text:
Pages 135-154
Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 24, 1636-1639. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1923.
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February 1637
Feb. 6.
Senato, Secreta. Deliberazioni. Corti. Venetian Archives.
148. To the Ambassador in England.
No doubt the Court will have received the news that the emperor has given the Prince of Orange the title of Prince of the Empire. Because of this the Most Christian has directed Charnase to give him the title of Highness. We shall be glad to know what they say about this in England, and the views of the king and ministers thereon. (fn. 1) We are pleased at what you have found out about Panzani and Conio, and the very weighty matters in negotiatition. It is desirable that the results should redound to the best advantage of our faith.
Ayes, 135. Noes, 0. Neutral, 6.
Feb. 6.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Inghilterra. Venetian Archives.
149. Anzolo Correr, Venetian Ambassador in England,
to the Doge and Senate.
The secret transactions with the King of Denmark about the question of the superiority at sea which they claim here, seem on the verge of great and almost irreparable disaster, just when they hoped that they were in good train. It was proposed to him that if he could obtain from Caesar the Admiralty general of the Baltic, English ships should honour him as sovereign in that sea, and he should render the same respect to them in the Ocean. Now this has given way before his own interests and his hopes of obtaining greater advantages. They have learned here on good authority that he has asked the emperor for the sovereign Admiralty of the German Ocean as well as the Baltic with the idea of bearing the signs of superiority in both, and without binding himself to any agreement with England. As this directly affects the claims of the crown here, which intends to extend its jurisdiction much beyond the British sea, it has started the most weighty deliberations. They consider in particular that Denmark, no longer listening to a treaty which yet seemed to please her greatly, may claim, upon occasion, to cruise in even the closest of these waters without obstacle. The ministers here regret more than anything that this mischief arises from their own advice, as it was only the incitement from this quarter that awakened the king there to this step, while they thought he would be contented with authority in the Baltic and render submission to the English in the Ocean. Thus where they hoped they had removed the greatest obstacles to the dominion which they claim they have aroused greater difficulties than ever. If they wish to remove this imbroglio it would seem that they have no other expedient than to make representations to the emperor against consenting to what Denmark asks, but the present strained relations with the House of Austria over the Palatine make this an uncertain way, besides which, if they send to oppose what they have already advised, it will be useless for them to devise a request which is likely to bring about a reconciliation.
These circumstances show them that it is more necessary than ever to hasten the equipment of the fleet, and as the Palatine also urges it warmly, one really sees them making the necessary provisions, although they meet with difficulties and disorders in the collection of the imposts. These difficulties increase and incidents occur daily but mostly die away in an instant with no result but the rumbling of the thunder. I shall wait until matters mature in order not to send an account which might prove both wearisome and imperfect. I shall do the same about the interests of religion, as although the material is different, yet they are all going the same way and tend to the same end.
We do not hear that anything has yet been decided at the frequent meetings which are held secretly in many places of the realm about making some acceptable proposals to the king for the assembling of parliament. We certainly hear rumours that something will be settled very soon, lest his Majesty, who is already informed of these practices, cut them short by his authority.
The Secretary Ogier is supposed to have arrived from France, but has not yet appeared at Court. In the mean time the Dutch ambassador repeats his offers on the part of Holland about joining the alliance, and that in the spring they will have fifteen ships and 10,000 men ready, if the crowns are equally prepared and will conclude the alliance, putting into the field against the House of Austria the 75 sail and the 50,000 men who are said to be necessary. To make this clearer to your Excellencies, 20,000 men and 30 ships for each of the crowns and 10,000 men and 15 ships from the States are the respective contributions according to the project. The king and ministers have received this offer with great satisfaction, although it differs in no respect from the original one, and they made very courteous answers to the ambassador ; but if they mean to hold fast by their principle of not breaking with the House of Austria, they will have to break away from concluding it in the end, and they might perhaps have done so definitely already had not the Prince Palatine by his adroitness kept the affair going with both sides. A very long discussion has taken place this week about his affairs, but nothing certain is known about what they have decided, either because this is not settled or because they wish the decision to have the greater effect from being kept absolutely secret. When Oger has made his report and delivered his despatch it is believed that it will be made public.
I have now been only two hours in this city, and although the plague has increased somewhat, yet His Majesty has agreed to give free access to everyone at Court, and so I have decided to stay, if God grants me the preservation of my health.
The courier has been held up this week by contrary winds ; so for a whole month I have received no letters from the state.
London, the 6th February, 1636 [M.V.]
[Italian ; the part in italics deciphered.]
Feb. 11.
Collegio, Secreta. Esposizioni, Principi. Venetian Archives.
150. The Ambassador of Great Britain came into the Collegio
and spoke to the following effect :
Last time I came with congratulations, but I come now because of a most serious offence, which has greatly disturbed me. This morning, near daybreak the sbirri have arrested two men, who were neither outlawed nor condemned in a house adjacent to the apartment where I sleep, the house being in my name, and I pay the rent. The sbirri did not pay the slightest attention to this, but even fired some shots, wounding one of the men. They also beat my gondolier. They could not pretend not to recognise him, as my livery is very well known. (fn. 2) The affront affects the security of my house, the dignity of my office and the honour of my king. I beg your Serenity to intervene, as right and justice require the release of the two arrested, and also to procure for me the punishment of the officials who have shown such temerity. I have always lived with a proper respect for the republic, and have never encouraged outlaws or such folk, and these were not even proclaimed. I have always tried to encourage the good relations between the republic and his Majesty. Your Serenity will therefore appreciate my feelings at being treated thus. His Majesty will have just cause to uphold my position and your Serenity to assure the immunity of my house, otherwise I shall be unable to serve where a minister is so badly treated. But I am sure that you will at once give orders for the release of the two prisoners.
The doge answered, We are sorry that your lordship feels thus. We have always desired you to have every possible satisfaction. We have no information about the affair. It is incredible that the officers have been ordered to go to your house and we feel sure that this has not happened, and that there is no order against your servants. The ambassador replied, My gondolier has certainly been beaten and the two men taken who were in the house which is immediately opposite mine, of which I pay the rent.
The doge said, We have the highest esteem for your lordship, as your merits deserve. We will make enquiry and try to give you every possible satisfaction. The ambassador repeated, I ask for justice ; let the prisoners be released and the offenders punished, so that I may have reason to continue as usual and maintain the good relations existing, as I have always done. Without a word more he took leave and departed.
Feb. 12.
Senato, Secreta. Deliberazioni. Corti. Venetian Archives.
151. That the English Ambassador be summoned to the
Collegio and that the following be read to him :
Our perfect relations with his Majesty have always depended upon our affectionate esteem for him and on our regard for the friendship of that crown for our Republic. We have had the best tokens of this from his ministers, and from your lordship in particular. These sentiments will make you feel the more the incident of which you have spoken as it increases our regret for the displeasure you expressed. But we feel sure that reflection will ease your mind, when you consider the circumstances, the delinquent, the supreme magistrate who acted, who only intervenes in most serious cases, and who knew that the culprit was in that house which was separated from yours by a public way. The case is a very serious one, of high treason in the first degree, which is not usually covered by any immunity or privilege, and so we feel the more certain that you will be satisfied over this very delicate matter. The culprit was taken in the middle of the waters, and in the house in question, out of two men found there, although there was no sign of a livery, the officials let one go, because he said he was one of your servants. We are quite sure that you have never favoured bandits or people of that sort ; but others take advantage of your uprightness and by turning private houses to account they make them asylums for rogues and criminals, and into that very house a man guilty of abominable crimes escaped from one contiguous. We feel sure that your lordship will rest satisfied with this sincere representation of the Senate, knowing that from the love we bear you we shall always be glad to afford you every gratification possible, just as we are sure that you will continue to foster the excellent relations between his Majesty and our republic.
Ayes, 135. Noes, 1. Neutral, 6.
152. To the Ambassador in England.
With every sign of passion the English ambassador appeared yesterday in the Collegio and spoke very strongly, as you will see from the enclosed copy. As we have no information we replied as you will see. We hope that he will rest satisfied, as is only reasonable. If he is not we will keep you advised. Meanwhile the particulars will serve for your information.
Ayes, 135. Noes, 1. Neutral, 6.
Feb. 12.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Costantinopoli. Venetian Archives.
153. Alvise Contarini and Piero Foscarini, Venetian
Baili at Constantinople, to the Doge and Senate.
The English ambassador has recently introduced a very bad precedent. After long negotiations for the release from slavery of the Englishmen who fought on the two galleons against the fleet (fn. 3), he has agreed to pay to the Sultan for each Englishman, two slaves of those ordinarily sold on the market.
The Vigne of Pera, the 12th February, 1636 [M.V.]
[Italian ; deciphered.]
Feb. 12.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Haya. Venetian Archives.
154. Francesco Michiel, Venetian Ambassador at the
Hague, to the Doge and Senate.
The Ambassador Beveren writes that England will not declare herself. The Princess Palatine, seeing her hopes vanish, says that it is not necessary for the king to declare. It will be enough for him to help ; but if the treaties are made with France he will wage open war. It is thought unlikely that England will join with France and these Provinces, as if the Spaniards were expelled from Flanders, the French and Dutch would be stronger and there would, in consequence, be danger of trouble to England owing to disputes both old and recent. So it is to England's advantage for the Spaniards to remain in Flanders to afford a counterpoise to the French and these States. Ferens, the Palatine's Councillor, says that he heard that many of the English ministers told the king that if he would give his fleet to the Spaniards they would obtain complete satisfaction for his nephew. This confirms the fear that the Austrians will go any length to win over England against these Provinces, and it is said that on this condition they are offering the Princess of Florence (fn. 4) † to the Palatine as his wife.
The States of Holland are prorogued until March. They have given orders to assemble several ships of war, ostensibly against the Spanish preparations, but really in order to be prepared for eventualities in the dispute with England over the fishermen.
The Hague, the 12th February, 1636 [M.V.]
Feb. 13.
Senato, Secreta. Deliberazioni. Corti. Venetian Archives.
155. To the Ambassador in England.
Contrary to our expectation the Ambassador Fildin would not accept our explanations and he went so far as to say that he could not come to us again without his Majesty's good pleasure, to whom he would write. We forward a copy of his exposition. We have to add to what we wrote yesterday and which we send by express courier, that the crime set forth in the deliberation of our Council of Ten is one of high treason in the first degree, which admits of no sanctuary, not even in the house of God. The little house where they tried to arrest the man is not joined to the ambassador's, but separated by a wide public way leading to the Grand Canal, as you will see by the enclosed plan. This little house is rented by one Michiel di Cecca, a subject, who was arrested last year by the magistracy of the Biastemma for his bad character and because he kept a resort for gaming and cheating. The ambassador himself, who tried at first for his release, subsequently asked merely for a reduction of his punishment, and this was done, to a year's imprisonment. The same magistracy, last year, had three persons arrested at a house frequented by the people of the Spanish ambassador, as gamesters and card sharpers. These, in spite of the offices of that ambassador, where condemned to the galleys. A few years ago, at San Hieremia, in a house opposite that of another Spanish ambassador, where some of his people were, a man was arrested for a very serious crime and although shots were fired, which hit the door of the ambassador's own residence, yet he did not think it proper to take offence. Many other serious incidents have occurred, and the ambassadors, recognising that their own houses were not affected, as they have always been held in due respect, have conducted themselves according to the circumstances. Thus we have recently learned that the papal nuncio, with due regard for what is proper, had this very criminal expelled from his house, and ordered that he should not enter it again, and that is why he betook himself to this little house and when the officials heard of it they wished to lay hands on him. It would be a serious matter if the servants of ambassadors claimed privilege for separate houses in order to make them a resort for rogues and evil livers.
We gather that the displeasure shown by this Ambassador Fildem was due to his being misinformed ; but though he is disabused, he may represent things to his own advantage. We therefore direct you to see his Majesty on purpose, wherever he may be, and to ask for an audience immediately, in order to forestall this ambassador, assuring the king of our regard and expressing our hope that upon reflection the ambassador will return to enjoy the esteem we have always shown him. You will perform the same office with the ministers, disabusing them of any impressions which he may have conveyed to them out of excessive zeal for his reputation.
Ayes, 110. Noes, 0. Neutral, 0.
Feb. 13.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Inghilterra. Venetian Archives.
156. Anzolo Correr, Venetian Ambassador in England,
to the Doge and Senate.
At length, after many lengthy consultations, the force of reason no less than the king's resolute determination prevailed, and it was decided the day before yesterday with the common consent of the Council that the Prince Palatine shall put to sea with strong forces in the shortest time that the equipment which is destined for him can be suitably made ready. He himself also under his own flag, is to arm twenty two large ships at least, and to go with them in person to carry out those enterprises against his enemies that time and circumstances will show to be most opportune. A part of the ships will be contributed by the king and the rest hired from the merchants to which effect all vessels arriving in the Thames continue to be seized. A portion of the money, they say, will be provided from his Majesty's treasury, and the rest from voluntary contributions which many of the leading lords of the realm have freely offered to the Palatine, including Lord Craven, who promised to put down 30,000l. sterling. This example affords a stimulus to many others to do the like in proportion to their means. Similarly the king has given his subjects liberty not only to contribute arms and money for his nephew, but to accompany him in person. The expedition is to be ready in April. It is generally supposed to be directed against the Spanish homeward bound fleet from the Indies, as a descent upon Flanders would be too hazardous. The chief motives for this resolve are to prove the falsity of the belief of the Spaniards ; the spur of his own reputation ; the affection he owes to his nephew ; vigour to take up the conduct of his cause ; and on the other hand, to maintain amid these contingencies, his liberty of managing his own declarations in regard to current circumstances, causing, one may say, the purse of his subjects alone to bear the burden of all the present difficulties, without exposing himself to the danger of calling parliament.
But as the events of war, in which fortune generally plays so large a part, are subject to a thousand variations and unforeseen accidents, so this game, in spite of its fine appearance, may go on in such a way that it will not terminate as they imagine, without the bulwark of the king's free declaration against the House of Austria, and they may be compelled to encounter those rocks which they avoid so carefully, aggravated by disadvantages which they may not have foreseen, supposing the French, satisfied with the present moves, will not give the final touches to the plans which are formed here for the alliance without a more penetrating and cautious survey. Ogier has only arrived from France this morning, and they hope he has come with instructions about this for its better progress. Indeed it is announced that he brought the ratification signed.
While they would like to work things so that the employment of the fleet should serve the interests of the Palatine as well, they desire and contemplate the "effectuation of this alliance with so much the more ardour. Without it there would seem to be no pretext that would not be a feigned one, for undertaking to harass the ports of Flanders and the plundering of the Dunkirk ships. But if, notwithstanding all these results and this favourable disposition the French absolutely insist in extracting from this first enthusiasm an open declaration against the House of Austria, contending with it over those interests which so closely concern the special needs of the crown, there is no sign of any opening that would afford hope of a ratification although there are many who hold a different opinion.
