, for example (see below), is an enormous reality that none of us can or should ignore. Rather than trying to compare the South African captive-bred lion population with wild lion populations, society will get closer to the truth if it visualises the captive-bred lion population as though it were a herd of domestic cattle that are reared for the abattoir; and for human consumption. The classical lion farmer is far more closely related to a cattle farmer than he is to a game warden in Kruger National Park. If every lion in the South African captive-bred lion population were to be euthanized tomorrow, therefore, that eventuality would make not one iota of difference to the existence, to the well-being or to the demise of wild lions anywhere on the continent. So why do we bother to make such comparisons? In my report, I have compared the hunting of captive-bred lions in South Africa - by way of the walk and stalk method - and the hunting of wild lions over a bait, from a hide, in Tanzania. And I truly fail to see why the hunting of captive-bred lions on foot in South Africa can be construed as being 'ethically inferior' to hunting a wild lion from a hide, on a bait, in Tanzania. Indeed, I personally believe the opposite applies. Furthermore, I have had a report from a hunter who said that he refused to kill the lion he had paid for in Tanzania because he felt the killing of a lion on a bait, from a hide, was 'not sporting'. Since my report - SEARCHING FOR THE TRUTH - was made public, many people have explained to me what they describe as being 'the real truth' behind why the custodians split with PHASA. A short period before the split - I have been told - members of PHASA (who were later to become custodians) complained about what they called "cheap-skate" lion hunting in South Africa. Their complaint (apparently) was that on a comparatively inexpensive 5- to-7 day safari, an overseas hunter could hunt a captive-bred lion in South Africa for 10 US$ 20 000. No mention was ever made - in those early days - about "ethics", or lack thereof, in the hunting of captive-bred lions. So, I must presume that 'ethics' was then 'not an issue'. What is more than likely is that nobody, at that time, had realised that the labelling of captive-bred lion hunting as 'unethical' could be used as an excuse (or a fabricated reason) for demanding that CBL be closed down! NB: I even have a written report from a professional hunter - a past PHASA president (now a custodian) - who participated in an early captive-bred lion hunt, and pronounced himself favourably impressed. He has since changed his tune! A wild lion can be hunted in Tanzania ONLY on a minimum 21 day safari, for the total cost of 'about' US$ 100 000. The daily fee, for the safari alone, is between US$ 2 000 and US$ 3 000. On top of that, is the cost of the lion's license or permit and several other fees including obligatory and stipulated tips to staff. Another major inclusion is the full salary cost of an additional Tanzania-resident professional hunter who HAS to be present on every Tanzanian safari lion hunt. The South African outfit that is selling the hunt also provides its own professional hunter. So every Tanzanian lion hunt carries the cost of two professional hunters. Thus do the costs of a wild lion hunt in Tanzania build up. During that same year (when the controversy began), CBL sold 800 South African captive-bred lion hunts into the international hunting market; and that made the high- cost East African lion hunts very difficult to sell. This was not, apparently, JUST because of the comparative costs involved, but also because the client-hunters found it easier to escape from their work programmes (back home in America) for one week - compared to the minimum three weeks they were required to spend in Tanzania. Despite the greater cost of the Tanzanian wild lion hunt (US$100 000) - I am told - thepercentage profit the South African PH's receive from a Tanzania wild lion hunt is considerably greater than the percentage profit they receive from the much cheaper US$ 20 000 cost of a captive-bred lion hunt in South Africa. I was told that THAT was the REAL reason why the Custodians tried to close down the South African captive-bred lion hunting industry. Whether this is true or not will probably never be admitted, but one cannot deny that this conjecture is very plausible. If the Custodians could have closed down the CBL lion hunting industry in South Africa, they would have created a financially beneficial Open Sesame for themselves in Tanzania - as long as wild lions continue to be hunted there! One also has to take into account, the effect that the banning of captive-bred lion hunting has had on the wildlife industry as a whole, in South Africa. Most clients who took a lion, extended their lion hunting safari onto several of the other game ranches 11 that offered plains-game hunting, too, and - on average - they also hunted up-to-ten'plains game' animals after they had killed their lion. So the year that 800 captive-bred lions were shot, the hunters also injected the cost of 8000 other expensive trophy animals into the South African wildlife economy. So, when the US Fish and Wildlife Service denied the importation to America of captive-bred lion trophies from South Africa; that reality lost the South African wildlife industry several million dollars in extra revenue, annually. That loss has been felt by the game ranch owners; the professional hunters that they employ; and all the lowly ranch-hands that work on the game ranch properties. The ripple effect, therefore, has been huge. As a consequence of the lion trophy import ban, several lion farmers moved back into conventional agricultural businesses because they can no longer afford the cost of feeding large numbers of their lions - without reciprocal benefits being derived from hunting their lions. The lion hunting ban has, therefore, adversely affected the production of large numbers of plains-game animals, too. So, the negative impact has been felt right throughout South Africa's wildlife industry. I have to note that a large proportion of the custodians are previous PHASA presidents. They are, therefore, old friends of senior officials in SCI, DSC, the WSF and the CIC. So, I have to wonder if THAT is not the reason why SCI, et al, sided so readily with the Custodians over the CBL controversy? The question is: Did any of the seniors in these organisations determine what appears to be 'the real truth' behind the CBL controversy? Now I want to comment on some impressions you have inferred in your letter: (1). In paragraph 2 of your letter you state: "At the last two of your Annual General Meetings, held in November 2016, and November 2017, SCI has spoken out strongly and clearly against the practice of pursuing captive bred lions. We have repeatedly pointed out that the practice is detrimental to the public perception of big game hunting in South Africa, the African continent and of big game trophy hunting in general." Comment: On what grounds did SCI make those remarks? Has any member of SCI ever taken the trouble to investigate CBL in South Africa? Or did you take your cue solely from utterances made by the custodians? The hunting of captive-bred lions is, most decidedly, put-and-take hunting. So, if your opposition to hunting captive-bred lions is based on your opposition to the concept of put-and-take hunting (generally), then I accept that your opposition to captive-bred lion hunting is based on a valid and acceptable argument. But it then becomes acceptable ONLY if you are prepared to equally condemn the put-and-take hunting that takes place 12 in America of captive-bred white-tailed deer, elk (in Colorado), bison (on the prairies) and a whole host of exotic animals and exotic birds (Chinese pheasants and chukar partridges) all over the United States. You must also be prepared to condemn the captive-breeding of millions of fish in the United States, that are released into wild streams and dams (even in your national parks and wildlife reservations) for angling purposes. You must also be prepared to condemn the captive-breeding of pheasants and partridges for wing-shooting purposes all over the United States. With all due respect, "the public perception of big game hunting in South Africa, on the African continent and about big game trophy hunting, in general" - of which you make mention - is generated largely by the manner in which our hunting institutions (including SCI) project themselves in the public domain. When we roll over and bury our heads in the sand - when the going gets tough - we project ourselves as being people who don'thave the strength of our own convictions. We ALL know that the seemingly all-powerful international animal rightist NGOs wish to abolish ALL hunting - not just trophy hunting - so we must not cherry-pick ONLY what we consider to be winnable public arguments; and we must not avoid the 'difficult' problems - like CBL - because we don't believe theyare winnable. They are winnable - but only if we stick together and fight as a united front. And CBL is 'acceptable' - even if it is a put-and-take hunting pursuit - because put-and-take hunting - generally - is NOT condemned by us all for the same reasons. NB: I must add that, during a recent colloquium in the South Africanparliament, the organisation 'BRAND SOUTH AFRICA' assured South Africans that CBL had done nothing to destroy the image of South Africa overseas. So let's put THAT myth behind us! In this regard I have to make mention of the fact that some custodians recently collaborated with a very active animal rights organisation in South Africa called "The Conservation Action Trust" (CAT for short) in the making of the animal rights propaganda film "Blood Lions". The film purported to reflect the present status of the CBL industry, but it contained footage of CBL activities taken in the early years of this century - activities that have since been outlawed. Thus do the animal rightists deceitfully present their cause to the general public; but 'we' mustn't allow ourselves tobe so easily fooled. I was foolish enough to state (but later could not prove) in my communications with the custodians that I had heard (at a PHASA AGM) that two custodians (and I named them) - to demonstrate their virulent opposition to CBL - had not only collaborated in the making of the 'Blood Lions' animal rights propaganda film (which was, inter alia, anti- hunting) they had also contributed to the cost of the film's production. I was wrong in making the latter statement (because I couldn't prove it). I apologised, under threat of 13 prosecution, and was duly (and justifiably) hauled over the coals (by the custodians). I took my punishment and carried on with my life. At about this time - when discussing the custodians' interaction with animal rights groups in South Africa - I was informed by the custodians' president (StewartDorrington) that the custodians had been given indications by leading lights in CAT that they were considering condoning 'trophy' hunting - but not other forms of hunting - and he considered that THAT was a step in the right direction. I gained the impression fromhim that as long as 'trophy hunting' could be condoned by these nefarious people, allother forms of hunting could be 'thrown under the bus'. Mr Dorrington has now explained in writing (in the last issue of the African Outfitter magazine) that the custodians are going to pursue their collaboration with the animal NGOs in order toseek common ground. I don't think he realises that for an animal rights organisation tocondone hunting will be an act of financial suicide. (2). In paragraph 3 of your letter you state: "Despite our long-standing relationship anddespite our efforts to support PHASA's public relations efforts to cast African big gamehunting in a positive light, our words against captive bred lions were first dismissed, then ignored altogether". Comment: I repeat what I said in my first comment: On what grounds did SCI make those remarks? Has any member of SCI ever taken the trouble to investigate CBL in South Africa? Or did you take your cue from utterances by the custodians? (3). In paragraph 4 of your letter you state: "In the months since your new constitutionand direction has come into effect...." etc. Comment: PHASA has certainly seen the negative reaction of its peers - the custodians - who saw fit to break from PHASA and form their own group. PHASA knows who they are and how they think - and PHASA quite rightly saw fit to ignore them. As I understand the figures: custodians number about 100. PHASA over 1000. So who is favouring 'the few'? South Africans, generally, favour PHASA because PHASA members clearly lookafter South Africa's interests FIRST. And as for the hunting associations in East Africa and elsewhere - where did those foreign professional hunting associations get their information from? The custodians? You refer to'ethics' in this paragraph, too, but you don't define what you mean. You ridicule the fact that our courts declared CBL to be a legal activity. Doesn'tTHAT mean anything to SCI? All the anti-lion-hunting opposition - until the Custodians made their move - all came from the animal rightists. And 14 nobody saw fit to fight them? Instead, everybody lay down and rolled over - except the custodians who joined them. Finally you make the statement and ask the question: It (CBL) is legal, but is it right?The answer to that question depends on your knowledge about CBL and your perspectives. Is SCI's knowledge about CBL secure enough to answer that question in good faith? (4). In paragraph 5 of your letter. "In the months since your new constitution..." Comment: There is a lot more at stake here than just trophy records and appearances on SCI shows. And what other organisations have done tomimic SCI's opposition to the CBL issue in South Africa, is not the main point. Unfortunately, SCI holds the hunting world over a barrel - because professional hunters need clients to take on trophy hunts - but I don't thinkit very honourable that SCI should insinuate threats like: "Do as we tellyou to do and we will restore all your past benefits." General. After reading many advertisements for captive-bred wild animal hunting in America (and in many other parts of the world) - many of them alien species - I have to ask why has SCI been so adamantly disposed towards closing down - particularly - the CBL Industry in South Africa? It is important that the TGA be given a clear explanation why this should be so, because our very existence is focussed on helping South Africa's wildlifeindustry through such conflict situations; and keeping the public properly informed. Appeasement of the animal rightist NGOs, however, will, in the end, get the custodiansnowhere because the animal rightists' real objective is to stop ALL hunting everywhere. The animal rightists will give the custodians whatever sops they need to give them, to keep them happy - but they will never give up their goal of destroying all hunting totally. The custodians, therefore, are feeding a crocodile in the hope that they (the custodians) will be the last people who will get eaten! Conclusion I have one advantage over SCI. I have actually conducted a survey of the Captive Breeding of Lions Industry in South Africa - covering one whole month. And I am confident and comfortable with the opinions that I hold in this regard. It must be very difficult to hold a whole country to ransom - which is the reality of SCI's stance on this matter - about a subject that you know nothing about; or about which you have learned 15 only a smattering from animal rights propaganda and the opinions of people with vested interests in obtaining a negative result. My recommendation to SCI, therefore, is this: Review the TGA's report (attached)- confidently - in the sure knowledge that the TGA's bona fides are in perfect harmony with your own hunting desiderata. Alternatively - if the TGA's bona fides are not enough for you - please arrange for the South Africa Predator Association (SAPA) to enable you to enjoy the privilege of the same kind of CBL inspection that the TGA carried out, so that you can draw your own conclusions. This controversy has torn the South African hunting industry apart; and it has badly affected the economics of the country's entire wildlife industry. So, the TGA views this matter as being IMPORTANT - VERY IMPORTANT. Don't listen to other people'sopinions - including ours if that be your inclination. If necessary, find out in your own way, what this business is all about. But, please, beware of the personal preference- opinions of people who have vested interests in negative outcomes. The TGA, incidentally, has no affiliation with or vested interest in, any of the role players in his controversy! If SCI wants to regain my respect; to earn the TGA's respect; and to restore the respect of many wavering South Africans - THIS is what you are going to have to do. You are going to have to become, yourselves, properly informed about CBL - because only THEN will you be able to talk about this industry with any kind of respectable authority; with your own tongue; and with no 'forked tongue'. Please also be advised that the custodians' support from ordinary South Africans is not as glowing as the custodians make it out to be. It is my opinion that most South Africans favour PHASA; and as the South African general public learns more about the custodian's apparent motivations for splitting with PHASA, the less has become thepublic's empathy with them. Over the next 80 years the human population of Africa (south of the Sahara Desert) is expected to increase six-fold (to four billion people). By the year 2100, therefore, human beings will have occupied every bit of currently unoccupied land in Africa outside the national parks (and they may even have annexed the national parks by then, too). So, evolutionary change in Africa is inevitable - in all sorts of spheres - whether we like it or not; and it would behove us all to take this reality into serious account. The hunting of wild lions - as a viable industry - therefore, by the time 2100 comes along will, without doubt, have become ancient history. We have, however, 80+ years to play with the reality of improving captive-bred lion hunting and to mould a method of hunting them into something that is 'more ethically acceptable' to everybody. Captive-bred lion 16 hunting works - the way it has been conceived and developed in the CBL's infancy - butit could be made to work 'better' if we ALL apply ourselves resolutely to bring this about. But to make this possible, everybody will have to engage honestly with CBL. Let's not avoid this issue. Let's embrace it! It is crazy to ban the hunting of captive-bred lions on what appears to be the selfish personal-preference whims that condemn the industry now. It will need organisations with foresight and integrity to guide this new evolution - like SCI, DSC, WSF, CIC, IWCC, and the US Fish & Wildlife Service. It will also need individuals with great practical experience to put their shoulders to the wheel, too - like the PH's of PHASA. I believe an acceptable result can be achieved. It can be done and it should be done! Furthermore, I believe the effort to achieve such a desirable outcome should be supported by all of us, working in unison, together! And, if we are prepared to do this in an honest and open fashion, I am quite sure that SAPA will become our willing and enthusiastic partner. Ron Thomson CEO - TRUE GREEN ALLIANCE Cell: 072 587 1111 E-mail: email@example.com TGA website: www.mahohboh.org


text:
Jessica Romeo • February 13, 2019
Sex differences in male and female plants raise some big questions
Donavyn Coffey • November 19, 2018
Plants have never experienced where our climate is going — one researcher wants to prepare them for the worst.
Chloe Williams • November 15, 2017
New research shows that mosquitoes feeding on plant nectar bite more throughout their life span. For malaria control, plant management might be important
Nicole Wetsman • July 26, 2017
Sleeping Giant state park is home to diverse microclimates
Nicole Wetsman • April 17, 2017
Humans often do more harm than good when we try to rebuild damaged landscapes
Nicole Wetsman • October 10, 2016
Photographer Matt Kaelin grows bug-eating plants in his Long Island apartment
Ryan F. Mandelbaum • May 2, 2016
An Appalachian battle rages over a pipeline route through sensitive salamander habitats
Ellie Kincaid • January 17, 2016
Humans are creating new species as well as killing them off, but don't be too quick to celebrate
JoAnna Klein • October 29, 2014
A new guide may help rangers stop the invasion of the Galapagos Islands.
Lydia Chain • October 13, 2014
Genetically modifying tobacco has created incredible medical discoveries; what else remains to be found?
Rebecca Cudmore • April 2, 2014
Organic gardener and blogger Frank Meuschke cultivates crops online.
Caitlin Q. Davis • February 10, 2014
Rail trails aim to unite neighboring towns and revitalize Massachusetts's cities
Rebecca Cudmore • November 7, 2013
Organisms keep up with a changing climate without waiting for genetic adaptation
Ashley Taylor and Kate Yandell • February 6, 2012
Growing natural dye plants in Brooklyn
Kate Yandell and Jonathan Chang • December 27, 2011
Scienceline brings you the best obscure science stories from 2011