Gentlemen have been despatched this week to Sweden and Denmark with news of this resolve. They both take letters from the king containing in almost identical terms the communication of the above matters. They also take letters from the Palatine in which he informs those princes that he is about to take the field and asks that they will be with him in the enterprise and give him their assistance. (fn. 5)
They have little or no hope from Denmark, in spite of the kinship, seeing the difficulties that have recently arisen with him about maritime interests, but the step may at least serve to ascertain his real intentions towards this country. They do not claim any profit from Sweden either, only to maintain confidential relations and keep up their courage to press more fearlessly their present advantage against the Imperial arms, as repeated advices arrive that they are in close negotiation for a complete adjustment with Cæesar.
There is also a rumour of the opening of negotiations, which have made great progress, for a marriage between the Queen of Sweden and the Prince Palatine, but I find nothing substantial to bear this out, either in the talk here or in what your Excellencies advise me, as the report seems merely based on some private letters from Germany. The repeated expeditions to that kingdom might encourage the belief if it were not well known from the interest which the Swedes have to keep in a position to have peace, if they cannot get what they want in the war with the emperor, even if it were not true that they are at present negotiating they cannot undertake the direction of a new quarrel of such importance, especially when they cannot feel certain that the assistance promised from this quarter will be as sure and durable as the need will certainly be great and continuous.
Yesterday morning also the Dutch ambassador conferred with the Secretary Coke about the triple alliance, but could get no positive reply, as the secretary referred to whatever may be settled with France. This is resented, as the Dutch consider themselves offended, and practically that they will not on any account be included. This serves to excite great jealousy here, and upon a false rumour set about by the Spaniards that the Dutch have opened negotiations with the Cardinal Infant, to forward their interests in the matter of the fisheries, upon which the ministers here made strong objections, they say that very sharp words passed between some of them and this ambassador, and that both sides passed the bounds of moderaton.
Following the example of the Most Christian they say that the ministers here will grant the title of Highness to the Prince of Orange, in the hope of keeping him as friendly as possible under present circumstances.
The queen came to this city yesterday, brought more by superstition (augurio) than by any other urgent requirement, as she is near her delivery and she imagines that it will not turn out well in any house but St. James's. The plague continues to make itself felt and grows worse rather than better. If it does not disappear before the end of this month, of which there is little sign, since more than a hundred persons still die of it every week, all the physicians agree in making the most lugubrious forecasts for next summer. The rest of the kingdom continues to enjoy excellent health, although communication with the city remains free to every one.
I have the Senate's letter of the 16th ult.
London, the 13th February, 1636 [M.V.]
[Italian ; the part in italics deciphered.]
|Feb. 13. Collegio, Secreta. Esposizioni, Principi. Venetian Archives.
157. Yesterday's deliberation of the Senate being read to
the English Ambassador, he spoke to the following effect :
I wish with all my heart that I could show the content which your Serenity desires, but I cannot, as in what has been read to me I see nothing in the way of satisfaction, only words, when I am bound, for the sake of my king, to ask for deeds, and I see that it will be necessary for me to abandon everything else. The satisfaction of so great a king consists in deeds not in paper, especially as he and his predecessors have always shown so much affection for the republic, deserving of a better response than mere ceremonial. I consider that this affects my king's reputation, because no regard was shown for my house. For myself I might accept the position, but as a minister I cannot but resent the affront, and although I deserve nothing in myself, his Majesty's affection ought to be recognised. The incident occurred where members of my household live, and that is my house, and I have the right to believe that my people ought not to be ill treated. My house ought to be respected and I should enjoy the prerogatives of ambassadors. I am afflicted at such an affront. I find myself deprived at the same time of the opportunity of responding to those marks of honour proposed for the funeral of my dear wife. I can do nothing with pleasure, because it is a question of the violation of my house, affecting me and the honour due to my king. I have nothing to add except that I shall be unable to appear again before your Serenity until I receive fresh orders from my king, to whom I am bound to give a faithful account of the matter. The ambassador then made a movement to rise from his seat.
The doge stopped him and said, The affection of the republic towards his Majesty is very great and we are sure of his for us, as we have had abundant testimony of it. Your lordship knows how much we love and esteem you. You resent the arrest being made in your house. Yet the house is not yours, is separated from yours and has no indication of being an official residence. There was never the slightest intention of affecting your privileges, but rather to preserve them. You should not therefore take offence, and we tell you that the case in question is so grave that we are sure that his Majesty himself will not approve of your sentiments when he knows the facts. If his Majesty had the culprit in his own hands he would hand him over to us, owing to the importance of the crime. The matter is very delicate and wounds the whole republic and the heart of our liberty. Seeing that the well being of the republic is concerned we do not think that he can do anything but approve what has happened, especially as it does not prejudice your lordship's immunity, as it happened in a place separated from your house. We know your prudence and kindness, and ask you to recognise the delicacy of the matter and the requirements of our interests.
The ambassador replied, Such matters are undoubtedly delicate, and ambassadors should accept satisfaction, but in a suitable manner. I do not see that I can move in any way without receiving orders from my king, especially as I do not see that I am receiving any satisfaction. I consider the house mine ; my people lodge there and I keep it for those whom I cannot accommodate in my house, as there are many English gentlemen who come to visit me, and I use that house and others near it to accommodate them. I can but inform his Majesty and await his orders, because no regard was shown for me. I had no advice of what was intended, and they proceeded to inflict this notable affront. Here the ambassador began to get up, and the doge said that was very far from the intention of every one. With this the ambassador bowed and departed. He withdrew to take a copy of the office. Before beginning to write he said, I have never felt anything so much, because it happened in my own house, and I have received the affront. I told him that the doge had expressed all that was proper, but I asked him to reflect and he would see that there was nothing to show that the house was not a private one, and justice had acted in a most serious case as if it were one. The ambassador made no reply and continued to write. When he left as I was accompanying him as usual to the door of the Pregadi, he said, They could have given me some notice, as if I had been notified of the gravity of the case I should have dismissed from my house those whom I had protected. I thought it proper to tell him that the supreme magistrate, who gave the order, merely directs its execution. The ambassador was silent, I bowed to him and he went out.
Christoforo Surian, Secretary.
Feb. 14.
Senato, Secreta. Deliberazioni. Corti. Venetian Archives.
158. To the ambassador in France.
A man guilty of high treason in the highest degree, which aims at destroying justice and the public dignity, was recently arrested by order of the supreme magistrate. He was staying in a small house in the calle larga of San Moise, a public way leading to the Grand Canal. One side is on the water and the other on this public way, opposite the Giustiniani palace, where the English ambassador dwells. The arrest took place on the night of the 12th inst. and on the following morning the ambassador appeared in the Collegio and spoke passionately in accordance with the copy of his office enclosed. The Senate endeavoured to mollify him, but he was not satisfied. To admit such claims would be a serious matter, prejudicial to the public liberty. We send this for information, but you will not speak of it unless provoked.
The like to Germany, Spain, Zurich, the Hague.
Ayes, 130. Noes, 2. Neutral, 0.
Feb. 19.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci Haya. Venetian Archives.
159. Francesco Michiel, Venetian Ambassador at the
Hague, to the Doge and Senate.
The Princess Palatine says she has letters from her brother announcing that he has decided to give a good number of ships to the prince, her son, to use at his pleasure, with permission to his subjects to enter the prince's service. She communicated this to the Prince of Orange, saying she felt sure that the States would support the king and holding out hopes of a settlement of the affair of the fishermen. The Prince thanked her saying he was very glad to hear that England had at last decided to do something for the Palatine and he hoped that the States would afford the best proofs of their satisfaction, if they had some assurance that they would not be troubled by England over the question of the sovereignty of the sea. The Prince informed the States of everything.
The Princess subsequently announced that she believed that Prince Rupert would have an army to proceed to Germany. In this way England would remain neutral, and it seems that the Princess intimates that the Palatine will have full liberty to wage war in the Spanish seas, but not off Flanders, because England does not want to lose the trade there, which is so profitable at present. The Court here, however, does not believe that England will do anything of account, as there are no letters to confirm the statements of the Princess. Many say that it will all end in nothing, or the decision will be violently against the advice of ministers and contrary to the sentiments of the king himself. They also think that the Austrians will find some way of upsetting the whole before the fleet is sent to sea.
The Hague, the 19th February, 1636 [M.V.]
Feb. 20.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Inghilterra. Venetian Archives.
160. Anzolo Correr. Venetian Ambassador in England,
to the Doge and Senate.
The Palgrave sent one of his gentlemen to tell me of the decision taken by the king and asking me to inform your Excellencies. He mentioned that he was preparing a protest against the peace of Prague and the election of the King of the Romans. Such are the resolves announced. We are waiting to see the results begin. So far the only sure signs are the readiness of the leading nobles to contribute large sums of money, and a strong desire on the part of the idle youth to follow the Palatine's fortunes. The protest is to appear in a few days as they think it better to delay threats until those who make them have arms in their hands. They hope that the readiness shown by the people will continue, because all, intent on making the king need a parliament, will try to commit him by this means to a war from which he cannot withdraw. But his Majesty's plans are known to be different, as he will on no account declare himself the enemy of the House of Austria, but insists that everything that he contributes against it shall be covered under the name of his nephew.
Meanwhile the Spaniards cry aloud, saying that they will not obtain by force what they have not been able to get by negotiation, and the Ambassador Ognat has clearly protested to more than one of the ministers here that if the king thinks of making war himself on the House of Austria under the Palatine's shadow, he will make a mistake in the end, because they will prefer, if they are to have him as an enemy, that he shall be an open one. But these alarms are probably intended to frighten more than to hurt, as one knows that in the midst of all the embarrassments which are preparing for them, the Spaniards will rest content with not utterly losing the commerce with this kingdom. This however, will be a difficult point as they say that the Palatine will be able to search even English ships, and if he finds the goods of Spaniards can convert them to his own use. Yet if this takes place the hurt to the king will be very sensible, as the profit which he derives from the customs amounts to a considerable sum.
With regard to the particular enterprises which they propose to carry out with these forces, there has been a great deal of discussion, but nothing definite has yet been decided. It is possible that everything will receive its impulse from the arrangements which will be concerted with France once the question of the alliance with that crown is settled. The articles have already been signed entire by the French and by the ambassadors of his Majesty also, but with reservation of two points which are still doubtful. It is believed, and the Secretary Coke assures me of it, that all will be settled in a few days, the French having abandoned the pretensions they sustained with such ardour about an open declaration of this crown against the House of Austria, about which they seemed to show most reluctance here. However the Earl of Arundel assured me this morning that the king personally was very disposed to the rupture. He did not cease to advise it with all his might, believing on his conscience that it served the dignity and advantage of this crown more to undertake an open war, where there was such good reason, than to take simultaneously to arms and dissimulation, leaving the Spaniards always in hope of arranging an accommodation with advantage and encouraging them at the same time to make difficulties in the conduct of the negotiations for a general peace. When I remarked that from what I heard the king and Council all agreed in working vigorously for the Palatine, but not in committing themselves to an open war, he instantly averred positively that the king's disposition was as he had told me, and I might be sure of seeing the results greater than were expected and than the French could believe. He really has become a partisan in this cause, pretending that his reputation is concerned, and one can really believe that his representations and persuasions will ultimately produce considerable results.
Two points remain in dispute at Paris by the English ambassadors. These are supposed to be one about granting the free practice of the Catholic religion in some place in the Palatinate, the other that if the French have the opportunity to arrange a good peace, and if the Palatine shall have received satisfaction in the recovery of his dominions, they shall not stick out here if the restitution of the electoral dignity is not arranged during Bavaria's life. But these points and the decision about the whole business should be cleared up in a few days, as Ogier is staying here to be sent back for the conclusion in France. The majority of the ministers here, perhaps accommodating themselves more to the requirements of present emergencies than from their own natural inclination, now show themselves entirely French in sympathy maintaining by their speech at every meeting that it is not good for the safety and repose of the state to allow the might and influence of the House of Austria to be always on the increase, but that it is the interest of all Christian princes to try and maintain it in a just equilibrium. Some of them have expressed themselves to me very clearly on the subject, and among others the Secretary Cuch. He told me with great fervour that the king regretted exceedingly that the affairs of the Duke of Parma were reduced to such a sorry plight. (fn. 6) It was the interest of Italian powers in particular to assist him without delay ; the succour of the French was too far off and the needs of the duke were too pressing and immediate. He betrayed some jealousy, although he did not wish to let me see it clearly, because your Excellencies have appointed an ambassador in ordinary to the emperor. As this feeling is not confined to him alone I have thought it advisable to make the Court clearly understand the reason, and I have done so in a way that will, I hope, disabuse their minds and leave them content.
I find that they think very little about the marriage between the Prince Palatine and the young Queen of Sweden and expect it less. Yet I have been told in great confidence that the gentleman recently sent to Sweden (fn. 7) is to make some overtures about it and sound the Swedish ministers. This gentleman, who was sent to announce the recent resolves in favour of the Palatine, was also to propose a league with Sweden, and if he found them favourably disposed to ask for the appointment of commissioners for this purpose to confer with the ambassadors who would be sent with a talk of monthly subsidies to be paid to Sweden, and certain regiments for Prince Rupert at the suggestion of Oxenstern, who observes that if they give ear to peace negotiations with Cæsar, England should not object because during all this time they have never cared to afford any effective assistance to the forces of that crown, however depressed their condition might be. If this treaty succeeds they will apply to the Prince of Orange to obtain troops from the States, with a promise that here they will not fail to support the Swedes with force enough to trouble the empire considerably from that quarter.
Meanwhile Colonel Goring, (fn. 8) in the king's name, is to honour that prince with the title of Highness, and is also to express regret that the Most Christian has not also accorded him this honour. The Secretary Coke told me the same, remarking that the Duke of Savoy had started every prince in unsheathing new pretensions to titles, and he still persisted in importuning this Court for that of royal Highness. I asked if the duke had made any new attempts, by whom and when. He said the resident had spoken about it a few days ago when he heard of the new title for the Prince of Orange, but he had not chosen to speak about it to the king because he had expressed his sentiments very clearly before and it would be waste of time to worry him again. I commended his ideas and remarked briefly, without entering into any particulars that the duke had no grounds whatever for his pretensions to which he agreed, assuring me that this Court would not initiate any innovation in the matter.