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We are a financial literacy and numeracy education company.
In partnership with the popular ethnic channel, BEN TV, bMoney Wize Ltd is pleased to offer the money game at a special rate of £19:99, as part of our Back to School campaign. Ends August 31, 2017
Special offer on Amazon. Buy here: http://amzn.to/2fPiDDi
Aims of game:
Bmoneywize is a fun and engaging game that is also educational. It introduces the complex concepts of financial literacy to kids in a way that is simple and opens up a dialogue between them and their parents about money. It can be played at home as a family game and in schools, as it encourages maths skills while teaching valuable life lessons. The game breaks down the consequences of the decisions to spend frivolously in a way that is easy to understand and how this can be prevented. The scenarios that are explained are every-day and mostly commonplace. They were carefully picked to depict the lifestyle of the average person, and while humourous are also very relatable.
Some testimonials: From Children
"I think it's like real life, so you understand the way that adults see their lives" – Aged 10
"I like the game because it's involving money in it – then you, because like it shows you and then your parents that they pay for stuff, and how they take the money away and how you learn to use it properly so you make responsible decisions" – Aged 9
"I think the game has a lot of strategy. It uses a lot of maths and calculations, which I find very amusing. That's what I like about the game" – Aged 10
"It's a fun game, it's very educative. It gets you ready for your adult life. You do lots of different calculations" – Aged 10
What are parents saying:
henry testimonial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKRoLDIH8C0&sns=em
Watch a game play session:
Get your copy now on Amazon. Buy Now.
Closing date: September 2017
More here:


text:
1:40 pm
January 18, 2018
Hi All,
I am so very thankful I found this forum. My loans are set to come out of deferment in May. I may be able to apply for deferment again, but I dont think I really need to. Long story short, I was the first in my family to ever attend college, and learning came very naturally to me. As a young 17 year old in college (emancipated), I signed whatever form they put in front of me. This was great! I was getting an education! Fast forward years later and 3 degrees later……. I am in debt for $177k. As a 30 something, I now realize oh my, all those forms I signed… I have to actually PAY for. The good news is I work for a 501 which qualifies me under the PSLF program (thank god…) I have done nothing to my loans. I want to start repaying them under IBR ($125/mo) so that my work history will start counting towards the 10 years of qualifying payments and eventual forgiveness. However, we also just started looking at purchasing our first home….
The first mortgage broker I called (Regions bank in Florida, where I live), literally LAUGHED at me. Why? My student loans. He said a bunch of things I honestly didnt (dont) understand, but essentially as they were in deferment, he had to count 1% of my overall loans, which he estimated at 200k (not true, its 177k…) so my DTI starts at almost 60%… The only other debt we have at all is a car loan which will paid off soon. I was crushed. Fast forward (I dont stay down long..) to today – and another gentleman I spoke to, said that he could qualify us for a loan after I resolve 2 items on our report (no biggie) and said to me it is totally normal now for people to have in excess of $200k in student loan debt (Oh I guess Im not a martian from Mars…)
Heres the thing. I dont know what to do – at all – Ive never touched these loans. Do I consolidate? Do I need to? Should I just enter into IBR? Whats the difference? Will IBR hurt our chances for a loan? I read somewhere in my start of researching that even under IBR sometimes they still have to use 1% because it isnt a set payment? I read somewhere else if the payment reports on your credit report, they can use that? Why wouldnt it report on a credit report? My loans are all serviced through Nelnet. Below is what it shows for mortgage verification. Would that change (the regular monthly payment amount) under IBR?
Thanks for your feedback
Account Summary
Regular monthly payment amount $1,676.20
Past due amount $0.00
Due date 05/28/2018
Capitalized interest $12,602.02
Outstanding principal balance $155,703.60
Accrued interest $21,333.57
Outstanding fees $0.00
Current balance $177,037.17
2:22 pm
May 3, 2014
There is a lot going on here. I count 3 big issues:
1) Getting things rolling to make sure your time working is counting toward PSLF
2) Enrolling all of your loans into an income driven plans for mortgage eligibility
3) Coming up with a strategy
Not long ago I was working for the government aiming towards PSLF and trying to buy a home, so this situation is quite familiar. I think that odds are pretty good that you are not the only one in this situation, so I'm going to go ahead and write more of an in depth article on the subject. I'll be sure to post a link to it here when it is done.
3:16 pm
January 18, 2018
That is wonderful! Thank you so much!
10:29 am
May 3, 2014
The article on these questions has be published. It can be found here: https://studentloansherpa.com/ibr-pslf-mortgages/
Hopefully it helps!!
Most Users Ever Online: 27
Currently Online:
1 Guest(s)
Currently Browsing this Page:
1 Guest(s)
Top Posters:
keeranbri: 6
RyanMarie24: 6
Gin Fab: 5
NitashaS: 5
s1nemesis1s: 4
luv2tenor: 4
moneypoll950: 4
Oldstudent12: 4
chirojosh: 4
Member Stats:
Guest Posters: 169
Members: 7243
Moderators: 0
Admins: 2
Forum Stats:
Groups: 1
Forums: 5
Topics: 262
Posts: 766
Newest Members:Loughran, nomar234, kenc, blis, mdhezaz, WandaPerl, givemeadvise, Tina Jeremy, svers, Patrick P
Administrators: Michael Lux: 352, jontaggart: 0


text:
Best Ever Chocolate Chip Cookies
3/4 c. unsalted butter, softened
3/4 c. brown sugar
1/4 c. granulated sugar
1 egg
2 tsp. vanilla extract
2 c. all purpose flour
2 tsp. cornstarch
1 tsp. baking soda
1/2 tsp. salt
1 c. bittersweet chocolate chips
1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, cream together butter and sugars until fluffy and light in color. Add egg and vanilla and blend in.
3. Mix in flour, cornstarch, baking soda and salt. Stir in chocolate chunks.
4. Using a standard-sized cookie scoop or tablespoon, drop dough onto a prepared baking sheet. Bake for 8-10 minutes, until barely golden brown around the edges. (The tops will not brown, but do NOT cook longer than ten minutes.)
5. Let cool, on the sheet, on a wire rack for five minutes. Remove from baking sheet and let cool completely. Makes approximately 3 dozen.
Lois Johnson, avid writer, tea drinker, and reader but first and foremost, avid Christian.


text:
- The time is drawing close to a direct confrontation between Iran and America if they are not willing to make a new nuclear agreement.
- Khomeini says he doesn't want war with America. He is already at war with Saudi and Israel.
- Many miracles have occurred when people gave thanks to God and accepted their sufferings.
The east and west conferences of the NBA have reached the playoffs. The NBA finals will begin May 30. In the meantime from the West conference will be decided who will reach the finals between Golden State and Portland. From the East conference the conference finals are between Milwaukee and Toronto.
There is glory, fame and money at stake. Each team in both conferences has invested in their success. There is one winner in each conference and one winner in the NBA Finals. Then will be chosen the MVP of the year.
It is coming close to the showdown between America and Iran. America has cancelled the nuclear treaty which was made by President Obama and has completed initiating sanctions on Iran. Already Yemen rebels have damaged Cargo ships of Saudi. Iran at this stage is not interested in patrolling its waters for the sake of export of oil from its surrounding nations. Iran is still looking for support from China, European nations, India, Russia to get around the sanctions which America is enforcing. The time is drawing close to a direct confrontation between Iran and America if they are not willing to make a new nuclear agreement. Most of the nations of the world still hold by the old nuclear agreement and are willing to continue to have relations with Iran.
Iran is building up its forces in Syria and continues to supply Hezbollah with weapons for a possible new confrontation with Israel. Israel has already detected several tunnels which Hezbollah had dug in which their forces would be able to enter Israel by surprise in case of a war. Israel has on several occasions bombed locations in Syria containing Iranian missiles. Iran several times shot missiles into Israel which were intercepted by Israel defense system. On the day that President Trump cancelled the Nuclear weapon treaty they tried an attack of several missiles at one time aimed at Israel. Khomeini says he doesn't want war with America. He is already at war with Saudi and Israel.
In a war there are losses and gains. Today no one wins the war. It is not like NBA Basketball where now is starting the conference finals and eventually the finals on April 29. There is a war which started once upon a time and has continued for as long as history remembers. This is not the case of the game which the stars play in the NBA. After the game they have a lot to say and a lot of reasons to give thanks.
There is always a reason to give thanks to God not only after a victory but also in the end of the game for good and for bad. Prayer is part of the game whether it is Basketball, football, soccer, or any sport game. Prayer is important before the game and after the game which means to give Thanks. Many miracles have occurred when people gave thanks to God and accepted their sufferings.
A Prayer of Thanks
Bless God the king of kings, the blessed and Holy God the master of the Universe, Thank you.
Thank you for the many times that you helped me, stood behind me, saved me, watched over me, healed me.
Thank you that you are always with me.
Thank you for all the times that you helped me and I wasn't aware of it to give you thanks. Thank you for all the kindnesses that you did for me each and every moment. Thank you for the breath of life which I breathe at all times.
Thank you for those things which are hard for me to give you thanks, when I may be depressed with life and do not realize that everything is for good.
From the depths of my heart I know that all that happens to me is for good, the best that can be for me. I realize that everything comes from divine providence whether I win or lose. Only you God know the deep reasons for tragedy. Only you God know the rewards which come in the afterlife.
Thank you for everything great and small that I have, and for everything that you have given me in my life.
Thank you that I know that you hear my prayers.
Creator of the world, I request forgiveness from you for my unkindness. Let me not hate any good human being. Let all nations live and survive in peace. Please bring an end to war.
Thank you for everything. Thank you for my family. Thank you for my friends. Thank you for my enemies.