The king with the whole Court has at last decided to come to this city, where they are preparing to celebrate the carnival merrily. To add another cause of rejoicing to that, he urges on the conclusion of the marriage between the Duke of Lennox and the daughter of the late Duke of Buckingham, but the duke does not seem to desire it greatly, as it seems that his affections rather lead him towards the widowed Countess of Carlisle. (fn. 9)
I am waiting for the Ambassador Ognat to make some sign, but so far there is no indication of it.
London, the 20th February, 1636 [M.V.]
[Italian ; the part in italics deciphered.]
161. Anzolo Correr, Venetian Ambassador in England, to
the Doge and Senate.
The pope's minister here, after having passed his sixth month at this Court without visiting me, came full of humility and friendliness to offer his excuses, assuring me that the only thing which prevented him from doing his duty was the distance between our dwellings, but now he was living near me he wished to show me the good will and friendship which he had always enjoyed with your Serenity's ministers, corresponding with the perfect friendship of his Holiness for the most serene republic. I made a suitable response especially commending his efforts for the advance of the Roman faith in this kingdom.
He then began of his own accord to speak of the affairs of Italy, bewailing the state of the Duke of Parma and going on to refer to the differences between your Excellencies and his Holiness. He said that Cardinal Barberino regretted that the pope had given offence to the republic over the eulogy, (fn. 10) but thought that this did not matter so much since the pictures represented the story. He asked me if I had anything further to communicate on the subject. I spoke strongly, adding that your Excellencies desired above all things to maintain good relations with the pope. I had no information about any negotiations for an accommodation, though it would be easy, as the mere restitution of the words effaced would effect it. He merely shrugged his shoulders and said that he was in no position to pronounce an opinion. We then let the matter drop.
With other information which I possessed I began to speak about his transactions, commending some particulars which were not very well known to me in order to find out better about them, making him believe that I had the most precise information. This expedient served its turn, because I found out that they are treating closely about opening trade freely to English ships in the ports of the States of the Church, promising absolutely that the sailors and merchants who go there for this shall not be molested on the score of religion. I consider this worthy of your Excellencies' consideration, because of the possible consequences. However, nothing is established yet, because I gather that they wish here that at the very outset it shall be declared at Rome that if any English merchant, for the better conduct of his business, wishes to set up house in any city or other place subject to the pope's jurisdiction, he may do so freely and live in accordance with the rites of his faith. They consider this point rather too scandalous at Rome and it is not likely that they will concede it readily. However here, if they cannot obtain this they will rest content with the opening for trade only, under the forms indicated, in the hope of considerable profit in the course of time.
With respect to the oath of allegiance, about which there has been so much discussion on one side and the other, in spite of the opposition reported, I find that this minister has already obtained a verbal declaration from his Majesty stating that in the oath of fealty which he claims from his Catholic subjects he does not intend to derogate in any manner from the pontifical authority. They are not satisfied with this at Rome but press for the cancelling the words in the oath which clearly attack the papal authority. This will render a settlement impossible, because the decree originated with parliament and the king cannot alter or modify it without the consent of that body.
Meanwhile they do not fail with dexterity and every possible art to insinuate into the minds of the leading men of the church here the belief and observance of the Catholic institutions. M. di Peron, grand almoner of the queen devotes himself to this with an ardour which almost goes beyond the bounds of his natural courage. Since he obtained the bishopric of Angouleme he has laid aside circumspection and his past fears and seems to have openly undertaken not only the protection of the Catholics, but the increase of the Roman Catholic faith in every direction. He no longer has any scruple about frequenting openly the houses of the Protestants, and when there he takes the opportunity to dispute with them and with the women in particular, and to try and make converts. He assembles bishops, curates and all sorts of ecclesiastical persons in his own house secretly, and there, in company with Father Philip, the queen's confessor, they hold almost incessant disputes and conferences. By means of argument and persuasion no less than by offers of great rewards they try to win souls for the Catholic party, and I know that to one of the bishops here, besides other honours and benefices, he has offered the dignity of the Cardinalate expressly on behalf of the pope, if he will make open profession of his belief in the Roman Church.
All these inducements, united to a favourable disposition in men's minds would certainly produce a great effect, if the certainty of losing their present goods for the mere hope of obtaining greater ones did not make them hesitate. Yet Coneo hopes that these methods wil in the end bring matters near to the state that is desired, and he therefore tries to keep up the interest of M. di Peron and Father Philip as much as he can, giving them almost certain hope that in consideration of the great merit which they are acquiring with the Holy See by means of such labours and perils, his Holiness will reward them with the honour of the Cardinalate. This inspires them greatly, especially the grand almoner, who considers that he ought to arrive there easily, owing to the memory of the late Cardinal di Peron, his uncle, who was considered well deserving by the Church, and his own operations in this kingdom. Perchance this is the chief impulse which makes them both so diligent, because they certainly do not do so without some danger of upsetting their present fortune. They even use every means that seems appropriate to win over the prince's tutor. (fn. 11) As the prince is of tender age and not capable of properly understanding any argument, they cannot presume to make great progress with him, but as the enterprise is of the utmost importance, it is necessary to spread the foundations widely, if one wishes to erect a fabric of the solidity desired. The same procedure is adopted with the young children of the late Duke of Buckingham. His Majesty had them taken away from their mother and brought up with the little prince, because the duchess being a Catholic, his Majesty declared that he did not wish her to have the control.
Such are the present manœuvres of the Court of Rome with this nation, in the hope that time will bring about great changes. They build above all on the king's connivance, which they do not expect to diminish, because of his deep affection for the queen ; and on the other hand they believe in the success of their designs owing to what they understand of the friendly disposition towards the Catholic faith of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who now governs everything. But although they may possibly rely confidently on the royal connivance, yet they ought not to be so sure of the archbishop, because his aim is to destroy the party of the Puritans and not to increase the number of Catholics, so it is clear that if he succeeds in humbling the one, he will subsequently be the most bitter enemy of the other, in his own interest. We must hope, however, that the favour of God, which has caused the present favourable state of affairs to arise, will also bring them to a position which our speculations are unequal to penetrate.
London, the 20th February, 1637.
[Italian ; the part in italics deciphered.]
162. Anzolo Correr, Venetian Ambassador in England,
to the Doge and Senate.
After I had sealed the foregoing a cavalier who is very intimate with me brought me the protest of the Prince Palatine. It has been printed to-day, and as I wish it to reach your Serenity as soon as possible I enclose it herewith. I hope later to have one signed by the Palatine himself, and I reserve for another time the comment on the matter.
This same gentleman showed me a letter written to him by the Ambassador Fildin telling him of the appointment of Sig. Grimani as ordinary ambassador to Cæsar, and stating that the imperial ministers are to give him the same treatment as they give to the ambassadors of crowned heads. This person, in his desire to serve the republic, showed this letter to the Count Ognat, and suggested to him that he should embrace this opportunity of opening relations with me. Ognat replied that he could not persuade himself that the Count della Rocca would treat the ministers of your Serenity with this new title and prerogatives. No information had reached him on the subject and he could do nothing without precise orders from his own Court.
London, the 20th February, 1637.
163. Protest of Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine of the Rhine,
etc. against Cæsar's translation of his Electorate, the irregular
election of the King of the Romans, and against the usurpation
and spoliation of the Duke of Bavaria.
Dated at Hampton Court the 27th January, 1637 (fn. 12).
[Latin ; printed.]
Feb. 26.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Haya. Venetian Archives.
164. Francesco Michiel, Venetian Ambassador at the
Hague, to the Doge and Senate.
The Ambassador Beveren confirms the announcement of the Princess Palatine. The English Resident says that his king has sent to urge Sweden and Denmark to co-operate, and he feels sure that these Provinces will also assist. He has not yet received an answer. He has published a protest made by Teller against the peace of Prague and the election of the king of the Romans. It is not thought that the war can last as long as will be necessary, since the king has no money and he will not recognise parliament. They do not think that the Palatine will get it from the people, as if they contribute it will only be for once and not until the end of the war. The fears of the Austrians will then vanish and the Palatine will be obliged to return without effecting anything.
The Hague, the 26th February, 1636. [M.V.]
Feb. 27.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Inghilterra. Venetian Archives.
165. Anzolo Correr, Venetian Ambassador in England,
to the Doge and Senate.
Last Monday I happened to be in the queen's chamber, where I sometimes go to attend on her, as the French ambassadors are accustomed to do. There I met the Prince Palatine, whom I thanked for the communications made to me. I did not give him the title of elector, but simply Highness, as the French ambassadors do. The Palatine does not resent this and seemed very pleased at the meeting, expressing the hope that he had the good wishes of the Signory. I assured him of this and that at the congress at Cologne you would do all in your power to forward the interests of his House with the same good will as was shown to his father on former occasions. We then entered upon a more familiar conversation. He asked me many particulars about Italy ; and how many troops your Excellencies maintain on the mainland. I told him as much as I thought proper and he promised to communicate to me matters concerning his interests.
Meanwhile I have received information that they are making provision of ships while private persons are contributing equipment and munitions to arm them speedily, but they have not decided upon what to do. It is not thought that the Palatine will sail with it, because the articles of the alliance with France have been changed in great measure, and he will be bound to join their naval force with some twenty galleons, and they say the king will provide him with that number for the purpose. Yet Ogger has not been despatched with the stipulation of the treaty, although all the ministers here declare that everything is adjusted, and that the French will have greater satisfaction than they have received. But the greater point does not contain great substance. So far as I can find out the chief one is that with the Most Christian undertaking to maintain the war with the House of Austria until the recovery of the Palatinate and until the assurance that the electoral vote will fall to the Palatine, at least after the death of the present Duke of Bavaria, England on her part must contribute to the Palatine the number of ships aforesaid and undertake that if, within a certain time, the affairs are not settled, either by way of arms or by that of negotiation, to the mutual satisfaction of the parties, she also will break with the House of Austria and wage open war. But nothing is said about guarding the coasts of France, the article already openly rejected by the Most Christian.
Such a very close alliance is not universally credited ; but reason in every case must prevail over opinion, which on most occasions is prejudiced and partial, while the length of the story will weary the pens that write it, as well as try the patience of those who hear its variations. I know that they are still very suspicious at Court that a league with the House of Austria may not have been arranged in France at this time, and that they wish to cast the whole burden of these proceedings on them here. This is perhaps the sole reason why they have not despatched Ogger yet, as they wish to have the fullest information before committing themselves to the treaties.
The Ambassador Ognate keeps up his clamour, and goes about everywhere saying that his master does not want masked enemies, but will know how to make a breach, and, if necessary, can easily maintain war with England. They have told him, if he has orders to speak in this fashion, to produce them in writing, and they will reply, but if not, he will do better to wait for instructions before he speaks so strongly. These words may have dashed him, as he has already stated with sufficient clearness that he does not mean to take up his pen about this. The Emperor's minister also gives utterance to resentful protests, but they pay as little attention to them as to the others, and instead of slackening the effects of their recent deliberation they rather give them ardour, as the king is piqued at such outspokenness to his face.
While the royal ministers are busy over the collection of the tax for arming the ships and the people, fortified by the authority of the grandees, refuse to pay, his Majesty has got the judges, who are all in this city at present for the sessions, to examine and decide if he has the power, without infringing the fundamental laws of the realm, to lay impositions and taxes on his subjects for use where the advantage and reputation of the crown are concerned. They all met the day before yesterday in the public palace of Westminster, and after the cause had been carefully ventilated (sottilmente ventillata) pronounced in a public document, signed by each of them, that the king, for the defence of the realm and other grave emergencies, for the welfare of the same, has unfettered power to lay taxes on his people at his pleasure, without it being necessary for him to render account to parliament of the necessity which at any time may compel him to such a decision, as he and his conscience must be the sole judges, and he is not bound to render account of his plans or of interests of state to any of his subjects.
This document was immediately published, registered in the royal Chancery and sent to all the officials in the provinces, to have the same done in their districts, those concerned having orders to put it into execution. Your Excellencies can easily understand the great consequences involved in this decision, as at one stroke it roots out for ever the meeting of parliament, and renders the king absolute and sovereign. The length at which this has been treated renders it the more sensible and heavy to those who could never have foreseen the blow, and has created such consternation and disorder that one cannot judge what the outcome will be. If the people submit to this present prejudice, they are submitting to an eternal yoke and burying their past liberties, which will remain a memory only. Thus everyone awaits with curiosity to see the issue, as it is known that in times past it would have aroused irreconcilable revolt, But just now, through the enjoyment of a long peace, this nation has almost lost the memory of war, and is more inclined to comfort and the softness of ease than to the discomforts of arms, and so it is probable that this decree will only meet with verbal opposition, and when they are tired of that, they will be forced to admit and approve it. Thus finally the goal will be reached for which the king has been labouring so long, and the predictions verified of those who always imputed his hanging back in the past in matters which seemed to call for vigorous resolution, to schemes for something greater (et con cio riddotti a fine quei disegni che nell' animo del Re si sono andati tanto tempo travagliando e verificati i vaticinii di quelli che hanno sempre imputata la retiratezza passata del medesimo in cio pareva lo pressasse a vigorose risolutioni, a machinationi di cose maggiori.)
It now remains to be seen, as they announce here, that the results correspond to their forces, as the very serious emergencies of the present times compel them to begin to make use of them.
I have received a copy of the Palatine's protest signed with his own hand which I enclose. One of his Highnesses's councillors, who gave it to me yesterday, told me that he had not sent a letter with it to your Serenity for lack of time. But I know that it was sent because he was aggrieved that he had not received a reply to his first letter, which I forwarded to your Serenity. I should be glad to have your Excellencies' views upon this subject. I have just received the Senate's despatches of the 31st January and the 6th inst.
London, the 27th February, 1636 [M.V.]
[Italian ; the part in italics deciphered.]
166. Signed Copy of the Palatine's protest.
Feb. 28.
Senato, Secreta. Dispacci, Spagna. Venetian Archives.
167. Giovanni Giustinian, Venetian Ambassador in Spain
to the Doge and Senate.
The English ambassador has performed the most vigorous offices to obtain the reopening of trade between the city of London and these realms, which has been forbidden because of the plague, but has not met with any success. He makes known his resentment as something beyond usual. In the present suspicion of that crown the ministers here have given up the practice of sending money to Flanders by that route, and it is now all sent to Italy.
Madrid, the last day of February, 1637.
[Italian.] Copy.


text:
ISO 27005 Risk Manager Certification
Lausanne, Switzerland
14 - 15th March / 3 - 4th June
This three-day intensive course allows participants to develop the competence to master the basic risk management elements related to all assets of relevance for information security using the ISO/IEC 27005:2011 standard as a reference framework. Based on practical exercises and case studies, participants acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to perform an optimal information security risk assessment and manage risks in time by being familiar with their life cycle.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I've linked to this Adam's Answers once before, but I'm beginning to be concerned that this series isn't getting the amount of views it deserves. This guy is putting a lot of work into these videos, and deserves more. (I'm biased, of course, because he's an old friend from the high school and college days. But still...)
Link, share, subscribe, retweet... Do whatever you can to help this Youtube channel grow.
Shanghai Disneyland: Copying the 3 Ginger Sisters trip! // Adam's Answers
Saturday, February 10, 2018
2 comments:
- Whisky Prajer said...
Fun. It's hard to tell with just the video, but my impression is Shanghai Disneyland is more spread out than the American parks - do you know if that is so?
- February 11, 2018 at 7:09 AM
- Joel Swagman said...
Hi Whisky. You know, I've never been to Shanghai. So your guess is as good as mine. It kind of looks like it, though, doesn't it?
- February 12, 2018 at 8:47 PM
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text:
Cytomax Performance Mixes
When an athlete's blood glucose level dips too low, a condition called "bonking" can occur, negatively affecting the athlete's performance. Due to my lack of natural reserves (beer fat), I have been on the lookout for an aid against dirt bike-related bonks for some time now. Earlier this year, off-road nice guy Destry Abbott saw me tossing my cookies at the DR 24-Hour, and he advised me to try out some products from his longtime sponsor, Cytosport.Cytosport hooked me up with its three-step supplement process consisting of Pre-Formance, Energy and Recovery. All three come in powder form and should be mixed with water or milk. The first, Pre-Formance, retails at $33.95 for a 3.08-pound jar. It is designed as a meal replacement, and the company claims it sustains energy and improves oxygen delivery while containing less than 2 percent of sugar and fat, priming your body for the workout ahead. The Cytomax Energy mix runs $21.50 for 1.5 pounds, and it provides steady energy (no bonking) and electrolytes to the body during a workout. The Recovery mix ($39.95 for 2.48 pounds) takes advantage of the one-hour recovery window that opens immediately after a workout to replace lost nutrients and reduce soreness.I was a little skeptical at first, but it only took one big ride to realize this stuff works really well for me. The Pre-Formance is a great alternative to a choked-down breakfast, and the chocolate-flavored mix actually tastes pretty decent with cold water. The Energy mix isn't bad either, as it provides a good alternative to sugary-tasting sports drinks and caffeine-laced energy drinks, though I ended up leaning out the recommended mixture on this one due to taste preference. The Recovery phase is difficult to mix and the vanilla flavoring tastes a little chalky at first, but the stuff absolutely improved my recovery after a few of Uncle Jimmy's death rides. Worth its weight in gold for multiday trail rides and motos, I have made it a habit to keep a baggie of Recovery in my gear bag. After three months of using the Cytomax trio for moto and training, I am convinced of the benefits of this product. It may be a hassle to be constantly mixing drinks-and the $100 investment is a lot steeper than stocking Gatorade-but I feel better, can ride harder and haven't bonked once since I started using Cytomax. That makes me a believer. -Chris Denison