text:
46161 Westlake Drive #310
Sterling, VA 20165
Here at Pal Dental Group, your comfort is our number one priority. We will do our utmost to put you at ease and keep you feeling relaxed and secure. Under the experienced leadership of Dr. Gopal Pal, our dedicated team of professionals is at your service to explain your treatment thoroughly and answer any questions you may have.
Relaxation dentistry with Sterling area dentist Dr. Gopal Pal means your dental treatments can be done quickly. You'll be lightly sedated and you'll feel little or no discomfort.
You won't have to tolerate feeling uncomfortable or hide your smile because you need dental work. You'll feel at ease during your dental appointment, and glad that you're taking care of your oral health.
One of the first things people notice is your smile. All it takes is a single appointment or two with Sterling area dentist Gopal Pal, D.D.S., and you, too, can have the winning, healthy-looking smile you've always wanted. The beautiful cosmetic results you'll get from Pal Dental Group can be immediate and dramatic!
There are a variety of payment options available to our valued patients. Pal Dental Group accepts debit cards, credit cards, checks and cash, and even offers convenient monthly payment plans for those who qualify. Call our Sterling area dental office today to discuss the right financial options for you.
Don't let untreated dental problems get you down. Rebuild your confidence with a beautiful new smile. From simple treatments that make a big difference, to more extensive work, unveiling the smile you were meant to have can have profound life-changing effects. Serving the Sterling, VA area and offering cosmetic dentistry, Dr. Pal can help you develop an affordable treatment plan you'll feel good about.
Acclaim Dental Group
13890 Braddock Rd STE 202
Centreville, VA, 20121
(703) 266-0111
Kangarloo, Ramineh N D.D.S.
5103 Westfields Blvd
Centreville, VA, 20120-4365
Dr William A ODonnell , D.D.S. DMD PC
5675 Stone Rd Ste 205
Centreville, VA, 20120
(703) 818-1553
Dulles Dental Group
5103 Westfields Blvd
Centreville, VA, 20120-4365
A general dentist attends four years of dental school after college and receives training in all areas of dentistry, including fillings, crowns, cleaning teeth, root canals, extracting teeth and much more. At the completion of this training period, a dentist can either go out and open a dental practice or continue on with their education and specialize in any of the above-mentioned areas. For example, an orthodontist is a specialist in braces.
A prosthodontist is a specialist in the restoration and replacement of broken and missing teeth. Their additional training lasts three years. During that time, they are taught in greater detail about both removable and fixed prosthodontics.
Removable Prosthodontics includes replacing missing teeth with appliances that the patients themselves can take in and out of their mouth, such as dentures and partial dentures.
Fixed prosthodontics includes replacing missing and/or broken teeth with restorations that the patient cannot take in and out, such as veneers, dental crowns, bridges and implants.
The most important part of the training is how to restore teeth in a variety of different situations so that the end result is the most esthetic and predictable outcome possible. The types of cases seen in cosmetic dentistry are often more comprehensive and complex in nature. They often involve the combination of crowns and implants or can even be as involved as placing crowns on every tooth in a person's mouth.
To do this, prosthodontists are trained to evaluate all the different aspects of your teeth and mouth. They observe and treat your mouth with regards to:
By evaluating these different areas, the prosthodontist can treat one area of your mouth, but also will determine how other areas will impact the treatment. In essence, a prosthodontist looks at your mouth as a whole, even though there may be only one tooth requiring treatment.
Often times, especially in cases involving multiple and/or missing teeth, the involvement of other specialists and cosmetic dentistry will be needed to help with treatment. These specialists include orthodontists (to straighten or move teeth using braces), periodontists (for gum surgeries and placement of implants), endodontists (root canals) and oral surgeons (for the extraction of teeth and placement of implants). In essence, the prosthodontist acts as the coordinator to help sequence the proper treatment before the final restorations are placed. Often times, treatment can take longer to complete, especially if other specialists are involved. In taking a complete approach, you can be assured that you will end up with the most esthetic and reliable treatment, whether it involves one or all of your teeth.
By Greggory Kinzer, DDS, MSD
Have you had esthetic enhancements to your teeth or just naturally have great looking, perfect teeth? Here are some dentistry tips to maintain your picture perfect smile.
n order to maintain a healthy smile, you have to know what types of things are damaging to the teeth. Identifying and eliminating bad oral habits is the key to retaining a great smile for many years. Sometimes we are not aware that we are harming the health of our teeth. Do you:
If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are in danger of causing a detrimental effect on your new perfect teeth and smile.
How Detrimental Are the Effects? No one can predict the exact effects that the habit will have on your newly perfect teeth, however, the longer the duration of the habit, the greater negative effect it will have on the longevity of your smile enhancements.
The first step to eliminating a bad habit is to identify and acknowledge that you have one. If your habit is crunching ice, you must alter or eliminate it from your day-to-day routine.
Other habits are harder to break like grinding your teeth. Grinding the teeth is generally an involuntary action and usually occurs when asleep. Because the habit is difficult to break, a plastic night guard is the best solution to prevent excessive wear of your teeth.
A night guard is a clear plastic mouthpiece that is custom-fitted to snap over your teeth, much like an athletic mouth guard. The night guard is designed so your teeth grind on the plastic, not your teeth. The night guard will wear out, but your teeth will not.
Do not neglect your teeth, especially if you have had esthetic enhancements. Your enhancements will not last forever, so in order to preserve your perfect teeth, have regular dental check-ups and do your best to eliminate bad oral habits.
By Benjamin O. Watkins, III, DDS


text:
Lumpy McRighteous·
16,108 Posts
#161 •
Straight-up PAWGasus. :datass :tucky
Same here. She needs to be signed up!Hoping she eventually signs up with WWE. I think she would do quite well.
Not for another year at LEAST, I think.Is she ever gonna sign with WWE??
Shame. But she's still really young so there's plenty of timeNot for another year at LEAST, I think.


text:
HabboHelpers.com is an international fansite related to the popular game Habbo Hotel.
We always looking for volunteers who can help us out and promoting the side of Habbo Helpers.
We are looking for:
Habbo Helpers for our Twitter community
[HHD] HabboHelpDesk is also hiring new people!
Come join them as a Helpdesk helper or recruiter!
Roomlink: https://www.habbo.com/hotel?room=70988302