text:
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text:
Coelophysis (pronounced SEL-oh-FY-sis or SEE-low-FY-sis) is an extinct genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 203 to 196 million years ago during the latter part of the Triassic Period in what is now the southwestern United States. It could grow about 3 meters (9 ft) long and 1 meter (3 ft) tall.
It is one of the earliest known dinosaur genera and the fossil record shows that while it lived during the Triassic, it was also present in the Early Jurassic Period. The type species, C. bauri, was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1889, during what was known as the Bone Wars.
It is the official state fossil of New Mexico.
The Land Before Time Franchise
Coelophysis appears quite briefly in The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze, during the opening of the film. The Coelophysis accidentally wakes up a Sharptooth by running over its snout, and is then attacked by the larger predator. However, it luckily escapes the peril and is not seen again.


text:
The Heat
2013 Comedy/Action Rated R 117 Minutes
|In Theaters
|June 28, 2013
|On 4K UHD
|Not Available
|On Blu-ray
|October 15, 2013
|On DVD
|October 15, 2013
Principal Cast
Uptight FBI Special Agent Sarah Ashburn (Sandra Bullock) and foul-mouthed Boston cop Shannon Mullins (Melissa McCarthy) couldn't be more incompatible. But when they join forces to bring down a ruthless drug lord, they become the last thing anyone expected: buddies.
Rated R for pervasive language, strong crude content and some violence.
Box office gross: $159.5 million. View box office history.
Released by 20th Century Studios. See more credits.


text:
Prep: 10 minutes; Cook: 1 minute; Total time: 11 minutes.
Cucumbers are veggies with high-water content, so they can help you feel fuller, longer.
Recipe Is:
How to Make It
Step 1
In a small skillet, heat oil over medium heat; add cumin and garlic. Cook, stirring, for 1 minute until toasted and fragrant; set cumin oil aside to cool completely.
Step 2
Stir together cucumber, 1/4 cup walnuts, lemon juice, yogurt, salt, and pepper. Stir in cumin oil and top with additional 2 tablespoons walnuts.


text:
|6 Minutes 17 Second
|Published on
|13 April 2013
Passion feat. Chris Tomlin performing "How Great Is Our God (World Edition)
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The splendor of the King, clothed in majesty
Let all the earth rejoice
All the earth rejoice
He wraps himself in Light, and darkness tries to hide
And trembles at His voice
Trembles at His voice
How great is our God, sing with me
How great is our God, and all will see
How great, how great is our God
Age to age He stands
And time is in His hands
Beginning and the end
Beginning and the end
The Godhead Three in One
Father Spirit Son
The Lion and the Lamb
The Lion and the Lamb
Name above all names
Worthy of our praise
My heart will sing
How great is our God
How great is our God, sing with me
How great is our God, and all will see
How great, how great is our God
Passion exists to glorify God by uniting students in worship, prayer, and justice for spiritual awakening in this generation. Passion has encountered millions of students and 18-25 year olds, young people whose lives have been transformed by the power of the Holy Spirit. One of the most impactful and stirring aspects of the movement has been the sea of voices uniting together to lift up the name of Jesus, currently helmed by Kristian Stanfill, Brett Younker and Melodie Malone. The band as seen worship leaders such as Chris Tomlin, Matt Redman, Crowder, Christy Nockels, and more unite over the years, writing, recording and leading arenas in worship. Transcending the conferences, songs from Passion have become some of the most recognizable and unforgettable worship anthems of this generation. With more than 1.8 million units sold and a multitude of chart topping singles such as "How Great Is Our God," "One Thing Remains," "Even so Come," and "10,000 Reasons (Bless the Lord)," listeners across the world continue to be impacted by the music of Passion. Songs from Passion such as Even so Come, Salvation's Tide Is Rising, and Worthy of Your Name have become timeless staples in the Church. The four time Dove Award winners have had seven albums debut at No. 1 on Billboard's Christian Albums Chart with two hitting the Top 5 on the Billboard 200. Through it all, Jesus continues to remain at the center.
Music video by Passion performing How Great Is Our God (World Edition) [feat. Chris Tomlin]. (P) (C) 2012 sixstepsrecords/Sparrow Records. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by EMI Christian Music Group,
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Commercial Kitchen Gas Safety Tips
Gas Safety Week runs from the 16th to the 22nd September 2019, with the goal of raising the public's awareness about the dangers of unsafe gas work. It's also a great time for caterers to review their kitchen gas safety procedures. Here are our top commercial kitchen gas safety to help keep your business compliant.
Don't use domestic kitchen equipment
Domestic kitchen appliances won't be able to cope with the demand that a commercial restaurant, café or catering establishment faces – this means that they'll be susceptible to frequent (and expensive) breakdowns, which could in turn affect their ability to operate safely.
This doesn't mean that you're in the clear if you only use commercial equipment – you'll still need an annual commercial kitchen Gas Safety check – but by ditching the domestic appliances, you'll have the right tools for the job. You should also ensure that commercial equipment has a CE marking plate, which proves that it meets UK and European safety directives.
This pub company was fined £25,000 for gas safety breaches >>
Make sure your equipment has an isolation valve
An emergency isolation valve will cut the flow of gas to your equipment if something goes wrong, and you and your employees should be trained in how to use it. Any equipment that uses LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) must have a flame failure device (FFD) fitted as well. If the FFD does not detect a flame in your equipment, it will not allow gas to be released - which can help to prevent deadly gas leaks.
Keep your commercial kitchen clean and well-ventilated
Cooking in a commercial kitchen can generate quite a lot of grease, oils and fats, all of which can build up on surfaces, oven hobs, fryers and other pieces of equipment – including ventilation units. By keeping your kitchen clean and scheduling deep cleans of your ventilation units and ductwork, you can minimise the risk of your gas-burning equipment sparking a fire.
Install a commercial carbon monoxide detector
Fires and explosions aren't the only risks associated with gas-burning catering equipment; your kitchen could also be generating dangerous levels of carbon monoxide, an odourless, colourless gas that can quickly cause serious illness or even death. A commercial carbon monoxide detector will have better detection capabilities than a domestic model, and many will be linked to a system which shuts off the gas supply if CO2 levels exceed a pre-determined threshold. This is typically 2800ppm or higher, though commercial detectors can often be set to react to any level of CO2.
Get your equipment checked at least once a year
Make sure that you have all gas appliances in your kitchen checked at least once a year by a Gas Safe-registered engineer who is qualified to carry out work on catering equipment. Make sure that you check their ID card when they visit your premises – you can then cross-check this information with the online Gas Safe Register. Our highly trained gas engineers will assess your equipment and issue you with a certificate that tells you about any of the work they've carried out.
Commercial Catering Gas Safety – All Year Round
Gas safety should play a major role in the risk assessments you carry out in your commercial kitchen. It's not just about legal compliance – it's about protecting your premises and your people.
Click here to download a free guide to commercial gas safety.