text:
Conservatism is not a political issue, nor is what follows intended to be a political statement. It's more basic than that. The foundation for conservatism is history and original intent—a return to the basics, ethics being the most basic. Anyone can do it.
Any society needs a system of rules within which its members can operate to the general benefit. These rules are founded in its values and articulated in its privileges. The rules of all successful societies including our own begin in ethics and are adapted to the society's needs and wishes.
Our own rules trace their origin to a paramount need for freedom. Our laws are founded in a Declaration of Independence from our mother country and empowered by a Constitution written by individuals with a strong ethical and moral base "in order to form a more perfect union."
Drawing upon the experience of past cultures and societies so as to weave the strongest, most equitable and serviceable fabric possible at the time, a document creating a republic representing the best the world had to offer was codified in a few short pages. Its first ten amendments spelled out what the government was and was not empowered to do with regard to its citizens—this Bill Of Rights clearly maintains the primacy of the individual. While not perfect (it was known not to be, hence the modifier more to the absolute perfect), it was a job well done that has served to elevate our nation to the pinnacle of society.
But the laws and rules of our nation, arguably a high-water mark of the world's civilizations, do not apply globally. Other societies and cultures are free to exist and govern as they please. Enlightened as it is, our society cannot empower itself to intrude on others at its option. Nor is it empowered to go beyond its own limits, even within itself.
And here's the key: Any group—our nation included—has limits even within itself beyond which it may not dictate what its members may or may not do. Ethics—truth—is one of these. No government, however well-founded or well-intended, may tamper with truth or define it in any way other than the absolute. No nation's laws may be in conflict with Natural Law and its First Principles, the first of which is truth. While our society may pass laws that ignore or disregard truth even if they would benefit its members, those laws cannot stand within the whole of mankind, and therefore cannot apply to mankind or any of its members. And, since each of us is a member—an equal member—of humanity, such laws cannot stand with any of us in spite of what any government may proclaim. The first principles of mankind always trump the posited law of society.
Nor is this a new or original concept. Alexander Hamilton wrote (1775): "The sacred rights of mankind are not to be rummaged for, among old parchments, or musty records. They are written, as with a sun beam, in the whole volume of human nature…and can never be erased or obscured by mortal power."
So, in addition to any powers granted the individual by civil law, the individual retains certain powers granted by virtue of his humanity and natural law. When there is a conflict, the individual must look beyond his privileges (granted by the group) to his rights (granted by his very being), and he is not only empowered but obligated to resolve the conflict in the interest of mankind, not the State. If the conflict involves ethics, there is no contest. Ethics is the only choice. At this point, a few definitions may help.
First Principles (Natural Law) are universal truths numbering among our innate rights. All of humanity is beholden to them—they're ours simply by virtue of our being. They needn't and can't be bestowed on us because we already own them.
In addition to open access to sunlight, air, gravity and the natural phenomena available to all of mankind, we own the right to be (and to become). We own the right to enjoy our own senses and motor skills (within ethical limits), the right to make choices, the right to employ our own intellect and the right to be the unique and private individuals that we are. But these rights (and others), being universal, are equivalent. While you own yours, so does everyone else own theirs, so it's incumbent on you to regard them as the unique individuals they are and not infringe on their rights which are the same as—equal to—yours.
It may be of interest to note that "these truths that we hold to be self-evident": life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, are precisely that—truths, givens, rights, and not incidentally, underpinnings of morality.
Because those rights include as well certain responsibilities—obligations—nothing more than the other side of the same coin—rights from the perspective of humankind. Our responsibilities are as much a birthright as the rights we covet.
So you also have the right (are obliged) to uphold humanity, to accept full responsibility for the consequences of your choices and actions, and to permit others to do the same. That's ethics—just the way it is. No group, society or nation, no matter how benevolent, can cause it to be otherwise. These responsibilities are as much ours as our breathing and our heartbeat, whether or not we choose to accept them, and no group has the power to change that, or parcel them out to others.
And by discharging those rights (and obligations) morally, individuals would automatically enable and expand the free society that we all seek. Humanity is, in effect, an entity that lives in spite of any one of us. The world is, after all, an ethical whole from which it is impossible to entirely banish morality, because morality is founded in natural law. No government or its laws can prevail against it in the long run.
But we haven't satisfied our part of the bargain. And by not doing so—by not exercising our rights and discharging our obligations—we have effectively abdicated to society and its government our rights in exchange for mere privileges.
In writing its laws, society necessarily employs definitions appropriate to its aims. Just as with equality, it has in fact done exactly that with the word rights. The law tells us that we have, for instance, "the right to remain silent." But we already own that right and certain others as well, independent of society and before its law. What society's law bestows are more properly privileges. Privileges, like any group rules, may be changed, deleted, or added at the pleasure of society. But when society tampers with our rights (or definitions thereof) either deliberately or accidentally, it risks fouling the system.
Privileges include the freedom to pass relatively unhampered through and about our society while enjoying our rights in the group context, and to abide by (and benefit from) group rules. We also ostensibly have the privilege of speaking our mind within the group. Many societies (and some groups within our own) do not bestow that privilege.
The confusion of privileges with rights is a function of a widespread misunderstanding of the relationship between ethics and values.
Values, like privileges but unlike ethics, are not absolute. They may be defined by a group or by an individual. But whatever they may or may not be, values, like morals, are not universal.
Values are relative, defined ideals, customs, mores and morals. Values may be described, delimited, designated or interpreted by an individual, community or society. They may be either positive or negative. Ethics, on the other hand, can only be positive.
To put the difference between ethics and values in perspective, consider the difference between morality (honesty) and morals (that in spite of being generally-accepted societal customs, need not always be strictly moral), and consider the sociological aspects of everyday living in a society dominated by groups.
If a society's morals (values) are not universal, the ethical individual may have difficulty dealing with them. But society does not persuade us to be perfect, only to "go long to get along" for the good of the many. (In fact, society persuades us to be alike, not unique, because it is easier to deal with and regulate similar entities.) It is within this framework that society's rules and laws are written: just accept society's values and obey its laws, and you'll be all right.
To put values into even clearer perspective, consider that one of its synonyms is utility. Others are benefit and caliber. Go figure.
The preceding discussion provides a background to the current state of affairs, which are not congruent with the way it's supposed to be. What follows describes the current state of affairs.
THE WAY IT IS, and WHY
Our complex culture has inexorably been redefining humanity in its own image, leaving the individual at the mercy of groups, technology and ever-accelerating "social progress." The tail has come to wag the dog; what we've built is running us.
What's happened was that we have, over the course of time, effectively subverted the natural process in the name of the way we think (or are led to believe) that things are. The rapid growth of knowledge and technology has persuaded us to delegate the responsibility for progress to groups. We have effectively signed over our own creativity, imagination and ingenuity to others, giving them permission to tell us what to think and accepting what they tell us as the way it is. Instead of sharing the load according to our ability to handle it, we have become caught up in self-interest and neglected our vital link with humanity. In the process we have drawn further from the principle, the reason for it all—to be, to live, to create, to become all that we can be—what humanity and life itself is all about. We have come to believe, perhaps even with good reason, that we cannot trust others to do the right thing, thinking (or worse, never even considering) that others feel the same way about us. We forget that the vital connection includes more than shared interests and abilities. It includes, in fact, everything that makes us human, and it begins in truth.
As we developed stronger and stronger group connections we developed as well, group by group, a system of laws that has tended to mask our vital link with humanity. We tended to forget that, even if the high-water mark of mankind, our society is still a group, and as a group it's disposable. We tended to forget that humankind remains the vital and overarching entity to which each of us is vitally connected. We tended to forget that groups, however large and pervasive, remain groups that do not and cannot replace the individual, family, community or humanity, no matter what they tell us or what we have come to believe.
And when we permit group relationships to displace the vital one in importance, we permit groups (including society itself) to appropriate greater authority, and some members greater influence, than they are due. In this process, group rules corrupt the basic ethical precepts of mankind. Groups have written their own rules in order to accomplish their own ends, and these rules have found their way into law that may (and often does) misrepresent the relationship between the group and the individual. We have allowed, even encouraged, this to happen, and in the process we've subverted ethics in favor of law (group think) by assigning our own ethical responsibilities to groups that by definition cannot handle them. The effect has been devastating on both levels that really matter: the individual and the whole of mankind.
The 'global community' aspired to by many is a worthy and achievable goal, but only by way of first principles and natural law. It is, in fact, the way things should be, but it is not possible under the aegis of a government (or governments) that takes liberties with truth (anyone needing examples of this either has not been paying attention or is in moral denial). Only an ethical and moral entity can achieve this goal. Such a government is possible, but not under the current conditions resulting from servile deference to special interests. It is possible using a truly conservative approach.
To me, conservative means a return to the original premises of our nation and of humanity generally. This process begins with truth and the primacy of the individual freedom guaranteed by our Constitution and implicit in natural law.
This is not a political issue. It merely requires that all parties revert to the truth. Ethics and morality are not subject to party lines.
Do you think it's political? Sorry—not from my point of view. Conservatism, by political definition, champions the Constitution and rights of the individual rather than the power of government. Should someone favor governmental power over the primacy of the individual, that someone would be in political opposition to conservatism. However, so long as he demanded truth in politics and compliance with natural law, we would be in essential agreement ethically. Any political differences would be his choice, not mine.
I am in favor of individual freedom and people helping each other. I do not and never have relied on government for help to run my life—I alone am responsible for it. I also am a professional, one who speaks for himself without an intermediary. That puts me in opposition to unions, and especially public unions, which are made up of people who delegate to others the power to speak for them (and therefore are not professionals). As an individual, which like it or not we all are, I accept the responsibilities of my actions and will sink or swim with my decisions. Parenthetically, I've done both.
…open for discussion…


text:
Football wordsAdd to My Folder
Children identify football-related words and descriptions of feelings in 'Ben's Magic Football Boots', a story by Tony Bradman.
Viewing PDF files
Our downloadable resource sheets are in PDF format. To view these you will need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. Download the latest version from Adobe
You need to be signed in to place a review.