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MARIETTA, Ga., Oct. 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ — MiMedx Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDXG), a leading developer and marketer of regenerative and therapeutic biologics, today announced that five poster abstracts highlighting studies on the Company's EpiFix® dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane (dHACM) allograft and EpiCord® dehydrated human umbilical cord (dHUC) allograft will be presented at the 2018 Symposium on Advanced Wound Care Fall (SAWC Fall) at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. The SAWC, now in its 31st year, is the official meeting for members of The Association for the Advancement of Wound Care and the leading national wound healing conference.
The conference begins Friday, November 2nd and concludes on Sunday, November 4th. MiMedx will be exhibiting in booth #207 during all booth times throughout the three-day meeting.
MiMedx will also sponsor a Breakfast Symposium entitled, "PURION® Processed Placental Based Allografts – The Use of Bioactive Tissue Matrices in the Treatment of Wounds," on Friday, November 2nd, from 7:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. The presenters during the breakfast symposium will include:
- Michelle Massee, Manager of Biomedical Research, MiMedx
- William Tettelbach, MD, Associate Chief Medical Officer, MiMedx
- James Stavosky, DPM


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Price: $9.95
Quantity: 1 available
Book Condition: Very Good
Reference work on Military Models. 192pp, over 240 full-color illustrations.Bright copy with a sound binding. A little shelf-wear to cloth on bottom edge. Dustjacket is clean and bright with a small amount of top-edge wear.
Title: The Encyclopedia of Military Modeling
Categories: Antiques & Collecting, Military History, Hobbies, Crafts & Games,
Edition: First Edition
Publisher: London, Octopus Books: 1981
ISBN Number: 0-7064-1241-9
ISBN Number 13: 9780706412413
Binding: Cloth
Book Condition: Very Good
Jacket Condition: Very Good
Size: Folio - over 12" - 15" tall
Weight: 1.00 Item
Seller ID: 10951
Keywords: Soldiets, Toys, Models, Military


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Ohinemuri Regional History Journal 52, September 2008
The Hauraki District Council is to be commended for making progress in identifying its district's heritage buildings and sites and registering them on its District Plan.
When changes were made to the Local Government Act in 2002 one significant inclusion was the direction to the local territorial authorities that they must, under their district plans, register and preserve the history and heritage of their respective areas.
These issues have always been at the bottom of the councils' priority schedules, especially when it came to spending money, no matter how little. It was always considered that there were more important items on which to spend the ratepayers' funds than preserving the districts' history.
The Hauraki District Council engaged Opus Consultants to prepare a schedule of buildings and sites in the three wards, Waihi, Paeroa and Plains, which meet the requirements of the Act. Unfortunately those who prepared the report did not have even a reasonable knowledge of the districts they were reporting on. The only local consultation was after the original report was received and then only briefly. A further detailed report identifying 78 sites in the Paeroa ward was prepared but there are numerous inaccuracies. In fact the Paeroa section will require considerable alterations.
Had the consultants met with local people, who had a good knowledge of their respective wards, more accurate records would have been compiled and much better value for money received. It has now been left to the "locals" to produce a more accurate record of the heritage buildings and sites in their respective wards. This is now a time consuming task for busy volunteers.
In my research of the history of the Paeroa Ward, it has become quite apparent that district heritage sites must be recorded to have some control on their "safety" for the benefit of generations to come. Sure there is the New Zealand Historic Places Trust which does take care of things historic, but its regulations for acceptance, on going use and maintenance limits its involvement in the numerous district sites.
There are two sites among the many in Paeroa that come to mind from my research work being done at present.
The first is the Stone of Peace and flag pole erected on the apex of Tuikairangi Hill (Primrose) to commemorate the end of the Boer War and the coronation of King Edward VII. This memorial was unveiled on August 2, 1902. The large stone was set on concrete with a time capsule inserted. The Coronation Memorial flag pole, complete with cross-arm, was erected from which the Union Jack and later the New Zealand flag was flown on official occasions. Local dignitaries planted trees around the site. The flag pole was taken down in 1921 for some repairs and re-erected. All that remains today is a buried concrete base with the flag pole hole.
On September 26, 1946, just after the Second World War, the Paeroa District High School planted a grove of 12 trees near the Te Aroha Road frontage as a memorial to those past pupils who paid the supreme sacrifice for their country. There was one tree from each country in which the New Zealanders were involved in conflicts. With the changing of the name to Paeroa College and its progressive expansion, the grove was cut down. There are former pupils today who can remember the grove and the commemoration ceremony.
Over the past years there have been historic buildings and sites destroyed in the Hauraki District in the name of progress. As the district grows older its residents are becoming more aware of its history.
Today there are many historic buildings over 100 years old with very little exterior change and even interior alterations, which should be registered on the district plan. In Paeroa, for instance, these include Paeroa Courthouse (1896), Criterion Hotel (1897), Paeroa Hotel (1897), Hugh Poland home, Poland Street, (c 1905), Joe Brenan home, King Street (1908 and former Park View Private Hospital), the dairy factory houses and the brick dairy factory in Fraser Street (1909), the small cottage in Wharf Street (c 1890). There are several more buildings and sites which come into this category.
A register of such buildings and sites, would enable future developers and owners to "have a second take" before they go ahead and destroy the town's heritage.
However, Paeroa's main street, in fact every main street or central business district in New Zealand, is in danger of being destroyed as the result of the recently adopted Government building regulations governing earthquake proofing any building over 10 years old. Already these regulations have been felt by several property owners in the Hauraki District.
The Paeroa and District Historical Society has come up against the regulations with proposed extensions to its Museum, necessary because of the lack of display and storage space. At present the museum is in the Society-owned former Paeroa Public Library building, built of brick in 1940 to mark the centenary of New Zealand—a historic building in its own right.
Plans were first drawn up two years ago to erect a new building on the Society's section at the rear of the museum building facing Marshall Street and also carry out renovations of the present building.
Under these new regulations, if the new building is joined to the existing museum building then the latter has to be earthquake proofed; if more than $20,000 is to be spent on renovations in the museum building, the regulations are invoked.
The structural engineer's design to earthquake proofing the museum building is estimated to cost $250,000 for an interior steel fame to support the exterior walls. The interior of the building will be considerably "wrecked" to do this work. It will take another $100,000 to close in the exposed steel beam skeleton, refurbish the building, together with new shelving and display cabinets etc. The Museum will be closed and everything stored off-site, for six to nine months or longer.
The cheapest way out is to demolish the museum building and start from ground-zero with a new purpose-built building and the $350,000 will go a long way to meeting the cost. But this does not preserve heritage of the town. It may be possible save the façade, demolish the remainder of the building and erect a new building behind façade.
Every building owner in the main street—there is not a building under 10 years old in the length of Paeroa's main street—will face these regulations when they move to up-grade their premises. It is either pay big money for earthquake proofing or knock the building down. While the latter maybe more economic, the town will lose many of its historic buildings. I do not think Paeroa, or any town or city for that matter, wants this to happen, but at this stage there seems to be no happy medium.
And do not blame the local territorial authorities; they are directed by Government to carry out its bureaucratic building regulations.
On a more pleasant note, congratulations to the Department of Conservation staff for the excellent work they are doing improving the Karangahake Walkway tracks. A start has been made on the restoration of the Woodstock/Talisman pumphouse deep in the Waitawheta Gorge and once completed this will be a real gem on what is now one of the most popular walkways in New Zealand.