text:
Earn points toward FREE PIZZA with Piece of the Pie Rewards
More About Domino's Near 02816
Get Faster, Fresher Pizza Near 02816
When you've got a hankering for a cheese-loaded slice of mouthwatering pizza, we know you're craving only the best pizza near 02816. You want a delicious pizza with a robust tomato sauce, generous heaps of mozzarella and asiago, expertly diced pepperoni, and a golden crust that's simultaneously chewy and crispy. You want pizza, perfected. You want Domino's.
At Domino's near 02816, it's never been easier to get the fast and fresh pizza your tastebuds are begging you for! Order your pizza at the Domino's nearest you, give us a call, or place your pizza order online!
First, start by selecting your favorite crust. Pick from a hand-tossed crust that's seasoned with the perfect balance of garlic and butter, a pan crust featuring two colossal layers of cheese, a crunchy thin crust, or even a gluten-free pizza crust! Next, pick your sauce and load up on your favorite, most delish pizza toppings. Whether you're all about the veggies like green peppers, spinach, and onions, or you prefer the sweet and savory combination of ham and pineapple, you can count on your nearby Domino's to deliver.
There are more than 34 million ways to make a single Domino's pizza, which means you can be sure we've got a slice that suits your tastes. No matter how unique they are! Build your own pizza however you want or choose from one of our beloved specialty pizzas, like the popular Honolulu Hawaiian, Philly Cheese Steak, or Memphis BBQ Chicken, and have it delivered fresh and hot to your door, today!
We Deliver, You Eat: Pizza Delivery Near 02816
At your Domino's near 02816, we take pizza delivery pretty seriously. In fact, we promise your pizza will arrive hot and fresh at your door, right out of our oven. Stay up to date with the status of your order using our custom made TrackerⓇ. Enter in your phone number online and follow the progress of your pizza order from the moment you place it until it arrives at your door... and try not to drool on your keyboard while you wait.
Your Tastebuds Want Pizza Takeout Near 02816
We deliver pizza pretty darn fast, but we're also rockstars when it comes to lightning fast pizza takeout near 02816. Feel free to order a delectable pie from our pizza menu or take home something completely different. Make your tastebuds happy with one of our hand-tossed salads, oven-baked sandwiches, rich pastas, spicy chicken wing platters, and even sweet, dangerously delicious desserts like Cinna StixⓇ, chocolate cake, and cookie brownies.
Visit one of our more than 12,000 locations around the world and you'll see: we know what it means to provide great customer service and even better food quality. We make it our mission to be the best pizza delivery company in Coventry, and everything we do reflects this commitment. You'll see it in our courteous delivery drivers and money-saving pizza coupons, and taste it in every bite of pizza you eat. Use your mobile phone to place an order via our free app, order online, or call your local Domino's restaurant near 02816 for quick and delicious pizza delivery and carryout today! We aren't any old pizza restaurant. We're your go-to pizza place near 02816!


text:
So winter has arrived… On Saturday I managed to get out into the hills with Dougie. Hoping to find some winter conditions, Dougie, Adam, Lindsey and I headed up into Coire an Lochain full of early season psyche and anticipation.
To our joy, we found pretty much every route in condition, baring one or two super steep lines that hadn't caught the wind/hoar. So Dougie and I headed off in search of a potential route while Adam and Lindsey headed off to do "Hookers Corner". We opted to get on the classic line of "Bulgy" which skirts its way around two distinctive roofs.
It was a good route and after Dougie had quickly dispatched the first pitch, I made my way up the trickier second pitch.
I didn't have any big gear to protect the crux moves around the roof, so I awkwardly stacked two hexes in the crack and with some reassurance from this, made my way up the rest of the route and to the top.
It was awesome to get out in the hills in winter conditions and it felt good too blow away the cobwebs on some mixty moves!
I also managed to get out again yesterday with Guy Robertson, were we ventured back into Lochain for a quick tick of a new line that Guy had mentioned to me earlier last week.
We took a line that follows a steep crack and stepped niche to the right of "The Gathering". It was a fun wee route that packed a pumpy punch at its start and some awesome varied climbing higher up.
Whether it was early season rustiness or lack of concentration, but I popped off the very start of the crux pitch when my foot blew off its placement and simultaneously so did me axe as I was down-climbing back to the ledge after placing some gear. I was a bit miffed to have slipped off as I felt totally fine, but at the end of the day that's what winter cranking is all about….the unexpected and unknown, and that's why I love it!
Another unexpected occurrence on this route was after I had climbed the first overhanging crux crack (from the ground again) and I was moving up the niche, my foot slipped off the placement it was on and for some unexplained and unlucky reason my crampon plummeted down into a world of wind and spindrift (not attached to my foot I might add). Thankfully it landed at Guys feet on the small ledge that he was belaying from, and I was able to down-climb with one crampon to a point where I could to hang from one tool and pull/lower a rope to Guy to retrieve my crampon. I did this and managed to put it back on without having to sit on the rope/any gear, which was tricky, but satisfying as I was able to make a clean ascent of the awesome new "The Candy Shop" VII/9**, and our first (hopefully of many) new route of the season.
It was ace to get winter climbing again and now I'm just psyched to do much much more….so watch this space for updates soon!


text:
this tips will help u to use the MS windows fonts in Linux.
first of all, u should mount the windows C:\ directory , the windows files installed
to /mnt/windows_c
trace tot he windows fonts directory, its must be on /mnt/windows_c/windows/fonts.
now edit the /etc/X11/fs/config(as a root user)
and append the following line
/mnt/windows_c/windows/fonts. make sure that u put a comma on the end of the previous line.
save and exit.
as a root user , execute this
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xfs restart
so u can use the windows true type fonts in linux.