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Scientists have discovered a new way to generate human motor nerve cells in a development that will help research into motor neurone disease.
A team from the Universities of Edinburgh, Cambridge and Cardiff has created a range of motor neurons – nerves cells that send messages from the brain and spine to other parts of the body – from human embryonic stem cells in the laboratory.
It is the first time that researchers have been able to generate a variety of human motor neurons, which differ in their make-up and display properties depending on where they are located in the spinal cord.
The research, published in the journal Nature Communications, could help scientists better understand motor neurone disease. The process will enable scientists to create different types of motor neurons and study why some are more vulnerable to disease than others.
Motor neurons control muscle activity such as speaking, walking, swallowing and breathing. However, in motor neurone disease – a progressive and ultimately fatal disorder – these cells break down leading to paralysis, difficulty speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Previously scientists had only been able to generate one particular kind of motor neuron, which they did by using retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative.
In the latest study, scientists have found a way to generate a wider range of motor neurons using a new process without retinoic acid.
Professor Siddharthan Chandran, Director of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh, said: "Motor neurons differ in their make-up, so understanding why some are more vulnerable than others to disease is important for developing treatment for this devastating condition."
Dr Rickie Patani, of the University of Cambridge, said: "Although motor neurons are often considered as a single group, they represent a diverse collection of neuronal subtypes. The ability to create a range of different motor neurons is a key step in understanding the basis of selective subtype vulnerability in conditions such as motor neuron disease and spinal muscular atrophy."
Retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells reveals a medial columnar ground state
A major challenge in neurobiology is to understand mechanisms underlying human neuronal diversification. Motor neurons (MNs) represent a diverse collection of neuronal subtypes, displaying differential vulnerability in different human neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to manipulate cell subtype diversification is critical to establish accurate, clinically relevant in vitro disease models. Retinoid signalling contributes to caudal precursor specification and subsequent MN subtype diversification.
Here we investigate the necessity for retinoic acid in motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells. We show that activin/nodal signalling inhibition, followed by sonic hedgehog agonist treatment, is sufficient for MN precursor specification, which occurs even in the presence of retinoid pathway antagonists. Importantly, precursors mature into HB9/ChAT-expressing functional MNs. Furthermore, retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis results in a ground state biased to caudal, medial motor columnar identities from which a greater retinoid-dependent diversity of MNs, including those of lateral motor columns, can be selectively derived in vitro.
from http://www.crm.ed.ac.uk/news/press/stem-cell-study-could-aid-motor-neurone-disease-research , http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v2/n3/abs/ncomms1216.html


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India's eastern state of Odisha has put one of the country's largest iron ore blocks up for auction, as the state begins the process of finding new owners for several mining leases that will expire on 31 March next year.

The Nuagaon iron ore mine, which is currently operated by the KJS Ahluwalia group, has a reserve estimate of 792mn t, with 51.79pc of the reserve consisting of 45-55pc Fe fines and lump and the rest at 55pc or higher Fe grades.

Finding a single buyer for such a large mine in an open auction could be challenging with steel mills' profit margins squeezed by sluggish domestic demand as India's economic slowdown continues. The tender document for the mine does not specify any end use for the ore, which allows large steel mills as well as merchant mining firms to bid for the asset.

Odisha has put six other ore blocks up for auction, of which five — Thakurani, Jaribahal, Roida II, Narayanposhi and Ganua — have limited the use of ores for steel and pellet-producing companies, barring merchant mines from bidding for these assets.

The last date for submitting bids for the seven blocks is 18 November.

Several mining leases in Odisha and Karnataka states, which are two of India's main iron ore and steel producers, are expiring on 31 March 2020 that could lead to a shortfall of over 60mn t/yr of iron ore supplies. Most of the expiring leases will be auctioned, although state governments will possibly grant some of the leases to state-controlled companies without going through an auction process. Karnataka in south India has not yet put any of the expiring leases up for auction.

If the auctions are not finalised in time and extend into the 2020-21 fiscal year starting 1 April there could be an escalation in domestic ore prices and the possibility of increased iron ore imports. There has been no official word yet on the regulatory requirements for the new owners of these mines, most of which are already operational. Mines typically take up to two years to start operations from the date of start of an auction.


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MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF YHE JURY VI Biennial of Humour Luiz d'Oliveira Guimarães - Espinhal / Peneela Portugal 2018
On July 8th, 2018, by eleven hours met at Biblioteca Municipal Dr. António Arnaut - Penela, the jury of the VI Bien-nale of Humour Luíz d'Oliveira Guimarães.
The jury was composed by Rui Seoane (Council Vice-President) / Rafael Baptista (Councillor) / Mário Duarte (the Technical Superior of Cul-ture); Luís Oliveira Dias (President of the Junta de Freguesia do Espinhal), António Alves (representative of Oliveira Guima-rães Foundation), Renato Barroso (family representative), Margarida Macedo de Sousa (Photographer), Carlos Sêco (Cartoonist honored in VI BHLOG 2018) and Osvaldo Macedo de Sousa (Artistic Director of the Biennale).
A total of 1160 works (100 ca-ricatures for the sub-theme Leonor Oliveira Guimarães and 1060 for the Cycle of Life theme) were received from 450 artists from 78 countries.
The meeting began by analy-zing the cartoons related to Leonor Oliveira Guimarães.
The family and the Artistic Director had already performed a pre-selection of the thirty works that came closest in resemblance to the "victim." Of these 30 finalists the jury decided to grant:
# 1st Caricature Prize of VI BHLOG - 2018 to the work of Walter Toscano (Peru)
As well as the Special Cartoon Awards to: # Special Caricature Prize of the VI BHLOG 2018 to the work of Henrique Monteiro (Portugal)
# Special Caricature Prize of the VI BHLOG 2018 to the work of Mohamed Ajeg (Morocco)
Regarding the Cycle of Life theme, after eliminating works that did not comply with the regulation (theme and monochrome),
700 jury papers were presented to the jury, which were exhaustively analyzed and after several rounds,
the jury decided to award the prizes provided for in the Biennial to the following artists:
# 1st Prize of the VI BHLOG - 2018 - Petry & Crisan (Roménia)
# 2nd Prize of the VI BHLOG - 2018 - Agim Sulaj (Albania)
# 3rd Prize of BHLOG VI 2018 Prize - Safaa Abuaathra (Palestine)
# Special Prize António Oliveira Guimarães VI BHLOG - 2018 - Sepideh Seifizadeh (Iran)
# Special Prize Municipality of Penela VI BHLOG - 2018 - Reynerio Tamayo (Cuba)
# Special Prize of the Junta de Freguesia do Espinhal VI BHLOG - 2018 - Oleh Smal (Ukraine)
# Special Prize Oliveira Guimarães Foundation BHLOG - 2018 - José Bandeira (Portugal)
# Special Prize Humorgrafe VI BHLOG - 2018 - Ali Miraee (Iran)
Nothing more to be discussed, the meeting was closed at twenty-thirty minutes,
and adjourned for the drawing up of these minutes, which after read and approved were signed by all the members of the jury.
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