text:
Wednesday, June 01, 2005
Tonight: Rock School New York City premiere
Marky Ramone with Rock School All Stars Joey Randazzo, Eric Slick, and Grace Hollander.
Sooo...that's David Bowie's guitarist, Carlos Alomar, who will be performing with the Rock School All-Stars at CBGB's tonight following the premiere of Rock School in New York City tonight. My son, Eric, will be on drums behind Carlos on "Heroes" and "Fame". Think I'm a little excited? The rest of the set list is incredible as well but I'm not going to give it away -- I'll report back with a review tomorrow.
And on the drums tonight performing Ramones' hit I Wanna Be Sedated fresh off the Rock School soundtrack, Marky Ramone.
A brief history about guitarist Carlos Alomar -- he's played on more David Bowie albums than any other six stringer has (including Mick Ronson, who was perhaps the most identifiable with Bowie). In 1974, Alomar crossed paths with Bowie, who was interested in penning an album that explored dance/funk sounds of Philadelphia soul. The two hit it off, which would signal the beginning of a long and fruitful relationship between the singer and guitarist. 1975's classic Young Americans soon followed, as Alomar also helped co-write one of Bowie's biggest hits, "Fame," along with Bowie and John Lennon. It was also around this time that Alomar supposedly 'discovered' soul singer Luther Vandross, having him sing on Bowie's album, which ultimately led to a successful solo career of his own. Alomar quickly figured out that Bowie wasn't set on a single musical style for any period of time, as Alomar kept pace on such experimental and musically varied Bowie albums as 1976's Station to Station, 1977's Low and Heroes, 1979's Lodger, and 1980's Scary Monsters. The guitarist and Bowie also helped revive the career of punk icon Iggy Pop during this period, helping produce and co-write two of Pop's finest solo albums, 1977's The Idiot and 1978's Lust For Life.
So yep, I'm pretty excited about tonight.
In other news, I'm waiting for Eric to wake up because apparently he got in late last night and mumbled something about Rolling Stone giving Rock School three stars out of four. I don't know if he was talking about the movie or the soundtrack; if it's the soundtrack I don't know if specific kids' performances are mentioned or they just concentrate on the "names" like Ann Wilson, Jon Anderson, Billy Idol etc....arghhh...I'm so dying to wake Eric up but since he has the big NYC show tonight, I wouldn't dare.
I did see this very nice review of Rock School the movie this morning in the Seattle Weekly:
One of the principal ideas behind Don Argott's debut documentary, Rock School, is summed up in its first five minutes by an adorable, adenoidal little boy. Wearing an Angus Young–style shirt and tie, 9-year-old drummer Asa explains that "AC/DC's really easy, all you do is . . . , " then bangs out a beat that every AC/DC fan will immediately recognize. Rock music isn't rocket science, and the point is well-made by the students of Paul Green's irreverent Philadelphia-based music school. But Argott's film would be pretty one-note if all it did was show that elementary-school kids can play elementary riffs.
Fortunately, Rock School is really about relationships—primarily the ones between Green and his students (ages 9 to 17). And it's about how those relationships push young musicians past 4/4 rock rhythms, all the way to a Frank Zappa festival in Germany.
Anyone who has played in bands will recognize Green as that guy who always took it a tad too seriously. He confesses to having failed at the rock and roll dream of making it big, although he also says he'd only want to make it big if he could make it big in 1972. Still, it's clear that he's living out some vicarious fantasies through his students, but that would only be a problem if they weren't also having a genuinely good time and benefiting from his outside-the-box pedagogy.
Green's star pupils are C.J., a preternaturally talented preteen guitar player whom Argott paints as a mini Carlos Santana, and Madi, a high-school-aged Sheryl Crow–ish singer/songwriter who moonlights with the Friendly Gangsters, a Quaker rap group. Dry-ice clouds surround confident C.J. wherever he goes, while Madi needs—or does she?—cajoling, editing, and lots of direction from Green. Perhaps reminiscent of Jack Black in School of Rock, Green tells us he utilizes the kids' aptitude for learning without actually treating them like kids. You do get the sense that Green would scream and carry on with his shtick even with his mother.
Argott gets some narrative shape for his documentary as it culminates with the kids' big performance at the Zappa fest. Music fans will recognize that these particular students are beyond AC/DC; Zappa was a complex composer, and the students have expertly mastered his music. Even if you're not a Zappa fan, it's hard not to be thrilled by C.J.'s deft solo and Madi's slightly hesitant but bright smile when her band nails the toughest song of the festival.
You do worry about these kids, however—about their stars burning too bright too soon. Will they burn out or fade away while juggling their chores and homework? We'll have to wait for Rock School 2 to see. (R) LAURA CASSIDY
I like this review because she's got a better handle on what goes on at Rock School and she understands Paul and gets it. She also appreciates how Don Argott portrayed him. I was distressed by the review in the Village Voice because again, it was as if the critic was looking to attack Paul and totally missed the point that the kids are there because they want to be there; that he does bring out the best in them; and anyone who has spent time with this group of musicians on the road knows about the unique bond they have with each other and with Paul. Yeah, there's a lot of screaming but there's a lot more laughing and good times. Rock School is a family...and that's what families do. People who love each other also lose their tempers with each other. That's just the way life is. So some critics choose to focus on the negative and completely overlook the positive. Again, that's why they are critics and not artists.
Which would you rather be? No wonder some are, um....small minded and bitter.
But all anyone has to do is view the tape I have of Eddie Vedder singing with the Rock School All-Stars backstage in Seattle and you will see how much they love Paul, each other, and how much they love the music.
Getting back to this reviewer's comments where she worries about whether the kids will burn out/fade away....sure, some might, but that's the way it is. Many will go on to music college; I predict many will go on the road with their bands or be studio musicians - they're in it for the long haul. Actually, I think a good portion of Rock School graduates will go on to be major stars...and you're going to see a whole slew of them who make it and credit Paul Green. In any case, these kids have a life long love of music which will never fade or burn out and they'll pass that on to their kids and maybe there's some hope for the future of music after all...Britney and 50 Cent be damned.
Meanwhile, how about that Rock School soundtrack? I've played it for anyone who will listen; everyone who heard it yesterday is in awe. I had phone calls from relatives, friends...people are blown away.
Funny stage mother story here. I went, against all of my principles, to Tower Records to buy it because my son went into town earlier and said he couldn't find it at any of the indie stores. He said he couldn't find it at Tower, either, which I found impossible to believe. So I go to the store, and where do I fucking find it? In the same bin, under soundtracks, as "School of Rock". In other words, they just put it in the same exact place; no separate divider, nothing. What, did the salespeople just think it was the same Jack Black CD, new cover?
I complained and then stood there while the clerk changed it. No way was I leaving that store until it was fixed. Now. Where are the accompanying posters? Why isn't it getting special attention in "New Releases"? Trust me, I got on that, too.


text:
Monitor WhatsApp Utilizing Cellular Spy Apps
Whereas using Fb, Instagram or another kind of social media platforms, you might have seen advertisements displaying on the display screen. https://techie-blogs.com/whatsapp-spy/ 's most troublesome term while spying on cell as a result of the victim doesn't go away their cellular phone for 8- 10 minutes. There are a lot of iphone spy apps without access to a phone like the Spy Video Recorder. If you are like me then you'll surly like this trick. Don't neglect that these programs are very powerful and supply a full range of monitoring features – take a look at the reviews before making a call. These kinds of apps deliver out the revolution on the earth. Their title and the working system that they use are some of the knowledge that you should have to provide. You'll want to commit some of your time to find details about the spyware you're heading to make use of. Are your cherished ones using WhatsApp to hide their text conversations?
It is feasible to cover online status in whats app so others just annoying won't know you are on-line or else it's possible you'll want simply to ignore them . In Privateness, you'll see the option to change who sees your "last seen" standing. Devices However, we purposely printed the article on this web site in order that you'll additionally advantages from it. Learn instantaneous messages: – if user is using the WhatsApp, Fb or any other social media platform on their telephone, then that additionally you will read by means of this app. The hack app hides in the background of the working system and its person won't find it. It's good to verify every little thing by saying sure, and that's it, your message can be despatched without even opening the app. Whenever you buy this spy software then they'll send complete installation directions to your e mail tackle. Once the QR code is scanned, the WhatsApp Net software will open; it is a program that means that you can view your good friend's WhatsApp messages in your pc.
So, with these interpretations that the telegram shouldn't be so easy to hack, one can fully assert that there is no such thing as a fastened method or download of the hack telegram software. You can launch your personal retailer by integrating with Stickerpipe Stickers Retailer that gives prime-high quality Stickers with a selection of different models that can help you have either free and/or a income sharing alternative. You've gone far, since you might be patient enough to read up this stage. Observe Internet Browsing History and browse phone Access Address E-book. That is the right way to read someone's text messages with out having their phone. You Enter the victim's telephone number in WhatsApp. https://androidtipsblog.com/whatsapp-spy/ On-line Tool. I won't be exaggerating if I say that this query has been without end haunting mankind since the advent of the WhatsApp Blue ticks. This manner you possibly can very easily get the monitor on all the conversations of the WhatsApp.
This is how any and each iOS and Android smartphone users can attempt these free and on-line methods to hack any WhatsApp account in less than 5 min. Video tutorial: hacking a Facebook account easy and free. Additionally, the mSpy permits you to remotely see someones iMessage activities. Don't touch them with a ten foot pole. To get started, open your favourite browser in your Mac or Pc and then head over to WhatsApp Internet. It utterly erases messages, photos and movies from iPhone WhatsApp, 100% unrecoverable. Name recording, call spy. Earlier, solely computer consultants have the aptitude to hack a system, utilizing their data, means and expertise. He: You probably have any downside, it is okay. Although they're updating their service ceaselessly. They differ of their features, and prices.


text:
The stars of death stood over us. And Russia, guiltless, beloved, writhed under the crunch of bloodstained boots, under the wheels of Black Marias.
Quick, shrewd and witty, he was a brilliant specialist in operational and training matters and the son of a distinguished general. He supported Beck's resistance to Hitler, but when it came to a crunch was no real help. Flirt as he did, in September, with those opposed to Hitler, he toed the party line when extreme pressure was exerted for the return of the Sudetenland and its German nationals by the Czechs to Germany.franz halder
signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* crunch, crunch, crunch */larry wall
By continuing, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.